System for attaching facade elements

Abstract

The invention relates to a fastening system (1) for the suspended fastening of facade elements (10) to a building (50), its facade element designed for such fastening, a facade (100) made of such fastened facade elements and a method (200) for the suspended fastening of such facade elements to a building.The fastening system (1) comprises a mounting element (2) for fastening to a building with a planar support element (21) having a support surface (21a) suitable for suspending the facade element on this support surface with the center of gravity (SP) of the facade element below the support element, a guide (3) arranged on the mounting element for receiving a fixing element (4), wherein the guide is designed such that the fixing element is displaceable in the guide in the vertical direction (VR) relative to the support surface and is fixed by the guide in the horizontal direction (HR) parallel to the support surface, wherein the fixing element is designed such that fixing of the facade element opposite the support surface of the mounting element is made possible.

Description

Field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to a fastening system for the suspended fastening of facade elements to a building, a facade element designed for such a fastening, a facade made of such fastened facade elements and a method for the suspended fastening of such facade elements to a building. Background of the invention

[0002] In construction, a ventilated facade (VHF), also known as a rear-ventilated façade or suspended facade, is a multi-layer exterior wall construction with non-load-bearing cladding that is attached to the load-bearing wall at a distance from the wall. The outer shell protects the building structure from rain, snow, sun, condensation, and strong winds, but is not designed to be airtight. In order to dissipate moisture that diffuses from the building's interior into the exterior wall, as well as moisture that occurs unexpectedly, the cladding is usually designed as a facing with ventilation openings. If increased moisture in the exterior wall is not expected or if this is harmless, an airtight design is also conceivable. VHF constructions, like walls with a traditional (with a gap) masonry facing, are considered double-leaf exterior walls.The latter can rest on their own foundations up to one or two stories high. For higher facades, however, masonry facings are often additionally suspended from the load-bearing wall at certain levels.

[0003] The curtain wall is mounted on a substructure that covers the entire exterior wall of a building and wraps around the entire structure. The substructure is often made of aluminum profiles, which are easy to process, load-bearing, and non-combustible. However, since aluminum conducts heat well, each attachment point forms a thermal bridge, which significantly reduces the insulation value of the structure. Unless there are fire safety concerns, the substructure should be made of wood, which conducts heat much worse than metal. The thermal bridge effect can also be reduced by using pressure-resistant insulation as a base beneath the substructure and screwing the support profiles to the wall through the insulation. The screw heads can be shielded from the cold ambient air by a heat-insulating sheath.Such a substructure requires significant material expenditure, installation time, and installation costs for the substructure. Furthermore, the vertical and horizontal loads of the facade elements are treated separately and not captured by a common system. All solutions for fastening a suspended facade are not intended for heavy facade elements, but rather for lightweight facades, which are most commonly used in new construction.

[0004] It would therefore be desirable to be able to install all types of facade elements in front of building walls in such a way that all loads of a facade element (even heavy facade elements) can be balanced while minimizing the impact on the existing building. Solid existing buildings include, for example, concrete walls or concrete floor slabs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the invention is therefore to provide a fastening system for the assembly of facade elements with a short assembly time, with which all loads of a facade element (even in the case of heavy facade elements) can be compensated by the existing building while at the same time causing as little interference with the existing building as possible.

[0006] The problem is solved by a fastening system for the suspended fastening of a facade element to a building, comprising: a mounting element for fastening to the building, comprising a flat support element with a support surface suitable for the suspended support of the facade element on this support surface with the center of gravity of the facade element below the support element; a guide arranged on the mounting element for receiving a fixing element, wherein the guide is designed such that the fixing element is displaceable in the guide in the vertical direction relative to the support surface, wherein the fixing element is designed such that a horizontal positional securing of the facade element is enabled.

[0007] The term "fastening system" generally refers to a fastening device with which facade elements of any weight can be attached to a building. The facade elements can, for example, weigh a few kilograms or 400 kg or more. The fastening system according to the invention is specified in detail by the above features. The fastening system can be connected to the building at any suitable location. The building should be sufficiently load-bearing for the weight of the respective facade element in the fastening area. The facade elements can be installed in front of the building as a curtain wall in front of the existing facade. Alternatively, the facade elements can also represent the actual facade of the building, without the need for an existing facade behind it.In the case of correspondingly heavy facade elements, concrete sections of the building can represent particularly load-bearing areas. For example, such concrete sections can be formed by floor slabs or by concrete pillars on or in the building wall. The material of the fastening system must be sufficiently stable to be able to withstand the respective weight of the facade element, whereby the weight of the facade elements can vary from several kilograms to several hundred kilograms depending on the application and building requirements. Suitable materials for the fastening system include metals such as aluminum or steel; for lighter facade elements, however, plastics can also be used for the fastening system.

[0008] The term "facade element" refers to a flat body that is installed in front of and covers the previous exterior boundary of a building, such as the exterior wall, for reasons of the building's appearance and / or to insulate it against cold, heat, moisture, rain, etc., or for other protective reasons. Thus, after installation, these flat bodies form the building's exterior boundary and therefore its facade. Facade elements are flat bodies because they are significantly larger in height and width in front of a building than their thickness perpendicular to the building wall. Depending on the building type, the resulting facade comprises one or more facade elements, which, when combined, form a new, closed facade of the building equipped with them.The facade element comprises a facade body suitably constructed to achieve the aforementioned protective effects and a frame suitable for connection to the fastening system in the manner claimed here. The construction of the facade element is designed so that it can be mounted with the fastening system according to the invention, creating a closed building envelope to achieve the aforementioned goals for energy-efficient renovation of the building. The thickness of the facade elements is determined by their intended function, for example, by the thickness of the insulating material contained therein depending on the desired insulating effect.

[0009] The installation of facade elements on the building refers to the attachment of these facade elements to an existing building envelope from the outside. The facade elements therefore do not need to be an original part of the building, but can be subsequently attached to the building from the outside, for example, to existing floor slabs or wall pillars. However, the facade elements can also serve as the building's original facade if they are suspended from a building made up of wall pillars. In the latter case, the facade element can also represent the actual exterior wall of the building. The insulating effect of the facade element remains unaffected.

[0010] The term "suspended fastening" refers to an installation of the facade element in which the facade element is connected to the fastening system in such a way that, after installation, the center of gravity of the facade element is located below the fastening system, in particular below the support surface of the fastening system. The term "below" refers to all points that are closer to the ground in the direction of gravity than the support surface of the fastening system. Because the center of gravity of the facade element is located below the support surface of the fastening system, the fastening is a suspended fastening, whereby the facade element is suspended from the fastening system in a stable state. This means that no tilting moments act on the facade element that could force it out of its suspended position.As a precaution, the facade element can still be additionally secured against tipping by adding additional attachment points at other points on the facade element. These added attachment points do not have to bear the weight of the facade element, but only prevent tipping. The flat support element refers to an element that provides a horizontal support surface for the facade element that is essentially perpendicular to the vertical loads from the facade element's own weight. In the case of vertically suspended facade elements, the support element is essentially aligned perpendicular to the weight force. In the case of facade elements that are suspended in front of non-vertical areas of the building (sloping building areas), i.e. in a correspondingly inclined orientation in front of the building area, the support element is essentially aligned perpendicular to the slope force acting on the facade element.For vertically hanging facade elements, the downhill force is equal to the weight force. For facade elements hanging at an incline, the downhill force is the component of the weight force that acts on the facade element parallel to the inclined building section along the facade element. Such inclined building areas can be, for example, building roofs. In one embodiment, the support surface is completely flat. The vertical support of the facade element on this support surface enables simplified installation and alignment of the facade element to the desired position as well as variation of the distance between the existing facade and the new facade element. A support surface is also advantageous over other suspension mechanisms such as hooks, since with hooks there is no possibility of varying the distance of the suspended facade element from the building wall.Unevenness in the building wall can be easily compensated for by adding a support surface, allowing the facade element to rest slightly closer or closer to the support surface depending on the state of the wall. This would not be possible with suspension hooks.

