Drilling unit and method for producing a foundation in soil and / or a foundation under water

Abstract

The invention relates to a drilling unit for producing a foundation in soil and / or a foundation under water, wherein the drilling unit has a drive unit and a cutting ring (6), wherein the cutting ring (6) is mounted rotatably on the drilling unit and can be driven by means of the drive unit, wherein the drilling unit is configured in such a manner that it can be arranged and can be fastened releasably at a bored pile end, which in particular faces the soil, for the, preferably vertical, sinking in the soil. The invention furthermore relates to an apparatus having such a drilling unit, to a cutting ring (6) and to a method for producing a foundation in soil and / or a foundation under water.

Description

Drilling unit and method for creating a foundation in soil and / or a foundation underwater Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a drilling unit for creating a foundation in the ground as well as a foundation in the ground underwater. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding method, a device with such a drilling unit, and a cutting ring of such a drilling unit. State of the art

[0002] When constructing structures of various types and purposes, anchoring to the ground at the installation site is generally required to ensure safe operation throughout the structure's intended lifespan. This connection is achieved by constructing a foundation at the installation location.

[0003] Pile foundations are often used as a suitable foundation method. In this method, steel or concrete piles are first driven into the ground and then firmly anchored to it. Such pile foundations can consist of one or more piles to which the subsequent structure is anchored. The diameter and length of these piles depend on the structural requirements and the specific geological conditions at the installation site. Pile foundations are used both on land and at sea. On land, the diameters are often just a few decimeters, while offshore piles are often over 3 meters long with embedment lengths exceeding 10 meters. Similar piles are used in the construction of shafts. In this application as well, the pile generally remains in the ground after installation.

[0004] A common method for installing piles for foundations and shafts in unconsolidated rock is the so-called pile driving method. On land, these can be sheet piles or pipes, while in marine environments they are mainly hollow components such as round or square pipes. This is a fast and cost-effective method, but it is highly damaging to the environment, especially to fauna. This construction method is disruptive (high-pressure noise emissions). The pile driving work ends as soon as the geological formation contains not only unconsolidated rock, but also boulders, hard rock beds, or solid hard rock.

[0005] Alternatively, piles can be installed in the ground using drilling methods. Often, the piles are inserted into the borehole only after it has been completed, either as precast piles or as reinforced n-situ concrete. With precast piles, the so-called annular space between the pile and the borehole walls is grouted with a suitable grout. This creates a positive connection between the bored pile and the borehole. In one variation of this method, drilling is carried out using a hollow pile that follows the drill face downwards in the base of the borehole. The drilling instrument is located in or around the hollow pile and can be retrieved after the drilling process is complete. Document DE 10 2013 012 279 A1 describes a method for creating a foundation in the ground using a hollow pile. Document DE 101 17 111 A1 describes an alternative method for creating a foundation in the ground, whereby foundation bodies are placed in ring-shaped foundation trenches.

[0006] The established drilling methods typically allow for foundations in harder soils or soils containing larger boulders such as stones and rocks. Compared to the established pile-driving method, these drilling methods offer significant ecological and geological advantages, but are generally much more time-consuming and expensive. Regarding the invention

[0007] It is an object of the present invention to provide devices and methods for the improved creation of a foundation in the ground, which is in particular environmentally friendly, safe, fast and cost-efficient.

[0008] The technical problem is solved by a device according to the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are claimed in the dependent claims. A first aspect of the invention relates to a drilling unit for creating a foundation in soil and / or a foundation underwater, wherein the drilling unit comprises a drive unit and a cutting ring, wherein the cutting ring is rotatably mounted on the drilling unit and can be driven by means of the drive unit, wherein the drilling unit is arranged in such a way that it can be detachably arranged and fastened to an end, in particular one facing the soil, of a bored pile for, preferably vertical, sinking into the soil. A second aspect of the invention relates to a device for creating a foundation in the ground 2 and / or a foundation underwater, with a bored pile and a drilling unit.

[0009] The device according to the invention is a bored pile comprising a clamping area, a drilling unit, a feed and conveying line, a cutting ring and a bearing for the cutting ring.

[0010] The clamping area is designed to allow both the axial forces (compressive and tensile forces) required for drilling to be introduced into the bored pile and the torques generated during installation to be absorbed by the clamping device. The clamping area is preferably located in the upper third of the bored pile, but at least in the portion of the pile that is not intended to be driven into the ground. The clamping area can be located on the inside, the outside, or both of the bored pile. The clamping action is preferably generated by friction, but with appropriate design, it can also be achieved by positive locking or a combination of these two force transmission methods.

