Ventilation system für a building

Abstract

A decentralized ventilation system (1) for ventilating a building (10) comprises a storage element (11), a ventilation chamber (2), an air conveying element (3) arranged in the ventilation chamber (2), an air transport duct (4), an exchange duct (5), a connecting element (6), and a connection element (7) for supplying or expelling ambient air. The air conveying element (3) is in fluid-conducting communication with the connection element (7) and the air transport duct (4), so that air can either be conveyed from the connection element (7) into the air transport duct (4) or air can be conveyed from the air transport duct (4) into the connection element (7). The ventilation chamber (2) is in fluid-conducting communication with the connecting element (6). The connecting element (6) is in fluid-conducting communication with the air transport duct (4) via the exchange duct (5).The ventilation space (2) contains a common surface with the storage element (11), so that heat energy can be transferred from the storage element (11) to the air in the ventilation space (2) or heat energy can be transferred from the air in the ventilation space (2) to the storage element (11).

Description

background

[0001] The present invention relates to a ventilation system for a building. In particular, the invention relates to a ventilation system for an enclosed space or a plurality of spaces, for example an office, a training room, a production hall, a room in an apartment or in a residential building.

[0002] The invention also relates to a method and a system for temperature control of a building. State of the art

[0003] From EP 1 470 372 B1, a thermoactive wall and ceiling element is known which can be installed in new or existing buildings to heat or cool rooms, thereby contributing in particular to the efficient use of renewable energy sources by temporarily storing heat. Furthermore, the indoor climate can be adapted more efficiently and cost-effectively to individual needs. The wall and ceiling element according to EP 1 470 372 B1 contains a closed box for the temporary storage of heat as a latent heat storage medium. The box contains a phase change material based on normal paraffin or a salt hydrate, with the addition of heat-conducting fins or graphite to increase the thermal conductivity of the phase change material.The box can switch between heat storage and heat transfer modes by means of a drive element, for example an electrochemical actuator, whose position relative to a heat transfer element, for example a finned structure with a heating and cooling tube, can be changed so that in storage mode there is an air gap between the box and the heat transfer element, and in heat transfer mode the box rests on the heat transfer element. Instead of a phase-change material, a non-structural element can be arranged on a structural element in an intermediate floor cavity, which forms a storage element, as described in DE69525672T2. The non-structural element is designed as a layer, whereby air can flow between the layer and the surface of the storage element to increase the heat transfer between the air and the structural element.This document uses a central ventilation system.

[0004] One disadvantage of this solution is that the unit requires additional space. Therefore, solutions are also used in which pipe registers are integrated into building components containing water for heating or cooling; these are known as thermoactive building component systems. These thermoactive building component systems are characterized by the fact that surface temperature control is achieved by the water-filled pipe registers over a large surface area, such as a wall, ceiling, or floor. Surface temperature control is achieved by utilizing small temperature differences between the room temperature and the water temperature. In particular, the heat storage capacity of concrete can be used for room temperature control. For this purpose, the pipe registers are integrated into a concrete slab serving as a ceiling element, wall element, or floor element.Such a pipe register typically consists of plastic pipes embedded in concrete slabs or capillary tube mats through which water flows as a heating or cooling medium, with the water temperature usually ranging from 18 to 28 degrees Celsius. The achievable room temperature can range from 21 to 24 degrees Celsius in winter and from 23 to 26 degrees Celsius in summer.

[0005] However, the use of thermally activated building systems reaches its limits when cooling requirements increase due to rising temperatures caused by climate change, or when the building's use changes. These factors must therefore be considered during the building planning phase. For example, solar energy can be integrated into the heating concept, as described in document KR102241214 B1. However, a latent heat storage system is also required for this heating concept to store the solar-generated heat energy for later use.

[0006] Furthermore, it has proven disadvantageous in previously known solutions that the humidity of the room air generally decreases during the heating season. The heated air is extracted from the system and, according to KR102241214 B1, released into the environment. Since the warm air can hold more moisture than the cold air supplied to the solar heating system during the heating season, this results in a gradual reduction in the humidity of the room air.

[0007] The previously known ventilation systems are thus characterized by a large space requirement, high energy consumption for air handling, and high pressure losses. Furthermore, thermal comfort is limited, as drafts can occur or humidity levels are low during the winter months. In addition, disruptive air noise can be a problem. For all these reasons, such previously known ventilation systems can also be associated with high investment and operating costs.

[0008] Therefore, a ventilation system is needed to distribute heat energy for heating or cooling the building as required. Furthermore, a ventilation system is needed to prevent or at least delay a reduction in humidity. Object of the invention

[0009] The object of the invention is to develop a ventilation system which can be used for the ventilation, heating and cooling of a building and which can be operated largely without additional heating devices, cooling devices or humidifying devices.

[0010] It is an object of the invention to provide a method and a system for temperature control of a building by means of which the energy requirement can be significantly reduced compared to conventional heating or cooling methods. Description of the invention

[0011] The problem of the invention is solved by a decentralized ventilation system according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the ventilation system are the subject of claims 2 to 15.

[0012] When the term "for example" is used in the following description, it refers to exemplary embodiments and / or configurations, which is not necessarily to be understood as a preferred application of the teaching of the invention. Similarly, the terms "preferably" and "preferred" are to be understood as referring to one example from a set of exemplary embodiments and / or configurations, which is not necessarily to be understood as a preferred application of the teaching of the invention. Accordingly, the terms "for example," "preferably," or "preferred" may refer to a plurality of exemplary embodiments and / or configurations.

