Method and device for handling, portioning and packaging individual strand-shaped objects each having a bending-elastic strand section

Abstract

A method and a device for handling, portioning, and packaging individual strand-shaped objects, each having a flexible strand section and strand-shaped object areas adjacent to the flexible strand section on both sides, are described. The invention is characterized in that at least one of the objects is arranged along a conveying unit from which the at least one object is transferred into a box-shaped handling device by means of its inherent weight. The handling device is subsequently positioned relative to a package so that the at least one object contained in the handling device is transferred into the package.

Description

Technical area

[0001] A method and a device are described for handling, portioning and packaging individual strand-shaped objects, each having a flexible strand section with strand-shaped object areas adjacent to the flexible strand section on both sides. State of the art

[0002] Automated handling of strand-like objects, along which at least one flexibly elastic strand section is provided, is subject to the problem of an indeterminable, i.e. undefined, largely random spatial shape of the objects, in particular when they have to be handled individually, i.e. grasped, moved and placed down in a targeted manner. Such strand-like objects are known in a wide variety of designs and can be assigned to a wide variety of applications and areas of life, for example in the form of technical, textile or luxury food-related objects. Examples of such strand-like objects are cable, rope, chain or ribbon-like objects, textile goods such as scarves, shawls etc. as well as objects from the luxury food or food sector, such as meat products, elongated sweets, raw, half-cooked or cooked foods, to name just a few.Rope-shaped objects that have two object areas or piece goods connected to each other by at least one flexible connection, which are otherwise largely dimensionally stable, also pose the same problems during automated handling. Such objects, which provide piece goods joined by at least one flexible connection, represent, for example, two sausages connected to form a pair, each connected to one another by one of their sausage ends, for example, via a twisted sausage skin strand.

[0003] The automated packaging of such objects, which are at least partially flexible or flexible, whether individually, in pairs, or in larger batches, usually requires the use of gripper systems capable of individually gripping flexible objects. Such gripper systems, also known as pick-and-place robots, feature complex sensor technology and technically sophisticated control of the gripping elements, which also feature high-quality and powerful motion mechanics.

[0004] Document DE 195 07 443 A1 discloses a method and device for folding and / or sorting sausages that are positioned one behind the other on a flat linear conveyor belt. Transfer occurs to a second conveyor belt that is oriented orthogonally to the linear conveyor belt and, through bidirectional back-and-forth movement, creates a side-by-side arrangement of sausages. Description of the invention

[0005] The invention is based on the object of providing a method and a device for handling, positioning, and packaging individual strand-shaped objects, each having a flexible strand section, with robust, low-maintenance, cost-effective, and scalable properties for industrial scales. Furthermore, it should be possible to reliably transfer the strand-shaped objects, each having at least one flexible strand section, into a package individually or in a predefined number, both under operating conditions with a continuous flow of goods to be packaged and in batch operation.

[0006] The solution to the problem underlying the invention is specified in claims 1 and 10. Claim 1 describes a method according to the solution, and claim 10 describes a device according to the solution for handling, portioning, and packaging individual strand-shaped objects, each having at least one flexurally elastic strand section. The inventive concept with advantageously forming features is the subject of the subclaims and can be found in the description, in particular with reference to the illustrated embodiments.

[0007] The method according to the invention for handling, positioning, and packaging individual strand-shaped objects, each having a flexibly elastic strand section, with strand-shaped object regions adjacent to the flexibly elastic strand section on both sides, which have flexibly elastic properties or are dimensionally stable, is characterized by the following method steps: First, at least one of the objects must be arranged along a conveyor unit, which conveys the at least one object into the area of a handling means, into which the at least one object is transferred from the conveyor unit by means of the object's inherent gravity. Preferably, the transfer of the at least one object from the conveyor unit to the handling means takes place by means of free dropping and solely by the effect of the object's inherent gravity.

[0008] The at least one object transferred into the handling means is subsequently positioned together with the handling means relative to a packaging into which the at least one object is subsequently transferred, preferably by means of the exclusive effect of the object's inherent weight, for example by being dropped or by means of a free fall.

