Zero waste production method in the olive oil production sector

Abstract

This invention relates to a production method that provides minimum water consumption and energy consumption, maximum efficiency and raw material / semi-finished product output without leaving any waste to the receiving environment and its feature is; separating and washing (100) the leaves of olives, transferring the washed olives to the crushing and grinding unit to be shredded (110), obtaining (120) meat pulp, olive pulp juice, seeds and raw oil in the range of 25-65°C by horizontal centrifugation method of the olive pulp formed, processing (130) of olive pomace juice, pulp, seed and raw oil by directing them to the first, second, third and fourth production facilities, respectively.

Description

[0001] ZERO WASTE PRODUCTION METHOD IN THE OLIVE OIL PRODUCTION

[0002] SECTOR

[0003] Technical Field:

[0004] This invention relates to a production method that provides minimum water consumption and energy consumption, maximum efficiency and raw material / semi-finished product output without leaving any waste to the receiving environment.

[0005] State of the Art:

[0006] It is estimated that there are approximately 120-140 million olive trees in Turkey and 200,000 tons of olive oil is produced. Due to the scattered state of olive oil production facilities in our provinces where olive oil is produced, the treatment of wastewater in central treatment plants to be established is not considered appropriate due to transportation and operating costs, and not a permanent solution to the problem.

[0007] The most preferred system in the world and in Turkey in the production of olive oil; They are "Continuous Systems" known as "Continuous Systems". The preferred technology in these systems is 2-phase or 3-phase production technologies. Decanters used in continuous systems; If it has two product (1 -olive oil, 2-water olive pomace) output, it is called 2-phase, if it has three product (1-olive oil, 2-oil pomace, 3-black water) output, it is called 3-phase production technology.

[0008] The majority of olive squeezing plants in our country are produced with three-phase technology. Due to the low capacity and idle operation of these facilities, individual solutions cannot be developed for the disposal of black water. The proposed lagoon system for the disposal of black water; Considering that olive oil production facilities work every season, and the period of non-operation does not exceed 9 months, neither the time required for the evaporation of the black water accumulated in these lagoons will be sufficient, nor the evaporation percentage will be sufficient for the disposal of the black water. For example; A facility that processes 40 tons / day in a 3-phase continuous system requires a surface area of 20.805 m3 / 2.5 m= 8.322 m2 when the depth of the lagoon is 2.5 m, where the black water can be collected for 10 years.

[0009] Chemical / physical processes ongoing oil production by the production of olive oil originating from the processed waste facility with production facilities of non-hazardous waste recycling and / or waste processing that occurs within the waste (waste / black water, pulp, sludge, pulp, paste, etc.) to receptive environments (stream / tea / river, drying channel / sewer, field-garden, etc.), causing pollution of the environment and disruption of the natural balance / ecological balance.

[0010] Particularly, the black water pollution left by the enterprises engaged in 3-phase olive oil production to the receiving environment, the preference of 2-phase production and partly after olive oil production followed by 2-extraction applications and partly the pulp, pomace, etc. accumulated in the enterprises after olive oil production it is tried to be disposed of by processing in non-hazardous waste recycling facilities where wastes are processed. Despite these measures taken to protect the environment, although it varies from season to season, olive water, which accounts for 40% of the average olive content, has not yet been industrially evaluated, and it continues to create pollution by leaving it in the receiving environments where it is processed. This problem is a common problem in our country as well as in all other olive oil producing Mediterranean countries. The "Decimated Water Environmental Problem" is an important environmental problem among the world environmental problems. In addition, fatal occupational accidents in chemical processes, traffic accidents caused by the use of inappropriate transport systems in the waste management process, flue gas, odor and visual pollution, as well as the fact that employees continue their production under high risk are among the most important problems to be solved. In addition, the production outputs (dry pomace, olive pomace oil, etc.) are presented to consumption as bad quality and cheap products, which creates a great disadvantage in terms of human health and sustainable economy / environment / agriculture. In the patent application numbered TR2021016069, the production method of black table olives in pressurized anaerobic environment is explained. The invention is related to the production method of table black olives, which protects the olives from the development of unwanted bacteria and molds on the one hand, and on the other hand, allows the water in the olive fruit and the oleuropein substance, which leads to bitterness with water, to come out of the fruit. This invention is not related to the production of olive oil, nor does it offer a solution for the evaluation of waste during production.

