Residual current operated device with all-current sensitive detection of differential currents and charging plug, in-cable control box, charging cable and charger therewith

Abstract

The present invention relates to a residual current operated device (1) according to claim 1. The residual current device (1) is designed for connection in a supply network (2) with at least two supply conductors (3) and comprises - a switching device (4) for interrupting the at least two supply conductors (3), - a sensor (5) for detecting differential currents in the at least two supply conductors (3), and - an actuation circuit (6) designed to detect a differential current between the at least two supply conductors (3) using the sensor (5), and to actuate the switching device (4) to carry out a switching operation when a differential current is detected. The present invention also discloses a charging plug according to claim 11, a connection plug according to claim 12, an in-cable control box (19) according to claim 13, a charging cable (15) according to any one of claims 14 to 16, and a charger (20) according to claim 17.

Description

[0001] Residual current device with all-current sensitive detection of differential currents as well as charging plug, in-cable control box, charging cable and charging device with it

[0002] The present invention relates to a residual current device for connection in a supply network with at least two supply conductors, with a switching device, in particular as a disconnector for interrupting the at least two supply conductors, a sensor for detecting differential currents in the at least two supply conductors, and a control circuit which is designed to detect a differential current between the at least two supply conductors using the sensor and to control the switching device to carry out a switching operation when a differential current is detected.

[0003] The present invention also relates to a charging plug for connecting at least two supply conductors to a charging connection, in particular for connecting to a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle.

[0004] The present invention additionally relates to a connecting plug for connecting at least two supply conductors to a mains connection of a supply network, in particular for connecting a charging cable for an electrically driven vehicle to the mains connection of the supply network.

[0005] The present invention additionally relates to an in-cable control box for insertion into an electrical line with at least two supply conductors, in particular into a charging cable for connecting a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle to a mains connection of a supply network.

[0006] The present invention also relates to a charging cable with a charging plug for connection to a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle and a connecting plug for connection to a mains connection of a supply network, wherein the charging plug and the connecting plug are connected to one another via an electrical line with at least two supply conductors.

[0007] The present invention additionally relates to a charging cable with a charging plug for connection to a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle and a connecting plug for connection to a mains connection of a supply network, wherein the charging plug and the connecting plug are connected to one another via an electrical line with at least two supply conductors.

[0008] The present invention also relates to a charging cable with a charging plug for connection to a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle and a connecting plug for connection to a mains connection of a supply network, wherein the charging plug and the connecting plug are connected to one another via an electrical line with at least two supply conductors, and the charging cable comprises an in-cable control box which is introduced into the electrical line.

[0009] The present invention further relates to a charging device for charging an energy storage device of an electrically driven vehicle via at least two supply conductors of a supply network.

[0010] Sensors for determining differential currents are available in different designs and for different applications, since differential currents can pose a danger to persons and cause fires.

[0011] Differential currents occur when an electrical supply network, in particular a circuit within an electrical supply network, has a defect and as a result a fault current flows to earth within the electrical supply network. The flowing current cannot be detected directly, which is why the supply conductors must be monitored in order to detect a difference between the currents in the supply conductors. Depending on the type and structure of the electrical supply network, differential currents can have alternating current and / or direct current components. In practice, there is an increasing use of electrical systems in which AC and DC supply networks are coupled, particularly in the field of electromobility. For example, batteries in electric vehicles are charged with direct current.Particularly in the home, alternating current is typically provided for charging and must be converted into direct current. Charging stations which provide alternating current for charging are also common. A DC supply network is therefore connected downstream of an AG supply network. As a result, the direct current components of differential currents are becoming increasingly important, even in AG supply networks. Typically, particularly in domestic electrical installations, only a type A residual current device (RCD) is installed, which can monitor the house's internal AC supply network for differential currents with alternating current components. However, type A residual current devices are not suitable for detecting direct current faults or switching off in the event of a fault.

[0012] Therefore, especially in the downstream operation of charging infrastructure or the like via such an AC supply network, universal current sensitive monitoring of differential currents is necessary, which includes a sensor whose measured value leads to the shutdown of the relevant infrastructure when a limit value is exceeded.

[0013] For this reason, type B residual current devices (RCDs) are known for the downstream operation of charging infrastructure or similar devices via AG supply networks. These devices can also detect and monitor DC components of residual currents. However, type B residual current devices are particularly cost-intensive and, for this reason, have not been widely used to date.

[0014] An all-current sensitive residual current device uses its sensor to simultaneously monitor all currents flowing in the phases and the neutral conductor and detects possible DC and AC faults. Depending on the application, the residual current device can independently shut down the system in the event of a fault or report the exceeding of the switching threshold to a higher-level control unit. Since the tolerable fault currents are very small, outstanding measurement accuracy is necessary. In addition, personal safety requires particularly rapid detection and subsequent shutdown of the supply network. Royer oscillators are frequently used to ensure precise fault current measurement, e.g. in vehicle charging cables, wall boxes (household), charging stations (public) or in the vehicle itself, which also reliably detects DC faults.In this concept, the core is driven into saturation, which changes the conduction phase of a transistor and saturates the core in the other direction.

[0015] However, the available applications are often very large and cost-intensive, which is why detection of DC faults is often not possible or is provided separately.

[0016] The object of the present invention is to provide a residual current device, a charging plug, an in-cable control box, a charging cable and a charging device of the type mentioned above which at least partially overcome the problems described above. A further object of the present invention is to provide a residual current device, a charging plug, an in-cable control box, a charging cable and a charging device of the type mentioned above which enable simple and safe operation of a supply network with a DC supply network connected thereto and which in particular enable simple, efficient and safe charging of electrical energy storage devices of electrically powered vehicles.

[0017] The object underlying the present invention is achieved by a residual current device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the residual current device are described in claims 2 to 11 dependent on claim 1. More precisely, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a residual current device for connection to a supply network with at least two supply conductors, with a switching device, in particular as a disconnector for interrupting the at least two supply conductors, a sensor for detecting differential currents in the at least two supply conductors, and a control circuit which is designed to detect a differential current between the at least two supply conductors using the sensor and to control the switching device to carry out a switching operation when a differential current is detected.

[0018] The residual current device according to the invention is characterized in that the sensor has a magnetic field sensitive component with a through opening through which the at least two supply conductors are led, and at least one excitation and sensor winding which encloses the magnetic field sensitive component with a plurality of turns, the magnetic field sensitive component consists of a soft magnetic material, the control circuit is designed to control the sensor and to detect alternating current components and / or direct current components of the differential current in the at least two supply conductors via the at least one excitation and sensor winding, and the switching device, the sensor and the control circuit are designed integrally.

[0019] The object underlying the present invention is additionally achieved by a charging plug having the features of claim 12. More specifically, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a charging plug for connecting at least two supply conductors to a charging connection, in particular for connecting to a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle.

