Component for producing building parts such as walls and ceilings

Abstract

A component for producing building parts, such as walls and ceilings, has two outer parts (2, 3) arranged at a distance from one another and at least one inner part (4) arranged between the outer parts (2, 3). The inner part (4) has at least one first part (5) adjacent to an outer part (3) and a second part (6) adjacent to the upper outer part (2), which has at least one vibration-capable leg, which protrudes from a third part connecting the first part (5) to the second part (6), is spaced apart from the first part (5) by at least one slot (7) and on its side facing away from the first part (5) has at least one recess (9), which is bridged by the upper outer part (2) and delimited at one end by a projection that has a contact surface (8), on which the upper outer part (2) is mounted, so that an overall vibration-capable mounting results for the one outer part, which leads to a decoupling of structure-borne noise between the two outer parts (2, 3).

Description

[0001] Component for the production of building parts such as walls and ceilings

[0002] The invention relates to a component for the production of building parts such as walls and ceilings, with at least two outer parts arranged at a distance from one another and at least one inner part arranged in the space between the outer parts and connected to the outer parts.

[0003] Acoustic quality is a general requirement for room-dividing components (e.g., ceilings, walls) in buildings. It primarily affects the transmission of airborne and impact sound between rooms within the building. In multi-layer room-dividing components, the shells, usually consisting of panel-like structures, are rigidly connected to each other by beams and studs to ensure load-bearing capacity and bracing. This type of connection leads to a poorly attenuated transmission of vibrations and structure-borne sound between the shells or panels, thus leading to disruptive sound transmission between rooms within the building.

[0004] Known measures to reduce this transmission through decoupling are, for example, placed on or under wooden beams in floor slabs, for example in the form of elements made of elastic material (cf. e.g. Gösele, K. (1993) Timber Construction Handbook - Sound insulation in timber beam ceilings. Ed.: Development Association Timber Construction DGfH, Munich; DE 10227327 Al; Kessinger, J. , Rabold, A. , Saß, B. & Schramm, M. (2020) , Sound insulation in timber construction. In Building Physics Calendar 2020. Ed.: Fouad, NA , Berlin). However, these measures impair the load-bearing capacity and bracing of the floor structure, especially since no mechanical connecting elements can be passed through these elements. Without this impairment, but with the same aim, in some cases the cavities laterally between the beams or studs are filled with damping or weighting material. In addition, elastically mounted masses such as e.g. B. Vibration absorbers (cf. e.g. Gösele, K., (2002) , Improvement of the sound insulation of wooden components by vibration absorbers ("acoustic leeches") . In Building Physics (24, pp. 93-101) ) attached to the plate-like components in order to remove vibration energy from a ceiling or wall construction. Newer variants of vibration absorbers are narrow, elongated formations directly in the wooden beams, which, similar to a rod clamped at one side, carry out resonance-like natural vibrations and also remove vibration energy from the ceiling construction (cf. e.g. Mälaga-Chuquitaype , C. & Ilkanaev, J. (2018) , Novel Digitally-manufactured Wooden Beams for Vibration Reduction. In Structures (Vol. 16 pp . 1-9) ). However, all these additional measures, whether between or on the beams and studs, can only insulate or dampen the sound or vibration energy already introduced into the room-dividing component. For this reason, their effectiveness remains limited, especially with critical airborne and impact sound.

[0005] Against this background, the object of the invention is to design the component of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art are avoided without limiting the load-bearing capacity and stiffening.

[0006] This object of the invention is achieved by a component having the features of patent claim 1.

[0007] The component according to the invention is particularly characterized by its ability to decouple structure-borne sound, which is essentially achieved by the special shape of the inner part, which, thanks to this shape, has a structurally integrated spring effect. The inner part of the component according to the invention has a controlled low dynamic stiffness in a defined axis, e.g., in the vertical direction in ceilings, thereby achieving acoustic decoupling in certain frequency ranges, particularly at low frequencies.

[0008] Advantageous further developments of the component according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0009] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following description of several embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings,

[0010] Fig. 1 shows a schematic section of a component for producing a floor slab according to the prior art;

[0011] Fig. 2 shows a schematically illustrated section of a first embodiment of the component according to the invention for producing a floor slab, wherein the plate-shaped outer part arranged "above" in the vertical direction of the floor slab is shown in dashed lines in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible;

[0012] Fig. 3 shows a schematically illustrated section of a second embodiment of the component according to the invention for producing a floor slab, wherein the plate-shaped outer part arranged "above" in the vertical direction of the floor slab is shown in dashed lines in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible;

[0013] Fig. 4 shows a schematically illustrated section of a third embodiment of the component according to the invention for producing a floor slab, wherein the outer part arranged "above" in the vertical direction of the floor slab is not shown in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible; and

[0014] Fig. 5 shows a schematically illustrated section of a fourth embodiment of a component according to the invention for producing a floor slab, wherein the "lower" outer part in the vertical direction of the floor slab and the "upper" part in the vertical direction of the floor slab are not shown in order to make the shape of the inner part more visible.

