Turning disc plough device as a multi-functional ground processing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a turning disc plough device (1) designed as a multi-functional ground processing tool, in which a sowing unit or a spreading unit for fertiliser is integrated. The turning disc plough device (1) comprises first (3) and second cutting elements (4) arranged on a plough beam (2) at least on one side, wherein the first and second cutting elements are each designed as a mountable or removable unit, in the form of a complete module attached to the plough beam (2) for turning a soil ridge. The first cutting element (3) is designed to be rotatable and in the form of a concave disc on one side, while the second cutting element (4) is designed as a rotatable disc or as a cutting blade (6). The complete module can be swivelled in terms of the two cutting elements (3, 4) for a second ploughing direction running opposite the first ploughing direction, in such a way that the camber and lead angle (7) of the first cutting element (3) are identical in the first and the second ploughing directions. In the region of the cutting elements (3, 4) of the respective complete module, supply openings (8) are provided for bulk material supplied from at least one container (9), which are fed with the bulk material via a line system integrated into the plough beam (2) and the bulk material can be introduced into the soil at a selectable depth with a positional adjustment of the supply openings (8).

Description

[0001] Reversible disc plough as a multifunctional soil cultivation device

[0002] The invention relates to a reversible disc plough device as a multi-function soil cultivation tool, by means of which the soil can be plowed and its crumb structure improved and at the same time seed, in particular seed for catch crop cultivation, or spreading material, in particular in the form of fertilizer, can be spread by means of a single furrow-by-furrow crossing of the soil to be plowed.

[0003] The intensive soil cultivation practiced today in agriculture for crop cultivation generally requires multiple visits to the soil to be worked. This usually takes place in several steps, with plowing being the first step, followed by harrowing and the application of seed and / or fertilizer. These cultivation processes are generally carried out one after the other, so that a corresponding visit to the soil to be worked must be made for each individual cultivation process. Attempts have already been made to reduce the number of visits, for example by attaching a harrowing unit to a conventional plough, especially a reversible plough, and allowing both cultivation devices to perform their respective functions in a single visit.

[0004] Today's standard smudge-head ploughs, when used as reversible ploughs, have smudge-head ploughshares arranged on both sides of a plough beam, with only one side or a row of ploughshares arranged one behind the other on the plough beam performing the ploughing task at a time. At the end of the furrow, the drive vehicle must be driven in the other, opposite direction and the reversible plough must be swiveled 180° so that the row of ploughshares arranged opposite each other on the plough beam is used for plowing in the reverse direction. This means, however, that one half of the plough is always pulled along empty, so to speak, which makes a smudge-head plough, or a plough with plough elements arranged on two opposite sides of the plough beam, unnecessarily heavy and leads to increased tractive forces and soil compaction. This places limits on the sustainability of soil cultivation.

[0005] In the context of the present invention, so-called disc ploughs are used as soil cultivation tools for separating, turning and crumbling a soil bar.

[0006] REPLACEMENT BLADE (RULE 26) uses systems in which the cutting of the side wall of the earth bar and the soil area from the furrow is carried out with separate cutting elements, each of which is coordinated with the other but performs the respective cutting task separately. By separating the two basic cutting tasks into two separate cutting elements, the respective cutting tasks can be performed in an optimized manner.

[0007] The two cutting elements are arranged one after the other in the plowing direction and can be designed to not only separate and turn the soil, but also to crumble the soil to be turned more effectively than with conventional moldboard or mouldboard plows. This not only creates better soil conditions for crop growth, but with these separate cutting elements optimized for the respective cutting task, the traction required to break up the soil can also be significantly reduced compared to mouldboard plows. This saves fuel, which makes a significant contribution to the sustainability of soil cultivation.

[0008] Often designed as reversible ploughs, disc plough soil cultivation tools, also known as disc ploughs, have a two-row design with either individually arranged pairs of cutting elements or pairs of cutting elements combined as a module on opposite sides of the plough beam. Ploughing or breaking up the soil is carried out by first drawing a furrow, then turning the drive machine in the reverse direction at the end of the field to be ploughed and pivoting the two-row plough so that the opposite cutting elements or plough modules are used for the forward furrow for the return furrow. The disadvantage here, too, is that only the ploughing or cultivation tools on one side of the two-row disc plough are in use at any one time, and the plough modules or pairs of cutting elements not in use are transported empty, so to speak.

[0009] DE 10 2017 102 683 A1 discloses a ploughing device with two cutting elements. This ploughing device has cutting elements arranged one behind the other in the plowing direction on a plough beam for cutting the side wall of a soil ridge and the other for cutting the bottom area of ​​the soil ridge. This allows the two plowing tasks to be not only performed separately but also to be performed separately and optimized, which can overall reduce the required pulling force when pulling this known ploughing device through the soil. Unlike conventional moldboard ploughs, this known plough offers significant advantages and already achieves excellent soil cultivation results for a wide variety of soils.DE 10 2019204256 A1 describes a soil cultivation device with plow modules arranged on both sides of the plow beam. These modules combine the two disc-shaped or disc-shaped and knife-like cutting elements, which are designed separately from each other, into a single plow module. The plow module is attached to the plow beam and can be disassembled and replaced with a new or repaired plow module for faster replacement. The basic structure corresponds to the one described above.

