TWO-LAYER MULTI-CORE CABLES WITH VERY LOW, LOW AND MEDIUM MODULE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to multi-strand cables which can be used in particular for reinforcing tires, particularly tires for heavy industrial vehicles, as well as tires using such cables.

[0002] A radial ply tire consists of a tread, two inextensible beads, two sidewalls connecting the beads to the tread, and a belt, or crown reinforcement, arranged circumferentially between the carcass reinforcement and the tread. This crown reinforcement consists of several reinforcements with different functions.

[0003] The crown reinforcement generally comprises a working reinforcement comprising two working plies, or crossed plies, comprising working metal wire reinforcement elements arranged substantially parallel to each other in each working ply, but crossed from one ply to the other, that is to say inclined, symmetrically or not, with respect to the median circumferential plane, by an angle generally ranging from 15° to 40°. This working reinforcement allows, among other functions, the at least partial transmission of the transverse forces exerted by the ground on the tire when the latter is rolling in order to ensure the directionality of the tire, that is to say the ability of the tire to allow the vehicle on which it is mounted to turn.

[0004] Such wire working elements are described in particular in WO2008026271. WO2008026271 describes two-layer multi-strand ropes comprising an inner rope layer consisting of J>1 inner strands wound helically and an outer rope layer consisting of L>1 outer strands wound around the inner rope layer. Each inner and outer strand is multi-layered and comprises at least one inner layer consisting of Q>1 inner wires, optionally an intermediate layer consisting of P>1 intermediate wires wound around the inner layer, and an outer layer consisting of N>1 outer wires wound around the inner or intermediate layer.

[0005] In WO2008026271, the objective is to provide working reinforcement wire elements having as high a rigidity and breaking strength as possible in order to avoid damage caused to the crown reinforcement, and in particular to the working reinforcement, by obstacles encountered by the tire during its rolling.

[0006] In WO2008026271, this objective is achieved by increasing the number of internal and external strands as much as possible compared to conventional multi-strand cables whose breaking strength is lower and for which J=1 and L=6, as described in particular in WO2015090920. Thus, in WO2008026271, the objective is to combat the deformation imposed by the obstacles encountered by opposing them with the most rigid and mechanically resistant cables possible.

[0007] However, while this solution is effective against obstacles of relatively small or medium dimensions, it proves ineffective with regard to obstacles of larger dimensions. Indeed, in these cases, the forces exerted on the cables are greater than the hardness of the steel and the obstacle then shears the cables, all the more easily since these cables are rigid and oppose the deformation imposed by the obstacle.

[0008] Also known from the state of the art are cables as described in WO2014048897.

[0009] The invention aims to provide a cable that makes it possible to avoid damage caused by obstacles that place heavy stress on the crown reinforcement, in particular the working reinforcement of the tire. CABLE ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

[0010] For this purpose, the invention relates to a two-strand multi-strand cable according to claim 1.

[0011] Unlike the prior art in which the cables have moduli well above 160 GPa and are therefore relatively rigid, the inventors have found that the cables according to the invention having lower moduli are more efficient against obstacles placing heavy stress on the crown reinforcement of the tire.

[0012] Indeed, the inventors found that it was more effective to fit the obstacle using a cable with a lower modulus rather than attempting to stiffen and reinforce the cables as much as possible to counter the deformations imposed by the obstacles as was taught in the prior art. By fitting the obstacles, the shear exerted on the cables and therefore the risk of breakage of these cables is reduced.

[0013] The value of the EC modulus of the cables according to the invention ensures that the latter have structures corresponding to relatively low moduli varying between 50 GPa and 160 GPa and therefore making it possible to cope with the obstacles encountered, unlike the cables of the state of the art, which are far too rigid.

[0014] Furthermore, the value of the EC modulus of the cables according to the invention ensures that the latter have a sufficient modulus to allow sufficient directionality of the tire when they are used in the working frame.

[0015] In the invention, the cable is two-layer stranded, that is, it comprises an assembly consisting of two layers of strands, no more and no less, that is, the assembly has two layers of strands, not one, not three, but only two. The outer layer of the cable is wound helically around the inner layer of the cable in contact with the inner layer of the cable.

[0016] Furthermore, unlike the case where J=1 and in which there would be a risk of seeing, under the effect of repeated compression forces applied to the cable, the internal strand coming out radially from the cable, the presence of several strands in the internal layer of the cable (J>1) wound in a helix makes it possible to reduce this risk, the compression forces then being distributed over the plurality of strands of the internal layer of the cable and the helix holding the internal strands together.

[0017] Optionally and preferably, in one embodiment, the cable is devoid of any polymeric composition, in particular the cable is devoid of a sheath of any polymeric composition covering the internal strand. In another embodiment, the cable is devoid of any elastomeric composition, in particular the cable is devoid of a sheath of any elastomeric composition covering the internal layer of the cable.

[0018] By polymer composition or polymeric composition is meant that the composition comprises at least one polymer. Preferably, such a polymer may be a thermoplastic, for example a polyester or a polyamide, a thermosetting polymer, an elastomer, for example natural rubber, a thermoplastic elastomer or a mixture of these polymers.

[0019] By elastomer composition or elastomeric composition, it is meant that the composition comprises at least one elastomer or rubber (the two terms being synonymous) and at least one other component. Preferably, the elastomer composition also comprises a vulcanization system, a filler. More preferably, the elastomer is diene.

[0020] In the description and the claims, any interval of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values from more than a to less than b (i.e., limits a and b excluded) while any interval of values designated by the expression "from a to b" means the range of values from the limit "a" to the limit "b", i.e., including the strict limits "a" and "b".

[0021] It is recalled that, as is known, the pitch of a strand represents the length of this strand, measured parallel to the axis of the cable, at the end of which the strand having this pitch makes a complete turn around said axis of the cable. Similarly, the pitch of a wire represents the length of this wire, measured parallel to the axis of the strand in which it is located, at the end of which the wire having this pitch makes a complete turn around said axis of the strand.

[0022] The winding direction of a layer of strands or wires means the direction formed by the strands or wires relative to the axis of the cable or strand. The winding direction is commonly designated by the letter either Z or S.

[0023] The pitches, winding directions and diameters of the wires and strands are determined in accordance with ASTM D2969-04 of 2014. The winding radii are measured by observation under a microscope on a section of the cable made along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the cable.

[0024] By similar wire diameters, we mean that the ratios of the diameters of the wires considered two by two range from 0.75 to 1.25. By identical wire diameters, we mean that the ratios of the diameters of the wires considered two by two are equal to 1.

[0025] Advantageously, the cable is metallic. By definition, a metallic cable is meant a cable formed of wires consisting entirely (for 100% of the wires) of a metallic material. Such a metallic cable is preferably implemented with steel wires, more preferably pearlitic (or ferrito-pearlitic) carbon steel, hereinafter referred to as "carbon steel", or even stainless steel (by definition, steel comprising at least 11% chromium and at least 50% iron). But it is of course possible to use other steels or other alloys.

[0026] When a carbon steel is advantageously used, its carbon content (% by weight of steel) is preferably between 0.2% and 1.2%, in particular between 0.5% and 1.1%; these contents represent a good compromise between the mechanical properties required for the tire and the feasibility of the wires.

[0027] The metal or steel used, whether in particular carbon steel or stainless steel, may itself be coated with a metallic layer improving, for example, the processing properties of the metal cable and / or its constituent elements, or the usage properties of the cable and / or the tire themselves, such as adhesion properties, corrosion resistance or even resistance to aging. According to a preferred embodiment, the steel used is covered with a layer of brass (Zn-Cu alloy) or zinc.

[0028] Preferably, the wires of the same layer of a predetermined strand (internal or external) all have substantially the same diameter. Advantageously, the internal strands all have substantially the same diameter. Advantageously, the external strands all have substantially the same diameter. By "substantially the same diameter" is meant that the wires or strands have identical diameters within industrial tolerances.

[0029] In this application, the EC modulus of a cable is calculated by measuring the slope of the elastic portion of a force-elongation curve obtained by applying ASTM D2969-04 of 2014 to the cable under test and then relating this slope to the metallic cross-sectional area of the cable, i.e., the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the wires constituting the cable. Alternatively, the metallic cross-sectional area can be determined by measuring the linear density of the cable in accordance with ASTM D2969-04 of 2014 and dividing this linear density by the density of the steel used.

[0030] The elastic part of the curve corresponds to a substantially linear part of the force-elongation curve, a part which is complementary to the structural part and the plastic part of the force-elongation curve. The elastic part corresponds to an elastic elongation Ae and results from the construction of the cable, in particular the angles of the different layers and the diameters of the wires. The elastic part, and the corresponding elongation Ae, of the force-elongation curve are described in particular in documents US5843583, WO 2005 / 014925 and WO2007 / 090603 and correspond to the part and the elongation of the force-elongation curve between: the structural part corresponding to the structural elongation As, resulting from the ventilation of the cable, i.e. the vacant space between the different wires or strands constituting the cable, and the plastic part corresponding to the plastic elongation Ap, resulting from the plasticity (irreversible deformation beyond the elastic limit) of one or more wires of the cable.

[0031] For some cables, there is no ventilation in the cable so that the structural elongation As is zero. In all cases (As zero and As non-zero), the elastic part corresponds to the linear part of the force-elongation curve with the highest slope.

[0032] The EC modulus of the cable is measured on a cable as manufactured, i.e. one devoid of any elastomeric composition in which the cable would be embedded to form a ply. Similarly, the modulus El of the inner layer of the cable is measured by taking the inner layer of the cable either at the end of its manufacture, or by unwinding the outer layer of outer strands of the finished cable so as to obtain the inner layer of the cable alone. Alternatively, the EC and El moduli may be measured by extracting a cable from a tire and removing any elastomeric composition around and in the cable, for example by chemical degumming as is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0033] The following definitions of the helix angles α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable and α' of each outer strand in the outer layer of the cable will also be adopted in the following description. α = arctan 2 π RI PI where RI is the winding radius of the inner strands and PI is the winding pitch of each inner strand. α ′ = arctan 2 π RE PE where RE is the winding radius of the outer strands and PE is the winding pitch of each outer strand.

[0034] The winding radii RI and RE are measured on a cross-section perpendicular to the main axis of the cable and correspond to the distance between the center of the helix described by each inner and outer strand respectively and the center of the cable.

[0035] In an embodiment in which each inner strand is two-layered, the following definitions of the helix angles β of each inner wire in the inner layer within each inner strand and γ of each outer wire in the outer layer within each inner strand will also be adopted in the following description. β = arctan 2 π R 1 p 1 in which R1 is the winding radius of the Q internal wires of each internal strand and p1 is the pitch at which the Q internal wires are assembled within each internal strand. In the case where Q=1, R1=0 and therefore β=0. γ = arctan 2 π R 2 p 2 in which R2 is the winding radius of the N outer wires of each inner strand and p2 is the pitch at which the N outer wires are assembled within each inner strand.

[0036] In this embodiment, each inner wire has a diameter D1 and each outer wire has a diameter D2. The winding radii R1 and R2 are measured on a cross-section perpendicular to the main axis of each inner strand taken individually and correspond to the distance between the center of the helix described by each inner and outer wire respectively and the center of the inner strand.

[0037] In an embodiment in which each inner strand is three-layered, the following definitions of the helix angles β of each inner wire in the inner layer within each inner strand, δ of each intermediate wire in the intermediate layer within each inner strand, and γ of each outer wire in the outer layer within each inner strand will also be adopted in the following description. β = arctan 2 π R 1 p 1 in which R1 is the winding radius of the Q internal wires of each internal strand and p1 is the pitch at which the Q internal wires are assembled within each internal strand. In the case where Q=1, R1=0 and therefore β=0. δ = arctan 2 π R 2 p 2 in which R2 is the winding radius of the P intermediate wires of each internal strand and p2 is the pitch at which the P intermediate wires are assembled within each internal strand. γ = arctan 2 π R 3 p 3 in which R3 is the winding radius of the N outer wires of each inner strand and p3 is the pitch at which the N outer wires are assembled within each inner strand. The winding radii R1, R2 and R3 are measured on a cross-section perpendicular to the main axis of each inner strand taken individually and correspond to the distance between the center of the helix described by each inner, intermediate and outer wire respectively and the center of the inner strand. In this embodiment, each inner wire has a diameter D1, each intermediate wire has a diameter D2 and each outer wire has a diameter D3.

[0038] In an embodiment in which each outer strand is two-layered, the following definitions of the helix angles β' of each inner wire in the inner layer within each outer strand and γ' of each outer wire in the outer layer within each outer strand will also be adopted in the following description. β ′ = arctan 2 π R 1 ′ p 1 ′ in which R1' is the winding radius of the Q' inner wires of each outer strand and p1' is the pitch at which the Q' inner wires are assembled within each outer strand. In the case where Q'=1, R1'=0 and therefore β'=0. γ ′ = arctan 2 π R 2 ′ p 2 ′ in which R2' is the winding radius of the N' outer wires of each outer strand and p2' is the pitch at which the N' outer wires are assembled within each outer strand.

[0039] In this embodiment, each inner wire has a diameter D1' and each outer wire has a diameter D2'. The winding radii R1' and R2' are measured on a cross-section perpendicular to the main axis of each outer strand taken individually and correspond to the distance between the center of the helix described by each inner and outer wire respectively and the center of the outer strand.

[0040] In an embodiment in which each outer strand is three-layered, the following definitions of the helix angles β' of each inner wire in the inner layer within each outer strand, δ' of each intermediate wire in the intermediate layer within each outer strand, and γ' of each outer wire in the outer layer within each outer strand will also be adopted in the following description. β ′ = arctan 2 π R 1 ′ p 1 ′ in which R1' is the winding radius of the Q' inner wires of each outer strand and p1' is the pitch at which the Q' inner wires are assembled within each outer strand. In the case where Q'=1, R1'=0 and therefore β'=0. δ ′ = arctan 2 π R 2 ′ p 2 ′ in which R2' is the winding radius of the P' intermediate wires of each outer strand and p2' is the pitch at which the P' intermediate wires are assembled within each outer strand. γ ′ = arctan 2 π R 3 ′ p 3 ′ in which R3' is the winding radius of the N' outer wires of each outer strand and p3' is the pitch at which the N' outer wires are assembled within each outer strand before assembling the inner strands and the outer strands together. In this embodiment, each inner wire has a diameter D1', each intermediate wire has a diameter D2' and each outer wire has a diameter D3'. The winding radii R1', R2' and R3' are measured on a cross-section perpendicular to the main axis of each outer strand taken individually and correspond to the distance between the center of the helix described by each inner, intermediate and outer wire respectively and the center of the outer strand.

[0041] According to the invention, the inner layer of the cable having a modulus El, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa.

[0042] The cables according to the invention having an architecture in which J>1, the most severe transverse forces exerted in the cable when it is tensioned are the transverse forces exerted between the internal strands, in particular in the case where the external layer of the cable is desaturated, unlike a cable in which J=1 and in which the most severe transverse forces are the transverse forces exerted by the external strands on the internal strands, in particular in the case where the external layer of the cable is desaturated.

[0043] In a first variant in which the inner layer of the cable has a relatively low modulus, the inner layer of the cable has a modulus El, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa. Thus, the lower the modulus of the inner layer, the better the main forces will be absorbed and the better the breaking strength of the cable will be. Here, the breaking strength of the cable is maximized by using a relatively low modulus of the inner layer. In a particular variant, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 102 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 102 GPa.

[0044] In a second variant in which the inner layer of the cable has a higher modulus, the inner layer of the cable having a modulus El, 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa.

[0045] In an embodiment according to the invention in which the inner layer of the cable and the cable have relatively close moduli, 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20. In this embodiment, the inventors hypothesize that the core and the layer work substantially together when the cable is stressed, particularly in tension. Thus, the compromise between breaking strength of the cable and resistance to cutting is maximized.

[0046] In another embodiment according to the invention in which the inner layer of the cable and the cable have relatively different moduli, EC / El ≤ 0.59 or 1.21 ≤ EC / EI.

[0047] In one variant, the inner layer of the cable has a relatively high modulus compared to the modulus of the cable, i.e. EC / El ≤ 0.59, preferably 0.40 ≤ EC / El ≤ 0.59. In this variant, the cut resistance of the cable is favored over its breaking strength.

[0048] In another variant, the inner layer of the cable has a relatively low modulus compared to the modulus of the cable, i.e. 1.21 ≤ EC / EI, preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / El ≤ 3.00. In this variant, the breaking strength of the cable is favored over its cut resistance.

[0049] In preferred embodiments of the invention, the cables have the following advantageous structural characteristics.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable will: from 7° to 38° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and outer strands, from 4° to 41° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, from 3° to 36° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and three-layer outer strands, from 4° to 36° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and two-layer outer strands.

[0051] In the particular variant, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable ranges from 5° to 42°.

[0052] By controlling mainly the value of the helix angle α, the value of the modulus associated with the inner layer of the cable is largely controlled. Indeed, the helix angle α mainly intervenes in relation to the angles of the wires of the layers whose contribution to the modulus is lower. Thus, the higher the helix angle α of each inner strand, the lower the modulus associated with the inner layer. Thus, Advantageously, the inner strands are wound in a helix at a pitch PI ranging from 10 mm to 65 mm, preferably from 10 mm to 45 mm.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the helix angle α' of each outer strand in the outer layer of the cable will from 7° to 38° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and outer strands, from 13° to 36° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, from 10° to 34° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and three-layer outer strands, from 10° to 32° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and two-layer outer strands.

[0054] In the particular variant, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable ranges from 10° to 32°.

[0055] In a similar way to the helix angle α, by mainly controlling the value of the helix angle α', the value of the modulus associated with the outer layer of the cable is largely controlled. Indeed, the helix angle α' intervenes mainly in relation to the angles of the wires of the layers whose contribution to the modulus is lower. Thus, the higher the helix angle α' of each outer strand, the lower the modulus associated with the outer layer. Advantageously, the L outer strands are wound in a helix at a pitch PE ranging from 30 mm to 65 mm, preferably from 30 mm to 60 mm.

[0056] In the particular variant using two-layer internal strands, 20° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 136°.

[0057] In the particular variant using three-layer internal strands, 50° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 80°.

[0058] In the particular variant using two-layer outer strands, 39° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 100°.

[0059] In the particular variant using three-layer outer strands, 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 95°.

[0060] In the embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 11° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 110° and in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 11° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 74°, and in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 110°.

[0061] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and outer strands, 25° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 158° and in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 25° ≤ 3α + β + δ+ γ ≤ 140°, and in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 36° ≤ 3α + β + δ+ γ ≤ 158°.

[0062] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 105° and in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 86°, and in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 20° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 105°.

[0063] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 26° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 162°, and in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 26° ≤ 3α + β + δ+ γ ≤ 140°, and in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 36° ≤ 3α + β + δ+ γ ≤ 162°.

[0064] In the embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 23° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 97°, and in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 23° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 85°, and in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 97°.

[0065] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and outer strands, 48° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 154°, and in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 48° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ'+ γ' ≤ 145°, and in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 61° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ'+ γ' ≤ 154°.

[0066] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 47° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 147°, and in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 47° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ'+ γ' ≤ 147°, and in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 62° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ'+ γ' ≤ 140°.

[0067] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 96°, and in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 86°. in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 34° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 96°.

[0068] In an embodiment using two-layer inner and outer strands, 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 96°. In an embodiment in which Q'=1, advantageously 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 86°. In an embodiment in which Q'>1, advantageously 34° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 96°. In the particular variant, 73° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 195°.

[0069] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and outer strands, 84° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 84° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 246°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 96° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 261°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 88° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 254°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 101° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280°. In the particular variant, 130° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 170°.

[0070] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 84° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 226°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 84° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 199°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 88° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 206°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 96° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 214°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 99° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 226°. In the particular variant, 110° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 150°.

[0071] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 64° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 224°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 64° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 200°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 73° ≤3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 212°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 68° ≤3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 220°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 80° ≤3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 224°. In the particular variant, 110° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 150°.

[0072] For identical or similar wire diameters used, the angles thus defined make it possible to structurally define a cable in accordance with the invention which is easy to manufacture industrially by only playing on the helix angles α, α', β, β', δ, δ', γ and γ'.

[0073] In one embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands: In the case where Q>1, the helix angle β of each inner wire in the inner layer within each inner strand ranges from 4° to 25°, preferably 4° to 17°. Advantageously, the Q inner wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p1 ranging from 2 to 20 mm, preferably from 5 to 20 mm. In the case where Q=1, the helix angle γ of each outer wire in the outer layer within each inner strand ranges from 6° to 31°, preferably from 5° to 26°. Advantageously, the N outer wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p2 ranging from 4 to 40 mm, preferably from 5 to 30 mm. In the case where Q>1, the helix angle γ of each outer wire in the outer layer within each inner strand ranges from 5° to 31°. Advantageously, the N outer wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p2 ranging from 4 to 40 mm. In the case where Q'>1, the helix angle β' of each inner wire in the inner layer within each outer strand ranges from 4° to 25°, preferably from 4° to 17°. Advantageously, the Q' inner wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p1' ranging from 2 to 20 mm, preferably from 5 to 20 mm. In the case where Q=1, the helix angle γ' of each outer wire in the outer layer within each outer strand ranges from 6° to 31°, preferably from 5° to 26°. Advantageously, the N' outer wires of each inner strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p2' ranging from 4 to 40 mm, preferably from 5 to 30 mm.In the case where Q>1, the helix angle γ' of each outer wire in the outer layer within each outer strand ranges from 5° to 31°. Advantageously, the N' outer wires of each inner strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p2' ranging from 4 to 40 mm. In the particular variant: i. if Q>1, β ranges from 4° to 25° and p1 ranges from 2 to 20 mm, ii. γ ranges from 6° to 31° and p2 ranges from 4 to 40 mm, iii. if Q'>1, β' ranges from 4° to 25° and p1 ranges from 2 to 20 mm, iv. γ' ranges from 6° to 31° and p2 ranges from 4 to 40 mm.