[0015] Meaning of reference numbers in the drawings:

[0016] 1 wooden beam

[0017] 2 upper outer part

[0018] 3 lower outer part

[0019] 4 Inside part

[0020] 5 first part

[0021] 6 second part

[0022] 7 slot

[0023] 7a slot

[0024] 8 Touch surface

[0025] 9 Deepening

[0026] 10 space

[0027] 11 Slot

[0028] 12 Oscillating element

[0029] 13 legs

[0030] 14 third part

[0031] 15 lead

[0032] 16 elastic layer

[0033] In the drawings and in the following description, the component according to the invention is shown and described in its application as a component for producing a floor slab of a building, i.e. with vertical spring action of the inner part 4 arranged between a horizontally running upper plate-shaped outer part 2 and a horizontally running lower plate-shaped outer part 3. However, the component according to the invention can also be used as a component for producing partition walls, i.e. with horizontal spring action of the inner part 4, which in this case is installed between the two vertically arranged, plate-shaped outer parts 2, 3.

[0034] Just as the wooden beams 1 between the upper outer part 2 and the lower outer part 3 in double-shell wooden floor ceilings made of conventional components according to Fig. 1, the inner parts 4 of the components according to the invention shown in Figs. 2 to 5 can be used in the same place, whereby they can also serve to ensure the load-bearing capacity and stiffening of the ceiling structure. For this purpose, they are rigidly attached to the outer parts 2, 3 directly, i.e. without further intermediate layers or the like, e.g. by gluing, screwing or nailing. As an alternative to the aforementioned "rigid" connection types, according to a further development of the invention, "movable" connection types can also be used, such as an articulated connection, which is created, for example, by a positive fit of the parts to be connected. Detachable or non-detachable snap-in connections are also conceivable.

[0035] The essential difference to the prior art component according to Fig. 1 lies in the shape of the rod- or beam-shaped inner part 4 in a component according to the invention according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2, which has a rod- or beam-shaped inner part 4, which has a lower part 5 and an upper part 6, which are separated vertically and longitudinally by a slot 7. This creates two legs 13, which achieve a resilient mounting of the upper outer part 2 by additional contact surfaces 8 being formed on the upper side of the inner part 4 of the component by a recess 9 located therebetween. Thanks to this special shape of the inner part 4, a structurally integrated spring effect of the inner part 4 is achieved. The spring effect in the manner of leaf springs results in each case from the upper part 6, which is capable of vibrating, in particular bending vibration, as a result of the slot 7 and the associated contact surface 8.Since this vibration capability also applies to all other upper parts, slots, and contact surfaces, an overall vibration-capable mounting of the upper outer part 2 is created in the vertical direction of the inner part 4. This vibration-capable mounting, in turn, leads to structure-borne sound decoupling between the upper outer part 2 and the lower outer part 3 of the component. The height of the slot 7 can be selected such that the slot remains open under the highest traffic load considered in the planning, i.e. the vibration-capable leg 13 does not touch the first part 5.

[0036] According to the invention, it was recognized that the outer parts 2, 3 are excited to surface vibrations during use of the building, which, when linearly clamped to the inner parts 4 according to the prior art, lead to structure-borne sound transmission. The approximately point-like mounting according to the invention on the contact surfaces 8 contributes to an acoustically advantageous decoupling of the outer parts 2, 3.

[0037] Vibration capability and structure-borne sound decoupling are frequency-dependent, and several influencing parameters must be coordinated with one another for dimensioning. The starting point is the material used and the properties of the upper outer part 2 and lower outer part 3, such as their area-related masses and flexural rigidities. The outer parts 2, 3 can, as in the prior art, be made of wood or wood-based material or of other suitable materials or material combinations. In the simplified sense of a multi-mass oscillator, they determine the spring effect of the inner part 4 that is to be set in order to set a certain frequency range. The spring effect of the inner part 4 is in turn determined not only by the properties of the material used, such as the elasticity but also by the stiffness of the material.the density, the flexural rigidity and the modulus of elasticity, are essentially determined by the geometry (length and cross-section) of the upper part 6, by the length of the underlying slot 7 and the upper contact surface 8. The cross-sections of slot 7 and recess 9 must also be taken into account in order to exclude contact between the upper outer part 2 and recess 9 as well as between the upper outer part 2 and lower part 5 of the inner part 4 of the component according to the invention, even at larger vibration amplitudes.

