Device for coating a carrier substrate with a powdery material

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (100; 100*) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a powdery material (004), having at least one first applicator (101; 101'), which comprises a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103'), which form a first roller gap (104; 104') in the nip between their lateral surfaces, which first roller gap serves to form the film and through which powdery material (004) can be conveyed in order to form a first dry film (003) in the process, and having a roller (103'; 106) acting as a counter-pressure roller (103'; 106), which forms a second roller gap (107) with the second roller (103) or a further roller directly or indirectly downstream of the second roller (103) as viewed in the direction of material flow, wherein a substrate path leading through the second roller gap (107) is provided, on which a carrier substrate web (106) to be coated can be guided during operation and can be acted upon on a first side by the dry film (106) formed in the first roller gap (104). According to the invention, at least one traction device (141; 165) with a drive means (132; 133) is provided on each side of the frame for adjusting the roller gap (104; 107) between two neighbouring rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') arranged to move relative to one another, by means of which the two rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') can be clamped or moved towards one another in the adjusting direction and can be moved away from one another again or at least released again.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Device for coating a carrier substrate with a powdery material

[0003] The invention relates to a device for coating, in particular dry coating, a carrier substrate with a powdery material according to claim 1.

[0004] In WO 2020 / 150254 A1, a film is produced by calendering a powder mixture and wound onto a roll to be fed as such to a further process, in which it can be laminated to a collector. In one embodiment, the powder mixture is applied to a belt and guided into the nip between two rollers.

[0005] KR 102359521 B1 discloses a device for dry coating a current collector web with an active material layer. A first and a second roller are provided for each side of the web, between which an active material layer is formed, and the respective active material layer is applied to the current collector web at a nip between the two second rollers. A first and a second device are provided for adjusting the roller spacing, by means of which the distances between the first and second rollers can be adjusted. The first and second devices comprise a mechanical cylinder driven by a servomotor. Furthermore, a third device is provided for adjusting the roller gap formed between the second rollers. This allows the thickness of the electrode to be easily controlled via the gap width.In one embodiment, an air cylinder may further be provided between the second rollers, by means of which the distance is kept constant.

[0006] DE 102008 009 341 A1 relates to grinding, mixing, dispersing, homogenizing, or the like of liquid to pasty masses in a roller train with several rollers, each mounted on a bearing support at both ends, wherein the mass is conveyed successively from a first roller to a last, a take-off roller, and is removed at each end by a scraper. The distance or angle of two outer rollers of three rollers relative to a central roller can be adjusted by pivoting the bearing supports. The end-face bearing supports of at least one of the rollers are designed to be independently adjustable transversely to the roller axis by respective eccentric bearings such that an offset position relative to the other roller can be achieved by opposing deflection of the eccentrics.

[0007] The invention is based on the object of creating a device for coating, in particular dry coating, a carrier substrate with a powdery material.

[0008] The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

[0009] The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are, in particular, that the device can reliably produce a coated carrier substrate with an active material layer that is as uniform and / or defined as possible.

[0010] In an embodiment of such a device for coating, in particular dry coating, a carrier substrate with a powdery material that is particularly suitable for the invention, said device has at least one first application unit that comprises a first roller and a second roller that form a first gap in the nip between their lateral surfaces that serves to form a film, through which gap powdery material can be conveyed to form a first dry film, and a roller that acts as a counterpressure roller that forms a second gap with the second roller or with a further roller of the first application unit that follows directly or indirectly downstream of the second roller, viewed in the direction of the material flow, through which gap a carrier substrate to be coated can be guided and can be subjected to the dry film formed in the first gap and transported in particular via the second roller and optionally the further roller to the second gap.

[0011] According to the invention, at least one pulling device with a drive means is provided on each frame side for setting the roll gap between two adjacent rolls arranged so as to be movable relative to one another, by means of which the two rolls can be moved towards one another or tensioned in the setting direction and can be moved away from one another again or at least released again.

[0012] Preferably, the adjusting device comprising the drive means acts with its two acting ends on the first and the second roller in such a way that, in order to adjust the gap between the first and second rollers, it applies an adjusting force directed towards one another.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a cylinder-piston system capable of being pressurized with pressurized fluid is provided as the drive means. In an advantageous embodiment, this system is supplied or can be supplied with pressurized fluid via an actuating means fluidically connected to the cylinder-piston system from a pressurized fluid source connected to the actuating means on the input side, which source provides and / or can provide pressurized fluid at a pressure of at least 100 bar or 10 MPa.