[0009] The conveyor unit is preferably designed in the manner of a belt conveyor having a strand-shaped transport means which circulates endlessly via at least two deflection means and onto which the at least one object is placed along its flexurally elastic strand section in such a way that the strand-shaped object regions adjacent to the flexurally elastic strand section on both sides are otherwise arranged in a freely suspended manner relative to the conveyor unit.

[0010] To transfer a predefined number of objects together into a packaging unit, a plurality of objects are arranged along the carrier means of the conveyor unit to form so-called object groups, wherein an object group comprises at least two objects arranged directly next to one another along the carrier means. The object groups are arranged serially along the carrier means, one after the other, with a distance a between each two object groups arranged in sequence, wherein the distance a is selected to be greater than a distance b between two objects within an object group in which the objects preferably touch one another directly and thus their mutual distance b is zero.

[0011] For the automated arrangement of the plurality of objects along the support means of the conveyor unit, each in object groups, a provision unit is used, which is positioned upstream of the conveyor unit in the conveying direction and is preferably designed in the manner of a belt conveyor, just like the conveyor unit, and provides a strand-shaped transport means that endlessly revolves around at least two deflection means, onto which the flexurally elastic strand section of each object is placed directly or indirectly, wherein the strand-shaped object regions of each object adjacent to both sides of the flexurally elastic strand section are arranged freely suspended opposite the strand-shaped transport means. Depending on the length of the flexurally elastic strand section, there is direct contact between the flexurally elastic strand section and the strand-shaped transport means.However, the flexible strand section is often only short, so that after the object has been placed on the strand-shaped transport means, the flexible strand section is slightly spaced from the strand-shaped transport means and the two strand-shaped object areas of the object adjacent to the flexible strand section each touch the strand-shaped transport means locally.

[0012] The arrangement of the multiple objects along the supply unit occurs at equal or different intervals. The supply unit is loaded with the multiple objects manually or automatically, either by dispensing individual objects one after the other or in batches, i.e., a predetermined number of objects is transferred to the carrier of the supply unit in a single work step.

[0013] The transfer of the objects arranged on the provision unit to the conveyor unit takes place under coordinated control and coordination of the conveyor speeds with which the carrier means of the provision unit and the carrier means of the conveyor unit are moved around the respective deflection rollers in such a way that object groups are formed along the conveyor unit with the distances a between two adjacent object groups and b between the objects within an object group already mentioned above.

[0014] The transfer and the associated object group formation along the conveyor unit is preferably monitored by sensors. To form an object group, the conveyor unit remains stationary or is operated at a lower conveying speed than the conveying speed of the supply unit, so that the objects of an object group arrive serially adjacent to one another along the conveyor unit and preferably touching one another. As soon as an object group has been completely formed and arranged following the corresponding transfer from the supply unit to the conveyor unit, the conveying speed of the conveyor unit increases in cycles by the above-mentioned distance a to form the subsequent object group.

[0015] All objects in a group of objects are transferred to a handling device at the end of the conveyor unit. All objects in a group of objects fall or are dropped from the conveyor unit and are immediately caught by a preferably box-shaped handling device located directly below the discharge position of the conveyor unit. The term "box-shaped handling device" encompasses all concavely shaped structures into or onto which objects falling freely can be safely caught for further handling. During further handling, at least one object transferred to the handling device is safely transferred into packaging.

[0016] The transfer of the at least one object or group of objects from the handling means into the packaging is also driven by the inherent weight of the individual objects, preferably in a free fall. For this purpose, the base of the handling means positioned above the packaging preferably opens, so that the at least one object or group of objects falls into the packaging. Preferably, the handling means subsequently applies controlled pressure to the at least one object or group of objects transferred in the packaging in order to compress or compact the object or objects within the packaging.

[0017] To carry out the method explained above, a device designed according to the solution is suitable, which has at least one conveyor unit which, as already mentioned above, has a strand-shaped transport means which circulates endlessly around at least two deflection means.

[0018] Furthermore, a positioning unit is provided, which transfers the objects to the conveyor unit in such a way that the flexible strand section of each object rests on the continuously circulating, strand-shaped transport means, and the strand-shaped object regions of each object adjacent to both sides of the flexible strand section hang freely opposite the strand-shaped carrier means. Furthermore, a box-like handling means is provided, which can be spatially positioned relative to the conveyor unit. It has an open upper box opening and a box base opposite it, which can be reversibly transferred from a closed to an open position.

