Method and device for producing a dental restoration and use thereof

Abstract

A method for fabricating a dental restoration (12) from at least one material of a first material type is described. In this method, a region of the dental restoration (12) made from the material of the first material type has at least two sections of different color and at least two sections of different color brightness. The method comprises providing a first starting material (M1) with a first color, a first color brightness, and a first opacity. Furthermore, the method comprises providing a second starting material (M2) with a second color, a second color brightness, and a second opacity. The region of the dental restoration (12) made from the material of the first material type is then constructed by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments, each volume segment being formed exclusively from one or more selected components of the first starting material (M1) and the second starting material (M2).Furthermore, a device (10) for the production of a dental restoration (12) is presented. Its use is also described.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing a dental restoration from at least one material of a first type of material.

[0002] Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for producing a dental restoration from at least one material of a first type of material.

[0003] Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of exclusively a first starting material of a first type of material, a second starting material of the first type of material and a third starting material of the first type of material.

[0004] Dental restorations, such as replacement teeth, partial or complete dentures, are intended to replicate natural teeth and / or gums as faithfully as possible. In this way, dental restorations should be virtually indistinguishable from natural teeth and gums. They should therefore have a natural appearance. However, since natural teeth and gums exhibit uneven color distribution (i.e., at least two areas of different color), uneven brightness distribution (i.e., at least two areas of different brightness), and uneven opacity distribution (i.e., at least two areas of different opacity), the fabrication of dental restorations is typically a complex process.This applies both to variants in which a dental restoration is manufactured from a blank using a milling operation, and to variants in which the dental restoration is manufactured using an additive manufacturing process.

[0005] There is therefore a conflict of objectives between the naturalness of the dental restoration and its simplest possible production.

[0006] US 2018 / 0325635 A1 describes a method and a system for constructing a dental object.

[0007] US 2016 / 0228222 A1 presents a dental milling blank and a method for shaping the dental milling blank.

[0008] US 2013 / 0224454 A1 shows a non-prestained, multilayered zirconia tooth blank that exhibits a gradual change in color saturation across the thickness after sintering.

[0009] CN 111 136 915 A concerns a mechanical and aesthetic dental prosthesis design and a 3D printing process.

[0010] The purpose of the invention is to resolve or at least mitigate this conflict of objectives.

[0011] The problem is solved by a method according to claim 1 for producing a dental restoration from at least one material of a first type of material. In this method, a region of the dental restoration made from the material of the first type of material has at least two sections of different color and at least two sections of different color brightness. The method comprises: Providing a first starting material of the first material type, wherein the first starting material has a first color, a first color brightness and a first opacity; providing a second starting material of the first material type, wherein the second starting material has a second color, a second color brightness and a second opacity; and providing a third starting material of the first material type, wherein the third starting material has a third color, a third color brightness and a third opacity; building up the area of ​​the dental restoration from the material of the first material type by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments, wherein each volume segment is formed exclusively from one or more selected from the first starting material, second starting material and third starting material.

[0012] In this context, the material of the first type can be a dental prosthesis material or a gingival substitute material. A volume segment of a dental restoration is understood to be a volume segment that is very small compared to the external dimensions of the dental restoration. Thus, the volume segment is also very small compared to any macro-sections of the dental restoration that may be replicated, such as the incisal edge, dentin core, neck of the tooth, or gingival base. The volume segment can also be referred to as a voxel. For example, a voxel has a length, width, and height of 50 micrometers each. The fact that each volume segment is formed exclusively from one or more selected components of the first and second base materials implies three alternatives. According to the first alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the first base material.According to a second alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the second starting material. According to a third alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the first and second starting materials. In the third alternative, it can also be said that the volume segment is formed exclusively from a mixture of the first and second starting materials. In the context of the present invention, such a mixture is understood, on the one hand, to be an actual, physical mixture of the starting materials. On the other hand, such a mixture is also understood to be an arrangement of starting materials in which the starting materials are not physically mixed, but the arrangement of the starting materials is on a scale so small that the human eye cannot distinguish, i.e., resolve, the individual starting materials.In this case, the human eye perceives a mixture even though no such mixture is actually present. Techniques such as half-toning and dithering utilize this effect. The fact that the dental restoration has at least two sections of different color and at least two sections of different brightness gives it a natural appearance. It is understood that sections of different color and sections of different brightness can be separate, partially overlapping, or completely overlapping. According to the invention, this can be achieved using only three starting materials: the first, second, and third. No further starting materials are required or used.For this reason, the method according to the invention is comparatively simple. Thus, a lifelike dental restoration can be produced with minimal effort using the method according to the invention.

[0013] The first and second colors can be the same or different. Furthermore, they can be described, for example, by a color model or color theory. In this context, the first and second colors can be described in an RGB color space, that is, a color space defined by the colors red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Alternatively, they can be described in a CMYK color space, that is, a color space defined by blue (cyan - C), red (magenta - M), yellow (yellow - Y), and black (key - K). In this context, a color space can also be more generally referred to as a color range. A color range can have one or more dimensions. It is also possible to define the first and second colors in a color spectrum, that is, via a corresponding optical wavelength or frequency.Furthermore, it is possible to describe the first and second colors using a Lab color model, i.e., using a brightness value (L-value), an a-color value along an axis defined by the colors green and red, and a b-color value along an axis defined by the colors yellow and blue. In a preferred embodiment, the first and second colors are different. The dental restoration, or more precisely, the area of ​​the dental restoration made of the first material type, can therefore exhibit, at least in sections, the first color, the second color, or a mixed color generated from the first and second colors. In other words, the dental restoration, or more precisely, the area of ​​the dental restoration made of the first material type, can exhibit any color resulting from a mixture of the first and second colors.The mixtures of the first color and the second color thus define a color range.

[0014] The first and second color brightness levels can be the same or different. In a preferred embodiment, the first and second color brightness levels are different. The dental restoration, or more precisely, the portion of the restoration made of the first material type, can therefore exhibit, at least in sections, the first color brightness, the second color brightness, or a mixed color brightness generated from both. In other words, the dental restoration, or more precisely, the portion of the restoration made of the first material type, can exhibit any color brightness level that lies within a color brightness range defined by the first and second color brightness levels.

[0015] Similarly, the first and second opacity values ​​can be either the same or different. If the first and second opacity values ​​are the same, the color and brightness can be adjusted by mixing the first and second materials, with the opacity remaining constant regardless of the mixing ratio. If the first and second opacity values ​​are different, the opacity of the dental restoration—more precisely, the opacity of the area of ​​the restoration made from the first material—can be adjusted by mixing the first and second materials. In other words, the dental restoration, or more precisely, the area of ​​the restoration made from the first material, can have any opacity within a range defined by the first and second opacity values.

[0016] It should be noted that the term opacity is the reciprocal of the term translucency, and for the sake of simplicity, the term opacity is predominantly used here.

[0017] The present invention is based on the understanding that, despite the fact that natural teeth and gums exhibit an uneven color distribution, i.e., at least two sections of different colors, which is to be replicated in a dental restoration, a limited color range or color space is sufficient to achieve a natural appearance of the dental restoration. It has thus been recognized that, for the production of a lifelike dental restoration, it is not necessary to be able to adjust any arbitrary color and therefore any arbitrary color distribution, but rather that it is sufficient to be able to produce the dental restoration in common colors with color mixtures based thereon. In the case that the material of the first type is a dental prosthesis material, the common colors relate to common tooth colors, which can be described as shades of beige.In the case of the first type of material, which is a gum replacement material, the common colors correspond to common gum colors, which can be described as shades of pink or red. It has been found that the common tooth or gum colors and their corresponding color mixtures can be faithfully reproduced by appropriately mixing a base material with one color and a base material with a second color.

[0018] With regard to color brightness and color brightness distributions, the present invention is based on the understanding that, despite the fact that natural teeth and gums exhibit an uneven color brightness distribution, i.e., at least two sections of differing color brightness, which is to be replicated in a dental restoration, a limited color brightness range is sufficient to achieve a natural appearance of the dental restoration. It has thus been recognized that, for the production of a natural-looking dental restoration, it is not necessary to be able to set any arbitrary color brightness and therefore any arbitrary color brightness distribution, but rather that it is sufficient to be able to produce the dental restoration in common color brightness levels and the resulting color brightness gradations.If the material of the first type is a dental prosthesis material, the common shades correspond to common tooth shades. If the material of the first type is a gum replacement material, the common shades correspond to common gum shades. It has been found that the common tooth or gum shades and their corresponding shade gradations can be faithfully reproduced by appropriately mixing a first base material with a first shade and a second base material with a second shade.

[0019] The simplicity of the inventive method, which uses only a first, a second, and a third starting material, becomes particularly clear when compared to a method that uses a larger color space or range and a wider range of color brightness. In this context, for example, a modification of the CMYK color model, which has already been explained above, can be used. If a dental restoration is to be produced based on this color model using an arrangement of volume segments, a white material is additionally required. Furthermore, the CMYK color model can be simplified by mixing black using cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y).To produce a dental restoration, at least four starting materials are required, wherein a first starting material is cyan, a second starting material is magenta, a third starting material is yellow, and a fourth starting material is white (instead of key / black). Compared to the method according to the invention, at least four starting materials are therefore required instead of just two.

