System and method for supplying energy and / or material to at least one consumer

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and a method for supplying energy and / or materials to at least one consumer by means of at least one working fluid with at least one heat source and / or material source, at least one storage system, at least one compressor, at least one heat sink and / or material sink (consumer), wherein the storage system is a combination of at least one steam / liquid storage tank, which can be charged by means of at least one heat source and / or material source, with at least one downstream high-temperature storage tank, and the at least one heat sink and / or material sink (consumer) is coupled for energy and / or material supply and / or reconversion to electricity with the working fluid output from the steam / liquid storage tank and / or the compressor and / or the compressor stage and / or the high-temperature storage tank.According to the procedure, at least one working fluid in the form of steam / gas from the steam / liquid storage is compressed by means of vapor compression, thereby increasing the temperature of the working fluid, and the working fluid with its increased temperature is used to charge at least one high-temperature storage tank.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a plant and a method for supplying energy and / or materials to at least one consumer according to the preamble of claims 1 and 7.

[0002] Process heat supply is largely based on natural gas. Reducing this dependence is crucial, as it currently has a significant impact on the purchase price of natural gas and its substitutes. Simultaneously, the phase-out of fossil fuels must be accelerated (e.g., through a massive reduction in greenhouse gas emissions). This can be achieved reliably and cost-effectively through the use of renewable energy sources (e.g., wind power, photovoltaics). Due to fluctuating energy supply, storage solutions (to increase supply flexibility) and the utilization of waste heat (to improve efficiency) are essential.

[0003] High-temperature or industrial heat pumps are limited in their maximum operating temperature due to available / suitable refrigerants and technologies.

[0004] Many refrigerants still have harmful effects (ozone depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, toxic breakdown products, etc.). Therefore, switching to natural refrigerants is urgently needed.

[0005] Various thermal storage systems are still used to store heat transfer fluids, according to the state of the art. These include, for example, steam storage systems in the form of gravity pressure storage tanks (e.g., Ruths storage tanks). With these systems, the temperature drops during discharge. This is disadvantageous, for example, in batch processes where the temperature needs to rise continuously (e.g., during heating).

[0006] Furthermore, PCM storage systems (storage systems with phase-change materials) are known in which the temperature difference during charging (e.g., heat transfer through a wall into the PCM) and discharging (e.g., heat transfer through a wall out of the PCM) is utilized. However, the temperature difference decreases with progressive charging and / or discharging, so that in many cases the charging and / or discharging power is / are limited.

[0007] In known hybrid concepts, PCMs were installed in or attached to steam storage tanks or combined in other ways. While this increased storage capacity, the aforementioned double heat transfer leads to low charging and / or discharging rates and / or a detrimental temperature reduction.

[0008] Such solutions are mentioned, for example, in the publications EP 3 260 803 A1, AT 518793 A1, AT 518828 A1 or DE 41 21 462 A1.

[0009] A method for heat supply or the generation of hot steam is known from publication CN 114517925 A. Steam from an upstream heat pump is heated to 140 °C by subsequent compression in a steam compressor and fed into a pressure vessel that serves as a heat supply. This method is not flexible in its application.

[0010] German patent DE 10 2013 225 543 B3 describes the use of steam from a steam generation plant in a heat-driven combined heat and power (CHP) plant. The steam is supplied at high temperatures and pressures, with the aim of operating at a constant temperature. This means that the plant does not raise the temperature of the heat source system. Furthermore, the operation of several storage tanks at a constant temperature is intended. The document does not provide a detailed description of the storage solution. With the information provided, planning, implementation, and operation are not possible.

[0011] The so-called vapor compression method is also known. This is a relatively old process involving the compression of gases and vapors, which is inherently disadvantageous compared to increasing the pressure of incompressible fluids. In many cases, this disadvantage cannot be avoided from a process engineering perspective. Such solutions are known from German patent applications DE 100 52 766 C2, DE 91 95 89 B, and DE 10 2008 047 283 A1.

[0012] German patent DE 10 2009 016 775 A1 also describes a method and a device for generating steam at a high temperature level, whereby steam is generated in two temperature stages using waste heat and a heat pump. In a third temperature stage, vapor compression is used to raise the steam to an industrially usable temperature level. However, storage facilities are not provided in this process.

[0013] From publication CN 112879995 A, a high-temperature heat supply heat pump system is known that recovers waste heat and uses a collector field.

[0014] In this system, a liquid storage unit, a tank, a circulation pump, and an evaporator are connected sequentially in a flow direction to create a first

[0015] To form a liquid circulation circuit, a liquid storage tank, a steam compressor, a condenser and the liquid collection tank are fluidically connected one after the other to form a second liquid circulation circuit.

[0016] Document CN 113932208 A discloses a high-temperature steam supply system with heat pump with multiple heat sources, a heat pump heating system, a solar-assisted flash evaporation system and a steam compression system.

[0017] A thermal hybrid compression heat pump steam system, also with two heat sources, is known from CN 216408920 U. The thermal mixed compression heat pump steam system with two heat sources comprises an evaporation system with two heat sources, a thermal compression system, and a mechanical compression system.

[0018] In US patent 10,794,227 B1, a system and method for utilizing latent heat for energy generation are described. This solution involves a fully closed latent heat recovery system that utilizes a steam source for steam generation. A network of pipes transports the steam and the resulting gas, the expanded energy, and the condensate to a steam expander, a compressor, a heat exchanger, an accumulator, and a steam condenser for expansion, compression, and conversion between the states of the steam. The latent heat generated by the expansion and energy release of the vapors and gases produces work to drive a load.

[0019] The heat pump process control, when a storage tank is included, is not optimally adapted to the storage solution. Therefore, the aforementioned solutions have the disadvantage of being inflexible or insufficiently flexible and cannot be easily adapted to changing needs.