[0013] The following detailed description contains various embodiments of the ventilation system according to the invention, as well as the building temperature control system and the inventive method. The description of a specific ventilation system or building temperature control system, as well as the inventive building temperature control method, is to be considered exemplary only. In the description and the claims, the terms "include," "comprise," and "feature" are interpreted as "include, but not be limited to."

[0014] The decentralized ventilation system according to the invention for ventilating a building comprises a storage element, a ventilation chamber, an air conveying element arranged in the ventilation chamber, an air transport duct, an exchange duct, a connecting element, and a connection element for supplying or expelling ambient air. The air conveying element is in fluid-conducting communication with the connection element and the air transport duct and can either convey air from the connection element into the air transport duct or convey air from the air transport duct into the connection element. The ventilation chamber is in fluid-conducting communication with the connecting element. The connecting element is in fluid-conducting communication with the air transport duct via the exchange duct.The ventilation chamber shares a common surface with the storage element, allowing heat energy to be transferred from the storage element to the ventilation chamber or vice versa. The exchange duct contains duct walls for the exchange of water and heat, with at least one of the duct walls containing a hygroscopic material. The duct walls of the exchange duct are thus designed to absorb or release heat and water, the water being in a vaporous state, hereinafter referred to as water vapor. In particular, the hygroscopic material can comprise a wood-based material or clay.

[0015] In particular, the wood-based material can have a heat capacity ranging from 2000 to 2720 J / kg K inclusive. For example, the wood-based material can contain BauBuche. The heat capacity of BauBuche is approximately 2021 J / kg K.

[0016] For example, the wood-based material can contain spruce. The heat capacity of spruce is approximately 2720 J / kg K.

[0017] A decentralized ventilation system is surprisingly advantageous because the system components are distributed throughout the building. Therefore, the system components require less installation space because they are smaller than those found in conventional centralized ventilation systems. Furthermore, centralized ventilation systems require connecting ducts that span multiple zones, which are completely unnecessary in a decentralized system.

[0018] When air is conveyed from the connection element into the ventilation space, this process is referred to below as the first operating mode. When air is conveyed from the ventilation space into the connection element, this process is referred to below as the second operating mode. Each of the first and second operating modes constitutes a cycle.

[0019] In particular, the air conveying element is switchable, which means that the direction of airflow into the air transport duct, the exchange duct, and the connecting element can be reversed. The air conveying element operates by alternately supplying and extracting air from the ventilation space. Specifically, the air conveying element can be switched periodically.

[0020] The operating principle is modeled on the human breathing process. The ventilation chamber corresponds to the lungs, except that instead of oxygen transfer, heat is transferred from the storage element to the air flowing in the ventilation chamber, or heat is released from the air flowing in the ventilation chamber to the storage element. The airways correspond to the air transport duct, the exchange duct, and the connecting element. The diaphragm, responsible for air transport, corresponds to the air delivery element. The nose, for fresh air intake and stale air expulsion, corresponds to the connection element. The connection element establishes the link to the environment, typically a facade opening. The connection element can thus be in fluid-conducting contact with the building's surroundings.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the connecting element is designed either as a ventilation element or as a venting element.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the connecting element is designed either as an air inlet element or as an air outlet element.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the air handling element comprises a fan. In particular, the fan can generate the required volume of air for an enclosed space if the ventilation space contains no other airflow sources or is not connected to other airflow sources. The fan can be arranged in a fan housing. Sound-dampening means can be arranged in the fan housing, enabling particularly quiet operation of the air handling element. Furthermore, the air handling element can include a heat recovery system or a heat exchanger.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the heat exchange channel is designed as a slot between two wooden support elements. A slot is only one embodiment of a heat exchange channel. The heat exchange channel can, for example, be tubular. In particular, the heat exchange channel can contain several sub-channels. According to another embodiment, the heat exchange channel contains diverting or deflecting elements to increase the available heat exchange surface.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the storage element comprises a concrete slab. However, the heat storage function of a concrete slab, such as one embedded in a floor slab, is not strictly necessary. According to another embodiment, the storage element can include a thermal floor. This embodiment is particularly suitable for applications requiring only a smaller storage mass. For example, the thermal floor can contain multiple pipe elements for a heat transfer fluid.

[0026] Furthermore, the ventilation system according to the invention can be combined with other heating or cooling systems. Examples of heating systems include radiant ceilings, underfloor heating, or wall heating panels. Examples of cooling systems include chilled ceilings or wall cooling panels.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the storage element includes at least one pipe element for circulating a heat transfer fluid. In particular, water can be used as the heat transfer fluid. A plate element through which water flows, for example a wall, a floor element, or a floor slab, is not strictly necessary.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the air conveying element is switchable to reverse the direction of airflow.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the connection element is designed as a facade opening. In particular, the facade opening can be equipped with weather protection to prevent moisture from penetrating the building.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the ventilation system comprises a control unit and / or a regulation unit. In particular, a cycle for free cooling can be defined by means of the control unit and / or regulation unit, depending on a temperature difference. The temperature difference can be understood to be, in particular, the temperature difference between the ambient air, i.e., the outside air, and the air in the room. Free cooling occurs when the temperature range of the outside air is between 16 degrees Celsius and 20 degrees Celsius inclusive. Depending on the outside air temperature and the room air temperature, the cycle is adjusted so that the supply air temperature is optimized for energy efficiency. The supply air temperature is the temperature at which the supply air enters the room. If heat recovery is provided, the outside air must be heated or cooled so that it can be supplied within the comfort range.Conditioning occurs through the heating or cooling of the outside air. This conditioning process transforms the outside air into supply air. In other words, supply air is created from the outside air through conditioning.