[0020] It is understood that, according to one option, the inventive method utilizes a support material in addition to the first and second starting materials. The support material can be used to produce overhanging or projecting sections of the dental restoration.

[0021] Furthermore, it should be understood that the use of numerical terms to describe the raw materials, colors, brightness, and opacities serves only as a simple explanation. No quantities or amounts are implied.

[0022] Furthermore, it is understood that in a case where the dental restoration is made exclusively from a material of the first type of material, the area of ​​the dental restoration made from the material of the first type of material is synonymous with the entire dental restoration.

[0023] According to the invention, the area of ​​the dental restoration made from the material of the first type of material additionally has at least two sections of different opacity. The method further comprises: Providing a third starting material of the first material type, wherein the third starting material has a third color, a third brightness and a third opacity, building up the area of ​​the dental restoration from the material of the first material type by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments, each volume segment being formed exclusively from one or more selected from the first starting material, second starting material and third starting material.

[0024] A third starting material is therefore added. Accordingly, each volume segment can be composed exclusively of one or more selected materials from the first, second, and third starting materials. This includes seven alternatives. According to the first alternative, a volume segment is composed exclusively of the first starting material. According to the second alternative, a volume segment is composed exclusively of the second starting material. According to the third alternative, a volume segment is composed exclusively of the third starting material. According to the fourth alternative, a volume segment is composed exclusively of the first and second starting materials. According to the fifth alternative, a volume segment is composed exclusively of the first and third starting materials.According to a sixth alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the second and third starting materials. According to a seventh alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the first, second, and third starting materials. In those alternatives where the volume segment is formed from more than one starting material, it can also be said that the volume segment is formed exclusively from a mixture of several starting materials selected from the first, second, and third starting materials. The fact that the dental restoration has at least two sections of different color, at least two sections of different brightness, and at least two sections of different opacity gives the dental restoration a particularly natural appearance.It is understood that sections of different color, sections of different brightness, and sections of different opacity can be separate, partially overlapping, or completely overlapping. As before, the first, second, and third colors can be the same or different. Likewise, the first, second, and third brightness levels can be the same or different. Furthermore, the first, second, and third opacity levels can be the same or different. This, of course, always applies under the premise that the area of ​​the dental restoration made of the first type of material has at least two sections of different color, at least two sections of different brightness, and at least two sections of different opacity.A lifelike appearance can be achieved using only three starting materials: the first, second, and third. No other materials are required or used. The process is therefore relatively simple. Since only three starting materials are used in this example, the color, brightness, and opacity of the dental restoration can be easily and reliably adjusted locally within certain limits. Thus, different subvolumes of the dental restoration can exhibit different colors, brightness levels, and opacities. Each subvolume could, for example, be assigned to a tooth incisal edge, a dentin core, and a tooth neck.

[0025] This is based on the understanding that, despite the fact that natural teeth and gums exhibit an uneven opacity distribution—that is, at least two areas of differing opacity—which a dental restoration should replicate, a limited opacity range, e.g., between 40% and 95%, is sufficient to achieve a natural appearance. It has therefore been recognized that, for the fabrication of a lifelike dental restoration, it is not necessary to be able to set any arbitrary opacity and thus any opacity distribution, but rather that it is sufficient to be able to fabricate the dental restoration using common opacities and a corresponding opacity range.It was found that the common opacities can be faithfully reproduced by appropriately mixing at least one starting material with a first opacity and a starting material with a second opacity.

[0026] The present aspect of the invention is explained using opacity as an example. However, it is understood that the same example could be explained using translucency. Opacity and translucency are interchangeable.

[0027] According to the invention, two colors selected from a first, second, and third color can be identical. Alternatively or additionally, two colors selected from a first, second, and third color can be different. According to the first alternative, two colors selected from a first, second, and third color are identical, with the remaining color in each case being different. According to the second alternative, two colors selected from a first, second, and third color are different. Accordingly, the remaining color in each case is identical to one of the different colors. In one example, the first and second colors are identical, and the third color is different. In another example, the first and third colors are identical, and the second color is different.In another example, the second and third colors are the same, while the first color is different. The process becomes even simpler when two colors are selected from the first, second, and third colors that are specifically chosen to be the same or different. This is because, to create a section of the dental restoration with a specific color, the two colors from the first, second, and third colors that are different can be mixed. Mixing the two colors from the first, second, and third colors that are the same will not change the color. The respective starting materials can therefore be used to adjust other characteristics, such as color brightness or opacity, which can thus be set independently of the color of the dental restoration.

[0028] According to the invention, two color brightnesses selected from first, second, and third brightness can be the same. Alternatively or additionally, two color brightnesses selected from first, second, and third brightness can be different. According to the first alternative, two color brightnesses selected from first, second, and third brightness are the same, with the remaining color brightness being different. According to the second alternative, two color brightnesses selected from first, second, and third brightness are different. Accordingly, the remaining color brightness is equal to one of the different color brightnesses. In an example, the first and second color brightnesses are the same, and the third color brightness is different.In another example, the first and third color brightness levels are the same, while the second color brightness level is different. In yet another example, the second and third color brightness levels are the same, while the first color brightness level is different. The process is further simplified when two color brightness levels are selected from the first, second, and third color brightness levels to be either the same or different. This is because, to create a section of the dental restoration with a specific color brightness, the two different color brightness levels from the first, second, and third color brightness levels can be mixed. Mixing the two identical color brightness levels from the first, second, and third color brightness levels will not change the color brightness.The respective starting materials can therefore be used to adjust other characteristics, e.g., color or opacity, which can thus be adjusted independently of the color brightness of the dental restoration.

[0029] According to the invention, two opacities selected from first, second, and third opacity can be the same. Alternatively or additionally, two opacities selected from first, second, and third opacity can be different. According to the first alternative, two opacities selected from first, second, and third opacity are the same, with the remaining opacity in each case being different. According to the second alternative, two opacities selected from first, second, and third opacity are different. Accordingly, the remaining opacity in each case is equal to one of the different opacities. In one example, the first and second opacity are the same, and the third opacity is different. In another example, the first and third opacity are the same, and the second opacity is different.In another example, the second and third opacities are the same, while the first opacity is different. The process is further simplified when two opacities are selected from the first, second, and third opacities to be either the same or different. This is because, to create a section of the dental restoration with a specific opacity, the two opacities that differ from the first, second, and third opacities can be mixed. Mixing the two opacities that are the same from the first, second, and third opacities does not change the opacity. Therefore, the corresponding starting materials can be used to adjust other characteristics, such as color or brightness, which can thus be set independently of the brightness of the dental restoration.

[0030] According to the invention, the first color and the second color are different, the third color and the first color are the same, the first color brightness and the second color brightness are different, the third color brightness and the first color brightness are the same, the first opacity and the second opacity are the same, and the first opacity and the third opacity are different. Thus, a specific color of the dental restoration can be precisely adjusted by selectively mixing the first and second starting materials. This can be done locally, meaning that the first and second starting materials can be mixed in different ratios at different locations within the dental restoration, resulting in different colors at these locations. Likewise, a specific color brightness of the dental restoration can be precisely adjusted by selectively mixing the first and second starting materials.This can be done locally, meaning that the first and second base materials can be mixed in different ratios at different locations within the dental restoration, resulting in varying shades of brightness at those points. The first and second base materials differ only in their opacity. Consequently, the opacity of the dental restoration can be precisely controlled by selectively mixing the first and third base materials. This can again be done locally, meaning that the first and third base materials can be mixed in different ratios at different locations within the dental restoration, resulting in varying opacities at those points.It is understood that a specific mixing ratio between the first and second base materials, as well as between the first and third base materials, results in a fixed mixing ratio between the second and third base materials. Therefore, in dental restorations, color, brightness, and opacity can be precisely controlled locally. This gives the dental restoration a natural appearance.

[0031] In an example where the first and second opacity values ​​are the same, while the third differs, the first and second opacity values ​​can be higher than the third. This is advantageous when a dental restoration being fabricated has a predominantly high opacity. This is the case, for example, with the dentin core of a dental restoration that is a replacement tooth. Locally varying opacities can thus be achieved by reducing the opacity locally—that is, increasing the translucency—by mixing in the third, lower-opacity base material, based on the comparatively high first and second opacities. This is advantageous, for example, for the incisal edge of a replacement tooth.

[0032] In another example, where the first and second opacity values ​​are the same, but the third opacity is different, the first and second opacity values ​​can be lower than the third. This is advantageous when a dental restoration being fabricated has a predominantly low opacity. This is the case, for example, with a denture base that mimics gums. Locally varying opacities can thus be achieved by locally increasing the opacity—that is, reducing the translucency—by adding the third base material with its higher opacity, based on the comparatively low first and second opacities. This is advantageous, for example, for mimicking veins in the denture base.

[0033] The dental restoration may additionally include a material of a second type. In this case, an area of ​​the dental restoration made of the second material type has at least two sections of different color and at least two sections of different color brightness. The procedure then further includes: Providing a fourth starting material of the second material type, wherein the fourth starting material has a fourth color, a fourth color brightness, and a fourth opacity; providing a fifth starting material of the second material type, wherein the fifth starting material has a fifth color, a fifth color brightness, and a fifth opacity; building up the area of ​​the dental restoration from the material of the second material type by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments, each volume segment being formed exclusively from one or more selected from the fourth starting material and the fifth starting material.