[0011] The terms "vertical" and "horizontal" refer to the directions relative to the support surface of the mounting element. For facade elements that are suspended vertically in front of a building, the vertical direction corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the ground and thus parallel to the acting weight, while horizontal refers to the direction parallel to the ground and thus perpendicular to the acting weight. For facade elements that are not suspended vertically but, for example, cover inclined surfaces of a building, the vertical direction refers to the direction along the suspension direction of the facade element, while the horizontal direction corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the suspension direction.

[0012] The guide here refers to all means suitable for receiving and guiding a fixing element in one direction, whilst preventing the fixing element from moving in the other two spatial directions beyond the usual play of the fixing element in the guide. The fixing element can be fixed in a horizontal direction parallel to the support surface by the guide. Such a guide can be, for example, a linear guide, a dovetail guide, a profile rail guide, a vertical mounting rail, a support rail, an anchor rail, a C- or G-rail or other guides with a correspondingly suitable geometric shape. The fixing element can have any suitable geometric shape depending on the guide used, on the one hand to fit into the guide for guidance by the guide in the vertical direction and, on the other hand, to detach itself from the guide or the support rail with a suitable shape.to extend away from the wall on which the fastening element with guide is mounted, so that the facade element can be additionally secured in the desired position with the fixing element held horizontally by the guide. The fixing element can be made of any robust, tensile and temperature-resistant material, for example, metal such as steel or aluminum. However, the temperature resistance here only applies to the temperature ranges typically reached in the vicinity of human-occupied houses on this planet.

[0013] In one embodiment, the fixing element is designed such that horizontal positional security is enabled by fixing the facade element opposite the support surface of the mounting element. The term "opposite" refers to fixing the facade element in such a way that the horizontally parallel arrangement of the support surface is below the supported component of the facade element and the fixing element is above this component.

[0014] With the fastening system according to the invention, all loads of a facade element, both in the horizontal direction relative to the support surface (tensile and compressive forces) and in the vertical direction relative to the support surface (dead weight), can be balanced with a single steel element through minimal intervention in the existing building. This minimal intervention is ensured by the fact that the number of fastening systems can be limited to the minimum necessary due to the low dead loads of the facade elements, for example, by using just two fastening systems at the two upper corners of the facade element in the building wall. This could be achieved with just two screw connections per fastening system, so that, for example, for the entire facade element, at least four holes need to be drilled into the house wall.The fastening system according to the invention does not require a supporting substructure on the building, which would serve as a foundation for a suspended facade. The upper corners refer to the corners of the facade element that are further vertically from the ground than, for example, the lower corners.

[0015] This is a particularly unique selling point in contrast to other conventional substructures for curtain wall elements, where the entire house wall is covered with a load-bearing substructure in the form of a cross pattern of continuous vertical and horizontal strips or rails. Such substructures according to the state of the art require at least twice as much material, time, and installation costs, as the vertical and horizontal loads of the facade elements are treated separately and, unlike the present invention, are not included in a single system. Furthermore, all other conventional solutions in the state of the art are not suitable for the attachment of heavy facade elements (approx.400 kg), but only designed for lightweight facades, as is usually used in new buildings, nor do they allow the fastening of entire facade modules in existing buildings via a few individual anchoring points, which are provided by the fastening systems according to the invention.

[0016] The fastening system according to the invention is designed so that the incoming loads from the facade elements can be mounted to the building, for example, to the floor slab, using as few mounting elements as possible, thus anchoring them minimally invasively in the existing building. This shortens installation time and thus minimizes the disruption to residents of these buildings during the renovation phase. However, the fastening system according to the invention can also be used in new buildings to attach the facade elements to a building.

[0017] The fastening system according to the invention also enables precise pre-production of the complete facade elements in a single factory, regardless of the weather. The fastening systems can be pre-assembled on-site, allowing for rapid installation of the facade elements with just a few steps and fasteners.

[0018] In order to produce the facade elements as uniformly as possible and with a low dead weight, the fastening system according to the invention was developed. This makes it possible, for example, to suspend the facade elements from two superimposed floors from the ceiling between them. The loads of the facade elements above do not have to be absorbed by the lowest facade element, but can be transferred to the floor ceiling floor by floor. This enables repetitive installation of the facade across any number of floors.

[0019] The fastening system according to the invention thus represents a fastening system for the assembly of facade elements with the shortest possible assembly time, with which all loads of a facade element (even in the case of heavy facade elements) can be compensated for with the least possible interventions on the existing building for all types of solidly constructed existing buildings.

[0020] In another embodiment, the guide is closed on the side facing the building, allowing the fixing element to be slid vertically on the closed side of the guide. This means that the geometry of the guide is not influenced by the surface of the building, such as the building wall, and any unevenness. Thus, the fixing element can be inserted and moved into a guide with a defined rear side. In this embodiment, the guide is not a slotted hole.

[0021] In a further embodiment, the guide is permanently connected to the mounting element, preferably in a central position above the support surface, as seen in the horizontal direction along the support surface. The connection can be established, for example, by a welded joint. Thus, the guide ensures optimal hold of the fixing element on the mounting element, which leads to reliable fixation of the facade element by the fixing element. The guide is preferably arranged in a central position above the support surface, as seen in the horizontal direction along the support surface, and thus symmetrically to the support surface.

[0022] In a further embodiment, the guide is arranged above the support surface on an area of ​​the mounting element not intended for supporting the facade element. This area of ​​the mounting element preferably rests at least partially against the building. This allows the entire support surface to be used to hold the facade element if necessary. This area of ​​the mounting element preferably rests at least partially against the wall, leaving the entire support surface free for hanging the facade element.

[0023] In a further embodiment, the guide is designed and arranged on the mounting element in such a way that the fixing element cannot leave the guide in the direction of the support surface. As a result, the fixing element cannot fall through the guide. This prevents the fixing element from becoming accidentally jammed between the facade element and the mounting element during installation of the facade elements. In the mounted position of the fastening system, "in the direction of the support surface" also means that the fixing element cannot leave the guides downwards, i.e. towards the ground, or be removed from them. If necessary, the fixing element can only be removed from the guide vertically upwards (i.e. away from the support surface) in the mounted state.

[0024] In a further embodiment, the guide comprises locking elements that prevent the fixing element from lifting vertically once it has been positioned in the guide and on the suspended facade element. This allows the facade element suspended on the support surface to be clamped between the support surface and the fixing element with a simple movement. This can ensure that the facade element is securely held on the support surface without any additional measures, thus facilitating the attachment of the fixing elements.

