Method for producing a stator of a dynamoelectric machine
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2023723197
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-05-24
- Filing Date
- 2023-05-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-29
AI Technical Summary
Current methods for cooling the winding head of a dynamoelectric machine stator are complex and inefficient, limiting the performance class of low-voltage motors due to inadequate heat dissipation, especially in high-power applications, and require costly and time-consuming processes like hot-dipping and potting.
A method involving a thermally conductive housing with a circumferential gap filled by a rheology-optimized casting compound, which is dispensed between the winding head and the housing, providing direct thermal connection and efficient heat dissipation without the need for internal mandrels or high-temperature processing.
This approach simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces material and energy costs, and enhances thermal heat dissipation, allowing for higher performance classes and longer service life with improved cost-effectiveness.
Smart Images

Figure 1.1
Abstract
Description
[0001] Description
[0002] Method for producing a stator of a dynamoelectric machine
[0003] The invention relates to a method for producing a stator of a dynamoelectric rotary machine, as well as to a dynamoelectric rotary machine with such a stator and to the use of such a dynamoelectric rotary machine.
[0004] Dynamoelectric machines have a stator with a magnetically conductive body. In this body, in particular an axially layered laminated core, a winding system is provided in essentially axially running slots which point to a rotor. When the dynamoelectric machine is in operation, this winding system causes the rotor to rotate through electromagnetic interaction with the rotor. The winding system has electrical conductors, which are, for example, round enamelled wires. These wires are positioned in the respective slot in a variety of ways, for example by drawing in or trickling in. Winding overhangs are formed on the end faces of the stator.
[0005] The varnish on the wires corresponds to the main insulation in the application range of low-voltage motors, e.g., up to 1 kV. Nevertheless, a further impregnation, or potting, is usually carried out for further mechanical strengthening and passivation against external influences.
[0006] Dynamoelectric rotary machines in the low-voltage range <l kV in der Leistungsklassen 0 , 5kW bis 2000kW werden aus Kostengründen mittels Kalttauchverfahren, bzw . Heißtauchverf ahren ( z . B . Strom-UV-Verf ahren) imprägniert . Hierbei werden die Statoren in ein Becken mit Flüssigharz getaucht und im Anschluss thermisch gehärtet . Die geometrischen Zwischenräume der Wicklung in der Nut des Stators werden hierbei überwiegend mit Harz gefüllt und somit verfestigt , elektrisch zusätzlich isoliert und thermisch mit dem Blechpaket verbunden .
[0007] The winding heads, i.e. the necessary conductor strands that connect the active areas of the conductors in the slots, are located in the front areas of the stators. Before the impregnation process, the winding heads are further coated with insulating materials (e.g., insert paper) to electrically insulate the different electrical phases of the dynamo-electric machine from one another. Furthermore, the winding head is pressed into shape, compressed, and bandaged to ensure that it adheres to specified geometric dimensions and does not exceed a specified axial length.
[0008] The winding overhangs are only thermally connected to the housing via an intermediate space filled with air. Heat dissipation of the winding overhang is therefore extremely inadequate via the thermal contact transitions from the winding to the air and further from the air to the housing. This is a critical factor that limits the performance class of a motor, as so-called hotspots can occur, particularly in the winding overhang. The comparatively high current in the winding system and the additional geometric and mechanical compression and fixing of the winding system in the winding overhang create areas that become significantly hotter than those within the stator slots. Heat dissipation in the stator slots via the surrounding iron sheet is very efficient.
[0009] Within a low-voltage motor, possible cooling of the winding head is achieved by using non-variable-speed impellers mounted directly on the shaft. These impellers drive air convection proportional to the motor speed, so that the winding head is surrounded by convective air. However, this ventilation has a negative impact on the motor's performance and efficiency and is complex in terms of manufacturing and product technology, as well as being comparatively costly.
[0010] If better heat dissipation properties are necessary due to higher performance requirements of the dynamoelectric machine, the winding head must be thermally connected to the housing by means of a "winding head casting".