[0011] The patent application numbered TR202001568 describes the method of recycling the liquid waste of olive and olive oil production. The invention is related to a method that allows easy, fast and economical recycling of liquid waste (blackwater), which is released from olive and olive oil production processes and is considered hazardous waste. In the developed olive and olive oil liquid waste recycling method, the liquid waste fed into the drying reactor starts to be evaporated under the influence of the blackwater vacuum and the water contained in it is removed from the blackwater. Then, the hazardous waste sludge remaining at the bottom in the drying reactor is transferred to the outside of the drying reactor via a spiral conveyor. This invention provides a solution for recycling the resulting blackwater after 3 phases. Thus, this invention is valid only for the 3-phase production method.

[0012] Description of the Invention:

[0013] The main purpose of our production method, which is the subject of the invention, is to prevent environmental pollution with zero waste, to minimize water consumption, to increase quality in production and to provide recycling in agriculture.

[0014] While our invention ensures the protection of water reserves, which are the most important of our agricultural inputs, with low water consumption, it completely eliminates the waste problem and provides protection of ecological diversity, vegetation and agricultural lands. With the method of the invention, higher quality olive oil will be produced more economically. Because low energy cost and efficient operation will ensure that olive oil reaches the consumer with higher quality and lower price. Both the producer and the consumer will be satisfied.

[0015] With our invention method, raw olive oil, olive pulp, biomass fuel and liquid organic fertilizer / organomineral (from olive pulp water) fertilizer will be obtained from olive pulp and brought to agriculture and economy. Olive pulp will contribute to closing the 9 million tons of feed raw material deficit in Turkey and reducing the import of feed raw materials. Moreover, it increases the quality of animal nutrition with the mineral and vitamin supplements it contains and does not affect animal health since it will not contain additives and GMO components. Olive seed is converted into biomass fuel with the energy value it contains and is an alternative energy source to diesel, fuel, oil, natural gas and imported coal. This energy source has zero CO value and is an environmentally friendly and clean fuel. 1% edible crude oil is recovered from the olive pomace, and it is possible to obtain edible crude oil since it will not deteriorate for a long time with oxidation and fermentation as a result of waiting.

[0016] The amount of polluting black water will decrease by 50% from 1,000,000 tons and will turn into 500,000 tons of usable waste. These 500,000 tons of waste will be enriched with natural products and turned into a new economic resource worth 300 million dollars, which is used in agriculture and enriches the organic structure of our soils. Product quality, quantity and service will be standardized, and quality will gain momentum at every stage. Information will be used more effectively on the producer base, and efficiency and profitability will be ensured. Agricultural risks will be overcome with minimum damage, producer grievances will be prevented, and producer's welfare will be increased.

[0017] In olive oil production, service and production will be standardized and the transportation costs of olive oil will be minimized. Because; While olives for oil will be processed in the region where they are produced and in the closest facility, transportation costs will be reduced significantly and local traffic risks will be minimized. From the olive pulp meat (meat pulp) to be produced to olive pulp, olive feed, olive powder, olive flour, etc. food / feed products; from olive pomace seed to biomass fuel (to be used as semi-finished product or raw material in sectors such as food and chemistry); from olive pomace oil to edible and / or refining crude / olive oil; By separating the olive pomace juice and converting the waste water, which is in the nature of natural fruit juice, into different and new products with different processes / pre- and post-fermentation processes for separate products in hygiene and clean tanks, from liquid organic fertilizer to organomineral fertilizer and according to the freshness degree, from salad, olive sauce, olive It is possible to transform it into many different and new natural food products, from fruit juice drinks to pickled olives.

[0018] Description of the Figures:

[0019] This invention is described in more detail by means of sampling only, with reference to the October drawings hereinafter, in these drawings;

[0020] Figure 1 It is the schematic view of the system showing the working method.

[0021] Figure 2 This is the view of the facility for organomineral fertilizer production.

[0022] The figures to help understand the present invention are numbered as indicated in the attached image and are given below along with their names.

[0023] Description of References:

[0024] 1. First tank

[0025] 2. Second tank

[0026] 3. Third tank

[0027] 4. Large mixer tank

[0028] 5. Small mixer tank 6. Heater

[0029] 7. Fermentation unit

[0030] 8. Product tank

[0031] 9. Vehicle

[0032] 10. External output line

[0033] 11. External input line

[0034] 12. Pump

[0035] 13. Filter

[0036] 100. Washing

[0037] 110. Shredded

[0038] 120. Obtaining

[0039] 130. Processing

[0040] 200. Getting into a large mixer tank

[0041] 210. Transferring

[0042] 220. Homogenization

[0043] 230. Thermal processing

[0044] 240. Transformation into organomineral fertilizer

[0045] 250. Transferring the finished product to the tank and packaging

[0046] 300. Fermenting

[0047] 310. Drying

[0048] 320. Mixing

[0049] 330. Obtaining olive feed

[0050] 400. Baking

[0051] 410. Grinding

[0052] 500. Packaging

[0053] Detailed Description of The Invention:

[0054] The purpose of the invention method is to process the olive pulp that occurs after the 2- phase stage of the olive and to reduce the amount of waste that occurs after the production of olive oil to zero. The processes of obtaining olive pulp and olive oil from olives are as follows; olives are separated from their leaves and taken for washing (100), then olives washed in the crushing and grinding unit are shredded (110) and olive pulp with olive oil is formed as a result. Olive pulp is subjected to a treatment in the December 25-65 °C range by horizontal centrifugal method and obtaining ( 120)f our different products . These products; olive pulp juice, pulp, seed, and raw oil. These four products first, second, third and fourth are then directly processing (130).

[0055] After the olive pulp water is directed to a tank, whey and animal syrup water are used to obtain fertilizer from this pulp water. After the olive pulp water is directed to a tank, whey and animal syrup water are used to obtain fertilizer from this pulp water. These three substances are first passed through the filter (13) and then getting (200) to the large mixer tank (4). To improve the quality of fertilizer, a number of elements are used. These elements are; nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, molybdenum, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron are mixed in the small mixer tank (5). Then, transferring this mixture (210) to the large mixer tank (4) and homogenized with another liquid mixture (220). The homogenized mixture is sent to the heater (6) where it is thermal processing (230). After being heat treated, it is left to cool and rest. This mixture, which the transformation into organomineral fertilizer (240) after resting, is transferred to the product tank (8) and transferring the finished product to the tank and packaging (250). After it is packed, it is shipped with vehicles (9) to the places needed. The production facility in Figure 2 is related to the production of organomineral fertilizer. The first tank (1), the second tank (2) and the third tank (3) provide the storage of whey, olive pomace juice and animal sherbet water. The pump (12), on the other hand, undertakes the task of transferring the mixtures from one place to another. The fermentation unit (7) is connected to another line independent of the inlet and outlet lines, and it ferments these wastes after the entry of wastes with a different substance than the wastes in production. The mixture that has become an organomineral fertilizer is transferred to the product tank (8), where it is packaged and shipped with vehicles (9) in the form of finished or semi-finished products.

[0056] In order to obtain the olive feed, the meat pulp produced before is fermenting first (300). It is then dried (310). In order to increase feed quality, mixing (320) with agricultural products such as barley, grain, sesame, com, poppy, orange salt and obtained olive feed (330).

[0057] Since the olive kernel has a calorific value of 4850-5200 Kcal / kg, it is first processed in order to become biomass. The seeds collected in the seed separation unit are first fired and thermal processing (400), then Grinding (410) and ready for use as biomass.

[0058] Raw oil, the fourth product obtained, is not subjected to any processing, it is only packaged (500) and shipped to the relevant places.

Claims

CLAIMS - The invention is related to the zero-waste production method in the olive oil production sector, and its feature is; separating and washing (100) the leaves of olives,- transferring the washed olives to the crushing and grinding unit to be shredded (HO), obtaining (120) meat pulp, olive pulp juice, seeds and raw oil in the range of 25-65°C by horizontal centrifugation method of the olive pulp formed, processing (130) of olive pomace juice, pulp, seed and raw oil by directing them to the first, second, third and fourth production facilities, respectively. - As mentioned in Claim 1, It is a method of processing olive pomace juice in primary production facilities, and its feature is;- the whey, olive pomace juice and animal sherbet water taken into the tanks are passed through the filter (13) and getting (200) into the large mixer tank(4),- transferring (210) substances composed of mixed elements in the small mixer(5) to the large mixer (4), homogenizing (220) all the mixtures in the large mixer tank (4), sending the homogenized mixture to the heater (6) and thermal processing (230), turning cooling Transformation into organomineral fertilizer (240) and- transferring the finished product to the tank and packaging (250) the fertilizer to the product tank (8) includes the processing steps. - As mentioned in Claim 1, it is the method of processing the pulp in the second production facilities, and its feature is; fermenting (300) the pulp, drying (310), mixing (320) with agricultural products such as barley, corn, poppy, sesame, orange salt, cereals and obtaining olive feed (330), including the processing steps.9- As mentioned in Claim 1, It is the method of processing the core in third production facilities, and its feature is;- thermal processing (400) the beans, grinding (410) the baked beans in order to turn them into biomass, and includes the processing steps. - As mentioned in Claim 1, it is the method of processing raw oil in the fourth production facilities, and its feature is; packaging (500) of raw oil to be used as raw material includes the processing step. - As mentioned in Claim 2, the elements and its feature is; it contains nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, molybdenum, zinc, copper, manganese and iron.

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