Case with injectable sheath

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for creating a barrier between a first wall (9) and a second wall by introducing a filling material into a sheath (2). According to the invention, the device is a pre-assembled kit (100) comprising: - a casing with a housing having a cavity open on one side and delimited by an open edge; - at least one hole passing through the bottom of the housing; and - a closed sheath (2) placed in the housing, the sheath being provided with at least one opening in fluidic communication with said at least one hole, the dimensions of the sheath being chosen so that before filling it can be entirely contained within the housing without protrusion, and that after filling, the sheath protrudes from the housing, the pre-assembled kit (100) being dimensioned to be handled manually by one or two operators without lifting tools.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for producing a barrier between a first wall and a second wall by introducing a filling material into a sheath. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a prefabricated element obtained by molding and provided with a device according to the invention, in particular for manufacturing a tunnel segment, the prefabricated element having at least one face on which the housing opens and a second face. Technical field

[0002] To build a tunnel, a gallery must be excavated, which is then lined with a tube formed by a succession of rings made up of voussoirs. The voussoirs are prefabricated elements curved in an arc, generally obtained by casting in reinforced concrete. The voussoirs are either prefabricated and transported by truck to the installation site, or manufactured directly on site. There remains an annular void between the ring made up of voussoirs and the excavated ground, which must be filled with a more or less permeable material. When the tunnel is built in hard rock ground, it is sometimes necessary to create caissons in this annular space to prevent water from spreading all the way down. For this, it is known to manufacture waterproof barriers on the extrados of certain rings.

[0003] These barriers are usually made of custom-designed and manufactured fabric sheaths. They are installed on the extrados of the segments. After a complete ring made up of a plurality of segments has been installed, the sheaths are filled by injecting a cement grout, through one or more injection points. The initially folded sheath unfolds during filling to fit, on the one hand, the extrados of the segment ring and, on the other hand, the excavated ground, following its irregularities. These sealing barriers are therefore placed in a radial plane relative to the tunnel axis. Document CN 214499063 U describes such a segment with an engraving in which a sheath is glued.

[0004] Before injection, the folded sheath is positioned on the extrados of the segment. The folded sheath must take up as little space as possible. To prevent it from being torn off when the tunnel boring machine's scales pass through, it is common to place it in a groove provided for this purpose in the extrados of the segment. The sheath is mechanically fixed to the segment, for example by eyelet strips and concrete screws, Velcro ® type strips, or by straps. To protect the sheath fabric placed in the groove when the tunnel boring machine's scales pass through, and thus prevent it from being torn, a protective strip is often provided on the upper part of the folded sheath. Technical problem

[0005] However, it has proven costly and time-consuming to make incisions in the extrados of the segments and then manually place the folded ducts in them. The ducts are installed either at the segment manufacturing site after they have been removed from the mold, or at the tunnel construction site. It turns out that the installation of the ducts is a delicate operation and often results in poor results in use, because the operators on site do not take great care during installation. This can be explained either by a lack of preparation, resources or means, or because the operators are poorly trained or inexperienced. The damage observed is: a seal not obtained in the contact zones at the ends of the sheath; the formation of jamming linked to poor deployment of the sheath; the formation of twisting linked to poor installation of the sheath; leaks at the injection point, linked to a poor intrados / sheath interface (lack of tightening). The documents JPS 5771595 U And CN 203175569 U each have a case similar to that of the preamble and intended to be interposed between two voussoir rings. By their design, they cannot be integrated into a voussoir. The objective of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks and to facilitate the installation of a sealing sheath. Statement of the invention

[0006] This objective is achieved in accordance with the invention defined by the device according to one of claims 1 to 15. The device is a pre-assembled kit comprising a case provided with a housing having a cavity open on one side and delimited by an open edge; at least one bore passing through the bottom of the housing; and a closed sheath placed in the housing, the sheath being provided with at least one opening in fluid communication with said at least one bore, the dimensions of the sheath being chosen so that before filling it can be entirely contained in the housing without being out of line, and that after filling, the sheath protrudes from the housing. The workshop pre-assembly of the kit ensures that the sheath is correctly positioned in the case, which guarantees correct deployment of the sheath when injecting the filling material. The pre-assembled kit is sized to be handled by hand by one or more operators. It is preferably suitable for placement in a mold for an element prefabricated by casting such that the housing is open to the exterior of the prefabricated element by casting to allow the sheath to extend out of the prefabricated element by casting.