[0011] The drive unit is powered by at least one motor / gearbox unit whose torque is transmitted to the cutting ring via a toothed connection. The drive unit is located above the bearing and can be positioned in the inner or outer area of ​​the bored pile. During the sinking process, the drive unit is anchored to the bored pile by positive and / or non-positive locking to transmit the torque from the drive unit through the bored pile to the clamping area. The drive unit should have a diameter as small as possible. The cutting ring has a ring-shaped cut diameter. The cutting ring is designed so that the resulting ring-shaped cut is large enough to prevent the bored pile from jamming during the sinking process. The drive unit is equipped with at least one drive pinion, which engages with a toothed ring on the cutting ring and thereby transmits the torque required for the cutting process from the motor / gearbox unit. The cutting ring is supported at the lower end of the drive unit by means of bearings and sealed against the drive unit by means of seals.

[0012] The feed line serves to transport the drilling fluid required for the drilling process to the cutting ring. For this purpose, the feed line is located in the outer or inner area of ​​the annular excavation. The feed line is hollow inside, allowing the drilling fluid to be pumped through it from the flushing pump to its lower end. The feed line is fixed to the drive unit and generally has a smaller diameter than the delivery line. The delivery line is preferably located inside the bored pile, as close as possible to the pile wall. At least one feed line and one delivery line should be installed around the circumference of the bored pile. However, to ensure complete removal of the excavated material, it will be advisable to install several feed lines and delivery lines.Since the feed line is stationary in an advantageous design (not rotating), its attachment to the drive unit can be robust. The feed line can also be recovered and reused when the drive unit is salvaged. The conveying line can either also be recovered or remain in the annular excavation area to serve for pumping the grout.

[0013] A third aspect of the invention relates to a cutting ring for creating a foundation in the ground and / or a foundation under water for use with a device having a drilling unit and / or a drilling unit, wherein the cutting ring has hinged partial segments which are preferably designed as ring segments. A cutting ring according to the invention is preferably an annular body equipped with cutting tools. More preferably, the cutting ring has a U-shaped cross-section. In contrast to a cutting disc, which processes the entire cross-section below the bored pile, the cutting ring preferably removes only a smaller portion of the cross-section. At its upper end At the end, the cutting ring is preferably mounted and sealed directly in the drive unit by means of a flange. This allows the axial forces generated by the feed device for the insertion process to be transmitted via the bored pile and the drive unit to the cutting ring. A toothed ring is preferably mounted on this flange of the cutting ring within the drive unit. The drive pinion of the motor / gearbox unit is also preferably positioned in this housing. Through-openings are preferably provided around the circumference of the cutting ring to direct the conveyed medium to the bottom. The cutting tools required for the penetration process are also preferably mounted on the underside of the cutting ring. These cutting tools are preferably used to loosen the soil below the cutting ring.For this purpose, the drive unit is preferably attached to the bored pile in such a way that an activatable locking unit and / or a positive locking connection is ensured.

[0014] A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method for creating a foundation in soil, wherein, for the insertion of a bored pile into soil, a drilling unit is subjected to an axial force by at least one feed device via at least one fixing device, wherein a cutting ring located at the lower end of the bored pile is set in rotation by means of a drive unit which is arranged on an inside or outside of the bored pile and produces an annular cut 8, wherein a drilling fluid is pumped into the cutting area of ​​the cutting ring via at least one feed line and / or a high-pressure feed line, and wherein the drilling fluid together with a spoil loosened by means of the cutting ring is conveyed to the surface by means of a conveying line.

[0015] The bored pile is installed in the ground by applying axial forces to it via a feed unit and a clamping mechanism. These forces primarily serve as the pressure forces required for the installation or drilling process. However, if, for example, the pile's own weight generates a vertical force that exceeds the necessary pressure force and the buoyancy of the entire unit, the feed unit can also apply axial forces in the opposite direction (tensile forces). Additionally, the feed unit is designed to absorb and dissipate the torques generated during the installation process, again via the clamping mechanism. For this purpose, the feed unit is anchored in a base platform.