[0011] In addition to the material costs, the process costs of winding head potting are much more significant because the impregnated stators have to be removed from the standard production flow and prepared for winding head potting using potting molds (first one side, then the other). This involves a type of internal mandrel being positively inserted into the internal bore of the stator and the stator being heated to an elevated temperature if necessary (e.g. 80 °C to improve the flowability of the potting compound). The potting compound is then poured into the encased winding head reservoir. The compound is then heated for several hours at approx.
[0012] Hardened in a hot-air oven, for example, up to 150 °C. After hardening and cooling, the other winding head side is processed in the same way.
[0013] After the two individual processes, the potting body thus encloses both winding heads, both radially inside and outside, whereas the heat flow in a closed motor is predominantly radially outward toward the housing. The complete enclosure is actually a process-related phenomenon, since the inner mandrel serves as the housing wall of the potting compound and must be removed and cleaned afterward.
[0014] In summary, this is a very complex manufacturing process that consumes time, energy, and material costs. Furthermore, this manufacturing process results in unnecessary material in the motor that is irrelevant to its functionality. DE 693 07 422 T2 discloses an electric motor that features a fully cast winding system using cores.
[0015] From DE 199 57 942 CI a high-frequency motor spindle is known, the winding head of which is surrounded by a U-shaped hollow body, with a free space between the winding head and the hollow body being cast out.
[0016] From DE 199 02 837 CI a rotating electrical machine is known whose winding head is thermally coupled to a support body via thermal bridges, wherein the thermal bridge has a solid ring and a cast resin body.
[0017] However, the known solutions listed for cooling the winding head of a stator of a dynamoelectric rotary machine are comparatively complex, especially when it comes to dynamoelectric machines that are to be produced in larger quantities.
[0018] Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object, among others, of creating a dynamoelectric machine which, with comparatively low manufacturing expenditure, has sufficient cooling, in particular good thermal heat dissipation of the winding head of a stator of a dynamoelectric machine.
[0019] The solution to the problem is achieved by a method for producing a stator of a dynamoelectric rotary machine by the following steps:
[0020] Arranging a winding system in a magnetically conductive body, in particular an axially layered laminated core in grooves facing an inner bore in such a way that a winding head is arranged on each end face of the magnetically conductive body,
[0021] - rotationally fixed connection of the magnetically conductive body to a, in particular heat-conducting, housing, wherein the housing extends axially on both sides of the laminated core of the stator at least to the axially outer edge of the respective winding head, whereby in the region of the winding heads a circumferential gap is established between a radial outer side of the winding head and an inner edge of the housing,
[0022] - Filling this circumferential gap between the radial outer side of the winding head and the inner edge of the housing with a potting compound, with at least one rheology-optimized additive, so that a thermal connection of the winding head to the housing is achieved
[0023] The solution to the stated problem is also achieved by a dynamoelectric rotary machine, with a stator with a magnetically conductive body, in particular an axially layered laminated core, wherein a winding system is arranged in slots facing an inner bore of the stator, which winding system forms a winding head on each end face of the magnetically conductive body, wherein a rotationally fixed connection is provided between the magnetically conductive body and a particularly heat-conducting housing, wherein the housing extends axially on both sides of the magnetically conductive body of the stator at least as far as the axially outer edge of the respective winding head, wherein the gap present in the region of the winding heads between a radial outer side of the winding head and an inner edge of the housing is filled by means of a casting compound with at least one rheology-optimized additive,so that a thermal connection of the winding head to the housing is established, and a rotor, whereby the stator and rotor are spaced apart by an air gap.
[0024] The stator's winding system is considered to be the entirety of the electrical conductors, including any insulation. The conductors can be preformed coils, round or flat wires, with or without insulation. This also includes single-, three-, or multi-phase systems. In terms of winding technology, this also includes tooth-wound coil technology as well as chorded or loop windings. The decisive factor is always that the winding head formed by any winding system is thermally coupled directly to a housing.
[0025] According to the invention, the winding head is thermally bonded to a housing surrounding the winding head. This is achieved through a targeted dispensing process of the thermally conductive, flowable compound into a circumferential gap between the winding head and the housing. The thermally conductive potting compound is characterized by the following process-optimized properties.