[0019] Preferably, the supply unit is designed in the manner of a belt conveyor, similar to the conveyor unit, and has a strand-shaped transport means which circulates endlessly around at least two deflection means and onto which each object can be placed in the region of the respective flexible strand section in such a way that the strand-shaped object regions of each object which are adjacent to the flexible strand section on both sides come to rest in a freely suspended manner opposite the strand-shaped transport means.

[0020] Preferably, the transport means of both the provision unit and the conveyor unit can each be driven separately by a drive and with a similarly oriented conveying direction. Chain, rope, band, or belt-like carriers are suitable as endlessly rotating carriers. The provision unit is arranged upstream of the conveyor unit in the conveying direction, so that the transfer or transfer of the at least one object from the provision unit to the conveyor unit takes place by free dropping and solely under the influence of the object's inherent gravity.

[0021] The transfer of the at least one object transported on the conveyor unit into the box-shaped handling means takes place in a similar manner, namely by free discharge and subsequent free fall or tipping. In a preferred embodiment, the handling means has two L-shaped flap elements, each pivotably mounted about a pivot axis, both of which are preferably arranged in the plane of the box base. In the closed position, one L-shaped leg of each of the flap elements together forms the box base, on which the at least one object to be transferred into the packaging rests.In the open position of the box base, the L-legs forming the box base pivot or fold into the vertical and the other L-leg of the flap elements from above into or into the area of the plane corresponding to the box base, whereby the at least one object transferred into the packaging is pressed into the packaging from above by means of the other L-legs.

[0022] Depending on the spatial conditions in which the device is arranged and constructed, as well as on the shape, size and weight of the individual objects to be handled and packaged, the handling device is attached to a movement kinematics, for example to a multi-axis robot arm.

[0023] Alternatively, in combination with the movement kinematics supporting the handling means, a transport device is provided on which the packages can be conveyed relative to the handling means, so that one of the packages can be positioned vertically under the handling means while the box bottom of the handling means changes from the closed to the open position.

[0024] As already mentioned, the device according to the invention is suitable for handling, positioning, and packaging differently shaped strand-shaped objects that have at least one flexibly elastic strand section. The device is particularly suitable for those objects that, after being placed on the circulating, strand-shaped transport means, provide freely suspended object strand sections of as equal length as possible on both sides of the transport means, thus ensuring safe and stable transport of the individual objects along the strand-shaped transport means.Among the multitude of possible objects, pairs of items connected to one another via an elastic connecting means, for example in the form of sausages, which are each connected in pairs at one of their sausage ends via a flexible, elastic connecting means, usually in the form of a twisted sausage skin strand, are particularly suitable objects for the use of the method according to the solution and the device according to the solution.

[0025] Basically, one of the following products is conceivable as string-shaped objects: Technical or textile flexible objects or flexible objects from the food and beverage sector. Technical or textile piece goods or piece goods from the food and beverage sector, each connected by an elastic fastener and forming a pair of pieces connected by the elastic fastener.

[0026] In addition to the sausages or sausage pairs already mentioned, which are each connected to one of their sausage ends with a connecting device, other pairs of piece goods are also conceivable: Fruit, each connected by a connecting element, candles, each connected in pairs by their wick.

[0027] The further description of the method according to the solution as well as the device according to the solution is explained in detail without restriction to the object-specific use using sausage pairs as piece goods pairs. Brief description of the invention

[0028] The invention is described below, without limiting the general inventive concept, using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. They show: Fig. 1 schematic representation of the device according to the solution for handling, positioning and packaging pairs of sausages, Fig. 2 representation of a pair of sausages in installation on a conveyor unit, Fig. 3 representation of the transfer of a group of sausage pairs into the handling means and Fig. 4a-c sequence image representation of the handling means in different opening constellations. Ways of implementing the invention, industrial applicability

[0029] Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a device for handling, positioning and packaging a plurality of individual piece goods pairs 1, which are in the form of sausage pairs, as they are arranged in a plurality on a so-called smoking stick 2 after a smoking process in a smoking oven. To illustrate the piece goods pair 1, Figure 2The two sausages 3, 4 are connected to each other via a flexible connection 5, usually in the form of a twisted sausage skin. Figure 1 The illustrated pairs of pieces 1 or sausage pairs, both terms are used synonymously, lie directly on the smoking rod 2 along their respective flexible connection 5, with the individual sausages 3, 4 per sausage pair 1 hanging down on both sides of the smoking rod 2, each with two freely ending, i.e. not connected, sausage ends. From the smoking rod 2, the sausage pairs 1 are usually transferred manually, individually or as a whole, to a supply unit 6, which has a strand-like endless transport means 7 that rotates around two rotatably mounted deflection means 8, of which at least one deflection means 8 is motor-driven.