[0020] A heat pump steam supply system with a heat storage function is known from publication CN 114484398 A. The system operates with two steam storage tanks or steam-liquid storage tanks. However, steam storage tanks, especially the gravity-fed pressure tanks mentioned here, have disadvantages, such as decreasing or excessively low temperatures during discharge. Decreasing temperatures during discharge lead to a reduction in operating time (e.g., during heating processes).

[0021] The object of the invention is to develop a system and a method for supplying energy and / or materials to at least one consumer, in particular for energy and / or material supply with temperature boosting, with which an energy and / or material supply to one or more consumers at temperatures, for example, above 120 °C, and thus an increase in supply temperatures and therefore higher temperatures during discharge compared to conventional storage or hybrid storage concepts, is achievable, and good coordination of the charging and discharging power as well as adaptation of the energy and / or material supply to the demand is ensured, whereby in particular environmentally friendly and inexpensive refrigerants are used and the energy storage density can be increased. This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 7. Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0022] The system for supplying energy and / or materials to at least one consumer by means of at least one working material exhibits the following characteristics: at least one heat source and / or material source, at least one storage system, at least one compressor and / or at least one compressor stage, at least one heat sink and / or material sink (consumer), wherein according to the invention, the storage system is a combination of at least one steam / liquid storage tank, which can be charged by means of at least one heat source and / or material source, with at least one downstream high-temperature storage tank, at least one compressor and / or one compressor stage for compressing the working fluid is arranged between the steam / liquid storage tank and the high-temperature storage tank, and at least one heat sink and / or material sink (consumer) is coupled with the working fluid discharged from the steam / liquid storage tank and / or the compressor or the compressor stage and / or the high-temperature storage tank for energy and / or material supply and / or reconversion to electricity.

[0023] This configuration of the system for energy and / or material supply allows for a

[0024] A heat pump storage system is feasible, with which a temperature increase of the working fluid output from the first storage tank is made possible by vapor compression, and wherein the working fluid with its increased temperature can be stored in a further storage tank, namely the high-temperature storage tank.

[0025] This makes it possible for the first time to supply one or more consumers with the same high temperatures from the high-temperature storage, or to supply all or some or only one with lower temperatures output from the steam / liquid storage.

[0026] Furthermore, it is also possible to achieve at least partial reconversion to electricity using an expansion machine and / or to connect reconversion devices downstream of the steam / liquid storage system and / or the high-temperature storage system: for example, a steam turbine, a combined gas / steam turbine, or a positive displacement engine. The steam from the first working fluid can also be used for process steps in fuel cells or in the chemical industry. The system is therefore efficient and flexible in its application.

[0027] To ensure the desired temperature increase, a multi-stage compression system can be integrated between the steam / liquid storage tank and the high-temperature storage tank, for example, using multiple compressors and / or compressor stages. This allows the temperature of the working fluid discharged from the steam / liquid storage tank to be raised even further.

[0028] Prior to the high-temperature storage tank, mechanical and / or thermal compressors can be used to compress the working fluid from the steam / liquid storage tank. This compression process raises the temperature of the working fluid as described above, and the fluid is then stored in the high-temperature storage tank.

[0029] Advantageously, at least one expansion device and / or a pressure loss-generating component for the working fluid is arranged between the high-temperature storage and the steam / liquid storage, so that expansion of the working fluid (pressure reduction) with return to the steam / liquid storage is possible and / or elements for expansion of the working fluid before return to the steam / liquid storage are integrated into the high-temperature storage.

[0030] The component generating pressure loss can be, for example, a thin pipe, a cross-sectional constriction, a nozzle, an orifice, a deflection, a valve body, or another hydraulic throttling element, or a combination thereof.

[0031] This allows the working material to be returned to the steam / liquid storage tank in liquid or predominantly liquid form, or, depending on the operation, also in gaseous form.

[0032] The steam / liquid storage system contains, in particular, the working fluid at equilibrium or near equilibrium of two phases, liquid and vaporous, whereby during charging and discharging of the steam / liquid storage system the temperature, pressure, mass and fill level of the liquid phase change, and thus the storage function corresponds to a mass storage system and a thermal energy storage system.

[0033] The high-temperature storage unit, loaded with the compressed working fluid, is designed in particular as a container and, for example, as a tube bundle apparatus with a storage material. Additionally or alternatively, encapsulated or unencapsulated storage materials can also be introduced into the container, in which case the storage material(s) consist in particular of phase change material, whereby heat transfer from the working fluid to the storage material is possible with or without a wall for material separation.

[0034] The working material(s) may preferably be any condensable gases / vapors and / or inorganic or organic liquids, in particular water, alkanes, alcohols (methanol, ethanol) or ammonia or conventional synthetic refrigerants or mixtures and / or suspensions thereof.

[0035] Furthermore, according to the invention, at least one heat sink and / or material sink (consumer) is required. coupled to the compressor and / or the high-temperature storage unit for supplying higher temperatures in the range of 40 °C to 800 °C and / or coupled to the steam / liquid storage unit for supplying lower temperatures in the range of 20 °C to 400 °C.

[0036] This further illustrates the flexible way the system works.

[0037] According to the method, the energy and / or material supply of at least one consumer is carried out using a system described above, wherein, according to the invention, at least one working fluid in the form of steam / gas from the steam / liquid storage tank is compressed by means of vapor compression via at least one compressor and / or at least one compressor stage, thereby increasing the temperature of the working fluid, and the working fluid, now at a higher temperature, is used to charge at least one high-temperature storage tank, in which the working fluid cools down and / or is at least partially liquefied, and is then circulated back to the steam / liquid storage tank via at least one expansion device and / or a pressure loss-generating component.wherein the steam / liquid storage tank and / or the compressor / compressor stage and / or the high-temperature storage tank supplies at least one heat sink and / or mass sink / consumer and / or generates electricity.

[0038] The process implemented with the plant also enables an effective and flexible energy and / or material supply for the consumer(s).

[0039] The steam / liquid storage tank and the high-temperature storage tank can be loaded or unloaded simultaneously or at different times.

[0040] Furthermore, it is possible to implement a multi-stage compression of one or more working materials and / or a multi-stage expansion of one or more high-temperature storage units.