[0038] Typically, several interior parts 4 are required for a multi-layer room-dividing component. The interior parts 4 can be arranged side by side and connected lengthwise, but can also be distributed in the area between the exterior parts 2, 3.

[0039] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the inner part is shaped so that two legs 13 extending in opposite directions are produced. As a result, a cross-section of the inner part 4 laid in the longitudinal direction of the inner part 4 is double-T-shaped or H-shaped. An alternative to the cross-sectionally double-T-shaped or H-shaped inner part 4, not shown but also belonging to the present invention, is a cross-sectionally U-shaped inner part which takes on this cross-sectional shape when only one leg protrudes from the third part.

[0040] If the vibration-resistant lengths of several upper parts 6 or slots 7 are smaller than the inner part in the longitudinal direction, further vertical slots 10 (slot-shaped spaces) must be provided, as can be seen in Fig. 3, which shows a schematically illustrated second exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention in detail. In this exemplary embodiment, the vibration-resistant lengths of the upper parts 6 or slots 7 are significantly less than the extension of the inner parts 4, and the upper parts 6 are designed as a non-continuous element.

[0041] In cases where, particularly with regard to static integrity, the upper zone of the inner part 4 is not to be impaired, the vertical slots 10 can also be omitted, as shown in Fig. 4, which shows a schematically illustrated section of a third exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, the vibration-resistant lengths of the upper parts 6 or slots 7 are significantly less than the extent of the floor slab in the longitudinal direction of the inner part 4, and the upper parts 6 are designed as a continuous element with connected vibratable legs 13.

[0042] In any case with several internal parts 4 it is possible to design them with regard to their frequency-dependent spring action for different frequency ranges or for different load-bearing capacities and stiffening.

[0043] The effectiveness of the inner parts 4 is independent of the material and can be achieved, for example, with wood or other materials and material combinations. The spring effect to be adjusted in each case is determined by the geometry of the upper part 6 and the lower part 5, taking the material properties into account.

[0044] In addition to the surface-related mass and flexural rigidity of the upper outer part 2 and the lower outer part 3, further design variants are determined by the geometry (cross-section) of the upper part 6 and the length and design of the slot 7. If, for example, greater rigidity of the inner part is required, the width and type of the slot 7 can be adjusted. In addition to a linear design of the slot 7, designs with a uniform, stepped, or other increasing or decreasing thickness are also possible, which influences the shape of the upper part 6. This creates a supported leaf spring in the upper part 6.

[0045] Furthermore, the lower part 5 of the inner part 4 can be designed in the same way as the upper part 6 or have a combination of the aforementioned design variants. This includes the design of a further slot 11 in order to obtain an additional vibrating element 12 within the inner part 4, as can be seen in Fig. 5, which shows a schematically illustrated section of a fourth exemplary embodiment of the component according to the invention. In this exemplary embodiment, an upper slot 7a and an additional slot 11 are provided below the upper slot 7a in the inner part 4, so that an additional vibrating element 12 is formed between these two slots. This vibrating element 12, in the manner of a rod clamped at one side, behaves like a vibration damper. Furthermore, a structure-borne sound-damping insert 13, which consists of an elastic layer with a high mechanical loss factor, is located in the slot 7.This insert fills the slot 7 partially, as shown in Fig. 5, or completely. The insert 13 and the oscillating element 12 can be provided in combination as shown in Fig. 5. Alternatively, instead of a combination of insert 13 and oscillating element 12, only one or more inserts 13 without an oscillating element 12, or one or more oscillating elements 12 without an insert 13 can be provided. In any case, the underside of the lower part 5 of the inner part 4 does not have to be flat as shown. It can also have a different shape, such as the same as the top side of the upper part 6.

[0046] To produce the inner part 4, slots can either be cut or milled into solid wood or comparable wood composite cross-sections, or several wooden elements can be joined together (e.g., glued) to form a corresponding overall shape. The slots can be designed such that they do not cover the entire length of the wooden element, but only a partial section.