[0026] The casting compound is a molding material filled with thermally conductive particles (reactive resin, e.g. epoxy, polyurethane or polyester). Depending on the desired thermal conductivity and desired price level of the molding material, the filler particles are made of quartz powder, fused quartz, boron nitride or aluminum oxide, among others, and are dispersed in the matrix (reactive resin) as microparticles in an optimized grain size distribution, so that the molding compound is as thin and flowable as possible. The filler content in the matrix is between 20 and 70 vol.%, depending on the desired flowability at processing temperature.
[0027] In addition to being filled with the thermally conductive particles mentioned above, the potting compound contains a rheology-optimizing additive. This additive causes the flowability of the potting compound to take on thixotropic and pseudoplastic properties. As the shear rate increases (which occurs when it is dispensed using an automatic dispensing device or a dosing unit), the viscosity decreases significantly. Subsequently, at lower shear rates, the viscosity returns to significantly higher levels. This makes it possible to gradually fill the area, particularly the gap between the winding head and the housing, of the vertically positioned stator using a dosing unit equipped for this purpose. The flowing potting compound reduces its viscosity due to the shear forces that occur during dispensing, spreads evenly over the target area and forms a positive fit around the individual wires of the winding head.
[0028] As the flow process between the groove outlets becomes increasingly slower, the viscosity increases due to the decreasing shear forces, which leads to the flow front between the groove outlets solidifying on its own.
[0029] Filling / pouring the space between the winding head and the housing is therefore possible without additional housing, i.e. an inner mandrel for the inner bore of the stator.
[0030] A typical example of a thixotropic additive is fumed silica (silica gel), which is dispersed in the casting compound (0.1-1 wt.%) to obtain these required properties.
[0031] Another material property of the potting compound is that it is a two-component reactive resin that is mixed in-situ in the dosing unit (resin and hardener component). This ensures that the potting compound sets within a comparatively short time (a few hours to just a few minutes) without any additional heat input. The basic viscosity of the potting compound increases due to the chemical network formation to such an extent that the production flow is not interrupted, allowing continued work on the stator or dynamoelectric machine.
[0032] Introducing heat into this process would reduce viscosity and thus be impractical, as the potting compound, without a housing or inner mandrel, would otherwise migrate between the groove exits and flow into the inner radius, i.e., the inner bore of the stator. The goal is then to cure the stator in the housing at room temperature within 24 hours, which can be achieved, for example, using a two-component epoxy with amine hardener components.
[0033] With the invention mentioned here, the process of thermally connecting the winding head to the housing can be designed significantly more cost-effectively in terms of cycle times, energy input (room temperature) and process complexity than with conventional connections known from the state of the art.
[0034] Thus, achieving higher performance classes or longer service life of a dynamoelectric machine with the same electrical and thermal load can be produced much more cost-effectively.
[0035] According to the invention, the combination of the following parameters leads to a tool-free casting of the stator of a dynamoelectric machine.
[0036] The potting compound is thixotropic and highly filled, resulting in a high basic viscosity under shear and an even higher resting viscosity after a few seconds / minutes of rest. This allows the potting compound to flow and nestle pore-free into the area between the outer radius of the winding head and the housing. The areas between the slot exits are filled, with a "solidifying" flow front being created due to the thixotropy, so that no tool in the form of a shell-shaped potting mold is required in the area of the stator bore (i.e., no potting compound to be sealed escapes at the inner radius of the winding head).
[0037] The potting material consists of a highly reactive system that gels at room temperature and thus loses its flowability (preferably 2K, ideally curing within several hours / a few days). This avoids the need for an increase in temperature for gelation / curing, which would inevitably lead to a reduction in viscosity and would necessitate another potting mold for sealing.
[0038] The invention and further advantageous embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments shown in principle, in which:
[0039] FIG 1 basic longitudinal section of a dynamoelectric rotary machine,
[0040] FIG 2 Side view of a stator in the housing,
[0041] FIG 3 partial perspective view of a stator in the housing,
[0042] FIG 4,5 further housing designs.