[0041] Multi-stage pressure relief can be achieved, for example, with multiple pressure relief devices and / or with multiple pressure loss-generating components and / or by means of decentralized pressure relief in the high-temperature storage tank with distributed throttling points.

[0042] The steam / liquid storage tank is charged in particular via at least one heat pump and / or via waste heat and / or process heat and / or renewable heat such as solar thermal energy, geothermal energy, ambient heat.

[0043] Furthermore, it is possible to charge the steam / liquid storage tank using a conventional supply, e.g., via the flow and / or return of a conventional heating circuit. In this case, a material flow can also be introduced directly into the steam / liquid storage tank via the flow line B1V without a return line B1R. If no heat and / or material source is available, material can also be supplied via the return line R.

[0044] The system and process enable high performance and efficiency ratios (ratio of heat supply to electrical input for compressing the working fluid). The charging and discharging capacity of the storage tanks can be precisely coordinated. Furthermore, the system and process for energy and / or material supply with temperature boosting allow for high discharge temperatures compared to steam storage and hybrid storage systems (state of the art).

[0045] It is possible to increase energy storage density as well as flexibility in heat and electricity supply.

[0046] Advantageously, good system operation with heat pump and storage and the use of environmentally friendly working materials (refrigerants) is achievable.

[0047] The system and the method are based on the following approaches according to the invention: the vapor compression (mechanical or thermal) of a working fluid, for the charging or use of a high-temperature storage system, using a steam / liquid storage system as a heat source and / or material source, and the expansion of the working fluid with return to the steam / liquid storage system.

[0048] This system allows for operation with flexible temperatures and pressures. By selecting the appropriate working fluid and storage medium, adjustments can be made that are crucial for high-temperature generation and storage. It's important to note that temperatures on both the heat source and heat sink sides can fluctuate.

[0049] The high-temperature storage device used is preferably and typically designed as a container. A specific design could, for example, be a tube bundle apparatus. Encapsulated or unencapsulated storage materials can also be placed in the container.

[0050] In the high-temperature storage system, heat is transferred from the working fluid to the storage fluid, with or without a wall for material separation.

[0051] If a wall is formed (heat exchanger), heat transfer can be improved by means of fins (on the working fluid side and / or on the storage fluid side). The use of additives in the storage fluid is also possible (e.g., stabilization of the storage fluid, prevention of decomposition, subcooling, and corrosion, and increasing the effective thermal conductivity).

[0052] Optionally, pipes and channels that carry the working material(s) through the storage tank can be equipped with decentralized throttling points for multi-stage pressure relief.

[0053] All organic and inorganic solids and / or liquids, as well as their composite material systems, can be used as storage materials.

[0054] Storage materials (e.g., salts, salt hydrates, alkanes, alkenes, paraffins, alcohols, sugar alcohols, polyolefins, fatty acids, esters, nitrates, hydroxides, chlorides, carbonates, fluorides, amides, ethers, glycols, metals, alloys and mixtures and / or suspensions) are preferably substances that undergo changes of state and high changes in specific enthalpy due to the solid-liquid phase change.

[0055] However, other changes in atomic or molecular structure can also be used. At very high temperatures, solids (e.g., packed beds, shaped elements) can also be used as storage materials.

[0056] The storage materials can also be combined – in particular, several phase change materials (PCMs). The storage materials are located in the cavity of the tube bundle apparatus or in capsules.

[0057] The loading is carried out by the compacted working material.

[0058] Optionally, an electric auxiliary heater can be used for one or more storage tanks (e.g., for additional storage tank charging or superheating of the working fluid, especially before and after the compressor) (not shown in the drawings). Discharge occurs via heat delivery to the consumer.

[0059] The steam / liquid storage system stores the working fluid at equilibrium, or near equilibrium, between the two phases, liquid and vapor. During charging and discharging, the temperature, pressure, total mass, and the fill level of the liquid phase change. This means that the storage function corresponds to both a mass storage system and a thermal energy storage system.

[0060] The container can be positioned vertically, horizontally, or at an angle. The steam / liquid storage system can be a single unit or consist of multiple units.

[0061] The storage capacity can be expanded with one or more liquid storage tanks (e.g. hot / warm water storage tanks).

[0062] All condensable gases / vapors and / or inorganic or organic liquids can be used as working fluids. Water, alkanes (e.g., propane, butane), alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol), ammonia, and conventional synthetic refrigerants, as well as their mixtures and suspensions, appear particularly suitable.

[0063] The steam / liquid storage tank and the high-temperature storage tank can be charged simultaneously or sequentially. The same applies to discharging.

[0064] A reference variant according to the invention essentially consists of a single-stage compaction process and the use of a working material.

[0065] Further advantages include the possibility of expanding the system, for example through the following interconnections and combinations: multi-stage compression, one working fluid, multi-stage compression, several working fluids, ∘ with at least one internal heat exchanger, ∘ with at least one external heat exchanger, extension of the steam-liquid storage with at least one liquid storage, with at least one bypass of the high-temperature storage and with at least one preheating / superheating, multi-stage expansion through several high-temperature storages with controlled expansion devices and / or decentralized expansion in the storage with distributed throttling points.