[0014] In an advantageous embodiment, means for emergency shutdown are provided, by which a depressurization of the pressure medium supply of the cylinder-piston system or a switching to an operating mode causing a shutdown is or can be effected.

[0015] Preferably, the first gap between the first and second roller is defined by the

[0016] Position-based adjustment device, i.e. adjustable to a constant and / or defined gap width.

[0017] In an advantageous further development, the rollers forming the respective or relevant gap between themselves are each mounted on both sides in frame walls of different sub-frames, wherein the adjusting devices each act on the frame walls of the two rollers forming the relevant gap between themselves.

[0018] In an advantageous embodiment, the roller acting as a counter-pressure roller is simultaneously designed as a laminating roller part of a second application unit located on the other side of the substrate path, which comprises a first roller of the second application unit, which forms a first roller gap of the second application unit with the laminating roller acting as a counter-pressure roller or with a further roller of the second application unit located therebetween, through which first roller gap powdery material can be conveyed in order to form a second dry film, which can be applied in the second roller gap via the laminating roller of the second application unit onto the second side of the carrier substrate which is guided through the second gap during operation via the transport path.

[0019] Further advantageous embodiments and developments can be found individually or in combination in the claims and the following description.

[0020] Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

[0021] They show:

[0022] Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a product to be manufactured; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram for the production and application of a dry film;

[0023] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate with an application stage according to an embodiment of a first group of embodiments;

[0024] Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the application stage of the first embodiment from Fig. 3;

[0025] Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of an embodiment of the first group of embodiments;

[0026] Fig. 6 shows a further alternative embodiment of the embodiment of a first group of embodiments;

[0027] Fig. 7 shows a further alternative embodiment of the embodiment of a first group of embodiments;

[0028] Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a second group of embodiments;

[0029] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of a second group of embodiments;

[0030] Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate, with an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments; Fig. 11 shows an enlarged view of the application stage from Fig. 10 with pairwise coupling of two rollers in a first embodiment;

[0031] Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of the application stage from Fig. 10 with pairwise coupling of two rollers in a second embodiment;

[0032] Fig. 13 a view from below with removal devices;

[0033] Fig. 14 is an oblique view of a product section with a slight lateral primer overhang;

[0034] Fig. 15 shows a further embodiment of a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate with an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments;

[0035] Fig. 16 shows a further embodiment of a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate with an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments;

[0036] Fig. 17 shows a further embodiment of a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate with an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments;

[0037] Fig. 18 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an applicator, in particular a double applicator, with a multi-part frame; Fig. 19 is a sectional view of an embodiment of an applicator according to Fig. 18, in particular a double applicator, with a multi-part frame;

[0038] Fig. 20 is a sectional view through a partial frame of a multi-part frame;

[0039] Fig. 21 is a schematic sectional view through a storage area of ​​a sub-frame;

[0040] Fig. 22 a sectional view through a partial frame with stop means for limiting the adjustment movement;

[0041] Fig. 23 a schematic diagram of two rollers with rotation axes inclined to each other;

[0042] Fig. 24 is a front view of a partial frame with a pivoting support;

[0043] Fig. 25 is a sectional view of an alternative embodiment of an applicator, in particular a double applicator, with a multi-part frame;

[0044] Fig. 26 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a control circuit regulating the gap width of the film forming gap with an actuator formed by a multi-way valve a) in side view and b) in plan view of a part of the application unit;

[0045] Fig. 27 is a schematic representation of a multi-way valve;

[0046] Fig. 28 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a control circuit regulating the gap width of the film forming gap with an actuating means formed by a pump a) in side view and b) in plan view of a part of the application unit;

[0047] Fig. 29 is a schematic representation of an applicator with a control circuit for controlling the gap width;

[0048] Fig. 30 is a schematic representation of an applicator with a control loop for control based on the layer thickness;

[0049] Fig. 31 is a schematic representation of an applicator with an alternative control loop for control based on the layer thickness;

[0050] Fig. 32 is a schematic representation of an applicator with a further alternative control circuit for control based on the layer thickness;

[0051] Fig. 33 is a schematic representation of an applicator with a control circuit for control based on the basis of the basis weight;

[0052] Fig. 34 is a schematic representation of an applicator with an alternative control circuit for control based on the basis of the basis weight.