[0020] The charging plug according to the invention is characterized in that the charging plug has a residual current device as mentioned above.

[0021] The object underlying the present invention is additionally achieved by a connecting plug with the features of claim 13.

[0022] More specifically, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a connecting plug for connecting at least two supply conductors to a mains connection of a supply network, in particular for connecting a charging cable for an electrically driven vehicle to the mains connection of the supply network.

[0023] The connecting plug according to the invention is characterized in that the connecting plug has an above-mentioned residual current device.

[0024] The object underlying the present invention is also achieved by an in-cable control box having the features of claim 14.

[0025] More specifically, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by an in-cable control box for insertion into an electrical line with at least two supply conductors, in particular into a charging cable for connecting a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle to a mains connection of a supply network.

[0026] The in-cable control box according to the invention is characterized in that the in-cable control box has an above-mentioned residual current device.

[0027] The object underlying the present invention is also achieved by a charging cable having the features of claim 15.

[0028] More specifically, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a charging cable with a charging plug for connection to a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle and a connecting plug for connection to a mains connection of a supply network, wherein the charging plug and the connecting plug are connected to one another via an electrical line with at least two supply conductors.

[0029] The charging cable according to the invention is characterized in that the charging plug is designed as the above charging plug.

[0030] The object underlying the present invention is also achieved by a charging cable having the features of claim 16.

[0031] More specifically, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a charging cable with a charging plug for connection to a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle and a connecting plug for connection to a mains connection of a supply network, wherein the charging plug and the connecting plug are connected to one another via an electrical line with at least two supply conductors.

[0032] The charging cable according to the invention is characterized in that the connecting plug is designed as the above charging plug.

[0033] The object underlying the present invention is further achieved by a charging cable having the features of claim 17.

[0034] More specifically, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a charging cable with a charging plug for connection to a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle and a connecting plug for connection to a mains connection of a supply network, wherein the charging plug and the connecting plug are connected to one another via an electrical line with at least two supply conductors, and the charging cable comprises an in-cable control box which is introduced into the electrical line.

[0035] The charging cable according to the invention is characterized in that the in-cable control box is designed as the above in-cable control box.

[0036] The object underlying the present invention is also achieved by a charging device having the features of claim 18. More specifically, the object underlying the present invention is achieved by a charging device for charging an energy storage device of an electrically driven vehicle via at least two supply conductors of a supply network.

[0037] The charging device according to the invention is characterized in that the charging device has a residual current device as described above.

[0038] The basic idea of ​​the present invention is to provide a compact residual current device which combines the switching device, the sensor and the control circuit, thereby enabling simple use of the residual current device. This in turn enables simplified integration of the residual current device into various components such as the charging plugs, in-cable control boxes, charging cables and charging devices mentioned here. By providing the charging plugs, in-cable control boxes, charging cables and charging devices mentioned here, it is particularly possible to connect supply networks of electrically powered vehicles. The provision of the compact residual current device is based on the use of the magnetic field-sensitive component for the sensor.The supply conductors can be routed through the magnetic field-sensitive component, and by being controlled via the at least one excitation and sensor winding, the magnetic field-sensitive component can be brought into desired states in which a sensor signal can be tapped via the at least one excitation and sensor winding, which sensor signal enables reliable determination of the differential current with both alternating current components and direct current components. The control circuit can determine these components of the differential current with a high degree of accuracy and control the switching device accordingly in order to interrupt the supply from the supply network when a differential current occurs. In this case, the supply in a downstream DC supply network is also automatically interrupted and a safe state is assumed.Due to the integral provision of the residual current device, it can be designed to be particularly compact.

[0039] The residual current device can, for example, be designed with a printed circuit board on which the switching device, the sensor and the control circuit are arranged. The magnetic field sensitive component is arranged so that the supply conductors can be led through the through-opening. The switching device can also be arranged accordingly and incorporated into the supply conductors so that the switching device can interrupt a current flow through the supply conductors. The printed circuit board can therefore be provided simply and inexpensively since it is not part of the supply line and does not have to carry any supply currents. The printed circuit board can contact the supply conductors in order to receive energy for its operation via them. Overall, this design enables simple implementation of an integral design of the residual current device.

[0040] The charging plug is a charging plug that is predefined in terms of its function and contacts. In Germany, for example, charging plugs such as Type 1, Type 2, CCS, CHAdeMO and the Tesla Supercharger are currently in widespread use, although the charging plugs are not limited to the examples mentioned. The Type 2 plug is also known as a Mennekes plug, while the CCS plug is also known as a Combo plug. Charging plugs usually have no further function beyond establishing the electrical connection to the electrically powered vehicle. By providing the residual current device, it can be integrated into the charging plug, so that, for example, a separate in-cable control box that is integrated into the electrical cable with the supply conductors is no longer necessary. This makes charging cables easier to handle when charging electrically powered vehicles.The charging plug is part of a permanently installed charging infrastructure or a portable charging cable that has the charging plug on one side and the connecting plug for connection to the mains connection of the supply network on the other side.

[0041] The in-cable control box (ICCB for short, or ICCPD for short) is a device permanently integrated into the electrical wiring of a charging cable for controlling the charging of electric vehicles, for example, at standard household sockets. The device performs safety and communication functions during charging at these household sockets to prevent overloading. This enables charging in accordance with "Mode 2" according to IEC 61851-1. Without the in-cable control box, only "Mode 1" can be achieved.

[0042] The charging cable establishes a connection between the charging port of the electrically powered vehicle and the mains connection of the supply network. The mains connection of the supply network is, for example, a corresponding household socket. Accordingly, the charging cable is designed with the charging plug on the electrically powered vehicle side and with a corresponding connecting plug on the mains connection side. The charging cable can therefore be used independently and can, for example, be carried in a vehicle. Due to the residual current device, which is arranged either in an in-cable control box or the charging plug, the charging cable can be provided in a compact manner. This facilitates the transport of the charging cable, in particular when carried in the vehicle itself. The charging device is typically permanently installed. Such

[0043] Charging devices, for example, are wall-mounted charging stations, also known as “wall boxes.” The charging device enables charging in accordance with “Mode 3” as per IEC 61851-1. An electrical cable with at least two supply conductors is typically permanently connected to the charging device. A charging plug is attached to the free end of the electrical cable for connection to the electrically powered vehicle. Since the residual current device is already integrated in the charging device, no in-cable control box is required along the electrical cable. Nor is a residual current device required in the charging plug.

[0044] The mains supply typically supplies alternating current. Such supplies are possible, for example, in the household sector with two supply conductors. A single-phase supply with one phase and one neural conductor is provided, with an additional earth conductor that can be run parallel to the supply conductors as a protective conductor. Alternatively, supplies with three supply conductors are known. A three-phase supply is provided, also known as three-phase current, which typically includes an additional neural conductor. Here, too, additional conductors, for example protective conductors as an earth conductor and / or PE (protected earth), can be run parallel to the supply conductors.