[0074] In one embodiment using three-layer inner strands and outer strands: In the case where Q>1, the helix angle β of each inner wire in the inner layer within each inner strand ranges from 4° to 17°. Advantageously, in the case where Q>1, the Q inner wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p1 ranging from 5 to 15 mm. In the case where Q=1, the helix angle δ of each intermediate wire in the intermediate layer within each inner strand ranges from 6° to 30°. Advantageously, the P intermediate wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p2 ranging from 5 to 20 mm. In the case where Q>1, the helix angle δ of each intermediate wire in the intermediate layer within each inner strand ranges from 8° to 22°. Advantageously, the P intermediate wires of each internal strand are assembled within each internal strand at a pitch p2 ranging from 10 to 20 mm.In the case where Q=1, the helix angle γ of each outer wire in the outer layer within each inner strand ranges from 7° to 30°. Advantageously, the N outer wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p3 ranging from 10 to 40 mm. In the case where Q>1, the helix angle γ of each outer wire in the outer layer within each inner strand ranges from 9° to 25°. Advantageously, the N outer wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p3 ranging from 10 to 40 mm. In the case where Q'>1, the helix angle β' of each inner wire in the inner layer within each outer strand ranges from 4° to 20°. Advantageously, the Q' internal wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p1' ranging from 5 to 15 mm. In the case where Q'=1, the helix angle δ' of each intermediate wire in the intermediate layer within each outer strand ranges from 6° to 22°.Advantageously, the P' intermediate wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p2' ranging from 5 to 20 mm. In the case where Q'>1, the helix angle δ' of each intermediate wire in the intermediate layer within each outer strand ranges from 8° to 22°. Advantageously, the P' intermediate wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p2' ranging from 10 to 20 mm. In the case where Q'=1, the helix angle γ' of each outer wire in the outer layer within each outer strand ranges from 7° to 22°. Advantageously, the N' outer wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p3' ranging from 10 to 40 mm. In the case where Q'>1, the helix angle γ' of each outer wire in the outer layer within each outer strand ranges from 9° to 25°. Advantageously, the N' outer wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p3' ranging from 10 to 40 mm.In the particular variant: i. if Q>1, β ranges from 7° to 17° and p1 ranges from 1 to 10 mm, ii. δ ranges from 7° to 17° and p2 ranges from 2 to 20 mm, iii. γ ranges from 7° to 17° and p3 ranges from 4 to 40 mm, iv. if Q'>1, β' ranges from 10° to 20° and p1' ranges from 1 to 10 mm, v. δ' ranges from 10° to 20° and p2' ranges from 2 to 20 mm, vi. γ' ranges from 10° to 20° and p3' ranges from 4 to 40 mm.

[0075] In one embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands: In the case where Q>1, the helix angle β of each inner wire in the inner layer within each inner strand ranges from 4° to 17°. Advantageously, in the case where Q>1, the Q inner wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p1 ranging from 5 to 20 mm. In the case where Q>1, the helix angle γ of each outer wire in the outer layer within each inner strand ranges from 7° to 20°. Advantageously, the N outer wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p2 ranging from 5 to 40 mm. In the case where Q=1, the helix angle γ of each outer wire in the outer layer within each inner strand ranges from 5° to 26°. Advantageously, the N outer wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p2 ranging from 5 to 30 mm. In the case where Q'>1, the helix angle β' of each inner wire in the inner layer within each outer strand ranges from 4° to 20°.Advantageously, the Q' inner wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p1' ranging from 5 to 15 mm. In the case where Q'=1, the helix angle δ' of each intermediate wire in the intermediate layer within each outer strand ranges from 6° to 22°. Advantageously, the P' intermediate wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p2' ranging from 5 to 20 mm. In the case where Q'>1, the helix angle δ' of each intermediate wire in the intermediate layer within each outer strand ranges from 8° to 22°. Advantageously, the P' intermediate wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p2' ranging from 10 to 20 mm. In the case where Q'=1, the helix angle γ' of each outer wire in the outer layer within each outer strand ranges from 7° to 22°.Advantageously, the N' outer wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p3' ranging from 10 to 40 mm. In the case where Q'>1, the helix angle γ' of each outer wire in the outer layer within each outer strand ranges from 9° to 25°. Advantageously, the N' outer wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p3' ranging from 10 to 40 mm. In the particular variant: i. If Q>1, β ranges from 7° to 17° and p1 ranges from 2 to 20 mm, ii. γ ranges from 7° to 17° and p2 ranges from 4 to 40 mm, iii. If Q'>1, β' ranges from 10° to 20° and p1' ranges from 1 to 10 mm, iv. δ' ranges from 10° to 20° and p2' ranges from 2 to 20 mm, v. γ' ranges from 10° to 20° and p3' ranges from 4 to 40 mm.

[0076] In one embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands: In the case where Q>1, the helix angle β of each inner wire in the inner layer within each inner strand ranges from 4° to 17°. Advantageously, in the case where Q>1, the Q inner wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p1 ranging from 5 to 15 mm. In the case where Q=1, the helix angle δ of each intermediate wire in the intermediate layer within each inner strand ranges from 6° to 30°. Advantageously, the P intermediate wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p2 ranging from 5 to 20 mm. In the case where Q>1, the helix angle δ of each intermediate wire in the intermediate layer within each inner strand ranges from 8° to 22°. Advantageously, the P intermediate wires of each internal strand are assembled within each internal strand at a pitch p2 ranging from 10 to 20 mm.In the case where Q=1, the helix angle γ of each outer wire in the outer layer within each inner strand ranges from 7° to 30°. Advantageously, the N outer wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p3 ranging from 10 to 40 mm. In the case where Q>1, the helix angle γ of each outer wire in the outer layer within each inner strand ranges from 9° to 25°. Advantageously, the N outer wires of each inner strand are assembled within each inner strand at a pitch p3 ranging from 10 to 40 mm. In the case where Q'>1, the helix angle β' of each inner wire in the inner layer within each outer strand ranges from 4° to 17°. Advantageously, the Q' inner wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p1' ranging from 5 to 20 mm. In the case where Q'>1, the helix angle γ' of each outer wire in the outer layer within each outer strand ranges from 7° to 20°.Advantageously, the N' outer wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p2' ranging from 5 to 40 mm. In the case where Q'=1, the helix angle γ' of each outer wire in the outer layer within each outer strand ranges from 5° to 26°. Advantageously, the N' outer wires of each outer strand are assembled within each outer strand at a pitch p2' ranging from 5 to 30 mm. In the particular variant: i. If Q>1, β ranges from 7° to 17° and p1 ranges from 1 to 10 mm, ii. δ ranges from 7° to 17° and p2 ranges from 2 to 20 mm, iii. γ ranges from 7° to 17° and p3 ranges from 4 to 40 mm, iv. If Q'>1, β' ranges from 7° to 17° and p1' ranges from 2 to 20 mm, v. γ' ranges from 7° to 17° and p2' ranges from 4 to 40 mm.

[0077] For identical or similar wire diameters used, the angles thus defined make it possible to structurally define the internal layer of the cable and the internal strands of this layer in order to obtain a cable in accordance with the invention which is easy to manufacture industrially by only adjusting the angles of the wires of the layers. In addition, the pitches p1, p1', p2, p2' and p3, p3' in these preferred ranges make it possible to obtain a cable having mechanical properties compatible with pneumatic use, a cost and a relatively low linear mass of the cable. Very low modulus cables of the invention

[0078] In one embodiment, the cable has a very low modulus, i.e. 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 89 GPa. In this embodiment, the ability of the cable to conform to the obstacles encountered is prioritized over the ability of the cable to provide high directionality to the tire.

[0079] In preferred variants of very low modulus cables, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ EI ≤ 175 GPa. In the particular variant, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa.

[0080] In a first variant in which the inner layer of the very low modulus cable has a relatively low modulus, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa. In the particular variant, 25 GPa ≤ EI ≤ 102 GPa. As explained above, the breaking strength of the cable is maximized here by using a relatively low modulus of the inner layer.

[0081] In a second variant in which the inner layer of the very low modulus cable has a higher modulus, 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa. In the particular variant, 103 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa. Due to the very low modulus of the cable, a relatively high value of the modulus of the inner layer results in a relatively low value of the modulus of the outer layer and therefore excellent cut resistance of the cable.

[0082] In an embodiment in which the inner layer of the cable and the very low modulus cable have relatively close moduli, 0.60 ≤ EC / El ≤ 1.20. In this variant, the inventors hypothesize that the core and the layer work substantially together when the very low modulus cable is stressed, particularly in tension. Thus, the compromise between breaking strength of the cable and resistance to cutting is maximized.

[0083] In an embodiment in which the inner and outer layers of the very low modulus cable have relatively different moduli, EC / EI ≤ 0.59 or 1.21 ≤ EC / EI.

[0084] In one variant, the inner layer of the very low modulus cable has a relatively high modulus compared to the modulus of the outer layer of the very low modulus cable, i.e. EC / El ≤ 0.59, preferably 0.40 ≤ EC / El ≤ 0.59. In this variant, the cut resistance of the cable is favored over its breaking strength.

[0085] In another variant, the inner layer of the very low modulus cable has a relatively small modulus compared to the modulus of the outer layer of the very low modulus cable, i.e. 1.21 ≤ EC / El, preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / El ≤ 3.00. In this variant, the breaking strength of the cable is favored over its cut resistance.

[0086] In preferred embodiments of the invention, the very low modulus cables have the following advantageous structural characteristics.

[0087] In preferred embodiments of the invention, the very low modulus cables have the following advantageous structural characteristics.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable will: from 3° to 42° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and outer strands, from 6° to 41° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, from 5° to 36° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and three-layer outer strands, from 4° to 36° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and two-layer outer strands.

[0089] In the particular variant, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable ranges from 9° to 42°.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the helix angle α' of each outer strand in the outer layer of the cable will: from 13° to 38° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and outer strands, from 18° to 36° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, from 14° to 34° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and three-layer outer strands, from 13° to 32° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and two-layer outer strands.

[0091] In the particular variant, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable ranges from 13° to 32°.

[0092] In the particular variant using two-layer internal strands, 29° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 136°.

[0093] In the particular variant using three-layer internal strands, 50° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 80°.

[0094] In the particular variant using two-layer outer strands, 42° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 90°.

[0095] In the particular variant using three-layer outer strands, 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 95°.

[0096] In the embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 110°, and in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 74°, and in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 23° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 110°.

[0097] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and outer strands, 29° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 158°, and in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 29° ≤ 3α + β +δ + γ ≤ 140°, and in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 42° ≤ 3α + β +δ + γ ≤ 158°.

[0098] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 20° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 105°, and in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 20° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 86°, and in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 27° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 105°.

[0099] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 35° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 162°, and in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 35° ≤ 3α + β +δ + γ ≤ 140°, and in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 36° ≤ 3α + β +δ + γ ≤ 162°.

[0100] In the embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 43° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 97°, and in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 47° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 85°, and in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 43° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 97°.

[0101] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and outer strands, 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 153°, and in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 143°, and in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 78° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 153°.

[0102] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 66° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 147°, and in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 66° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 147°, and in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 75° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 140°.

[0103] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 34° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 96°, and in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 34° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 86°, and in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 42° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 96°.

[0104] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 85° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 184°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 85° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 145°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 108° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 154°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 90° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 151°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 110° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 184°. In the particular variant, 109° ≤ 20 + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 195°.

[0105] In an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, 138° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 138° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 246°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 144° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ'≤ 261°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 148° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 254°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 144° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280°. In the particular variant, 130° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 170°.

[0106] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 146° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 226°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 134° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 199°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 130° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 206°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 152° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 214°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 146° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 226°. In the particular variant, 110° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 150°.

[0107] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 100° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 224°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 100° ≤3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 200°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 104° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 212°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 117° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 220°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 121° ≤3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 224°. In the particular variant, 110° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 150°.

[0108] For identical or similar wire diameters used, the angles thus defined make it possible to structurally define the internal layer of the cable and the internal strands of this layer in order to obtain a cable in accordance with the invention which is easy to manufacture industrially by only adjusting the angles of the wires of the layers. In addition, the pitches p1, p1', p2, p2' and p3, p3' in these preferred ranges make it possible to obtain a cable having mechanical properties compatible with pneumatic use, a cost and a relatively low linear mass of the cable.

[0109] The values of the helix angles β, γ, δ, β', γ', δ', as well as those of the pitches p1, p2, p3, p1', p2', p3' allowing to obtain very low modulus cables are identical to those already described above. Low modulus cables of the invention

[0110] In another embodiment, the cable has a low modulus, i.e. 90 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 130 GPa. In this embodiment, a balanced compromise is adopted between the ability of the cable to conform to the obstacles encountered and the ability of the cable to impart high directionality to the tire.

[0111] In preferred variants of low modulus cables, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 64 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. In the preferred variant, 35 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa.

[0112] In a first variant in which the inner layer of the low modulus cable has a relatively low modulus, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa, preferably 64 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa. In the particular variant, 35 GPa ≤ El ≤ 102 GPa. As explained above, the breaking strength of the cable is maximized here by using a relatively low modulus of the inner layer.

[0113] In a second variant in which the inner layer of the low modulus cable has a higher modulus, 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. In the particular variant, 103 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa.

[0114] In an embodiment in which the inner layer of the cable and the low modulus cable have relatively close moduli, 0.60 ≤ EC / El ≤ 1.20. In this variant, the inventors hypothesize that the core and the layer work substantially together when the low modulus cable is stressed, particularly in tension. Thus, the compromise between breaking strength of the cable and resistance to cutting is maximized.

[0115] In an embodiment wherein the inner and outer layers of the low modulus cable have relatively different moduli, EC / EI ≤ 0.59 or 1.21 ≤ EC / EI.

[0116] In one variant, the inner layer of the low modulus cable has a relatively high modulus compared to the modulus of the outer layer of the low modulus cable, i.e. EC / El ≤ 0.59, preferably 0.40 ≤ EC / El ≤ 0.59. In this variant, the cut resistance of the cable is favored over its breaking strength.

[0117] In another variant, the inner layer of the low modulus cable has a relatively small modulus compared to the modulus of the outer layer of the low modulus cable, i.e. 1.21 ≤ EC / EI, preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / El ≤ 2.82. In this variant, the breaking strength of the cable is favored over its cut resistance.

[0118] In preferred embodiments of the invention, the very low modulus cables have the following advantageous structural characteristics.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable will: from 3° to 36° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and outer strands, from 4° to 31° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, from 3° to 31° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and three-layer outer strands, from 4° to 27° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and two-layer outer strands. In the particular variant, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable ranges from 5° to 36°.

[0120] In a preferred embodiment, the helix angle α' of each outer strand in the outer layer of the cable will: from 9° to 27° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and outer strands, from 13° to 32° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, from 10° to 31° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and three-layer outer strands, from 11° to 31° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and two-layer outer strands. In the particular variant, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable ranges from 10° to 25°.

[0121] In the particular variant using two-layer internal strands, 27° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 108°.

[0122] In the particular variant using three-layer internal strands, 50° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 80°.

[0123] In the particular variant using two-layer outer strands, 39° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 65°.

[0124] In the particular variant using three-layer outer strands, 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 95°.

[0125] In the embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 13° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 110°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 13° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 74°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 110°.

[0126] In an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, 25° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ ≤ 125°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 25° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 120°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 36° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 125°.

[0127] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 86°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 86°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 19° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 85°.

[0128] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 26° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ ≤ 128°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 26° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 113°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 36° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 128°.

[0129] In the embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 31° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 71°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 31° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 66°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 39° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 71°.

[0130] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and outer strands, 54° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 123°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 54° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 118°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 123°

[0131] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 54° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 125°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 54° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 120°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 64° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 125°.

[0132] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 89°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 28° ≤2α' + β' + γ'≤ 85°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 36° ≤2α' + β' + γ'≤ 89°.

[0133] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 65° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 153°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 65° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 117°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 72° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ° ≤ 133°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 81° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 130°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 79° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 153°. In the particular variant, 82° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 153°.

[0134] In an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, 107° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ° ≤ 211°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 107° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 197°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 113° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 206°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 115° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 202°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 120° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 211°. In the particular variant, 130° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α° + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 170°.

[0135] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 87° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 172°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 87° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 160°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 90° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 165°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 111° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 166°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 111° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 172°. In the particular variant, 110° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 150°.

[0136] In an embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 74° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ'≤ 183°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 74° ≤3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 158°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 86° ≤3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ'≤ 168°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 84° ≤3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ'≤ 168°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 94° ≤3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 183°. In the particular variant, 110° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 150°.

[0137] For identical or similar wire diameters used, the angles thus defined make it possible to structurally define the internal layer of the cable and the internal strands of this layer in order to obtain a cable in accordance with the invention which is easy to manufacture industrially by only adjusting the angles of the wires of the layers. In addition, the pitches p1, p1', p2, p2' and p3, p3' in these preferred ranges make it possible to obtain a cable having mechanical properties compatible with pneumatic use, a cost and a relatively low linear mass of the cable.

[0138] The values of the helix angles β, γ, δ, β', γ', δ', as well as those of the pitches p1, p2, p3, p1', p2', p3' allowing to obtain low modulus cables are identical to those already described above. Medium modulus cables of the invention

[0139] In yet another embodiment, the cable has an average modulus, i.e. 131 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa. In this embodiment, the ability of the cable to provide high directionality to the tire is favored over the ability of the cable to conform to the obstacles encountered.

[0140] In preferred variants of medium modulus cables, 78 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 100 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. In the preferred variant, 125 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa.

[0141] In a first variant in which the inner layer of the medium modulus cable has a relatively low modulus, 78 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa. As explained above, the breaking strength of the cable is maximized here by using a relatively low modulus of the inner layer.

[0142] In a second variant in which the inner layer of the low modulus cable has a higher modulus, 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa.

[0143] In an embodiment in which the inner layer of the cable and the medium modulus cable have relatively close moduli, 0.60 ≤ EC / El ≤ 1.20, preferably 0.80 ≤ EC / El ≤ 1.15. In this embodiment, the inventors hypothesize that the core and the layer work substantially together when the medium modulus cable is stressed, particularly in tension. Thus, the compromise between breaking strength of the cable and resistance to cutting is maximized.

[0144] In an embodiment wherein the inner and outer layers of the medium modulus cable have relatively different moduli, EC / EI ≤ 0.59 or 1.21 ≤ EC / EI.

[0145] In one variant, the inner layer of the medium modulus cable has a relatively high modulus compared to the modulus of the outer layer of the medium modulus cable, i.e. EC / El ≤ 0.59, preferably 0.40 ≤ EC / El ≤ 0.59. In this variant, the cut resistance of the cable is favored over its breaking strength.

[0146] In another variant, the inner layer of the medium modulus cable has a relatively small modulus compared to the modulus of the outer layer of the medium modulus cable, i.e. 1.21 ≤ EC / El, preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / El ≤ 3.00. In this variant, the breaking strength of the cable is favored over its cut resistance.

[0147] In preferred embodiments of the invention, the medium modulus cables have the following advantageous structural characteristics.

[0148] In a preferred embodiment, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable will: from 3° to 24° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and outer strands, from 4° to 22° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, from 3° to 20° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and three-layer outer strands, from 4° to 23° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and two-layer outer strands. In the particular variant, the helix angle α of each inner strand in the inner layer of the cable ranges from 5° to 19°.

[0149] In a preferred embodiment, the helix angle α' of each outer strand in the outer layer of the cable will: from 11° to 20° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and outer strands, from 11° to 21° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, from 10° to 22° in an embodiment using two-layer inner and three-layer outer strands, from 10° to 27° in an embodiment using three-layer inner and two-layer outer strands. In the particular variant, the helix angle α' of each outer strand in the outer layer of the cable ranges from 11° to 20°.

[0150] In the particular variant using two-layer internal strands, 23° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 55°.

[0151] In the particular variant using three-layer internal strands, 50° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 80°.

[0152] In the particular variant using two-layer outer strands, 39° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 57°.

[0153] In the particular variant using three-layer outer strands, 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 95°.

[0154] In the embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 11° ≤ 2α + β + y ≤ 64°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 11° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 64°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 63°.

[0155] In one embodiment using three-layer inner strands and outer strands, 25° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ ≤ 97°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 25° ≤ 3 α + β + y + δ ≤ 97°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 36° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ ≤ 97°

[0156] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 68°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 56°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 20° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 68°.

[0157] In one embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 26° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ ≤ 97°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q=1, we advantageously have 26° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ ≤ 86°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q>1, we advantageously have 36° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ ≤ 97°.

[0158] In the embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 23° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 58°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 23° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 52°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 27° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 58°.

[0159] In one embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, 48° ≤ 3 α ' + β ' + γ' + δ ' ≤ 89°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 48 ° ≤ 3α' + β' + γ' + δ ' ≤ 81°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 61° ≤ 3 α ' + β ' + γ' + δ ' ≤ 89°.

[0160] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 47° ≤ 3α' + β' + γ' + δ' ≤ 89°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 47° ≤ 3α' + β' + γ' + δ' ≤ 86°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 62° ≤ 3α' + β' + γ' + δ' ≤ 89°.

[0161] In one embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 30° ≤ 2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 64°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'=1, we advantageously have 30° ≤2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 62°, and ∘ in an embodiment in which Q'>1, we advantageously have 37° ≤2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 64°.

[0162] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and outer strands, 45° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 108°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 45° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 95°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 55° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ° ≤ 95°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 56° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 102°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 60° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 108°. In the particular variant, 73° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 102°.

[0163] In one embodiment using three-layer inner and outer strands, 84° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ + 3 α' + β' + γ ' + δ' ≤ 161°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, we advantageously have 84° ≤ 3α + β + γ + δ + 3α' + β' + γ° + δ' ≤ 153°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, we advantageously have 94° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ + 3 α' + β ' + γ ' + δ ' ≤ 151°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 88° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ + 3 α' + β ' + γ ' + δ ' ≤ 153°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'> 1, we advantageously have 101° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ + 3 α' + β ' + γ' + δ ' ≤ 161°. In the particular variant, 130° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 170°.