[0053] The devices and machines described below are used for the production of electrode units 001 of electrochemical storage devices, as they are used in particular in batteries or accumulators, such as lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion or in particular lithium-ion batteries, as well as in solid-state batteries.

[0054] A product 001; 002 to be manufactured by a machine mentioned below can, for example, be formed by a web-shaped intermediate product 002 that is still to be cut, e.g. a product strand 002 formed as an electrode strand 002, or by arc-shaped end products 001 that have already been cut in the machine, e.g. product sections 001 formed as electrode units 001, in short electrodes 001.

[0055] For the production of such products 001; 002 with a material layer 003; 003', in particular active material layer 003; 003', applied on one or both sides of a carrier substrate 006, preferably a carrier substrate web 006, e.g. a current collector substrate 006 formed by, for example, a current collector foil 006, a device 100; 100* for coating, in short coating device 100; 100*, in particular for dry coating, of a carrier substrate 006, in particular in web form, e.g. the above-mentionedA material layer 003; 003', preferably a dry film 003; 003', in particular a powder composite film 003, is provided, which comprises at least one first application unit 101, by means of which powdery, preferably dry, material 004; 004', in particular a preferably solvent-free and / or dry powder mixture 004; 004', can initially be processed, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, into a dry film 003, and subsequently this dry film 003; 003' can be applied to a first side of the carrier substrate 006, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force. A dry film 003; 003' to be applied should, for example, have a thickness of 20 μm to 240 μm, preferably of 40 μm to 100 μm, after application and pressing.

[0056] An above-mentioned powder mixture 004; 004', in particular in the form of a dry powder, comprises - in particular for the production of electrode units 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators - for example, more than ninety percent by weight of an active material such as one or more of the lithium compounds lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide and / or lithium titanate, a few, for example three percent by weight of a conductive additive, for example graphite or so-called CNTs, i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and a few, for example two percent by weight of a plastic which acts as a binder in the subsequent powder composite, for example polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0057] The carrier substrate 006, for example, simultaneously represents the current-conducting layer of the electrode unit 001 and is formed, for example, by an electrically conductive material in the form of a foil, fleece, or fabric, e.g., a metal. It is formed, for example—in particular for the production of electrode units 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators—from aluminum or copper and / or has, for example, a thickness d006 of 5 to 16 pm. In the case of the production of an anode, it is made, in particular, from copper with, for example, a thickness d006 of, for example, in the range of 5 to 13 pm, and in the case of the production of a cathode, it is made, in particular, from aluminum with, for example, a thickness d006 in the range of 7 to 16 pm.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the carrier substrate 006 has, at least in the surface area to be coated with the dry film 003; 003', a surface coating with a bond-supporting or bond-inducing agent 007; 007', e.g., a binder 007; 007', a primer 007; 007', or an adhesive 007; 007'. Such an agent 007; 007' can be formed by a thermoplastic or reactive binder or primer and, for example, comprise a thermoplastic component and / or have a thickness d007 of only a few pm, e.g., at most 5 pm, in particular at most 3 pm.

[0059] A thickness d003; d003' of the active material layer 003; 003' of the product 001; 002, i.e. of the electrode unit 001 or of the electrode strand 002, is for example at most 240 pm, in particular at most 150 pm, preferably at most 100 pm and / or is for example at least 20 pm, in particular at least 30 pm, preferably at least 40 pm. A total thickness of the product 001; 002 coated on both sides, for example, amounts to - if appropriate after passing through a calendering process following the application or coating of the carrier substrate 006 with the dry film 003, 003' inline or in a further machine - e.g. B. up to 500 pm, in particular up to 320 pm, preferably up to 220 pm and / or at least 50 pm, in particular at least 70 pm, preferably at least 90 pm. In this case, a density of the applied material 004, 004, for example, greater than 3000 kg / m 3 , preferably at least 3500 kg / m 3. An intermediate product 002 leaving the machine for pure coating, ie without subsequent calendering, here also referred to as a pre-product, may have a lower density, but for example of at least 2000 kg / m 3 , preferably at least 2500 kg / m 2 , in particular of at least 2900 kg / m 3 . With only one-sided coating, the total thickness of the finished product 001; 002, optionally further compacted by at least one calendering process, amounts to, for example, up to 255 pm, in particular up to 165 pm, preferably up to 65 pm and / or at least 30 pm, in particular at least 40 pm, preferably at least 50 pm.