[0016] Simultaneously with the application of the feed forces, the cutting ring is set into rotation to loosen the soil beneath the bored pile. For this purpose, the cutting ring is driven by a motor / gearbox unit via a drive shaft. The direction of rotation can be clockwise, counterclockwise, or alternating in both directions.

[0017] A feed pump delivers drilling fluid to the cutting ring, where it mixes with the soil loosened by the cutting wheel and flows past the cutting ring through the delivery lines on the inside or outside of the bored pile to the surface. There, the drilling fluid and loosened soil can be disposed of or collected, processed, and reused. The drilling fluid enters the excavation area from the opening of the feed line directly above the cutting ring. From there, it flows along the underside of the cutting ring, where the soil in the annular cavity is worked and loosened by the cutting tools. The pumping process creates a constant, slight overpressure within the annular cavity of the cutting ring, preventing it from collapsing.

[0018] Due to the combination of mechanical and hydraulic loosening action by cutting tools and drilling fluid at the cutting ring, not only loose soils such as clay and sand, but also hard soil types or individual soil obstacles such as stones or boulders can be overcome in the described manner. The material flow can be improved by using a high-pressure feed line with high-pressure nozzles to accelerate soil loosening and prevent clogging in the excavation area in cohesive soils. The drilling fluid, including the loosened soil, can be conveyed to the surface through the delivery line using centrifugal or Venturi pumps, a combination thereof, or an airlift system.

[0019] The sealing area between the rotating cutting ring and the drive unit prevents the conveyed material from entering the drive unit so that the drive pinion and the toothed ring also located there do not come into contact with the ground.

[0020] Once the bored pile has reached its intended depth in the ground, the installation process is complete; that is, the rotation of the cutting ring is stopped, as is the application of axial force (drilling pressure) to the bored pile. The drilling unit can then be pulled upwards using a traction device on the circumference of the drive unit. The area of ​​the cutting ring below the bored pile is then... and / or folded outwards to allow space for retrieving the drilling unit. Rotating cutting ring components are provided for this purpose; these are fixed during the drilling process and can be unlocked and swung into place when retrieving the drive unit by shearing shear bolts or using a hydraulic release mechanism. The feed device then holds the bored pile in the achieved position until it is secured in the ground.

[0021] For the fixing process, a fixing material is pumped through the delivery line by the flushing pump instead of drilling fluid. This fixing material can be, for example, a so-called grout, which hardens after a specific residence time. The fixing material is pumped by the feed pump through the delivery line into the annular space until it reappears at the surface (or on the seabed). At this point, the annular space is completely filled with fixing material, or the bored pile is completely surrounded by it, and after the fixing material has hardened, it is firmly embedded in the ground. The bored pile can then be connected to a structure via the section protruding from the ground and used as a foundation.

[0022] Finally, the feed device and the flushing pumps are disconnected from the bored pile or the delivery line and can be used for the next pile installation. To reduce potential frictional forces on the outside and inside of the bored pile, the feed device can also be designed to oscillate the bored pile by small angles (e.g., 30°) to the left and right during the installation process. The necessary forces or torques for this can also be transmitted to the bored pile via the clamping device.

[0023] Furthermore, it is possible to provide so-called lubrication stations on the inside and / or outside of the bored pile, as used in microtunneling or pipe jacking. This can significantly reduce the friction between the soil and the bored pile, making a particularly small and cost-effective launching device possible.

[0024] Under certain geological conditions (e.g., very few cohesive components in the soil matrix), the device according to the invention can be designed such that the annular space on the inside or outside of the bored pile is reduced to a minimum. This would lubricate this area with the small amount of drilling fluid still entering it (and thus significantly reduce friction), while the area would be further protected from the impact of the drilling fluid. However, soil loosened by the cutting ring would primarily be conveyed through the conveying line around the circumference of the bored pile. An advantage of this design would be that the soil surrounding the bored pile would be stabilized and protected against unintentional erosion by the drilling fluid. Advantages of the invention