[0045] The switching device is typically designed as a relay or as a contactor. The switching device thus comprises a mechanical switch and an electromechanical drive, typically with a drive coil, for actuating the mechanical switch. Alternatively, the switching device can be designed with semiconductor switching elements, for example with transistors or others. The "sensor" is a technical assembly which can detect certain physical or chemical properties and / or the material composition of its environment qualitatively or quantitatively as a "measured variable". These variables are detected by means of physical or chemical effects and converted into an analog or digital electrical signal. Such a signal is also referred to as a "sensor signal". The sensor signal is provided here via the at least one excitation and sensor winding.In this case, the sensor is used to detect electrical and / or magnetic fields.

[0046] Preferably, the sensor signal can be converted into a differential current of the supply conductors monitored by the sensor using a mathematical rule. This mathematical rule can preferably be determined by a calibration curve of the sensor.

[0047] An "electrical differential current" is understood to be the vectorial sum of the currents of all electrical conductors that pass through the through-opening of the magnetic field-sensitive component. The electrical differential current can have an alternating current component and / or a direct current component, which can be detected using the sensor. This allows the residual current device to be designed to be sensitive to all currents.

[0048] A "magnetic-field-sensitive component" is understood to be a component that reacts to a magnetic field by changing at least one state variable of the component. The magnetic-field-sensitive component is made of a soft magnetic material and has magnetic properties.

[0049] A "soft magnetic material" is a material that can be easily magnetized in a magnetic field. A soft magnetic material preferably has a coercive field strength of less than or equal to 1,000 A / m.

[0050] The term "coercive field strength" refers to the magnetic field strength necessary to completely demagnetize a magnetic field-sensitive component that has previously been charged to the saturation flux density.

[0051] A "winding" is understood to mean a winding of an electrically conductive material, particularly in the form of a wire, around a component sensitive to a magnetic field.

[0052] At least one "excitation and sensor winding" is understood to mean a winding that is designed to be actively supplied with an electric current by means of a current source. Alternatively, the at least one excitation and sensor winding can also be connected to a voltage source. An electromagnetic field is generated or influenced in the magnetic field-sensitive component via the at least one excitation and sensor winding.

[0053] Preferably, the at least one excitation and sensor winding is designed to provide a sensor signal, in particular indirectly through the current consumption of the at least one excitation and sensor winding.

[0054] Preferably, the differential current of the circuit designated to be monitored by the sensor can be determined from the current consumption of the at least one excitation and sensor winding by means of a mathematical rule, preferably by means of a mathematical rule which can be derived from a calibration of the sensor.

[0055] Preferably, the sensor is calibrated each time the measurement operation is initiated, before the actual measurement operation begins. For this purpose, the sensor may include an additional winding, for example, as a calibration winding.

[0056] A "through-opening" is understood to be a free cross-section formed in the interior of the magnetic field-sensitive component.

[0057] Preferably, the material thickness of the magnetic field sensitive component is largely constant or constant.

[0058] The magnetic-field-sensitive component has a ring-shaped cross-section. The ring can be circular, oval, or have any other cross-section.

[0059] A "turn" is understood to mean one revolution of a winding around the magnetic field-sensitive component.

[0060] A supply conductor is understood to be an "electrical conductor" that has mobile charge carriers and is therefore capable of transporting electrical charge. An electrical conductor is preferably understood to be a copper cable and / or an aluminum cable. The supply conductors carry, in particular, load currents in the supply network. In a single-phase supply, the supply conductors can comprise a phase and a neutral conductor; in a three-phase network, for example, three phases, possibly also with a neutral conductor. Preferably, only those conductors are led through the through-opening as supply conductors which carry an electrical current flow into the monitored circuit of the supply network during normal operation. This applies to the phase(s) and, if applicable, the neutral conductor. In particular, it is proposed that no protective conductors should be led through the through-opening in the sensor proposed here.A "limit current" is understood to mean a differential current that a sensor with the control circuit can detect with sufficient accuracy and speed so that the switching device can interrupt the at least two supply conductors monitored by the sensor as soon as a differential current is detected by the sensor that reaches or exceeds the limit current.

[0061] The smaller the limit current and thus the measuring capability of the sensor for small differential currents and the faster this is reliably detected, the lower the danger that can arise from a differential current occurring.

[0062] It is preferably proposed that the through-opening of the magnetic field-sensitive component has a circle or an ellipse in cross-section.

[0063] Preferably, the magnetic-field-sensitive component has a permeability such that, upon reaching saturation, the magnetization curve exhibits a profile that is as horizontal as possible. The more horizontal the curve is in the saturation region, the higher the achievable measurement accuracy of the sensor.

[0064] It is preferably proposed that the sensor determines the di f ference current according to the operating principle of a Förster probe.

[0065] Preferably, the windings of the at least one excitation and sensor winding are distributed equidistantly over the entire circumference of the magnetic-field-sensitive component. When the at least one excitation and sensor winding is energized by the control circuit, a locally homogeneous magnetic flux density can thus be established in the magnetic-field-sensitive component. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sensor has a sensor shield with a receiving space in which the magnetic-field-sensitive component with the at least one excitation and sensor winding is accommodated.

[0066] The term “sensor shield” refers to a component that is designed to keep electrical and / or magnetic fields away from the magnetic field-sensitive component and / or to protect the surroundings of the sensor from the electrical and / or magnetic fields emanating from the sensor. This can improve the sensitivity of the sensor for detecting differential currents in the at least two supply conductors, since the electrical and / or magnetic fields in the magnetic field-sensitive component are not influenced by external fields, i.e. fields from outside the sensor shield. The electrical and / or magnetic fields in the magnetic field-sensitive component can thus be formed by the differential currents in the supply conductors, so that the control circuit can detect the occurrence of differential currents in the resulting sensor signal with a high degree of accuracy.A "receiving space" is understood to mean the space which is formed inside the shield by the shield and which is designed to receive further components, in particular the magnetic field-sensitive component and the at least one excitation and sensor winding.

[0067] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the switching device has a switching device shield which shields the switching device, in particular shields a drive coil of the switching device.

[0068] The term “switching device shielding” is understood to mean a component which is designed to keep electrical and / or magnetic fields away from the switching device and / or to protect the surroundings of the switching device from the electrical and / or magnetic fields emanating from the switching device. This is particularly advantageous if the switching device comprises an electromechanical drive with a drive coil, since such a drive coil can easily generate electrical and / or magnetic fields which can influence the fields in the magnetic field-sensitive component. Accordingly, the switching device shielding can improve the sensitivity of the sensor for detecting differential currents in the at least two supply conductors, since the electrical and / or magnetic fields in the magnetic field-sensitive component can be shielded immediately upon their creation.The electric and / or magnetic fields in the magnetic-field-sensitive component can thus be formed by the differential currents in the supply conductors, without being influenced by the switching device or by the fields generated by it. The switching device shield is preferably designed and arranged to surround the switching device, in particular its drive coil(s), as directly as possible.