[0030] Figure 2shows a sausage pair 1 arranged on the strand-shaped transport means 7 of the supply unit 6. It can be seen that the sausage pair 1, after being transferred from the smoking stick 2 to the supply unit 6, assumes a safe and stable conveying position for transport in the conveying direction 9.

[0031] The arrangement and the respective mutual distances of the sausage pairs 1 arranged serially on the supply unit 6 along the strand-shaped transport means 7 are not necessarily ordered, but are essentially predetermined in a stochastically distributed manner by the respective random arrangement of the sausage pairs 1 along the smoking stick 2.

[0032] In the conveying direction 9, a conveying unit 10 is arranged downstream of the supply unit 6, which also has a strand-shaped transport means 7 which is guided endlessly around two deflection means 8 and has the same conveying direction 9 as in the case of the supply unit 6. The conveying unit 10 is arranged slightly offset relative to the supply unit 6 directly below the supply unit 6, so that it is ensured that the sausage pairs 1 which are dropped at the end in the conveying direction 9 from the supply unit 6, safely hit the strand-shaped transport means 7 of the conveying unit 10 and there assume the same stable transport position as in Figure 2 shown in relation to the provisioning unit 6.

[0033] In the case of the conveyor unit 10, at least one of the deflection rollers 8 is also motor-driven. The conveyor speeds v 6 , v 10 , at which the sausage pairs 1 are conveyed both along the supply unit 6 and the subsequent conveyor unit 10, can be monitored or controlled in such a way that the transfer of individual sausage pairs 1 from the supply unit 6 to the conveyor unit 10 takes place in accordance with the formation of a predeterminable arrangement pattern. One possible arrangement pattern provides for individual sausage pairs 1 to be arranged with uniform mutual spacing along the strand-like transport means 7 of the conveyor unit 10. Another arrangement pattern provides for the formation of so-called sausage pair groups 11, wherein two sausage pair groups 11 following one another in series along the strand-like transport means 7 of the conveyor unit 10 each have the same spacing a.Each individual sausage pair group is composed of at least two sausage pairs 1, which are arranged in direct, preferably mutually touching contact on the strand-shaped transport means 7 of the conveyor unit 10. In the in . Figure 1 In the schematic representation, three sausage pair groups 11 are arranged along the strand-shaped transport means 7 of the conveyor unit 10, each spaced a distance a from each other. Each sausage pair group 11 has two sausage pairs 1.

[0034] Immediately downstream of the conveyor unit 10 in the conveying direction 9 is a box-shaped handling means 12, which is optionally attached to a movement kinematics 13 for its spatial positioning. The box-shaped handling means 12 is capable of securely receiving a sausage pair group 11 ejected directly from the conveyor unit 10 in the conveying direction 9.

[0035] While the next sausage pair group 11 along the conveyor unit 10 in the conveying direction 9 is guided into the discharge position, the handling means 12 transfers the sausage pair group 11 located therein into a packaging 14, which is provided in individual form preferably along a transport device 15.

[0036] Figure 2 Furthermore, it is clear that the flexible strand section 5 between the two sausages 3, 4 does not rest directly on the strand-shaped transport means 7 due to its short length; rather, in this case, the sausages 3, 4 touch the strand-shaped transport means 7 on both sides. This very arrangement is to be understood by the formulation: "The objects rest on the conveyor unit, i.e., the strand-shaped transport means 7, in the area of their respective flexible strand section 5.

[0037] Figure 3represents the ejection process of a sausage pair group 11 consisting of two sausage pairs 1, which are still resting on the strand-shaped transport means 7 of the conveyor unit 10, in a position immediately before the ejection of the sausage pair group 11 into the handling means 12, which is positioned in a suitable manner by means of the movement kinematics 13 to receive or catch the ejected sausage pair group 11.