[0025] In a further embodiment, the mounting element comprises a hole system for the passage of fastening elements for attachment to the building. Preferably, the hole system comprises at least two holes, particularly preferably the holes are arranged symmetrically relative to the support surface. A hole system makes it possible to set up multiple fastening points (at least two) for attaching the wall element to the wall. This allows the fastening system to be attached to the wall more securely than with just a single fastening point and also prevents the support surface from twisting. The fastening elements used for this purpose can be selected by a specialist depending on the wall and concrete section, for example steel screws of a suitable diameter that are screwed into corresponding dowels previously placed in drilled holes in the wall, or concrete anchors or other means.The term "symmetrical to the support surface" refers to an imaginary vertical line passing through the geometric center of the support surface. This allows the mounting element to hold the facade element suspended without the weight of the facade element exerting a torque on the mounting element. This ensures the robustness of the fastening system's attachment to the wall.

[0026] In a further embodiment, the support element comprises a sealing element, at least on the support surface, and preferably also on a side opposite the support surface, which extends across the entire width of the support surface. This sealing element seals, for example, against the penetration of moisture into the facade element. The width of the support surface is the extent of the support surface parallel to the facade element that will later be suspended on it. In contrast to the width, the thickness of the two-dimensional support surface refers to the extent of the support surface perpendicular to the wall to which the mounting element is attached. In the case of a suspended facade element, the sealing element prevents moisture on the support surface from penetrating the suspended facade element via the support surface.The support element preferably comprises a sealing element on both sides, i.e., both on the support surface of the support element and on its opposite side. Such a sealing element is, for example, a rubber lip or compression band; preferably, the sealing element comprises a plurality of parallel rubber lips or compression bands.

[0027] In a further embodiment, the sealing element is designed to provide anti-slip protection for the suspended facade element, preventing it from slipping off the support surface during installation. The sealant can, for example, comprise several sealing lips made of a material with a high adhesion coefficient. For example, the surface of the sealant could also be roughened.

[0028] In a further embodiment, the mounting element is designed as an angle, preferably a rectangular angle, with a mounting leg for attachment to the building and a holding leg as the support element. A mounting bracket always has two legs, here with a 90° angle between the two legs. Such a mounting bracket can be easily attached, for example, to a building wall that is usually perpendicular to the ground. With the support element now protruding at a right angle and thus horizontally from the building wall, the support surface of the facade element required for suspended mounting is easily provided.

[0029] In a further embodiment, the fixing element is designed as a rectangular angle with a guide leg for insertion into the guide and a fixing leg for supporting and fixing on the facade element. The fixing leg preferably comprises a hole system for the passage of fixing means for establishing a fixed connection to the facade element that acts at least parallel to the supporting surface. Suitable fixing means can be, for example, screws or pins. While screws establish a fixed connection to the facade element that acts in all directions, pins that are inserted into the hanging facade element from above reliably prevent the facade element from slipping along the supporting surface. Since the supporting surface holds the facade element vertically, such pins are sufficient for adequately securing the position of the facade element.

[0030] In another embodiment, the mounting element is attached to a concrete section of a building's floor. Floors usually consist of a sufficiently thick concrete layer that is very load-bearing. Thus, heavy facade elements can be well supported by such a floor. Concrete, as a building material, exhibits high strength values, ensuring reliable anchoring of the fastening systems and thus of the facade elements suspended from them.

[0031] In a further embodiment, the fastening system further comprises a fixing unit provided for additionally fixing the facade element by connecting the fixing unit both to the building, for example to a concrete section of a basement ceiling, and to a lower end element of the facade element, wherein the fixing unit is designed such that it is not suitable for supporting the facade element. This fixing unit does not need to bear a large load, since the facade element is suspended from the fastening system. The fixing unit is only intended to prevent the facade element from lifting slightly off the lower wall passages. For this purpose, the fixing unit only needs to act against horizontal tensile forces, whereby the fixing unit can be manufactured with a smaller material thickness and size than the mounting element for the suspended fastening of the facade elements.The basement ceiling is ideal for attaching the fixing unit to the building, as it is also usually made of concrete and is therefore also suitable for robust attachment of external elements to it.

[0032] In a further embodiment, the fixing unit comprises a mounting plate with a downwardly open rail arranged thereon for fastening to the building, and a fixing bracket. The fixing unit is designed such that the fixing bracket can be pushed from below in a vertical direction into the rail against the lower end element of the facade element for connection by means of suitable fixing means. The rail is shaped such that it fixes the fixing bracket in a direction perpendicular to the rail. The combination of mounting plate, rail, and fixing bracket allows for the use of an easy-to-handle, robust, and simple-to-install fixing system for the lower fixation of the facade element.

[0033] The invention further relates to a facade element for hanging in front of a building, comprising: an upper end element which, when the facade element is in the hanging position, closes the facade element on a first side above a center of gravity; a lower end element for closing the facade element on the second side of the facade element opposite the upper end element, wherein the lower end element faces the ground when the facade element is in the hanging position; a facade body arranged between the upper and lower end elements for covering the building from the surroundings of the building; and a recess between the upper end element and the facade body on a side of the facade element facing the building for receiving a support surface of a mounting element of a fastening system according to the invention, wherein the facade element is designed such that the upper end element rests on the support surface of the mounting element in the region of the recess.

[0034] This allows the prefabricated facade elements to be quickly, easily, and reliably attached to the building wall, thus enhancing the building's thermal insulation, weather protection, and aesthetic appearance. This allows all loads of a facade element, both horizontal (tensile and compressive forces) and vertical (dead weight), to be balanced with a single steel element through minimal intervention in the existing building. The minimal intervention in the building with only a few, for example, two, fastening systems, for example, at each of the two upper corners of the facade element in the building wall, enables rapid installation of the facade elements, reducing installation time and costs.

[0035] In one embodiment, the facade body comprises a first insulating material for thermally insulating the building from its surroundings. This first insulating material ensures the insulating effect of the entire facade element. Known insulating materials can be used for this purpose.

[0036] In a further embodiment, the recess is surrounded, at least on the side of the recess facing away from the building, by a second insulating material that has a stronger insulating effect than the first insulating material. Preferably, the entire area of ​​the recess facing the facade body is surrounded by the second insulating material. Since the recess reduces the insulable thickness of the facade element in the area of ​​the recess, the lower material thickness of the insulating material in the recess must be compensated for by its higher insulating effect to ensure the most homogeneous insulating effect possible across the entire surface. Such materials with the highest possible insulating effect are known to those skilled in the art.Since the dimensions of the recess are small compared to the dimensions of the rest of the facade element, a high-quality and expensive second insulation material can also be used here, since the volume share of the second insulation material is negligible compared to the volume of the first insulation material.