[0069] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the residual current device has a shielding device which provides shielding between the switching device and the sensor, in particular shielding between a drive coil of the switching device and the sensor.

[0070] The term "shielding device" refers to a component that is designed to shield electrical and / or magnetic fields. This particularly relates to shielding fields in the magnetic field-sensitive component, so that the electrical and / or magnetic fields in the magnetic field-sensitive component can form due to the differential currents in the supply conductors, without being influenced by other electrical and / or magnetic fields. Accordingly, the shielding device can improve the sensitivity of the sensor for detecting differential currents in the at least two supply conductors.

[0071] While the sensor shielding is provided directly on the sensor and the switching device shielding is provided directly on the switching device, the shielding device can be designed to provide efficient shielding independently.

[0072] A "shield", i.e. the sensor shield, the switching device shield or the shielding device, is understood to mean a component which is designed to shield electrical and / or magnetic fields. In particular, the aim of the shielding is to prevent the magnetic field-sensitive component from being influenced by fields which do not result from a differential current between the at least two supply conductors. Accordingly, in the residual current device the shielding can be produced using only the sensor shield, the switching device shield or the shielding device. Alternatively the shielding can be produced by a combination of the sensor shield and / or the switching device shield and / or the shielding device.

[0073] Overall, the integrated design of the residual current device provides an efficient way to ensure that the electrical and / or magnetic fields in the magnetic-field-sensitive component can be generated by the differential currents in the supply conductors, without being influenced by other electrical and / or magnetic fields. For example, the overall shielding can be designed and adapted to the design of the residual current device in such a way that overdimensioning of the shielding—that is, the sensor shielding, the switching device shielding, and / or the shielding device—can be avoided.

[0074] For example, the required shielding can be influenced by advantageous positioning of the switching device, the sensor, and the control circuit, in particular by advantageous positioning of the switching device and the sensor. The integral design of the switching device, the sensor, and the control circuit thus allows the shielding requirements to be adapted. Standard shields are typically somewhat oversized compared to the adapted shielding proposed here because they must also function under worst-case conditions. This allows material for shielding to be saved, thereby reducing costs.

[0075] Preferably, each shield can individually consist of an alloy which has greater than or equal to 20 wt.% nickel, preferably greater than or equal to 30 wt.% nickel and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 50 wt.% nickel. Further preferably, the respective shield can consist of an alloy which has greater than or equal to 60 wt.% nickel, further preferably greater than or equal to 70 wt.% nickel and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 80 wt.% nickel.

[0076] Preferably, each shield can individually consist of an alloy which has greater than or equal to 0.5 wt.% molybdenum, preferably greater than or equal to 1 wt.% molybdenum and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 3 wt.% molybdenum. Further preferably, the respective shield can consist of an alloy which has greater than or equal to 4 wt.% molybdenum, further preferably greater than or equal to 5 wt.% molybdenum and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 5.5 wt.% molybdenum.

[0077] Preferably, each shield can individually consist of an alloy containing greater than or equal to 10 wt.% iron, preferably greater than or equal to 20 wt.% iron, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 30 wt.% iron. Furthermore, the respective shield can preferably consist of an alloy containing greater than or equal to 40 wt.% iron, further preferably greater than or equal to 50 wt.% iron, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 55 wt.% iron.

[0078] In any case, the shielding can be implemented as a coating on an electrically insulating substrate. Alternatively, a coating of an electrically non-conductive material can be applied to the shielding.

[0079] This advantageously provides insulation of the shielding from electrically conductive components of the residual current device, for example a circuit board, so that a short circuit with the shielding can be prevented.

[0080] The shielding is preferably deep-drawn or injection-molded. This can advantageously achieve cost savings compared to a thicker shielding material.

[0081] During the sensor's designated operation, the magnetic field-sensitive component exhibits an oscillating magnetic flux density. Since the shielding is also made of a material with good electrical conductivity, it experiences an induction effect due to the change in the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field-sensitive component. This induction effect is undesirable, as it causes eddy current losses. By reducing the material thickness of the shielding, the eddy current losses that occur during the sensor's designated operation can be reduced.

[0082] In addition, the energy consumption of the sensor can be reduced and the measurement accuracy of the sensor can be increased.

[0083] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the residual current device comprises a charging control circuit, in particular a charging control of an electric vehicle via the at least two supply conductors of the supply network, wherein the charging control circuit is preferably designed with the control circuit on a common printed circuit board. Via the charging control circuit, further tasks beyond the control of the switching device can therefore be implemented in the residual current device. As a result, the residual current device can, for example, take on the function of an in-cable control box. The charging control circuit can be designed to carry out safety and communication functions for the charging of electrically powered vehicles, for example at household sockets, in order not to overload them.This concerns, for example, a limitation of the continuous current that can be drawn from household sockets. In communication with the electrically powered vehicle, the supply can be adjusted in order to carry out charging efficiently and, if possible, without damaging the batteries of the electrically powered vehicle. For this purpose, signal lines can be provided in the charging cable, the connecting plug and / or the charging plug for the communication connection with the electrically powered vehicle. Alternatively, wireless communication can be implemented.

[0084] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field sensitive component made of a soft magnetic material has a high permeability which is preferably greater than or equal to 35,000 H / m (henry per meter), preferably greater than or equal to 45,000 H / m, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 60,000 H / m, even more preferably greater than or equal to 100,000 H / m and most preferably greater than or equal to 150,000 H / m, in a magnetic field oscillating at 50 Hz.

[0085] The “permeability” of a magnetic field-sensitive component refers to the magnetization of a material in an external magnetic field. The higher the permeability of the magnetic field-sensitive component, the greater the ratio of magnetic flux density in the magnetic field-sensitive component to the magnetic field strength acting on the magnetic field-sensitive component. A magnetic field-sensitive component with a high permeability therefore results in a comparatively high magnetic flux density in the magnetic field-sensitive component even at a low magnetic field strength. A high permeability of the magnetic field-sensitive component therefore increases the sensitivity of the sensor and helps the sensor to detect even small differential currents.

[0086] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field-sensitive component made of a soft magnetic material has a coercive field strength of less than or equal to 10 A / m, preferably less than or equal to 5 A / m, particularly preferably less than or equal to 3 A / m, even more preferably less than or equal to 1 A / m, even more preferably less than or equal to 0.5 A / m and very particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.1 A / m in a magnetic field oscillating at 50 Hz.

[0087] A low coercive field strength of the magnetically sensitive component allows for particularly high measurement accuracy, especially with varying magnetic field strengths. The lower the coercive field strength of the magnetically sensitive component, the higher the measurement accuracy of the sensor.