[0060] If sufficiently large forces are available during the coating process or simultaneously with the application of the dry film 003, 003' or if such forces can be applied in the lamination gap, the above values ​​for the total thickness and / or the density of the final product 001 or of the intermediate product 002, which, for example, only needs to be cut crosswise, can also be represented without subsequent calendering following the coating process.

[0061] In order to ensure an effective manufacturing process, web-shaped carrier material 006 is preferably processed into the above-mentioned end or intermediate product, which, for example, has a width b006 of at least 300 mm, advantageously at least 500 mm, in particular at least 550 mm, or even 600 mm and more, in an advantageous embodiment even up to 1,200 mm. In this case, the carrier material 006 is not coated with the dry film 003; 003' over its entire width, for example, but only up to a free edge region in which the surface of the metallically conductive carrier material 006 remains free and accessible - e.g. for connecting cables. Such a width b003 of the coating amounts to, for example, at least 200 mm, advantageously at least 230 mm, or even 300 mm and more.

[0062] For the above-mentioned production of a dry film 003, a first roller 102, in particular a metering roller 102, and a second roller 103, in particular a laminating roller 103 of the first application unit 101 are provided in such a way that they form a first gap 104, in particular a first film-forming gap 104, between their outer surfaces in the nip, through which the powder mixture 004, which is fed into the nip, for example by a device for feeding powdery material 700, in short powder feed device 700, can be fed to form the dry film 003 (see, for example, Fig. 2). The clear width of the first gap 104 at its narrowest point determines the - possibly compared to the thickness in the later product 001; 002 even greater - thickness of the dry film 003 even before its passage through an application point at which it is applied - in particular under pressure - to the carrier substrate 006.

[0063] The application point is preferably formed here directly by a nip of the second roller 103, which in this case acts as a laminating roller 103, with a roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103', or by a roller which interacts directly with the second roller or indirectly via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller, with a roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103' (not shown here). The second or further roller acting as a laminating roller 003 and the roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103 form a second gap 107, in particular an application gap 107, hereinafter referred to as e.g. B. also referred to as laminating gap 107, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the side facing away from the counter-pressure roller 106; 103, with the film formed via the first film forming gap 104, e.g. at least 40 pm thick, e.g.between 50 pm to 200 pm, in particular 60 to 120 pm thick dry film 003 can be applied.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, the application stage 100; 100* comprises a second application unit 10T (see, for example, Fig. 3 to Fig. 13), by means of which a powder mixture 004', in particular a solvent-free and / or dry powder mixture, conveyed into the nip, for example, by a second device for supplying powdery material 700', in short powder supply device 700', can also be initially processed, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, into a second dry film 003'; 003, and subsequently this second dry film 003'; 003 can be applied to the other, second side of the carrier substrate 006, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force. In principle, this powder mixture 004' can be the same as or different from the first powder mixture 004'.

[0065] Also in the second application unit 10T, a first roller 102', in particular metering roller 102', and a second roller 103', in particular laminating roller 103', are preferably provided in such a way that they form a first gap 104', in particular second film-forming gap 104', between their outer surfaces, through which the powder mixture 004' can be conveyed to form the second dry film 003'.

[0066] Here too, the second roller 003' of the second application unit 10T, directly or a roller (not shown here) which cooperates directly with the second roller 103' or indirectly via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller, can form a gap 107'; gap 107 between its outer surfaces in the nip with a roller 106'; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the second side facing away from the second counter-pressure roller 106'; 103, can be subjected to the second dry film 003' formed via the second film-forming gap 104'; 104. In a first group of embodiments for the coating device 100 (see e.g. Fig. 3 to Fig. 7), a second gap 107' is formed by a second application gap 107' different from the first application or laminating gap 107', e.g.Laminating gap 107', formed with a second roller 106', in particular a second counterpressure roller 106' acting as a counterpressure roller 106 and different from the first counterpressure roller 106 and / or from the laminating roller 103 of the first applicator 101, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the second side facing away from the second counterpressure roller 106', can be subjected to the second dry film 003' formed via the second film-forming gap 104'. In this embodiment, two independent applicators 101; 10T are provided for the two sides of the carrier substrate 106. It is therefore possible to set different conditions for the respective application in the respective laminating gap 107; 107' independently of one another. For example, a different pressing or line force and / or, if applicable, temperature can be set.