[0037] In a further embodiment, the facade element comprises, at least on the first side as the outer side of the upper end element, a tongue and groove structure which is intended to engage with a corresponding tongue and groove structure of a further facade element to be arranged thereon. Preferably, the facade element comprises this tongue and groove structure at least on both the upper end element and the lower end element. A connection which is created between two bodies to be connected by means of a tongue and groove structure is a plug-in connection which is mainly used for panel and board-like components, here between the upper end element of one facade element and the lower end element of the other facade element which is to be placed on top of it. The tongue and groove structure of the connection prevents the two facade elements placed on top of one another from shifting in position relative to one another.On at least one side of one end element there is an elongated, usually rectangularly milled recess (the groove), into which the tongue (a type of positive form of the groove) of the other end element fits positively. The tongue is either part of the end element, in which case the connection is also called tongue and groove, or it is inserted as a third, loose, elongated part. This connection is used in a wide variety of components and elements, e.g. in wood and wood-based materials and facade elements. The tongue and groove structure enables the quick and easy connection of separate facade elements on top of or next to one another. In one embodiment, this resulting connection can also be glued to ensure it is particularly strong and long-lasting.In a further embodiment, the facade elements can have a suitable tongue and groove structure on the outside, wherein preferably half of the outside (for example bottom and left) has a complementary tongue and groove structure as the other half of the outside (for example top and right).

[0038] In a further embodiment, the upper end element comprises a flat area intended for contact with a fixing element of the fastening system. The fixing element can be easily attached to this flat area. The clamping effect is also improved if the fixing element can rest completely on the flat area.

[0039] In another embodiment, the tongue-and-groove structure is interrupted in the flat area for the upper and lower end elements. Then, the fixing element can cover the entire width of the upper end element and does not need to have a smaller support surface to avoid a tongue-and-groove structure.

[0040] In a further embodiment, the facade body comprises one or more recesses extending through the facade body, which are provided as window openings, wherein a fire-retardant, preferably fire-resistant, material is arranged in the area around the recesses on the side of the facade element facing the building. The recesses allow the original windows in the building to be left in place or replaced with more modern windows in the facade element. The external appearance and position of the windows in the building remains unchanged; only the window depth is modified. Fire protection can be equally ensured by the facade element by cladding the recesses with appropriately applied fire-retardant / fire-resistant material on the side of the facade element facing the wall. This means that the prefabricated facade elements can also meet fire protection requirements.

[0041] The invention further relates to a facade mounted on a building, comprising one or more facade elements according to the invention, wherein the respective facade elements are each mounted on the building using two or more fastening systems according to the invention. Depending on the size of the building, such a facade can comprise one or more facade elements per wall. A wall here refers to the wall area of ​​the building on one side. Simple buildings with a quadrangular floor plan thus have four walls adjoining one another at their respective corners, on which the building roof rests. Buildings can of course also have more than four walls. If there are several facade elements per wall, these are mounted on top of and / or next to one another, so that the entirety of the facade elements forms the assembled facade. Facade elements of different walls of the building that meet at the corners can be connected to one another at an angle.This connection can be made directly or using an additional corner piece.

[0042] In one embodiment, the facade comprises a plurality of these facade elements, which are connected to one another via a tongue-and-groove structure. This allows for the creation of larger facades from numerous facade elements, which are particularly reliable and solid thanks to the connections between them via the respective tongue-and-groove structures of the individual facade elements.

[0043] In a further embodiment, the facade comprises a first row of one or more facade elements and at least a second row of correspondingly one or more facade elements, wherein the facade elements of the first row are each mounted on the building using two or more fastening systems, wherein the facade elements of at least the second row are placed on the facade elements of the first row and are connected to one another via the tongue and groove structure, wherein the second row of facade elements is only fixed to the building with a second fixing unit on the upper end element of the facade element to secure its position. Thus, the assembly and material costs for the further attached rows are significantly lower than for the first row, which minimizes the overall assembly effort for the entire facade. All facade elements of the second row are placed on facade elements of the first row.The number of facade elements in the second row can be less than or equal to the number of facade elements in the first (bottom) row. A facade element without a facade element below it is referred to as a facade element of the first row. The term "below" refers to a position that, viewed vertically, is closer to the ground or the building's floor slab. Opposite the second row of facade elements, the facade elements of the first row are located "below."

[0044] In a further embodiment, the number of fastening systems used per facade element of the first row increases with the number of further rows of facade elements placed on the second row. In this way, several rows of facade elements can be placed on the first row of facade elements without the loads for the fastening systems according to the invention becoming too high, since the loads can now be distributed across a larger number of fastening systems. This means that the facades can be installed in the same way regardless of the number of storeys in the building. If necessary, with a large number of storeys, another suspended row of facade elements can be installed similar to the first row from a certain number of rows onwards, which depends, among other things, on the weight of the facade elements.

[0045] The invention further relates to a method for the suspended fastening of at least one facade element according to the invention in front of a building by means of a fastening system according to the invention, comprising the following steps: Attaching the fastening systems for the facade element to be suspended to the building with respective support surfaces for the facade element to be suspended using a suitable number of fastening elements, preferably at least two fastening elements; suspending the respective facade element with its upper end element in respective recesses on the support surface of the fastening system; and fixing the suspended facade element by means of fixing elements of the fastening system, which are inserted into a guide on the mounting element of the fastening system and fixed on the upper end element.

[0046] By using the method according to the invention, the fastening system according to the invention, and the facade element according to the invention, all loads of a facade element, both horizontally (tensile and compressive forces) and vertically (dead weight), can be balanced with a single steel element through minimal intervention in existing buildings. This minimal intervention is ensured by the fact that only a few, for example, two, fastening systems need to be attached to the building wall, for example, at each of the two upper corners of the facade element. This could be achieved with just two screw connections per fastening system, so that, for example, for the entire facade element, at least four holes need to be drilled into the building wall.

[0047] In one embodiment of the method, at least two fastening systems are used symmetrically during fastening, one in each area of ​​both upper corners of the facade element.

[0048] In a further embodiment of the method, when the facade element is suspended, its recess does not completely cover the support surface, so that at least around the fastening system a gap remains between the facade element and the building in order to compensate for unevenness in the building.

[0049] In a further embodiment of the method, when the next facade element is hung, it is also inserted into a tongue and groove structure of the underlying facade element, which further improves the connection between the two facade elements.

[0050] In a further embodiment of the method, this comprises the further step of additionally securing the facade element via an additional fixing unit, with which the lower end element of the facade element is connected to the building. The additional fixing unit is designed such that it is not suitable for supporting the facade element. This is only possible for facade elements that are not placed on other facade elements; the lower end element of the facade element must be freely accessible for attaching the additional fixing unit.

[0051] In a further embodiment of the method, this comprises the further steps of determining a position of a floor of the building and fastening the fastening systems in the floor of the building.

[0052] In a further embodiment of the method, this comprises the further step of forming a facade according to the invention, which comprises a plurality of superimposed rows of facade elements, with a first row as the bottom row and at least one second row mounted on the facade elements of the first row. The bottom row of facade elements is thus the row that is vertically attached to the building closest to the ground. The bottom row of facade elements bears the load of all further facade elements mounted on the bottom row above the bottom row of facade elements.

[0053] In a further embodiment of the method, when suspending the facade element of at least the second row, it is inserted into a tongue-and-groove structure of the underlying facade element of the first row. This secures the attached facade element in its position relative to the facade element of the first row and prevents it from slipping off the facade element of the first row.