[0164] In an embodiment using two-layer inner strands and three-layer outer strands, 84° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + γ' + δ' ≤ 136°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, advantageously 84° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + γ' + δ' ≤ 112°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, advantageously 88° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + γ' + δ' ≤ 124°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 96° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + γ' + δ' ≤ 122°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 99° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + γ' + δ' ≤ 136°. In the particular variant, 110° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 150°.

[0165] In one embodiment using three-layer inner strands and two-layer outer strands, 64° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ'≤ 135°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'=1, we advantageously have 64° ≤ 3α + β + γ + δ + 2 α' + β ' + γ' ≤ 117°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'=1, we advantageously have 73° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 131°. In an embodiment in which Q=1 and Q'>1, we advantageously have 68° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 127°. In an embodiment in which Q>1, Q'>1, we advantageously have 80° ≤ 3 α + β + γ + δ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 135°. In the particular variant, 110° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 150°.

[0166] For identical or similar wire diameters used, the angles thus defined make it possible to structurally define the internal layer of the cable and the internal strands of this layer in order to obtain a cable in accordance with the invention which is easy to manufacture industrially by only adjusting the angles of the wires of the layers. In addition, the pitches p1, p1', p2, p2' and p3, p3' in these preferred ranges make it possible to obtain a cable having mechanical properties compatible with pneumatic use, a cost and a relatively low linear mass of the cable.

[0167] The values of the helix angles β, γ, δ, β', γ', δ', as well as those of the pitches p1, p2, p3, p1', p2', p3' allowing to obtain medium modulus cables are identical to those already described above. Architecture of the cables according to the invention

[0168] Advantageously, J=2, 3 or 4, preferably J=3 or 4.

[0169] In one embodiment, L is equal to 7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably L=8, 9 or 10 and more preferably L=8 or 9.

[0170] In a first variant, J=2 and L=7 or 8, preferably J=2, L=7.

[0171] In a second variant, J=3 and L=7, 8 or 9, preferably J=3, L=8 or 9. In the case where L=8, the desaturation of the outer layer of the cable is favored and therefore the penetrability of the cable between the outer strands. In the case where L=9, the number of outer strands is maximized and therefore the breaking strength of the cable.

[0172] In a third variant, J=4 and L=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably J=4, L=9.

[0173] In these embodiments, in particular those where J=3 or 4, there is a risk of seeing a very strong propagation of the corrosive agents between the J=3 or 4 internal strands which delimit a central capillary very favorable to their propagation along the cable, when the cable is insufficiently penetrated. This drawback can be overcome by making the cable penetrable by the elastomer composition which then prevents the corrosive agents from accessing the central capillary, and in the best case where the central capillary is itself penetrated, the propagation of these corrosive agents along the cable.

[0174] Advantageously, the outer layer of the cable is desaturated.

[0175] By definition, a desaturated layer of strands is such that there is sufficient space between the strands to allow the passage of an elastomer composition. A desaturated outer layer of strands means that the outer strands do not touch each other and there is sufficient space between two adjacent outer strands to allow the passage of an elastomer composition to the inner strands. In contrast, a saturated layer of strands is such that there is not enough space between the strands of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition, for example because the strands of the layer touch each other in pairs.

[0176] Advantageously, the inter-strand distance of the outer layer of outer strands defined, on a section of the cable perpendicular to the main axis of the cable, as the shortest distance which separates, on average, the circular envelopes in which two adjacent outer strands are inscribed, is, for a desaturated layer of strands, greater than or equal to 30 µm. Preferably, the average inter-strand distance separating two adjacent outer strands is greater than or equal to 70 µm, more preferably 100 µm, even more preferably 150 µm and very preferably 200 µm.

[0177] As already explained above, the cables according to the invention having an architecture in which J>1, the most severe transverse forces exerted in the cable when it is tensioned are the transverse forces exerted between the internal strands, unlike a cable in which J=1 and in which the most severe transverse forces are the transverse forces exerted by the external strands on the internal strands. In the state of the art, cables are known having an architecture in which J>1 and comprising a number of external strands such that the external layer of the cable is saturated so as to maximize the breaking force by adding a maximum number of external strands. Here, thanks to the desaturation of the external layer of the cable, the cable has, on the one hand, spaces between the external strands allowing the passage of the elastomer composition and therefore making the cable less sensitive to corrosion.On the other hand, although the number of outer strands is reduced, the desaturation of the outer layer of the cable allows the elastomer composition to penetrate, on the one hand, between the outer strands and, on the other hand, between the inner strands so as to form a cushion of elastomer composition absorbing at least partially the transverse forces exerted between the inner strands. Thus, compared to a similar cable having a saturated outer layer of the cable, an equivalent breaking force and a greatly improved corrosion resistance are obtained.

[0178] In one embodiment promoting cable penetrability, the outer layer of the cable is completely unsaturated.

[0179] By definition, a completely unsaturated layer of strands is, as opposed to an incompletely unsaturated layer, such that there is sufficient space in this layer to add at least one (X+1)th strand of the same diameter as the X strands of the layer, several strands then being able to be in contact with each other or not. In this case, there is sufficient space in the outer layer of the cable to add at least one (L+1)th strand of the same diameter as the L outer strands of the outer layer of the cable.

[0180] Thus, advantageously, the sum SIE of the interstrand distances E of the outer layer of the cable is such that SIE ≥ DE. The sum SIE is the sum of the interstrand distances E separating each pair of adjacent strands of the layer. The interstrand distance of a layer is defined, on a section of the cable perpendicular to the main axis of the cable, as the shortest distance which separates, on average, two adjacent strands of the layer. Thus, the interstrand distance E is calculated by dividing the sum SIE by the number of spaces separating the strands of the layer.

[0181] In another embodiment favoring the compromise between penetrability and breaking strength, the outer layer of the cable is incompletely unsaturated.

[0182] An incompletely unsaturated layer of strands is such that there is not enough room in that layer to add at least one (X+1)th strand of the same diameter as the X strands in the layer. In this case, there is not enough room in the outer layer to add at least one (L+1)th outer strand of the same diameter as the L outer strands in the outer layer of the cable.

[0183] By definition, the diameter of the inner layer DI is the diameter of the smallest circle in which the inner strands are circumscribed. The diameter of an outer strand DE is the diameter of the smallest circle in which the outer strand is circumscribed. For relatively high values of DI / DE, the passage of the elastomer composition between the outer strands is more favoured, and, for relatively low values of DI / DE, the architectural stability of the cable is ensured, the breaking force is maximized while allowing the passage of the elastomer composition between the outer strands, the outer diameter of the cable is limited, the thickness of the ply is reduced, therefore the heating, the rolling resistance and the mass of the tire. Internal strands of the cables according to the invention Two-layer internal strands

[0184] In an embodiment favoring the compromise between cable diameter and breaking strength, each internal strand is two-layered and comprises: an inner layer consisting of Q≥1 inner wires, and an outer layer consisting of N>1 outer wires wound around the inner layer.

[0185] Each inner strand is two-layer, that is, it comprises an assembly consisting of two layers of wires, no more and no less, that is, the assembly has two layers of wires, not one, not three, but only two. The outer layer of each strand is wrapped around the inner layer of that strand in contact with the inner layer of that strand.

[0186] In one embodiment, D1 and D2 each range from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm.

[0187] In preferred embodiments, Q=1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0188] In one embodiment, Q=1, N=5 or 6, preferably Q=1, N=6.

[0189] In preferred embodiments allowing to increase the breaking force of the cable compared to the embodiment in which Q=1, Q=2, 3 or 4, preferably Q=3 or 4.

[0190] In these preferred embodiments in which Q>1, in particular those where Q=3 or 4, there is a risk, when the strand is insufficiently penetrated, of seeing a very strong propagation of the corrosive agents between the Q=3 or 4 internal wires which delimit a central capillary very favorable to their propagation along each strand. This drawback can be overcome by making the strand penetrable by the elastomer composition which then prevents the corrosive agents from accessing the central capillary, and in the best case where the central capillary is itself penetrated, the propagation of these corrosive agents along the strand.

[0191] In preferred embodiments wherein Q>1, N=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably N=8, 9 or 10 and more preferably N=8 or 9.

[0192] In a first variant, Q=2 and N=7 or 8, preferably Q=2, N=7.

[0193] In a second variant, Q=3 and N=7, 8 or 9, preferably Q=3, N=8.

[0194] In a third variant, Q=4 and N=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably Q=4, N=9.

[0195] Advantageously, the outer layer of each inner strand is desaturated, preferably completely unsaturated.

[0196] By definition, a desaturated layer of yarns is such that there is sufficient space between the yarns to allow the passage of an elastomer composition. Thus, a desaturated layer means that the yarns of this layer do not touch each other and that there is sufficient space between two adjacent yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition through the layer. In contrast, a saturated layer of yarns is such that there is not enough space between the yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition, for example because the yarns of the layer touch each other two by two.

[0197] Advantageously, the inter-wire distance of the outer layer of each inner strand is greater than or equal to 5 µm. Preferably, the inter-wire distance of the outer layer of each inner strand is greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 µm and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 µm.

[0198] Desaturation of the outer layer of the inner strand advantageously facilitates the passage of the elastomer composition to the center of the inner strand and therefore makes the inner strand less sensitive to corrosion.

[0199] By definition, a completely unsaturated layer of wires is such that there is enough space in this layer to add at least one (X+1)th wire of the same diameter as the X wires of the layer, several wires then being able to be in contact with each other or not. In this case, there is enough space in the outer layer of each inner strand to add at least one (N+1)th outer wire of the same diameter as the N outer wires of the outer layer.

[0200] Complete unsaturation of the outer layer of each inner strand maximizes the penetration of the elastomer composition into each inner strand and therefore makes each inner strand even less susceptible to corrosion.

[0201] Thus, advantageously, the sum SI2 of the inter-wire distances of the outer layer of each inner strand is such that SI2 ≥ D2. The sum SI2 is the sum of the inter-wire distances separating each pair of adjacent wires of the layer. The inter-wire distance of a layer is defined, on a section of the cable perpendicular to the main axis of the cable, as the shortest distance which separates, on average, two adjacent wires of the layer. Thus, the inter-wire distance is calculated by dividing the sum SI2 by the number of spaces separating the wires of the layer.

[0202] In contrast, an incompletely unsaturated layer of threads would be such that there would not be enough space in this layer to add at least one (X+1)th thread of the same diameter as the X' threads of the layer. In this case, there would not be enough space in the outer layer to add at least one (N+1)th outer thread of the same diameter as the N outer threads of the outer layer.

[0203] In preferred embodiments, each inner wire of each inner strand has a diameter D1 greater than or equal to the diameter D2 of each outer wire of each inner strand. The use of diameters such that D1>D2 makes it possible to promote the penetrability of the elastomer composition through the intermediate layer. The use of diameters such that D1=D2 makes it possible to limit the number of different wires to be managed during the manufacture of the cable.

[0204] Advantageously, each internal strand is of the non-rubberized in situ type. By non-rubberized in situ, it is meant that before assembly of the internal layer of the cable and before assembly of the cable, each internal strand is made up of the wires of the different layers and is free of polymer composition, in particular elastomer composition.

[0205] Advantageously, the inner layer of the cable is wound in one direction of the inner layer of the cable and each inner (when Q>1) and outer layer of each inner strand is wound in the same winding direction as the direction of the inner layer of the cable. Three-layer internal strands

[0206] In another particularly advantageous embodiment improving the breaking strength of the cable, each internal strand is three-layered and comprises: an inner layer consisting of Q≥1 inner threads, an intermediate layer consisting of P>1 intermediate threads wound around the inner layer, and an outer layer consisting of N>1 outer threads wound around the intermediate layer.

[0207] Each inner strand is three-layered, that is, it comprises an assembly consisting of three layers of wires, no more and no less, that is, the assembly has three layers of wires, not two, not four, but only three. The outer layer of each strand is wound helically around the middle layer of that strand in contact with the middle layer of that strand. The middle layer of each strand is wound helically around the inner layer of that strand in contact with the inner layer of that strand.

[0208] In one embodiment, D1, D2 and D3 each range from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm.

[0209] In preferred embodiments, Q=1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0210] In one embodiment, Q=1, P=5 or 6 and N=10, 11 or 12, preferably Q=1, P=5 or 6 and N=10 or 11 and more preferably Q=1, P=6 and N=11.

[0211] In preferred embodiments allowing to increase the breaking force of the cable compared to the embodiment in which Q=1, Q=2, 3 or 4, preferably Q=3 or 4.

[0212] In these preferred embodiments in which Q>1, in particular those where Q=3 or 4, there is a risk, when the strand is insufficiently penetrated, of seeing a very strong propagation of the corrosive agents between the Q=3 or 4 internal wires which delimit a central capillary very favorable to their propagation along each strand. This drawback can be overcome by making the strand penetrable by the elastomer composition which then prevents the corrosive agents from accessing the central capillary, and in the best case where the central capillary is itself penetrated, the propagation of these corrosive agents along the strand.

[0213] In preferred embodiments wherein Q>1, Q=2, 3 or 4, P=7, 8, 9 or 10, N=13, 14 or 15, preferably Q=3 or 4, P=8, 9 or 10, N=14 or 15, more preferably Q=3, P=8 or 9 and N=14 or 15 and even more preferably Q=3, P=9 and N=15.

[0214] Advantageously, the intermediate layer of each internal strand is desaturated.

[0215] By definition, a desaturated layer of yarns is such that there is sufficient space between the yarns to allow the passage of an elastomer composition. Thus, a desaturated layer means that the yarns of this layer do not touch each other and that there is sufficient space between two adjacent yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition through the layer. In contrast, a saturated layer of yarns is such that there is not enough space between the yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition, for example because the yarns of the layer touch each other two by two.

[0216] Advantageously, the inter-wire distance of the intermediate layer of each internal strand is greater than or equal to 5 µm. Preferably, the inter-wire distance of the intermediate layer of each internal strand is greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 µm and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 µm.

[0217] The desaturation of the intermediate layer of the internal strand advantageously facilitates the passage of the elastomer composition to the center of each internal strand and therefore makes each internal strand less sensitive to corrosion.

[0218] In an embodiment favoring the compromise between penetrability of each internal strand and breaking strength, the intermediate layer of each internal strand is incompletely unsaturated.

[0219] By definition, an incompletely unsaturated layer of threads is such that there is not enough space in this layer to add at least one (X+1)th thread of the same diameter as the X threads of the layer. In this case, there is not enough space in the intermediate layer to add at least one (P+1)th intermediate thread of the same diameter as the P intermediate threads of the intermediate layer.

[0220] The incomplete unsaturation of the intermediate layer of the inner strand ensures architectural stability of the intermediate layer. In addition, the incomplete unsaturation of the intermediate layer of the inner strand ensures that the inner strand comprises a relatively high number of intermediate wires and therefore has a relatively high breaking strength.

[0221] Thus, advantageously, the sum SI2 of the inter-wire distances of the intermediate layer is such that SI2 < D3 with D3 being the diameter of each external wire of the internal strand, preferably SI2 ≤ 0.8 x D3. The sum SI2 is the sum of the inter-wire distances separating each pair of adjacent wires of the intermediate layer. The inter-wire distance of a layer is defined, on a section of the cable perpendicular to the main axis of the cable, as the shortest distance which separates, on average, two adjacent wires of the layer. Thus, the inter-wire distance is calculated by dividing the sum SI2 by the number of spaces separating the wires of the intermediate layer. The diameter D3 of the external wires of the external layer of the internal strand being preferably greater than the sum SI2, the external wires are prevented from penetrating into the intermediate layer.This ensures good architectural stability, which also reduces the risk of modification of the radial passage windows of the elastomer composition and therefore the risk of degrading the good penetrability of the internal strand.

[0222] In another embodiment promoting the penetrability of each inner strand, the intermediate layer of each inner strand is completely unsaturated.

[0223] By definition, a completely unsaturated layer of wires is such that there is enough space in this layer to add at least one (X+1)th wire of the same diameter as the X wires of the layer, several wires then being able to be in contact with each other or not. In this case, there is enough space in the intermediate layer of each internal strand to add at least one (P+1)th intermediate wire of the same diameter as the P intermediate wires of the intermediate layer.

[0224] Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous in the case where Q=3 and P=8 or Q=4 and P=9 and in the case where D1=D2. Indeed, if we had Q=3 and P=9 or Q=4 and P=10, the intermediate layer, even if desaturated, could, in certain cases, have an inter-wire distance insufficient for satisfactory penetrability of the strand. Advantageously, the external layer of each internal strand is desaturated, preferably completely unsaturated.

[0225] As already stated, by definition, a desaturated layer of yarns is such that there is sufficient space between the yarns to allow the passage of an elastomer composition. Thus, a desaturated layer means that the yarns of this layer do not touch each other and that there is sufficient space between two adjacent yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition through the layer. In contrast, a saturated layer of yarns is such that there is not enough space between the yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition, for example because the yarns of the layer touch each other two by two.

[0226] Advantageously, the inter-wire distance of the outer layer of each inner strand is greater than or equal to 5 µm. Preferably, the inter-wire distance of the outer layer of each inner strand is greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 µm and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 µm.

[0227] Desaturation of the outer layer of each internal strand advantageously facilitates the passage of the elastomer composition to the center of each internal strand and therefore makes each internal strand less sensitive to corrosion.

[0228] By definition, a completely unsaturated layer of wires is such that there is enough space in this layer to add at least one (X+1)th wire of the same diameter as the X wires in the layer, several wires then being able to be in contact with each other or not. In this case, there is enough space in the outer layer of each inner strand to add at least one (N+1)th outer wire of the same diameter as the N outer wires of the outer layer.

[0229] Complete unsaturation of the outer layer of each inner strand maximizes the penetration of the elastomer composition into each inner strand and therefore makes each inner strand even less susceptible to corrosion.

[0230] Thus, advantageously, the sum SI3 of the inter-wire distances of the outer layer of each inner strand is such that SI3 ≥ D3. The sum SI3 is the sum of the inter-wire distances separating each pair of adjacent wires of the outer layer. The inter-wire distance of a layer is defined, on a section of the cable perpendicular to the main axis of the cable, as the shortest distance which separates, on average, two adjacent wires of the layer. Thus, the inter-wire distance is calculated by dividing the sum SI3 by the number of spaces separating the wires of the outer layer.

[0231] In preferred embodiments, each inner wire of each inner strand has a diameter D1 greater than or equal to the diameter D2 of each intermediate wire of each inner strand. The use of diameters such that D1>D2 makes it possible to promote the penetrability of the elastomer composition through the intermediate layer. The use of diameters such that D1=D2 makes it possible to limit the number of different wires to be managed during the manufacture of the cable.

[0232] In preferred embodiments, each inner wire of each inner strand has a diameter D1 greater than or equal to the diameter D3 of each outer wire of each inner strand. The use of diameters such that D1>D3 makes it possible to promote the penetrability of the elastomer composition through the outer layer. The use of diameters such that D1=D3 makes it possible to limit the number of different wires to be managed during the manufacture of the cable.

[0233] In preferred embodiments, each intermediate wire of each inner strand has a diameter D2 equal to the diameter D3 of each outer wire of each inner strand. The use of diameters such that D2=D3 makes it possible to limit the number of different wires to be managed during the manufacture of the cable.

[0234] Advantageously, each internal strand is of the non-rubberized in situ type. By non-rubberized in situ, it is meant that before assembly of the internal layer of the cable and before assembly of the cable, each internal strand is made up of the wires of the different layers and is free of polymer composition, in particular elastomer composition.

[0235] Advantageously, the inner layer of the cable is wound in one direction of the inner layer of the cable and each inner (when Q>1), intermediate and outer layer of each inner strand is wound in the same winding direction as the direction of the inner layer of the cable. External strands of the cables according to the invention Two-layer outer strands

[0236] In an embodiment favoring the compromise between cable diameter and breaking strength, each outer strand is two-layered and comprises: an inner layer consisting of Q'≥1 inner threads, an outer layer consisting of N'>1 outer threads wound around the inner layer.

[0237] Each outer strand is two-layer, that is, it comprises an assembly consisting of two layers of wires, no more and no less, that is, the assembly has two layers of wires, not one, not three, but only two. The outer layer of each strand is wrapped around the inner layer of that strand in contact with the inner layer of that strand.

[0238] In one embodiment, D1' and D2' each range from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm.

[0239] In one embodiment, Q'=1, In this embodiment, N'=5 or 6, preferably N=6.

[0240] In preferred embodiments allowing to increase the breaking force of the cable compared to the embodiment in which Q'=1, Q'=2, 3 or 4, preferably Q'=3 or 4.

[0241] In these preferred embodiments in which Q'>1, in particular those where Q'=3 or 4, there is a risk, when the strand is insufficiently penetrated, of seeing a very strong propagation of the corrosive agents between the Q'=3 or 4 internal wires which delimit a central capillary very favorable to their propagation along each strand. This drawback can be overcome by making the strand penetrable by the elastomer composition which then prevents the corrosive agents from accessing the central capillary, and in the best case where the central capillary is itself penetrated, the propagation of these corrosive agents along the strand.

[0242] In preferred embodiments of the mode wherein Q'>1, N'=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably N'=8, 9 or 10 and more preferably N'=8 or 9.

[0243] In a first variant, Q'=2 and N'=7 or 8, preferably Q'=2, N'=7.

[0244] In a second variant, Q'=3 and N'=7, 8 or 9, preferably Q'=3, N'=8.

[0245] In a third variant, Q'=4 and N'=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably Q'=4, N'=9.

[0246] Advantageously, the outer layer of each outer strand is desaturated, preferably completely unsaturated.

[0247] As already stated, by definition, a desaturated layer of yarns is such that there is sufficient space between the yarns to allow the passage of an elastomer composition. Thus, a desaturated layer means that the yarns of this layer do not touch each other and that there is sufficient space between two adjacent yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition through the layer. In contrast, a saturated layer of yarns is such that there is not enough space between the yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition, for example because the yarns of the layer touch each other two by two.