[0010] DE 10 2019217245 B3 describes a similar soil tillage unit with plough modules of the type mentioned above, in which the two cutting elements are designed to be adjustable relative to each other with regard to their angles, so that the respective plough modules of this described two-row reversible plough can be adapted to different soil conditions.

[0011] DE 10 2020205428 B3 describes a soil cultivation device as a reversible plough with two cutting elements combined to form a plough module, which corresponds in basic design to the one described above. Instead of a rotating disc for cutting the base of the soil ridge, the second cutting element is designed as a fixed blade. By adjusting the angle of attack of this blade, the soil penetration force and thus the depth of the soil to be ploughed or worked can be adjusted. A guide element is also arranged on the cutting blade, which provides caster stabilization relative to the direction of pull of the plough.

[0012] What all the known tillage devices and disc ploughs described above have in common is that the two-row reversible ploughs only plow with one row at a time, while the opposite row of plough modules is transported empty. This makes the corresponding tillage devices unnecessarily heavy, increases the pulling force, and leads to soil compaction.

[0013] The as yet unpublished patent application DE 102020211 919.8 describes a single-row soil tillage device in which the plough modules attached to the plough beam or a corresponding support require a 180° pivoting during reversing. However, the plough modules are only arranged on one side, so that the weight of the soil tillage device or disc plough is considerably lower, and thus the traction force and soil compaction are also reduced. Finally, the as yet unpublished document DE 102021 200 973.5 describes a compromise between a single-row and a double-row reversible plough, in which the first cutting element is arranged on only one side and the second cutting element, preferably in the form of a fixed blade, is provided on both sides.The first cutting element is plate-shaped and can be pivoted from one side to the opposite side for the purpose of changing direction in the opposite direction, so that with the two cutting elements that work the soil, a complete plough module is created by pivoting the first cutting element.

[0014] All of these well-known soil cultivation devices in the form of disc ploughs have the advantage that the soil can be optimally cultivated in terms of sustainability when plowing or tilling the soil.

[0015] The known disc ploughs have a very complex and compact construction, since the two cutting elements are matched to each other, must be adjustable to each other with regard to cutting and camber angle, ie direction of travel or angle of inclination, and must be able to work as a reversible plough, even in the sense of a single-row reversible plough.

[0016] Furthermore, a two-row reversible plough with ploughshares arranged one behind the other on both sides of the plough beam in the longitudinal direction thereof, in which a sowing unit is integrated, is known. This is described in DE 102017 114883 B4. This moldboard plough is mounted on the rear of a drive machine, to which a hopper is attached at the front. From this hopper, seed and / or fertilizer, particularly for catch crops, can be transported via lines to outlet openings located in the area of ​​the ploughshares. This allows, for example, the seed to be inserted into the soil at different depths simultaneously with plowing. The lines for the seed or fertilizer are routed via hoses from the front hopper to the moldboard plough, which is mounted behind the drive machine in the direction of travel.For this purpose, a separate frame is provided along the plough beam in which the hoses are laid and from which corresponding branches are provided so that the seed or fertilizer can be applied to the respective spots in the area of ​​the respective ploughshare. This is possible in principle with moldboard ploughs because the soil bar is cut laterally and separated from the ground and turned using just one single element, namely the moldboard. The available space can actually be used for an open support for the lines for seeding or fertilizer. With disc ploughs, such space is not available from the outset due to the complexity and compactness of the design. A disadvantage of attaching the hose system to the outside of the plough beam, as described in DE 10 2017 114 883 B4, is that the hoses can be damaged during rough plough operation, for example, when turning.

[0017] The present invention is therefore based on the object, compared to the prior art, of combining a disc plough with two separate cutting elements with a sowing unit, by means of which seed, in particular for catch crops or fertilizers, can be sown on the separately provided cutting elements during ploughing or tilling of the soil in such a way that they are not damaged by the rough soil tillage operation, even under the most varied working conditions.

[0018] This object is achieved with a reversible disc plough device as a multifunctional soil cultivation tool having the features according to claim 1, by such a reversible disc plough device having the features according to claim 12, and by a multifunctional soil cultivation tool having the features according to claim 13. Appropriate further developments are defined in the respective dependent claims.

[0019] According to the invention, the reversible disc plough device used as a multifunctional soil cultivation tool is provided with first and second cutting elements arranged at least on one side of a plough beam, wherein a first disc-shaped and a second cutting element are each combined as a complete module attached to the plough beam for turning a soil block into an assembleable or disassemblable unit. The first cutting element is hollow disc-shaped on one side and rotatable; the second cutting element is designed as a rotatable disc or as a fixed blade. Preferably, several complete modules are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the plough beam.The complete modules mounted on the plough beam are pivotable for a second ploughing direction opposite to the first ploughing direction, such that the camber and cutting angles of the first cutting element in the second ploughing direction are identical to those in the first. This requires very precise adjustment of the two cutting elements relative to each other and angular pivotability.

[0020] According to the invention, in the area of ​​the separate cutting elements of the respective complete module, feed openings for bulk material conveyed from at least one container are provided, which are fed with the bulk material, preferably in the form of seed and / or fertilizer, via a line system integrated in the plough beam, wherein the bulk material can be introduced into the soil to a selectable depth by adjusting the position of the feed openings with respect to the soil to be worked. It has now surprisingly been shown that for a reversible disc plough or a reversible disc plough device for the realization of a multi-functional soil cultivation tool, the line system can be integrated almost completely into the interior of the plough beam as well as into the interior of the holders for the two cutting elements, iein the plough modules, so that despite the great compactness and flexibility of the reversible disc ploughing device according to the invention, not only can the line system be accommodated in the reversible disc ploughing device, but it is also safely protected and integrated into the device, so that damage to the lines is excluded during rough soil cultivation operations and, in the case of a single-row reversible disc ploughing device, the line system does not hinder the plough modules when the modules are pivoted by approximately 180° when the ploughing direction is changed.