[0054] In a further embodiment of the method, this comprises the further step of securing the facade element of at least the second row to the building using only a second securing unit on the upper end element of the facade element of at least the second row. This prevents the attached facade element from tipping over from the facade element located below it.

[0055] In a further embodiment of the method, this comprises the further step of increasing the number of fasteners used per facade element of the first row with the number of additional rows of facade elements placed on the second row. This allows multiple rows of facade elements to be placed on the first row of facade elements, while still reliably distributing all loads across the increased number of fasteners, so that the facade elements of the facade can be securely supported by the fasteners.

[0056] In the present invention, the term "a," "an," or "an" does not refer to a specific number of the respective components designated thereby, but explicitly includes the possibility that the claimed subject matter may comprise one or more additional components in addition to the one component. Thus, the term should also be understood as "one or more." However, if the number of specified components is equal to 1, this is referred to as "exactly one."

[0057] The embodiments described above can be combined with one another as desired by a person skilled in the art within the scope of the teaching of the invention, even deviating from the claims. Short description of the drawings

[0058] Fig. 1: an embodiment of a fastening system according to the invention; Fig. 2: a schematic representation of how (b) a facade element according to the invention is suspended on (a) the fastening system according to the invention, wherein (c) shows an enlarged section of part (a) with a sealing element; Fig. 3: a schematic representation of how the suspended facade element of a facade can be fixed with a fixing unit; Fig. 4: an embodiment (a) of a facade according to the invention comprising several facade elements according to the invention, which are suspended on the building in two rows one above the other with their shapes adapted to the original building, and (b) the securing of the position of a facade element of the second row at the upper end of the facade element; and Fig. 5: an embodiment of a method according to the invention for the suspended fastening of at least one facade element according to the invention in front of a wall of a building. Detailed description of the drawings

[0059] The embodiments shown here are merely examples of the present invention and should therefore not be considered limiting. Alternative embodiments contemplated by those skilled in the art are equally encompassed within the scope of the present invention.

[0060] Fig.1shows an embodiment of a fastening system 1 according to the invention for the suspended fastening of a facade element 10 to a building 50, here to a wall 60 of the building 50. The fastening system 1 comprises a mounting element 2, which is fastened here to a concrete section 70 of the wall 60, with a flat support element 21 with a support surface 21a, on which the facade element is placed for suspended support. In this case, the center of gravity SP of the facade element 10, in the hanging state, is located below the support element 21. Below is to be understood here in the vertical direction, wherein a position below the support surface 21a means a position that is closer to the ground along the vertical direction VR than the support surface 21a.A guide 3 for receiving a fixing element 4 is arranged on the mounting element 2. The guide 3 is designed such that the fixing element 4 is displaceable in the vertical direction VR relative to the support surface 21a in the guide 3, and that the fixing element 4 is fixed in the horizontal direction HR parallel to the support surface 21a by the guide 3. The fixing element 4 is designed such that the facade element 10 can be fixed to this support surface 21a opposite the support surface 21a of the mounting element 2 when the facade element is hanging. The support surface has, for example, an area of ​​200 x 200 mm (L / W). The support element 21 can have a thickness of 12 mm. The mounting element 2 is designed here as a rectangular angle with a mounting leg 22 for fastening to a concrete section 70 of the building 50 and a holding leg 21 as the support element 21.The mounting leg can, for example, have an area of ​​250 x 200 mm (L / W) with a thickness of 12 mm, while the holding leg can have an area of ​​200 x 200 mm (L / W) with a thickness of 12 mm. The material of the mounting element can be, for example, structural steel S355. The support surface 21a, which is in contact with the facade element 10 when mounted, is a completely flat support surface 21a here, which, as shown, extends horizontally away from the wall 60 when mounted. To fasten the mounting element 2 to a building wall 60, the mounting leg 22 comprises a hole system 23 consisting of two holes 231 for the passage of fastening elements 24, which are arranged symmetrically relative to the support surface 21a here. This prevents the mounting element 2 from tilting under the load of the facade element 10.In other embodiments, the hole system 23 can also comprise more holes 231 for fastening the fastening system 1 to the building 50. The fastening elements 24 are, for example, screws, for example stainless steel bolt anchors HST 3 / R M12. A person skilled in the art is able to select suitable fastening elements 24 depending on the weight of the facade element. Preferably, the fastening system 1 is fastened in a concrete section 70 of the building 50, since the concrete section 70 has the best strength values ​​and the highest load-bearing capacity of the building wall 60. For example, the concrete section 70 is a floor of the building 50. While floor ceilings are typically made of reinforced concrete with a thickness of approximately 200 mm, a typical wall structure comprises an approximately 245 mm thick hollow block or lightweight concrete block, to which a plaster coating is applied on both sides. Therefore, floor ceilings are preferred for fastening the fastening systems.The guide 3 is closed here on the side 3a facing the wall 60 (i.e., for example, there is no elongated hole), so that the fixing element 4 can be slid vertically on the closed side 3a of the guide 3. The guide 3 is permanently connected to the mounting element 2 in a central position above the support surface 21a, as seen in the horizontal direction HR along the support surface 21a. The guide 3 can, for example, be a Hilti mounting rail with a C-profile (e.g., HMC 40 / 20), which is a high-performance rail for steel-to-steel welding applications. Such a guide 3 can be permanently connected to the mounting element 2, here the mounting leg 22, by means of a welded connection. The guide 3 is also arranged above the support surface 21a on an area of ​​the mounting element 2 not intended for supporting the facade element 10, which area rests against the wall 60 or the concrete section 70.The guide 3 is designed and arranged on the mounting element 2 in such a way that the fixing element 4 cannot leave the guide 3 in the direction of the support surface 21a. The guide 3 can also comprise locking elements (not explicitly shown here) which, after the fixing element 4 has been positioned in the guide 3 and on the suspended facade element 10, prevent the fixing element 4 from being raised vertically. The fixing element 4 is also designed here as a rectangular angle with a guide leg 41 for insertion into the guide 3 and a fixing leg 42 for supporting and fixing it on the facade element 10. The fixing leg 42 comprises a hole system, here consisting of nine holes, for the passage of fixing means 44 for establishing a fixed connection to the facade element 10 that acts at least parallel to the support surface 21a.The fixing leg can, for example, have an area of ​​200 x 100 mm (L / W) with a thickness of 10 mm or an area of ​​135 x 40 mm (L / W) with a thickness of 10 mm. The guide leg can have an area of ​​85 x 40 mm (L / W) with a thickness of 10 mm. The fixing element 4 can be made of S355 structural steel and can be attached to the facade element 10 with nine 60 x 6 mm screws as fixing means 44.