[0248] Advantageously, the inter-wire distance of the outer layer of each outer strand is greater than or equal to 5 µm. Preferably, the inter-wire distance of the outer layer of each outer strand is greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 µm and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 µm.

[0249] Desaturation of the outer layer of each outer strand advantageously facilitates the passage of the elastomer composition to the center of each outer strand and therefore makes each outer strand less sensitive to corrosion.

[0250] By definition, a completely unsaturated layer of wires is such that there is enough space in this layer to add at least one (X'+1)th wire of the same diameter as the X' wires of the layer, several wires then being able to be in contact with each other or not. In this case, there is enough space in the outer layer of each outer strand to add at least one (N'+1)th outer wire of the same diameter as the N' outer wires of the outer layer.

[0251] Complete unsaturation of the outer layer of each outer strand maximizes the penetration of the elastomer composition into each outer strand and therefore makes each outer strand even less susceptible to corrosion.

[0252] Thus, advantageously, the sum SI2' of the inter-wire distances of the outer layer of each inner strand is such that SI2' ≥ D2'. The sum SI2' is the sum of the inter-wire distances separating each pair of adjacent wires of the layer. The inter-wire distance of a layer is defined, on a section of the cable perpendicular to the main axis of the cable, as the shortest distance which separates, on average, two adjacent wires of the layer. Thus, the inter-wire distance is calculated by dividing the sum SI2' by the number of spaces separating the wires of the layer.

[0253] In contrast, an incompletely unsaturated layer would be such that there would not be enough space in this layer to add at least one (X'+1)th wire of the same diameter as the X' wires of the layer. In this case, there would not be enough space in the outer layer to add at least one (N'+1)th outer wire of the same diameter as the N outer wires of the outer layer.

[0254] In preferred embodiments, each inner wire of each outer strand has a diameter D1' greater than or equal to the diameter D2' of each outer wire of each outer strand. The use of diameters such that D1'>D2' makes it possible to promote the penetrability of the elastomer composition through the outer layer. The use of diameters such that D1'=D2' makes it possible to limit the number of different wires to be managed during the manufacture of the cable.

[0255] Advantageously, each outer strand is of the non-rubberized in situ type. By non-rubberized in situ, it is meant that before assembly of the outer layer of the cable and before assembly of the cable, each outer strand is made up of the wires of the different layers and is free of polymer composition, in particular elastomer composition.

[0256] Advantageously, the outer layer is wound in one direction of the outer layer of the cable and each inner (when Q'>1) and outer layer of each outer strand is wound in the same winding direction as the direction of the outer layer of the cable. Three-layer outer strands

[0257] In another particularly advantageous embodiment improving the breaking strength of the cable, each outer strand is three-layered and comprises: an inner layer consisting of Q'≥1 inner threads, an intermediate layer consisting of P'>1 intermediate threads wound around the inner layer, and an outer layer consisting of N'>1 outer threads wound around the intermediate layer.

[0258] Each outer strand is three-layered, that is, it comprises an assembly consisting of three layers of wires, no more and no less, that is, the assembly has three layers of wires, not two, not four, but only three. The outer layer of each strand is wound helically around the middle layer of that strand in contact with the middle layer of that strand. The middle layer of each strand is wound helically around the inner layer of that strand in contact with the inner layer of that strand.

[0259] In one embodiment, D1', D2' and D3' each range from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm.

[0260] In preferred embodiments, Q'=1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0261] In one embodiment, Q'=1, P'=5 or 6 and N'=10, 11 or 12, preferably Q'=1, P'=5 or 6 and N'=10 or 11 and more preferably Q'=1, P'=6 and N'=11.

[0262] In preferred embodiments allowing to increase the breaking force of the cable compared to the embodiment in which Q'=1, Q'=2, 3 or 4, preferably Q'=3 or 4.

[0263] In these preferred embodiments in which Q'>1, in particular those where Q'=3 or 4, there is a risk, when the strand is insufficiently penetrated, of seeing a very strong propagation of the corrosive agents between the Q'=3 or 4 internal wires which delimit a central capillary very favorable to their propagation along each strand. This drawback can be overcome by making the strand penetrable by the elastomer composition which then prevents the corrosive agents from accessing the central capillary, and in the best case where the central capillary is itself penetrated, the propagation of these corrosive agents along the strand.

[0264] In preferred embodiments wherein Q'>1, Q'=2, 3 or 4, P'=7, 8, 9 or 10, N'=13, 14 or 15, preferably Q'=3 or 4, P'=8, 9 or 10, N'=14 or 15, more preferably Q'=3, P'=8 or 9 and N'=14 or 15 and even more preferably Q'=3, P'=9 and N'=15.

[0265] Advantageously, the intermediate layer of each outer strand is desaturated.

[0266] As already stated, by definition, a desaturated layer of yarns is such that there is sufficient space between the yarns to allow the passage of an elastomer composition. Thus, a desaturated layer means that the yarns of this layer do not touch each other and that there is sufficient space between two adjacent yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition through the layer. In contrast, a saturated layer of yarns is such that there is not enough space between the yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition, for example because the yarns of the layer touch each other two by two.

[0267] Advantageously, the inter-wire distance of the intermediate layer of each outer strand is greater than or equal to 5 µm. Preferably, the inter-wire distance of the intermediate layer of each outer strand is greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 µm and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 µm.

[0268] The desaturation of the intermediate layer of each outer strand advantageously facilitates the passage of the elastomer composition to the center of each outer strand and therefore makes the outer strand less sensitive to corrosion.

[0269] In an embodiment favoring the compromise between penetrability of each outer strand and breaking strength, the intermediate layer of each outer strand is incompletely unsaturated.

[0270] By definition, an incompletely unsaturated layer of threads is such that there is not enough space in this layer to add at least one (X+1)th thread of the same diameter as the X threads of the layer. In this case, there is not enough space in the intermediate layer to add at least one (P'+1)th intermediate thread of the same diameter as the P' intermediate threads of the intermediate layer.

[0271] The incomplete unsaturation of the intermediate layer of each outer strand ensures architectural stability of the intermediate layer. In addition, the incomplete unsaturation of the intermediate layer of each outer strand ensures that each outer strand comprises a relatively high number of intermediate wires and therefore has a relatively high breaking strength.

[0272] Thus, advantageously, the sum SI2' of the inter-wire distances of the intermediate layer is such that SI2' < D3' with D'3 being the diameter of each external wire of each external strand, preferably SI2' ≤ 0.8 x D3'. The sum SI'2 is the sum of the inter-wire distances separating each pair of adjacent wires of the intermediate layer. The inter-wire distance of a layer is defined, on a section of the cable perpendicular to the main axis of the cable, as the shortest distance which separates, on average, two adjacent wires of the layer. Thus, the inter-wire distance is calculated by dividing the sum SI2' by the number of spaces separating the wires of the intermediate layer. The diameter D3' of the external wires of the external layer of each external strand being preferably greater than the sum SI2', the external wires are prevented from penetrating into the intermediate layer.This ensures good architectural stability, which also reduces the risk of modification of the radial passage windows of the elastomer composition and therefore the risk of degrading the good penetrability of each external strand.

[0273] In another embodiment promoting the penetrability of each outer strand, the intermediate layer of each outer strand is completely unsaturated.

[0274] By definition, a completely unsaturated layer of wires is such that there is enough space in this layer to add at least one (X+1)th wire of the same diameter as the X wires of the layer, several wires then being able to be in contact with each other or not. In this case, there is enough space in the intermediate layer of each outer strand to add at least one (P'+1)th intermediate wire of the same diameter as the P' intermediate wires of the intermediate layer.

[0275] Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous in the case where Q'=3 and P'=8 or Q'=4 and P'=9 and in the case where D1'=D2'. Indeed, if we had Q'=3 and P'=9 or Q'=4 and P'=10, the intermediate layer, even if desaturated, could, in certain cases, have an insufficient inter-wire distance for satisfactory penetrability of the strand.

[0276] Advantageously, the outer layer of each outer strand is desaturated, preferably completely unsaturated.

[0277] As already stated, by definition, a desaturated layer of yarns is such that there is sufficient space between the yarns to allow the passage of an elastomer composition. Thus, a desaturated layer means that the yarns of this layer do not touch each other and that there is sufficient space between two adjacent yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition through the layer. In contrast, a saturated layer of yarns is such that there is not enough space between the yarns of the layer to allow the passage of an elastomer composition, for example because the yarns of the layer touch each other two by two.

[0278] Advantageously, the inter-wire distance of the outer layer of each outer strand is greater than or equal to 5 µm. Preferably, the inter-wire distance of the outer layer of each outer strand is greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 µm and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 µm.

[0279] Desaturation of the outer layer of each outer strand advantageously facilitates the passage of the elastomer composition to the center of each outer strand and therefore makes each outer strand less sensitive to corrosion.

[0280] By definition, a completely unsaturated layer of wires is such that there is enough space in this layer to add at least one (X'+1)th wire of the same diameter as the X' wires of the layer, several wires then being able to be in contact with each other or not. In this case, there is enough space in the outer layer of each outer strand to add at least one (N'+1)th outer wire of the same diameter as the N' outer wires of the outer layer.

[0281] Complete unsaturation of the outer layer of each outer strand maximizes the penetration of the elastomer composition into each outer strand and therefore makes each outer strand even less susceptible to corrosion.

[0282] Thus, advantageously, the sum SI3' of the inter-wire distances of the outer layer of each outer strand is such that SI3' ≥ D3'. The sum SI3' is the sum of the inter-wire distances separating each pair of adjacent wires of the outer layer. The inter-wire distance of a layer is defined, on a section of the cable perpendicular to the main axis of the cable, as the shortest distance which separates, on average, two adjacent wires of the layer. Thus, the inter-wire distance is calculated by dividing the sum SI3' by the number of spaces separating the wires of the outer layer.

[0283] In preferred embodiments, each inner wire of each outer strand has a diameter D1' greater than or equal to the diameter D2' of each intermediate wire of each outer strand. The use of diameters such that D1'>D2' makes it possible to promote the penetrability of the elastomer composition through the intermediate layer. The use of diameters such that D1'=D2' makes it possible to limit the number of different wires to be managed during the manufacture of the cable.

[0284] In preferred embodiments, each inner wire of each outer strand has a diameter D1' greater than or equal to the diameter D3' of each outer wire of each outer strand. The use of diameters such that D1'>D3' makes it possible to promote the penetrability of the elastomer composition through the outer layer. The use of diameters such that D1'=D3' makes it possible to limit the number of different wires to be managed during the manufacture of the cable.

[0285] In preferred embodiments, each intermediate wire of each outer strand has a diameter D2' equal to the diameter D3' of each outer wire of each outer strand. The use of diameters such that D2'=D3' makes it possible to limit the number of different wires to be managed during the manufacture of the cable.

[0286] According to the invention, each outer strand is of the non-rubberized in situ type. By non-rubberized in situ, it is meant that before assembly of the outer layer of the cable and before assembly of the cable, each outer strand is made up of the wires of the different layers and is free of polymer composition, in particular elastomer composition.

[0287] Advantageously, the outer layer of the cable is wound in one direction of the outer layer of the cable and each inner (when Q'>1), intermediate and outer layer of each outer strand is wound in the same winding direction as the direction of the outer layer of the cable.

[0288] In one embodiment, the inner layer direction of the cable and the outer layer direction of the cable are opposite. In this embodiment, the risk of possible unwanted slippage of the outer strands in grooves formed between the inner strands due to a crossover between the inner and outer strands is reduced.

[0289] In another embodiment, the direction of the inner layer of the cable and the direction of the outer layer of the cable are the same. In this embodiment, manufacturing is relatively easy because it is not necessary, unlike in the previous embodiment, to differentiate the winding directions between the inner and outer layers of the cable. However, the contacts between the outer wires of the outer layers of the inner and outer strands are relatively long, which can, in certain combinations of pitches, diameters and cable architectures, generate assembly defects due, for example, to unwanted sliding of the outer strands in the grooves formed between the inner strands. PNEUMATIC ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

[0290] Another object of the invention is a tire comprising a cable as defined above.

[0291] The cable is particularly intended for industrial vehicles chosen from heavy vehicles such as "Heavy Goods Vehicles" - i.e., metro, bus, road transport equipment (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-road vehicles -, agricultural or civil engineering equipment, other transport or handling vehicles.

[0292] Preferably, the tire is for a civil engineering type vehicle. The tire has a WRU type dimension in which, in a manner known to those skilled in the art, W denotes: the nominal aspect ratio H / B as defined by ETRTO, when in the form H / B, H being the height of the tyre section and B being the width of the tyre section, H.00 or B.00, when in the form H.00 or B.00, in which H=B, H and B being as defined above, U represents the diameter, in inches, of the seat of the rim on which the tire is intended to be mounted, R designates the type of carcass reinforcement of the tire, here radial. Examples of such dimensions are, for example, 40.00 R 57 or 59 / 80 R 63.

[0293] We preferably have U≥35, more preferably U≥49 and more preferably U≥57.

[0294] Advantageously, the tire comprises a carcass reinforcement anchored in two beads and surmounted radially by a crown reinforcement itself surmounted by a tread, the crown reinforcement being joined to said beads by two sidewalls and comprising at least one cable as defined above.

[0295] Advantageously, the carcass reinforcement comprises at least one carcass ply comprising metallic carcass reinforcing wire elements arranged substantially parallel to each other in the carcass ply, each metallic carcass reinforcing wire element making an angle of between 80° and 90° with the circumferential direction of the tire.

[0296] Advantageously, the crown reinforcement comprises a working reinforcement comprising at least one cable as defined above.

[0297] Advantageously, the working reinforcement comprises at least one working ply comprising metallic working reinforcing wire elements arranged substantially parallel to each other, each metallic working reinforcing wire element making an angle at most equal to 60°, preferably ranging from 15° to 40° with the circumferential direction of the tire and being formed by a cable as defined above.

[0298] In an advantageous embodiment, the working reinforcement comprises at least first and second working plies, each first and second working ply respectively comprising first and second working metallic reinforcing wire elements arranged substantially parallel to each other in each first and second working ply, each first and second working metallic reinforcing wire element making an angle at most equal to 60°, preferably ranging from 15° to 40° with the circumferential direction of the tire and being formed by a cord as defined above.

[0299] Advantageously, the crown reinforcement comprises a protective reinforcement comprising at least one protective ply comprising protective metallic reinforcing wire elements arranged substantially parallel to each other, each protective metallic reinforcing wire element making an angle at least equal to 10°, preferably ranging from 10° to 35° and preferentially from 15° to 30° with the circumferential direction of the tire.

[0300] In an advantageous embodiment, the protective reinforcement comprises first and second protective plies, each first and second protective plies respectively comprising first and second protective metallic reinforcing wire elements arranged substantially parallel to each other in each first and second protective ply, each first and second protective metallic reinforcing wire element making an angle at least equal to 10°, preferably ranging from 10° to 35° and preferentially from 15° to 30° with the circumferential direction of the tire.

[0301] In a preferred embodiment, the protective reinforcement is radially interposed between the tread and the working reinforcement.

[0302] Advantageously, the crown reinforcement comprises an additional reinforcement comprising at least one additional ply comprising additional metallic reinforcing wire elements arranged substantially parallel to each other in the additional ply, each additional metallic reinforcing wire element making an angle at most equal to 10°, preferably ranging from 5° to 10° with the circumferential direction of the tire.

[0303] In an advantageous embodiment, the additional reinforcement comprises first and second additional plies, each first and second additional ply respectively comprising first and second additional metallic reinforcing wire elements arranged substantially parallel to each other in each first and second additional ply, each first and second additional metallic reinforcing wire element making an angle at most equal to 10°, preferably ranging from 5° to 10° with the circumferential direction of the tire.

[0304] The invention will be better understood upon reading the following description, given solely as a non-limiting example and with reference to the drawings in which: there figure 1 is a sectional view perpendicular to the circumferential direction of a tire according to the invention; the figure 2 is a detailed view of zone II of the figure 1; there figure 3 is a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the axis of the cable (assumed to be rectilinear and at rest) of a cable according to a first embodiment of the invention; figure 4 is a graph illustrating the force-elongation curve of the cable of the figure 3 according to the first embodiment, the Figure 5 is a graph analogous to that of the figure 4 of a cable according to a second embodiment, the figure 6 is a view analogous to that of the figure 3 of a cable according to a third embodiment of the invention, the figure 7 is a graph analogous to that of the figure 4 of the cable according to the third embodiment, and the figures 8 , 9 And 10 are views analogous to that of the figure 3 of cables respectively according to eighth, fifteenth and twenty-second embodiments. EXAMPLE OF A TIRE ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

[0305] In the figures, a reference X, Y, Z is shown corresponding to the usual axial (X), radial (Y) and circumferential (Z) orientations of a tire.

[0306] The “median circumferential plane” M of the tire is the plane which is normal to the axis of rotation of the tire and which is located equidistant from the annular reinforcement structures of each bead and passes through the middle of the crown reinforcement.

[0307] It has been represented on the Figures 1 and 2 a tire according to the invention and designated by the general reference 10.

[0308] The 10 tire is for heavy vehicles of the civil engineering type, for example of the “dumper” type. Thus, the 10 tire has a dimension of type 53 / 80R63.

[0309] The tire 10 comprises a crown 12 reinforced by a crown reinforcement 14, two sidewalls 16 and two beads 18, each of these beads 18 being reinforced with an annular structure, here a bead wire 20. The crown reinforcement 14 is radially surmounted by a tread 22 and joined to the beads 18 by the sidewalls 16. A carcass reinforcement 24 is anchored in the two beads 18, and is here wound around the two bead wires 20 and comprises a turn-up 26 arranged towards the outside of the tire 20 which is here shown mounted on a rim 28. The carcass reinforcement 24 is radially surmounted by the crown reinforcement 14.

[0310] The carcass reinforcement 24 comprises at least one carcass ply 30 comprising metallic carcass reinforcing wire elements 31 arranged substantially parallel to each other in the carcass ply 30 and extending from one bead 18 to the other so as to make an angle of between 80° and 90° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire 10.

[0311] The tire 10 also comprises a sealing ply 32 made of an elastomer (commonly called inner rubber) which defines the radially inner face 34 of the tire 10 and which is intended to protect the carcass ply 30 from the diffusion of air coming from the space inside the tire 10.

[0312] The crown reinforcement 14 comprises, radially from the outside to the inside of the tire 10, a protective reinforcement 36 arranged radially inside the tread 22, a working reinforcement 38 arranged radially inside the protective reinforcement 36 and an additional reinforcement 50 arranged radially inside the working reinforcement 38. The protective reinforcement 36 is thus radially interposed between the tread 22 and the working reinforcement 38. The working reinforcement 38 is radially interposed between the protective reinforcement 36 and the additional reinforcement 50.

[0313] The protective reinforcement 36 comprises first and second protective plies 42, 44, the first ply 42 being arranged radially inside the second ply 44. Each first and second protective ply 42, 44 respectively comprises first and second protective metallic reinforcing wire elements 43, 45 arranged substantially parallel to each other in each first and second protective ply 42, 44. Each first and second protective metallic reinforcing wire element 43, 45 makes an angle at least equal to 10°, preferably ranging from 10° to 35° and preferentially from 15° to 30° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire.

[0314] The working reinforcement 38 comprises first and second working plies 46, 48, the first ply 46 being arranged radially inside the second ply 48. Each ply 46, 48 comprises at least one cable 60. Each first and second working ply 46, 48 respectively comprises first and second working metal reinforcing wire elements 47, 49 arranged substantially parallel to each other in each first and second working ply 46, 48. Each first and second working metal reinforcing wire element 47, 49 is here formed by a cable 60 described below. Each first and second working metallic reinforcing wire element 47, 49 makes an angle at most equal to 60°, preferably ranging from 15° to 40° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire 10. Optionally, the first and second working metallic reinforcing wire elements 47, 49 are crossed from one working ply to the other.

[0315] The additional reinforcement 50, also called a limiting block, the function of which is to partially absorb the mechanical stresses of inflation, comprises first and second additional plies 52, 54, each first and second additional ply 52, 54 respectively comprising first and second additional metallic reinforcing wire elements 53, 55 arranged substantially parallel to each other in each first and second additional ply 52, 54. Each first and second additional metallic reinforcing wire element 53, 55 makes an angle at most equal to 10°, preferably ranging from 5° to 10° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire 10. The additional metallic reinforcing wire elements are for example as described in FR 2 419 181 or FR 2 419 182. CABLE ACCORDING TO A FIRST EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0316] It has been represented on the figure 3 the cable 60 according to a first embodiment of the invention.

[0317] The cable 60 is metallic and is of the multi-strand type with two cylindrical layers. Thus, it is understood that the layers of strands constituting the cable 60 are two in number, neither more nor less. The layers of strands are adjacent and concentric. The cable 60 is devoid of polymeric composition and elastomer composition when it is not integrated into the tire.

[0318] The cable 60 comprises an inner layer CI of the cable 60 as well as an outer layer CE of the cable 60. The inner layer CI consists of J>1 inner strands TI, i.e. several inner strands TI, wound in a helix. The outer layer CE consists of L>1 outer strands, i.e. several outer strands TE wound in a helix around the inner layer CI. In this case, J=2, 3 or 4, preferably J=3 or 4. In addition, L=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably L=8, 9 or 10. With J=3, L=7, 8 or 9 and in this case and here J=3, L=8.

[0319] Cable 60 also includes an F fret consisting of a single fret wire.

[0320] The inner layer CI is wound in a helix according to a winding direction of the inner layer of the cable, here the direction S. The inner strands TI are wound in a helix according to a pitch PI such that 10 mm ≤ PI ≤ 65 mm and preferably 10 mm ≤ PI ≤ 45 mm. Here PI = 15 mm. The helix angle α of each inner strand TI in the inner layer CI of the very low modulus 60 cable ranges from 3° to 42° and in this case α = 19.8°.