[0088] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the soft magnetic material of the magnetic field-sensitive component comprises an amorphous metal, in particular with a nanocrystalline structure, wherein the amorphous metal is in particular an alloy containing iron, nickel and cobalt.

[0089] Preferably, the magnetic field-sensitive component consists of a nanocrystalline soft magnetic material with a typical grain size in the range of 5 to 30 nm, preferably of a nanocrystalline soft magnetic material with a typical grain size in the range of 7 to 20 nm, particularly preferably of a nanocrystalline soft magnetic material with a typical grain size in the range of 8 to 15 nm.

[0090] The magnetic field-sensitive component preferably consists of an alloy containing greater than or equal to 70 wt.% iron, preferably greater than or equal to 71.5 wt.% iron, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 73 wt.% iron. The magnetic field-sensitive component preferably consists of an alloy containing greater than or equal to 73.5 wt.% iron.

[0091] The magnetic field sensitive component preferably consists of an alloy which has copper in a range of 0.75 to 1.25 wt.%, preferably copper in a range of 0.85 to 1.15 wt.%, particularly preferably copper in a range of 0.95 to 1.05 wt.%. The alloy of the magnetic field sensitive component preferably contains copper in a proportion of 1 wt.%. The magnetic field sensitive component preferably consists of an alloy which has niobium in a range of 2 to 4 wt.%, preferably niobium in a range of 2.5 to 3.5 wt.%, particularly preferably niobium in a range of 2.8 to 3.2 wt.%. The alloy of the magnetic field sensitive component preferably contains niobium in a proportion of 3 wt.%.

[0092] The magnetic-field-sensitive component preferably consists of an alloy containing boron in a range of 5 to 9 wt.%, preferably boron in a range of 6 to 8 wt.%, particularly preferably boron in a range of 6.5 to 7.5 wt.%. The alloy of the magnetic-field-sensitive component preferably contains boron in a proportion of 7 wt.%.

[0093] Preferably, the magnetic field sensitive component consists of an alloy which has silicon in a range of 14 to 17 wt.%, preferably silicon in a range of 15 to 16 wt.%, particularly preferably silicon in a range of

[0094] 15.4 to 15.6 wt.%. Preferably, the alloy of the magnetic field sensitive component contains silicon in a proportion of

[0095] 15.5 wt.% on .

[0096] The magnetic field sensitive component is preferably made from a strip with a particularly small strip thickness since in this way the eddy current losses in the magnetic field sensitive component can be kept low according to Maxwell's equations. The strip is preferably wound in the circumferential direction around the through opening. The magnetic field sensitive component preferably has a strip thickness in a range between 5 and 50 pm. More preferably the strip thickness of the magnetic field sensitive component is in a range between 7.5 and 40 pm and particularly preferably in a range between 10 and 30 pm. The magnetic field sensitive component preferably has a height between 3 and 7 mm, the magnetic field sensitive component preferably has a height between 3.4 and 6.6 mm, and the magnetic field sensitive component particularly preferably has a height between 3.8 and 6.2 mm.The height of the magnetic-field-sensitive component corresponds to the extension of the magnetic-field-sensitive component from the through-opening outwards. For a magnetic-field-sensitive component with a circular through-opening, the height of the magnetic-field-sensitive component corresponds to the extension of the magnetic-field-sensitive component from the through-opening radially outwards.

[0097] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the switching device, the sensor and the control circuit are arranged in a common housing.

[0098] By arranging them in a common housing, the residual current device can be provided in a particularly simple, integrated manner. In practice, the entire residual current device can be accommodated, for example, in a housing of the switching device. The residual current device can be easily handled and / or installed using the housing. Furthermore, the housing can be used, for example, as a base for attaching the shielding, in particular the shielding device.

[0099] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the residual current device has at least one current transformer which detects a current through one of the supply conductors.

[0100] A current through the corresponding supply conductor can be detected via the at least one current transformer in order to detect a total current on the respective supply conductor in addition to the differential current. If there are two supply conductors, this can be used to determine a total current across the supply network, for example, in order to determine the total electrical energy transmitted. If there are several supply conductors, correspondingly more current transformers must be provided in order to determine the total electrical energy transmitted. The information on the total electrical energy transmitted can be used for billing purposes, for example. The current transformer can be a conventional current transformer, for example with a shunt or with a current transformer.The ability to determine the total electrical energy transmitted at the supply conductors allows the residual current device to be provided as a functional unit in a particularly simple manner. The additional routing of the supply conductors via a printed circuit board with appropriately wide conductor tracks capable of carrying currents via the supply conductors, which is common in the prior art, can be omitted, allowing the control circuit to be designed simply.

[0101] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the residual current device comprises a communication interface for communication with a counterpart on the supply network side, for example with a charging device. For this purpose, signal lines can be provided, for example, in the charging cable, the connecting plug and / or the charging plug, for the communication-technical connection of the communication interface, for example with the charging device. Alternatively, the communication interface can be implemented wirelessly. The communication interface is preferably provided by the control circuit. Alternatively or additionally, the communication interface can be provided by the charging control circuit.Accordingly, information about a DC voltage supply, an AG voltage supply, a ground (GND), a configuration of the residual current device, in particular the control circuit, a selection of a tripping characteristic for detecting the differential current and / or carrying out a switching operation with the switching device, a detected differential current between the at least two supply conductors, an AC component and / or a DC component of the differential current, a test input and error messages or error handling can be exchanged between the residual current device and the supply network-side counterpart. In an embodiment of the residual current device with at least one current transformer which detects a current through one of the supply conductors, a transmitted electrical energy can be transmitted to the supply network-side counterpart via the communication interface.Depending on the type of information transmitted, communication can take place in any direction, including bidirectional.

[0102] The above values ​​for the various compositions and dimensions are not intended to be understood as strict limits, but rather to allow for the values ​​to be exceeded or undercut on an engineering scale without departing from the described aspect of the invention. In simple terms, the values ​​are intended to provide an indication of the size of the various compositions and dimensions proposed here.

[0103] Further advantages, details and features of the invention will become apparent from the following exemplary embodiments. These show in detail:

[0104] Figure 1: a schematic representation of a residual current device according to the invention in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0105] Figure 2: a schematic representation of a charging plug for connection to a charging port of an electrically driven vehicle with a residual current device from Figure 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0106] Figure 3: a schematic representation of a charging cable with a charging plug for connection to a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle and a connecting plug for connection to a mains connection of a supply network, which are connected to one another via an electrical line, as well as an in-cable control box which is inserted into the electrical line and comprises a residual current device from Figure 1, according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0107] Figure 4: a schematic representation of a charging device for charging an energy storage device of an electrically driven vehicle with a charging plug for connection to a charging connection of an electrically driven vehicle, wherein the charging device comprises a residual current device from Figure 1, according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0108] Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a connector plug for connection to a mains connection of a supply network with a residual current device from Figure 1 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; and

[0109] Figure 6: a schematic representation of a residual current device according to the invention in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, the same reference symbols denote the same components or the same features, so that a description given with reference to one figure regarding a component also applies to the other figures, thus avoiding repetitive description. Furthermore, individual features that were described in connection with one embodiment can also be used separately in other embodiments.