[0021] A conventional moldboard plough usually forms coarse clods during the turning process, i.e., when changing from the forward ploughing direction to the reverse ploughing direction, which is known as slating or ridge formation. These coarse clods generally lead to less crumbling, thus creating unfavorable germination conditions for the sown seed.

[0022] It has now surprisingly been shown that with the disc plough, which is also referred to in the literature as a "Huber plough", with its rotating cutting elements, the clods are continuously broken up by the design of the first cutting element as a hollow disc, thus achieving significantly better crumbling. This creates better seedbed preparation for the seed sown simultaneously with the reversible disc plough device according to the invention. This creates more rooting space and promotes more favorable and therefore faster seed germination. At the same time, the new single-row reversible disc plough device or single-row Huber plough variant, despite the corresponding pivoting arm technology and the very compact design of the plough modules, allows for very simple piping andHose routing for seed or fertilizer from the distributor head to the outlets on the cutting elements is achieved by integrating them into the actual structural elements of the reversible disc plough, such as the plough beam and brackets for the cutting elements combined into a complete module. This not only ensures a structural solution for accommodating the piping and routing of the hoses for supplying seed or fertilizer from the hopper to its introduction into the soil, but also creates appropriate protection for the piping and hoses against damage during plowing or soil cultivation. Almost all of the piping and hose arrangement from the distributor head to the outlets is protectively integrated into the elements of the reversible disc plough.The container may preferably be divided and have a partition so that different seeds can be present in the respective sub-containers.

[0023] Because the pivoting mechanism, i.e. the pivoting arm technology, of the new complete module has integrated outlets for the seed and fertilizer, different heights of the outlets relative to the soil to be worked can be achieved. This different height is also referred to as different horizons for the application of seed and / or fertilizer. This allows different bulk materials to be applied simultaneously to different depths. Due to the high degree of integration of the device according to the invention, not only ploughing with sowing in a single operation is possible, but also ploughing andThe soil is tilled to such an extent that the soil can be ploughed and crumbled much better than with a conventional moldboard plough, thus enabling significantly better germination conditions for sown seeds and, in other words, the distribution of fertilizer applied to the soil in an optimized manner. For sustainable soil cultivation, this combination of soil tillage and coordinated seed and fertilizer application is designed to save work steps, consume less fuel, and significantly reduce soil compaction, as the soil only needs to be passed over once for both operations. The reversible disc plough used here, according to the invention, is also significantly lighter from the outset, which also has a positive effect on soil compaction.

[0024] The design of the reversible disc plough device according to the invention as a single-row device, where "single-row" refers to the arrangement of complete modules consisting of both cutting elements on only one side of the plough beam, enables a reversible disc plough device that can be used functionally on both sides when combined with a seeding unit, which results in considerable savings in material and manufacturing costs. With a conventional moldboard plough, a single-row arrangement is not possible. This is because such a reversible plough always requires mirrored double equipment. A further advantage of the device according to the invention arises when, particularly with the combination of a fixed blade as the second cutting element and a cambered hollow disc as the first cutting element, a stone protection device is provided and the seed outlets are integrated into the module. The single-row design, i.e.The elimination of duplicate equipment saves 30 to 40% in material and thus also in weight. This multifunctional soil tillage tool according to the invention thus has a lower vertical integration, significantly simplifies handling of the plough for the farmer, and, thanks to its modular design and a quick-change system, also results in easier repair and replacement.

[0025] Preferably, the bulk material in the form of seed or fertilizer, optionally also as a mixture of seed and fertilizer, is pneumatically fed from a storage container to the feed openings by means of a blower. However, it is also possible to feed the bulk material mechanically from the storage container to the feed openings. For this purpose, appropriate screw conveyors are integrated into the pipes or hoses. The use of screw conveyors is more energy-efficient than blowers. In particular, flexible screw conveyors can be integrated into the bulk material lines.

[0026] Preferably, an adjustment device is provided by means of which the location of the feed opening can be adjusted with regard to its height relative to the ground, with regard to its exit angle or with regard to the arrangement relative to the front or rear of the respective cutting element.

[0027] It is particularly preferred if the line system is integrated into the plow beam or the mounting of the respective complete modules, at least over most of its length, up to the last section of the line system that has the feed openings. This provides reliable protection, and the line system cannot be damaged even when the single-row modules arranged on the plow beam are pivoted to the opposite side when the disc reversible plow device is pivoted in the reverse plowing direction.

[0028] Preferably, the first cutting element, which serves to cut a side region of a soil ridge, is attached to a first support structure, whereas the second cutting element, which is intended to cut the furrow bottom, is releasably attached to a second support structure, wherein the second cutting element trails the first cutting element in the plowing direction. Preferably, the first and second support structures, with their respective cutting elements, are combined to form a plow module in the sense of a complete module, which can be easily mounted on and removed from the plow beam using appropriate fastening devices.

[0029] In order to adapt to different soil qualities, it is further preferably provided that the distance between the first and the second cutting element is variable, ie adjustable accordingly.