[0321] The outer layer CE is wound helically around the inner layer CI in a winding direction of the outer layer of the cable opposite to the winding direction of the inner layer of the cable, here the Z direction. The outer strands TE are wound helically around the inner strand TI in a pitch PE such that 30 mm ≤ PE ≤ 65 mm and preferably 30 mm ≤ PE ≤ 60 mm. Here PE=40 mm. The helix angle α' of each outer strand TE in the outer layer CE of the cable 60 ranges from 7° to 38°, and, in the case of the very low modulus cable 60, from 13° to 38° and in this case α'=20.0°.

[0322] The hoop F is wound around the outer layer CE in a winding direction of the hoop, here opposite to the winding direction of the outer layer CE, in this case in the direction S. The hoop wire is wound helically around the outer strands TE in a pitch PF such that 2 mm ≤ PF ≤ 10 mm and preferably 3 mm ≤ PF ≤ 8 mm. Here pf=5.1 mm.

[0323] The assembly consisting of the inner CI and outer CE layers, i.e. the cable 60 without the band F, has a diameter D greater than or equal to 4 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 4.5 mm and less than or equal to 7 mm, preferably less than or equal to 6.5 mm. Here, D=6.1 mm.

[0324] The inner layer CI of inner strands TI has a diameter DI. Each outer strand TE has a diameter DE. In this case, DI=3.18 mm, DE=1.46 mm.

[0325] The outer layer CE of the cable 60 is desaturated and completely unsaturated. The average inter-strand distance E separating two adjacent outer strands TE is therefore greater than or equal to 30 µm. Preferably, the average inter-strand distance E separating two adjacent outer strands TE is greater than or equal to 70 µm, more preferably 100 µm, even more preferably 150 µm and very preferably 200 µm. Here, E=241 µm. The sum SIE of the inter-wire distances E of the outer layer CE is greater than the diameter DE of the outer strands of the outer layer CE. Here, the sum SIE=8 x 0.241=1.93 mm, a value strictly greater than DE=1.46 mm. Internal TI strands of cable 60

[0326] Each TI inner strand is two-layer. Each TI inner strand is, here, made up of, two layers, no more, no less.

[0327] Each inner strand TI comprises an inner layer C1 made up of Q≥1 inner wires F1 and an outer layer C2 made up of N>1 outer wires F2 wound helically around and in contact with the inner layer C1.

[0328] Q=2, 3 or 4, preferably Q=3 or 4. N=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably N=8, 9 or 10. With Q=3, N=7, 8 or 9 and in this case Q=3, N=8.

[0329] The inner layer C1 of each inner strand TI is wound in a helix according to a winding direction of the inner layer C1 of the inner strand TI identical to the winding direction of the inner layer CI of the cable, here according to the direction S. The Q inner wires F1 are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p1 such that 2 mm ≤ p1 ≤ 20 mm. Here p1 = 3 mm. The helix angle β of each inner wire F1 in the inner layer C1 within each inner strand TI ranges from 4° to 25°, here β = 23.4°.

[0330] The outer layer C2 of each inner strand TI is wound around and in contact with the inner layer C1 in a winding direction of the outer layer C2 of the inner strand TI identical to the winding direction of the inner layer CI of the cable, here in the direction S. The N outer wires F2 are wound helically around the Q inner wires F1 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 4 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 40 mm. Here p2 = 6 mm. The helix angle γ of each outer wire F2 in the outer layer C2 within each inner strand TI ranges from 6° to 31°, here γ = 30.2°.

[0331] We have 11° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 110° and as Q>1, 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 110°. In the embodiment of the very low modulus 60 cable with Q>1, 23° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 110°. In this case, 2α + β + γ=93.2°.

[0332] Each inner wire F1 and outer wire F2 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D1, D2 respectively. Each diameter of the inner wires D1 and outer wires D2 of each inner strand TI ranges from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm. Each inner wire F1 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D1 greater than or equal to, here equal to, the diameter D2 of each outer wire F2 of each inner strand TI. In this case, D1=D2=0.35 mm.

[0333] Due to the relatively short pitch p2, the outer layer C2 of each inner strand TI is desaturated and incompletely unsaturated. The inter-wire distance I2 of the outer layer C2 separating on average the N outer wires is greater than or equal to 5 µm. The inter-wire distance I2 is preferably greater than or equal to 15 µm and here equal to 29 µm. The sum SI2 of the inter-wire distances I2 of the outer layer C2 is greater than the diameter d2 of the outer wires F2 of the outer layer C2. Here, the sum SI2 = 8 x 0.029 = 0.23 mm, a value strictly less than D2 = 0.35 mm.

[0334] We also have 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa and in the embodiment of the cable 60 with very low modulus 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa. Here, the internal layer has a relatively low modulus, we have 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa. In this case, El = 53 GPa. External TE strands of cable 60

[0335] Each TE outer strand is two-layer. Thus, each TE outer strand comprises, here is made up of, two layers, no more, no less.

[0336] Each outer strand TE comprises an inner layer C1' consisting of Q'≥1 inner wires F1' and an outer layer C2' consisting of N'>1 outer wires F2' wound helically around and in contact with the inner layer C1'.

[0337] Q'=2, 3 or 4, preferably Q'=3 or 4. N'=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably N'=8, 9 or 10. With Q'=3, N'=7, 8 or 9 and in this case Q'=3, N'=8.

[0338] The inner layer C1' of each outer strand TE is wound helically in a winding direction of the inner layer C1' of the outer strand TE identical to the winding direction of the outer layer CE of the cable, here in the Z direction. The Q' inner wires F1' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p1' such that 2 mm ≤ p1' ≤ 20 mm, preferably 5 mm ≤ p1' ≤ 20 mm. Here p1'=10 mm. The helix angle β' of each inner wire F1' in the inner layer C1' within each outer strand TE ranges from 4° to 25°, preferably from 4° to 17°, here β'=7.3°.

[0339] The outer layer C2' of each outer strand TE is wound around and in contact with the inner layer C1' according to a winding direction of the outer layer C2' of the outer strand TE identical to the winding direction of the outer layer CE of the cable, here according to the Z direction. The N' outer wires F2' are wound helically around the Q' inner wires F1' and are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 4 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 40 mm. Here p2'=20 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F2' in the outer layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 5° to 31°, here γ'=9.8°.

[0340] We have 23° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 97° and as Q'>1, 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 97° and, in the embodiment of the very low modulus cable 60, 43° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 97°. In this case, 2α' + β' + γ'=57.1°.

[0341] Each inner wire F1' and outer wire F2' of each outer strand TE has a diameter D1', D2' respectively. Each diameter of the inner wires D1' and outer wires D2' of each outer strand TE ranges from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm. Each Q' inner wire F1' of each outer strand TI' has a diameter D1' greater than or equal to, here equal to, the diameter D2' of each outer wire F2' of each outer strand TE. In this case, D1'=D2'=0.35 mm.

[0342] The outer layer C2' of each outer strand TE is desaturated and completely unsaturated. The inter-wire distance I2' of the outer layer C2' separating on average the N' outer wires is greater than or equal to 5 µm. The inter-wire distance I2' is preferably greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 µm and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 µm and here equal to 69 µm. The sum SI2' of the inter-wire distances I2' of the outer layer C2' is greater than the diameter D2 of the outer wires F2' of the outer layer C2'. Here, the sum SI2'=8 x 0.069=0.55 mm, a value strictly greater than D2'=0.35 mm.

[0343] Each wire F1, F2, F1', F2' has a breaking strength, denoted Rm, such that 2500 ≤ Rm ≤ 3100 MPa. The steel of these wires is said to be of SHT ("Super High Tensile") grade. Other wires may be used, for example wires of lower grades, for example NT ("Normal Tensile") or HT ("High Tensile") grades, as well as wires of higher grades, for example UT ("Ultra Tensile") or MT ("Mega Tensile") grades.

[0344] We have 51° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 184° and as Q>1 and Q'>1, 68° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 184° . In the very low modulus 60 cable embodiment, 85° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 184° and as Q>1 and Q'>1, 110° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ'≤ 184° . In this case 2 α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ'=150.3°.

[0345] We have 1.21 ≤ EC / EI, preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 3.00 and here EC / El=1.62.

[0346] We also have 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa and in the embodiment of the very low modulus cable 60, 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 89 GPa. Here EC=86 GPa. METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE CABLE ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

[0347] The cable according to the invention is manufactured using a method comprising steps well known to those skilled in the art.

[0348] In a manufacturing stage of the internal strands using the following stages, preferably carried out in line and continuously: firstly, a first assembly step by twisting the Q internal threads F1 of the internal layer C1 at pitch p1 and in the direction S to form the internal layer C1 at a first assembly point; followed by a second assembly step by twisting the N external threads F2 around the N internal threads F1 of the internal layer C1 at pitch p2 and in the direction S to form the external layer C2 and each internal strand TI at a second assembly point; preferably a final twist balancing step.

[0349] In a manufacturing stage of the external strands using the following stages preferably operated in line and continuously: firstly, a first assembly step by twisting the Q' internal threads F1' of the internal layer C1' at pitch p1' and in the Z direction to form the internal layer C1' at a first assembly point; followed by a second assembly step by twisting the N' external threads F2' around the N' internal threads F1' of the internal layer C1' at pitch p2' and in the Z direction to form the external layer C2' and each external strand TE at a second assembly point; preferably a final twist balancing step.

[0350] By "torsion balancing" is meant here, in a manner well known to those skilled in the art, the cancellation of residual torsional torques (or elastic return of torsion) exerted on each wire of the strand, in the intermediate layer as in the external layer.

[0351] After this final twist balancing step, the manufacturing of each strand is complete. Each strand is wound onto one or more receiving reels for storage, before the subsequent operation of assembling the elementary strands to obtain the multi-strand cable.

[0352] For the manufacture of the multi-strand cable of the invention, the procedure is well known to those skilled in the art, by cabling the strands previously obtained, using cabling machines sized to assemble strands.

[0353] In a step of manufacturing the inner layer CI, the Q inner strands TI are assembled by cabling at the pitch PI and in the direction S to form the inner layer CI at a first assembly point. In the embodiments in which the pitch PI is relatively short and therefore in which α is relatively high, the Q inner strands TI are assembled by twisting in order to limit the risk of instability of the inner layer CI of the strands TI.

[0354] Then, in a subsequent manufacturing step, the L outer TE strands are assembled by cabling around the inner CI layer at the PE pitch and in the Z direction to form the assembly of the CI and CE layers. In the embodiments in which the PE pitch is relatively short and therefore in which α' is relatively high, the L outer TE strands are assembled by twisting in order to limit the risk of instability of the CE outer layer of the TE strands.

[0355] In a final manufacturing step, the hoop F is wound at pitch PF in direction S around the previously obtained assembly.

[0356] The cable is then incorporated by calendering into composite fabrics formed from a known composition based on natural rubber and carbon black as a reinforcing filler, conventionally used for the manufacture of crown reinforcements of radial tires. This composition essentially comprises, in addition to the elastomer and the reinforcing filler (carbon black), an antioxidant, stearic acid, an extender oil, cobalt naphthenate as an adhesion promoter, and finally a vulcanization system (sulfur, accelerator, ZnO).

[0357] The composite fabrics reinforced by these cables comprise an elastomeric composition matrix formed by two thin layers of elastomeric composition which are superimposed on either side of the cables and which respectively have a thickness of between 1 and 4 mm inclusive. The calendering pitch (cable laying pitch in the elastomeric composition fabric) ranges from 4 mm to 8 mm.

[0358] These composite fabrics are then used as a working ply in the crown reinforcement during the tire manufacturing process, the steps of which are otherwise known to those skilled in the art. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 2ND EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0359] A low modulus cable 61 according to a second embodiment of the invention will be described. Elements similar to the first embodiment are designated by identical references.

[0360] Among the differences between cables 60 and 61, it will be noted that low modulus cable 61 is such that the helix angle α ranges from 3° to 36° and in this case α=10° and that the helix angle α' ranges from 9° to 27° and in this case α'=16.1°.

[0361] It will also be noted, in the case of the low modulus 61 cable, 13° ≤ 2α + β + y ≤ 110° and as Q>1, 16° ≤ 2α + β + y ≤ 110°. In this case, 2α + β + y=46.2°.

[0362] It will also be noted that, in the embodiment of the low modulus cable 61, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 64 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. The inner layer having a relatively high modulus, we have 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. In this case, EI = 148 GPa.

[0363] It should also be noted that, in the case of the low modulus 61 cable, 31° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 71° and as Q'>1, 39° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 71°. In this case, 2α' + β' + γ'=54.3°.

[0364] It should also be noted that, in the case of the low modulus 61 cable, 65° ≤ 2 α + β + γ +2α'+ β' + γ' ≤ 153° and as Q>1 and Q'>1, 79° ≤ 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 153°. In this case 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ'=100.5°.

[0365] Note that 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20 and here EC / EI=0.86.

[0366] It will be noted that, in the embodiment of the low modulus cable 61, 90 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 130 GPa. Here EC=127 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 3RD EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0367] It has been represented on the figure 6 a medium-module cable 62 according to a third embodiment of the invention. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0368] Among the differences between cables 60 and 62, it will be noted that the helix angle α of each inner strand TI in the inner layer CI of the medium modulus cable 62 ranges from 3° to 24° and in this case α=9.1°. It will also be noted that the helix angle α' of each outer strand TE in the outer layer CE of the medium modulus cable 62 ranges from 7° to 22° and in this case α'=16.2°.

[0369] It should also be noted that, in the case of the medium modulus 62 cable, 11° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 64° and as Q>1, 16° ≤ 2α + β + y ≤ 63° and in this case, 2α + β + y=29.6°.

[0370] It will also be noted that, in the embodiment of the medium modulus cable 62, 78 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 100 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. Here, the internal layer has a relatively high modulus, we have 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa and in this case, El = 173 GPa.

[0371] It will also be noted that, in the embodiment of the medium modulus cable 62, 23° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 58° and as Q'>1, 27° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 58°. In this case, 2α' + β' + γ'=49.5°.

[0372] It will also be noted that, in the embodiment of the medium modulus cable 62, 45° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 2 α' + β ' + γ' ≤ 108° and as Q>1 and Q'>1, 60° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 2 α' + β ' + γ' ≤ 108°. In this case 2α + β + γ + 2α' + β' + γ'=79.1°.

[0373] It should also be noted that 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20, preferably 0.80 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.15 and here, EC / EI=0.86.

[0374] It will be noted that, in the embodiment of the medium modulus cable 62, 131 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa. Here EC=149 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 4TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0375] A very low modulus cable 63 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0376] Among the differences between cables 60 and 63, it will be noted that, the internal layer having a relatively high modulus, we have 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa. In this case, El = 158 GPa.

[0377] It should also be noted that EC / EI ≤ 0.59, preferably 0.40 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 0.59 and here EC / EI=0.50. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 5TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0378] A very low modulus cable 64 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0379] Among the differences between cables 62 and 64, it will be noted that cable 64 is such that J=4 and L=9 and that each wire F1, F1', F2, F2' is such that D1=D1'=D2=D2'=0.40 mm. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 6TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0380] A low modulus cable 65 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0381] Among the differences between cables 61 and 65, it should be noted that, the internal layer having a relatively low modulus, we have 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa and in this case, EI=59 GPa.

[0382] It will also be noted that, in the embodiment of the cable 65, 1.21 ≤ EC / EI, preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 3.00 and here EC / EI=1.63. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 7TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0383] A medium-module cable 66 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0384] Among the differences between cables 62 and 66, it will be noted that cable 66 is such that J=4 and L=10 and that each wire F1, F1', F2, F2' is such that its diameter D1, D1', D2, D2' ranges from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm and here D1=D1'=D2=D2'=0.35 mm. CABLE ACCORDING TO AN 8TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0385] It has been represented on the figure 8 the cable 160 according to an eighth embodiment of the invention.

[0386] The cable 160 is metallic and is of the multi-strand type with two cylindrical layers. Thus, it is understood that the layers of strands constituting the cable 160 are two in number, neither more nor less. The layers of strands are adjacent and concentric. The cable 160 is devoid of polymeric composition and elastomer composition when it is not integrated into the tire.

[0387] The cable 160 comprises an inner layer CI of the cable 160 and an outer layer CE of the cable 160. The inner layer CI consists of J>1 inner strands TI, i.e., several inner strands TI, wound helically. The outer layer CE consists of L>1 outer strands, i.e., several outer strands TE wound helically around the inner layer CI. In this case, J=2, 3 or 4, preferably J=3 or 4. In addition, L=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably L=8, 9 or 10. With J=3, L=7, 8 or 9 and in this case and here J=3, L=8.

[0388] The 160 cable also includes an F fret made from a single fret wire.

[0389] The inner layer CI is wound in a helix according to a winding direction of the inner layer of the cable, here the direction S. The inner strands TI are wound in a helix according to a pitch PI such that 10 mm ≤ PI ≤ 65 mm and preferably 10 mm ≤ PI ≤ 45 mm. Here PI = 20 mm. The helix angle α of each inner strand TI in the inner layer CI of the cable 160 ranges from 4° to 41° and in the embodiment of the low modulus cable 160 from 4° to 31°, in this case α = 13.4°.

[0390] The outer layer CE is wound helically around the inner layer CI in a winding direction of the outer layer of the cable opposite to the winding direction of the inner layer of the cable, here the Z direction. The outer strands TE are wound helically around the inner strand TI in a pitch PE such that 30 mm ≤ PE ≤ 65 mm and preferably 30 mm ≤ PE ≤ 60 mm. Here PE=40 mm. The helix angle α' of each outer strand TE in the outer layer CE of the cable 160 ranges from 13° to 36° and in the embodiment of the low modulus cable 160 from 13° to 32°, in this case α'=19.1°.

[0391] The hoop F is wound around the outer layer CE in a winding direction of the hoop, here opposite to the winding direction of the outer layer CE, in this case in the direction S. The hoop wire is wound helically around the outer strands TE in a pitch PF such that 2 mm ≤ PF ≤ 10 mm and preferably 3 mm ≤ PF ≤ 8 mm. Here pf=5.1 mm.

[0392] The assembly consisting of the inner CI and outer CE layers, i.e. the cable 160 without the band F, has a diameter D greater than or equal to 4 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 4.5 mm and less than or equal to 7 mm, preferably less than or equal to 6.5 mm. Here, D=6 mm.

[0393] The inner layer CI of inner strands TI has a diameter DI. Each outer strand TE has a diameter DE. In this case, DI=2.83 mm, DE=1.58 mm.

[0394] The outer layer CE of the 160 cable is desaturated and incompletely unsaturated. Here, the average inter-strand distance E separating two adjacent outer strands TE is such that E=29 µm. The sum SIE of the inter-wire distances E of the outer layer CE is less than the diameter DE of the outer strands of the outer layer CE. Here, the sum SIE=8 x 0.029=0.23 mm, a value strictly less than DE=1.58 mm. Internal TI strands of cable 160

[0395] Each TI inner strand is three-ply. Each TI inner strand is, here, made up of, three layers, no more, no less.

[0396] Each inner strand TI comprises an inner layer C1 consisting of Q≥1 inner wires F1, an intermediate layer C2 consisting of P>1 inner wires F2 wound helically around and in contact with the inner layer C1 and an outer layer C3 consisting of N>1 outer wires F3 wound helically around and in contact with the intermediate layer C2.

[0397] Q=1, P=5 or 6 and N=10, 11 or 12, preferably Q=1, P=5 or 6, N=10 or 11 and more preferably here Q=1, P=6 and N=11.

[0398] In the case where Q>1, the inner layer C1 of each inner strand TI is wound in a helix according to a winding direction of the inner layer C1 of the inner strand TI identical to the winding direction of the inner layer CI of the cable, here according to the direction S. Here, the Q=1 inner wire F1 is assembled within each inner strand TI according to an infinite pitch so that β=0.

[0399] The intermediate layer C2 of each inner strand TI is wound around and in contact with the inner layer C1 in a winding direction of the intermediate layer C2 of the inner strand TI identical to the winding direction of the inner layer CI of the cable, here in the direction S. The P intermediate wires F2 are wound in a helix around the Q=1 inner wire F1 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 5 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 20 mm. Here p2=7.7 mm. The helix angle δ of each intermediate wire F2 in the intermediate layer C2 within each inner strand TI ranges from 6° to 30°, here δ=12.2°.

[0400] The outer layer C3 of each inner strand TI is wound around and in contact with the intermediate layer C2 in a winding direction of the outer layer C3 of the inner strand TI identical to the winding direction of the inner layer CI of the cable, here in the direction S. The N outer wires F3 are wound helically around the P intermediate wires F2 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p3 such that 10 mm ≤ p3 ≤ 40 mm. Here p3 = 15.4 mm. The helix angle γ of each outer wire F3 in the outer layer C3 within each inner strand TI ranges from 7° to 30°, here γ = 12.1 °.

[0401] We have 25° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ ≤ 158° and here as Q=1, 25° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ ≤ 140° . In this case, in this first embodiment of the low modulus 160 cable, 25° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ ≤ 125° and here as Q=1, 25° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ≤ 120° . In the case of cable 160, 3α + β + δ + γ =64.5°.

[0402] Each inner wire F1, intermediate wire F2 and outer wire F3 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D1, D2, D3 respectively. Each diameter of the inner wires D1, intermediate wire D2 and outer wires D3 of each inner strand TI ranges from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm. Each inner wire F1 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D1 greater than or equal to, here equal to, the diameter D2 of each intermediate wire F2 of each inner strand TI. Each inner wire F1 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D1 greater than or equal to, here equal to, the diameter D3 of each outer wire F3 of each inner strand TI. Each intermediate wire F2 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D2 equal to the diameter D3 of each outer wire F3 of each inner strand TI. In this case, D1=D2=D3=0.26 mm.

[0403] The intermediate layer C2 of each internal strand TI is saturated. Here the distance I2 is approximately equal to 0.