[0110] Figure 1 shows a residual current device 1 according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0111] In this exemplary embodiment, the residual current device 1 is designed for connection to a supply network 2 with two supply conductors 3. In the illustrated single-phase supply, the two supply conductors 3 are designed as phase and neutral conductors. The supply network 2 can, for example, comprise additional protective conductors not shown in the figures, such as an additional ground conductor and / or PE (protected earth) that are routed parallel to the supply conductors 3.

[0112] The residual current device 1 comprises a switching device 4, which is designed here as a disconnector for interrupting the supply conductors 3. The residual current device 1 further comprises a sensor 5 for detecting differential currents in the supply conductors 3. The residual current device 1 also comprises a control circuit 6, which, using the sensor 5, detects a differential current between the supply conductors 3 and, upon detection of a differential current, controls the switching device 4 to carry out a switching operation.

[0113] The switching device 4 is typically designed as a relay or a contactor. The switching device 4 comprises a mechanical switch 7 for each of the supply conductors 3, which are jointly actuated via an electromechanical drive 8 with a drive coil (not explicitly shown).

[0114] The sensor 5 comprises a magnetic field-sensitive component 9 with a through-opening 10 through which the two supply conductors 3 are routed. Additional ground conductors and / or PE (protected earth), which are in principle routed parallel to the supply conductors 3, are not, however, routed through the through-opening 10. The through-opening 10 of the magnetic field-sensitive component 9 has a circular cross-section. The magnetic field-sensitive component 9 has a circular ring shape in cross-section. The material thickness of the magnetic field-sensitive component 9 is largely constant or constant over the entire circumference.

[0115] The sensor 5 further comprises at least one excitation and sensor winding 12, each of which surrounds the magnetic field-sensitive component 9 with a plurality of turns. In this exemplary embodiment, the windings of the at least one excitation and sensor winding 12 are distributed equidistantly over the entire circumference of the magnetic field-sensitive component 9, with the at least one excitation and sensor winding 12 being shown in Figure 1 as an example for only a part of the magnetic field-sensitive component 9.

[0116] The magnetic field sensitive component 9 has a soft magnetic material with a high permeability which, in a magnetic field oscillating at 50 Hz, is greater than or equal to 100,000 H / m. In addition, the magnetic field sensitive component 9 has a low coercive field strength which, in a magnetic field oscillating at 50 Hz, is less than or equal to 1 A / m. Alternatively or additionally, the magnetic field sensitive component 9 has a magnetic saturation flux density of greater than or equal to 1.3 T. The magnetic field sensitive component 9 also has a permeability such that, when saturation is reached, the magnetization curve has as horizontal a profile as possible.

[0117] The soft magnetic material of the magnetic field sensitive component 9 is an amorphous metal with a nanocrystalline structure, wherein the amorphous metal is an alloy containing iron, nickel and cobalt.

[0118] The magnetic-field-sensitive component 9 is made of a thin strip. The strip is wound circumferentially around the through-opening 10 and has a strip thickness in a range between 5 and 50 μm. The strip is wound such that the magnetic-field-sensitive component 9 has a height between 3 and 7 mm.

[0119] The control circuit 6 is designed to control the sensor 5 and to detect alternating current components and / or direct current components of the differential current in the supply conductors 3 via the at least one excitation and sensor winding 12. The control circuit 6 determines the differential current with the sensor 5 according to the operating principle of a Förster probe.

[0120] The at least one excitation and sensor winding 12 is thus actively supplied with an electric current by the control circuit 6 by means of a current source, as a result of which an electromagnetic field is generated or influenced in the magnetic field-sensitive component 9. Alternatively, the at least one excitation and sensor winding 12 can also be connected to a voltage source. An electric current is induced in the at least one excitation and sensor winding 12 as a result of an induction effect emanating from the magnetic field-sensitive component 9. This induced current changes the total current through the at least one excitation and sensor winding 12, as a result of which a sensor winding signal is provided which represents a sensor signal. In the case of a differential current between the at least two supply conductors 3, the total current is changed.If there is no differential current between the supply conductors 3 , the induced currents through the supply conductors 3 essentially cancel each other out and the total current is unchanged.

[0121] In order to shield the magnetic field sensitive component 9 with the at least one excitation and sensor winding 12, the sensor 5 has a sensor shield with a receiving space in which the magnetic field sensitive component 9 with the at least one excitation and sensor winding 12 is received.

[0122] In addition, the switching device 4 has a switching device shield, which effects a shielding of the switching device 4, in particular a shielding of a drive coil of the switching device 4.

[0123] In addition, the residual current device 1 is designed as a whole with a shielding device which provides shielding between the switching device 4 and the sensor 5.

[0124] The sensor shielding, the switching device shielding and the shielding device, which are not shown in Figure 1, each shield against electrical and / or magnetic fields, so that in the magnetic field-sensitive component 9 the electrical and / or magnetic fields are formed by the differential currents in the supply conductors 3 without being influenced by external electrical and / or magnetic fields. The shielding, including the sensor shielding, the switching device shielding and the shielding device, is designed and adapted to the design of the residual current device 1 in such a way that over-dimensioning of the shielding is avoided. This includes advantageous positioning of the switching device 4, the sensor 5 and the control circuit 6.

[0125] In any case, the shielding can be implemented as a coating on an electrically insulating substrate. Alternatively, a coating of an electrically non-conductive material can be applied to the shielding.

[0126] In this exemplary embodiment, the switching device 4, the sensor 5, and the control circuit 6 are designed integrally and arranged in a common housing 13. In one exemplary embodiment, the common housing 13 is a housing 13 of the switching device 4, in which the sensor 5 and the control circuit 6 are additionally accommodated.

[0127] Figure 2 shows a charging plug 14 according to a second embodiment. The charging plug 14 has a residual current device 1.

[0128] In this exemplary embodiment, the charging plug 14 serves to connect the two supply conductors 3 of the supply network 2 to a charging port of an electrically powered vehicle. In addition, the charging plug 14 can, for example, connect additional protective conductors that are routed parallel to the supply conductors 3 in the charging plug 14.

[0129] In this exemplary embodiment, the charging plug 14 is a Type 2 charging plug 14 predefined in terms of its function and contacts, as can also be seen in Figure 2. The Type 2 charging plug is also known as a Mennekes plug. Figure 3 shows a charging cable 15 according to a third embodiment. The charging cable 15 comprises a charging plug 16 for connection to a charging port of an electrically powered vehicle. In this exemplary embodiment, the charging plug 16 is designed without a residual current device 1. The charging plug 16 of the third embodiment is also a Type 2 charging plug 16.