[0025] The advantages of the present invention lie particularly in the aspects of ecology and economy (minimal noise emissions during construction, minimal soil replacement / excavation required), safety and risk (effective handling of soil obstacles, reduced execution risk for offshore applications due to short residence times, weather), technology (optimal integration of the structure into the ground) and costs (high working speed due to only ring-shaped removal of the geology with short residence times and reduction of the grout material) as well as lower drive power of the units due to the ring cut instead of the full cut for the foundation of the pile. In an advantageous embodiment, the drilling unit has at least one motor / gearbox unit that is attached to the drive unit. This allows the required torque to be introduced into the drive unit without losses or additional components. In a further advantageous embodiment, the drilling unit comprises a feed line and / or a high-pressure feed line, which is attached to the drilling unit and / or can be attached to the bored pile and is / are configured such that drilling fluid can be introduced into a working area in order to transport material removed from the ground by the cutting ring to a soil surface or a water surface. This configuration enables the targeted control of the overpressure in the working area of ​​the cutting ring. In a further advantageous embodiment, the drilling unit and / or the drive unit has a locking mechanism by means of which the drilling unit and / or the drive unit can be detachably attached to the bored pile in order to ensure multiple uses of the drilling unit and thus a cost-effective solution. In a further advantageous embodiment, the drilling unit has a traction element, in particular a traction cable, which is arranged in such a way that the drilling unit and / or the drive unit can be recovered to the surface after releasing the locking mechanism, in order to ensure multiple uses of the drilling unit and thus a cost-effective solution. In a further advantageous embodiment, the drilling unit has seals by means of which the bearing of the cutting ring is sealed to the outside in order to enable permanent use of the drive unit without massive wear. In an advantageous embodiment of the device, the drilling unit is arranged at one end of a bored pile, in particular the end facing the ground, thereby enabling the targeted application of the load to the drilling unit / drive unit. In a further advantageous embodiment of the device, the drive unit is arranged on an inside side of the bored pile to enable a minimal bore cross-section of the ring section. In an advantageous embodiment of the cutting ring, the sub-segments are fixed to the cutting ring with retaining bolts and shear bolts, thereby enabling the efficient and cost-effective recovery of the drilling unit. In a further advantageous embodiment of the cutting ring, an end face of the cutting ring, which is facing away from an end face of the cutting ring provided with cutting tools, can be mounted in a bearing of the drive unit in order to enable permanently reliable and low-wear operation of the drive unit. In a further advantageous embodiment, the cutting ring is designed such that its outer and / or inner diameter can be reduced for retrieving the drilling unit and / or a drive unit of the drilling unit, in particular by shearing off the shear bolts and folding the segments around the retaining bolts. This design allows the cutting ring to be reused multiple times with minimal effort for refurbishment, thus ensuring economical use of the drilling unit. In an advantageous embodiment of the method, to secure the bored pile, a fixing material is pumped into the excavation area through at least one conveying line after the intended depth in the ground has been reached, until the rising fixing material has completely filled the annular recess around the bored pile and / or a cavity within the bored pile. This allows for the targeted application of the fixing material to ensure full-surface embedding of the bored pile. In a further advantageous embodiment of the method, after the drilling of the bored pile, preferably before backfilling the annular cut, the drilling unit is used. by means of a lifting device via traction means to a surface of the ground or a water surface, whereby the inner and / or outer diameter of the drilling unit, in particular the cutting ring, is changed, thereby enabling the efficient and cost-effective recovery of the drilling unit. In a further advantageous embodiment of the method, the cutting ring has sub-segments which are fixed to the cutting ring by retaining bolts and shear bolts during the drilling process, whereby the shear bolts shear off when the drilling unit is retrieved and the sub-segments fold away around the retaining bolts. This embodiment of the method allows the cutting ring to be retrieved with minimal effort. In a further advantageous embodiment of the method, the drive unit is arranged on the inside of a cavity within a bored pile during the creation of the cut. After the drilling unit is retrieved, another bored pile, with a smaller diameter than the first, is inserted into the pile. This allows the drilling unit to be installed within the first bored pile to create a particularly deep borehole, a replacement borehole, and / or a very large diameter and / or heavy bored pile. This embodiment is particularly advantageous in challenging geological conditions to increase safety during pile installation. The features and advantages described above with regard to the first aspect of the invention also apply to the other aspects of the invention and vice versa. Character description

[0026] Further features and advantages will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments or embodiments with reference to the figures, the features shown there being of an exemplary nature.

[0027] The drawings show at least some schematic examples:

[0028] Fig. 1: Preferred embodiment of a device during the insertion process (section through the device).

[0029] Fig. 2: Detail of the device (vertical section through the drilling unit including the swiveling ring segments 6a inside and outside of the cutting ring area).

[0030] Fig. 3: Detail of the device (horizontal sections through the cutting ring area 6).