[0031] The comfort range refers to thermal comfort as defined by ISO 7730:2006-05. ISO 7730:2006-05 defines the comfort range for the following parameters: room air temperature, room air humidity, room air velocity, turbulence intensity of the room airflow, radiation asymmetries, and temperature gradients. In particular, the supply air temperature can be adjusted to ensure thermal comfort according to ISO 7730:2006-05 Class A and / or Class B. Specifically, a ventilation system according to the invention can exhibit a draft risk of no more than 10% according to DIN EN ISO 7730:2006-05 and meet Class A requirements of DIN EN ISO 7730:2006-05. In particular, a ventilation system according to the invention can have a draft risk of a maximum of 20%, wherein the air temperature is in the range of 20°C to and including 24°C, wherein the turbulence level is up to a maximum of 40%, and wherein the air velocity is a maximum of 0.22 m / s.Preferably, a ventilation system according to the invention can have a draft risk of a maximum of 20%, wherein the air temperature is in the range of 20°C to 24°C inclusive, the turbulence level is up to a maximum of 40%, and the air velocity is in the range of 0.16 m / s to 0.22 m / s inclusive. Particularly preferably, the ventilation system can have a draft risk of up to a maximum of 10%, wherein the air temperature is in the range of 20°C to 24°C inclusive, the turbulence level is up to a maximum of 40%, and the air velocity is in the range of 0.1 m / s to 0.15 m / s inclusive.

[0032] The cycle can comprise a first operating mode or a second operating mode. The first operating mode can correspond to the process of inhalation and is characterized by a first period. The second operating mode can correspond to the process of exhalation and is characterized by a second period. If the first period or the second period is each in the range of at least 30 seconds up to and including 300 seconds, the heat exchanged can exceed 95% of the potential heat transfer. The exchanged water vapor, i.e., the water vapor absorbed or released through the duct walls, can exceed 95% of the potential water vapor exchange if the first period or the second period is each in the range of at least 30 seconds up to and including 300 seconds. For water vapor, the percentages are to be understood as weight percent.

[0033] If the first or second period is in the range of at least 20 minutes up to and including 60 minutes, the heat exchanged may be less than 95% of the potential heat transfer. The exchanged water vapor, i.e., the water vapor absorbed or released through the channel walls, may be less than 95% of the potential water vapor exchanged if the first or second period is in the range of at least 20 minutes up to and including 60 minutes. For water vapor, the percentages are to be understood as weight percent.

[0034] If necessary, a pause may precede or follow the inhalation process. Similarly, a pause may precede or follow the exhalation process. Specifically, the cycle includes the first and second operating modes and all associated pauses. The period duration may be the same for both the first and second operating modes. In the first operating mode, the air conveying element may be configured to allow air to flow from the connection element into the ventilation space. In the second operating mode, the air conveying element may be configured to allow air to flow from the ventilation space to the connection element.

[0035] The operating period can be shorter for the first operating mode than for the second if the flow velocity in the connection element is higher when entering the ventilation system than when exiting it. For example, if wind hits the connection element, the wind speed adds to the flow velocity that can be generated by the air conveying element, such as when the connection element is located on the upwind side.

[0036] The operating period can be longer for the first operating mode than for the second if the flow velocity in the connection element is lower when entering the ventilation system than when exiting it. If the connection element is located on the leeward side of the building, the air handling unit must also compensate for the resulting negative pressure. Therefore, any difference in air volume can be compensated for by extending the operating period of the first mode and correspondingly reducing the operating period of the second mode.

[0037] If no wind forces are to be considered, the cycle can, for example, include a first operating mode with a period of 30 seconds and a second operating mode with a period of 30 seconds. If the connection element is located on the upwind side, the cycle can accordingly include a first operating mode with a period of 20 seconds and a second operating mode with a period of 40 seconds. If the connection element is located on the leeward side, the cycle can accordingly include a first operating mode with a period of 35 seconds and a second operating mode with a period of 25 seconds. The period values ​​are for illustrative purposes only.

[0038] A period can range from 30 seconds to 20 minutes inclusive. The upper limit for the period depends primarily on the heat and moisture exchange behavior of the wooden support elements. Furthermore, the period is limited by the development of the unsteady flow.

[0039] In particular, the thermal efficiency of a storage element 100 mm thick can be equivalent to that of a storage element approximately 300 mm thick. Energy transfer is made possible by the storage element. Thermal energy can be transferred from the air to the storage element and stored there until it can be released back into the cooler air (for example, overnight).

[0040] The air transport duct can be designed as an air distribution duct or an air collection duct.

[0041] In the ventilation room, a non-steady-state flow condition can be created by alternating ventilation and exhaust. It has been shown that a non-steady-state room airflow results in outstanding comfort. In particular, heat recovery can exceed 90%. Water recovery can also exceed 80%. The use of the ventilation system according to the invention does not require central ventilation units. The use of the decentralized ventilation system according to the invention does not require air distribution ducts for the horizontal or vertical distribution of air from central ventilation units to the rooms.