[0043] It should be noted that terms such as "axial," "radial," "tangential," etc., refer to the axis 7 used in the respective figure or in the respective example described. In other words, the directions axial, radial, and tangential always refer to an axis 7 of the rotor 19 and thus to the corresponding axis of symmetry of the stator 2. "Axial" describes a direction parallel to axis 7, "radial" describes a direction orthogonal to axis 7, toward it, or away from it, and "tangential" is a direction that is directed circularly around axis 7 at a constant radial distance from axis 7 and at a constant axial position. The term "in the circumferential direction" is synonymous with "tangential."
[0044] With reference to a surface, e.g. a cross-sectional area, the terms "axial", "radial", "tangential" etc. describe the orientation of the normal vector of the surface, i.e. the vector that is perpendicular to the surface in question.
[0045] The term "coaxial components", e.g. coaxial components such as rotor 19 and stator 2, is understood here to mean components that have the same normal vectors, i.e. for which the planes defined by the coaxial components are parallel to one another. Furthermore, the expression should include that the centers of coaxial components lie on the same axis of rotation or symmetry. However, these centers can possibly lie at different axial positions on this axis and the said planes can therefore have a distance >0 from one another. The expression does not necessarily require that coaxial components have the same radius.
[0046] The term "complementary" in the context of two components which are "complementary" to one another means that their external shapes are designed in such a way that one component can preferably be arranged completely within its complementary component, so that the inner surface of one component and the outer surface of the other component ideally touch each other seamlessly or over their entire surface. Consequently, in the case of two objects which are complementary to one another, the external shape of one object is determined by the external shape of the other object. The term "complementary" could be replaced by the term "inverse".
[0047] For the sake of clarity, in some cases where components are present more than once, not all of the components shown are provided with reference symbols in the figures.
[0048] The described embodiments can be combined in any way. Individual features of the respective embodiments can also be combined with one another without departing from the essence of the invention.
[0049] The winding system 3 of the stator 2 is considered to be the entirety of the electrical conductors, including any insulation. The conductors can be preformed coils, round or flat wires, with or without insulation. This also includes single-, three-, or multi-phase systems. In terms of winding technology, this also includes both tooth-wound coil technology and chorded or loop windings. It is always crucial that the winding head 10 formed by any winding system 3 is thermally coupled directly to a housing 12.
[0050] FIG 1 shows a basic longitudinal section of a dynamoelectric rotary machine 1, which is fixed in a housing 12 in a rotationally fixed manner. A stator 2, which is designed as a magnetically conductive body, in particular as a laminated core 4, has a winding system 3 in slots 6 pointing towards an air gap 15 of the dynamoelectric machine 1. The winding system 3 forms a winding overhang 10 on each of the end faces of the stator 2, which winding overhang comprises a bead 24 and a winding neck 11. The winding neck 11 is the section of the winding overhang 10 which forms the section of the winding system 3 immediately after leaving the slot 6, in which section the electrical conductors still run essentially axially before they form the bead 24.
[0051] The winding head 10 of the winding system 3 has an axial extension 13 that corresponds to the later filling level of the potting compound 18. Between the inner edge 17 of the housing 12 and the outer side of the winding head 10 of the winding system 3 there is a gap 14 that is filled with a potting compound 18, which will be described in more detail later.
[0052] A rotor 19 is arranged at a distance from the stator 2 by an air gap 15. The rotor 19 is connected to a shaft 8 in a rotationally fixed manner and is mounted for rotation about an axis 7. In this case, the rotor 19 is made of laminated material and has a squirrel cage 20 arranged in the laminated core. The housing 12 has ribs 21 on its outer circumference, at least in sections.
[0053] The gap 14 is now filled with a potting compound 18 in its axial extent 13, so that at least the outer side of the winding head 10 of the winding system 3 is thermally well connected to the housing 12. Due to the material properties of the potting compound 18, it penetrates at least into the radially outer regions of the winding head 10, but only to such an extent that no potting compound escapes at the radially inner region of the winding head 10.
[0054] FIG. 2 shows a side view of the stator 2, positioned in the housing 12 with its winding system 3, which forms the winding head 10 on the end face of the stator 2. The gap 14 is filled with the potting compound 18. The stator 2 is positioned, in particular, vertically or at an angle. First, one end face of the stator is coated with the potting compound 18, then the other.