[0067] For such an embodiment - e.g. with regard to a large wrap - in the respective applicator 101; 10T, the metering roller 102; 102', the laminating roller 103; 103' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' forming the laminating gap 107; 107' with the latter can be arranged relative to one another in a first embodiment variant such that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the respectively adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' intersect at an angle α which is, for example, between 40° and 130°, in particular between 70° and 110°, preferably between 80° and 100°. A large wrap can result in better heat transfer from a possibly temperature-controlled counter-pressure roller 106; 106' and / or improved - e.g. flutter-free - running up and down (see e.g. Fig. 3 to Fig. 5).

[0068] For example, the respective counterpressure roller 106; 106' can be arranged below the laminating roller 103; 103' in such a way that the plane connecting the rotation axes R103; R106; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' deviates from the vertical by a maximum of ± 30°, in particular a maximum of ± 15°. In this case, the pressing force in the laminating gap and gravity act predominantly in the same direction.

[0069] In a second embodiment variant, which is advantageous, for example, with regard to the effective forces and load directions, the metering roller 102; 102, the laminating roller 103; 103' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' forming the laminating gap 107; 107' with the latter are arranged in relation to one another in the respective application unit 101; 101', for example, in such a way that the planes connecting the axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the pairs of adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' intersect at most at an acute angle a, which is at most 20°, in particular at 0°, so that the axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the three rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the same application unit 101; 101' lie in the same plane. This makes the arrangement very rigid, since the forces and counterforces are at least predominantly opposite to each other. With such an arrangement of the three rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106, e.g.Also referred to as a "planar arrangement," the three rollers are arranged in a row one behind the other such that their rotational axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' intersect at least one identical straight line perpendicular to the respective rotational axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103'. They may be slightly inclined or tiltable relative to each other, as explained below.

[0070] The two application units 101; 10T with their laminating rollers 103; 103' are located on different sides of the substrate path and can be arranged one above the other in such a way that the two laminating gaps 107; 107' are located directly above one another vertically in one embodiment (see, for example, Fig. 6) or, in another embodiment, are offset horizontally from one another, in particular by at least half and at most one and a half laminating roller diameters (see, for example, Fig. 7). In Fig. 7, for example, a substrate guide that can be transferred to other designs is indicated by a dashed line, which allows a larger wrap angle and thus better heat transfer and / or more stable running. For this purpose,the substrate path is deflected by an additional substrate guide element 121 such that the transport direction Ts runs at an inclination of at least 45° to the transport direction Ts of the outgoing substrate 006 when it runs onto the following roller 106; 106'.

[0071] In addition to the metering roller 102; 102', the second roller 103; 103' or a roller which interacts directly with the second roller or indirectly via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller, in an advantageous further development a further roller 118; 118' (see for example as an example for all embodiments of the first group in Fig. 5) can be provided, which in an operational, ie during production operation, circumferential section which guides the dry film 003; 003' between the metering gap 104; 104' and the laminating gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller 103; 103' in the manner of a calender roller 118; 118' to a dry film 003; 003 which is fed or guided on the laminating roller 103; 103'. 003' is available.

[0072] For the above-mentioned designs, variants and forms, in a first configuration for the roller bearing, the laminating roller 103; 103' of the respective application unit 101; 10T with its rotation axis R103; R103' can be mounted in an operationally stationary manner, although its position can be adjusted if necessary, and the metering roller 102; 102' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' can be mounted via respective actuators 109; 109'; 111; 11T in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated laminating roller 103; 103'.Here and in the following, the term actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' is to be understood as the entirety of the means which effect and / or enable the direct or indirect positioning of a roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106', which are also referred to below as adjusting means 109; 109'; 111; 111' and comprise at least one adjusting mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' which guides the roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' along an adjusting movement, as well as one or more drive means 132; 132'; 133; 133' which effect the positioning.

[0073] For positioning the respective metering roller 102; 102' to the second roller 103; 103', a position-based actuator 109; 109' or actuating means 109; 109' for position-based positioning is provided in a first embodiment, i.e., an actuator 109; 109' or actuating means 109; 109', via which a defined position for the component to be positioned can be approached. A position-based actuator 109; 109' or position-based actuating means 109; 109' is or are, for example, positionable with respect to a predetermined and / or defined position or can be operated or adjusted in a position-controlled or even position-regulated manner.