[0034] The dental restoration to be fabricated thus comprises a material of the first type and a material of the second type. In this context, the material of the first type can be a dental prosthesis material, and the material of the second type a gingival substitute material. The reverse is also possible. The area of ​​the dental restoration made of the second type is also formed by the spatial arrangement of a multiple volume segments. A volume segment of the dental restoration is again understood to be a volume segment that is very small compared to the external dimensions of the dental restoration. Therefore, the volume segment is also very small compared to any macro-sections of the dental restoration that may be replicated, such as the incisal edge, dentin core, neck of the tooth, or gingival base. The volume segment can also be referred to as a voxel.The fact that each volume segment is formed exclusively from one or more selected components of the fourth and fifth starting materials encompasses three alternatives. According to the first alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the fourth starting material. According to the second alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the fifth starting material. According to the third alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the fourth and fifth starting materials. In the third alternative, it can also be said that the volume segment is formed exclusively from a mixture of the fourth and fifth starting materials.The fact that the area of ​​the dental restoration made from the second material type also has at least two sections of different color and at least two sections of different shade intensity gives this area of ​​the dental restoration a natural appearance. It is understood that sections of different color and sections of different shade intensity can be separate, partially overlapping, or completely overlapping. This can be achieved using only two starting materials, namely the fourth and fifth starting materials. No other starting materials are required or used. For this reason, the procedure is comparatively simple.Overall, a dental restoration can thus be produced which has at least one area made of the first type of material and at least one area made of the second type of material, wherein both the area made of the first type of material and the area made of the second type of material have at least two sections of different color and at least two sections of different color brightness. Thus, lifelike dental restorations can be produced with minimal effort using the method according to the invention.

[0035] The fourth and fifth colors can be the same or different. They can be described, for example, by a color model or color theory. In this context, the fourth and fifth colors can be described in an RGB color space, that is, a color space defined by the colors red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Alternatively, they can be described in a CMYK color space, that is, a color space defined by blue (cyan - C), red (magenta - M), yellow (yellow - Y), and black (key - K). As already mentioned, a color space can also be more generally referred to as a color range. A color range can have one or more dimensions. It is also possible to define the fourth and fifth colors in a color spectrum, that is, via a corresponding optical wavelength or frequency.Furthermore, it is possible to describe the fourth and fifth colors using a Lab color model, i.e., using a brightness value (L-value), an a-color value along an axis defined by the colors green and red, and a b-color value along an axis defined by the colors yellow and blue. In a preferred embodiment, the fourth and fifth colors are distinct. The dental restoration, or more precisely, the portion of the dental restoration made of the second material type, can therefore exhibit at least section by section the fourth color, the fifth color, or a mixed color generated from the fourth and fifth colors. In other words, the dental restoration, or more precisely, the portion of the dental restoration made of the second material type, can exhibit any color that lies within a color range defined by the fourth and fifth colors.The dental restoration can therefore have any color that can be created by mixing the fourth and fifth colors.

[0036] The fourth and fifth color brightness levels can also be the same or different. In a preferred embodiment, the fourth and fifth color brightness levels are different. The dental restoration, or more precisely, the portion of the restoration made from the second material type, can therefore exhibit, at least in sections, the fourth color brightness level, the fifth color brightness level, or a mixed color brightness level generated from the fourth and fifth color brightness levels. In other words, the dental restoration, or more precisely, the portion of the restoration made from the second material type, can exhibit any color brightness level that lies within a color brightness range defined by the fourth and fifth color brightness levels.

[0037] Similarly, the fourth and fifth opacity values ​​can be either the same or different. If the fourth and fifth opacity values ​​are the same, the color and brightness can be adjusted by mixing the fourth and fifth base materials while maintaining the same opacity. If the fourth and fifth opacity values ​​are different, the opacity of the dental restoration—more precisely, the opacity of the area of ​​the restoration made from the second material—can be adjusted by mixing the fourth and fifth base materials. In other words, the dental restoration, or more precisely, the area of ​​the restoration made from the second material, can have any opacity within a range defined by the fourth and fifth opacity values.

[0038] According to one variant, the area of ​​the dental restoration made from the second material type additionally has at least two sections of different opacity. The procedure then further includes: Providing a sixth starting material of the second material type, wherein the sixth starting material has a sixth color, a sixth brightness and a sixth opacity, building up the area of ​​the dental restoration from the material of the second material type by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments, each volume segment being formed exclusively from one or more selected from fourth starting material, fifth starting material and sixth starting material.

[0039] In this embodiment, a sixth starting material is added to the area constructed from the material of the second material type. Accordingly, each volume segment can be formed exclusively from one or more selected materials from the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials. This includes seven alternatives. According to a first alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the fourth starting material. According to a second alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the fifth starting material. According to a third alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the sixth starting material. According to a fourth alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the fourth and fifth starting materials.According to a fifth alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the fourth and sixth starting materials. According to a sixth alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the fifth and sixth starting materials. According to a seventh alternative, a volume segment is formed exclusively from the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials. In those alternatives where the volume segment is formed from more than one starting material, it can also be said that the volume segment is formed exclusively from a mixture of several selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials.The fact that the dental restoration, or more precisely, the area of ​​the dental restoration made from the second type of material, has at least two sections of different color, at least two sections of different brightness, and at least two sections of different opacity, gives the dental restoration a particularly natural appearance. It is understood that sections of different color, sections of different brightness, and sections of different opacity can be separate from one another, partially overlap, or completely overlap. As before, the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors can be either the same or different. Likewise, the fourth, fifth, and sixth brightness levels can be either the same or different.Furthermore, the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacity levels can be either the same or different. A realistic appearance can be achieved using only three of the starting materials for the area from the second material type: the fourth, fifth, and sixth. No other starting materials are required or used. The process is therefore relatively simple.Since, in the present example, only three starting materials are used for the dental restoration from the material of the second type, and only six starting materials are used for the dental restoration in total, the color, brightness, and opacity of the dental restoration can be adjusted locally within certain limits in a simple and reliable way for the area made from the material of the first type and for the area made from the material of the second type.

[0040] As before, the present example is explained using opacity, but it could equally well be explained using translucency. Opacity and translucency can be converted into each other.

[0041] Two colors selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors can be the same. Alternatively, or additionally, two colors selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors can be different. According to the first alternative, two colors selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors are the same, with the remaining color in each case being different. According to the second alternative, two colors selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors are different. Accordingly, the remaining color in each case is one of the different colors. In one example, the fourth and fifth colors are the same, and the sixth color is different. In another example, the fourth and sixth colors are the same, and the fifth color is different. In yet another example, the fifth and sixth colors are the same, and the fourth color is different.The process becomes even simpler when two colors selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors are specifically chosen to be either identical or different. This is because, to fabricate a section of the dental restoration with a specific shade, only those two colors from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors that are different can be mixed. Mixing the two colors from the fourth, fifth, and sixth colors that are identical will not change the color. The corresponding base materials can therefore be used to adjust other characteristics, such as color brightness or opacity, which can thus be set independently of the color of the dental restoration.

[0042] Furthermore, two color brightness levels selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth color brightness levels can be the same. Alternatively or additionally, two color brightness levels selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth color brightness levels can be different. According to the first alternative, two color brightness levels selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth color brightness levels are the same, with the remaining color brightness level differing. According to the second alternative, two color brightness levels selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth color brightness levels are different. Accordingly, the remaining color brightness level in each case is equal to one of the different color brightness levels. In an example, the fourth and fifth color brightness levels are the same, while the sixth color brightness level differs.In another example, the fourth and sixth color brightness levels are the same, while the fifth color brightness level is different. In yet another example, the fifth and sixth color brightness levels are the same, while the fourth color brightness level is different. The process is further simplified when two color brightness levels selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth levels are specifically chosen to be the same or different. This is because, to create a section of the dental restoration with a specific color brightness, the two different color brightness levels from the fourth, fifth, and sixth levels can be mixed. Mixing the two identical color brightness levels from the fourth, fifth, and sixth levels will not change the color brightness.The respective starting materials can therefore be used to adjust other characteristics, e.g., color or opacity, which can thus be adjusted independently of the color brightness of the dental restoration.