[0031] Fig. 4: Embodiment of a bored pile 30 for the production of particularly deep foundations / replacement foundations or particularly large foundations.

[0032] Fig. 5: Alternative embodiment of the device during the insertion process (section through the device).

[0033] Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the device in a schematic side / sectional view, in which a bored pile 1 is shown in a soil 2.

[0034] The bored pile 1 consists of a steel pipe with a wall thickness that is small compared to its diameter. The length of bored pile 1 is shown in a simplified form in this example. In practice, the length of the bored pile must be at least the depth it penetrates into the ground plus the length of the connection to the actual structure.

[0035] In the upper section of the bored pile 1, a feed device 4 is shown, which controls the sinking and thus the load transfer via the fixing device 3. These components are arranged so that they are located above the ground 2 at all times during the insertion and fixing process of the bored pile 1. The support of this component on the base platform is not shown.

[0036] The motor / gearbox unit 5 generates a torque that is transmitted to a cutting ring 6. The drive unit 7 is fixed at the lower end of the bored pile. The cutting surface of the cutting ring 6 forms an annular cut 8 in the ground 2 into which the bored pile 1 is sunk.

[0037] The contact force F for sinking and cutting the soil, together with the device's own weight, generates the contact force for the cutting ring 6. This force F can be positive (compressive force) or negative (tensile force). The cutting ring 6 is equipped with cutting tools 9 that create the ring-shaped excavation of the soil 2. The arrangement is designed so that the excavation work can be carried out even in hard soil or rock.

[0038] By means of the pulling devices 10, the drive unit 7 can be raised to the surface after completion of the sinking process. The pulling devices 10 are attached to the locking device 12 of the drive unit by means of a tab 11. By pulling on the pulling devices 10 after first releasing the locking device 12, the ring segment 6a of the cutting ring 6 is pressed against the bored pile tip 1a until an internal shear bolt 14 fails and the inner and / or outer ring segment 6a and 28 folds downwards around the retaining bolt 15.

[0039] The conveying line 16 inside the bored pile 1 transports the drill cuttings and the extracted material to the surface. The cleaned extracted material is transported back into the mining chamber 18 via the feed line 17. The feed line 17 is preferably attached to a traction element 10.

[0040] Fig. 2 shows a vertical section through the cutting ring area and the drive unit 7 of the device. It can be seen that the drive unit 7 is attached to the bored pile 1 during the sinking process by means of the positive-locking connection 19 and the locking device 12 with the locking bolt 20.

[0041] Rotation of the motor / gearbox unit 5 transmits power to the drive pinion 21 and the teeth in the gear ring 22 in the bearing 23, causing the cutting ring 6 to rotate. The seals 24 seal the rotating part of the cutting ring 6 against the stationary housing of the drive unit 7. This rotation causes the cutting tools 9 to begin the excavation process at ground level 2 until the final depth is reached.

[0042] The drilling fluid is conveyed to the mining area 18 via the feed line 17 and, together with the drill cuttings, is transported to the surface via the feed / feed high-pressure line 17,29 and conveyed to the surface via the delivery line 16.

[0043] The section of the cutting ring 6 shows the retaining bolts 15 and shear bolts 14 of the inner and outer ring segments 28, 6a. As described, this allows the remaining diameter of the cutting ring 6 to be reduced after completion of the sinking process in order to retrieve the drive unit 7. Connection to the recovery of the drive unit 7, the fixing material described above can be introduced, for example, through the conveying line 16, in order to permanently anchor the bored pile 1 in the ring-shaped cut 8. As an alternative to shearing off the shear bolt 14, an activatable fixing of the ring segment 6a, 28 to the cutting ring 6 can be provided. For this purpose, a rotary feedthrough 27 is attached to the lower end of the drive unit 7, which can transmit hydraulic fluid, sensor data or electrical signals from the stationary to the rotating part of the drilling unit 13.

[0044] Fig. 3 shows a top view of the cutting ring 6 as half of the entire cutting ring 6. The bored pile 1 with the tip 1a and the attached conveying lines 16 are shown in the visible areas. The ring segment 6a, 28 of the cutting ring 6 is a circular segment which is fixed during sinking by means of shear bolts 14 and retaining bolts 15.

[0045] When recovering the drive unit 7, the shear bolts 14 are destroyed or retracted as described above, and the outer and / or inner ring segment 6a and 28 can fold down on the fastening tabs 25 to reduce the diameter of the cutting ring 6 so that it is possible to recover the entire drive unit 7 to the surface.