[0042] A method for temperature control of a building comprises a storage element, a circuit for at least one heating medium or a coolant, wherein the storage element contains at least a part of the circuit in which the heating medium or coolant is conveyed, and wherein the storage element contains a balancing circuit containing a balancing medium which circulates in the balancing circuit.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the storage element comprises a first circuit in which the heating medium can be conveyed, and a second circuit in which the coolant is conveyed. The first circuit is thus designed for conveying a heating medium. The second circuit is designed for conveying a coolant. The equalization circuit contains the equalization agent. According to a preferred method variant, the equalization circuit includes a conveying means by which the equalization agent can be conveyed within the equalization circuit. This variant allows for a further improvement in heat exchange or accelerated temperature equalization via the storage element(s).

[0044] According to a preferred method variant, the circuit contains at least one shut-off device, so that a supply of at least one of the heating media or coolants to the storage element(s) only occurs when a temperature control requirement is detected for the storage element in question, which cannot be achieved by means of the balancing medium. This method variant ensures that only a minimal energy input to or output from the system is required. Thus, this variant leads to a surprisingly higher energy efficiency.

[0045] A building temperature control system comprises a storage element and a circuit designed to circulate a heating medium or coolant within the storage element. The storage element includes a balancing circuit designed to circulate a balancing medium, with both the circuit and the balancing circuit being at least partially located within the storage element.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the system for temperature control of a building comprises a storage element, a first circuit designed to convey a heating medium, a second circuit designed to convey a coolant, and the equalization circuit containing an equalization medium, wherein the first and second circuits and the equalization circuit are at least partially arranged in the storage element.

[0047] According to one embodiment, the heating medium comprises a heating fluid which can be guided through the storage element in a fluid line, allowing it to flow through the fluid line arranged in the storage element. In particular, the fluid line can be designed as a heating line.

[0048] According to one embodiment, the coolant comprises a cooling fluid which can be guided through the storage element in a fluid line, allowing it to flow through the fluid line arranged in the storage element. In particular, the fluid line can be designed as a cooling line.

[0049] According to one embodiment, the fluid line is alternatively supplied with a heating fluid or a cooling fluid. According to one embodiment, a heating line is provided for the heating fluid and a cooling line for the cooling fluid. In particular, the heating line is designed only for the heating fluid and the cooling line only for the cooling fluid. According to one embodiment, the equalization circuit is designed as a closed circuit. According to one embodiment, the equalization circuit contains a conveying medium for the equalization medium. According to one embodiment, the equalization medium comprises a temperature control fluid, which can be guided through the storage element in an equalization line; in other words, the temperature control fluid can flow through the storage element in an equalization line.If the compensating medium is designed as a temperature control fluid, it can flow in the compensating line of the compensating circuit. A conveying device, such as a pump, can be connected to the compensating line for this purpose. This embodiment has the advantage that the temperature control fluid can always circulate through the storage element(s), allowing a temperature average to be established. According to one embodiment, at least the circuit or the compensating circuit extends over a plurality of storage elements. In particular, the first circuit, the second circuit, and the compensating circuit extend over a plurality of storage elements.

[0050] When multiple storage elements are connected via the equalization circuit, a uniform temperature average is established for all of them. Therefore, if several storage elements are installed in a building, the equalization circuit can compensate for site-specific influences caused by the building's orientation. For example, the temperature is equalized between the south-facing and north-facing storage elements connected to the equalization circuit, resulting in a homogeneous core temperature for the thermal mass storage.

[0051] In particular, a shut-off device can be assigned to the storage element or each of the storage elements, such that a compensating agent can only be supplied to the storage element or each of the storage elements when the corresponding shut-off device is open. In particular, the shut-off device can be designed as a valve if the compensating agent is designed as a temperature control fluid. In particular, the shut-off device is only opened when a need for temperature control is detected for the storage element in question.

[0052] In particular, the circuit or the first and second circuits may contain at least a shut-off device to prevent the supply of at least one of the heating media or coolants to the storage element or storage elements.

[0053] A so-called "breathing building" and the decentralized ventilation system, which uses "communicating energy", are solutions that can be used without complex installations.

[0054] Both a "breathing building" and a ventilation system utilizing "communicating energy" offer significant environmental benefits when used individually, as energy consumption is surprisingly and noticeably reduced. However, a "breathing building" and a ventilation system using "communicating energy" do not necessarily have to be combined. In other words, a decentralized ventilation system can also achieve a surprising reduction in energy consumption in other applications.

[0055] Furthermore, lower investment and operating costs result in increased economic benefits. In addition to reduced environmental impact, the ventilation system according to the invention also provides improved thermal comfort. Brief description of the drawings

[0056] The ventilation system according to the invention is described below using several exemplary embodiments. These show Fig. 1 an arrangement of a ventilation system according to the invention in a building, Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the ventilation system in a room of the building, Fig. 3 a view from below of the ventilation system during an inhalation period, Fig. 4 a view from below of the ventilation system during an exhalation period, Fig. 5a a section through an exchange channel according to a first embodiment, Fig. 5ba section through an exchange channel according to a second embodiment, Fig. 5c a section through an exchange channel according to a third embodiment, Fig. 5d a section through an exchange channel according to a fourth embodiment, Fig. 5e a section through an exchange channel according to a fifth embodiment, Fig. 6a shows a view of an air conveying element according to an exemplary embodiment, Fig. 6b a view of the air conveying element according to Fig. 6a in an alternative operating state, Fig. 7a a view of a storage element according to a first embodiment, Fig. 7b a section through the storage element according to Fig. 7a according to a first variant, Fig. 7c a section through the storage element according to Fig. 7a according to a second variant, Fig. 8a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a system for temperature control of a building, Fig. 9 A schematic representation of a second embodiment of a system for temperature control in a building. Detailed description of the drawings

[0057] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows an arrangement of a ventilation system 1 according to the invention in a building 10. The building 10 comprises a plurality of rooms, the ceiling area of ​​which contains a plurality of ventilation systems 1.