[0055] The filling of stator 2 in a vertical or inclined position described above requires serial processing of the respective end faces. Depending on the dimensions of gap 14 (depending, among other things, on the motor type), approximately 15 to 30 minutes should be allowed between the completion of filling on one end face and the start of filling on the other end face at room temperature.
[0056] Due to the material properties of the potting compound 18, it penetrates the winding head 10, i.e., the bead 24 and the winding neck 11, only to the extent that the inner bore 5 remains free of the potting compound 18. This simplifies the manufacture and potting of the winding system 3 in a simple manner. Furthermore, the thermal connection of the winding head 10 to the housing 12 is improved.
[0057] FIG 3 shows a perspective partial view of a section of the stator 2, which is positioned in the housing 12. The stator 2 is provided with the winding system 3. The winding necks 11, whose electrical conductors run axially, can be seen axially outside the laminated core 4 of the stator 2. These conductors then curve in the bulge 24 of the winding overhang 10 in order to open into other slots 6. The packing density of the conductors of the winding system 3 increases radially inwards in the bulge 24, so that due to the ever narrower capillaries between the conductors of the potting compound 18, in addition to the decreasing viscosity, it is also made more difficult for it to penetrate radially inwards over the winding overhang 10.
[0058] Due to the good thermal conductivity of the individual adjacent conductors, in particular copper conductors, a comparatively acceptable thermal conductivity to the outside is nevertheless provided within the bead 24, even if the individual conductors are not directly surrounded by potting compound 18.
[0059] Due to the mutual contact of the electrical conductors, thermal conductivity also occurs radially outwards into the area of the winding head 10, which is supplied with the thermally highly conductive casting compound 18.
[0060] The casting compound 18 uses a molding material filled with thermally conductive particles (reactive resin, e.g. epoxy, polyurethane or polyester). Depending on the desired thermal conductivity of the casting compound, these filler particles are, among others, quartz powder, fused quartz, boron nitride or aluminum oxide, dispersed in an optimized grain size distribution as microparticles in a matrix (reactive resin), so that the molding compound is as thin and flowable as possible. The filler content in the matrix is between 20 and 70 vol.%, depending on the desired flowability at processing temperature.
[0061] In addition to being filled with the above-mentioned thermally conductive particles, the potting compound 18 is, according to the invention, provided with a rheology-optimizing additive. This additive causes the flowability of the potting compound 18 to take on thixotropic and pseudoplastic properties, and thus significantly reduces its viscosity at increased shear rates, and then returns to significantly higher viscosities at low shear rates. This makes it possible to successively fill the area, in particular the gap 14 between the winding head 10 and the inner edge 17 of the housing 12, by means of a dosing unit equipped for this purpose, of the preferably vertically positioned stator 2 up to the axial extension 13 of the winding head 10. The flowing potting compound 18 reduces its viscosity due to the shear forces occurring during dispensing, is distributed homogeneously in the gap 14 and encloses the individual wires of the winding head 10 in a form-fitting manner.
[0062] As the flow process between and within the winding necks 11 and in the bead 24 becomes increasingly slower, the viscosity increases due to the decreasing shear forces, which leads to the flow front of the casting compound 18 between the winding necks 11 automatically solidifying.
[0063] Filling / pouring the space or gap 14 between the winding head 10 and the housing 12 is thus possible without further enclosure, i.e. an inner mandrel for the inner bore of the stator 2.
[0064] A typical example of a thixotropic additive is pyrogenic silica (silica gel), which is dispersed in the casting compound 18 (0.1-1 wt.%) in order to obtain these desired properties.
[0065] A further material property of the potting compound 18 is that it is a two-component reactive resin which is mixed in-situ in a dosing unit (resin and hardener component). This ensures that the potting compound 18 sets within a comparatively short time (a few hours to just a few minutes) without any further heat input. The basic viscosity of the potting compound 18 increases due to the chemical network formation to such an extent that the production flow is not interrupted and further work on the stator 2 or on the dynamoelectric machine 1 is possible.