[0046] The design of the ring segment 6a is preferably such that the drill cuttings are transported along the lateral flanks 26 of this component together with the conveyed material in the direction of the conveying line 16. The rotation of the cutting ring can be clockwise and counterclockwise so that both lateral flanks 26 of the inner and outer segments of the ring segment 6a and 28 enable this material transport.

[0047] Fig. 4 shows a vertical section through the cutting ring area and the drive unit 7 of the device. It can be seen that, after being retrieved from the bored pile 1, the drilling unit 13 is secured to the bored pile 30, which has a smaller diameter than the bored pile 1, by the locking bolts 20 during the further sinking process. A new ring segment 6b was attached to the cutting ring 6 to allow the drilling process to continue after being lowered into the bored pile 1. This enables particularly deep foundations / replacement piles or piles with a very large diameter to be sunk in several stages as so-called telescopic piles.

[0048] Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the device during the installation process (side / section view) in which a bored pile 1 is shown in a soil 2.

[0049] In the upper section of the bored pile 1, a feed device 4 is shown, which controls the sinking and thus the load transfer via the fixing device 3. These components are arranged so that they are located above the ground 2 at all times during the insertion and fixing process of the bored pile 1. The support of this component on the base platform is not shown.

[0050] The motor / gearbox unit 5 of the drive unit 7, which is located outside the bored pile 1, generates a torque that is transmitted to a cutting ring 6. The drive unit 7 is fixed at the lower end of the bored pile. The cutting surface of the cutting ring 6 forms an annular cut 8 in the ground 2 into which the bored pile 1 is sunk.

[0051] The contact force F for sinking and cutting the bottom, together with the device's own weight, generates the contact force for the cutting ring 6. The force can F can assume a positive value (compressive force) or a negative value (tensile force). The cutting ring 6 is equipped with cutting tools 9 that create the ring-shaped excavation of the soil 2. The arrangement is chosen so that the excavation work can also be carried out in hard soil or rock.

[0052] By means of the pulling devices 10, the drive unit 7 can be raised to the surface after completion of the sinking process. The pulling devices 10 are attached to the locking device 12 of the drive unit by means of a tab 11. By pulling on the pulling devices 10 after first releasing the locking device 12, the ring segment 6a of the cutting ring 6 is pressed against the bored pile tip 1a until an internal shear bolt 14 fails and the inner and / or outer ring segment 6a and 28 folds downwards around the retaining bolt 15.

[0053] The conveying line 16 inside the bored pile 1 transports the drill cuttings and the extracted material to the surface. The cleaned extracted material is transported back into the excavation chamber 18 via the feed line 17. The feed line 17 is preferably attached to a tension member 10 outside the bored pile. It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to restrict the scope of protection, applications, or structure in any way. Rather, the preceding description provides the person skilled in the art with a guideline for implementing at least one exemplary embodiment, whereby various modifications, particularly with regard to the function and arrangement of the described components, can be made without departing from the scope of protection as defined by the claims and these equivalent combinations of features. List of reference symbols: 1 bored pile 1a Tip of the bored pile 2 floors 3 Fixing device 4 feed devices 5 Motor / transmission unit 6 cutting rings 6a and 6b ring segment of the cutting ring 7 Drive unit 8 Ring-shaped incision 9 cutting tools 10 traction devices 11 tab 12 Locking mechanism 13 drilling unit 14 shear bolts 15 retaining bolts 16 Conveyor line 17 Food supply 18 Mining area 19 positive locking connection 20 locking bolts 21 sprockets 22 gear ring 23 Storage 24 seals 25 Mounting tab 26 lateral flank 27 Rotary feedthrough 28 inner ring segment of the cutting ring 29 High-pressure feed line 30 telescopic bored piles