[0074] Such a position-based actuator 109; 109' can, for example, be realized in that a drive means 132; 133, e.g. a drive motor, can itself assume a defined and predeterminable position, as is possible for example for a position-controllable servo drive or motor (see, for example, an embodiment of the drive means 132 described below as a hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132 that can be controlled and / or regulated with regard to the piston position), or in that an actuating path is limited at least to the relevant side by stop means 119, e.g. an adjustable stop 119, which can be adjusted, for example, via actuating and / or drive means 146, which defines the end position and against which the component to be adjusted with regard to the position is pushed by means of, for example, a B. force-based or non-position-accurate drive means is set or can be set (see, for example, the explanations for Fig. 19 or Fig. 22).In this case, the roller 102; 102' is mounted, for example, in or on an adjusting mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is formed by a bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' that implements the adjustment path, for example, with precise positioning. Such a mechanism is advantageously provided, for example, by a bearing 113; 113' comprising an eccentric, e.g. a three-ring bearing 113; 113'. With regard, for example, to a position parallel to the adjustment direction and therefore more direct with regard to the adjustment path, a linear bearing 112; 112' running in the adjustment direction can also be advantageous instead. For the adjustment of the respective counter-pressure roller 103'; 106; 106', a force-based actuator 111; 111 or adjusting means 111; 111 ' are provided for a force-based adjustment, ie an actuator 111; 111 ' or adjusting means 111, via which orwhich can be adjusted to the abutment with a defined force. A force-based actuator 111; 111' or force-based actuating means 111; 111' is / are, for example, adjustable with respect to a predetermined and / or defined force or can be operated in a force-controlled or even force-regulated manner.

[0075] Such a force-based actuator 111; 111' - in particular provided at least on one side - can be realized, for example, in that a drive means 132, e.g. a drive motor 132, can itself apply a defined and predeterminable force, as is possible, for example, for a torque-regulatable or controllable, in particular torque-regulatable or controllable servo drive or motor, or in that the roller to be adjusted can be adjusted against the other roller 103; 103' with an adjusting force towards the relevant side by a drive means actuated by means of a pressure medium, e.g. by a pneumatically or hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132; 133, wherein the pressure of the drive means 132; 133 is preferably adjustable. The counter-pressure roller 106; 106' is here, for example, in or on an adjusting mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is controlled by a force-based actuating force, ieA bearing mechanism 112; 112' converting the travel, i.e., without additional mechanical limitation of the travel, is formed. As such, it can advantageously be formed, for example—at least on one side, but preferably on both sides—by a bearing mechanism 112; 112' designed as a linear bearing 112; 112'.

[0076] In a second embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjusted force-based and the counterpressure roller 106; 106 can be adjusted position-based. For this purpose, the above-mentioned provisions must be transferred and applied accordingly. In a third embodiment, however, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be adjusted force-based, and in a fourth embodiment, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be adjusted position-based. For this purpose, the above-mentioned provisions must be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0077] In a particularly advantageous fifth embodiment, a combined actuating mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' and / or a combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' or combined actuating means 109; 109'; 111; 111' is provided for the actuation of at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for the actuation of the counter-pressure roller 106; 106', which optionally allows a position-based actuation of the respective roller 102; 102'; 106; 106' or a force-based actuation.

[0078] Such a combined actuator 109; 109'; 111 ; 111 ' is formed, for example, by an actuator 109, 111 ; 109', 11 T or actuating means 109, 111 ; 109', 11 T with an actuating mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', in whose actuating path a stop 119, which can be positioned, for example, via drive and / or actuating means, can be optionally introduced to limit the position. Alternatively, an actuator 109, 111; 109', 111' can also be advantageous which, as drive means 132, 133; 132', 133', has a motor 132; 132'; 133; that can be operated either in a position-controlled or torque-controlled manner. 133', in particular servo motor.

[0079] In a second configuration for the roller bearing, the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' of the respective application unit 101; 10T with its rotation axis R106; R106' can be operationally stationary, although adjustable if necessary, and the laminating rollers 103; 103' with each associated metering roller 102; 102' can be mounted in pairs via respective common bearing mechanisms 112; 112' and / or actuators 111; 111' in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106', and in addition to this, the respective metering rollers 102; 102' can be mounted via bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or actuators 109; 109'; 111; 11 T can be mounted in a direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively associated laminating roller 103; 103'.