[0061] Fig.2 shows a schematic representation of how (b) a facade element 10 according to the invention is suspended on (a) the fastening system 1 according to the invention, wherein (c) shows an enlarged section of part (a) with a sealing element 5. According to Fig.2(c)An at least moisture-tight sealing element 5 extends over the entire width BM of the support surface 21a and is arranged on the support surface 21a of the support element (2). In one embodiment (not shown here), the sealing element can additionally be arranged on the opposite side 21b to the support surface 21a with a thickness that fills the recess in order to prevent moisture from penetrating the facade element via the underside of the support element. The sealing element 5 can be designed such that it represents a slip protection for the suspended facade element 10, preventing the facade element 10 from slipping off the support surface 21a during assembly of the facade element 10.The facade element 10 comprises, for a suspended attachment to the building 50, an upper closure element 20a which, in the suspended position of the facade element 10, closes the facade element 10 on a first side 10a above a center of gravity SP (usually the geometric center of the facade element or at least in the vicinity thereof), a lower closure element 20b for closing the facade element 10 on the second side 10b of the facade element 10 opposite the upper closure element 20a, wherein the lower closure element 20b faces the ground 80 in the suspended position of the facade element 10, a facade body 30 arranged between the upper and lower closure elements 20a, 20b, here for covering the wall 60 of the building against an environment 90 of the building 60, with the side 10c of the facade element 10 facing the wall, the side facing away from the wall 10d of the facade element 10, and with upper corners 10e of the facade element 10.For suspension purposes, the facade element comprises a recess 31 between the upper end element 20a and the facade body 30 on the side 10c of the facade element 10 facing the wall 60 for receiving a support surface 21a of a mounting element 2 of the fastening system 1 according to the invention, wherein the facade element 10 is designed to rest with the upper end element 20 in the region of the recess 31 on the support surface 21a of the mounting element 2, see . Fig.2(a). The facade body 30 here comprises a first insulating material 32 for thermally insulating the wall 60 of the building 50 from the surroundings 90 of the building 50, for example Rockwool Klemmrock 035. The recess 31 is surrounded here, on the side 10d of the recess 31 facing away from the wall 60, by a second insulating material 33, which has a stronger insulating effect than the first insulating material 32. In embodiments not shown here, the entire area of ​​the recess 31 facing the facade body 30 can also be surrounded by the second insulating material 33. The second insulating material is, for example, EPS insulation.The facade element 10 here comprises an outward-facing facade cladding (for example made of wood with a thickness of 21 mm), a cross batten (for example made of wood with a thickness of 30 mm) behind it with a rear ventilation with insect screen (for example Majvest 200 - wind paper with a thickness of 30 mm), the first insulation material (for example with a thickness of 300 mm) and an air gap (for example with a thickness of 60 mm) to the original wall 60 of the building 50. Such a facade element, as in . Fig.2 and Fig.4shown, can, for example, have a weight of approximately 400 kg. The facade element 10 here comprises, on the first side 10a as the outer side of the upper end element 20a, a tongue and groove structure 34 which is intended to engage in a corresponding tongue and groove structure 34 of a further facade element 10 to be arranged thereon. The facade element 10 preferably comprises this tongue and groove structure 34 on both the upper end element 20a and the lower end element 20b so that, as required, it can serve both as a lower facade element 10 and as a facade element 10 arranged on a lower facade element 10. The upper end element 20a comprises a flat area 20p which is intended to be supported by a fixing element 4 of the fastening system 1. Here, the tongue and groove structure 34 is interrupted in the flat area 20p for upper and lower end elements 20a, 20b.Depending on requirements, the facade body 30 can comprise one or more recesses 40 extending through the facade body 30, which can be provided as window or door openings, wherein on the side 10c of the facade element facing the wall, a fire-retardant, preferably fire-resistant, material is arranged in the area around the recesses 40. Since the facade element 10 can reach up to a maximum of the guide 3 on the support surface 21a, a gap S exists between the wall 60 of the building 50 and the rear side 10c of the facade element. With a depth of the guide 3 of, for example, 32 mm, this gap is then also at least 32 mm. Depending on the actual unevenness of the wall 60, this gap can, for example, be up to 60 mm. This gap is filled with air and serves as rear ventilation for the suspended facade element.

[0062] Fig.3shows a schematic representation of how the suspended facade element 10 of a facade 100 is fixed in one embodiment with a fixing unit 6. The fastening system 1 here further comprises a separately arranged fixing unit 6, which is provided for additional fixing 250 of the lowest facade element 10 by connecting the fixing unit 6 both to the building 50, for example to a concrete section of a basement ceiling 75, and to a lower end element 20b of the facade element 10, wherein the fixing unit 6 is designed such that it is not suitable for supporting the facade element 10.The fixing unit 6 comprises a mounting plate 61 with a downwardly open rail 62 arranged thereon for fastening to the concrete section of the basement ceiling 75 and a fixing bracket 63, wherein the fixing unit 6 is designed such that the fixing bracket 63 can be pushed from below in the vertical direction VR into the rail 62 against the lower end element 20b of the lowest facade element 10 for connecting them by means of suitable fixing means 64, wherein the rail 62 is shaped such that it fixes the fixing bracket 63 in the horizontal direction HR. The mounting plate 61 can be a plate made of structural steel S355 with dimensions 250 x 130 x 12 (W / L / D). The rail 62 can be a C-profile HMC 40 / 20, which can be firmly connected to the mounting plate 61 by means of a welded connection.The fixing bracket can comprise an 80 mm long leg in the rail and a 140 mm long, 10 mm thick horizontal leg for attachment to the facade element 10. It can be made of S355 structural steel. The fixing bracket can be attached to the facade element, for example, with nine 60 x 6 mm screws.

[0063] Fig.4shows (a) an embodiment of a facade 100 according to the invention comprising a plurality of facade elements 10 according to the invention (four facade elements shown here), which are suspended on the building 50 one above the other and next to one another with their shapes adapted to the original building 50, and (b) the securing of the position of a facade element 10 of the second row R2 at the upper end 10a, 20a of the facade element 10. Here, the respective facade elements 10 are mounted with the fastening system 1 according to the invention with mounting element 2 to a suitable area of ​​the building 50, here for example to a respective concrete section 70 (not shown here). The fastening system 1 is shown in dashed lines here, since in the mounted state it is located behind the facade 100 and is thus no longer visible to the observer.The facade 100 is given a common impression by the facade elements 10 joined together, so that the viewer no longer perceives the individual facade elements 10, but rather their overall impression as facade 100. For this purpose, the facade elements 10 joined together each comprise tongue and groove structures 34 suitably shaped for joining together. The individual facade elements 10 comprise different recesses 40, which serve as window openings for the original window openings of the unclad building 50 located behind them. Here, for example, the original windows of the unclad building 50 can have been removed and replaced with new windows in the recesses 40. On the side 10c of the facade element facing the building 50, a fire-retardant, preferably fire-resistant, material is arranged in the area around the recesses 40.This material can be arranged with a width of 300 mm around the recess 40. The facade 100 comprises a first row R1 of several facade elements 10 and a second row of a corresponding number of facade elements 10, wherein the facade elements 10 of the first row are each mounted to the building 50 with the two fastening systems 1 via the mounting element 2, wherein the facade elements 10 of the second row are placed on the facade elements 10 of the first row and are connected to one another via the tongue and groove structure 34, wherein the second row of facade elements 10 are fixed to the building 50 only with a second fixing unit 7 on the upper end element 20a of the facade element 10 to secure its position.The number of fastening systems 1 used per facade element 10 of the first row R1 can increase with the number of further rows of facade elements 10 placed on the second row R2, for example 50 for facades 100 for more than two-story buildings.