[0043] It is also possible for two opacities selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacity to be the same. Alternatively or additionally, two opacities selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacity can be different. According to the first alternative, two opacities selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacity are the same, with the remaining opacity in each case being different. According to the second alternative, two opacities selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacity are different. Accordingly, the remaining opacity in each case is equal to one of the different opacities. In one example, the fourth and fifth opacity are the same, while the sixth opacity is different. In another example, the fourth and sixth opacity are the same, while the fifth opacity is different.In another example, the fifth and sixth opacities are the same, while the fourth opacity is different. The process is further simplified when two opacities selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities are specifically chosen to be the same or different. This is because, to fabricate a section of the dental restoration with a specific opacity, the two opacities from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities that are different can be mixed. Mixing the two opacities from the fourth, fifth, and sixth opacities that are the same will not change the opacity. The corresponding starting materials can therefore be used to adjust other characteristics, such as color or brightness, which can thus be set independently of the brightness of the dental restoration.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the fourth and fifth colors are different, the sixth and fifth colors are the same, the fourth and fifth color brightness levels are different, the sixth and fifth color brightness levels are the same, the fourth and fifth opacity levels are the same, and the fourth and sixth opacity levels are different. In this example, a specific color of the dental restoration can be achieved by selectively mixing the fourth and fifth base materials. This can be done locally, meaning that the fourth and fifth base materials can be mixed in different ratios at different locations within the dental restoration, resulting in different colors at those locations.Similarly, the color brightness of the dental restoration can be precisely adjusted by selectively mixing the fourth and fifth base materials. This can again be done locally, meaning that the fourth and fifth base materials can be mixed in different ratios at different locations within the restoration, resulting in varying shades of brightness at those points. The fourth, fifth, and sixth base materials differ in opacity. Consequently, the opacity of the dental restoration can be precisely adjusted by selectively mixing the fourth, fifth, and sixth base materials. This can again be done locally, meaning that the fourth and fifth base materials can be mixed in different ratios at different locations within the restoration.The fifth and sixth base materials are mixed in different ratios, resulting in varying opacities of the dental restoration at these points. It follows that a specific mixing ratio between the fourth and fifth base materials, as well as between the fourth and sixth base materials, also yields a fixed mixing ratio between the fifth and sixth base materials. Therefore, in dental restorations—more precisely, in the area of ​​the restoration made from the second type of material—color, brightness, and opacity can be precisely adjusted locally. This gives the dental restoration a natural appearance.

[0045] In an example where the fourth and fifth opacity values ​​are the same, while the sixth opacity value differs, the fourth and fifth opacity values ​​can be higher than the sixth. This is advantageous when a dental restoration being fabricated has a predominantly high opacity. This is the case, for example, with the dentin core of a dental restoration that is a replacement tooth. Locally varying opacities can thus be achieved by reducing the opacity locally—that is, increasing the translucency—by mixing the sixth base material, which has a comparatively high opacity, with a lower opacity value. This is advantageous, for example, for the incisal edge of a replacement tooth.

[0046] In another example, where the fourth and fifth opacity values ​​are the same, while the sixth opacity value differs, the fourth and fifth opacity values ​​can be lower than the sixth. This is advantageous when a dental restoration being fabricated has a predominantly low opacity. This is the case, for example, with a denture base that mimics gums. Locally varying opacities can thus be achieved by locally increasing the opacity—that is, reducing the translucency—by mixing the sixth base material with its higher opacity, based on the comparatively low fourth and fifth opacities. This is advantageous, for example, for mimicking veins in the denture base.

[0047] The material of the first type can be a dental prosthesis material. The material of the second type can be a gingival prosthesis material. Alternatively, the material of the first type can be a gingival prosthesis material and the material of the second type a dental prosthesis material. Consequently, dental restorations can be fabricated according to different variations. In the first variation, the dental restoration comprises one or more replacement teeth. These are made from the dental prosthesis material. In the second variation, the dental restoration comprises a denture base, i.e., a replica of the gums. This is made from the gingival prosthesis material. In the third variation, the dental restoration comprises both a denture base made from the gingival prosthesis material and at least one replacement tooth made from the dental prosthesis material.In all these variations, the dental restoration has a natural appearance.

[0048] In the event that the material of the first material type is a dental prosthesis material, one or more selected from the first color, second color and third color can be a tooth color.

[0049] In the event that the material of the second material type is a gum replacement material, one or more selected from the fourth, fifth and sixth colors can be a gum color.

[0050] In the event that the material of the first material type is a gum replacement material, one or more selected from the first color, second color and third color can be a gum color.

[0051] In the event that the material of the second material type is a dental prosthesis material, one or more selected from the fourth, fifth and sixth colors can be a tooth color.

[0052] In the aforementioned cases, the tooth color can be an empirically determined tooth color. Alternatively or additionally, the gum color can be an empirically determined gum color.

[0053] In one embodiment, the first color is defined by an a-value and a b-value, and the first color brightness by an L-value in a Lab color model. Alternatively or additionally, the second color is defined by an a-value and a b-value, and the second color brightness by an L-value in a Lab color model. Alternatively or additionally, the third color is defined by an a-value and a b-value, and the third color brightness by an L-value in a Lab color model. Alternatively or additionally, the fourth color is defined by an a-value and a b-value, and the fourth color brightness by an L-value in a Lab color model. Alternatively or additionally, the fifth color is defined by an a-value and a b-value, and the fifth color brightness by an L-value in a Lab color model.Alternatively or additionally, the sixth color is defined by an a-value and a b-value, and the sixth color brightness by an L-value in a Lab color model. Thus, one or more colors—first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth—and their respective brightness levels are defined using the Lab color model already explained. This color model uses a brightness value (L-value), an a-value along an axis defined by the colors green and red, and a b-value along an axis defined by the colors yellow and blue to describe colors and brightness levels within the resulting color range or color space. The Lab color model is particularly well-suited for describing common colors and brightness levels for dental restorations.Accordingly, it represents a simple and reliable way to describe one or more colors consisting of first color, second color, third color, fourth color, fifth color and sixth color, as well as first color brightness, second color brightness, third color brightness, fourth color brightness, fifth color brightness and sixth color brightness.

[0054] According to one approach, the area of ​​the dental restoration is built up additively from the material of the first type. Alternatively or additionally, the area of ​​the dental restoration is built up additively from the material of the second type. The dental restoration is thus manufactured using an additive or generative manufacturing process. In this way, patient-specific dental restorations can be produced. These restorations can meet the highest functional (i.e., mechanical) and aesthetic (especially regarding color, brightness, and opacity) requirements. The additive manufacturing of dental restorations involves, for example, layer-by-layer production. Examples of such additive manufacturing processes include Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and other extrusion processes, Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT), and material jetting.The latter is derived from classic inkjet printing (2D printing). All these processes share the advantage that, using the inventive method, lifelike dental restorations can be produced, while requiring only a comparatively small number of starting materials. This simplifies the execution of these additive manufacturing processes, as only a relatively small number of material and / or color channels are needed. Nevertheless, dental restorations with different colors, different brightness levels, and / or different opacities can be produced.

[0055] The problem is further solved by a device according to claim 11.

[0056] Again, the material of the first type can be a dental prosthesis material or a gingival substitute material. Using such a device, a dental restoration can be produced that has at least two sections of different colors and at least two sections of different shades. Such dental restorations have a natural appearance. At the same time, the device is simple to construct, as only a first and a second dispensing unit are required. No further dispensing units for raw materials are needed or used. Consequently, natural-looking dental restorations can be produced with minimal effort using the comparatively simple device according to the invention.Furthermore, the effects, advantages and further explanations mentioned in connection with the method according to the invention also apply in the same way to the device according to the invention.

[0057] It is understood that in the device according to the invention, the first supply unit and the second supply unit as well as the installation space are arranged relative to each other in such a way that the area of ​​the dental restoration can be built up from the material of the first type of material within the installation space.

[0058] The simplicity of the device according to the invention, which uses only a first and a second dispensing unit, becomes particularly evident when compared to devices that employ a larger color range or color space and a wider color brightness range. As already mentioned, a modification of the CMYK color model can be used in this context. If a dental restoration is to be manufactured based on this color model, a white material is additionally required. Furthermore, the CMYK color model can be simplified by mixing black using cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y).To produce a dental restoration, at least four dispensing units are required, wherein a first dispensing unit provides a first starting material of the color cyan, a second dispensing unit provides a second starting material of the color magenta, a third dispensing unit provides a third starting material of the color yellow, and a fourth dispensing unit provides a fourth starting material, which is white. Compared to the device according to the invention, at least four dispensing units are therefore required instead of just two.

[0059] The device according to the invention can be used to carry out the method according to the invention.

[0060] According to the invention, the device further comprises a third dispensing unit for providing a third starting material of the first material type, wherein the third starting material has a third color, a third brightness, and a third opacity. The build-up space for constructing at least one area of ​​the dental restoration from the material of the first material type is formed by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments. Each volume segment is formed exclusively from one or more selected components of the first starting material, the second starting material, and the third starting material. In this embodiment, a third dispensing unit is therefore added. Thus, dental restorations can be produced that have at least two sections of different color, at least two sections of different brightness, and at least two sections of different opacity.This gives the dental restoration a particularly natural appearance. Nevertheless, the device is comparatively simple in design, requiring only three dispensing units. If variable translucency were to be incorporated when using the previously explained, modified CMYK model (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, White (instead of Key / Black)), an additional dispensing unit for transparent material would be needed, resulting in a total of five dispensing units per material type. Furthermore, reference can be made to the explanations regarding the third starting material, which were made in connection with the method according to the invention.