[0080] In a first, advantageous embodiment, a position-based actuator 109; 109' in the above sense can be provided for positioning the respective metering roller 102; 102', e.g., a bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' formed on one or both sides by a three-ring bearing 113; 113' or by a linear bearing 112; 112'; 113; 113'. A force-based actuator 111; 111 can be provided in the above sense for positioning the laminating rollers 103; 103', each with its associated metering roller 102; 102'.

[0081] In a second embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjusted force-based and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be adjusted position-based. For this purpose, the above-mentioned provisions must be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0082] In a third embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be force-based, and in a fourth embodiment, the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be position-based. For this purpose, the above-mentioned provisions must be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0083] In a particularly advantageous fifth embodiment, for the adjustment of at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for the adjustment of the roller pair 103, 102;

[0084] 103', 102 in the above sense and / or in the above embodiment, a combined adjusting mechanism 112; 113; 112, 113 is provided, which allows optionally a position-based or force-based adjustment of the pair towards the counter-pressure roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103.

[0085] In a second group of embodiments for the coating device

[0086] 100* (see, for example, shown in Fig. 8 to Fig. 12, Fig. 15 to Fig. 19, Fig. 25, Fig. 26 and Fig. 28), the second roller 003' of the second application unit 10T or a roller of the second application unit 101' which interacts directly with the second roller 103' or indirectly via one or more further rollers, together with the second or further roller 103 of the first application unit 101 acting as a laminating roller 103, form a common gap 107 acting as a two-sided laminating gap 107 in a nip between their lateral surfaces, wherein the two laminating rollers 103; 103' forming the gap 107 between themselves act mutually as counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided between the latter and, in particular on both sides, can be exposed to the dry films 003', 003' formed via the first and second film-forming gaps 104; 104'.Such an arrangement of two application units 101; 10T cooperating for simultaneous application on both sides is also referred to below as a double application unit 101; 10T.

[0087] In this case, the planes formed by the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the metering roller 102; 102' and the laminating roller 103; 103' in the respective application unit 101; 10T intersect, for example, at most at an acute angle a, which is, for example, a maximum of 20°, advantageously a maximum of 5°, in particular 0°, so that in the latter case the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the two application units 101; 10T interacting in a two-sided laminating gap 107 lie in the same plane or run parallel but vertically offset from one another.

[0088] In a first embodiment, the two levels run in a common horizontal plane or horizontally but vertically offset from each other (see e.g. Fig. 8).

[0089] In a second embodiment, which is advantageous, for example, with regard to a small wrap, the two planes run in a common plane inclined to the horizontal or in two planes inclined to the horizontal but vertically offset from one another. The common plane or the two offset planes are inclined, for example, to the horizontal by an acute angle ß of 2° to 15°, in particular 3° to 10° (see, for example, Fig. 9). With such an arrangement of all, in particular all four rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103' of a double application unit 101; 101' in one plane, e.g. also referred to as a "planar arrangement", the rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103' are arranged one behind the other in a row such that their axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102' intersect at least one identical straight line perpendicular to the respective rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'. They may, if necessary,be slightly inclined or inclined relative to each other as explained below.

[0090] In addition to the respective metering roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103; 103', in an advantageous further development, a further roller 118; 118' in the above-mentioned type of a calender roller 118; 118' can also be provided here (see, for example, the dashed lines in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 as examples for all embodiments of the second group).

[0091] For the above-mentioned embodiments and forms, in a first configuration for the roller bearing, a first of the two laminating rollers 103 or a further roller of a first of the two application units 101 acting as a laminating roller can be mounted with its rotation axis R103 in a stationary manner, although possiblyadjustable, while the second of the laminating rollers 103' or a further roller acting as a second laminating roller with the associated metering roller 102; 102' via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common actuator 109; 109'; 111; 11T in pairs in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106', and in addition to this, the respective metering rollers 102; 102' via bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or actuators 109; 109'; 111; 11T in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively associated laminating roller 103; 103' or further roller. In the case of one or more additional rollers between the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller acting as a laminating roller, for example,These can also be adjusted jointly in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106' via the common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or the common actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0092] In a first advantageous embodiment, a position-based actuator 109; 109' is provided in the above sense and / or in an aforementioned embodiment for adjusting the respective metering roller 102; 102'. For adjusting the second laminating roller 103' in pairs with the associated metering roller 102', a force-based actuator 111; 111 can be provided for force-based adjustment in the above sense and / or in an aforementioned embodiment.

[0093] In a second embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjusted force-based and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be adjusted position-based. The above-mentioned provisions apply accordingly.