[0064] Fig.5shows an embodiment of a method 200 according to the invention for the suspended fastening of at least one facade element 10 according to the invention in front of a wall 60 of a building 50, comprising the steps of determining 210 a position of a floor slab 70 of the building 50; fastening 220 wall fastenings 1 per facade element 1 to be suspended in the concrete section 70 of the respective floor slab 70 with respective support surfaces for the facade element 10 to be suspended with a suitable number of fastening elements 24, preferably at least two fastening elements 24; hanging 230 the respective facade element 10 with its upper end element 20a in respective recesses 31 on the support surface 21a of the fastening system 1;fixing 240 the suspended facade element 10 by means of fixing elements 4 of the fastening system 1, which are inserted into a guide 3 on the mounting element 2 of the fastening system 21 and fixed on the upper end element 20a. Optionally, the method comprises the further step of additionally fixing 250 the lowest facade element 10 via a further fixing unit 6, with which the lower end element 20b of the lowest facade element 10 is connected to the wall 60, wherein the further fixing unit 6 is designed such that it is not suitable for supporting the facade element 10.

[0065] During fastening 220, at least two fastening systems 1 can be used symmetrically, one each in the respective area of ​​the two upper corners 10e of the facade element 10. During hanging 230 of the facade element 10, its recess 31 may not completely cover the support surface 21a, so that at least around the fastening system 1, a gap S remains between the facade element 10 and the wall 60 of the building 50 in order to compensate for unevenness of the wall 60. Furthermore, during hanging 230 of the next facade element 10, this can also be inserted into a tongue and groove structure 34 of the underlying facade element 10. During hanging 230, vertical differences between fastening systems 1 mounted next to one another can also be compensated for by placing an additional support cushion on the support surface 21a of a fastening system 1 that is positioned too low and placing the facade element on this support cushion.Thanks to the rail 3, sufficient vertical clearance is provided for the opposing fixation of the facade element 10 by means of the fixation element 4, allowing for horizontal adjustment of the suspension of the facade element 10, for example, using the support cushions. The method 200 can comprise the further steps of determining 210 a position of a floor slab 70 of the building 50; and fastening 220 the fastening systems 1 in the floor slab 70 of the building 50.

[0066] Furthermore, the method 200 can include the further step of forming 260 a facade 100 according to the invention, which comprises a plurality of superimposed rows R1, R2 of facade elements 10, with a first row R1 as the bottom row and at least one second row R2 placed on the facade elements 10 of the first row R1. During the suspension 230 of the facade element 10 of at least the second row, it can be inserted into a tongue and groove structure 34 of the underlying facade element 10 of the first row.In this case, the method can comprise the further step of fixing 270 the facade element 10 of the at least second row R2 only with a second fixing unit 7 on the upper end element 20a of the facade element 10 of the at least second row R2 on the building 50 and optionally the further step of increasing a number of fixing elements 1 used per facade element 10 of the first row R1 with the number of further rows of facade elements 10 placed on the second row R2.

[0067] The position of the concrete sections in the building wall, especially the position of the floor slabs, is not easily identifiable due to applied plaster or insulation in the original building wall. In this case, the building wall may have to be partially opened. In some cases, the position of the floor slabs can be determined using a 3D scan of the building. List of reference symbols

[0068] 1 Fastening system according to the invention 2 Mounting element 21 Support element (or retaining leg) of the mounting element 21a Support surface of the mounting element 21b The side of the support element opposite the support surface 22 Mounting leg of the mounting element 23 Hole system of the mounting element 23 1 Holes of the hole system 24 Fastening element(s) 3 Guide 3 a Side of the guide facing the wall 4 Fixing element 41 Guide leg of the fixing element 42 Fixing leg of the fixing element 44 Fixing means 5 Sealing element 6 First fixing unit 61 Mounting plate of the fixing unit 62 Rail 63 Fixing bracket 64 Fixing means 7 Second fixing unit 10Facade element according to the invention 10aFirst side of the facade element 10bSecond side of the facade element 10cThe side of the facade element facing the building 10dThe side of the facade element facing away from the building 10eUpper corner of the facade element 20aUpper end element 20bLower end element 20pFlat area of ​​the upper end element 30Facade body 31Recess 32First insulation material for thermal insulation of the building 33Second insulation material 34Tongue and groove structure 40Recess through the facade element 50Building 60Building wall 70Concrete section, preferably the building's floor 75Basement ceiling 80Ground 90Surroundings of the building 100Facade made of one or more facade elements according to the invention 200 Method for the suspended fastening of a facade element in front of a building 210 Determining a position of a floor of the building 220 Fastening fastening systems for each facade element to be suspended to the building 230 Suspending the respective facade element on the support surface of the fastening system 240 Fixing the suspended facade element by means of fixing elements 250 Additional fixing of the lowest facade element via a further fixing unit 260 Forming a facade from a plurality of superimposed rows of facade elements 270 Fixing the facade element (10) of at least the second row (R2) to the building 280 Increasing a number of fixing elements used per facade element of the first row BM Width of the support surface HR horizontal direction R1 first row of at least one facade element R2 second row of at least one facade element SS gap between building and facade element SP center of gravity of the facade element VR vertical direction

Claims

1. A fastening system (1) for the suspended fastening of a facade element (10) in front of a building (50), comprising: - a mounting element (2) for fastening to the building (50) with a flat support element (21) with a support surface (21a) suitable for the suspended support of the facade element (10) on this support surface (21a) with the center of gravity (SP) of the facade element (10) below the support element (21);- a guide (3) arranged on the mounting element (2) for receiving a fixing element (4), the guide (3) being designed such that the fixing element (4) is displaceable in the vertical direction (VR) relative to the support surface (21a) in the guide (3), the fixing element (4) being designed such that horizontal positional securing is enabled, preferably the fixing element (4) is designed such that horizontal positional securing is enabled by fixing the facade element (10) opposite the support surface (21a) of the mounting element (2), particularly preferably the support surface (21a), which is intended to be in contact with the facade element (10) in the mounted state, is a completely flat support surface (21a).

2. The fastening system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that- the guide (3) is closed on the side (3a) facing the building (50), so that the fixing element (4) can be moved vertically on the closed side (3a) of the guide (3), and / or - the guide (3) comprises locking elements which prevent the fixing element (4) from being lifted vertically after the fixing element (4) has been positioned in the guide (3) and on the hanging facade element (10).

3. The fastening system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that- the guide (3) is non-detachably connected to the mounting element (2), preferably in a central position above the support surface (21a) as seen in the horizontal direction (HR) along the support surface (21a), and / or - the guide (3) is arranged above the support surface (21a) on an area of the mounting element (2) which is not intended to support the facade element (10), this area of the mounting element (2) preferably rests at least partially against the building (50), and / or - the guide (3) is designed and arranged on the mounting element (2) in such a way that the fixing element (4) cannot leave the guide (3) in the direction of the support surface (21a).

4. The fastening system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe support element (2) comprises a sealing element (5) at least on the support surface (21a), preferably also on a side opposite (21b) to the support surface (21a), which sealing element extends over the entire width (BM) of the support surface (21a), the sealing element (5) is preferably designed such that it provides a slip-off protection for the suspended facade element (10) against the facade element (10) slipping off the support surface (21a) during assembly of the facade element (10).