[0058] Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of one of the rooms of building 10 according to Fig. 1, in which four ventilation systems 1 are shown as examples, whereby the lower room boundary has been omitted for the sake of simplicity. Only one of the ventilation systems 1 is labeled; the other three ventilation systems have the same structure. Therefore, for the description of the three other ventilation systems, reference is made to the following description of the ventilation system 1 on the right side of the drawing.

[0059] The ventilation system 1 for ventilating a building 10 comprises a storage element 11, a ventilation chamber 2, an air conveying element 3 arranged in the ventilation chamber 2, an air transport duct 4, an exchange duct 5, a connecting element 6 and a connection element 7 not visible in this illustration (see Fig. 3) for supplying or expelling ambient air. The air conveying element 3 is in fluid-conducting communication with the connection element 7 and the air transport channel 4, so that either air can be conveyed from the connection element 7 into the air transport channel 4 or air can be conveyed from the air transport channel 4 into the connection element 7.

[0060] Two of the in Fig. 2 The ventilation systems shown depict a first operating mode, according to which air can be conveyed from the connection element 7 into the air transport duct 4 by means of the air conveying element 3, from there into the exchange duct 5, flows through the exchange duct 5 and then into the ventilation room 2 via the connecting element 6. The air flows through the ventilation room 2 in a non-steady flow and can leave it via the openings 8 located on its side to enter room 9 in order to temper room 9 as required.

[0061] Two of the in Fig. 2 The ventilation systems shown depict a second operating mode in which air is drawn from ventilation chamber 2 into the connecting element 6, then enters the exchange duct 5, flows through the exchange duct 5, from there enters the air transport duct 4, and is then conveyed beyond the system boundaries via the connection element 7 to the surrounding area of ​​the building by means of the air conveying element 3. The air flows in an unsteady flow from chamber 9 through the openings 8 into ventilation chamber 2 and can leave this chamber via the connecting element(s) 6 to be discharged from the ventilation system.

[0062] Ventilation system 1 can periodically switch between the first and second operating modes. Each of the first or second operating modes can also be referred to as a cycle.

[0063] Moisture can be absorbed in the exchange duct 5 when air flows from connection element 7 into ventilation space 2 during the first operating mode. Moisture can be released from the exchange duct 5 when air is extracted from ventilation space 2 during the second operating mode. If the walls of the exchange duct 5 contain or are made of wood, the wood can absorb at least some of the moisture from the air in ventilation space 2. Warm air can be cooled in the exchange duct 5. When the warm air from ventilation space 2 is cooled, it can hold less moisture, which is then absorbed by the wood.

[0064] When the ventilation system switches from the second to the first operating mode, cool ambient air, which is blown into the building through the connection element 7, can absorb heat and moisture as it flows through the exchange duct 5, so that the air enters ventilation room 2 already pre-warmed and with increased humidity. If the air in ventilation room 2 is to be heated further, heat is transferred from storage element 11 to the air flowing along the wall of storage element 11. The pre-warmed and humidified air is then supplied to room 9 via the openings 8.

[0065] When the ventilation system switches from the first to the second operating mode, warm air from room 9 can enter ventilation room 2 through the openings 8. Ventilation room 2 shares a common surface with the storage element 11, allowing heat energy to be transferred from the air in ventilation room 2 to the storage element 11. The excess heat energy from the warm air can thus be absorbed by the storage element 11 and retained until the next cycle begins. Further heat energy and moisture are extracted from the air in the exchange duct 5, making it available again for the next cycle.

[0066] The first operating mode corresponds to inhalation and is subsequently referred to as the inhalation period. The second operating mode corresponds to exhalation and is subsequently referred to as the exhalation period.

[0067] Fig. 3Figure 1 shows a bottom view of the ventilation system during the intake period. The ventilation system 1 for ventilating a building 10 comprises a storage element 11, a ventilation chamber 2, an air conveying element 3 arranged in the ventilation chamber 2, an air transport duct 4, an exchange duct 5, a connecting element 6, and a connection element 7 for supplying or expelling ambient air. The air conveying element 3 is in fluid-conducting communication with the connection element 7 and the air transport duct 4, so that air can either be conveyed from the connection element 7 into the air transport duct 4 or air can be conveyed from the air transport duct 4 into the connection element 7. The ventilation chamber 2 is in fluid-conducting communication with the connecting element 6, which in turn is in fluid-conducting communication with the air transport duct 4 via the exchange duct 5.The ventilation chamber 2 shares a common surface with the storage element 11, allowing heat energy to be transferred from the storage element 11 to the air in the ventilation chamber 2, or vice versa. The air conveying element 3 may include a fan.

[0068] The connecting element 6 is according to Fig. 3 The connection element 7 is designed as a ventilation element. The connection element 7 is designed as an air inlet element.

[0069] According to this embodiment, the exchange channel 5 is designed as a slot between two wooden support elements.

[0070] The storage element 11 can comprise a concrete slab. The storage element 11 contains at least one pipe element 12 for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid, which is schematically shown in Fig. 2This is indicated. In particular, a plurality of pipe elements 12 can be provided. An example of an arrangement of pipe elements 12 in a storage element is shown in Fig. 6 shown in EP 1 470 372 B1. These pipe elements are designed as capillary tubes embedded in a pipe mat. This solution improves controllability.