[0007] The sheath is preferably attached to the case by means of fastening means, preferably by a hook-and-loop strip. This fastening is not essential in itself, but it makes handling and transporting the kit easier.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the case is provided with a bottom wall and a belt consisting of two longitudinal walls and two side walls, the longitudinal walls preferably forming a substantially right angle with the bottom wall, and / or the side walls preferably forming an obtuse angle with the bottom wall; a seal being preferably provided on the outer face of the belt, which seal goes around the belt, and / or a groove being preferably made in the outer face of the belt to place a seal.

[0009] It is best to provide a case flange around the open edge of the housing, a molding seal preferably being placed on the upper face of the case flange located in the extension of the inner face of the housing, said molding seal going around the case flange, said molding seal preferably being placed in a groove made on the upper face of the case flange.

[0010] Stiffening means may be provided to stiffen the case. The stiffening means are preferably made in the form of bosses made on the outer face of the case housing, in particular on the outer face of a bottom wall of the housing.

[0011] It may be advantageous to provide anchoring means to anchor the case in the molding material. For example, the geometry of the case may be designed with undercuts so that the case is perfectly anchored in the prefabricated molded object.

[0012] The drilling can be made in a recess of the housing facing outwards, preferably a recess in a bottom wall of the housing.

[0013] An injection pipe is preferably provided, the first end of which opens into the bore and the other end of which projects from the case, a non-return valve being able to be provided in said injection pipe.

[0014] The injection line may include an injection sleeve, a first part of which passes through the bore and the opening of the sheath so that it projects into the latter, and a second part of which projects out of the case on the side opposite the open edge of the housing; and a ring, preferably a nut ring, located inside the sheath and fixed, preferably by screwing, on the first part of the injection sleeve, the ring preferably being provided with a ring flange for wedging the edge of the opening of the sheath against the bottom of the housing.

[0015] The sheath is for example made of a tubular piece of flexible material, preferably fabric, closed at both ends, the sheath being preferably folded, in particular over its entire length so as to form at least one bellows, preferably two bellows, and each bellows is preferably held in place by retaining means which can easily break under the effect of a product injected into the sheath, in particular by breaking wires; and / or the ends of the sheath are preferably folded to form an end bellows.

[0016] A protective strip may be provided on the sheath to protect it when it is placed in the housing. The housing may additionally, or instead, be closed by a cover. The cover may be secured to the case by fastening means. It may be provided with pre-cutouts capable of giving way when the sheath is filled.

[0017] The device is intended to be placed on the extrados of a tunnel segment. The housing has a longitudinal extension and a transverse extension, the longitudinal extension of the bottom of the housing having the shape of an arc of a circle concentric with the arc of a circle forming the extrados of the segment for which it is intended, and the opening of the housing, and a flange surrounding the opening of the housing when there is a flange, has / have the same shape as the extrados of the segment for which the device is intended.

[0018] Preferably, the device is placed in the extrados of a voussoir with the outer face of the bottom of the case in contact with the reinforcement of the voussoir.

[0019] The method of the invention, defined by claim 16, is characterized by the following steps: the pre-assembled device according to one of claims 1 to 15 is prepared by providing the pre-assembled device, if it is not already provided with: an injection pipe, a first end of which opens into the bore of the case and is in fluid communication with the opening of the sheath, and the second end of which is sufficiently far from the case to be able to open onto the second face of the prefabricated element; and if desired, a seal placed on the outer face of the case, in particular in a circular groove made around the case, the seal preferably being a hydro-swelling seal; the device is placed in a mold so that its housing and the second end of the injection pipe are not in contact with the interior of the mold; the mold is closed; the material making up the prefabricated element is injected or poured into the mold;the mold is opened and the prefabricated element equipped with the device anchored inside is removed from the mold. The case is placed in the mold in such a way that its housing is open to the outside of the mold. In other words, the face of the case opposite the housing (19) is in contact with the molding material.

[0020] If the pre-assembled kit is provided with a cover, this may be pre-cut before the material composing the prefabricated element is injected by molding into the mold to facilitate its subsequent opening during the injection of the duct filling material. This is not necessary if the cover is already provided with pre-cuts, or if part of the fixing means are sufficiently weak to allow them to give way during the injection of the duct filling material.