[0030] Preferably, the second cutting element is designed as a fixed cutting blade with an adjustable angle of attack, which allows the force of the device to be pulled into the soil or lifted out of the soil. This angle of attack can be adjusted manually, mechanically, or automatically, so that changing soil properties can be accommodated accordingly during plowing.

[0031] It is particularly preferred that the entire module can be pivoted with respect to the plough beam and an additional pivot axis in a double pivoting manner, so that the camber and cutting angles of the first cutting element remain the same after pivoting. This allows the sowing of seed into the ploughed soil, which is achieved with the reverse ploughing direction, to be identical to that achieved with the forward ploughing direction. Preferably, the combination of reversible disc ploughing device and sowing unit is also possible and practical with a quasi-single-row reversible disc ploughing device or a modified single-row reversible disc ploughing device.The plough beam has, on opposite sides, knife-like second cutting elements arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the plough beam, whereby only the first cutting element can be pivoted from one side to the other relative to the second cutting element, as in the single-row reversible disc plough as a complete module, here separately. Thus, in its first position on a first side of the plough beam, the first cutting element, together with the second cutting element located there, forms a complete plough module. Once pivoted to the opposite side, it forms complete modules with the second cutting elements provided there on the opposite side. On each side of the plough module there is a half-module, so to speak, which becomes a complete module when the first, disc-shaped cutting element is pivoted.This also reduces mass to transport, reducing traction and soil compaction. The camber and cutting angles of the first cutting element are arranged in such a way that, after pivoting, the camber and cutting angles are identical for the reverse ploughing direction. With this design, almost the entire length of the piping or hoses for supplying seed and / or fertilizer is routed inside the plough beam or the support structure for the first or second cutting element, respectively, and is attached to the respective location where plowing is taking place.

[0032] According to yet another aspect of the invention, the reversible disc plough device according to the invention comprises, as an essential part of the multifunctional soil cultivation tool, complete plough modules arranged in a single row on a plough beam, each consisting of a first and a second cutting element, wherein the plough modules are mounted between a plough module carrier and a connection unit on a drive vehicle by means of a pivoting unit.This pivoting unit is designed to pivot twice, so that firstly a transition is created from one of two opposite plowing directions to the other of the plow module carriers from their first position to the opposite second position relative to the connecting unit, and additionally in the second position it is pivoted in an opposite pivoting direction relative to the pivot axis of the plow module carrier, so that the cutting edge and camber angles of the first cutting element are identical to these angles in the first position. The first pivot via the connecting unit has an angular range of approximately 180°, with the cutting elements being pivoted back around the second pivot axis, so that they can work the soil at the same angles as in the first position. In any case, however, it is a single-row, multi-function soil tillage tool in the form of a reversible disc plow device.In the area of ​​the cutting elements of each complete module, which are pivoted into their respective positions, there are feed openings for the bulk material conveyed from the hopper. This bulk material can be seed and / or fertilizer. The feed openings are fed with the bulk material via a pipe system integrated into the plow beam or the plow module carrier. The position of the feed openings relative to the soil to be plowed can be varied, allowing for a selectable depth at which the bulk material is to be introduced into the soil.

[0033] Further preferably, the reversible disc plow device, which is designed according to the aforementioned claims, has a stone safety device with which each plow module is provided. The stone safety device is designed as a spring-loaded overload safety device with a latching mechanism of a yoke supporting the second blade-like cutting element and with a trigger mechanism that acts as an overload safety device when a stone is present. The advantage of a stone safety device is that stones present in the ground, even larger ones, can pose a danger to the cutting elements during soil cultivation. However, if the forces acting on the cutting elements due to a stone are greater than those required to activate the overload safety device via the trigger mechanism, the respective cutting elements are pivoted away, so that the stone is, so to speak, "released".This prevents damage to the respective cutting elements. The pivoting away occurs in stages, with the yoke, for example, being pivoted away, being able to engage at each step. From the engaged position, it can be easily pivoted back into the working position.

[0034] According to another aspect of the invention, the reversible disc ploughing device configured as a disc ploughing device and a sowing and / or fertilizing device according to claims 1 to 12 is a multifunctional soil cultivation tool with a design such that the sowing and / or fertilizing device has a line system integrated into a plough beam or into the construction of the complete module. The seed and / or fertilizer are applied to the soil at the desired depth during ploughing, in one pass with the ploughing, with the drive vehicle supplying the corresponding power for the sowing and / or fertilizing device.The drive for the functioning of the sowing and / or fertilizing device with the valves and, for example, a blower or flexible conveyor screws can be implemented pneumatically, electrically or even mechanically, whereby this energy is supplied via the drive vehicle to the drives of the respective units of the sowing and / or fertilizing device.

[0035] To prevent the multifunctional soil cultivation tool or reversible disc plough attachment from drifting out of the plowing direction when ploughing and thus pulling through the soil, the reversible disc plough attachment preferably has a tracking stabilization feature on the second cutting element. This tracking stabilization ensures that the reversible disc plough attachment maintains its direction by compensating for lateral forces while pulling through the soil and prevents its tendency to drift out of the initially set angle.

[0036] Further preferably, the second cutting element designed as a cutting blade is angled backwards in such a way that a dynamic equilibrium of forces is created between the first and the second cutting element in the sense of the trailing stabilization designed as a contact plate supported on the furrow wall.