[0071] Fig. 4 shows a view from below of ventilation system 1 during the exhalation period. This representation differs from Fig. 3 in that the connecting element 6 is designed as a venting element. The connecting element 7 is designed as an air outlet element.

[0072] The ventilation system 1 according to Fig. 3 or Fig. 4The system comprises a control unit and / or a regulation unit 13. The control unit and / or regulation unit 13 can be used, for example, to define the duration of a cycle. The cycle can include a first operating mode or a second operating mode. In the first operating mode, the air conveying element 3 can be configured so that air can flow from the connection element 7 into the ventilation space 2. In the second operating mode, the air conveying element 3 can be configured so that air can flow from the ventilation space 2 to the connection element 7. The cycle can, in particular, have a duration of 10 seconds up to a maximum of one minute.

[0073] Fig. 5a Figure 1 shows a section through a beam element 14 containing an exchange channel 5 according to a first embodiment. The exchange channel 5 contains a cavity 15, which is designed as a slot.

[0074] Fig. 5bFigure 1 shows a section through an exchange channel 5 according to a second embodiment. The exchange channel is formed as a first recess 17 in a first beam element 14 and a second recess 18 in a second beam element 16. When the first beam element 14 and the second beam element 16 are joined together, a cavity 15 is formed by the first recess 17 and the second recess 18.

[0075] Fig. 5c Figure 1 shows a section through an exchange channel 5 according to a third embodiment. The exchange channel 5 comprises a plurality of cavities 15. According to this embodiment, the cavities 15 are designed as channels with a square cross-section.

[0076] Fig. 5dFigure 5 shows a section through an exchange channel according to a fourth embodiment. The exchange channel 5 comprises a plurality of cavities 15. According to this embodiment, the cavities 15 are designed as channels with a rectangular cross-section.

[0077] Fig. 5e Figure 5 shows a cross-section through an exchange channel according to a fifth embodiment. The exchange channel 5 comprises a plurality of cavities 15. According to this embodiment, the cavities 15 are designed as channels with a circular cross-section. An exemplary deflecting element 19 is also arranged in one of the cavities, which disrupts the airflow and thereby serves to improve heat exchange and / or the deposition or absorption of moisture.

[0078] Figs. 5a to 5eThese are just a few examples of how the exchange channel can be designed. These variations can be combined in any way to improve at least one of the effects: heat exchange or the absorption or release of moisture.

[0079] Fig. 6aFigure 1 shows a view of an air conveying element 3 according to an exemplary embodiment. The air conveying element 3 conveys air from the ventilation chamber 2 (not shown here) via the air transport duct 4 into the connection element 7. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the air conveying element 3 comprises a first section, a second section, and a third section. In the first section, the air transport duct 4 divides into a first sub-duct 24 and a second sub-duct 25. A first flap 26 is arranged in the first sub-duct 24. A second flap 27 is arranged in the second sub-duct 25. A fan 30 is arranged in the second section, which connects to the first section. A third section connects to the second section and comprises a third sub-duct 28 and a fourth sub-duct 29. A third flap 31 is arranged in the third sub-duct 28. A fourth flap 32 is arranged in the fourth sub-duct 29.

[0080] If air from the ventilation chamber 3 is to pass into the connection element 7 and from there to the outside, air flows from the ventilation chamber into the air transport duct 4, as described, for example, in the previous embodiments. In the first section, the first flap 26 is closed and the second flap 27 is open, so that the air can only flow through the second sub-duct 25. In the second section, the air is conveyed into the third section by means of the fan 30. In the third section, the third flap 31, which can close the third sub-duct 28, is open, and the fourth flap 32 is closed, thus closing the fourth sub-duct 29. This operating mode corresponds to the exhalation process. The air therefore only enters the connection element 7 through the third sub-duct 28.

[0081] In Fig. 6b The air conveying element 3 according to Fig. 6aThe diagram shows the state in which air flows into the ventilation space. The air flows from the connection element 7 through the air conveying element 3 into the air transport duct 4 and from there into the ventilation space, for example, as described in the preceding embodiments. This process thus corresponds to the process of inhalation. In the third section, the third flap 31 is closed and the fourth flap 32 is open, so that the air can only flow through the fourth sub-duct 29. In the second section, the air is conveyed into the first section by means of the fan 30. In the first section, the first flap 27, which can close the first sub-duct 24, is open, and the second flap 27 is closed, thus closing the second sub-duct 25. This operating mode corresponds to the inhalation process. The air thus enters the ventilation space only through the fourth sub-duct 29 from the connection element 7 via the first sub-duct 24.

[0082] One advantage of this arrangement is that the fan 30 can remain stationary and the airflow direction does not need to be reversed by the fan. Another advantage of this arrangement is that, if necessary, the connection between the connection element 7 and the ventilation chamber 2 can be interrupted by either keeping the first flap 26 and the second flap 27 in the closed position, or keeping the third flap 31 and the fourth flap 32 closed. This operating state can also be referred to as the flow-free state or neutral operation.