[0061] According to an example, the device is further designed for the production of a dental restoration comprising a material of a second type. The device additionally includes: a fourth provisioning unit for providing a fourth input material of the second material type, wherein the fourth input material has a fourth color, a fourth color brightness and a fourth opacity, a fifth provisioning unit for providing a fifth input material of the second material type, wherein the fifth input material has a fifth color, a fifth color brightness and a fifth opacity,

[0062] The build-up space is designed to construct at least one area of ​​the dental restoration from the material of the second material type by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments. Each volume segment is formed exclusively from one or more selected components of the fourth and fifth base materials. Using the device according to this example, dental restorations can therefore be produced that comprise a material of the first material type and a material of the second material type. In this context, the material of the first material type can be a dental prosthesis material and the material of the second material type a gingival prosthesis material. The reverse is also possible. The areas of the dental restoration made from the material of the second material type are also formed by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments.The fact that even a section of the dental restoration made of a material of the second type has at least two sections of different color and at least two sections of different color brightness gives this section of the dental restoration a lifelike appearance. Furthermore, the device is comparatively simple in design. Overall, it is thus possible to produce a dental restoration that includes at least one section made of the material of the first type and at least one section made of the material of the second type, with both the section made of the material of the first type and the section made of the material of the second type having at least two sections of different color and at least two sections of different color brightness. Consequently, lifelike dental restorations can be produced easily and with minimal effort using this device.

[0063] It is understood that the fourth supply unit, the fifth supply unit and the build space are arranged relative to each other in such a way that the area of ​​the dental restoration can be built up from the material of the second material type within the build space.

[0064] In one embodiment, the device further comprises a sixth dispensing unit for providing a sixth starting material of the second material type, wherein the sixth starting material has a sixth color, a sixth brightness, and a sixth opacity. The build-up space is designed for constructing at least one area of ​​the dental restoration from the material of the second material type by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments. Each volume segment is formed exclusively from one or more selected components of the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials. Thus, in this embodiment, a sixth dispensing unit is added.The fact that the dental restoration, or more precisely, the section of the restoration made from the second material type, has at least two sections of different color, at least two sections of different brightness, and at least two sections of different opacity, gives the restoration a particularly natural appearance. At the same time, the device is comparatively simple in design. Only three supply units are required for the section of the restoration made from the second material type, and only six supply units are needed for the entire restoration. No additional supply units for raw materials are required or used.

[0065] In one example, the device further includes a seventh delivery unit for providing support material in the build space. The support material can be used to produce overhanging or cantilevered sections from one or more selected materials from first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth source materials.

[0066] In the device according to the invention, at least one of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh delivery units can be a 3D print head. In this case, the device constitutes a 3D printing device. Lifelike dental restorations can be produced using this device, which can also be individually designed and manufactured for each patient.

[0067] Furthermore, the problem is solved by a use according to claim 14. The fact that the dental restoration has at least two sections of different color and at least two sections of different color brightness gives the dental restoration a lifelike appearance. According to the invention, this can be achieved using only two starting materials, i.e., the first starting material and the second starting material. No further starting materials are required or used. For this reason, the use according to the invention makes the production of such a dental restoration comparatively simple. In other words, lifelike dental restorations can be produced with minimal effort using the use according to the invention. For further details, reference can be made to the descriptions of the method according to the invention. The variants, effects, and advantages mentioned therein also apply analogously to the use according to the invention.

[0068] According to the invention, only the first starting material of the first material type, the second starting material of the first material type, and a third starting material of the first material type are used to produce the area of ​​the dental restoration from the material of the first material type. The area has at least two sections of different color, at least two sections of different color brightness, and at least two sections of different opacity. In this exemplary embodiment, a third starting material is added. The fact that the dental restoration has at least two sections of different color, at least two sections of different color brightness, and at least two sections of different opacity gives the dental restoration a particularly natural appearance. This is achieved in a comparatively simple way by using only three starting materials.No further starting materials are required or used. Reference is made to the preceding explanations, in particular regarding the process according to the invention.

[0069] According to another example of use, a fourth and a fifth starting material of the second material type are used exclusively to fabricate at least one area of ​​a dental restoration from the material of the second material type. This area has at least two sections of different colors and at least two sections of different shades. The dental restoration to be fabricated thus comprises a material of the first material type and a material of the second material type. In this context, the material of the first material type can be a dental prosthesis material and the material of the second material type a gingival prosthesis material. The reverse is also possible.The fact that even a section of the dental restoration made from the second material type has at least two sections of different color and at least two sections of different shade brightness gives this section of the dental restoration a natural appearance. This can be achieved using only two starting materials, namely the fourth and fifth starting materials. No other starting materials are required or used. For this reason, the dental restoration can be manufactured relatively easily.

[0070] In one example, only the fourth, fifth, and sixth starting materials of the second material type are used to fabricate at least one area of ​​a dental restoration from a material of the second material type. This area has at least two sections of different color, at least two sections of different brightness, and at least two sections of different opacity. In this embodiment, a sixth starting material is added. The fact that the dental restoration, or more precisely, the area of ​​the dental restoration made from the material of the second material type, has at least two sections of different color, at least two sections of different brightness, and at least two sections of different opacity gives the dental restoration a particularly natural appearance.This is achieved in a comparatively simple manner by using only three starting materials. No further starting materials are required or used. Reference is made to the preceding explanations, in particular regarding the process according to the invention.

[0071] It is understood that the aforementioned examples and embodiments can be combined independently of the aspect of the present invention in which they were explained.

[0072] Furthermore, the present invention and the underlying idea were explained using the material of the first material type and the material of the second material type. It should be understood, however, that the mention of the material of the first material type and the material of the second material type is not exhaustive. A material of a third material type, a material of a fourth material type, and so on, can also be used. The ideas and concepts underlying the invention can also be applied to materials of further material types. Generally speaking, materials of n material types can therefore be used. The dental restoration thus comprises n areas, each of the n areas being made of a material of an associated material type.

[0073] The process according to the invention can, in principle, be carried out using either plastic materials or ceramic materials. In the first case, all starting materials are plastic materials, and in the second case, all starting materials are ceramic materials. The ceramic materials can, for example, be processed in the form of a slurry. Combinations of plastic and ceramic materials are also conceivable.

[0074] The invention is explained below with reference to various embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. These show: Figure 1 shows a device according to the invention for producing a dental restoration, wherein a method according to the invention is carried out by means of the device; Figure 2 shows the dental restoration made of Figure 1In a detailed view, Figure 3 is an illustration of the optical properties of starting materials of a first material type and Figure 4 is an illustration of the optical properties of starting materials of a second material type.

[0075] Figure 1 shows a device 10 for the production of a dental restoration 12.

[0076] In the illustrated embodiment, the device 10 is designed to produce the dental restoration 12 using an additive manufacturing process.

[0077] The device 10 can therefore also be referred to as a 3D printing device or 3D printer.

[0078] The device 10 comprises a storage device 14 on which the dental restoration 12 to be manufactured can be additively built.

[0079] Furthermore, the device 10 comprises an insertion unit 16, which is designed to insert starting materials, which will be explained in more detail later and from which the dental restoration 12 is built up using the device 10, into a construction space 18 of the device 10.

[0080] For this purpose, the insertion unit 16 is mounted so as to be movable relative to the positioning device 14 within the installation space 18.

[0081] The delivery unit 16 comprises a total of seven provision units.

[0082] A first provisioning unit 20 is designed to provide a first starting material M1 of a first material type.

[0083] A second supply unit 22 is designed to supply a second input material M2 of the first material type.

[0084] A third provisioning unit 24 is designed to provide a third input material M3 of the first material type.

[0085] A fourth provisioning unit 26 is designed to provide a fourth input material M4 of a second material type.

[0086] A fifth provisioning unit 28 is designed to provide a fifth input material M5 of the second material type.

[0087] A sixth provisioning unit 30 is designed to provide a sixth input material M6 of the second material type.

[0088] A seventh provisioning unit 32 is designed to provide support material M7.

[0089] In the illustrated embodiments, the first material type relates to a dental prosthesis material and the second material type to a gum prosthesis material.

[0090] The dental prosthesis material is a flowable mixture of methacrylate(s) and / or acrylate(s) with fillers for high abrasion resistance and dyes / pigments.

[0091] The gum replacement material is a flowable mixture of methacrylate(s) and / or acrylate(s) and dyes / pigments. Optionally, the gum replacement material also contains additives to increase its fracture toughness.

[0092] The initial source material M1 has a first color F1, a first brightness H1, and a first opacity O1. The first color F1 is defined by an a-value and a b-value in a Lab color model. The first brightness H1 is defined by an L-value in the Lab color model.

[0093] The second source material M2 has a second color F2, a second brightness H2, and a second opacity O2. The second color F2 is defined by an a-value and a b-value in a Lab color model. The second brightness H2 is defined by an L-value in the Lab color model.

[0094] The third source material M3 has a third color F3, a third brightness H3, and a third opacity O3. The third color F3 is defined by an a-value and a b-value in a Lab color model. The third brightness H3 is defined by an L-value in the Lab color model.

[0095] The fourth source material, M4, has a fourth color, F4, a fourth brightness, H4, and a fourth opacity, O4. The fourth color, F4, is defined by an a-value and a b-value in a Lab color model. The fourth brightness, H4, is defined by an L-value in the Lab color model.

[0096] The fifth source material M5 has a fifth color F5, a fifth brightness H5, and a fifth opacity O5. The fifth color F5 is defined by an a-value and a b-value in a Lab color model. The fifth brightness H5 is defined by an L-value in the Lab color model.

[0097] The sixth source material M6 has a sixth color F6, a sixth brightness H6, and a sixth opacity O6. The sixth color F6 is defined by an a-value and a b-value in a Lab color model. The sixth brightness H6 is defined by an L-value in the Lab color model.

[0098] The support material M7 also has a color, a brightness, and an opacity. However, since the support material does not become part of the dental restoration 12, its color, brightness, and opacity are irrelevant.