[0021] The injection line can be made by fixing a gripping sleeve to an injection sleeve already included in the pre-assembled device. Brief description of the drawings

[0022] The invention is described in more detail with the aid of the following figures which show: Fig. 1: a case according to a first model, seen (a) in perspective, (b) from the front, (c) from the side and (d) from above; Fig. 2: a second case of the invention similar to the case of the figure 1 , but of larger dimensions (a) view before assembly and (b) assembled view; Fig. 3: an example of a voussoir fitted with a kit equipped with the case of the figure 1 and from which the sheath has been removed; Fig. 4: a kit anchored in a voussoir and including the case of the figure 1 and an internally folded sheath shown schematically, (a) in cross-section along plane A of the figure 3 and (b) in longitudinal section along plane B of the figure 3at the end of the case; Fig. 5: a sectional view along plane B of the case of the figure 1 anchored in a voussoir and equipped with an injection device, (a) in overall view and (b) according to an enlargement of the device for injection; Fig. 6: the deployed sheath seen (a) in cross-section according to plane A, and (b) in longitudinal section according to plane B; Fig. 7: two voussoirs of different sizes (a) according to individual views, and (b) assembled to form a tunnel tube ring; Fig. 8: a schematic view of a variant of the voussoir of the Figure 5a further provided with a secondary inspection and injection device; Fig. 9: a case of the invention according to a simpler embodiment; Fig. 10: a view similar to that of the Figure 4a in which the case is further provided with a cover; Fig. 11: a view similar to that of the Figure 5a , in which the case is further provided with a cover; Fig. 12: a view similar to that of the Figure 5b , in which the case is further provided with a cover; Fig. 13: views similar to views (a) of the Figure 4a, and (b) of the figure 11 showing a case fitted with anchoring means. Detailed description

[0023] The invention relates to a kit (100) comprising a case (1, 1', 1") in which a sealing sheath (2) is housed. This kit is intended to be anchored on the extrados (91) of a voussoir (9).

[0024] Several examples of cases are shown in the figures, namely a first case (1) described in detail, a second case (1') distinguished from the first essentially by its greater longitudinal extension, and a third case (1") simpler than the first two. The same elements have the same numbers and are followed by a sign "'" or """ when they relate to the second or third case respectively.

[0025] The kit (100) and the cases (1, 1', 1‴) are shown in the figures with their opening facing upwards. Spatial references such as "top" / "bottom" or "upper" / "lower" have only a relative value in relation to the representations in the attached figures. It goes without saying that depending on the position of the voussoir in the ring forming the tunnel tube, the kit and its case can take other positions than those shown in the figures, as is clearly visible in the Figure 7b for example. Therefore, what is on top in the position shown in the figures will not necessarily be so in use.

[0026] The case consists of a bottom wall (11) surrounded on its upper side by a belt (12) formed of two longitudinal walls (121) and two side walls (122). The bottom wall (11) and the belt (12) form a housing (19) open upwards, that is to say on the side opposite the bottom wall (11). In other words, the housing forms a cavity open on one side and delimited by an open edge. The case could also have a trough shape, for example semi-cylindrical, where the longitudinal walls extend the bottom wall, itself possibly curved, without forming joining angles. The same could be true of the side walls in the extension of the bottom wall.

[0027] The bottom wall (11) is preferably curved in its longitudinal extension and straight in its lateral extension as is clearly visible for example in the Figure 1b and 1crespectively. In this case, the radius of curvature of the bottom wall (11) is preferably adapted to the radius of curvature of the extrados (91) of the voussoir (9). Consequently, the circular arc defining the bottom wall and the circular arc defining the extrados of the voussoir can be substantially concentric.

[0028] It is preferable that the longitudinal walls (121) form with the bottom wall an angle close to the right angle, or deviate only slightly from the right angle, in particular towards the outside. The sheath is thus well retained in the case, even when the tunnel boring machine scales pass through. The upper edge of the longitudinal walls (121) is preferably curved and its radius of curvature can correspond substantially to that of the extrados (91) of the segment. The lower edge of the longitudinal walls (121) has the same radius of curvature as the bottom wall (11) which it extends.

[0029] The side walls (122) preferably form an obtuse angle with the bottom wall (11), so that when viewed in longitudinal section along the plane (B) visible on the figure 3 , the case flares away from the back wall (see the Figures 4b And 5a for example). The angle is between 135° and 140°, for example.

[0030] A case flange (13) directed towards the outside of the case can extend the belt (12) opposite the bottom wall (11). This case flange preferably has a shape allowing it to be flush with its upper face with the extrados (91) of the voussoir as is clearly visible in the Figures 4a And 5b For example.