Claims

Patent claims 1) Drilling unit (13) for creating a foundation or shaft in soil (2) and / or a foundation or shaft underwater, wherein the drilling unit (13) comprises a drive unit (7) and a cutting ring (6), wherein the cutting ring (6) is rotatably mounted on the drilling unit (13) and can be driven by means of the drive unit (7), wherein the drilling unit (13) is arranged in such a way that it can be detachably arranged and fastened to an end, in particular facing the soil (2), of a bored pile (1) for sinking, preferably vertically, into the soil (2). 2) Drilling unit (13) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the drilling unit (13) has at least one motor / gearbox unit (5) which is attached to the drive unit (7). 3) Drilling unit (13) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drilling unit (13) has a feed line (17) and / or a high-pressure feed line (29) which is attached to the drilling unit (13) and / or can be attached to the bored pile (1) and is or are arranged in such a way that drilling fluid can be introduced into a mining area (18) in order to transport cuttings removed by the cutting ring (6) in the ground (2) to a surface of the ground (2) or a water surface. 4) Drilling unit (13) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drilling unit (13) and / or the drive unit (7) has a locking device (12) by means of which the drilling unit (13) and / or the drive unit (7) can be detachably attached to the bored pile (1). 5) Drilling unit (13) according to claim 4, characterized in that the drilling unit (13) has a pulling means (10), in particular a pulling rope, which are arranged in such a way that the drilling unit (13) and / or the drive unit (7) can be recovered to the surface after releasing the locking mechanism (12). 6) Drilling unit (13) according to one of claims 1 to 5, which further comprises a conveying line (16) to convey a drilling fluid together with a waste rock loosened by means of the cutting ring to the surface. 7) Device for creating a foundation or shaft in the ground (2) and / or a foundation or shaft underwater, comprising a bored pile (1) and a drilling unit (13) according to any of the preceding claims. 8) Cutting ring (6) for creating a foundation or shaft in the ground (2) and / or a foundation or shaft underwater for use with a device and / or a drilling unit (13) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting ring (6) has hinged partial segments (6a, 28) which are preferably designed as ring segments. 9) Cutting ring (6) according to claim 8 characterized in that the partial segments (6a, 28) are fixed to the cutting ring (6) by means of retaining bolts (15) and shear bolts (14). 10) Cutting ring according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the cutting ring (6) is designed in such a way that its outer diameter and / or inner diameter can be reduced for the purpose of retrieving the drilling unit (13) and / or a drive unit (7) of the drilling unit (13), in particular by shearing off the shear bolts or hydraulically unlocking the shear bolts and folding over the partial segments (6a, 28). 11) Use of the drilling unit (13) and / or the device and / or the cutting ring according to one of the preceding claims in a sinking operation for a bored pile (1), characterized in that a motor / gearbox unit (5) of the drive unit (7) operates underwater during the sinking operation. 12) Method for constructing a foundation or shaft in a soil (2), wherein a drilling unit is used to insert a bored pile (1) into a soil (2). (13), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 6, is subjected to an axial force by at least one feed device (4) via at least one fixing device (3), wherein a cutting ring (6) located at the lower end of the bored pile (1) is set in rotation by means of a drive unit (7) which is arranged on an inside or outside of the bored pile (1) and produces an annular cut (8), wherein a drilling fluid is pumped into the excavation area (18) of the cutting ring (6) via at least one feed line (17) and / or a high-pressure feed line (29), and wherein the drilling fluid together with a waste rock loosened by means of the cutting ring (6) is conveyed to the surface by means of a conveying line (16).A method according to claim 12, characterized in that, to fix the bored pile (1) after reaching the intended depth in the ground (2), a fixing material is pumped into the excavation area (18) through the at least one conveying line (16) until the rising fixing material has filled the annular recess (8) around the bored pile (1) and / or in a cavity of the bored pile (1). A method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, after sinking the bored pile (1), preferably before filling the annular recess (8), the drilling unit (13) can be retrieved to a surface of the ground (2) or a water surface by means of a lifting device via traction elements (10), whereby the inner and / or outer diameter of the drilling unit (13), in particular of the cutting ring (6), is changed.A method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the cutting ring (6) has sub-segments (6a, 28) which, as long as the drilling process is taking place, are fixed to the cutting ring (6) by retaining bolts (15) and shear bolts (14), wherein the shear bolts (14) shear off or are unlocked when the drilling unit (13) is retrieved and the sub-segments (6a, 28) fold away around the retaining bolts (15). A method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the drive unit (7) is arranged on the inside of a cavity of a respective bored pile (1, 30) during the creation of the cut (8). wherein, after retrieving the drilling unit (13), a further bored pile (30), in particular a telescopic bored pile, whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the bored pile (1), is inserted into the bored pile (1) in such a way that the drilling unit (13) can be installed in the further bored pile (30) in order to drill a particularly deep borehole, a replacement borehole and / or a bored pile of very large diameter and / or weight.

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