[0099] It is noted that in Figure 1 The dental restoration 12 to be produced is shown in its finished state for the purpose of simpler explanation. It is understood that this dental restoration 12 is built up layer by layer using the device 10, for example, by spatially arranging volume segments V. For the sake of clarity, the view from Figure 2 Only a few volume segments V are shown. Furthermore, the volume segments V are depicted as greatly enlarged.

[0100] In the illustrated embodiment, the dental restoration 12 comprises a denture base 34 and a replacement tooth 36. The denture base 34 replicates natural gum tissue and the replacement tooth 36 replicates a natural tooth.

[0101] For this purpose, the replacement tooth 36 is made from the material of the first type of material, i.e. the first starting material M1, the second starting material M2 and the third starting material M3.

[0102] The prosthesis base 34 is made from the material of the second type of material, i.e. the fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5 and the sixth starting material M6.

[0103] It is understood that the dental restoration 12 shown in the figures is purely illustrative. Depending on the application, other dental restorations 12 are also conceivable. In particular, dental restorations 12 are conceivable that comprise only one or more replacement teeth 36 and do not require a denture base. Likewise, dental restorations 12 are conceivable that comprise only a denture base 34, i.e., no replacement teeth 36.

[0104] In the illustrated embodiment, the replacement tooth 36 is a true-to-life replica of a natural tooth. This is evident in the fact that the replacement tooth 36 has a first section 36a, which replicates a tooth neck, a second section 36b, which replicates a dentin core, and a third section 36c, which replicates a tooth incisal edge.

[0105] The first section 36a, the second section 36b and the third section 36c differ in terms of their color, their color brightness and their opacity.

[0106] In this context, the first section 36a has a cervical color FH, a cervical color brightness HH and a cervical opacity OH.

[0107] The second section 36b has a dentin core colour FK, a dentin core colour brightness HK and a dentin core opacity OK.

[0108] The third section 36c has an incisal color FS, an incisal color brightness HS and an incisal opacity OS.

[0109] In the illustrated embodiment, the denture base 34 is also a lifelike replica of natural gingiva. This is evident in the fact that the denture base 34 has several sections that differ in color, brightness, and opacity. In the illustrated embodiment, two exemplary sections 34a and 34b are shown, of which the first section 34a replicates gingival tissue and the second section 34b replicates mucosa.

[0110] In this context, the first section 34a has a gingival tissue colour FF, a gingival tissue colour brightness HF and a gingival tissue opacity OF.

[0111] The second section 34b has a mucosal color FC, a mucosal color brightness HC and a mucosal opacity OC.

[0112] The dental restoration 12 is produced using a procedure for manufacturing a dental restoration, which will be explained below.

[0113] In the first group of steps, the starting materials M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 are provided.

[0114] More precisely, in a first step S1 the first starting material M1 is provided.

[0115] Furthermore, in a second step S2, the second starting material M2 is provided.

[0116] Furthermore, in a third step S3, the third starting material M3 is provided.

[0117] Depending on the dental restoration to be produced, the first step S1, the second step S2 and the third step S3 can be carried out in parallel or one after the other.

[0118] The first starting material M1, the second starting material M2, and the third starting material M3 are explained in more detail in the following sections to illustrate their properties. Figure 3 represented by circles arranged in a triangle.

[0119] In the illustrated embodiment, the first color F1 and the third color F3 are the same. The second color F2 differs from the first color F1 and the third color F3.

[0120] Regarding color brightness, the first color brightness (H1) and the third color brightness (H3) are the same. The second color brightness (H2) differs from the first color brightness (H1) and the third color brightness (H3).

[0121] Expressed in the Lab color model, the first starting material M1 and the third starting material have the same color.

[0122] In contrast, the second starting material M2 has a different color.

[0123] For example, the first shade F1 and the first brightness H1 can be chosen so that the color of the first starting material M1 corresponds to or closely matches the shade "Bleach 3" in the widely used VITA Tooth Shades scheme. It is understood that, because the first shade F1 and the first brightness H1 are defined in the Lab color model, the shade "Bleach 3" in the VITA Tooth Shades scheme may not be matched exactly.

[0124] The third starting material M3 then has the same color as the first starting material M1, i.e. a color that corresponds to or is close to the color "Bleach 3" in the VITA Tooth Shades scheme.

[0125] The second shade F2 and the second shade brightness H2 can be chosen so that the color of the second starting material M2 corresponds to or closely matches shade "A3.5" in the VITA Tooth Shades scheme. As mentioned previously, it is understood that because the second shade F2 and the second shade brightness H2 are defined in the Lab shade model, shade "A3.5" in the VITA Tooth Shades scheme may not be matched exactly.

[0126] Regarding opacities O1, O2, and O3, the first opacity O1 and the second opacity O2 are the same. The third opacity O3, however, is different.

[0127] The first opacity O1 and the second opacity O2 are higher than the third opacity O3. In other words, the third starting material M3 has a higher translucency than the first starting material M1 and the second starting material M2.

[0128] More generally speaking, two colors, in this case the third color F3 and the first color F1, selected from the first color F1, second color F2, and third color F3, are therefore identical. At the same time, two colors, in this case the first color F1 and the second color F2, or the second color F2 and the third color F2, selected from the first color F1, second color F2, and third color F3, are different.

[0129] Furthermore, two colors, in this case the first color brightness H1 and the third color brightness H3, selected from the first color brightness H1, second color brightness H2, and third color brightness H3, are identical. Likewise, two colors, in this case the first color brightness H1 and the second color brightness H2, or the second color brightness H2 and the third color brightness H3, selected from the first color brightness H1, second color brightness H2, and third color brightness H3, are different.

[0130] Furthermore, two opacity values, in this case the first opacity O1 and the second opacity O2, selected from first opacity O1, second opacity O2, and third opacity O3, are identical. Simultaneously, two opacity values, in this case the first opacity O1 and the third opacity O3, or the third opacity O3 and the second opacity O2, selected from first opacity O1, second opacity O3, and third opacity O3, are different.

[0131] It is noted that the pair of starting materials M1, M2, M3 with the same color and brightness differs from the pair of starting materials M1, M2, M3 with the same opacity. These pairs are therefore not congruent.

[0132] In addition, in a fourth step S4, the fourth starting material M4 is provided.

[0133] In a fifth step, S5, the fifth starting material M5 is also provided.

[0134] Additionally, in a sixth step S6, the sixth starting material M6 is provided.

[0135] Depending on the shape and structure of the dental restoration, the fourth step S4, the fifth step S5 and the sixth step S6 can take place either in parallel or sequentially.

[0136] Furthermore, one or more selected steps from the fourth step S4, the fifth step S5 and the sixth step S6 can run in parallel or sequentially with reference to one or more selected steps from the first step S1, the second step S2 and the third step S3.

[0137] The fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5, and the sixth starting material M6 are described in more detail below to explain their properties. Figure 4 represented by circles arranged in a triangle.

[0138] In the illustrated embodiment, the fifth color F5 and the sixth color F6 are the same. The fourth color F4 differs from the fifth color F5 and the sixth color F6.

[0139] Regarding color brightness, the fifth color brightness (H5) and the sixth color brightness (H6) are the same. The fourth color brightness (H4) differs from the fifth color brightness (H5) and the sixth color brightness (H6).

[0140] Expressed in the Lab color model, the fifth starting material M5 and the sixth starting material M6 have the same color.

[0141] In contrast, the fourth starting material, M4, has a different color.

[0142] For example, the fifth color F5 and the fifth color brightness H5 can be chosen such that the color of the fifth source material M5 is a wine red.

[0143] The sixth starting material M6 then has the same color as the fifth starting material M5, i.e., also wine red.

[0144] The fourth color F4 and the fourth color brightness H4 can be chosen so that the color of the fourth source material is pink.

[0145] Regarding opacities O4, O5, and O6, the fourth opacity O4 and the fifth opacity O5 are the same. The sixth opacity O6, however, is different.

[0146] The fourth opacity O4 and the fifth opacity O5 are lower than the sixth opacity O6. In other words, the sixth starting material M6 has a lower translucency than the fourth starting material M4 and the fifth starting material M5.

[0147] More generally speaking, two colors, in this case the fifth color F5 and the sixth color F6, selected from the fourth color F4, fifth color F5, and sixth color F6, are therefore the same. At the same time, two colors, in this case the fourth color F4 and the fifth color F5, or the fourth color F4 and the sixth color F6, selected from the fourth color F4, fifth color F5, and sixth color F6, are different.

[0148] Furthermore, two colors, in this case the fifth color brightness H5 and the sixth color brightness H6, selected from the fourth color brightness H4, fifth color brightness H5, and sixth color brightness H6, are identical. Likewise, two colors, in this case the fourth color brightness H4 and the fifth color brightness H5, or the fourth color brightness H4 and the sixth color brightness H6, selected from the fourth color brightness H4, fifth color brightness H5, and sixth color brightness H6, are different.

[0149] Furthermore, two opacity values, in this case the fourth opacity O4 and the fifth opacity O5, selected from the fourth opacity O4, fifth opacity O5, and sixth opacity O6, are identical. At the same time, two opacity values, in this case the fourth opacity O4 and the sixth opacity O6, or the fifth opacity O5 and the sixth opacity O6, selected from the fourth opacity O4, fifth opacity O5, and sixth opacity O6, are different.