[0083] Fig. 7aFigure 1 shows a view of a storage element 11, which can be used for a ventilation system 1 according to one of the preceding embodiments. The storage element 11 contains a storage plate element 20, which rests on a supporting structure. The supporting structure can comprise a plurality of load-bearing beams 21, which serve as supports for the storage element 11. The load-bearing beams 21 can in turn be supported on crossbeams 22, which rest on wall elements 23. Between the load-bearing beams 21 and the crossbeams 22 (only a single crossbeam 22 is shown in the illustration according to Figure 1) Fig. 7a(As shown by way of example) an intermediate space 24 is formed in which various pipe elements 12 can be laid, for example for supplying the building with hot water, cold water, electricity or for transporting heat transfer media for heating or cooling the building. One of these pipe elements can contain water for temperature control of the storage plate element 20, i.e. either hot water for heating the storage plate element 20 or cold water for cooling the storage plate element 20.

[0084] Fig. 7b shows a cross-section through a storage disk element 20 according to Fig. 7aAccording to a first variant along the section plane AA, the storage plate element 20 contains a conduit element 40, which is designed to hold a heat transfer fluid. For example, the conduit element 40 can be designed to hold hot or cold water. The conduit element 40 can be designed, in particular, such that the heat transfer fluid can be distributed as evenly as possible over the surface of the storage plate element 20. For example, the conduit element 40 can be designed as a coiled pipe.

[0085] Fig. 7c shows a cross-section through a storage disk element 20 according to Fig. 7aAccording to a second variant along the section plane AA, the storage plate element 20 contains a conduit element 40, which is designed to hold a heat transfer fluid. For example, the conduit element 40 can be designed to hold hot or cold water. The conduit element 40 can be designed, in particular, such that the heat transfer fluid can be distributed as evenly as possible over the surface of the storage plate element 20. For example, the conduit element 40 can be designed as a tube bundle.

[0086] A storage element 11 can also be designed as a suspended ceiling or be a component of a suspended ceiling. A suspended ceiling can be optionally provided to improve room acoustics or may be advantageous for architectural reasons. The suspended ceiling can contain a heating or cooling device. Alternatively or additionally, a composite concrete element according to EP 3 128 244 B1 can be provided.

[0087] Fig. 8 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a system for temperature control of a building, which includes a heat exchange in a storage element 11.

[0088] The system for temperature control of a building comprises a storage element 11, a circuit 33 designed for conveying a heating medium or a coolant and a balancing circuit 34 containing a balancing medium, wherein the circuit 33 and the balancing circuit 34 are at least partially arranged in the storage element 11.

[0089] According to one embodiment, the heating medium comprises a heating fluid that can flow through the storage element 11 in fluid lines. In particular, the fluid lines can be designed as heating lines. According to one embodiment, the coolant comprises a cooling fluid that can flow through the storage element in fluid lines. In particular, the fluid lines can be designed as cooling lines.

[0090] According to the in Fig. 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid lines are alternatively supplied with a heating fluid or a cooling fluid.

[0091] According to this embodiment, the compensating medium comprises a temperature control fluid that can flow in compensating lines. According to this embodiment, the compensating circuit 34 is designed as a closed circuit. If the compensating medium is designed as a temperature control fluid, the temperature control fluid can flow in the compensating lines of the compensating circuit. A conveying medium 38, for example a pump, can be connected to the compensating lines for this purpose. This embodiment has the advantage that the temperature control fluid can always circulate through the storage element(s), so that an average temperature can be set. According to this embodiment, the circuit 33 and the compensating circuit 34 extend over a plurality of storage elements 11.

[0092] When several storage elements 11 are connected to each other via the equalization circuit 34, an average temperature is established for all storage elements 11. Therefore, if several storage elements 11 are provided in a building, site-specific influences caused by the building's orientation in different directions can be compensated for by the equalization circuit 34. For example, temperature equalization occurs between the south-facing and north-facing storage elements 11 connected to the equalization circuit 34, thus ensuring a homogeneous core temperature for the mass storage.

[0093] In particular, each of the storage elements 11 can be assigned a shut-off device 39, such that a compensating agent is supplied to each of the storage elements 11 only when the corresponding shut-off device 39 is open. In particular, the shut-off device 39 can be designed as a valve if the compensating agent is designed as a temperature control fluid. In particular, the shut-off device 39 is only opened when a need for temperature control is detected for the storage element 11 in question.

[0094] In particular, the circuit 33 can contain at least one shut-off device 36, 37 to prevent the supply of at least one of the heating media or coolants to the storage element 11 or to the storage elements 11.

[0095] Fig. 9 This shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a system for temperature control in a building. According to the in Fig. 9In the illustrated embodiment, the system for temperature control of a building comprises a storage element 11, a first circuit 41 configured for conveying a heating medium, a second circuit 42 configured for conveying a coolant, and a balancing circuit 44 containing a balancing medium, wherein the first circuit 41, the second circuit 42, and the balancing circuit 44 are at least partially arranged within the storage element 11. In particular, the first circuit 41, the second circuit 42, and the balancing circuit 44 can extend over a plurality of storage elements 11.

[0096] The system according to Fig. 9The system thus contains three circuits, the first circuit 41 being designed for conveying a heating medium, the second circuit 42 being designed for conveying a coolant, and the compensating circuit 44 containing a compensating medium. If the heating medium is a heating fluid, the heating fluid can flow in heating lines. If the coolant is a cooling fluid, the cooling fluid can flow in cooling lines. In particular, the heating lines are designed only for receiving the heating fluid and the cooling lines only for receiving the cooling fluid. If the compensating medium is a temperature control fluid, the temperature control fluid can flow in compensating lines. The heating lines, cooling lines, and compensating lines run at least partially within the storage element 11 or in the storage elements 11.