[0404] The outer layer C3 of each inner strand TI is desaturated and completely unsaturated. The inter-wire distance I3 of the outer layer C3 separating on average the N outer wires is greater than or equal to 5 µm. The inter-wire distance I3 is preferably greater than or equal to 15 µm and here equal to 30 µm. The sum SI3 of the inter-wire distances I3 of the outer layer C3 is greater than the diameter D3 of the outer wires F3 of the outer layer C3. Here, the sum SI3 = 11 x 0.030 = 0.33 mm, a value strictly greater than D2 = 0.26 mm.

[0405] We also have 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa and in the embodiment of the low modulus cable 160 25 GPa ≤ EI ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 64 GPa ≤ EI ≤ 180 GPa. Here, the inner layer has a relatively high modulus, we have 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. In this case, El = 147 GPa. TE external strands of cable 160

[0406] Each TE outer strand is three-layered. Thus, each TE outer strand comprises, here is made up of, three layers, no more, no less.

[0407] Each outer strand TE comprises an inner layer C1' consisting of Q'≥1 inner wires F1', an intermediate layer C2' consisting of P'>1 inner wires F2' wound helically around and in contact with the inner layer C1' and an outer layer C3' consisting of N'>1 outer wires F3' wound helically around and in contact with the intermediate layer C2'.

[0408] Q'=1, P'=5 or 6 and N'=10, 11 or 12, preferably Q'=1, P'=5 or 6, N'=10 or 11 and more preferably here Q'=1, P'=6 and N'=11.

[0409] In the case where Q'>1, the inner layer C1' of each outer strand TE is wound in a helix according to a winding direction of the inner layer C1' of the outer strand TE identical to the winding direction of the outer layer CE of the cable, here according to the Z direction. Here, the Q'=1 inner wire F1' is assembled within each outer strand TE at an infinite pitch p1' so that β'=0.

[0410] The intermediate layer C2' of each outer strand TE is wound around and in contact with the inner layer C1' according to a winding direction of the intermediate layer C2' of the outer strand TE identical to the winding direction of the outer layer CE of the cable, here according to the Z direction. The P' intermediate wires F2' are wound helically around the Q'=1 inner wire F1' and are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 5 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 20 mm. Here p2'=7.7 mm. The helix angle δ' of each intermediate wire F2' in the intermediate layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 6° to 22°, here δ'=15.5°.

[0411] The outer layer C3' of each outer strand TE is wound around and in contact with the intermediate layer C2' according to a winding direction of the outer layer C3' of the outer strand TE identical to the winding direction of the outer layer CE of the cable, here according to the Z direction. The N' outer wires F3' are wound helically around the P' intermediate wires F2' and are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p3' such that 10 mm ≤ p3' ≤ 40 mm. Here p3'=15.4 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F3' in the outer layer C3' within each outer strand TE ranges from 7° to 22°, here γ'=14.6°.

[0412] We have 48° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 154° and here as Q'=1, 48° ≤ 3α' + β ' + δ ' + γ' ≤ 145° . In this case, in this first embodiment of the low modulus cable 160, 54° ≤ 3 α'+ β ' + δ' + γ' ≤ 123° and here as Q'=1, 54° ≤ 3 α'+ β ' + δ ' + γ' ≤ 118° . In the case of cable 160, 3α' + β' + δ' + y'=87.4°.

[0413] Each inner wire F1', intermediate wire F2' and outer wire F3' of each outer strand TE has a diameter D1', D2', D3' respectively. Each diameter of the inner wires D1', intermediate wires D2' and outer wires D3' of each outer strand TE ranges from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm. Each Q' inner wire F1' of each outer strand TI' has a diameter D1' greater than or equal to the diameter D2' of each intermediate wire F2' of each outer strand TE. Each Q' inner wire F1' of each outer strand TE has a diameter D1' greater than or equal to the diameter D3' of each outer wire F3' of each outer strand TE. Each N' intermediate wire F2' of each external strand TE has a diameter D2' equal to the diameter D3' of each external wire F3' of each external strand TE. In this case, D1'=0.38 mm > D2'=D3'=0.30 mm.

[0414] The intermediate layer C2' of each outer strand TE is desaturated and incompletely unsaturated. The inter-wire distance I2' of the intermediate layer C2' separating on average the P' intermediate wires is greater than or equal to 5 µm. The inter-wire distance I2' is preferably greater than or equal to 15 µm and here equal to 32 µm. The sum SI2' of the inter-wire distances I2' of the intermediate layer C2' is greater than the diameter D2 of the intermediate wires F2' of the intermediate layer C2'. Here, the sum SI2'=6 x 0.032=0.19 mm, a value strictly less than D2'=0.30 mm. In addition, the sum SI2' of the inter-wire distances I2' is such that SI2' < D3' and even Sl2' < 0.8 x D3'.

[0415] The outer layer C3' of each outer strand TE is desaturated and completely unsaturated. The inter-wire distance I3' of the outer layer C3' separating on average the N' outer wires is greater than or equal to 5 µm. The inter-wire distance I3' is preferably greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 µm and here equal to 52 µm. The sum SI3' of the inter-wire distances I3' of the outer layer C3' is greater than the diameter D3' of the outer wires F3' of the outer layer C3'. Here, the sum SI3'=11 x 0.052=0.57 mm, a value strictly greater than D3'=0.30 mm.

[0416] Each wire F1, F2, F3, F1', F2', F3' has a breaking strength, denoted Rm, such that 2500 ≤ Rm ≤ 3100 MPa. The steel of these wires is said to be of SHT ("Super High Tensile") grade. Other wires may be used, for example wires of lower grades, for example NT ("Normal Tensile") or HT ("High Tensile") grades, as well as wires of higher grades, for example UT ("Ultra Tensile") or MT ("Mega Tensile") grades.

[0417] We have 84° ≤ 3α + β + δ + y + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280°. In this case, as Q=1 and Q'=1, 84° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β ' + δ ' + γ' ≤ 246° . In the low modulus 160 cable embodiment, 107° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + y + 3 α' + β ' + δ ' + γ' ≤ 211° and as Q=1 and Q'=1, 107° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β ' + δ' + γ' ≤ 197° and here 3 α + β + δ+ γ + 3α' + β ' + δ' + γ'= 151.9° .

[0418] We have 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20 and here EC / EI=0.70.

[0419] We also have 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa and in this embodiment of the low modulus 160 cable, 90 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 130 GPa. Here EC=103 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 9TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0420] A low modulus cable 161 according to a second embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of cable 160 are designated by identical references.

[0421] Among the differences between cables 160 and 161, it will be particularly noted that cable 161 is such that J=4 and L=10 and that each wire F1, F1', F2, F2', F3, F3' is such that its diameter D1, D1', D2, D2', D3, D3' is such that D1=D2=D3=0.40 mm and D1'=D2'=D3'=0.30 mm. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 10TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0422] A low modulus cable 162 according to a third embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0423] Among the differences between cables 160 and 162, Q>1, Q=2, 3 or 4, P=7, 8, 9 or 10, N=13, 14 or 15 and here Q=3, P=8 and N=13. The Q internal wires F1 are wound helically within each internal strand TI at a pitch p1 such that 5 mm ≤ p1 ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1=8 mm. The helix angle β of each internal wire F1 of the inner layer within each internal strand TI ranges from 4° to 17°, here β=6.7°. The P intermediate wires F2 are wound helically around the Q internal wires F1 and are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 10 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 20 mm. Here p2=15 mm. The helix angle δ of each intermediate wire F2 in the intermediate layer C2 within each inner strand TI ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ=9.8°. The N outer wires F3 are wound helically around the P intermediate wires F2 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p3 such that 10 mm ≤ p3 ≤ 40 mm. Here p3=20 mm.The helix angle γ of each outer wire F3 in the outer layer C3 within each inner strand TI ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ=11.9°.

[0424] It will also be noted that, as Q>1, we have 36° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 158° and in the embodiment of the low modulus cable 162, 36° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 125° and here 3α + β + δ + γ=108.5°.

[0425] It will also be noted that, the internal layer of the cable 162 having a relatively low modulus, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa, preferably 64 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa and here EI=82 GPa.

[0426] It should also be noted that Q'>1, Q'=2, 3 or 4, P'=7, 8, 9 or 10, N'=13, 14 or 15 and here Q'=3, P'=8 and N'=13. The Q' internal wires F1' are wound helically within each external strand TE at a pitch p1' such that 5 mm ≤ p1' ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1'=12 mm. The helix angle β' of each internal wire F1' of the inner layer within each external strand TE ranges from 4° to 20°, here β'=4.5°. The P' intermediate wires F2' are assembled within each external strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 10 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 20 mm. Here p2'=18 mm. The helix angle δ' of each intermediate wire F2' in the intermediate layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ'=8.1°. The N' outer wires F3' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p3' such that 10 mm ≤ p3' ≤ 40 mm. Here p3'=25 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F3' in the outer layer C3' within each outer strand TE ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ'=9.6°.

[0427] It will also be noted that, as Q'>1, we have 61° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 154° and in the case of the low modulus 162 cable, 65° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 123° and here 3α' + β' + δ' + γ'=71.4°.

[0428] Note also that, as Q>1 and Q'>1, we have 101° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280° and in the embodiment of the low modulus cable 162, 120° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 211° and here 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' =179.9°.

[0429] . We also have 1.21 ≤ EC / EI and preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 3.00 and in the embodiment of the low modulus cable 162, 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 3.00 and here EC / EI=1.29. CABLE ACCORDING TO AN 11TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0430] A very low modulus cable 163 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0431] Among the differences between cables 160 and 163, it will be noted that the helix angle α of each internal strand TI in the internal layer CI of the very low modulus cable 163 ranges from 6° to 41°, in this case α=24.6°.

[0432] It will also be noted that the helix angle α' of each outer strand TE in the outer layer CE of the very low modulus 163 cable is from 14° to 36°, in this case α'=16.3°.

[0433] It should also be noted that Q>1, Q=2, 3 or 4, P=7, 8, 9 or 10, N=13, 14 or 15 and here Q=3, P=8 and N=13. The Q internal wires F1 are wound helically within each internal strand TI at a pitch p1 such that 5 mm ≤ p1 ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1=5 mm. The helix angle β of each internal wire F1 of the inner layer within each internal strand TI ranges from 4° to 17°, here β=12.4°. The P intermediate wires F2 are wound helically around the Q internal wires F1 and are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 10 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 20 mm. Here p2=10 mm. The helix angle δ of each intermediate wire F2 in the intermediate layer C2 within each inner strand TI ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ=16.6°. The N outer wires F3 are wound helically around the P intermediate wires F2 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p3 such that 10 mm ≤ p3 ≤ 40 mm. Here p3=15 mm.The helix angle γ of each outer wire F3 in the outer layer C3 within each inner strand TI ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ=18°.

[0434] It will also be noted that, in this embodiment of the very low modulus cable 163, 29° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 158° and here as Q>1, 42° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 158°. In the case of the cable 163, 3α + β + δ + γ=120.8°.

[0435] It will also be noted that, in the case of the very low modulus cable 163 having an internal layer having a relatively low modulus, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ EI ≤ 94 GPa and in this case, El=74 GPa.

[0436] It will also be noted that, in the embodiment of the very low modulus cable 163, 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 153° and here as Q'=1, 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 143° and in this case, 3α' + β' + δ' + γ'=91.8°.

[0437] Note also that, as Q>1 and Q'=1, 96° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 261°. In the embodiment of the very low modulus cable 163, 138° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280° and as Q>1 and Q'=1, 144° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 261° and here 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' =212.6°.

[0438] It will be noted that in the embodiment of the cable 163 with very low modulus 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20 and here EC / EI=1.08.

[0439] We also have 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa and in this embodiment of the cable 163 with very low modulus 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 89 GPa. Here EC=80 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 12TH MODE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0440] A very low modulus cable 164 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0441] Among the differences between cables 163 and 164, it will be noted that the inner layer has a relatively high modulus and is such that 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa. In this case, El=157 GPa.

[0442] It should also be noted thatQ'>1, Q'=2, 3 or 4, P'=7, 8, 9 or 10, N'=13, 14 or 15 and here Q'=3, P'=8 and N'=13. The Q' inner wires F1' are wound helically within each outer strand TE at a pitch p1' such that 5 mm ≤ p1' ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1'=8 mm. The helix angle β' of each inner wire F1' of the inner layer within each outer strand TE ranges from 4° to 20°, here β'=7.8°. The P' intermediate wires F2' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 10 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 20 mm. Here p2'=15 mm. The helix angle δ' of each intermediate wire F2' in the intermediate layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ'=11.2°. The N' outer wires F3' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p3' such that 10 mm ≤ p3' ≤ 40 mm. Here p3'=20 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F3' in the outer layer C3' within each outer strand TE ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ'=13.7°.

[0443] It will be noted that 48° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 154° and here as Q'>1, 61° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 154°. In this case, in this embodiment of the very low modulus cable 164, 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 153° and here as Q'>1, 78° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 153°. In the case of the cable 164, 3α' + β' + δ' + y'=130.8°.

[0444] Note that 84° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280°. In this case, as Q> 1 and Q'> 1, 101° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280°. In the embodiment of the very low modulus cable 164, 138° ≤ 3α + β + δ + y + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280° and as Q>1 and Q'>1, 144° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3 a' + β ' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280° and here 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' +γ' =190.1°.

[0445] It should also be noted that EC / EI ≤ 0.59, preferably 0.40 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 0.59 and here EC / EI=0.49. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 13TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0446] A very low modulus cable 165 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0447] Among the differences between the cables 163 and 165, it will be noted that Q=1, P=5 or 6 and N=10, 11 or 12, preferably Q=1, P=5 or 6, N=10 or 11 and more preferably here Q=1, P=6 and N=11 and that the Q=1 internal wire F1 is assembled within each internal strand TI according to an infinite pitch so that β=0. The P intermediate wires F2 are wound in a helix around the Q=1 internal wire F1 and are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 5 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 20 mm. Here p2=15 mm. The helix angle δ of each intermediate wire F2 in the intermediate layer C2 within each internal strand TI ranges from 6° to 30°, here δ=9.6°. The N outer wires F3 are helically wound around the P intermediate wires F2 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p3 such that 10 mm ≤ p3 ≤ 40 mm. Here p3=25 mm. The helix angle γ of each outer wire F3 in the outer layer C3 within each inner strand TI ranges from 7° to 30°, here γ=11.4°.

[0448] It will also be noted that 25° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 158° and here as Q=1, 25° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 140°. In this case, in this embodiment of the very low modulus cable 165, 29° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ < 158° and here as Q=1, 29° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ < 140°. In the case of the cable 165, 3α + β + δ + γ=120.9°.

[0449] It should also be noted that Q'>1, Q'=2, 3 or 4, P'=7, 8, 9 or 10, N'=13, 14 or 15 and here Q'=3, P'=8 and N'=13. The Q' internal wires F1' are wound helically within each external strand TE at a pitch p1' such that 5 mm ≤ p1' ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1'=12 mm. The helix angle β' of each internal wire F1' of the inner layer within each external strand TE ranges from 4° to 20°, here β'=5.2°. The P' intermediate wires F2' are assembled within each external strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 10 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 20 mm. Here p2'=18 mm. The helix angle δ' of each intermediate wire F2' in the intermediate layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ'=9.4°. The N' outer wires F3' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p3' such that 10 mm ≤ p3' ≤ 40 mm. Here p3'=25 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F3' in the outer layer C3' within each outer strand TE ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ'=11°.

[0450] It will be noted that 48° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 154° and here as Q'>1, 61° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 154°. In this case, in this embodiment of the very low modulus cable 165, 65° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 153° and here as Q'>1, 78° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 153°. In the case of the cable 165, 3α' + β' + δ' + γ'=85.9°.

[0451] Note that 84° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280°. In this case, as Q=1 and Q'>1, 88° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 254°. In the embodiment of the very low modulus cable 165, 138° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 280° and as Q=1 and Q'>1, 148° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 254° and here 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' =206.8°.

[0452] It should also be noted that 1.21 ≤ EC / EI, preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 3.00 and here EC / EI=1.44. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 14TH MODE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0453] A medium-module cable 166 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0454] Among the differences between the cables 160 and 166, it will be noted that the helix angle α of each inner strand TI in the inner layer CI of the cable 166 ranges, in the embodiment of the medium modulus cable 166, from 4° to 22°, in this case α=17.9°. The helix angle α' of each outer strand TE in the outer layer CE of the cable 166 ranges, in the embodiment of the medium modulus cable 166, from 11° to 21°, in this case α'=13.2°.

[0455] It will also be noted that, in the first embodiment of the medium modulus cable 166, 25° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 97°. In the case of the cable 166, 3α + β + δ + γ-91°.

[0456] In the case of the medium modulus cable 166, we also have 78 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 100 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. The inner layer of the cable 166 has a relatively high modulus, 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa and here EI=96 GPa.

[0457] It should also be noted that Q'>1, Q'=2, 3 or 4, P'=7, 8, 9 or 10, N'=13, 14 or 15 and here Q'=3, P'=8 and N'=13. The Q' internal wires F1' are wound helically within each external strand TE at a pitch p1' such that 5 mm ≤ p1' ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1'=12 mm. The helix angle β' of each internal wire F1' of the inner layer within each external strand TE ranges from 4° to 20°, here β'=4.5°. The P' intermediate wires F2' are assembled within each external strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 10 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 20 mm. Here p2'=18 mm. The helix angle δ' of each intermediate wire F2' in the intermediate layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ'=8.1°. The N' outer wires F3' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p3' such that 10 mm ≤ p3' ≤ 40 mm. Here p3'=25 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F3' in the outer layer C3' within each outer strand TE ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ'=9.6°.

[0458] It should also be noted that, in the case of the medium modulus 166 cable, 48° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 89° and here as Q'>1, 61° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 89° and here 3α' + β' + δ' + γ'=61.8°.

[0459] Note that, in the embodiment of the medium module cable 166, 84° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 161° and as Q=1 and Q'>1, 88° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 153° and here 3α + β + δ + γ + 3α' + β ' + δ' + γ' =152.8°.

[0460] We also have 1.21 ≤ EC / EI, preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 3.00 and here EC / EI=1.48.

[0461] In this embodiment, we also have the cable 166 with medium modulus 131 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa. Here EC=141 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 15TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0462] It has been represented on the figure 9 the low modulus 260 cable according to a fifteenth embodiment of the invention.

[0463] The cable 260 is metallic and is of the multi-strand type with two cylindrical layers. Thus, it is understood that the layers of strands constituting the cable 260 are two in number, neither more nor less. The layers of strands are adjacent and concentric. The cable 260 is devoid of polymeric composition and elastomer composition when it is not integrated into the tire.

[0464] The cable 260 comprises an inner layer CI of the cable 260 and an outer layer CE of the cable 260. The inner layer CI consists of J>1 inner strands TI, i.e. several inner strands TI, wound in a helix. The outer layer CE consists of L>1 outer strands, i.e. several outer strands TE wound in a helix around the inner layer CI. In this case, J=2, 3 or 4, preferably J=3 or 4. In addition, L=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably L=8, 9 or 10. With J=3, L=7, 8 or 9 and in this case and here J=3, L=8.

[0465] The 260 cable also includes an F fret made from a single fret wire.

[0466] The inner layer CI is wound helically according to a winding direction of the inner layer of the cable, here the direction S. The inner strands TI are wound helically according to a pitch PI such that 10 mm ≤ PI ≤ 65 mm and preferably 10 mm ≤ PI ≤ 45 mm. Here PI=20 mm. The helix angle α of each inner strand TI in the inner layer CI of the cable 260 ranges from 3° to 36° and, in the case of the low modulus cable 260, from 3° to 31° and in this case α=13.6°.

[0467] The outer layer CE is wound helically around the inner layer CI in a winding direction of the outer layer of the cable opposite to the winding direction of the inner layer of the cable, here the Z direction. The outer strands TE are wound helically around the inner strand TI in a pitch PE such that 30 mm ≤ PE ≤ 65 mm and preferably 30 mm ≤ PE ≤ 60 mm. Here PE=40 mm. The helix angle α' of each outer strand TE in the outer layer CE of the cable 260 ranges from 10° to 34°, and, in the case of the low modulus cable 260, from 10° to 31° and in this case α'=19.1°.

[0468] The hoop F is wound around the outer layer CE in a winding direction of the hoop, here opposite to the winding direction of the outer layer CE, in this case in the direction S. The hoop wire is wound helically around the outer strands TE in a pitch PF such that 2 mm ≤ PF ≤ 10 mm and preferably 3 mm ≤ PF ≤ 8 mm. Here pf=5.1 mm.

[0469] The assembly consisting of the inner CI and outer CE layers, i.e. the cable 260 without the band F, has a diameter D greater than or equal to 4 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 4.5 mm and less than or equal to 7 mm, preferably less than or equal to 6.5 mm. Here, D=6.03 mm.

[0470] The inner layer CI of inner strands TI has a diameter DI. Each outer strand TE has a diameter DE. In this case, DI=2.87 mm, DE=1.58 mm.

[0471] The outer layer CE of the 260 cable is desaturated and incompletely unsaturated. The average inter-strand distance E separating two adjacent outer strands TE is greater than or equal to 30 µm. Here, the average inter-strand distance E separating two adjacent outer strands TE is such that E=43 µm. The sum SIE of the inter-wire distances E of the outer layer CE is less than the diameter DE of the outer strands of the outer layer CE. Here, the sum SIE=8 x 0.043= 0.34 mm, a value strictly less than DE=1.58 mm. Internal TI strands of cable 260

[0472] Each TI inner strand is two-layer. Each TI inner strand is, here, made up of, two layers, no more, no less.

[0473] Each inner strand TI comprises an inner layer C1 made up of Q ≥ 1 inner wires F1 and an outer layer C2 made up of N>1 outer wires F2 wound helically around and in contact with the inner layer C1.

[0474] Q=2, 3 or 4, preferably Q=3 or 4. N=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably N=8, 9 or 10. With Q=4, N=7, 8 or 9 and in this case Q=4, N=9.

[0475] The inner layer C1 of each inner strand TI is wound in a helix according to a winding direction of the inner layer C1 of the inner strand TI identical to the winding direction of the inner layer CI of the cable, here according to the direction S. The Q inner wires F1 are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p1 such that 5 mm ≤ p1 ≤ 20 mm. Here p1 = 7.7 mm. The helix angle β of each inner wire F1 in the inner layer C1 within each inner strand TI ranges from 4° to 17°, here β = 9.9°.