5. The fastening system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that- the mounting element (2) comprises a hole system (23) for the passage of fastening elements (24) for fastening to the building (50), preferably the hole system (23) comprises at least two holes (231), particularly preferably the holes (231) are arranged symmetrically relative to the support surface (21a), and / or - the mounting element (2) is designed as an angle, preferably a rectangular angle, with a mounting leg (22) for fastening to the building (50) and a holding leg (21) as the support element (21), and / or - the fixing element (4) is designed as a suitable angle, preferably a right angle, with a guide leg (41) for insertion into the guide (3) and a fixing leg (42) for supporting and fixing on the facade element (10),Preferably, the fixing leg (42) comprises a hole system for passing through fixing means (44) for producing a fixed connection to the facade element (10) acting at least parallel to the support surface (21a).

6. The fastening system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe fastening system (1) further comprises a first fixing unit (6) which is provided for additional fixing (250) of the facade element (10) by connecting the first fixing unit (6) both to the building (50) and to a lower end element (20b) of the facade element (10), wherein the first fixing unit (6) is designed such that it is not suitable for supporting the facade element (10), wherein the fixing unit (6) comprises a mounting plate (61) with a downwardly open rail (62) arranged thereon for fixing to the building (50) and a fixing bracket (63), wherein the fixing unit (6) is designed such that the fixing bracket (63) can be pushed from below in the vertical direction (VR) into the rail (62) against the lower end element (20b) of the facade element (10) for connecting them by means of suitable fixing means (64), wherein the rail (62) is designed sothat it fixes the fixing angle (63) in the direction (HR) perpendicular to the rail (62).

7. A facade element (10) for hanging fastening in front of a building (50), comprising: - an upper closing element (20a) which, when the facade element (10) is in the hanging position, closes the facade element (10) on a first side (10a) above a center of gravity (SP); - a lower closing element (20b) for closing the facade element (10) on the second side (10b) of the facade element (10) opposite the upper closing element (20a), wherein the lower closing element (20b) faces the ground (80) when the facade element (10) is in the hanging position; - a facade body (30) arranged between the upper and lower closing elements (20a, 20b) for covering the building (50) from an environment (90) of the building (60);and - a recess (31) between the upper end element (20a) and the facade body (30) on a side (10c) of the facade element (10) facing the building (50) for receiving a support surface (21a) of a mounting element (2) of a fastening system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the facade element (10) is designed such that the upper end element (20) rests on the support surface (21a) of the mounting element (2) in the region of the recess (31). The facade body (30) preferably comprises one or more recesses (40) passing through the facade body (30) which are provided as window openings. On the side (10c) of the facade element facing the building (50), a fire-retardant, preferably fire-resistant, material is arranged in the region around the recesses (40).

8. The facade element (10) according to claim 7, characterized in thatthe facade body (30) comprises a first insulating material (32) for thermally insulating the building (50) from its surroundings (90), preferably the recess (31) is surrounded at least on the side (10d) of the recess (31) facing away from the building (50) by a second insulating material (33) which has a stronger insulating effect than the first insulating material (32), preferably the entire area of the recess (31) facing the facade body (30) is surrounded by the second insulating material (33).

9. The facade element (10) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in thatthe facade element (10) comprises on the first side (10a) as the outer side of the upper end element (20a) a tongue and groove structure (34) which is intended to engage in a corresponding tongue and groove structure (34) of a further facade element (10) to be arranged thereon, preferably the facade element (10) comprises this tongue and groove structure (34) on both the upper end element (20a) and the lower end element (20b), preferably the upper end element (20a) comprises a flat area (20p) which is intended to be supported by a fixing element (4) of the fastening system (1), wherein the tongue and groove structure (34) is particularly preferably interrupted in the flat area (20p) for upper and lower end elements (20a, 20b).

10. A facade (100) mounted on a building comprising one or more facade elements (10) according to one of claims 7 to 9, each of which is mounted on the building (50) with two or more fastening systems (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6.

11. The facade (100) according to claim 10, characterized in thatthe facade (100) comprises a plurality of these facade elements (10) which are connected to one another via a tongue and groove structure (34). Preferably, the facade (100) comprises a first row (R1) of one or more facade elements (10) and at least one second row of correspondingly one or more facade elements (10). The facade elements (10) of the first row are each mounted on the building (50) with the two or more fastening systems (1). The facade elements (10) of the at least second row are placed on the facade elements (10) of the first row and are connected to one another via the tongue and groove structure (34). The second row of facade elements (10) is fixed to the building (50) only with a second fixing unit (7) on the upper end element (20a) of the facade element (10) for securing its position. The number of fixing systems (1) is particularly preferably increased.which are used per facade element (10) of the first row (R1), with the number of further rows of facade elements (10) placed on the second row (R2)., 12. A method (200) for the suspended fastening of at least one facade element (10) according to one of claims 7 to 9 to a building (50) by means of a fastening system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps: - fastening (220) the fastening systems (1) for the facade element (1) to be suspended to the building (50) with respective support surfaces (21a) for the facade element (10) to be suspended with a suitable number of fastening elements (24), preferably at least two fastening elements (24); - hanging (230) the respective facade element (10) with its upper end element (20a) in respective recesses (31) on the support surface (21a) of the fastening system (1);and - fixing (240) the suspended facade element (10) by means of fixing elements (4) of the fixing system (1), which are inserted into a guide (3) on the mounting element (2) of the fixing system (21) and fixed on the upper end element (20a); 13. The method (200) according to claim 12, wherein - during fastening (220) at least two fastening systems (1) are used symmetrically, one each in the respective area of both upper corners (10e) of the facade element (10), and / or - during hanging (230) of the facade element (10) its recess (31) does not completely cover the support surface (21a), so that at least around the fastening system (1) a gap (S) remains between the facade element (10) and the building (50) in order to compensate for unevenness of the building (50).

14. The method (200) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the method comprises the further step of additionally fixing (250) the facade element (10) via a further fixing unit (6), with which the lower end element (20b) of the facade element (10) is connected to the building (50), wherein the further fixing unit (6) is designed such that it is not suitable for supporting the facade element (10), and / or the further steps: - determining (210) a position of a floor (70) of the building (50); and - fixing (220) the fixing systems (1) in the floor (70) of the building (50).

15. The method (200) according to one of claims 12 to 14, comprising the further step of forming (260) a facade (100) according to one of claims 23 to 26, which comprises a plurality of superimposed rows (R1, R2) of facade elements (10) with a first row (R1) as the lowest row and at least one second row (R2) superimposed on the facade elements (10) of the first row (R1), wherein preferably during the suspension (230) of the facade element (10) of the at least second row, said facade element is inserted into a tongue and groove structure (34) of the underlying facade element (10) of the first row, wherein particularly preferably the method additionally comprises - the further step of fixing (270) the facade element (10) of the at least second row (R2) only with a second fixing unit (7) on the upper end element (20a) of the facade element (10) of the at least second row (R2) on the building (50),and / or - the further step of increasing (280) a number of fastening elements (1) used per facade element (10) of the first row (R1) with the number of further rows of facade elements (10) placed on the second row (R2).

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