[0037] Further specific embodiments, details, and features of the invention will now be explained in detail using exemplary embodiments. The drawing shows: Figure 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment according to the invention with a first cutting element pivotable relative to a yoke and a piping system integrated into the structure for bulk material supplied during plowing;

[0038] Figure 2 shows a further embodiment with a first cutting element which can be pivoted hydraulically with respect to cutting blades arranged on both sides of the plough beam and with a line system for the bulk material (not shown);

[0039] Figure 3 shows an embodiment according to Figure 2, in which several first cutting elements arranged one behind the other on the plough beam can be pivoted synchronously to one another via a linkage, the line system also not being shown for the sake of simplicity;

[0040] Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of a single-row reversible disc plough with double pivoting; in which, for the sake of simplicity, the piping system is also not shown;

[0041] Figure 5 shows the embodiment according to Figure 1 with additional stone protection; and

[0042] Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a drive vehicle in the form of a tractor, to which the reversible disc plough device can be coupled in the rear area and a container for seed and / or fertilizer is attached to the front of the tractor, from which container a line system is led to the coupled reversible disc plough device.

[0043] Figure 1 shows a first embodiment according to the invention, in which a single-row reversible disc ploughing device 1 is provided with a line system 10 that is almost completely integrated into the construction of the reversible disc ploughing device 1. In this embodiment, the reversible disc ploughing device 1 has four complete modules, each pivotable about a pivot axis 23 with respect to the plough beam 2. The yokes 22 carry second cutting elements 4 designed as cutting blades 6 at their ends. On the side of the convex curve, the yokes have recesses that serve as latches 21 for an overload protection device 20 designed as a stone protection device. The function of the stone protection device is described in more detail in connection with Figure 5.This exemplary embodiment of a reversible disc plough device 1 with a single-row design of the plough modules has separate cutting elements for a respective task, combined into a complete module 5, for turning and crumbling the soil 30 (see Figure 6) by means of a first cutting element 3 and a second cutting element 4. While the first cutting element 3 is intended for cutting the side wall of a soil beam and turning the soil beam due to its hollow disc-like curvature and the resulting crumbling in conjunction with the crowning provided on the edges, the second cutting element 4, designed as a cutting blade 6, serves to cut the base or bottom of the soil beam.

[0044] The basic principle of this embodiment of the reversible disc plough device 1 is that it is a quasi-single-row disc plough. Quasi-single-row means that the yoke 22 provides first cutting elements 3 on both sides of the second cutting elements 4, which are provided on opposite sides of the plough beam 2, but only on one side. A complete module is formed by the first cutting element 3, which is pivotable relative to the yoke 22 and thus also relative to the plough beam 2, always being pivoted to the side of the yoke 22 that is in engagement with the soil for plowing.

[0045] When, after plowing in one direction has been completed, the drive vehicle 18 is then turned to plough in the reverse direction, the reversible disc ploughing device 1 is rotated by approximately 180° so that the cutting blade 6, which is mounted opposite the yoke 22 as the second cutting element, can now be brought into engagement with the ground, wherein the first cutting element 3 is then pivoted to the side of the yoke 22 which has been brought into engagement with the ground for the reverse ploughing. Also due to the fact that with the single-row reversible disc ploughing device 1, i.e. a quasi-single-row device, this ploughing device can be made particularly light and, in the interest of sustainability, thus requires less traction and less soil compaction, the first cutting element 3 is only formed once and is pivoted into the respective working position during plowing to the respective cutting blade 6 that is plowing.

[0046] Due to the mobility and compactness of both the yoke 22 and the first cutting element 3, in conjunction with the fact that a stone protection device 19, 20, 21 is preferably also attached to the reversible disc ploughing device 1 according to the invention, which has further movable parts (see Figure 5), it is in principle by no means trivial to attach a sowing unit or a spreading unit for bulk material such as fertilizer to the reversible disc ploughing device 1. This exemplary embodiment according to the invention therefore has a line system that is almost completely integrated into the interior of the structure of the reversible disc ploughing device 1. The main line of the line system 10 is located in the plough beam 2 and is therefore very well protected from external influences and from the mobility of the cutting elements 3, 4 and other elements on the disc ploughing device.From the main line provided inside the plow beam 2, branches (not shown separately) are provided on the respective complete modules 5. These branches extend from the plow beam 2 into the pivot axes 23 of the yoke 22, also inside the module, and are directed on both sides of the yoke 22 toward the plowed, turned, or crumbled soil. The feed openings 8 represent the outlets for the seed and / or fertilizer, which are conveyed via the line system 10. Due to the pivotability of the outlets or feed openings 8, the direction of discharge of the bulk material and thus also its depth or horizon within the turned soil can be adjusted.

[0047] The combination of the reversible disc plough 1 with a sowing unit, which is almost completely housed within the structure of the disc plough, ensures both plowing and sowing, in particular of catch crops or the introduction of fertilizer into the soil, in a single pass over the soil 30, in a metered feed opening 8 that can be variably aligned to the soil for the purpose of even distribution. If larger stones are encountered, the yokes 22 can pivot about their pivot axis 23, which occurs against a spring-loaded resistance in the locking mechanism 21 when the spring-induced locking force is exceeded. The yokes 22 can thus deflect, so that damage due to stones in the soil, as could be the case with non-pivoting yokes, does not occur.