[0031] A bore (111) passes through the bottom wall (11), preferably in its center. The bore (111) may be located in a recess (112) of the bottom wall which is directed towards the outside of the housing. In this case, the bore (111) is located at a point lower and further from the open edge of the housing than the part of the bottom wall which surrounds the recess. The recess may have a height of 15 mm for example.

[0032] To stiffen the case (1, 1'), stiffening means may be provided. In the examples shown in the figures, these stiffening means are in the form of bosses (113) distributed regularly on the bottom wall (11). These bosses (113) are made of ribs directed downwards, i.e. towards the outside of the case, so as not to encroach on the interior space (19) available for the sheath. To save material, these ribs are hollow so that the thickness of the bottom wall does not vary, or only very little, over its entire extension. The ribs extend transversely, i.e. parallel to the side walls (122). In addition, or alternatively, one or more longitudinal bosses may be provided, i.e. parallel to the side walls. More generally, the stiffening means may take other forms.In the examples shown in the figures, the bosses are arranged every 6°, relative to the center of the arc of the circle defining the curvature of the bottom wall. They have a height of 15 mm for example.

[0033] In order to ensure a better seal between the case and the voussoir, and to prevent water from penetrating at the interface between these two elements, it is provided in an alternative embodiment to place a hydro-inflating seal (123a) on the outer face of the belt (12). This seal is especially useful when the kit (100) is in direct contact with the reinforcement of the voussoir. For this, a first circular groove (123) can be provided on the outer face of the belt (12) going completely around the belt. This first groove (123) can have a depth of the order of one millimeter. To prevent the hydro-inflating seal from inflating prematurely in a humid environment during storage, it is preferable to place it in the groove (123) not during assembly of the kit, but on the site of manufacture of the voussoir, before the kit (100) is molded.

[0034] Similarly, to ensure a seal between the covers of the segment mold and the case when the mold is closed and the concrete is injected into the mold, it is preferable to provide a molding joint (131a) going around the housing (19). In the example presented here, the molding joint (131a) is placed in a second groove (131) made on the upper face of the case flange (13), a face which is in the extension of the inner face of the housing (19). This prevents the penetration of concrete laitance into the kit (100) during concreting of the segment. The molding joint is for example a foam joint with a section of 15 x 5 mm. The groove (131) has for example a depth of one millimeter.

[0035] To ensure good anchoring of the kit (100) in the voussoir (9), it is preferable to provide anchoring means. These anchoring means can be made in the form of undercuts (121a) located for example in the longitudinal walls (121) of the belt. These undercuts can extend over the entire length (or almost) of the longitudinal walls, or be placed only in certain places of these longitudinal walls. During molding, the concrete forms behind the undercut a sort of anchor which prevents the kit (100) from coming out of the voussoir, in particular when it is oriented with its face provided with the kit (100) directed downwards.

[0036] In order to be able to inject a cement grout, or any other suitable material, into the sheath to form the sealing barrier between the ring of voussoirs and the wall (8) of the gallery, it is necessary to provide an injection device (3) which opens into the sheath (2) and which forms an injection conduit. This injection device is constituted in the example presented in the figures, in particular at Figure 5b , of a first part (31, 32) mounted on the case during its assembly, and of a second part (34, 35) mounted on the first before its placement in the voussoir mold.

[0037] The first part of the injection device comprises an injection sleeve (31), the upper part (311) of which opens into the housing (19) and into the sheath (2) by passing through the bore (111), and the lower part (312) of which projects downwards from the outer face of the bottom wall (11). A shoulder (313) serves as a support on the outer face of the bottom wall and prevents the injection sleeve from penetrating further into the housing (19) and the sheath (2). The upper part (311) is provided with an external thread. The injection sleeve (31) is fixed to the bottom wall (11) by a nut ring (32) placed in the sheath and provided with an internal thread corresponding to the external thread of the upper part (311) of the injection sleeve. The ring nut (32) is provided in the lower part with a ring flange (321) which serves to block the sheath (2) as will be explained below.

[0038] It is understood that the opening of the sheath is in fluid communication with the drilling of the case via the injection sleeve (31) and the ring-nut (32).

[0039] A non-return valve (33) may be provided. It may, for example, be screwed into the injection sleeve (31), which will be provided with an internal thread for this purpose. The non-return valve shown as an example in the figures is of the elastomer plastic valve type.