[0476] The outer layer C2 of each inner strand TI is wound around and in contact with the inner layer C1 in a winding direction of the outer layer C2 of the inner strand TI identical to the winding direction of the inner layer CI of the cable, here in the direction S. The N outer wires F2 are wound helically around the Q inner wires F1 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 5 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 40 mm. Here p2 = 15.4 mm. The helix angle γ of each outer wire F2 in the outer layer C2 within each inner strand TI ranges from 7° to 20°, here γ = 11.8°.

[0477] We have 16° ≤ 2 α + β + γ ≤ 105° and as Q>1, 20° ≤ 2 α + β + γ ≤ 105° . In this case, in the case of the low modulus 260 cable, 16° ≤ 2 α + β + γ ≤ 86° and as Q>1, 19° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 85° and here 2 α + β + γ =48.9°.

[0478] Each inner wire F1 and outer wire F2 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D1, D2 respectively. Each diameter of the inner wires D1 and outer wires D2 of each inner strand TI ranges from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm. Each inner wire F1 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D1 greater than or equal to, here equal to, the diameter D2 of each outer wire F2 of each inner strand TI. In this case, D1=D2=0.30 mm.

[0479] Due to the relatively short pitch p2, the outer layer C2 of each inner strand TI is desaturated and completely unsaturated. The inter-wire distance I2 of the outer layer C2 separating on average the N outer wires is greater than or equal to 5 µm. The inter-wire distance I2 is preferably greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm and here equal to 46 µm. The sum SI2 of the inter-wire distances I2 of the outer layer C2 is greater than the diameter d2 of the outer wires F2 of the outer layer C2. Here, the sum SI2 = 9 x 0.046 = 0.41 mm, a value strictly greater than D2 = 0.30 mm.

[0480] We also have 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa and in the case of the low modulus 260 cable which has an internal layer with a relatively high modulus, 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. In this case, El=148 GPa. TE external strands of cable 260

[0481] Each TE outer strand is three-layered. Thus, each TE outer strand comprises, here is made up of, three layers, no more, no less.

[0482] Each outer strand TE comprises an inner layer C1' consisting of Q'≥1 inner wires F1', an intermediate layer C2' consisting of P'>1 inner wires F2' wound helically around and in contact with the inner layer C1' and an outer layer C3' consisting of N'>1 outer wires F3' wound helically around and in contact with the intermediate layer C2'.

[0483] Q'=1, P'=5 or 6 and N'=10, 11 or 12, preferably Q'=1, P'=5 or 6, N'=10 or 11 and more preferably here Q'=1, P'=6 and N'=11.

[0484] In the case where Q'>1, the inner layer C1' of each outer strand TE is wound in a helix according to a winding direction of the inner layer C1' of the outer strand TE, the winding direction of the inner layer C1' of the outer strand TE is identical to the winding direction of the outer layer CE of the cable, here according to the Z direction. Here, the Q'=1 inner wire F1' is assembled within each outer strand TE at an infinite pitch p1' so that β'=0.

[0485] The intermediate layer C2' of each outer strand TE is wound around and in contact with the inner layer C1' according to a winding direction of the intermediate layer C2' of the outer strand TE identical to the winding direction of the outer layer CE of the cable, here according to the Z direction. The P' intermediate wires F2' are wound helically around the Q'=1 inner wire F1' and are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 5 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 20 mm. Here p2'=7.7 mm. The helix angle δ' of each intermediate wire F2' in the intermediate layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 6° to 22°, here δ'=15.5°.

[0486] The outer layer C3' of each outer strand TE is wound around and in contact with the intermediate layer C2' according to a winding direction of the outer layer C3' of the outer strand TE identical to the winding direction of the outer layer CE of the cable, here according to the Z direction. The N' outer wires F3' are wound helically around the P' intermediate wires F2' and are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p3' such that 10 mm ≤ p3' ≤ 40 mm. Here p3'=15.4 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F3' in the outer layer C3' within each outer strand TE ranges from 7° to 22°, here γ'=14.6°.

[0487] We have 47° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 147° and in the case of the low modulus 260 cable 54° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 125° and as Q'=1, 54° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 120°. In this case, 3α' + β' + δ' + γ'=87.4°.

[0488] Each inner wire F1', intermediate wire F2' and outer wire F3' of each outer strand TE has a diameter D1', D2', D3' respectively. Each diameter of the inner wires D1', intermediate wires D2' and outer wires D3' of each outer strand TE ranges from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm. Each Q' inner wire F1' of each outer strand TI' has a diameter D1' greater than or equal to the diameter D2' of each intermediate wire F2' of each outer strand TE. Each Q' inner wire F1' of each outer strand TE has a diameter D1' greater than or equal to the diameter D3' of each outer wire F3' of each outer strand TE. Each N' intermediate wire F2' of each external strand TE has a diameter D2' equal to the diameter D3' of each external wire F3' of each external strand TE. In this case, D1'=0.38 mm > D2'=D3'=0.30 mm.

[0489] The intermediate layer C2' of each outer strand TE is desaturated and incompletely unsaturated. The inter-wire distance I2' of the intermediate layer C2' separating on average the P' intermediate wires is greater than or equal to 5 µm. The inter-wire distance I2' is preferably greater than or equal to 15 µm and here equal to 32 µm. The sum SI2' of the inter-wire distances I2' of the intermediate layer C2' is greater than the diameter D2 of the intermediate wires F2' of the intermediate layer C2'. Here, the sum SI2'=6 x 0.032=0.19 mm, a value strictly less than D2'=0.30 mm. In addition, the sum SI2' of the inter-wire distances I2' is such that SI2' < D3' and even SI2' < 0.8 x D3'.

[0490] The outer layer C3' of each outer strand TE is desaturated and completely unsaturated. The inter-wire distance I3' of the outer layer C3' separating on average the N' outer wires is greater than or equal to 5 µm. The inter-wire distance I3' is preferably greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 µm and here equal to 52 µm. The sum SI3' of the inter-wire distances I3' of the outer layer C3' is greater than the diameter D3' of the outer wires F3' of the outer layer C3'. Here, the sum SI3'=11 x 0.052=0.57 mm, a value strictly greater than D3'=0.30 mm.

[0491] Each wire F1, F2, F1', F2', F3' has a breaking strength, denoted Rm, such that 2500 ≤ Rm ≤ 3100 MPa. The steel of these wires is said to be of SHT ("Super High Tensile") grade. Other wires may be used, for example wires of lower grades, for example NT ("Normal Tensile") or HT ("High Tensile") grades, as well as wires of higher grades, for example UT ("Ultra Tensile") or MT ("Mega Tensile") grades.

[0492] We have 84° ≤ 2α + β+ γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 226° and as Q>1 and Q'=1, 88° ≤ 2 α + β+ γ + 3 α' + β ' + δ' + γ' ≤ 206° . In the case of the low modulus 260 cable, we have 87° ≤ 2 α + β+ γ + 3 α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 172° and as Q>1 and Q'=1, 90° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 3 α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 165° In this case 2 α + β + γ + 3 α' + β' + δ' + γ' =136.3°.

[0493] We have 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20 and here EC / EI=0.69.

[0494] We also have 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa and in this embodiment 90 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 130 GPa. Here EC=102 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 16TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0495] A low modulus cable 261 according to a second embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of cable 260 are designated by identical references.

[0496] Among the differences between cables 260 and 261, we will note that Q=1, N=5 or 6 and here Q=1, N=6.

[0497] It should also be noted that the N outer wires F2 are helically wound around the Q=1 inner wire F1 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 5 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 30 mm. Here p2=7.7 mm. The helix angle γ of each outer wire F2 in the outer layer C2 within each inner strand TI ranges from 5° to 26°, here γ=12.9°.

[0498] Note also that 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 105° and as Q=1, 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 86° and here 2α + β + γ=26.5°.

[0499] Note that, as Q=1 and Q'=1, 84° ≤ 2α + β+ γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 199°. In the case of the low modulus 261 cable, with Q=1 and Q'=1, we have 87° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 3 α' + β ' + δ' + γ' ≤ 160° In this case 2 α + β + γ + 3 α' + β' + δ' + γ '=136.3° .

[0500] Note that EC / EI ≤ 0.59 and preferably 0.40 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 0.59 and here EC / EI=0.56. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 17TH MODE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0501] A low modulus cable 262 according to a third embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0502] Among the differences between the cables 260 and 262, it will be noted that the inner layer of the low modulus cable 262 has a relatively low modulus, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa, preferably 64 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa. In this case, El = 71 GPa.

[0503] It should be noted that 1.21 ≤ EC / EI and preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 3.00 and in the case of low modulus 262 cable 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 2.82 and here EC / EI=1.33. CABLE ACCORDING TO AN 18TH MODE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0504] A very low modulus cable 263 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0505] Among the differences between cables 260 and 263, it will be noted that the helix angle α of each inner strand TI in the inner layer CI of cable 263 ranges, in the case of very low modulus cable 263, from 5° to 36° and in this case α=10°. It will also be noted that the helix angle α' of each outer strand TE in the outer layer CE of cable 263 ranges, in the case of very low modulus cable 263, from 14° to 34° and in this case α'=14.5°.

[0506] We will also note, in the case of the very low modulus 263 cable, 20° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤105° and as Q>1, 27° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 105° and here 2α + β + γ=53.6°.

[0507] It will be noted that, in the case of the very low modulus cable 263, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa. In the case of the cable 263 having an internal layer having a relatively high modulus, 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa. In this case, EI=130 GPa.

[0508] It should be noted that, in the case of the very low modulus 263 cable and as Q'=1, 66° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 147°. In this case, 3α' + β' + δ' + γ'=93.5°.

[0509] It should also be noted that in the case of the very low modulus 263 cable, 146° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 3 α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 226° and as Q>1 and Q'=1, 130° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 3 α ' + β' + δ ' + γ' ≤ 206° In this case 2α +β + γ + 3 α ' + β' + δ ' + γ' =147.1° .

[0510] In the case of the very low modulus 263 cable, we have 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20 and here EC / EI=0.64.

[0511] It will also be noted that, in this embodiment of the very low modulus cable 263, 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 89 GPa. Here EC=84 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 19TH CENTURY EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0512] A very low modulus cable 264 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0513] Among the differences between cables 263 and 264, it will be noted that, in the case of the very low modulus cable 264 having an inner layer having a relatively low modulus, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa. In this case, EI = 42 GPa.

[0514] Note that Q'>1, and here Q'=2, 3 or 4, P'=7, 8, 9 or 10, N'=13, 14 or 15 and here Q'=3, P'=8 and N'=13.

[0515] Note that the Q' inner wires F1' are wound helically within each outer strand TE at a pitch p1' such that 5 mm ≤ p1' ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1'=12 mm. The helix angle β' of each inner wire F1' of the inner layer within each outer strand TE ranges from 4° to 20°, here β'=6°. The P' intermediate wires F2' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 10 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 20 mm. Here p2'=18 mm. The helix angle δ ' of each intermediate wire F2' in the intermediate layer C2' within each external strand TE ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ '=10.9° . The N' outer wires F3' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p3' such that 10 mm ≤ p3' ≤ 40 mm. Here p3'=25 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F3' in the outer layer C3' within each outer strand TE ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ'=12.8°.

[0516] It should also be noted that, in the case of the very low modulus 264 cable and as Q'>1, 75° ≤ 3 α ' + β ' + δ ' + γ ' ≤ 140° . In this case, 3 α ' + β' + δ ' + γ' =95.7°.

[0517] Note that, in the case of the very low modulus 264 cable and as Q>1 and Q'>1, we have 146° ≤ 2 α + β + γ + 3α' + β ' + δ ' + γ ' ≤ 226° . In this case 2 α + β + γ + 3 α ' + β ' + δ ' + γ'=188.9°.

[0518] It should be noted that, in the case of the very low modulus 264 cable, 1.21 ≤ EC / EI and preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 3.00 and here EC / EI=1.72. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 20TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0519] A medium-module cable 265 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0520] Among the differences between the 260 and 265 cables, it will be noted that the helix angle α of each inner strand TI in the inner layer CI of the medium modulus 265 cable ranges from 3° to 20° and in this case α=6.8°. It will also be noted that the helix angle α' of each outer strand TE in the outer layer CE of the medium modulus 265 cable ranges from 10° to 22° and in this case α'=15.3°.

[0521] It will also be noted that Q=1, N=5 or 6 and here Q=1, N=6. The N external wires F2 are wound in a helix around the Q=1 internal wire F1 and are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 5 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 30 mm. Here p2=5 mm. The helix angle γ of each external wire F2 in the external layer C2 within each internal strand TI ranges from 5° to 26°, here γ=19.4°.

[0522] Note that, in the case of the medium modulus 265 cable, we have 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 68° and as Q=1, 16° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 56° and here 2α + β + γ=33°.

[0523] It will also be noted that, in the case of the medium modulus cable 265, 78 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 100 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa and in the case of the cable 265 comprising an internal layer having a relatively high modulus 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa and, in this case, EI=165 GPa.

[0524] It should be noted that, in the case of the medium modulus 265 cable, 47° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 89° and as Q'=1, 47° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 86°. In this case, 3α' + β' + δ' + γ'=71.4°.

[0525] Note that, in the case of the medium module 265 cable, 84° ≤ 2α + β+ γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 136° and as Q=1 and Q'=1, 84° ≤ 2α + β+ γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 112°. In this case 2α + β + γ + 3α' + β' + δ' + γ'=104.2°.

[0526] It should also be noted that, in the case of the medium modulus 265 cable, in the case of the medium modulus 265 cable, 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20, preferably 0.80 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.15 and here EC / EI=0.90.

[0527] We also have 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa and in the embodiment of the medium modulus cable 265, 131 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa. Here EC=148 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 21ST MODE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0528] A medium-module cable 266 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0529] Among the differences between cables 265 and 266, it should be noted that Q=2, 3 or 4, preferably Q=3 or 4. N=7, 8, 9 or 10. With Q=3 and N=7, 8 or 9 and here Q=3, N=8.

[0530] Note that the Q internal wires F1 are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p1 such that 5 mm ≤ p1 ≤ 20 mm. Here p1=12 mm. The helix angle β of each internal wire F1 in the inner layer C1 within each internal strand TI ranges from 4° to 17°, here β=6°. The N external wires F2 are helically wound around the Q internal wires F1 and are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 5 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 40 mm. Here p2=18 mm. The helix angle γ of each external wire F2 in the outer layer C2 within each internal strand TI ranges from 7° to 20°, here γ=10.9°.

[0531] Note that, in the case of the medium modulus 266 cable, as Q>1, 20° ≤ 2α + β + γ ≤ 68° and here 2α + β + γ=26.9°.

[0532] It will also be noted that Q'>1, and here Q'=2, 3 or 4, P'=7, 8, 9 or 10, N'=13, 14 or 15 and here Q'=3, P'=8 and N'=13.

[0533] Note that the Q' inner wires F1' are wound helically within each outer strand TE at a pitch p1' such that 5 mm ≤ p1' ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1'=12 mm. The helix angle β' of each inner wire F1' of the inner layer within each outer strand TE ranges from 4° to 20°, here β'=4.5°. The P' intermediate wires F2' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 10 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 20 mm. Here p2'=18 mm. The helix angle δ' of each intermediate wires F2' in the intermediate layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ'=8.1°. The N' outer wires F3' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p3' such that 10 mm ≤ p3' ≤ 40 mm. Here p3'=25 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F3' in the outer layer C3' within each outer strand TE ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ'=9.6°.

[0534] It should be noted that, in the case of the medium modulus 266 cable and as Q'>1, 62° ≤ 3α' + β' + δ' + γ' ≤ 89° and here 3α' + β' + δ' + γ'=77.1°. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 22ND EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0535] It has been represented on the figure 10 the 360 cable according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.

[0536] The 360 cable is metallic and is of the multi-strand type with two cylindrical layers. Thus, it is understood that the layers of strands constituting the 360 cable are two in number, no more, no less. The layers of strands are adjacent and concentric. The 360 cable is devoid of polymeric composition and elastomer composition when it is not integrated into the tire.

[0537] The 360 cable comprises an inner layer CI of the 360 cable and an outer layer CE of the 360 cable. The inner layer CI consists of J>1 inner strands TI, i.e., several inner strands TI, wound helically. The outer layer CE consists of L>1 outer strands, i.e., several outer strands TE wound helically around the inner layer CI. In this case, J=2, 3 or 4, preferably J=3 or 4. In addition, L=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably L=8, 9 or 10. With J=3, L=7, 8 or 9 and in this case and here J=3, L=8.

[0538] The 360 cable also includes an F fret made from a single fret wire.

[0539] The inner layer CI is wound in a helix according to a winding direction of the inner layer of the cable, here the direction S. The inner strands TI are wound in a helix according to a pitch PI such that 10 mm ≤ PI ≤ 65 mm and preferably 10 mm ≤ PI ≤ 45 mm. Here PI = 20 mm. The helix angle α of each inner strand TI in the inner layer CI of the cable 360 ranges from 4° to 36° and in the embodiment of the low modulus cable 360 from 4° to 27° and in this case α = 13.4°.

[0540] The outer layer CE is wound helically around the inner layer CI in a winding direction of the outer layer of the cable opposite to the winding direction of the inner layer of the cable, here the Z direction. The outer strands TE are wound helically around the inner strand TI in a pitch PE such that 30 mm ≤ PE ≤ 65 mm and preferably 30 mm ≤ PE ≤ 60 mm. Here PE=40 mm. The helix angle α' of each outer strand TE in the outer layer CE of the 360 cable ranges from 10° to 32° and in the embodiment of the low modulus 360 cable from 11° to 31° and in this case α'=18.6°.

[0541] The hoop F is wound around the outer layer CE in a winding direction of the hoop, here opposite to the winding direction of the outer layer CE, in this case in the direction S. The hoop wire is wound helically around the outer strands TE in a pitch PF such that 2 mm ≤ PF ≤ 10 mm and preferably 3 mm ≤ PF ≤ 8 mm. Here pf=5.1 mm.

[0542] The assembly consisting of the inner CI and outer CE layers, i.e. the cable 360 without the band F, has a diameter D greater than or equal to 4 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 4.5 mm and less than or equal to 7 mm, preferably less than or equal to 6.5 mm. Here, D=5.7 mm.

[0543] The inner layer CI of inner strands TI has a diameter DI. Each outer strand TE has a diameter DE. In this case, DI=2.83 mm, DE=1.46 mm.

[0544] The outer layer CE of the 360 cable is desaturated and incompletely unsaturated. The average inter-strand distance E separating two adjacent outer strands TE is greater than or equal to 30 µm, preferably greater than or equal to 70 µm and more preferably greater than or equal to 100 µm. Here, the average inter-strand distance E separating two adjacent outer strands TE is such that E=117 µm. The sum SIE of the inter-wire distances E of the outer layer CE is less than the diameter DE of the outer strands of the outer layer CE. Here, the sum SIE=8 x 0.117= 0.94 mm, a value strictly less than DE=1.46 mm. Internal TI strands of the 360 cable

[0545] Each TI inner strand is three-ply. Each TI inner strand is, here, made up of, three layers, no more, no less.

[0546] Each inner strand TI comprises an inner layer C1 consisting of Q≥1 inner wires F1, an intermediate layer C2 consisting of P>1 inner wires F2 wound helically around and in contact with the inner layer C1 and an outer layer C3 consisting of N>1 outer wires F3 wound helically around and in contact with the intermediate layer C2.

[0547] Q=1, P=5 or 6 and N=10, 11 or 12, preferably Q=1, P=5 or 6, N=10 or 11 and more preferably here Q=1, P=6 and N=11.

[0548] In the case where Q>1, the inner layer C1 of each inner strand TI is wound in a helix according to a winding direction of the inner layer C1 of the inner strand TI identical to the winding direction of the inner layer CI of the cable, here according to the direction S. Here, the Q=1 inner wire F1 is assembled within each inner strand TI according to an infinite pitch so that β=0.

[0549] The intermediate layer C2 of each inner strand TI is wound around and in contact with the inner layer C1 in a winding direction of the intermediate layer C2 of the inner strand TI identical to the winding direction of the inner layer CI of the cable, here in the direction S. The P intermediate wires F2 are wound in a helix around the Q=1 inner wire F1 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 5 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 20 mm. Here p2=7.7 mm. The helix angle δ of each intermediate wire F2 in the intermediate layer C2 within each inner strand TI ranges from 6° to 30°, here δ=12.2°.

[0550] The outer layer C3 of each inner strand TI is wound around and in contact with the intermediate layer C2 in a winding direction of the outer layer C3 of the inner strand TI identical to the winding direction of the inner layer CI of the cable, here in the direction S. The N outer wires F3 are wound helically around the P intermediate wires F2 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p3 such that 10 mm ≤ p3 ≤ 40 mm. Here p3 = 15.4 mm. The helix angle γ of each outer wire F3 in the outer layer C3 within each inner strand TI ranges from 7° to 30°, here γ = 12.1°.

[0551] We have 26° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ ≤ 162° and here as Q=1, 26° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ ≤ 140° . In this case, in this first embodiment of the low modulus 360 cable, 26° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ ≤ 128° and here as Q=1, 26° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ≤ 113°. In the case of the 360 cable, 3α + β + δ + γ=64.5°.

[0552] Each inner wire F1, intermediate wire F2 and outer wire F3 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D1, D2, D3 respectively. Each diameter of the inner wires D1, intermediate wire D2 and outer wires D3 of each inner strand TI ranges from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm. Each inner wire F1 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D1 greater than or equal to, here equal to, the diameter D2 of each intermediate wire F2 of each inner strand TI. Each inner wire F1 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D1 greater than or equal to, here equal to, the diameter D3 of each outer wire F3 of each inner strand TI. Each intermediate wire F2 of each inner strand TI has a diameter D2 equal to the diameter D3 of each outer wire F3 of each inner strand TI. In this case, D1=D2=D3=0.26 mm.