[0066] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and accompanying drawings. These show: Figure 1: Simplified version of the system in the form of a heat pump storage system, with single-stage compression, a working fluid, a high-temperature storage tank, an expansion tank, a steam / liquid storage tank, and an arbitrary heat source / material source system. Figure 2: Another simplified version of a heat pump storage system, similar to... Figure 1 , however, with a heat source / material source system in the form of an upstream heat pump and with a heat sink system and / or a material sink system (consumer), Figure 3 Heat pump storage system in simplified representation similar to Figure 1 and 2with a multi-stage (here three-stage) compression, and a multi-stage (here three-stage) expansion, Figure 4 Heat pump storage system in simplified representation with a two- or multi-stage compression, with two working fluids, a high-temperature storage, with an internal heat exchanger, with a two- or multi-stage expansion, with two steam / liquid storage tanks and with a heat source system, Figure 5 Heat pump storage system, similar to Figure 4, however with an external heat exchanger, Figure 6 Heat pump storage system in simplified representation with a single-stage compression, with a working fluid, with a high-temperature storage, with an expansion, with a steam / liquid storage, with a heat source / material source system and with a liquid storage and with pumps for charging and discharging (pressure boosting), if applicable.Utilization of hydrostatic head (arrangement below the steam / liquid storage tank) Figure 7: Heat pump storage system, simplified representation with single-stage compression, with a working fluid, with a high-temperature storage tank, with expansion, with a steam / liquid storage tank, with a heat exchanger for preheating the intake gas / steam and a bypass of the high-temperature storage tank for operational optimization. Figure 8: Heat pump storage system, simplified representation of a four-stage or more-stage design of the high-temperature storage tank, with four-stage or more-stage controlled expansion. Figure 9: Heat pump storage system, simplified representation of a single-stage design of the high-temperature storage tank, with decentralized expansion with distributed throttling points in the high-temperature storage tank.

[0067] In the Figure 1 and 2In simplified terms, this is a basic variant of a system for supplying energy and / or materials to a consumer with a first heat source and / or material source 1.1, a first steam / liquid storage 2.1, a first compressor 3.1, a first high-temperature storage 4.1, a heat sink and / or material sink (consumer) 6, shown.

[0068] A storage system with two different storage units is used, namely with at least one steam / liquid storage unit and with at least one high-temperature storage unit.

[0069] The first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 is charged, for example, by means of an arbitrary first heat source and / or material source 1.1. The first charge B1 of the steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 is realized via a supply line B1V from the first heat source and / or material source 1.1 to the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1. From this, a return line B1R optionally leads back from the first charge B1 to the first heat source and / or material source 1.1. A first pump P1 for conveying the working fluid is integrated into the return line B1R. However, the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 can also be charged only via a supply line B1V. It is also possible that different mass flows occur in the supply line B1V and the return line B1R (not shown in the diagram). Figure 1The time-shifted equalization of the mass of the working fluid then takes place via the supply flow V to the heat and / or mass sink (consumer) 6. If no first heat source and / or mass source 1.1 is available, the return flow R can also serve as a mass source for the return of the first working fluid A1.

[0070] If, for example, water is used, an open process is conceivable. Hot water and / or steam enters the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 via the feed line B1V. If no first heat source and / or material source 1.1 is available, cold condensate (liquid water, first working fluid A1) can also be fed to the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1. In both cases, the hot working fluid A1 is routed to the heat sink and / or material sink (consumer) 6 with a time delay.

[0071] A closed process is also possible and necessary if one of the working materials must not enter a heat and / or material source system and / or a heat and / or material sink system directly.

[0072] In the lower section 2.1a of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 there is a liquid phase of a first working substance A1 and in the upper section 2.1b a vaporous and / or gaseous phase of the first working substance A1.

[0073] The fill level of the liquid phase in the lower area 2.1a of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 is variable.

[0074] Furthermore, a second loading B2 leads from the upper area 2.1b of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 via a second supply line B2V and via the first compressor 3.1 to the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 with at least one storage substance 12 and from this via a first expansion device 5.1 for the working fluid as a return line B2R into the steam / liquid storage tank 2, in particular in liquid form into the lower area 2.1a.

[0075] Thus, the first compressor 3.1 is arranged between an inlet of the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, so that vapor compression with temperature increase of the gaseous / vaporous working fluid discharged from the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 is realized, whereby the working fluid for charging the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 has a higher temperature than at the outlet of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1.

[0076] Between an outlet of the first steam / liquid storage unit 2.1, which is located at the upper area 2.1b, a first discharge E1 can lead directly to the consumer 6 via a feeder E1V.

[0077] Alternatively, a flow V from the upper area 2.1b of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 leads via the first compressor 3.1 directly to the consumer 6.

[0078] In addition, a second discharge as feed E2V and a third discharge as feed E3V lead to consumer 6 from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, whereby the feed E3V of the third discharge from the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 is pumped into the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 via a second pump P2.

[0079] The consumer or several consumers 6 can be supplied via one, several or all supply lines V, E1V, E2V, E3V.

[0080] Return flows R, E1R and E3R from the discharges 1 and 3 of consumer 6 can lead via a third pump P3 to the steam / liquid storage tank 2.1.

[0081] Furthermore, a return flow E2R of the discharge E2 from consumer 6 can also lead via a fourth pump P4 to the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1.

[0082] Unlike Figure 1 , in which the arbitrary first heat source and / or material source 1.1 is schematically represented, is according to Figure 2 the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 is charged by means of a first heat source and / or material source 1.1, which is designed in the manner of a heat pump, consisting of evaporator 1.a, heat pump compressor 1.b, condenser 1.c or gas cooler and heat pump expansion device 1.d.

[0083] All supply and return lines can be switched via unlabeled valves.

[0084] According to the Figure 1 and 2By means of appropriate valve configurations, at least one heat sink and / or mass sink (consumer) 6 can be coupled to the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 and / or the first compressor 3.1 and / or the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 for energy and / or mass supply.

[0085] This creates an extremely flexible heat pump / storage system with temperature boosting.

[0086] Figure 3 Figure 1 shows a simplified representation of a heat pump storage system with multi-stage compression, which is implemented here in three stages, with one working fluid, three steam / liquid storage tanks 2.1 to 2.3, with three / multi-stage expansion, with a first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 and with a first heat source / material source system 1.1.

[0087] From the first heat source and / or material source 1.1, a first charging B1 of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 preferably takes place in its lower section 2.1a, in which liquid working medium is stored, by means of a supply line B1V. Also preferably from the lower section 2.1a of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, a return line B1R of the first charging B1 leads back to the first heat source and / or material source 1.1 via a first pump P1.