[0150] It is noted that the pair of starting materials M4, M5, M6 with the same color and brightness differs from the pair of starting materials M4, M5, M6 with the same opacity. These pairs are therefore not congruent.

[0151] The starting materials M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 are provided using the respective assigned provisioning units 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30.

[0152] In a subsequent seventh step S7, the areas of the dental restoration 12 are then built up from the material of the second material type, i.e., those areas of the dental restoration 12 made of gingival substitute material. In this case, the denture base 34 represents such an area.

[0153] For this purpose, a plurality of volume segments V or voxels are arranged spatially.

[0154] Each volume segment V or voxel is formed exclusively from one or more selected materials from the fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5 and the sixth starting material M6.

[0155] In other words, each volume segment V can consist exclusively of the fourth starting material M4, exclusively of the fifth starting material M5, or exclusively of the sixth starting material M6.

[0156] Each volume segment V can also comprise a mixture of fourth starting material M4 and fifth starting material M5, a mixture of fourth starting material M4 and sixth starting material M6, or a mixture of fifth starting material M5 and sixth starting material M6.

[0157] Furthermore, it is possible that each volume segment V comprises a mixture of the fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5 and the sixth starting material M6.

[0158] Thus, by appropriately mixing or providing the pure starting materials M4, M5, and M6, a color, brightness, and opacity can be defined for each volume segment V. Materials other than the fourth starting material M4, the fifth starting material M5, and the sixth starting material M6 are not used for fabricating the area of ​​the dental restoration from the material of the second type, i.e., the gingival substitute material.

[0159] In this way, section 34a is provided with a gingival tissue colour FF, a gingival tissue colour brightness HF and a gingival tissue opacity OF.

[0160] For this purpose, the mixture of 25% of the fourth starting material M4, 67.5% of the fifth starting material M5, and 7.5% of the sixth starting material M6 can be used to produce section 34a of the denture base 34. This mixture therefore has the gingival tissue color FF, the gingival tissue color brightness HF, and the gingival tissue opacity OF.

[0161] Section 34b is marked with a mucosal color FC, a mucosal color brightness HC and a mucosal opacity OC.

[0162] For this purpose, the mixture of 67.5% of the fourth starting material M4, 25% of the fifth starting material M5, and 7.5% of the sixth starting material M6 can be used to produce section 34b of the denture base 34. This mixture therefore has the mucosal color FC, the mucosal color brightness HC, and the mucosal opacity OC. Alternatively, the sixth starting material M6 can be used in its pure form.

[0163] The construction of the prosthesis base 34 is therefore additive, i.e., volume segment or voxel by volume segment.

[0164] In a subsequent eighth step, S8, the areas of dental restoration 12 are then built up from the material of the first material type, i.e., those areas of dental restoration 12 made of dental prosthesis material. In this case, the replacement tooth 36 represents such an area.

[0165] For the sake of simplicity, the eighth step S8 is described separately from the seventh step S7. In reality, the seventh step S7 and the eighth step S8 can also occur in parallel or alternately.

[0166] For this purpose, a plurality of volume segments V or voxels are arranged spatially.

[0167] Each volume segment V or voxel is formed exclusively from one or more selected materials from the first starting material M1, the second starting material M2 and the third starting material M3.

[0168] In other words, each volume segment V can consist exclusively of the first starting material M1, exclusively of the second starting material M2, or exclusively of the third starting material M3.

[0169] Each volume segment V can also comprise a mixture of first starting material M1 and second starting material M2, a mixture of first starting material M1 and third starting material M3, or a mixture of second starting material M2 and third starting material M3.

[0170] Furthermore, it is possible that each volume segment V comprises a mixture of the first starting material M1, the second starting material M2 and the third starting material M3.

[0171] To better understand this concept, in Figure 3A total of four different mixtures of the starting materials M1, M2, M3 were entered, each exhibiting different colors, brightness levels and opacities.

[0172] Thus, by appropriately mixing or providing the raw materials M1, M2, and M3 in their pure form, a color, a brightness, and an opacity can be defined for each volume segment V. Raw materials beyond the first raw material M1, the second raw material M2, and the third raw material M3 are not used to fabricate the area of ​​the dental restoration from the material of the first type, i.e., the dental prosthesis material.

[0173] In this context, the mixture of 25% of the first starting material M1, 0% of the second starting material M2, and 75% of the third starting material M3 can be used to produce the third section 36c of the replacement tooth 36, which replicates a tooth incisal edge. This mixture therefore has the tooth incisal edge color FS, the tooth incisal edge color brightness HS, and the tooth incisal edge opacity OS.

[0174] Furthermore, the mixture of 0% of the first starting material M1, 50% of the second starting material M2, and 50% of the third starting material M3 can be used to fabricate the second section 36b of the replacement tooth 36, which replicates a dentin core. This mixture therefore has the dentin core color FK, the dentin core lightness HK, and the dentin core opacity OK. This mixture is particularly well-suited for a dentin core of a back tooth or molar. Alternatively, for the second section 36b of a replacement tooth 36, which replicates an anterior tooth, the mixture of 50% of the first starting material M1, 0% of the second starting material M2, and 50% of the third starting material M3 can be used.

[0175] The mixture of 25% of the first starting material M1, 50% of the second starting material M2, and 25% of the third starting material M3 can also be used to produce the first section 36a of the replacement tooth 36, which replicates a tooth neck. This mixture therefore has the tooth neck shade FH, the tooth neck shade brightness HH, and the tooth neck opacity OH.

[0176] In this way, section 36a receives a cervical color FH, a cervical color brightness HH and a cervical opacity OH.

[0177] The second section 36b receives a dentin core colour FK, a dentin core colour brightness HK and a dentin core opacity OK.

[0178] The third section 36c is assigned an incisal color FS, an incisal color brightness HS and an incisal opacity OS.

[0179] The replacement tooth 36 is therefore built up additively, i.e., volume segment or voxel by volume segment.

[0180] This method is carried out using the device 10. It is understood that the build-up space 18 for constructing the area of ​​the dental restoration 12 from the material of the first type of material, i.e., the dental prosthesis material, is formed by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments V. Furthermore, the build-up space 18 for constructing the area of ​​the dental restoration 12 from the material of the second type of material, i.e., the gingival prosthesis material, is formed by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments V.

[0181] In summary, in the illustrated embodiment, only the first starting material M1 of the first material type, the second starting material M2 of the first material type, and the third starting material M3 of the first material type are used to fabricate a section of the dental restoration 12 from the material of the first material type, in this case, the replacement tooth 36. No other starting materials are used to fabricate the section of the dental restoration 12 from the material of the first material type.

[0182] Furthermore, in the illustrated embodiment, only the fourth starting material M4 of the second material type, the fifth starting material M5 of the second material type, and the sixth starting material M6 of the second material type are used to produce a section of the dental restoration 12 from the material of the second material type, in this case the denture base 34. No other starting materials are used to produce the section of the dental restoration 12 from the material of the second material type. Reference symbol list

[0183] 10 Device for the fabrication of a dental restoration 12 Dental restoration 14 Storage device 16 Insertion unit 18 Workspace 20 First staging unit 22 Second staging unit 24 Third staging unit 26 Fourth staging unit 28 Fifth staging unit 30 Sixth staging unit 32 Seventh staging unit 34 Denture base 34a First section of the denture base 34b Second section of the denture base 36 Replacement tooth 36a First section of the replacement tooth 36b Second section of the replacement tooth 36c Third section of the replacement tooth F1 first color F2 second color F3 third color F4 fourth color F5 fifth color F6 sixth color FH cervical color FKD dentin core color FSF incisal color FFZ gingival tissue color FC mucosal color H1 first color brightness H2 second color brightness H3 third color brightness H4 fourth color brightness H5 fifth color brightness H6 sixth color brightness HH cervical color brightness HKD dentin core color brightness HS incisal color brightness HFZ gingival tissue color brightness HHC mucosal color brightness O1 first opacity O2 second opacity O3 third opacity O4 fourth opacity O5 fifth opacity O6 sixth opacity OH cervical opacity OK dentin core opacity OS incisal opacity OF gingival tissue opacity OCM mucosal opacity M1 first starting material M2 second starting material M3 third starting material M4 fourth starting material M5 fifth starting material M6 sixth starting material M7 support material S1 first step S2 second step S3 third step S4 fourth step S5 fifth step S6 sixth step S7 seventhStep S8 eighth step V volume segment