[0553] The intermediate layer C2 of each internal strand TI is saturated. Here the distance I2 is approximately equal to 0.

[0554] The outer layer C3 of each inner strand TI is desaturated and completely unsaturated. The inter-wire distance I3 of the outer layer C3 separating on average the N outer wires is greater than or equal to 5 µm. The inter-wire distance I3 is preferably greater than or equal to 15 µm and here equal to 30 µm. The sum SI3 of the inter-wire distances I3 of the outer layer C3 is greater than the diameter D3 of the outer wires F3 of the outer layer C3. Here, the sum SI3 = 11 x 0.030 = 0.33 mm, a value strictly greater than D2 = 0.26 mm.

[0555] We also have 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ EI ≤ 180 GPa. In the case of the low modulus 360 cable, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa. Here, the inner layer has a relatively high modulus, we have 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. In this case, El = 147 GPa. TE external strands of the 360 cable

[0556] Each TE outer strand is two-layer. Thus, each TE outer strand comprises, here is made up of, two layers, no more, no less.

[0557] Each outer strand TE comprises an inner layer C1' consisting of Q'≥1 inner wires F1' and an outer layer C2' consisting of N'>1 outer wires F2' wound helically around and in contact with the inner layer C1'.

[0558] Q'=2, 3 or 4, preferably Q'=3 or 4. N'=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably N'=8, 9 or 10. With Q'=3, N'=7, 8 or 9 and in this case Q'=3, N'=8.

[0559] The inner layer C1' of each outer strand TE is wound in a helix according to a winding direction of the inner layer C1' of the outer strand TE identical to the winding direction of the outer layer CE of the cable, here according to the Z direction. The Q' inner wires F1' are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p1' such that 5 mm ≤ p1' ≤ 20 mm. Here p1'=7.7 mm. The helix angle β' of each inner wire F1' in the inner layer C1' within each outer strand TE ranges from 4° to 17°, here β'=9.4°.

[0560] The outer layer C2' of each outer strand TE is wound around and in contact with the inner layer C1' in a winding direction of the outer layer C2' of the outer strand TE identical to the winding direction of the outer layer CE of the cable, here in the Z direction. The N' outer wires F2' are wound helically around the Q' inner wires F1' and are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 5 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 40 mm. Here p2'=15.4 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F2' in the outer layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 7° to 20°, here γ'=12.7°.

[0561] We have 28° ≤ 2 α ' + β ' + γ ' ≤ 96° and here as Q'>1, 34° ≤ 2 α ' + β' + γ ' ≤ 96° . In this case, in this first embodiment of the low modulus 360 cable, 28° ≤ 2 α ' + β' + γ' ≤ 89° and here as Q'=1, 36° ≤ 2 α ' + β ' + γ'≤ 89° . In the case of the 360 cable, 2α' + β' + γ'=59.3°.

[0562] Each inner wire F1' and outer wire F2' of each outer strand TE has a diameter D1', D2' respectively. Each diameter of the inner wires D1' and outer wires D2' of each outer strand TE ranges from 0.15 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.20 mm to 0.50 mm, more preferably from 0.23 mm to 0.45 mm and even more preferably from 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm. Each Q' inner wire F1' of each outer strand TI' has a diameter D1' greater than or equal to, here equal to, the diameter D2' of each outer wire F2' of each outer strand TE. In this case, D1'=D2'=0.35 mm.

[0563] The outer layer C2' of each outer strand TE is desaturated and completely unsaturated. The inter-wire distance I2' of the outer layer C2' separating on average the N' outer wires is greater than or equal to 5 µm. The inter-wire distance I2' is preferably greater than or equal to 15 µm, more preferably greater than or equal to 35 µm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 50 µm and very preferably greater than or equal to 60 µm and here equal to 66 µm. The sum SI2' of the inter-wire distances I2' of the outer layer C2' is greater than the diameter D2 of the outer wires F2' of the outer layer C2'. Here, the sum SI2'=8 x 0.066=0.53 mm, a value strictly greater than D2'=0.35 mm.

[0564] Each wire F1, F2, F3, F1', F2' has a breaking strength, denoted Rm, such that 2500 ≤ Rm ≤ 3100 MPa. The steel of these wires is said to be of SHT ("Super High Tensile") grade. Other wires may be used, for example wires of lower grades, for example NT ("Normal Tensile") or HT ("High Tensile") grade, as well as wires of higher grades, for example UT ("Ultra Tensile") or MT ("Mega Tensile") grades.

[0565] We have 64° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 224° . In this case, as Q=1 and Q'>1, 68° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 220°. In the low modulus 360 cable embodiment, 74° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 183° and, as Q=1 and Q'>1, 84° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β ' + γ' ≤ 168° and here 3 α + β + δ + γ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ '=123.8°.

[0566] We have 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20 and here EC / EI=0.75.

[0567] We also have 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa and in this embodiment of the low modulus 360 cable, 90 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 130 GPa. Here EC=111 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 23RD EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0568] A low modulus cable 361 according to a second embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of cable 360 are designated by identical references.

[0569] Among the differences between the 360 and 361 cables, we will particularly note Q>1, Q=2, 3 or 4, P=7, 8, 9 or 10, N=13, 14 or 15 and here Q=3, P=8 and N=13.

[0570] Note that the Q internal wires F1 are helically wound within each internal strand TI at a pitch p1 such that 5 mm ≤ p1 ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1=12 mm. The helix angle β of each internal wire F1 of the inner layer within each internal strand TI ranges from 4° to 17°, here β=6°. The P intermediate wires F2 are helically wound around the Q internal wires F1 and are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 10 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 20 mm. Here p2=18 mm. The helix angle δ of each intermediate wire F2 in the intermediate layer C2 within each internal strand TI ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ=10.9°. The N outer wires F3 are helically wound around the P intermediate wires F2 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p3 such that 10 mm ≤ p3 ≤ 40 mm. Here p3=25 mm. The helix angle γ of each outer wire F3 in the outer layer C3 within each inner strand TI ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ=12.8°.

[0571] It will also be noted that as Q>1, 36° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 162°. In this case, in this embodiment of the low modulus cable 361 and as Q>1, 36° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 128° and here 3α + β + δ + γ=51.9°.

[0572] Note that Q'=1 and here, N'=5 or 6, preferably N'=6.

[0573] Note that the N' outer wires F2' are helically wound around the Q' inner wires F1' and are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 5 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 30 mm. Here p2'=15 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F2' in the outer layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 5° to 26°, here y'=8.8°.

[0574] Note that as Q'>1, 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 86°. In this case, in this embodiment of the low modulus cable 361, 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 85°. In the case of cable 361, 2α' + β' + γ'=63.4°.

[0575] Note that, as Q>1 and Q'=1, 73° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 212°. In the embodiment of the low modulus cable 361, 86° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 168° and here 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ'=115.3°. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 24TH MODE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0576] A low modulus cable 362 according to a third embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0577] Among the differences between the 360 and 362 cables, it will be noted that 28 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa and, in the case of the low modulus 362 cable comprising an inner layer having a relatively low modulus, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa, preferably 64 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa. In this case, EI = 65 GPa.

[0578] It will also be noted that Q'=1, N'=5 or 6 and here preferably N'=6. The N' external wires F2' are wound in a helix around the Q'=1 internal wire F1' and are assembled within each external strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 5 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 30 mm. Here p2'=15 mm. The helix angle γ' of each external wire F2' in the external layer C2' within each external strand TE ranges from 5° to 26°, here γ'=8.8°.

[0579] Note that since Q'=1, 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 86° and, in this embodiment of the low modulus cable 362, 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 85°. In the case of the cable 362, 2α' + β' + γ'=36.4°.

[0580] It will also be noted that, as Q=1 and Q'=1, 64° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 200° and in the low modulus cable 362 embodiment, 74° ≤ 3 α + β + δ + γ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ' ≤ 158° and here 3 α + β + δ + γ + 2 α ' + β ' + γ '=148.5° .

[0581] We also have 1.21 ≤ EC / EI and preferably 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 3.00 and in the embodiment of the low modulus cable 362, 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 2.82 and here EC / EI=1.54. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 25TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0582] A very low modulus cable 363 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0583] Among the differences between the 360 and 363 cables, it will be noted that the helix angle α of each inner strand TI in the inner layer CI of the very low modulus 363 cable ranges from 4° to 36° and in this case α=26.7°. It will be noted that the helix angle α' of each outer strand TE in the outer layer CE of the very low modulus 363 cable ranges from 13° to 32° and in this case α'=16°.

[0584] Note that Q>1, Q=2, 3 or 4, P=7, 8, 9 or 10, N=13, 14 or 15 and here Q=3, P=8 and N=13. The Q internal wires F1 are wound helically within each internal strand TI at a pitch p1 such that 5 mm ≤ p1 ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1=5 mm. The helix angle β of each internal wire F1 of the inner layer within each internal strand TI ranges from 4° to 17°, here β=10.7°. The P intermediate wires F2 are wound helically around the Q internal wires F1 and are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 10 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 20 mm. Here p2=10 mm. The helix angle δ of each intermediate wire F2 in the intermediate layer C2 within each inner strand TI ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ=14.5°. The N outer wires F3 are wound helically around the P intermediate wires F2 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p3 such that 10 mm ≤ p3 ≤ 40 mm. Here p3=15 mm.The helix angle γ of each outer wire F3 in the outer layer C3 within each inner strand TI ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ=15.7°.

[0585] It will be noted that, in this embodiment of the very low modulus cable 363, 35° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 162° and here as Q>1, 36° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 162°. In the case of the cable 363, 3α + β + δ + γ=121°.

[0586] It will also be noted that, in the case of the very low modulus 363 cable, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa and, the internal layer having a relatively low modulus, we have 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa, preferably 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 94 GPa. In this case, EI = 73 GPa.

[0587] It will be noted that, in the case of the very low modulus 363 cable, 34° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 96° and here as Q'>1, 42° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 96° and here, 2α' + β' + γ'=65.6°.

[0588] It should also be noted that, in the case of the very low modulus 363 cable, 100° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 224° and as Q>1 and Q'=1, 121° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 224° and here 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + y'=186.6°.

[0589] It should be noted that, in the case of the very low modulus 363 cable, 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20 and here EC / EI=1.14.

[0590] We also have 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa and in this embodiment of the very low modulus 363 cable, 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 89 GPa. Here EC=83 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 26TH EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0591] A very low modulus cable 364 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0592] Among the differences between the cables 363 and 364, it will be noted that Q=1, P=5 or 6 and N=10, 11 or 12, preferably Q=1, P=5 or 6 and N=10 or 11 and here, more preferably Q=1, P=6 and N=11. The P intermediate wires F2 are wound in a helix around the Q=1 internal wire F1 and are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 5 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 20 mm. Here p2=5 mm. The helix angle δ of each intermediate wire F2 in the intermediate layer C2 within each internal strand TI ranges from 6° to 30°, here δ=19.4°. The N outer wires F3 are helically wound around the P intermediate wires F2 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p3 such that 10 mm ≤ p3 ≤ 40 mm. Here p3=10 mm. The helix angle γ of each outer wire F3 in the outer layer C3 within each inner strand TI ranges from 7° to 30°, here γ=18.7°.

[0593] It will be noted that, as Q=1, in the embodiment of the very low modulus cable 364, 35° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 140° and here, 3α + β + δ + γ=51.9°.

[0594] It will be noted that, the very low modulus 364 cable having an internal layer of the relatively high modulus cable, 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa, In this case, EI = 146 GPa.

[0595] It will also be noted that Q'=1 and here, N'=5 or 6, preferably N'=6. The N' outer wires F2' are wound helically around the Q'=1 inner wire F1' and are assembled within each outer strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 5 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 30 mm. Here p2'=5 mm. The helix angle γ' of each outer wire F2' in the outer layer C2' within each outer strand TE ranges from 5° to 26°, here y'=25.4°.

[0596] It will be noted that, as Q'=1, 28° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 86° and in this embodiment of the very low modulus cable 364, 34° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 86° and here 2α' + β' + γ'=64.8°.

[0597] It will also be noted that, as Q=1 and Q'=1, 64° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 200° and in the embodiment of the very low modulus cable 364, 100° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 200° and here 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ'=116.7°.

[0598] It should also be noted that EC / EI ≤ 0.59 and here EC / EI=0.58. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 27th MODE OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0599] A medium-module 365 cable according to a sixth embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0600] Among the differences between the 360 and 365 cables, it will be noted that the helix angle α of each internal strand TI in the internal layer CI ranges, in the case of the medium modulus cable 65, from 4° to 23° and in this case α=11°. The helix angle α' of each external strand TE in the external layer CE ranges, in the case of the medium modulus cable 65, from 10° to 27° and, in this case, α'=17°.

[0601] It should also be noted that Q>1, Q=2, 3 or 4, P=7, 8, 9 or 10, N=13, 14 or 15 and here Q=3, P=8 and N=13. The Q internal wires F1 are wound helically within each internal strand TI at a pitch p1 such that 5 mm ≤ p1 ≤ 15 mm. Here, p1=8 mm. The helix angle β of each internal wire F1 of the inner layer within each internal strand TI ranges from 4° to 17°, here β=6.7°. The P intermediate wires F2 are wound helically around the Q internal wires F1 and are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 10 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 20 mm. Here p2=15 mm. The helix angle δ of each intermediate wire F2 in the intermediate layer C2 within each inner strand TI ranges from 8° to 22°, here δ=9.8°. The N outer wires F3 are wound helically around the P intermediate wires F2 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p3 such that 10 mm ≤ p3 ≤ 40 mm. Here p3=20 mm.The helix angle γ of each outer wire F3 in the outer layer C3 within each inner strand TI ranges from 9° to 25°, here γ=11.9°.

[0602] It should also be noted that, in the case of the medium modulus 365 cable and as Q>1, 26° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ ≤ 97° and here, 3α + β + δ + γ=61.4°.

[0603] We also have, in the case of the medium modulus 365 cable, 78 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 100 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa. In the case of the medium modulus 365 cable comprising an internal layer having a relatively high modulus, 95 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa and here El=157 GPa.

[0604] It will also be noted that Q'=1, N'=5 or 6 and here preferably N'=6. The N' external wires F2' are wound in a helix around the Q'=1 internal wire F1' and are assembled within each external strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 5 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 30 mm. Here p2'=15 mm. The helix angle γ' of each external wire F2' in the external layer C2' within each external strand TE ranges from 5° to 26°, here γ'=8.8°.

[0605] It should be noted that, in the case of the medium modulus 365 cable, 30° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 64° and here as Q'=1, 30° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' < 62° and in this case, 2α' + β' + y'=44°.

[0606] Note that, in the case of the medium module 365 cable, 64° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 135° and, as Q>1 and Q'=1, 73° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 131°, and here, 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ'=105.4°.

[0607] We also have 0.60 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.20, preferably 0.80 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 1.15 and here EC / EI=0.91.

[0608] We also have 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa and in this embodiment of the medium modulus 365 cable, 131 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa. Here EC=143 GPa. CABLE ACCORDING TO A 28th< METHOD OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0609] A medium-module cable 366 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention will now be described. Elements similar to those of the cables previously described are designated by identical references.

[0610] Among the differences between the cables 365 and 366, it will be noted that Q=1, P=5 or 6 and N=10, 11 or 12, preferably Q=1, P=5 or 6 and N=10 or 11 and here, more preferably Q=1, P=6 and N=11. The P intermediate wires F2 are wound in a helix around the Q=1 internal wire F1 and are assembled within each internal strand TI at a pitch p2 such that 5 mm ≤ p2 ≤ 20 mm. Here p2=15 mm. The helix angle δ of each intermediate wire F2 in the intermediate layer C2 within each internal strand TI ranges from 6° to 30°, here δ=8.8°. The N outer wires F3 are helically wound around the P intermediate wires F2 and are assembled within each inner strand TI at a pitch p3 such that 10 mm ≤ p3 ≤ 40 mm. Here p3=25 mm. The helix angle γ of each outer wire F3 in the outer layer C3 within each inner strand TI ranges from 7° to 30°, here γ=10.3°.

[0611] It will also be noted that Q'=2, 3 or 4, preferably Q'=3 or 4. N'=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably N'=8, 9 or 10. With Q'=3, N'=7, 8 or 9 and in this case Q'=3, N'=8.

[0612] It should also be noted that the Q' internal wires F1' are assembled within each external strand TE at a pitch p1' such that 5 mm ≤ p1' ≤ 20 mm. Here p1'=8 mm. The helix angle β' of each internal wire F1' in the internal layer C1' within each external strand TE ranges from 4° to 17°, here β'=6.7°. The N' external wires F2' are helically wound around the Q' internal wires F1' and are assembled within each external strand TE at a pitch p2' such that 5 mm ≤ p2' ≤ 40 mm. Here p2'=15 mm. The helix angle γ' of each external wire F2' in the external layer C2' within each external strand TE ranges from 7° to 20°, here y'=9.8°.

[0613] It should be noted that, in the case of the medium modulus 366 cable and as Q'>1, 37° ≤ 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 64° and in this case, 2α' + β' + γ'=45.5°.

[0614] It should also be noted that, in the case of the medium modulus 366 cable and as Q=1 and Q'>1, 68° ≤ 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ' ≤ 127° and here 3α + β + δ + γ + 2α' + β' + γ'=101.5°.

[0615] It will be noted that each cable described above is metallic and is of the multi-strand type with two cylindrical layers. Thus, it is understood that the layers of strands constituting the cable are two in number, neither more nor less. The layers of strands are adjacent and concentric. It will also be noted that the cable is devoid of polymeric composition and elastomer composition when it is not integrated into the tire.

[0616] Tables 1 to 5 below summarize the characteristics of the cables described above as well as those of examples 2-1, 2-2 and 2-4 of WO2008026271 identified respectively by the letters T2-1, T2-2 and T2-4 in Tables 1 to 5.

[0617] In these tables 1 to 5, the measured EC moduli of the cables are reported. The force-elongation curves measured according to the ASTM D2969-04 standard of 2014 of the cables 60, 61 and 62 according to the invention are illustrated respectively on the figures 4, 5 And 7. In each of these figures, the tangent to the elastic part of the force-elongation curve is plotted in solid lines, allowing the calculation of the EC moduli. The structural elongations As, elastic Ae and plastic Ap have also been identified. The structural elongation As is measured between the origin and the intersection of the tangent to the elastic part with the abscissa axis. The elastic elongation Ae is measured between the intersection of the tangent to the elastic part with the abscissa axis and the intersection of the tangent to the elastic part with the ordinate corresponding to the elongation at break. The plastic elongation Ap is measured between the intersection of the tangent to the elastic part with the ordinate corresponding to the elongation at break and the elongation at break.

[0618] Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.

[0619] For reasons of industrial feasibility, cost and overall performance, it is preferred to implement the invention with linear, i.e. straight, wires. In other words, the wires used are not preformed before assembly.

[0620] It is also possible to combine the characteristics of the different embodiments described or envisaged above, provided that they are compatible with each other.

Claims

1. Two-layer multi-strand cord (60) having a modulus EC and comprising: - an internal layer (CI) of the cord made up of J>1 internal strands (TI) wound in a helix, each internal strand (TI) comprising: • an internal layer (C1) made up of Q≥1 internal threads (F1), and • an external layer (C2; C3) made up of N>1 external threads (F2; F3) wound around the internal layer (C1), - an external layer (CE) of the cord made up of L>1 external strands (TE) wound around the internal layer (CI) of the cord, each external strand (TE) comprising: • an internal layer (C1') made up of Q'≥1 internal threads (F1'), • an external layer (C2'; C3') made up of N'>1 external threads (F2'; F3') wound around the internal layer (C1'), characterized in that 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa, the modulus EC of a cord is measured on an as-manufactured cord, namely a cord without any elastomeric compound in which the cord would be embedded in order to form a ply and is calculated by measuring the gradient of the elastic portion of a force-elongation curve obtained by applying standard ASTM D2969-04 of 2014 to the cord tested, and then by apportioning this gradient to the metal cross section of the cord, and in that the internal layer (CI) of the cord have a modulus El, 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, the modulus El of the internal layer of the cord is measured by taking the internal layer of the cord either as-manufactured or by unravelling the external layer of external strands from the finished cord in order to obtain the internal layer of the cord alone and is calculated by measuring the gradient of the elastic portion of a force-elongation curve obtained by applying standard ASTM D2969-04 of 2014 to the internal layer of the cord tested, and then by apportioning this gradient to the metal cross section of the internal layer of the cord, and.in that El, 0.60 ≤ EC / El ≤ 1.20 or 0.40 ≤ EC / El ≤ 0.59 or 1.21 ≤ EC / EI ≤ 3.00.

2. Cord (60) according to the preceding claim, in which 50 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 89 GPa.

3. Cord (60) according to the preceding claim, in which 36 GPa ≤ El ≤ 175 GPa.

4. Cord (60) according to Claim 1, in which 90 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 130 GPa.

5. Cord (60) according to the preceding claim, in which 25 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 64 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa.

6. Cord (60) according to Claim 1, in which 131 GPa ≤ EC ≤ 160 GPa.

7. Cord (60) according to the preceding claim, in which 78 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa, preferably 100 GPa ≤ El ≤ 180 GPa.

8. Cord (60) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which J=2, 3 or 4, preferably J=3 or 4.

9. Cord (60) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which L=7, 8, 9 or 10, preferably L=8, 9 or 10 and more preferentially L=8 or 9.

10. Cord (60) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the external layer (CE) of the cord is desaturated.

11. Tyre (10), characterized in that it comprises a cord (60) according to any one of the preceding claims.

12. Tyre (10) according to the preceding claim, comprising a carcass reinforcement (24) anchored in two beads (18) and surmounted radially by a crown reinforcement (14) which is itself surmounted by a tread (22), the crown reinforcement (14) being joined to the said beads (18) by two sidewalls (16), the crown reinforcement (14) comprising at least one cord (60) according to any one of Claims 1 to 10.