[0088] From the first upper section 2.1b of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, vaporous working fluid is directed via a first compressor 3.1 to the lower section 2.2a of the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2. From the upper section 2.2b of the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2, vaporous working fluid is directed via a second compressor 3.2 to the lower section 2.3a of a third steam / liquid storage tank 2.3 and from the upper section 2.3b of the third steam / liquid storage tank 2.3, via a third compressor 3.3, as a second charge B2 in a feed line B2V to the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, which also contains a storage fluid 12.

[0089] The return flow B2R of the second loading B2 of the working fluid from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 to the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 takes place via the third and second steam / liquid storage tanks 2.2, 2.3, wherein a first expansion device 5.1 is arranged between the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 and the third steam / liquid storage tank 2.3, a second expansion device 5.2 is arranged between the third steam / liquid storage tank 2.3 and the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2, and a third expansion device 5.3 is arranged between the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 and the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1.

[0090] By using three steam / liquid storage tanks 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 connected in series, each with three downstream compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, a three-stage vapor compression takes place, in which the temperature is higher after each compressor 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 in the direction of the supply line B2V.

[0091] The return flow B2R of the second loading always leads from the expansion devices 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 into the steam / liquid storage tanks 2.1, 2.2, 2.3.

[0092] Preferably, the return flow B2R of the second load from the expansion devices 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 leads in at least partially liquid form and / or in gaseous state, in particular to the lower regions 2.3a, 2.2a, 2.1a, which contain the liquid phases of the working fluid.

[0093] A consumer 6, not shown here, can be supplied via corresponding lines, which are also not shown here. For example, to at least one or each of the three steam / liquid storage tanks 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and / or to at least one or each of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and / or from an outlet of the first high-temperature storage tank A suitable connection for supplying the consumer(s) must be provided via appropriate lines as well as valves and their circuits (not shown), depending on the temperature level to which the consumer(s) is to be supplied.

[0094] The Figures 4 and 5 Figure 1 shows further exemplary variants of the inventive system for supplying energy and / or materials to a consumer in the form of a heat pump storage system with temperature boosting in a simplified representation. Here, multi-stage compression also takes place, which is implemented here, for example, as a two-stage process, with a first and second heat exchanger 2.1, 2.2, respectively, and downstream first and second compressors 3.1 and 3.2, and with two working fluids A1, A2.

[0095] The first loading B1 of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 takes place as described above. Figure 3from the first heat source and / or material source 1.1 via the flow line B1V into the lower section 2a of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1. From the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 (lower section 2a), a return line B1R of the first charge B1 leads back to the first heat source and / or material source 1.1 via a first pump P1.

[0096] Furthermore, a first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 is available.

[0097] The first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 contains a first working fluid A1 and the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 contains a working fluid A2.

[0098] The variants of Figures 4 and 5 differ by an internal heat exchanger 7 ( Figure 4 ) and an external heat exchanger 8 ( Figure 5 ).

[0099] At Figure 4An internal heat exchanger 7 is provided in the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2. The first working fluid A1 is drawn from the vapor phase in the upper section 2.1b of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 and compressed by the first compressor, thereby increasing its temperature. It then flows through the internal heat exchanger 7 located in the lower section 2.2a and via a second expansion device 5.2 (in which the first working fluid A1 is at least partially liquefied) back into the lower section 2.1a of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, containing the liquid phase.

[0100] This heats the second working fluid A2 in the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 by means of the internal heat exchanger 7.

[0101] At Figure 5 An external heat exchanger 8 is arranged between the first compressor 3.1 and the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2.

[0102] The first working fluid A1, the vaporous phase from the upper section 2.1b of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, flows via the external heat exchanger 8 and a second expansion device back into the first section 2.1a (liquid phase) of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1. From the lower section 2.2a of the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2, liquid working fluid A1 is also conveyed via a fifth pump P5, through the external heat exchanger 8, and back into the lower section 2.2a of the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2. The second working fluid A2 in the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 is thus heated by the first working fluid A1 via the external heat exchanger 8.

[0103] In both variants, according to the Figures 4 and 5The vaporous phase of the second working fluid A2 from the upper section 2.2b of the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 is compressed via a second compressor 3.2 and thereby further heated, and flows via the supply line B2V of the second loading tank B2 to the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1. The return line B2R of the second loading tank B2 leads from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 via a first expansion device 5.1 in at least partially liquid and / or gaseous form to the lower section 2.2a of the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2.

[0104] The at least one consumer (not shown) can be supplied via branches (not shown) after the first and / or second steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, 2.2 and / or after the first and / or second compressor 3.1, 3.2 and / or from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1. The connection is then made via corresponding valves (not shown).

[0105] The Figure 6Figure 1 shows a simplified representation of a heat pump storage system with a single-stage compression, a first working fluid A1, a first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, a first expansion device 5.1, a first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, a first heat source and / or material source 1.1, a liquid storage tank 9, a pump P6 for discharging the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 from the liquid storage tank 9, and a pump P7 for charging the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1.

[0106] As in the previous examples, the liquid phase of the working fluid A1 is located in the lower area 2.1a of the steam / liquid storage tank 2 and the gaseous phase is located in the upper area 2.1b.

[0107] Pumps P6 and P7 charge and discharge the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 with the first working fluid A1 from the lower section 2.1a. A pressure increase of the working fluid A1 is possible through recirculation in at least one circuit U. Furthermore, it is possible to arrange the liquid storage tank 9 below the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 and, if necessary, circulate the working fluid A2 between the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 and the liquid storage tank 9 using pumps P6 and P7, possibly utilizing the hydrostatic head. From the upper section 2.1a of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, the first compressor 3.1 compresses the vaporous working fluid A1 and feeds it via the supply line B2V as the second charge B2 to the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1.

[0108] From the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, the first working fluid A1 is at least partially liquefied via the first expansion device 5.1 and directed into the lower area 2.1a of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1.

[0109] As with the Figures 4 and 5 The first charging of B1 of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 is carried out from the first heat source and / or material source 1.1 via the flow line B1V into the lower section 2.1a of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1. From the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 (lower section 2.1a), the return line B1R of the first charging of B1 leads back to the first heat source and / or material source 1.1 via the first pump P1.