[0066] An introduction of temperature into this process would reduce the viscosity and would therefore not be practical, since otherwise the potting compound 18 without a housing or inner mandrel would migrate between the winding necks 11 and / or the bead 24 and flow into the inner radius, i.e. the inner bore of the stator 2.
[0067] The housing 12 can generally be made of aluminum or other heat-conducting materials. Furthermore, it can be equipped with fins 21, at least in sections, to further improve cooling.
[0068] FIG. 4 shows a housing 12 with exemplary means for liquid cooling 22. Helically extending cooling tubes are arranged in the housing 12. This improves the cooling of the dynamoelectric machine 1, in particular the stator 2 and, above all, the winding head 10.
[0069] Figure 5 shows another possible design for the housing 12, which now offers the possibility of a closed internal air cooling circuit. A fan arranged within the housing 12 conveys air into the interior of the machine 1, including over the winding heads 10.
[0070] Such dynamoelectric rotary machines 1 are used as fans, compressors, condensers, pumps, etc. in industry, food production, and transport engineering due to their simple design and efficiency.
Claims
Patent claims 1. Method for manufacturing a stator (2) of a dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) by the following steps: Arranging a winding system (3) in a magnetically conductive body, in particular an axially stacked laminated core (4), in grooves (6) pointing towards an inner bore (5) such that a winding head (10) is formed at each end face of the magnetically conductive body; connecting the magnetically conductive body, in particular the laminated core (4), to a housing (12), in particular a thermally conductive housing, in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the housing (12) extends axially on both sides of the laminated core (4) of the stator (2) at least to the axially outer edge of the respective winding head (10), thereby creating a circumferential gap (14) in the area of the winding heads (10) between a radial outer surface (16) of the winding head (10) and an inner edge (17) of the housing (12); filling this circumferential gap (14) between the radial outer surface (16) of the winding head (10) and the inner edge (17) of the housing. (12) with a potting compound (18) ,with at least one rheology-optimized additive, so that a thermal connection of the winding head (10) to the housing (12) is achieved, wherein the potting compound (18) penetrates into the radially outer areas of the winding head (10), but only to the extent that no potting compound (18) escapes at the radially inner edge of the winding head (10).
2. Method for manufacturing a stator (2) of a dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetically conductive body is shrunk into the housing (12).
3. Method for manufacturing a stator (2) of a dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the winding system (3) comprises preformed coils or wires.
4. Method for producing a stator (2) of a dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that pyrogenic silica is used as an additive.
5. Method for manufacturing a stator (2) of a dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a two-component reactive resin and / or a filler for increasing the overall viscosity and thermal conductivity is additionally provided in the potting compound (18).
6. Method for manufacturing a stator (2) of a dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator (2) is filled with a vertical axis (7) or with an inclination of the axis (7) of max. 45 degrees.
7. Dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) , with a stator (2) having a magnetically conductive body, in particular an axially stacked laminated core (4) , wherein a winding system (3) is arranged in slots (6) pointing towards an inner bore (5) of the stator (2), which forms a winding head (10) on each end face of the magnetically conductive body, wherein a rotationally fixed connection is provided between the magnetically conductive body and a housing (12) that is in particular thermally conductive, wherein the housing (12) extends axially on both sides of the magnetically conductive body of the stator (2) at least to the axially outer edge of the respective winding head (10), wherein the gap (14) circumferential in the area of the winding heads (10) between a radial outer surface (16) of the winding head (10) and an inner edge (17) of the housing (12) is filled by means of a potting compound (18) with at least one rheology-optimized additive, so that a thermal connection of the winding head (10) to the housing (12) is established, and a rotor (19) wherein the stator (2) and rotor (19) are spaced apart from each other by an air gap (15).
8. Dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the housing (12) has ribs (21) projecting at least partially in the circumferential direction and / or axial direction.
9. Dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the housing (12) has means to provide a water jacket cooling (22) or a closed internal air cooling circuit (23).
10. Dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the housing (12) is made of aluminium or other heat-conducting materials.
11. Use of a dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claims 7 to 10 manufactured according to one of claims 1 to 6 as a drive for, among other things, fans, compressors and pumps.
12. Use of a dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claim 11, for example in industrial applications field, in the food industry, in transport technology, in air conditioning systems.