[0040] If the injection sleeve (31) is too short and its free end opposite the bottom wall (11) cannot be flush with the intrados of the segment, a gripping sleeve (34) can be placed on this free end of the injection sleeve (31) before placing the kit (100) in the segment mold. The free end of the gripping sleeve, the end opposite the injection sleeve, is located at the intrados (92) of the segment (9). A recess can surround this end to facilitate its access while allowing it not to protrude from the intrados (92) of the segment. A fireman's sheath (35) can be placed to line the outer face of the injection sleeve (31) which projects under the bottom wall (11). It makes it possible to create the interface between the injection sleeve (31) and the gripping sleeve (34).Additional fastening means, in particular in the form of clamps such as Serflex ®< , can be added between the injection sleeve and the gripping sleeve to ensure their retention. The gripping sleeve may only be fixed to the injection sleeve when the kit is placed in the segment mold. However, the injection sleeve (31) and the nut ring (32) should be installed during assembly of the kit. The injection devices are designed and adapted to each configuration and design of segments.

[0041] The kit is pre-assembled before being delivered to the voussoir casting site. The pre-assembled kit is equipped with a sheath (2) placed in the housing (19) of the case (1). The sheath (2) is generally made of a fabric tube, for example polyamide, closed at both ends and equipped with an opening for injecting the cement grout. To fit in the housing, the sheath can be folded accordion-style along its entire length. To facilitate deployment of the sheath, it is for example flattened and its two longitudinal edges (21) are pleated accordion-style, forming two multi-fold bellows as can be clearly seen in the Figure 4a. The folds are held in shape by retaining means that can easily break under the pressure of the cement grout injected into the sheath. These retaining means can be made, for example, of breakable wires (22). To ensure good contact between two successive sheaths filled with cement grout, the sheaths are generally slightly longer than the cases, especially when the cases are themselves shorter than the voussoirs (9) as is the case in the examples presented here. In this case, it is preferable for the ends of the accordion-folded sheath to themselves be accordion-folded, forming end bellows (27) as is clearly visible in the Figure 4b .

[0042] The sheath is fixed to the case by fixing means. These fixing means are constituted in the present example by a Velcro ® type self-gripping strip (23). For example, the hook strip (231) can be fixed to the case by gluing, while the velvet strip (232) can be sewn on the lower face (24) of the folded sheath which faces the bottom wall (11). Other fixing means can be envisaged, such as gluing, fixing by eyelet strip, clipping, etc. The sheath folded and fixed in the case is entirely contained in the housing, without being out of line, that is to say without protruding from the open edge of the housing of the case.

[0043] A protective strip (26) may be fixed, for example sewn, to the upper face (25) of the folded sheath which is opposite the opening of the kit. This protective strip serves to protect the fabric of the sheath when the tunnel boring machine scales pass over it and to prevent it from tearing. It also protects the sheath from abrasive rock when the cement grout is injected. The protective strip (26) is made, for example, from a truck tarpaulin-type fabric. Rather than being sewn onto the sheath, the protective strip may be removably fixed to the case by clipping, by hook-and-loop fastener or by any other suitable means. In such a case, for example, it would be possible to dispense with the means for fixing the sheath (2) in the case. Instead of a protective strip, or even preferably in addition to the protective strip, a cover (5) may be used which closes the cavity (19) at the open edge.This cover can be fixed to the casing by any suitable means. It can be fixed for example by rivets supplemented if necessary by an adhesive. It can also be glued or welded to the casing, in particular heat-welded. It can also consist of a flap forming an integral part of the casing. This cover is preferably pre-cut before the segment is placed in the tunnel to allow it to open during the filling operation of the duct. This pre-cutting can be carried out for example with a cutter. It is also possible to provide pre-cuts which give way under pressure during the filling of the duct. Another solution consists of dimensioning at least part of the fixing means so that they are sufficiently weak to allow them to give way during the injection of the material filling the duct. This cover (5) has several functions. First of all, it prevents any penetration of concrete during the molding of the segment.During storage, handling and transport of the prefabricated kit (100) and then the segment, it protects the sheath from any risk of deterioration linked to bad weather and improper handling. The cover finally provides protection for the sheath when the tunnel boring machine scales pass through it.

[0044] The opening in the sheath (2) is provided for the passage of the upper part (311) of the injection sleeve (31). The ring-nut (32) is placed inside the sheath and presses with its ring flange (321) on the edge of the opening of the sheath as is clearly visible in the Figure 5b .