[0110] The various switching states are achieved via valves not labeled here. Furthermore, corresponding lines for the energy and / or material supply of the consumer(s) (not shown here) can lead to the consumer(s) after the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 and / or after the first compressor 3.1 and / or from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1.

[0111] Figure 7 Figure 1 shows a variant of the system with single-stage compression, with a first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, a first working fluid A1, a first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, a first expansion device 5.1, a first heat source and / or material source 1.1, and a third heat exchanger 10 for preheating the aspirated vaporous first working fluid A1 and at least a partial bypass of the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 for operational optimization.

[0112] Here too, the first charging B1 of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 is carried out from the first heat source and / or material source 1.1 via the flow line B1V into the lower section 2.1a of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1. From the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 (lower section 2.1a), the return line B1R of the first charging B1 leads back to the first heat source and / or material source 1.1 via the first pump P1.

[0113] The vapor / gaseous phase of the first working fluid A1 is drawn in from the upper section 2.1b of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 via the first compressor 3.1 and passes through the third heat exchanger 10, which is located between the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1. To preheat the first working fluid A1 discharged from the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, either the first working fluid A1 exiting the first compressor 3.1 and / or the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, which has a higher temperature than the working fluid A2 exiting the upper section 2.1b of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 during normal operation, can be passed through the third heat exchanger 10, thereby increasing the temperature of the first working fluid A1 before it reaches the first compressor 3.1.

[0114] For this purpose, the return flow B2R of the working fluid A1 from the second loading B2 exiting the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 is routed back to the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 in the lower area 2.1a (liquid phase) via the third heat exchanger 10 and the first expansion device 5.1.

[0115] The consumer(s) not shown here can also be supplied with heat via lines not shown after the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 and / or the first compressor 3.1 and / or from the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, for which appropriate valves are provided (not shown).

[0116] Furthermore, it is possible to use additional compressors and / or one or more compressor stages instead of or in addition to the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 used in the aforementioned embodiments.

[0117] Also not shown is the possibility of integrating an additional electric heater after the compressor(s) or after one, several or all compressors and / or compressor stages in order to further increase the temperature of the working fluid if required.

[0118] Figure 8 shows a simplified representation of the possible arrangement of several high-temperature storage tanks in a heat pump storage system.

[0119] A four-stage design of high-temperature storage units, each containing a storage material 12, with a controlled multi-stage - here four-stage - expansion is provided.

[0120] Following a first high-temperature storage tank 4.1, a first controlled expansion device / motor valve 11.1 is provided. Between the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 and a second high-temperature storage tank 4.2, a second controlled expansion device / motor valve 11.2 is provided. Between the second and third high-temperature storage tanks 4.2 and 4.3, a third controlled expansion device / motor valve 11.3 is provided. Between the third and fourth high-temperature storage tanks 4.3 and 4.4, a fourth controlled expansion device / motor valve 11.4 is provided. The working fluid A1 passes from at least one compressor or at least one compressor stage (not shown here) via the supply line of the second charge B2V and a fifth expansion device / motor valve 11.5 into the fourth high-temperature storage tank 4.4, and from there via the other aforementioned motor valves and the third 4.3 and second high-temperature storage tank 4.2 into the first high-temperature storage tank 4.1 and from this via the first relaxation organ 5.1 back into the first steam / liquid reservoir 2.1, which is not shown here.

[0121] From the fourth high-temperature storage tank at the top, a feed line E2V continues to discharge the high-temperature storage tank(s) 4.1 to 4.4 to consumer 6.

[0122] From consumer 6, a return flow E2R of the discharge leads via a fourth pump P4 into the high-temperature storage tanks 4.1 to 4.4 and the motor valves 11.1 to 11.5 and exits again as a supply flow E2V of the discharge.

[0123] Both Figures 1 to 8 The relaxation of the working substance occurs via a relaxation organ.

[0124] However, it is alternatively or additionally possible to implement a depressurization of the working fluid already in the high-temperature storage tank(s).

[0125] Figure 9Figure 1 shows a simplified representation of a first high-temperature storage unit 4.1, with decentralized expansion of, for example, a first working fluid A1. Channels 13 lead through a storage fluid 12 of the high-temperature storage unit 4.1, through which the working fluid A1 flows and in which throttling points 14 are arranged. A wall 15 is located between the channels 13 and the storage fluid 12 for separation of the substances and heat transfer from the working fluid A1 to the storage fluid 12.

[0126] The throttling points 14 enable multiple and / or partial expansion of the working fluid A1 already in the high-temperature storage tank 4.1.

[0127] In the variants described above with only one first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 (see Figure 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 ) in the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, the temperature and pressure of the working fluid are. in the form of water preferably 30 °C to 370 °C and 0.0042 MPa to 21 MPa, in the form of ammonia preferably -30 °C to 130 °C and 0.0716 MPa to 10.89 MPa, in the form of acetone preferably 55 °C to 230 °C and 0.098 MPa to 4.36 MPa, in the form of methanol preferably 60 °C to 240 °C and 0.0847 MPa to 8.18 MPa, in the form of ethanol preferably 50 °C to 240 °C and 0.0294 MPa to 6.095 MPa, in the form of R1234ze(Z) (synthetic refrigerant) preferably 20 °C to 100 °C and 0.4234 MPa to 3.03 MPa, in the form of propane preferably 20 °C to 90 °C and 0.836 MPa to 3.76 MPa, preferably in the form of butane 20 °C to 150 °C and 0.208 MPa to 3.67 MPa.

[0128] The list of selected working fluids shows a relatively large operating range with regard to temperature and pressure. When mixtures / suspensions of the aforementioned working fluids are used (two- or multi-component systems), the pressure and temperature ranges change depending on the proportions of the substances. For example, for a 50% / 50% water-ethanol mixture, the pressures range from 0.0031 MPa to 0.0049 MPa at 20 °C and from 17.8 MPa to 18.2 MPa at 330 °C.