[0038] Figure 4aillustrates a preferred embodiment of a handling means 12, which is attached to a movement kinematics 13. The handling means 12 is box-shaped and has an upwardly oriented, open box opening. The box-shaped handling means 12 also has a rectangular frame 16, the shape and size of which is adapted to the sausage pairs 1 or sausage pair groups 11 to be handled. An L-shaped flap element 18, 18' is attached to two opposite box sides, each pivotable about a pivot axis 17, 17'. In the illustrated case according to Figure 4a Each L-leg 19, 19' forms the box bottom. In the Figure 4aIn the configuration shown, the handling means 12 receives the sausage pair group 11 falling from the conveyor unit 10 and is able to hold or temporarily store these safely within the handling means 12. In this configuration, if necessary, the handling means 12 is positioned vertically above the packaging 14 by means of the movement kinematics 13, as shown in Figure 2 is shown schematically. After positioning the handling means 12 equipped with the sausage pair group 11 vertically above the packaging 14, both L-shaped flap elements 18, 18' pivot about their pivot axes 17, 17', which are both oriented parallel to each other and arranged along the plane of the box bottom by 90°, see arrow representations in Figures 4b and 4c , so that the L-legs 19, 19' originally defining the box bottom are transferred to a vertical position, see Figure 4c .

[0039] After pivoting the L-shaped flap elements 18, 18', the sausage pair group 11 falls due to its own weight into the packaging 14 located directly below and is also pressed vertically from above into the packaging 14 by two further L-legs 20, 20'.

[0040] After the sausage pair group 11 has been transferred into the packaging 14, the handling unit 12 is transferred to its original, opened box shape, as shown in Figure 4a and positioned relative to the conveyor unit 10 to receive another sausage pair group 11. Meanwhile, the transport device 15 provides another empty package 14. List of reference symbols

[0041] 1 Pair of general cargo, pair of sausages 2 Smoking stick 3, 4 Sausages 3', 4' Free sausage ends 5 Flexible connection 6 Provision unit 7 Strand-shaped transport means 8 Deflection roller 9 Conveying direction 10 Conveying unit 11 Sausage pair group 12 Handling means 13 Movement kinematics 14 Packaging 15 Transport device 16 Box frame 17, 17' Swivel axis 18, 18' L-shaped flap element 19, 19' L-leg 20, 20' Further L-leg

Claims

1. A method for handling, portioning and packaging of individual strand-shaped objects (1) each having a bending-elastic strand portion (5) with strand-shaped object areas adjacent on both sides to the bending-elastic strand section, characterised by the following process steps: - arrangement of at least one of the objects (1) along a conveyor unit (10), - transfer of at least one object (1) from the conveyor unit (10) into a box-shaped handling means (12) by means of an inherent weight intrinsic in the object (1), - positioning of the handling means (12) relative to a packaging (14) and - transfer of at least one object (1) contained in the handling means (12) into the packaging (14).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterised in that the arrangement of at least one object (1) along the conveyor unit (10) is carried out in such a way that the object (1) along or in the area of its bending-elastic strand portion (5) comes to bear on the conveyor unit (10) and that the strand-shaped object areas (3, 4) adjacent on both sides to the bending-elastic strand portion (5) are otherwise each arranged freely suspended relative to the conveyor unit (10).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the transfer of the at least one object (1) from the conveyor unit (10) into the handling means (12) takes place by free ejection and exclusive effect of the inherent weight intrinsic in object (1).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the at least one object (1) transferred into the packaging (14) is compacted in a metered manner inside the packaging (14) by exerting pressure by means of the handling means (12).

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a plurality of objects (1) is arranged along the conveyor unit (10) thereby forming object groups (11), wherein an object group (11) comprises at least two objects (1) arranged directly one after the other along the conveyor unit (10), and that the object groups (11) are arranged sequentially one after the other along the conveyor unit (10) with a distance a between each two directly sequentially arranged object groups (11), and that the distance a is selected greater than a distance b between two objects (1) within an object group (11).