[0045] The case (1), the sheath (2) folded and fixed to the case, as well as the injection sleeve (31) fixed with the nut-ring (32) together form a pre-assembled unit: the kit (100). Such kits can be delivered to the sites where the segments are molded. It is much easier to place the sheath in the housing of a case when the operator is in a workshop, than to ask the workers responsible for molding the segments or their assembly in the tunnel tube to place it in an engraving made in the center of an already molded segment. In addition, the pre-assembled kit (100) constitutes a relatively light part that a single operator can move manually during handling or to place it in the mold. If necessary, the help of a second operator can be adapted if the case is very flexible or very long for example. The case can therefore be handled using only the operator's muscular strength without using a lifting tool.

[0046] A voussoir is generally equipped with a reinforcement (94) around which the concrete is poured. This reinforcement is generally metallic, but it can also be made of other materials, and in particular of composite material. In the current zone, the coating, that is to say the thickness of concrete between the extrados of the voussoir and the reinforcement, is of the order of 60 mm. This coating thickness is variable and depends in particular on the country, the exposure of the tunnel, the regulations, etc. When the sheath is placed in the traditional way in an engraving, this must not be too deep to leave a sufficient thickness of concrete between the bottom of the engraving and the reinforcement. With the invention, it is possible to place the case directly on the reinforcement, because the case acts as a protective barrier. Water infiltration into the gap between the case (1, 1', 1") and the recess formed in the voussoir by the case is accentuated by the phenomenon of post-shrinkage of the concrete.The hydro-swelling seal has the advantage of being able to adapt over time. Thanks to the case and the seal, it is therefore possible to have a deeper housing than with an engraving. In the state of the art such as that described in CN 214499063 U, it is necessary to modify the reinforcement at the level of the engraving receiving the sheath in order to maintain the coating thickness of several centimeters imposed by the regulations to protect the reinforcement. On the contrary, the use of the case of the invention does not require any modification of this reinforcement, because the case forms a waterproof protective layer which protects the reinforcement cage against corrosion as would the much thicker concrete coating. The case can therefore be placed directly on the reinforcement cage.

[0047] Before molding, if necessary, the gripping sleeve (34) and the fireman's sheath (35) must be mounted to provide a conduit for injecting the cement into the sheath. Similarly, the hydro-swelling seal (123a) must be placed in the groove (123) if it has not already been done. For molding the voussoir, the reinforcement (94) is placed in the mold, the kit (100) is then placed in support on the reinforcement as can be clearly seen, for example, in the Figure 5aThe kit presses on the reinforcement (94) with its bosses (113) which not only act as stiffening means, but also as a spacer. The kit can be fixed to the reinforcement (94) to prevent it from moving in the mold during the injection of the concrete. The mold covers are closed on either side of the kit by pressing sufficiently tightly on the molding joint (131a) to prevent concrete laitance from entering the case (1). The concrete is then poured into the mold. After molding, the kit remains anchored to the concrete.

[0048] To be able to produce the sealing barrier, it is first necessary to place several voussoirs end to end, each equipped with a kit (100) of the invention, so as to form a ring like that shown in figure 7 . Usually there are at least two different types of voussoirs in such a ring. The ring shown in the figure 7comprises four voussoirs equipped with a kit made with a large case (1"), and one voussoir equipped with a kit made with a small case (1). After the ring has been put in place, an inlet of pressurized cement grout (or any other desired filling product) is connected to the free end of the gripping sleeve (34) which opens into the intrados (92) of the voussoir (9). The cement grout is injected into the sheath via the gripping sleeve (34), the injection sleeve (31) and the ring-nut (32). The sheath unfolds under the pressure of the cement grout, tearing off the wires to be broken (22) one after the other. The sheath swells until it touches the wall (8) of the gallery, the shape of which it takes. This is shown schematically on the Figure 6a. When the injected cement grout (29) reaches the ends of the sheath (27), these in turn unfold. The flared shape of the side walls (122) of the case facilitates the deployment of the ends of the sheath. These ends deploy towards the lateral ends of the voussoir and come into contact with the already filled end of the sheath of the adjacent voussoir so as to ensure the continuity of the sealing barrier. Figure 6b schematically represents this situation. After filling the duct, the pressurized cement grout inlet is removed and a sealing plug can be placed in the injection sleeve or the gripping sleeve, in particular by screwing.

[0049] It is also possible to provide a secondary inspection and injection device which makes it possible, on the one hand, to inspect the overlap zones between two successive filled sheaths, and on the other hand, to inject a material to fill any deployment defects in the sheaths. The material to be injected may be cement grout, a resin, polyurethane foam, or any other suitable material. The secondary inspection and injection device may consist of at least one, preferably two, secondary conduits (41) preferably arranged outside the case. The first end of the secondary conduits opens onto the intrados of the voussoir preferably at right angles to the gripping sleeve (34), and the second end opens onto the extrados of the voussoir at the ends of the case, in the sheath overlap zone.