[0097] The first circuit 41 is in Fig. 9 The second circuit, 42, is shown with a dashed line. Fig. 9The regression loop 44 is represented by a dashed line. Fig. 9 The balancing circuit 44 is represented by a solid line. It is designed as a closed circuit. If the balancing medium in the balancing circuit 44 is a balancing fluid, the balancing fluid can circulate through the balancing lines via a conveying medium 48, for example, a pump.

[0098] According to one embodiment, at least one of the heating fluids, cooling fluids or compensating fluids contains water.

[0099] The system according to Fig. 9 It can also be used for multiple storage elements. Fig. 9 A system for three storage elements is shown, analogous to the one in Fig. 7a or Fig. 7b In the illustrated embodiments, the heating lines, cooling lines and compensating lines running in the storage element can contain pipe coils.

[0100] In particular, at least one of the first and second circuits 41, 42 can contain a shut-off device 46, 47 to prevent the supply of at least one of the heating media or coolants to the storage element 11 or to the storage elements 11. The supply of heating fluid to the system can be interrupted by means of a shut-off device 46 when no heating fluid is required. The supply of cooling fluid to the system can be interrupted by means of a shut-off device 47 when no cooling fluid is required. The circulation of compensating fluid in a storage element 11 can be interrupted by means of a shut-off device 49 when no compensating fluid is required for the storage element 11.

[0101] A method for temperature control of a building comprises the following steps: providing a storage element 11, wherein the storage element 11 contains a circuit 33, 41, 42 in which a heating medium or coolant is conveyed, and wherein the storage element 11 contains a balancing circuit 34, 44 containing a balancing medium which circulates in a closed circuit through the storage element 11.

[0102] According to one embodiment, the storage element includes a first circuit designed to convey a heating medium, a second circuit designed to convey a coolant, and the compensating circuit containing the compensating medium.

[0103] According to one embodiment, the storage element can contain a thermal floor or be designed as a thermal floor. This embodiment is particularly suitable for applications requiring only a smaller storage mass. For example, the thermal floor can contain a plurality of pipe elements for a heat transfer fluid.

[0104] It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that many further variations are possible in addition to the described embodiments without deviating from the inventive concept. The subject matter of the invention is therefore not limited by the preceding description and is defined by the scope of protection established by the claims. For the interpretation of the claims or the description, the broadest possible reading of the claims is decisive. In particular, the terms "contain" or "include" should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive sense, thereby indicating that the elements, components, or steps may be present or used, or that they may be combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not explicitly mentioned.If the claims relate to an element or component from a group which may consist of A, B, C to N elements or components, this wording shall be interpreted as requiring only a single element of this group, and not a combination of A and N, B and N or any other combination of two or more elements or components of this group.

Claims

1. Decentralized ventilation system (1) for ventilating a building (10), comprising a storage element (11), a ventilation chamber (2), an air delivery element (3) arranged in the ventilation chamber (2), an air transport duct (4), an exchange duct (5), a connecting element (6) and a connection element (7) for supplying ambient air or for discharging ambient air, wherein the air delivery element (3) is in fluid-conducting connection with the connection element (7) and the air transport duct (4) so that either air can be conveyed from the connection element (7) into the air transport duct (4) or air can be conveyed from the air transport channel (4) into the connection element (7), wherein the ventilation chamber (2) is in fluid-conducting connection with the connecting element (6), wherein the connecting element (6) is in fluid-conducting connection with the air transport duct (4) via the exchange duct (5), wherein the ventilation chamber (2) has a common surface with the storage element (11) so that heat energy can be transferred from the storage element (11) to the air in the ventilation space (2) or heat energy can be transferred from the air in the ventilation chamber (2) to the storage element (11), characterized in that the exchange duct (5) contains at least one channel wall for receiving and discharging water and heat, at least one of the channel walls containing a hygroscopic material.

2. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of claim 1, wherein the connecting element (6) is configured either as a ventilation element or as an exhaust element.

3. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the connection element (7) is configured either as an air inlet element or as an air outlet element, or wherein the connection element (7) is configured as a facade opening.

4. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the air delivery element (3) comprises a fan.

5. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the exchange duct (5) is configured as a slot between two wooden support elements.

6. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the storage element (11) comprises a concrete slab.

7. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the storage element (11) contains at least one tube element (12) for circulating a heat transfer fluid.

8. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the air delivery element (3) is switchable to reverse the direction of flow of the air.

9. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of one of the preceding claims, which has a draft risk of no more than 10% according to DIN EN ISO 7730:2006-05 and meets class A according to DIN EN ISO 7730:2006-05.

10. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of one of the preceding claims, wherein the ventilation system (1) comprises a control unit and / or a regulating unit (13).

11. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of claim 10, wherein a cycle duration can be set by means of the control unit and / or regulating unit (13), wherein the cycle comprises an element from the group consisting of a first and a second operating mode, for example depending on wind pressure or depending on a temperature difference.

12. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of claim 11, wherein the first operating mode includes a first period duration or a second operating mode includes a second period duration.

13. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of claim 12, wherein in the first operating mode, the air delivery element (3) is switched such that air can flow from the connection element (7) into the ventilation chamber (2).

14. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of claim 12, wherein in the second operating mode, the air delivery element (3) is switched such that air can flow from the ventilation chamber (2) to the connection element (7).

15. The decentralized ventilation system (1) of one of claims 11 to 14, wherein at least one of the first or second period durations is 30 seconds up to and including 20 minutes.

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