[0130] The charging cable 15 further comprises a connecting plug 17 for connection to a mains connection of the supply network 2 with the two supply conductors 3 .

[0131] The charging plug 16 and the connecting plug 17 are connected to each other via an electrical line 18 with two supply conductors 3. An in-cable control box 19 is integrated into the electrical line 18.

[0132] In this exemplary embodiment, the in-cable control box 19 comprises a residual current device 1, as shown in Figure 1. The residual current device 1 comprises, in detail, additional functions for controlling the charging of the connected electrically powered vehicle. Accordingly, the control circuit 6 is designed to carry out charging control via the two supply conductors 3 of the supply network 2. The control circuit 6 is designed to carry out safety and communication functions for charging the electrically powered vehicle, for example at household sockets. This concerns, for example, a limitation of a continuous current that can be drawn via the household sockets.In addition, the control circuit 6 is designed to communicate with the electrically driven vehicle, for example via the supply conductors or additional data lines formed in the electrical line 18, in order to carry out charging efficiently and, if possible, without damage to the batteries of the electrically driven vehicle.

[0133] Figure 4 shows a charging device 20 according to a fourth embodiment. The charging device 20 is designed to charge an energy storage device of an electrically driven vehicle via two supply conductors 3 of a supply network 2.

[0134] As schematically illustrated in Figure 4, the charging device 20 comprises a residual current device 1 illustrated in Figure 1. The charging device 20 is designed as a wall-mounted charging station. The charging device 20 comprises a station housing 21. An electrical line 18 is permanently connected to the charging device 20, wherein the electrical line 18 has two supply conductors 3 in this exemplary embodiment.

[0135] A charging plug 16 is attached to the free end of the electrical line for connection to the electrically powered vehicle. The charging plug 16 of the fourth embodiment is also a Type 2 charging plug 16. Since the residual current device 1 is integrated into the charging device 20, no in-cable control box 19 is provided along the electrical line 18, and no residual current device 1 is provided in the charging plug 16.

[0136] Figure 5 shows a connector 22 according to a fifth embodiment. The connector 22 has a residual current device 1.

[0137] In this exemplary embodiment, the connecting plug 22 serves to connect the two supply conductors 3 to a mains connection of the supply network 2, in particular to connect a charging cable 15 for an electrically driven vehicle to the mains connection of the supply network 2. In addition, the connecting plug 22 can, for example, connect additional protective conductors that are routed parallel to the supply conductors 3 in the connecting plug 22.

[0138] The connector 22 is a standardized connector 22 with predefined functions and contacts. Various types of connectors 22 are known as such and can be used.

[0139] Figure 6 shows a residual current device 1 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

[0140] The residual current device 1 of the sixth embodiment is based on the residual current device 1 of the first embodiment, so that the following description essentially describes in detail the differences between the residual current device 1 of the sixth embodiment and the residual current device 1 of the first embodiment. Features not discussed in detail correspond, where necessary, to those of the residual current device 1 of the first embodiment.

[0141] The residual current device 1 of the sixth embodiment is also designed for connection to a supply network 2 with two supply conductors 3. It also comprises a switching device 4, a sensor 5 for detecting differential currents in the supply conductors 3, and a control circuit 6 which, using the sensor 5, detects a differential current between the supply conductors 3 and, upon detecting a differential current, controls the switching device 4 to carry out a switching operation.

[0142] The residual current device 1 of the sixth embodiment also has a shield which, as described above, can comprise a sensor shield, a switching device shield and / or a shielding device.

[0143] Compared to the residual current device 1 of the first embodiment, the residual current device 1 of the sixth embodiment additionally has a current transformer 23 that detects a current through one of the supply conductors 3. The current transformer 23 detects a current through the corresponding supply conductor 3. As a result, in addition to the differential current through the two supply conductors 3, a total current on the respective supply conductor 3 can be detected, from which the total electrical energy transmitted can be determined. In this embodiment, the current transformer 23 is a conventional current transformer 23 with a current transformer.

[0144] Compared to the residual current device 1 of the first embodiment, the residual current device 1 of the sixth embodiment additionally comprises a charging control circuit 24 for controlling the charging of an electric vehicle via the two supply conductors 3 of the supply network 2. In this embodiment, the charging control circuit 24 is designed separately from the control circuit 6 and is connected to it, in particular for communication. In an alternative embodiment, the charging control circuit 24 and the control circuit 6 are designed on a common printed circuit board. The charging control circuit 24 implements additional tasks to the tasks of the control circuit 6. In this embodiment, these are functions that are usually provided by an in-cable control box.Accordingly, the charging control circuit 24 performs safety and communication functions for charging electrically powered vehicles, for example, at household sockets, such as limiting the continuous current that can be drawn from the household sockets. In communication with the electrically powered vehicle, the supply is adjusted to carry out charging efficiently and, if possible, without damaging the batteries of the electrically powered vehicle.

[0145] In this embodiment, the charging control circuit 24 is integrally formed with a control for the current transformer 23 and connected thereto.

[0146] Compared to the residual current device 1 of the first embodiment, the residual current device 1 of the sixth embodiment additionally comprises a communication interface 25 for communication with a supply network-side counterpart (not shown here), for example with a charging device 20. For this purpose, signal lines can be provided, for example, in the charging cable 15, the connecting plug 17, 22 and / or the charging plug 14, 16 for the communication-technical connection of the communication interface 25.

[0147] In this embodiment, the communication interface 25 is provided by the charging control circuit 24. The charging control circuit 24 communicates internally with the control circuit 6 as needed. In an alternative embodiment, the communication interface 25 is provided by the control circuit 6, which communicates internally with the charging control circuit 24 as needed.

[0148] The residual current device 1 communicates via the communication interface 25 with the supply network-side counterpart and exchanges, for example, information about a DC voltage supply, an AG voltage supply, a ground (GND), a configuration of the residual current device 1, in particular the control circuit 6, a selection of a tripping characteristic for detecting the differential current and / or carrying out a switching operation with the switching device 4, a detected differential current between the supply conductors 3, an AC component and / or a DC component of the differential current, a test input and error messages or error handling. In addition, transmitted electrical energy is transmitted to the supply network-side counterpart via the communication interface.Overall, information can be transmitted from the residual current device 1 to the supply-network-side counterpart. In addition, information can be transmitted from the supply-network-side counterpart to the residual current device 1. Furthermore, a configuration can be performed between the residual current device 1 and the supply-network-side counterpart.

[0149] Correspondingly, the residual current device 1 can have a communication interface (not shown here) for communication with the respective connected electrically driven vehicle. For this purpose, signal lines can be provided, for example, in the charging cable 15, the connecting plug 17, 22, and / or the charging plug 14, 16 for the communication-technical connection of the communication interface.

[0150] Alternatively, wireless communication can be provided instead of the communication interface 25 as well as the communication interface.