6. The method according to claim 5, characterised in that the arrangement of the plurality of objects (1) along the conveyor unit (10) takes place in each case in object groups (11) using a provisioning unit (6), which is positioned upstream of the conveyor unit (10) in the conveying direction (9).

7. The method according to claim 6, characterised in that the provisioning unit (6) and the conveyor unit (10) each comprise a strand-shaped transport means (7) circulating endlessly around at least two deflection means (8), on which each object (1) is placed in the area of the bending-elastic strand portion (5) and the strand-shaped object areas (3, 4) of each object (1) adjacent on both sides to the bending-elastic strand portion (1) are arranged freely suspended opposite the strand-shaped transport means (7).

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that along the provisioning unit (6) the plurality of objects (1) are arranged with equal or different distances from each other, and that by coordinated control of conveying speeds (v6, v10) assignable to the provisioning unit (6) and the conveyor unit (10), a transfer of the objects (1) from the provisioning unit (6) to the conveyor unit (10) takes place thereby forming object groups (11) along the conveyor unit (6).

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that one of the following products is used as strand-shaped objects (1): - bending-elastic technical objects, comprising cable, rope, chain or ribbon-like objects or joined by at least one bending-elastic connection, which form a piece-goods pair, - bending-elastic textile objects, comprising yarns, elongated textile goods or textile piece goods joined by at least one bending-elastic connection, which form a piece-goods pair - bending-elastic luxury food and / or foodstuffs, including sausage and meat products, elongated sweets, raw, half-cooked or cooked foodstuffs or foodstuffs joined by at least one bending-elastic connection, which form a piece-goods pair.

10. A device for handling, portioning and packaging of individual strand-shaped objects (1) each having at least one bending-elastic strand portion (5) with strand-shaped object areas (3, 4) adjacent on both sides to the bending-elastic strand section (5), characterised in that at least one conveyor unit (10) is provided, which has a strand-shaped transport means (7) circulating around at least two deflection means (8), that a provisioning unit (6) is provided which transfers the objects (1) onto the conveyor unit (10), in such a way that each object (1) in the area of the bending-elastic strand section (5) lies on the circulating, strand-shaped transport means and the strand-shaped object areas (3, 4) of each object (1) adjacent on both sides to the bending-elastic strand portion (5) are suspended freely opposite the strand-shaped transport means (7), and that a box-like handling device (12) that can be positioned relative to the conveyor unit (10) is provided, with a box opening set to open and a box bottom, which can be transferred reversibly from a closed into an open position.

11. The device are according to claim 10, characterised in that the provisioning unit (6) like the conveyor unit (10) comprises a strand-shaped transport means (7) circulating endlessly around at least two deflection means (8), on which each object (1) can be placed in the area of the bending-elastic strand portion (5) and the strand-shaped object areas (3, 4) of each object (1) adjacent on both sides to the bending-elastic strand portion (5) can be arranged freely suspended opposite the strand-shaped transport means (7).

12. The device according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the circulating, strand-shaped transport means (7) of the provisioning unit (6) and of the conveyor unit (10) are in each case separately driven by a drive establishing an identically orientated conveying direction (9), and that the provisioning unit (6) is arranged upstream of the conveying unit in the conveying direction (9), in such a way that a transfer of at least one object (1) from the provisioning unit (6) to the conveyor unit (10) takes place by means of free ejection and the exclusive effect of the inherent weight intrinsic in object (1).

13. The device according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the handling means (12) comprises two L-shaped flap elements (18, 18'), which are each mounted pivotable about a swivel axis (17, 17'), that the swivel axes (17, 17') of both flap elements (18, 18') lie in a common plane corresponding to the bottom of the box, that in the closed position of the bottom of the box, an L-leg (19, 19') of each of the flap elements (18, 18') forms the bottom of the box, and that in the open position of the bottom of the box, the other L-leg (20, 20') of each of the flap elements (18, 18') can be folded into or into the area of the plane corresponding to the bottom of the box.

14. The device according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that a transport device (15) is provided, on which packages (14) can be conveyed relative to the handling means (12), in such a way that each time one of the packages (14) can be positioned vertically beneath the handling means (12), while the box bottom of the box-like handling means (12) can be transferred from the closed to the opened position.

15. Use of the device according to any one of claims 10 to 14 for piece goods in the food sector, in particular sausage products.

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