[0048] The 180° pivoting of this quasi-single-row reversible disc plough 1 is achieved via a connecting unit 17, which is provided for coupling to the drive vehicle (not shown), around the pivot axis 14. This pivot axis 14 is aligned in the plowing direction, whereas the plough beam 2 is pivoted laterally thereto so that, with the multiple complete modules 5 arranged side by side, a larger area can be plowed in one pass over the soil. This represents the cutting width of the plough, which is adjustable to a certain extent. The combination of the quasi-single-row reversible disc plough 1 with a seed drill creates a multifunctional soil cultivation tool that is particularly sustainable, since plowing and sowing are possible in one pass over the soil 30.

[0049] Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of a quasi single-row reversible disc plough device 1. The basic structure and principle of this embodiment corresponds to that shown in Figure 1. However, there are no yokes; instead, the second cutting elements 4, which are designed in the form of cutting blades 6, are provided on both sides of the plough beam 2 in the sense of a half-module. The cutting blades 6 are in principle adjustable in terms of their angle of attack. The first cutting elements 3, which are also provided in the manner of hollow discs with a crown, are only provided once and can be pivoted via a pivot axis 26 from one working position, which is shown in Figure 2, to the second position, which is at the top in Figure 2. A hydraulic adjusting cylinder is provided for the pivoting. Of course, this adjusting cylinder 25 can also be driven electrically or pneumatically, for example.The pivotability about the pivot axis 26 is indicated in the illustrated embodiment by the double-arrow partial circular arc characterizing the pivoting direction. The first cutting element 3 is provided with a pivot arm 15 for the purpose of pivoting about the pivot axis 26, which pivot arm is extended so far beyond the pivot axis 26 in the radial direction of the first cutting element 3 that the adjusting cylinder 25 can engage the end of the pivot arm 15 opposite the first cutting element 3, thereby generating a corresponding adjusting torque when the first cutting element 3 is pivoted into the working position opposite the shown working position. In a manner analogous to the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 1, the reversible disc ploughing device 1 is connected to the drive vehicle (not shown) via the connecting unit 17, wherein the reversible disc ploughing device 1 can be pivoted about the pivot axis 14 by approximately180°. For the sake of clarity, the line system 10 is not shown. It is also integrated into the construction of the device 1 in the sense that it was described for the embodiment according to Figure 1. In this embodiment too, just as in the embodiment according to Figure 1, the respective complete modules 5 have a first cutting element 3, a second cutting element 4, which is preferably designed in the form of a cutting blade 6, a stone protection device (20, 21, 23, 24) and outlets in the form of feed openings 8 in the respective module. Because the line system 10 for the seed or for fertilizer is almost completely integrated into the construction of the reversible disc plough device 1, namely is arranged in its interior, it is possible to work either with quasi single-row devices or with disc plough devices that are completely designed as a single-row.

[0050] Figure 3 shows an embodiment which is similar to that according to Figure 2, but differs in its basic structure from the embodiment according to Figure 2 only in that the pivot arms 15 are connected to an adjustment rod 27 at the points at which the adjustment cylinder 25 is arranged in Figure 2, so that when pivoting the first cutting elements 3 from the upper position shown in Figure 3 into the lower position, which is intended for plowing, they can be pivoted simultaneously without synchronization of the adjustment mechanisms for pivoting the first cutting elements 3 from the previous to the current working position being necessary.Likewise, for the purpose of simplification, the line system 10 for seed and / or fertilizer is not shown, but corresponds to the principles according to Figure 1, so that here too in the embodiment according to Figure 3 the complete module 5 consists of the first cutting element 3, the second cutting element 4, the stone protection, which is also not shown for the sake of simplicity, and the feed openings 8, which are all integrated into the complete module 5.

[0051] Another embodiment of a reversible disc plough device 1 is shown in Figure 4. This is a single-row reversible disc plough device 1, which has modules consisting of a first 3 and a second cutting element 4 on only one side of a plough module carrier 16. For the sake of simplicity, the line system 10 is not shown here either, but is also largely laid inside the structure in accordance with the principles described in connection with Figure 1. The main line is laid from the connection unit 17 via its connection to the plough module carrier 16 into the interior of this plough module 16, where it has branches which are guided through the cutting elements 3 and 4 inside the support structure of the respective complete modules to the location of the plowing process.For the sake of simplicity, the stone protection is also omitted here; it is shown in detail in Figure 5 in connection with the embodiment according to Figure 1.

[0052] In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, two pivot axes 13, 14 are required for the single-row reversible disc plough assembly 1. This ensures that the leading and camber angles can be maintained in the return ploughing direction when pivoting the single-row complete modules by approximately 180° when switching from the forward ploughing direction to the reverse ploughing direction using the drive vehicle 18. The complete modules 5 with the cutting elements 3, 4 are attached via so-called beams 28, which connect the complete modules 5 to the plough module carrier 16. The plough module carrier 16 can pivot about its pivot axis 13. Furthermore, the pivoting can be pivoted by approximately 180° about the pivot axis 14 of the reversible disc ploughing device 1 during the transition from the forward ploughing direction to the reverse ploughing direction via the connection unit 17 on the drive vehicle 18 (not shown).To ensure that the leading edge 7 and camber angles of the single-row disc ploughing device for the return ploughing device are identical to those of the forward ploughing direction, after pivoting about the pivot axis 14, the plough module carrier 16 pivots back about the longitudinal axis or pivot axis 13 so that the leading edge 7 and camber angles of the cutting elements 3, 4 can be set identically to those of the forward ploughing direction. For better understanding, the leading edge angle 7 and the ploughing direction 29 are indicated by corresponding arrows.