[0151] The switching device 4, the sensor 5, the control circuit 6, the current transformer 23, and the charging controller 24 with the communication interface 25 are integrally designed in the sixth exemplary embodiment and arranged in a common housing 13. In one exemplary embodiment, the common housing 13 is a housing 13 of the switching device 4, in which the sensor 5, the control circuit 6, the current transformer 23, and the charging controller 24 with the communication interface 25 are additionally accommodated. List of reference symbols

[0152] 1 residual current device

[0153] 2 Supply network

[0154] 3 supply conductors

[0155] 4 Switching device

[0156] 5 Sensor

[0157] 6 Ans expensive circuit

[0158] 7 switches

[0159] 8 electromechanical drive

[0160] 9 magnetic field sensitive component

[0161] 10 Passage opening

[0162] 12 Excitation and sensor winding

[0163] 13 housings

[0164] 14 charging plugs (with residual current device)

[0165] 15 charging cables

[0166] 16 charging plugs (without residual current device)

[0167] 17 connecting plugs (without residual current device)

[0168] 18 electrical cable

[0169] 19 In-cable control box

[0170] 20 Loading device

[0171] 21 station housing

[0172] 22 connecting plugs (with residual current device)

[0173] 23 Current transformer 24 Charging control circuit

[0174] 25 Communication interface

Claims

Patent claims 1. Residual current device (1) for connection in a supply network (2) with at least two supply conductors (3), comprising a switching device (4), in particular as a disconnect switch for interrupting the at least two supply conductors (3), a sensor (5) for detecting differential currents in the at least two supply conductors (3), and a control circuit (6) configured to detect a differential current between the at least two supply conductors (3) using the sensor (5) and, upon detection of a differential current, to control the switching device (4) to perform a switching operation, wherein the residual current device (1) is characterized in that the sensor (5) comprises a magnetic field-sensitive component (9) with a through-opening (10) through which the at least two supply conductors (3) are led, and at least one excitation and sensor winding (12).which enclose the magnetic field-sensitive component (9) with a plurality of turns, the magnetic field-sensitive component (9) is made of a soft magnetic material, the control circuit (6) is designed to control the sensor (5) and to detect alternating current components and / or direct current components of the differential current in the at least two supply conductors (3) via the at least one excitation and sensor winding (12), and the switching device (4), the sensor (5) and the control circuit (6) are integrally designed.

2. Residual current protection device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor (5) has a sensor shield with a receiving space in which the magnetic field-sensitive component (9) with at least one excitation and sensor winding 12) is received.

3. Residual current protection device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the switching device (4) has a switching device shield which provides shielding of the switching device (4), in particular shielding of a drive coil of the switching device (4).

4. Residual current protection device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the residual current protection device (1) has a shielding device which provides shielding between the switching device (4) and the sensor (5), in particular shielding between a drive coil of the switching device (4) and the sensor (5).

5. Residual current protection device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the residual current protection device (1) comprises a charging control circuit, in particular a charging control of an electric vehicle via the at least two supply conductors (3) of the supply network (2), wherein the charging control circuit is preferably implemented with the control circuit (6) on a common printed circuit board.

6. Residual current device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic field-sensitive component (9) made of a soft magnetic material has a high permeability, which is preferably greater than or equal to 35,000 H / m (Henry per inch). meter), preferably greater than or equal to 45,000 H / m, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 60,000 H / m, even more preferably greater than or equal to 100,000 H / m and most preferably greater than or equal to 150,000 H / m, with a magnetic field oscillating at 50 Hz.

7. Residual current protection device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic field-sensitive component (9) is made of a soft magnetic material and has a coercivity of less than or equal to 10 A / m, preferably less than or equal to 5 A / m, particularly preferably less than or equal to 3 A / m, even more preferably less than or equal to 1 A / m, even more preferably less than or equal to 0.5 A / m and most particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.1 A / m in a magnetic field oscillating at 50 Hz.

8. Residual current protection device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the soft magnetic material of the magnetic field-sensitive component (9) comprises an amorphous metal, in particular with a nanocrystalline structure, wherein the amorphous metal is in particular an alloy containing iron, nickel and cobalt.

9. Residual current protection device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching device (4), the sensor (5) and the control circuit (6) are arranged in a common housing (13).

10. Residual current protective device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the residual current device (1) shall have at least one current transformer (23) which detects a current through one of the supply conductors (3).

11. Residual current protection device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the residual current protection device comprises a communication interface for communication with a supply network-side counterpart, for example with a charging device.

12. Charging plug (14) for connecting at least two supply conductors (3) to a charging port, in particular for connecting to a charging port of an electrically powered vehicle, wherein the charging plug (14) is characterized in that the charging plug (14) has a residual current protection device (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11.

13. Connector (22) for connecting at least two supply conductors (3) to a mains connection of a supply network (2), in particular for connecting a charging cable (15) for an electrically powered vehicle to the mains connection of the supply network (2), wherein the connector (22) is characterized in that the connector (22) has a residual current protection device (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11.

14. In-cable control box (19) for insertion into an electrical line (18) with at least two supply conductors (3), in particular into a charging cable (15) for connecting a charging port of an electrically powered vehicle to a mains connection of a supply network (2), wherein the in-cable control box (19) is characterized in that the in-cable control box (19) has a residual current protection device (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11.

15. Charging cable (15) with a charging plug (14) for connection to a charging port of an electrically powered vehicle and a connecting plug (17) for connection to a mains connection of a supply network (2), wherein the charging plug (14) and the connecting plug (17) are connected to each other via an electrical line (18) with at least two supply conductors (3), wherein the charging cable (15) is characterized in that the charging plug (14) is designed as a charging plug (14) according to the preceding claim 12.

16. Charging cable (15) with a charging plug (16) for connection to a charging port of an electrically powered vehicle and a connecting plug (22) for connection to a mains connection of a supply network (2), wherein the charging plug (16) and the connecting plug (22) are connected to each other via an electrical line (18) with at least two supply conductors (3), wherein the charging cable (15) is characterized in that the connecting plug (22) is designed as a connecting plug (22) according to the preceding claim 13.

17. Charging cable (15) with a charging plug (16) for connection to a charging port of an electrically powered vehicle and a connecting plug (17) for connection to a mains connection of a supply network (3), wherein the charging plug (16) and the connecting plug (17) are connected to each other via an electrical line (18) with at least two supply conductors (3), and the charging cable (15) comprises an in-cable control box (19) which is inserted into the electrical line (18), wherein the charging cable (15) is characterized in that the in-cable control box (19) is designed as an in-cable control box (19) according to the preceding claim 14.

18. Charging device (20) for charging an energy storage device of an electrically powered vehicle via at least two supply conductors (3) of a supply network (2) , wherein the charging device (20) is characterized in that the charging device (20) has a residual current protection device (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 11.

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