[0129] The final compression temperature after the first compressor 3.1 depends strongly on the working fluid, the condition of the working fluid entering the compressor, as well as the type and quality of compression (positive displacement or turbocharger, number of compression stages, operating mode, etc.). Therefore, final compression temperatures of up to 800 °C and / or final compression pressures of up to 21 MPa and higher can occur.

[0130] The following are examples of possible pressure / temperature conditions for a working material such as water / water vapor.

[0131] In the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, for example, the temperature is 100 °C to 150 °C at a pressure of 0.101 MPa to 0.476 MPa.

[0132] After the first compressor 3.1, the temperature of the working fluid, in the form of, for example, water / water vapor, according to... Figure 1 and 2 The temperature of the fluid being fed into the high-temperature storage tank 4.1 is higher than the temperature in the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 and can reach a maximum of 700 °C. The pressure of the working fluid (water / steam) is higher than in the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1, reaching a maximum of 2.55 MPa.

[0133] For the following variants, specific temperatures and pressures are given for the sake of simplicity, but these may also differ.

[0134] According to a variant not shown, based on Figure 3 Using two steam / liquid accumulators 2.1 and 2.2, the working fluid, for example water / steam, is transferred from the first steam / liquid accumulator 2.1 (temperature 100 °C, pressure 0.101 MPa) to the second steam / liquid accumulator 2.2 via vapor compression using the first compressor 3.1. The temperature in the second steam / liquid accumulator 2.2 is then higher than in the first steam / liquid accumulator 2.1 and reaches up to 150 °C. The pressure of the working fluid is 0.472 MPa.

[0135] Due to further compression after the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 by means of the compressor 3.2, the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the high-temperature storage tank 4.1 is higher than the temperature in the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 and reaches up to 500 °C. The pressure upon supply to the high-temperature storage tank is preferably 1.55 MPa.

[0136] Will be according to Figure 3 Three steam / liquid storage tanks 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, each with downstream compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, are arranged in series one behind the other, so that the pressure and temperature of the first two steam / liquid storage tanks 2.1, 2.2 are in the aforementioned ranges with two steam / liquid storage tanks 2.1 and 2.2 and two compressors 3.1, 3.2.

[0137] The temperature of the working fluid in the third steam / liquid storage tank 2.3 is also higher than in the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 and is up to 200 °C, and the pressure in the third steam / liquid storage tank 2.3 is higher than in the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 and is up to 1.55 MPa.

[0138] The additional third compressor 3.3 after the third steam-liquid storage tank 2.3 further increases the temperature and pressure of the working fluid, thereby increasing the temperature of the working fluid to 600 °C and the pressure to 3.98 MPa during the second loading B2 of the high-temperature storage tank 4.1.

[0139] The variants described above allow very high temperatures to be provided to supply the consumer(s).

[0140] When using different materials, the temperature / pressure ranges change.

[0141] These values ​​can be obtained / determined / calculated for the materials used from relevant sources.

[0142] The variants shown in the figures can be combined and expanded upon.

[0143] Instead of the compressors 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 shown in the drawings, several compressors can be used or combined and / or one or more compressor stages can be used.

[0144] Between the high-temperature storage unit 4.1 and the consumer 6, for example one or more turbomachines (e.g., turbine(s)) and / or displacement machines (e.g., a reciprocating machine) can be arranged for reconversion of electricity.

[0145] Furthermore, one or more turbomachines (e.g. turbine(s)) and / or displacement machines (e.g. a reciprocating engine) and / or fuel cells can also be used as consumers 6.

[0146] In addition to supplying heat / energy to one or more consumers, the system and method according to the invention also make it possible to supply one or more consumers with substances, particularly at high temperatures. This can be used, for example, in the chemical or process engineering industries, and preferably when using working fluids in the form of ethanol and / or methanol and / or water or mixtures / combinations thereof.

[0147] Typically, the process uses steam. This allows the working fluid to be conveyed directly to the consumer. If a different working fluid is used, at least one heat exchanger is usually employed for separation.

[0148] Heat / energy supply usually takes place in closed cycles, meaning the substance or heat transfer medium remains in the cycle.

[0149] In a material and energy supply system, an open process control is also possible, in which substances are added to and removed from the processes shown on the source and / or sink side in order to realize chemical and / or process engineering processes.

[0150] Examples of heat sources include: Waste heat from industrial and / or power plant processes, environmental heat, wastewater streams, renewable heat sources, heat from heating networks or heating circuits, heat from cooling systems, waste heat from data centers.

[0151] These can also be used in combination.

[0152] Examples of heat sinks include: Heat supply systems for industrial, process engineering, chemical processes, space heating, air conditioning, domestic hot water heating, power plant processes, drying, refrigeration.

[0153] It is also possible to supply multiple heat sinks.

[0154] Examples of material sources include: Substances from a natural or artificial source, e.g. wastewater stream, natural or artificial water body, exhaust gas stream from a combustion or chemical process, continuous or discontinuous product stream from a process. These can also be used in combination.

[0155] Examples of substance sinks include: Industrial, process engineering, chemical processes, power plant processes, space heating, air conditioning, domestic hot water heating, drying, refrigeration, continuous and / or discontinuous production processes. Multiple material sinks can also be supplied.