[0053] The embodiment according to Figure 5 shows the mechanism for stone protection on the quasi single-row reversible disc ploughing device 1 according to Figure 1. The yoke 22 has the second cutting element 4, designed as a cutting blade 6, at both ends. This yoke 22 has recesses for locking mechanisms 21 on its convex outer side, into which a spring-loaded locking mechanism engages. The spring force, which presses the stone protection mechanism into the recess or locking mechanism 21, is of such a magnitude that a normal plowing process, which, according to the position shown in Figure 5, occurs with the second cutting elements 3 pivoted downwards, can be carried out. If larger stones 31, in particular, are encountered, these would result in damage to the complete modules 5 without the ability to pivot them, which would necessitate the replacement of the complete module 5.Although the complete replacement of a module in the event of damage is a relatively quick repair, avoiding damage is definitely the better approach. For this reason, a stone protection device in the form of an overload protection device 20 with a corresponding trigger mechanism is provided to protect against stones. The overload protection device 20 forming the trigger mechanism is held securely in the latch 21 with adjustable hydraulic or preferably spring preload up to a trigger, i.e. a trigger pressure point, so that the overload protection device 20 is only pushed out of the latch 21 when the holding force caused by the spring is exceeded. This allows the overload protection device 20 to deflect with its slide runner 24 on the convex rear side of the yoke 22 and, if necessary, to be guided to the next latch 21.By deflecting the complete module 5 in the event of resistance due, for example, to a stone 31, it is avoided that the stone causes damage, in particular to the cutting elements 3, 4. When the complete module 5 is pivoted, this means that the first cutting element 3, the second cutting element 4, the stone protection device and also the feed openings 8, i.e. the seed or fertilizer outlets, are almost completely integrated into the module, so that even when they are pivoted, damage to the line system 10 (also not shown in Figure 5 for the sake of simplicity) is ruled out.When the stone 31 has been overcome, for example, by all complete modules 5 by pulling the reversible disc ploughing device 1 by the drive vehicle 18 (not shown), the individual pivoted complete modules 5 are returned to the locking or starting position hydraulically, mechanically or by the weight of the entire complete module unit, preferably with a pivot arm, the carriage with its carriage skid 24 with the locking roller, which is provided to engage in the locking mechanism 21 in the locked state.

[0054] In principle, it is also possible for the stone protection to be implemented using hydraulic cylinders with corresponding pressure control in the form of a memory cylinder. In such a system, there is a pressure increase in the system, whereby this excess pressure causes a pivoting out and, after driving over the problem area in the form of a stone 31, a hydraulic pivoting back again. In principle, the stone protection can also be designed from a combination of hydraulic and mechanical components. An overall better rollover behavior such as that of a stone 31 is achieved, for example, by making the gap between the cutting blade 6 and the first cutting element 3 smaller. In principle, it can be stated that the reversible disc plough device with its complete modules can, for example, roll over stones better and more easily.

[0055] This design and the provision of such a stone protection system offer a significant advantage over a conventional moldboard plough. With conventional moldboard ploughs, the hook profile can easily catch on the stone, making it more likely to be damaged than when using a reversible disc plough device 1 according to the invention.

[0056] Finally, Figure 6 shows a drive vehicle 18 in the form of a tractor, which, according to the basic illustration, has the connection unit 17 on the rear for connecting the drive vehicle to the reversible disc plough device 1, and a possibly subdivided container 9 is attached to the front of the drive vehicle 18. Dashed lines indicate that such a container 9 can also be attached to the rear of the drive vehicle 18 above the connection unit 17. From the container 9, the line system 10 is guided on the outside of the drive vehicle 18 to the reversible disc plough device 1, where the line system 10 is then inserted or integrated into the interior of the reversible disc plough device 1.The piping system 10 can be routed from the container 9 to the inlet of the reversible disc ploughing device 1 on the outside of the drive vehicle 18, where it is likely to be protected from the harsh operating conditions immediately during ploughing, so that the integration of the piping system 10 relates to the integration into the reversible disc ploughing device 1. Indicated in Figure 6 is the ground 30 on which the drive vehicle 18 travels, which in the case of ploughing is the soil to be ploughed or broken up.

[0057] All embodiments, which are designed either as single-row disc plough devices or as quasi single-row disc plough devices, have the feature that the stone protection in the form of the overload protection 20 and the feed openings 8 in the form of seed or fertilizer outlets are integrated into the complete module 5 comprising the two cutting elements 3, 4.