[0047] The interior parts 4 can be combined without restrictions with other measures, e.g., damping and weighting elements, in the cavities of multi-layer room-dividing components. Their use in the category of horizontal components, such as ceilings, ceiling supports, and suspended ceilings, also includes stair landings and the like. In vertical structural elements, such as walls, the interior parts 4 can be used, among other things, in interior walls, exterior walls, and load-bearing and non-load-bearing vertical room-dividing components.

[0048] In vertically or diagonally aligned multi-layer room-dividing components, such as partition walls, facing structures, or roof surfaces, the inner parts 4 and all their advantageous configurations are designed and installed in such a way that their structurally integrated spring action is effective in a horizontal direction or perpendicular to the component inclination. In these cases, for example, the upper outer part 2 is to be understood as the front panel and the lower outer part 3 as the rear panel of a wall or the like.

[0049] Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. The above description is therefore not to be regarded as limiting, but as illustrative. The following claims are to be understood in such a way that a stated feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of further features. Where the claims and the above description define "first" and "second" embodiments, this designation serves to distinguish between two similar embodiments without establishing a priority.

Claims

Claims Component for the manufacture of building parts such as walls and ceilings, comprising at least two spaced-apart outer parts (2, 3) and at least one inner part (4) arranged in the space between the outer parts (2, 3), which is rigidly connected to the outer parts (2, 3), characterized in that the inner part (4) has at least one first part (5) adjoining an outer part (3) and a second part (6) adjoining the upper outer part (2), the second part (6) having at least one pivotable leg (13) which projects in one direction from a third part (13) connecting the first part (5) to the second part (6), is spaced from the first part (5) by at least one slot (7) and has at least one recess (9) on its side facing away from the first part (5), which is bridged by the upper outer part (2) and is bounded at one end by a projection (15) having a contact surface (8),on which the upper outer part (2) is mounted. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the second part (6) has a further pivotable leg (13) which projects from the third part (14) in the direction opposite to one direction, is spaced apart from the first part (5) by a further slot (7) and has a further projection (13) which also has a contact surface (8) on which the upper outer part (2) is also mounted, wherein the recess (9) extends between the first projection (13) and the further projection (13) which is located at the other end of the recess (9). Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner part (4) has several second parts (6) and several third parts (14), each of which connects the first part (5) to a respective second part (6), each third part having at least one pivotable leg (13) protrudes, which is spaced apart from the first part (5) by a respective slot (7), each leg (7) has a recess (9) which is bridged by the upper outer part (2) and is bounded at each end by a respective projection (15), and each projection (15) has a respective contact surface (8) on which the upper outer part (2) is supported, wherein each pair of adjacent second parts (6) have two opposing ends which are spaced apart by a slot-shaped gap (10) which opens into two connected slots (7) which extend between each pair of third parts (14) of each pair of adjacent second parts (6).Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner part (4) has several second parts (6) and several third parts (14), each of which connects the first part (5) with a respective second part (6), from each third part (14) two pivotable legs (13) extending in opposite directions protrude, one from each third part. (14) projecting leg is integrally connected with an adjacent leg (13) projecting from each adjacent third part (14), such that the second parts (6) are a continuous single part, wherein a slot (7) extends between each pair of adjacent third parts (14), which is bounded by a section of the first part (5) and two legs (13) integrally connected to each other, wherein the single part consisting of several second parts (6) is on its side facing away from the first part (5). The side has several recesses (9) which are bridged by the upper outer part (2) and each extend between two adjacent projections (15), each of which has a contact surface (8) on which the upper outer part (2) is mounted. A component according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one elastic layer (13) is arranged in a respective slot (7). A component according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a plate-shaped vibration element (12) projects into at least one slot (7), the element projecting from a respective third part (14) and having a free end, and dividing the slot (7) into two adjacent slots (7a, 11). A component according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that several inner parts (4) are arranged at a distance from one another between the outer parts (2, 3) and the lower outer part (3) is mounted on the contact surfaces (8) of all inner parts (4).Component according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the outer parts (2, 3) are each plate-shaped and made of wood or a wood composite material. Component according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inner part (4) or each inner part is made of solid wood or a wood composite material. Floor slab made of one or more components according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the outer parts (2, 3) are plate-shaped and each is horizontally oriented, wherein one outer part (3) forms the underside of the floor slab and the upper outer part (2) forms the top side of the floor slab. A building wall made of one or more components according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the outer parts (2, 3) are plate-shaped and each is vertically oriented, wherein one outer part (3) forms one side of the wall and the other outer part forms the opposite side of the wall. A building wall according to claim 11, characterized in that the building wall is used as an interior or exterior wall of a building.

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