[0156] The invention provides a system and a method that can be flexibly adapted to the available heat and material sources and, by increasing the temperature after the steam / liquid storage tank(s) and using a high-temperature storage tank, enables the supply of one or more consumers from one or more heat sinks or one or more material sinks. The system and method can also supply the consumers at different temperatures. Reference symbol list

[0157] 1.1 First heat source and / or material source 1.a Evaporator 1.b Heat pump compressor 1.c Condenser 1.d Gas cooler and heat pump expansion device 2.1 First steam / liquid storage tank 2.1a Lower section of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.1 Upper section of the first steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 Second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2a Lower section of the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.2 Upper section of the second steam / liquid storage tank 2.3 Third steam / liquid storage tank 2.3a Lower section of the third steam / liquid storage tank 2.3 Upper section of the third steam / liquid storage tank 3.1 First compressor 3.2 Second compressor 3.3 Third compressor 4.1 First high-temperature storage 4.2 Second high-temperature storage 4.3 Third high-temperature storage 4.4 Fourth high-temperature storage 5.1 First expansion device 5.2 Second expansion device 5.3 Third expansion valve 6 Heat sink and / or mass sink (consumer) 7 Internal heat exchanger 8 External heat exchanger 9 Liquid storage 10 Third heat exchanger 11.1 First controlled expansion valve / motor valve 11.2 Second controlled expansion valve / motor valve 11.3 Third controlled expansion valve / motor valve 11.4 Fourth controlled expansion valve / motor valve 11.5 Fifth regulated expansion device / motor valve 12 Storage medium 13 Channels 14 Throttle points 15 Wall A1 First working medium A2 Second working medium B1 First loading B1R Return of first loading B1 B1V Supply of first loading B1 B2 Second loading B2R Return of second loading B2 B2V Supply of second loading B2 E1 First discharge E1R Return of discharge 1 E1V Supply of discharge 1 E2 Second discharge E2R Return of discharge 2 E2V Supply of discharge 2 E3 Third discharge E3R Return of discharge 3 E3V Supply of discharge 3 P1 First pump P2 Second pump P3 Third pump P4 Fourth pump P5 Fifth pump P6 Sixth pump P7 Seventh pump R Return U Circuit V Supply.

Claims

1. A system for supplying energy and / or material to at least one consumer (6) by means of at least one working substance (A1, A2) with - at least one heat source and / or material source (1.1, 6), - at least one storage system, - at least one compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and / or one compressor stage, - at least one heat sink and / or material sink (consumer) (6), wherein the storage system is a combination of - at least one steam / liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) that can be loaded by means of at least one heat source and / or material source (1.1, 6) with - at least one high-temperature storage device (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4), wherein - between the steam / liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and the high-temperature storage device (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) at least one compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and / or a compressor stage for compressing the working material (A1, A2) is arranged and - the at least one heat sink and / or material sink (consumer) (6) for energy and / or material supply and / or at least partial re-conversion to electricity is coupled to the working material (A1, A2) output from the steam / liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and / or the compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and / or the compressor stage and / or the high-temperature storage device (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4).

2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a multi-stage compression is integrated between the vapor / liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) and that this has a mechanical and / or thermal vapor compression by means of mechanical and / or thermal compressors (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) upstream of the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4).

3. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by - thatat least one expansion device and / or a pressure loss-generating component (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) for the working medium (A1, A2) is arranged between the high-temperature storage device (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) and the steam / liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3), so that the expansion of the working medium (A1, A2) with return to the steam / liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) can be realized and / or - that Elements for expanding the working fluid (A1, A2) before it is returned to the steam / liquid storage tank (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) are integrated into the high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4).

4. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that- the vapor / liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) contains the working substance (A1, A2) at equilibrium or almost / due to operational conditions at an equilibrium of two phases, liquid and vapor, and that when the vapor / liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) is loaded and unloaded, the temperature, pressure, mass and fill level of the liquid phase change and thus the storage function corresponds to a mass storage device and a thermal energy storage device and / or that - the high-temperature storage device (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) is designed as a container and is a tube bundle apparatus with storage material (12) and / or encapsulated storage materials (12) or capsule-free storage materials (12) are introduced into the container, wherein the storage material(s) (12) consist(s) in particular of phase change material and that heat transfer from the working material (A1, A2) to the storage material (12) can be realized with or without a wall (15) for material separation.

5. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the working substance(s) (A1, A2) are all condensable gases / vapours and / or inorganic or organic liquids, in particular water, alkanes, alcohols (methanol, ethanol) or ammonia or conventional synthetic refrigerants and / or additives or mixtures and / or suspensions thereof.

6. Plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatat least one heat sink and / or material sink (consumer) (6) - is coupled to the compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and / or the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) for supplying higher temperatures in the range from 40 °C to 800 °C and / or - is coupled to the steam / liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) for supplying lower temperatures in the range from 20 °C to 400 °C.

7. A method for supplying energy and / or material to at least one consumer (6) using a system according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one working substance (A1, A2) in the form of steam / gas from the steam / liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) is compressed by means of at least one compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and / or at least one compressor stage by means of vapor compression, thereby increasing the temperature of the working substance (A1, A2), and loading (B1, B2) of at least one high-temperature storage device (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) takes place with the working substance (A1, A2) having an increased temperature, and the working substance (A1, A2) is fed back into the steam / liquid storage device (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) in a circuit, wherein Steam / liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and / or the compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and / or the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) the working substance (A1, A2) is used to supply energy and / or material to at least one heat sink and / or material sink / consumer (6) and / or to convert it back into electricity.

8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the working substance (A1, A2) is returned to the steam / liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) after at least one expansion (reduction of pressure).

9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by - that a loading (B1, B2) and / or a material supply via B1V and / or R or a discharge (E1, E2, E3) of the steam / liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) and / or a material removal via V simultaneously or staggered in time and that a multi-stage compression of one or more working materials (A1, A2) takes place and / or - thata multi-stage expansion of one or more high-temperature storage tanks (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) with several expansion devices and / or with several pressure loss-generating components (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) or a decentralized expansion in the high-temperature storage tank (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) with distributed throttling points (14) takes place.

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - that several consumers (6) are supplied simultaneously with different temperatures and / or with different mass flows via the steam / liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) and / or the compressor (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) and / or the high-temperature storage (4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4) and - thata loading (B1, B2) of the steam / liquid storage (2.1, 2.2, 2.3) takes place via at least one heat pump and / or via waste heat and / or renewable heat such as solar thermal energy, geothermal energy and / or environmental heat and / or via existing heating networks and / or process heat and / or at least one flow B1V and / or at least one return (R).

Images