[0058] List of reference symbols:

[0059] 1 reversible disc plough device

[0060] 2 plow tree

[0061] 3 first cutting element

[0062] 4 second cutting element

[0063] 5 Complete module

[0064] 6 cutting blades

[0065] 7 Cutting angle

[0066] 8 feed openings

[0067] 9 containers

[0068] 10 Pipeline system

[0069] 11 first support structure

[0070] 12 second support structure

[0071] 13 Pivoting axis of the plough module carrier

[0072] 14 Swivel axis reversible disc plough device

[0073] 15 Swivel arm first cutting element

[0074] 16 plow module carriers

[0075] 17 Connection unit

[0076] 18 Drive vehicle, tractor

[0077] 19 spring

[0078] 20 Overload protection

[0079] 21 Locking

[0080] 22 yoke

[0081] 23 Swivel axis for outlet

[0082] 24 sled runners

[0083] 25 adjusting cylinders

[0084] 26 Swivel axis first cutting element

[0085] 27 adjustment rods

[0086] 28 Grindel

[0087] 29 Ploughing direction

[0088] 30 Soil

[0089] 31 stone

Claims

REQUIREMENTS 1. Reversible disc plow device (1) with first (3) and second cutting elements (4) arranged at least on one side of a plow beam (2), the first and second cutting elements (3, 4) each forming a mountable or dismountable unit as a complete module (5) attached to the plow beam (2) for reversing a soil strip, wherein the first cutting element (3) is concave on one side and rotatable, and the second cutting element (4) is designed as a rotatable disc or as a cutting knife (6), and the complete module (5) is pivotable for a second plowing direction opposite to a first plowing direction such that the fall and cut angles (7) of the first cutting element (3) are identical in the second plowing direction, characterized in that feed openings (8) for bulk material conveyed from at least one container (9) are provided in the area of ​​the cutting elements (3, 4) of the respective complete module (5).which are supplied with the bulk material via a pipe system (10) integrated into the plow beam (2) and by adjusting the position of the feed openings (8) the bulk material can be introduced into the ground to at least a selectable depth.

2. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the bulk material is seed or fertilizer and can be pneumatically supplied from a storage container (9) to the feed openings (8) by means of a blower.

3. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the bulk material can be mechanically fed from the container (9) to the feed openings (8).

4. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that a flexible auger is arranged in the conduit system (10).

5. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the feed openings (8) are adjustable with respect to their position with regard to height, angle, front or back of the respective cutting element (3, 4) by means of an adjusting device.

6. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the piping system (10) is integrated into the plow beam (2) at least over most of its length.

7. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first cutting element (3) provided for cutting a side area of ​​a soil slab is detachably attached to a first support structure (11) and the second cutting element (4) cutting a furrow bottom is detachably attached to a second support structure (12) and the second cutting element (4) follows the first cutting element in the plowing direction, wherein by means of the first and the second support structure (11 , 12) both cutting elements (3, 4) are combined to form a complete module (5).

8. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the distance between the first (3) and the second cutting element (4) is adjustable.

9. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the second cutting element (4) is a stationary cutting blade (6).

10. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the complete module (5) is pivotable with respect to the plow beam (2) about a longitudinal axis (13) and an additional pivot axis (14) so ​​that the camber and cut angles (7) of the first cutting element (3) remain the same after pivoting.

11. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one first cutting element (3) can be pivoted from a first position on a first side of the plow beam (2), in which it is arranged with respect to the knife-like second cutting elements (4) such that each second cutting element (4) and the first cutting element (3) together form a complete module (5) for plowing in one plowing direction, to a second position on a second side opposite the first side of the plow beam (2) by means of a pivoting arm (15), in which the second cutting element (4), forming a half-module, forms a complete module (5) after the first cutting element (3) has been pivoted, which on the second side can be reversed towards the ground such that, in a reversible plowing direction opposite to the plowing direction, the ground with the same camber and cut angle (7) of the first cutting element (3) is plowingable. Reversible disc plow device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that each complete module (5) has a stone protection device, which is designed as an overload protection device (20) having a spring (19) with a detent (21) of a yoke (22) carrying the second, knife-like cutting element (4) and with a release mechanism for the overload protection device (20) that is actuated when a stone (23) is present. Reversible disc plow device (1), in which complete modules (5) consisting of first and second cutting elements (3, 4) are arranged in a single row on a plow beam (2) and a pivoting unit (19) is arranged between a plow module carrier (16) and a connection unit (17) on a drive vehicle (18), which is designed to pivot in such a way as to be double pivoting,that, during the transition from one of two opposite plowing directions to the other, the plow module carrier (16) is pivotable from its first position to the opposite second position with respect to the connecting unit (17) and, in addition, is pivotable in the second position in the opposite pivoting direction relative to the pivot axis (13) of the plow module carrier (16) such that the cutting and camber angles (7) of the first cutting element (3) are identical to these angles in the first position, characterized in that, in the area of ​​the cutting elements (3, 4) of the respective complete module (5) pivoted into the respective position, feed openings (8) for bulk material conveyed from at least one container (9) are provided,which are supplied with bulk material via a piping system (10) integrated into the plow beam (2) or the plow module carrier (16), and by adjusting the position of the feed openings (8) the bulk material can be introduced into the soil to at least a selectable depth. Multifunctional soil cultivation implement, consisting of a reversible disc plow device (1) according to claims 1 to 12 and a seeding and / or fertilizing device (8, 9, 10), by means of which, using a drive vehicle (18), plowing of soil and application of seed or fertilizer into the soil can be carried out in one pass and at desired depths in the soil, wherein the drive vehicle (18) supplies energy for the seeding and / or fertilizing device (8, 9, 10). Multifunctional soil cultivation implement according to claim 14, characterized in that the reversible disc plow device (1) has a trailing stabilization mechanism. Multifunctional soil cultivation implement according to claim 15, characterized in that the second cutting element (4), designed as a cutting blade (6), is angled rearward such that a dynamic force equilibrium is created between the first (3) and the second cutting element (4) in the sense of the trailing stabilization mechanism designed as a support plate bearing against the furrow wall.

Images