[0050] The person skilled in the art understands that the kit could consist of a very simple case (1") consisting only of a bottom wall (11") and a belt (12"), without a boss and / or without a case flange (13"). Likewise, it would be possible to dispense with the hydro-inflating seal and the molding seal. It would also be possible to dispense with the grooves (123, 131) for the seals and to place them on their respective wall without any particular measure.

[0051] The case can be made of thermoformed plastic. Generally, a thickness of about 5 mm is sufficient. However, other materials are also possible, including waterproof cardboard, metal such as galvanized sheets or metal profiles, wood, plywood or chipboard, by 3D printing, etc. For a tube with a radius of 2,450 mm, two types of cases can be provided, one with an angular longitudinal extension of 36.8° and the other with an angular longitudinal extension of 80.8°, and two types of corresponding voussoirs. When the longitudinal extension of the case is quite large, it may be useful for the case (1') to be in two pieces (1'a, 1'b) assembled together. This is for example the case (1') shown in figure 2 .

[0052] The invention is presented here using the example of a tunnel. The kit could, however, be used for other applications that require the formation of a barrier in a space located between two adjacent walls by means of a sheath to be filled from the outside with a product to be injected. This could, for example, be two building walls. The product to be injected is not necessarily cement grout or concrete. It could be a plastic material or an expanding foam, for example. Rather than forming a barrier, the expanded and injected sheath can be used to wedge one part into the other, for example (caulking sheath).

[0053] The advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the sheath is pre-installed in the factory and the kit is ready to use. Its installation in the segment mold does not impact the production rate, quite the contrary, because the delicate installation of the sheath in the engraving is eliminated. Pre-installation in the workshop makes it possible to define the implementation procedures, in an industrial and consistent manner. Staff are trained in these operations. List of references

[0054] 100 Device for making a barrier / Kit 1, 1', 1" Housing case 11 Bottom wall 111 Drilling 112 Recess 113 Bosses 12 Belt 121 Longitudinal walls 121a Anchoring means / Undercut 122 Side walls 123 Groove for hydro-inflatable seal 123a Hydro-inflatable seal 13 Case flange 131 Groove for molding seal 131a Molding seal 19 Housing 2 Sheath 21 Side edges pleated in bellows 22 Retaining means / Threads to break) 23 Fixing means / Velcro strip 231 First Velcro strip / Hook strip) 232 Second Velcro strip / Velvet strip) 24 Underside of the sheath folded in an accordion 25 Upper side of the sheath folded in an accordion 26 Protective strip 27 Side edges of the accordion-folded sheath 29 Injected cement grout 3 Injection device 31 Injection sleeve 311 Upper part of the injection sleeve 312 Lower part of the injection sleeve 313 Shoulder 32 Ring nut 321 Flangeof ring 33 Non-return valve 34 Gripping sleeve 35 Fireman's sheath 4 Secondary inspection and injection device 41 Secondary pipes 5 Cover 8 Gallery wall 9 Segment 91 Segment extrados 92 Segment intrados 93 Obviously left by the case 94 Reinforcement

Claims

1. Device for forming a barrier between a first wall (9) and a second wall (8) by introducing a filling material (29) into a sleeve (2), the device being a preassembled kit (100) comprising: • a casing (1, 1', 1") provided with a housing (19) having a cavity open on one side and delimited by an open edge; • at least one through-hole (111) passing through the bottom of the housing; and • a closed sleeve (2) placed in the housing (19), the sleeve being provided with at least one opening in fluid communication with said at least one through-hole (111), the dimensions of the sleeve being selected such that before filling, it can be entirely contained within the housing without protrusion, and that after filling, the sleeve protrudes from the housing; characterised in that • the preassembled kit (100) is sized so that it can be handled by hand by one or two operators without lifting tools, • the device is intended to be placed on the extrados of a tunnel segment (9), • the housing has a longitudinal extension and a transverse extension, the longitudinal extension of the bottom of the housing having an circular arc shape concentric with the circular arc forming the extrados of the segment for which it is intended, and in that the opening of the housing has the same shape as the extrados of the segment for which the device is intended.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the preassembled kit (100) is adapted to be placed in a mould for a precast moulded element (9) such that the housing (19) opens toward the outside of the precast moulded element (9).

3. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sleeve (2) is fixed to the casing (1) by fastening means, preferably by a hook-and-loop strip (23).