Claims

1. Method for producing a dental restoration (12) from at least one material of a first material type, a region of the dental restoration (12) made of the material of the first material type having at least two portions (36a, 36b, 36c) of different colour, at least two portions (36a, 36b, 36c) of different colour brightness and at least two portions (36a, 36b, 36c) of different opacity, comprising: - providing a first starting material (M1) of the first material type, the first starting material (M1) having a first colour (F1), a first colour brightness (H1) and a first opacity (O1) (S1), - providing a second starting material (M2) of the first material type, the second starting material (M2) having a second colour (F2), a second colour brightness (H2) and a second opacity (O2) (S2), - providing a third starting material (M3) of the first material type, the third starting material (M3) having a third colour (F3), a third colour brightness (H3) and a third opacity (O3) (S3), - constructing the region of the dental restoration (12) from the material of the first material type by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments (V), each volume segment (V) being formed exclusively from one or more selected from first starting material (M1), second starting material (M2) and third starting material (M3), two selected from first colour (F1), second colour (F2) and third colour (F3) being the same and / or two selected from first colour (F1), second colour (F2) and third colour (F3) being different, two selected from first colour brightness (H1), second colour brightness (H2) and third colour brightness (H3) being the same and / or two selected from first colour brightness (H1), second colour brightness (H2) and third colour brightness (H3) being different, two selected from first opacity (O1), second opacity (O2) and third opacity (O3) being the same and / or two selected from first opacity (O1), second opacity (O2) and third opacity (O3) being different, characterised in that the first colour (F1) and the second colour (F2) are different, the third colour (F3) and the first colour (F1) being the same, the first colour brightness (H1) and the second colour brightness (H2) being different, the third colour brightness (H3) and the first colour brightness (H1) being the same, the first opacity (O1) and the second opacity (O2) being the same, and the first opacity (O1) and the third opacity (O3) being different.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the dental restoration (12) additionally comprises a material of a second material type, a region of the dental restoration (12) made of the material of the second material type having at least two portions (34a, 34b) of different colour and at least two portions (34a, 34b) of different colour brightness, further comprising: - providing a fourth starting material (M4) of the second material type, the fourth starting material (M4) having a fourth colour (F4), a fourth colour brightness (H4) and a fourth opacity (O4) (S4), - providing a fifth starting material (M5) of the second material type, the fifth starting material (M5) having a fifth colour (F5), a fifth colour brightness (H5) and a fifth opacity (O5) (S5), - constructing the region of the dental restoration (12) from the material of the second material type by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments (V), each volume segment (V) being formed exclusively from one or more selected from fourth starting material (M4) and fifth starting material (M5).

3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the region of the dental restoration (12) made of the material of the second material type additionally comprises at least two portions (34a, 34b) of different opacity, further comprising: - providing a sixth starting material (M6) of the second material type, the sixth starting material (M6) having a sixth colour (F6), a sixth colour brightness (H6) and a sixth opacity (O6) (S6), - constructing the region of the dental restoration (12) from the material of the second material type by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments (V), each volume segment (V) being formed exclusively from one or more selected from fourth starting material (M4), fifth starting material (M5) and sixth starting material (M6) (S7).

4. Method according to claim 3, wherein two selected from fourth colour (F4), fifth colour (F5) and sixth colour (F6) are the same and / or wherein two selected from fourth colour (F4), fifth colour (F5) and sixth colour (F6) are different.

5. Method according to either claim 3 or claim 4, wherein two selected from fourth colour brightness (H4), fifth colour brightness (H5) and sixth colour brightness (H6) are the same and / or wherein two selected from fourth colour brightness (H4), fifth colour brightness (H5) and sixth colour brightness (H6) are different.

6. Method according to any of claims 3 to 5, wherein two selected from fourth opacity (O4), fifth opacity (O5) and sixth opacity (O6) are the same and / or wherein two selected from fourth opacity (O4), fifth opacity (O5) and sixth opacity (O6) are different.

7. Method according to claims 4, 5 and 6, wherein the fourth colour (F4) and the fifth colour (F5) are different, the sixth colour (F6) and the fifth colour (F5) being the same, the fourth colour brightness (H4) and the fifth colour brightness (H5) being different, the sixth colour brightness (H6) and the fifth colour brightness (H5) being the same, the fourth opacity (O4) and the fifth opacity (O5) being the same, and the fourth opacity (O4) and the sixth opacity (O6) being different.

8. Method according to any of claims 2 to 7, wherein the material of the first material type is a dental prosthesis material and wherein the material of the second material type is a gum prosthesis material, or wherein the material of the first material type is a gum prosthesis material and wherein the material of the second material type is a dental prosthesis material.

9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first colour (F1) is defined by an a-value and a b-value and the first colour brightness (H1) by an L-value in a Lab colour model, and / or wherein the second colour (F2) is defined by an a-value and a b-value and the second colour brightness (H2) by an L-value in a Lab colour model, and / or wherein the third colour (F3) is defined by an a-value and a b-value and the third colour brightness (H3) by an L-value in a Lab colour model, and / or wherein the fourth colour (F4) is defined by an a-value and a b-value and the fourth colour brightness (H4) by an L-value in a Lab colour model, and / or wherein the fifth colour (F5) is defined by an a-value and a b-value and the fifth colour brightness (H5) by an L-value in a Lab colour model, and / or wherein the sixth colour (F6) is defined by an a-value and a b-value and the sixth colour brightness (H6) by an L-value in a Lab colour model.

10. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the region of the dental restoration (12) made of the material of the first material type is constructed additively and / or wherein the region of the dental restoration (12) made of the material of the second material type is constructed additively.

11. Device (10) for producing a dental restoration (12) from at least one material of a first material type, comprising: - a first provisioning unit (20) for providing a first starting material (M1) of the first material type, the first starting material (M1) having a first colour (F1), a first colour brightness (H1) and a first opacity (O1), - a second provisioning unit (22) for providing a second starting material (M2) of the first material type, the second starting material (M2) having a second colour (F2), a second colour brightness (H2) and a second opacity (O2), - a third provisioning unit (24) for providing a third starting material (M3) of the first material type, the third starting material (M3) having a third colour (F3), a third colour brightness (H3) and a third opacity (O3), and - a construction space (18) for constructing at least one region of the dental restoration (12) from the material of the first material type by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments (V), each volume segment (V) being formed exclusively from one or more selected from first starting material (M1), second starting material (M2) and third starting material (M3), two selected from first colour (F1), second colour (F2) and third colour (F3) being the same and / or two selected from first colour (F1), second colour (F2) and third colour (F3) being different, two selected from first colour brightness (H1), second colour brightness (H2) and third colour brightness (H3) being the same and / or two selected from first colour brightness (H1), second colour brightness (H2) and third colour brightness (H3) being different, two selected from first opacity (O1), second opacity (O2) and third opacity (O3) being the same and / or two selected from first opacity (O1), second opacity (O2) and third opacity (O3) being different, characterised in that the first colour (F1) and the second colour (F2) are different, the third colour (F3) and the first colour (F1) being the same, the first colour brightness (H1) and the second colour brightness (H2) being different, the third colour brightness (H3) and the first colour brightness (H1) being the same, the first opacity (O1) and the second opacity (O2) being the same, and the first opacity (O1) and the third opacity (O3) being different.

12. Device (10) according to claim 11, wherein the device (10) is further configured for producing a dental restoration (12) comprising a material of a second material type, comprising: - a fourth provisioning unit (26) for providing a fourth starting material (M4) of the second material type, the fourth starting material (M4) having a fourth colour (F4), a fourth colour brightness (H4) and a fourth opacity (O4), - a fifth provisioning unit (28) for providing a fifth starting material (M5) of the second material type, the fifth starting material (M5) having a fifth colour (F5), a fifth colour brightness (H5) and a fifth opacity (O5), wherein the construction space (18) for constructing at least one region of the dental restoration (12) from the material of the second material type is formed by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments (V), and wherein each volume segment (V) is formed exclusively from one or more selected from fourth starting material (M4) and fifth starting material (M5).

13. Device (10) according to claim 12, further comprising a sixth provisioning unit (30) for providing a sixth starting material (M6) of the second material type, wherein the sixth starting material (M6) has a sixth colour (F6), a sixth colour brightness (H6) and a sixth opacity (O6), wherein the construction space (18) for constructing at least one region of the dental restoration (12) from the material of the second material type is formed by spatially arranging a plurality of volume segments (V), and wherein each volume segment (V) is formed exclusively from one or more selected from fourth starting material (M4), fifth starting material (M5) and sixth starting material (M6).

14. Use of exclusively a first starting material (M1) of a first material type, a second starting material (M2) of the first material type and a third starting material (M1) of the first material type to produce at least one region of a dental restoration (12) from a material of the first material type, the region having at least two portions of different colour, at least two portions of different colour brightness and at least two portions of different opacity, the first starting material (M1) having a first colour (F1), a first colour brightness (H1) and a first opacity (O1), the second starting material (M2) having a second colour (F2), a second colour brightness (H2) and a second opacity (O2), the third starting material (M3) having a third colour (F3), a third colour brightness (H3) and a third opacity (O3), two selected from first colour (F1), second colour (F2) and third colour (F3) being the same and / or two selected from first colour (F1), second colour (F2) and third colour (F3) being different, two selected from first colour brightness (H1), second colour brightness (H2) and third colour brightness (H3) being the same and / or two selected from first colour brightness (H1), second colour brightness (H2) and third colour brightness (H3) being different, two selected from first opacity (O1), second opacity (O2) and third opacity (O3) being the same and / or two selected from first opacity (O1), second opacity (O2) and third opacity (O3) being different, characterised in that the first colour (F1) and the second colour (F2) are different. the third colour (F3) and the first colour (F1) being the same, the first colour brightness (H1) and the second colour brightness (H2) being different, the third colour brightness (H3) and the first colour brightness (H1) being the same, the first opacity (O1) and the second opacity (O2) being the same, and the first opacity (O1) and the third opacity (O3) being different.

Images