4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that • the casing (1, 1', 1") is provided with a bottom wall (11) and a belt (12) consisting of two longitudinal walls (121) and two lateral walls (122), • wherein the longitudinal walls (121) preferably form a substantially right angle with the bottom wall (11), and / or • wherein the lateral walls (122) preferably form an obtuse angle with the bottom wall (11); • wherein a sealing gasket (123a) is preferably provided on the outer face of the belt so as to surround the belt (12), and / or • wherein a groove (123) is preferably formed in the outer face of the belt (12) for placing a sealing gasket (123a).

5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a casing flange (13) is provided around the open edge of the housing (19), • a moulding gasket (131a) being preferably placed on the upper face of the casing flange (13) located in the extension of the inner face of the housing, said moulding gasket running around the casing flange, • said moulding gasket (131a) being preferably placed in a groove (131) formed on the upper face of the casing flange (13).

6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that stiffening means are provided to stiffen the casing (1, 1'), the stiffening means being preferably in the form of bosses formed on the outer face of the casing housing, in particular on the outer face of a bottom wall (11) of the housing.

7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that anchoring means are provided for anchoring the casing in a precast element obtained by moulding, the anchoring means preferably consisting of one or more undercuts formed in the casing.

8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the through-hole (111) is formed in a recess (112) of the housing directed outwards, preferably a recess (112) of a bottom wall (11) of the housing.

9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that an injection conduit (3) is provided, the first end of which opens into the through-hole (111) and the other end of which protrudes out of the casing (1, 1', 1"), wherein a one-way valve (33) can be provided in the injection conduit.

10. Device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the injection conduit comprises: • an injection socket (31), a first part (311) of which passes through the through-hole (111) and the opening of the sleeve (2) so that it protrudes into the latter, and a second part (312) of which protrudes outside the casing (1, 1', 1") on the side opposite the open edge of the housing (19); and • a ring, preferably a nut ring (32), located inside the sleeve (2) and fixed onto the first part (311) of the injection socket, preferably by screwing, • the ring being preferably provided with a ring flange (321) for clamping the edge of the sleeve opening against the bottom of the housing (19).

11. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sleeve (2) consists of a tubular piece made of a flexible material, preferably fabric, closed at both ends, • the sleeve (2) preferably being folded, in particular along its entire length so as to form at least one bellow, preferably two bellows (21), and in that • each bellow is preferably held in place by retaining means that can easily break under the effect of a product injected into the sleeve, in particular by breakable wires (22); and / or • the ends of the sleeve are preferably folded to form an end bellow (27).

12. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a protective strip (26) is provided on the sleeve (2) to protect it when it is placed in the housing (19).

13. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the housing (19) is closed by a cover (5), said cover being attachable to the casing (1, 1', 1") by fastening means, and / or said cover (5) being provided with pre-cuts capable of breaking during the filling of the sleeve.

14. Device according to claim 5 or according to one of the preceding claims when these are directly or indirectly dependent on claim 5, characterised in that the flange (13) surrounding the opening of the housing (19) has the same shape as the extrados of the segment for which the device is intended.

15. Device according to the preceding claim, characterised in that it is placed in the extrados of a segment (9) with the outer face of the bottom of casing (1, 1', 1") in contact with the reinforcement (94) of the segment.

16. Method for manufacturing a precast moulded element provided with a device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, in particular for manufacturing a tunnel segment (9), the precast element having at least one face (91) on which the housing opens and a second face (92), characterised in that: • the preassembled device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims is prepared by equipping the preassembled device, if not already equipped, • with an injection conduit • a first end of which opens into the through-hole (111) of the casing and is in fluid communication with the sleeve opening, and • a second end of which is sufficiently far from the casing (1, 1', 1") to be able to open on the second face (92) of the precast element; and • if desired, with a sealing gasket (123a) placed on the outer face of the casing, in particular in a circular groove (123) formed around the casing, the sealing gasket (123a) being preferably a water swellable gasket; • the device (100) is placed in a mould such that its housing (19) and the second end of the injection conduit (3) are not in contact with the inside of the mould, • the mould is closed, • the material for the precast element is injected or poured into the mould, • the mould is opened and the precast element equipped with the device anchored therein is removed from the mould.

17. Method according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the injection conduit is formed by attaching a gripping socket (34) to an injection socket (31) already included in the preassembled device, and / or in that if the preassembled kit (100) is provided with a cover (5), the cover is preferably pre-cut before the material is injected into the mould.

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