[0094] In a third embodiment, however, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be force-based, and in a fourth embodiment, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be position-based. For this purpose, the above-mentioned provisions must be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0095] In an advantageous fifth embodiment, a combined adjusting mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' is provided for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for adjusting the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 in the above sense and / or in the above embodiment, which optionally allows a position-based adjusting of the pair against the laminating roller 103'; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 103'; 103 via a position-based actuator 109; 109' and a force-based adjusting via a force-based actuator 111; 111'. In an advantageous sixth embodiment, described in more detail below in connection with Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 or Fig. 25 to Fig. 28, a combined adjusting mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' is provided for adjusting the first gap 104; 104' or the respective dosing roller 102; 102', a position-based actuator 109; 109' in the above sense and / or in an above-mentioned embodiment is provided and for setting the second gap 107 orthe adjustment of the counterpressure roller 103', a force-based actuator 111; 111 for force-based adjustment in the above sense, wherein the two metering rollers 102; 102' and the counterpressure roller 103; 103' to be adjusted are each adjustable individually, i.e., without pairwise coupling. In a particularly advantageous development of this embodiment, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' in the above sense and / or in the above embodiment is provided for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or for adjusting the second gap 107 or the counterpressure roller 103'.

[0096] For all versions of the two groups of embodiments with jointly adjustable rollers 103'; 102'; 103; 102, these can be mounted on both sides in supports 122'; 122, in particular in side parts of a base frame, which in turn are mounted in a frame accommodating the application units 101; 10T via bearing mechanisms 112'; 112; 113'; 113 formed by linear bearings 112'; 112; 113'; 113.

[0097] Alternatively, the two jointly adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be mounted on both sides in supports, in particular in side parts of a base frame, which in turn are pivotally mounted about a pivot axis parallel to the rotation axis of the first, stationary laminating roller 103; 103' (see, for example, Fig. 12).

[0098] As already mentioned, in a respective application unit 101; 10T, at least one further roller acting as a laminating roller and forming the laminating gap 107; 107' with the counter-pressure roller 106; 103' can be provided between the second roller 103; 103' and the nip point to the counter-pressure roller 106; 103'.

[0099] For all versions of the two groups of embodiments, in a particularly advantageous development, a removal device 114; 114', in particular a cleaning blade 114; 114', is provided in the respective application unit 101; 101', which is comprised, for example, of a material removal device 127; 127' and can be selectively moved to and from the outer surface of the first roller 102; 102' for cleaning purposes. This device extends, for example, at least over the width of the roller outer surface effective for film formation.

[0100] Instead of this, or advantageously in addition to this, the material removal 127; 127' in the respective application unit 101; 101' comprises, viewed axially parallel to the second roller 103; 103', two removal devices 116; 116', in particular side edge doctor blades 116; 116', which can be adjusted axially parallel and are positioned or adjustable against the second roller 103; 103' and are spaced apart from one another. These removal devices can be adjusted axially parallel and are positioned or adjustable against the second roller 103; 103', by means of which a dry film 003; 003' conveyed over the second roller 103; 103' can be removed in the region of its side edges and, for example, deposited into a collecting device 117; 117'. This removal serves, for example, as so-called edge trimming to obtain a straight edge and / or a desired width b003; b003' of the dry film 003; 003. The collected quantity can, for example, be returned to the powder mixture supply 004; 004'. Such a removal device 116; 116' can also be used to remove an edge strip 008; 008', which, for example,used to determine the density of the material layer 003; 003'.

[0101] For cleaning purposes, a removal device 129; 129', in particular a cleaning doctor blade 129; 129', which can be adjusted to and from the outer surface of the second roller 103; 103' and which extends, for example, at least over the width of the roller outer surface effective for film formation, and optionally a suction or collecting device (not shown) can also be provided, and if appropriate, a suction or collecting device (not shown). For the supply or introduction of the powder mixture 004; 004' into the first gap 004; 004, an above-mentioned powder supply device 700; 700' for supplying a powdery material is provided, wherein in the region of the gusset above the gap 104; 104', ie in the area above the gap 104; 104' between the outer surfaces of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in particular a wedge-like or triangular space, preferably a filling and / or supply space 126 with a width extending in the axial direction of the second roller 103; 103' is formed and / or provided.

[0102] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the applicator 101; 101' above the first gap 104; 104' two limits 124, in particular side plates 124, are provided which are axially parallel to the first roller 102; 102' and spaced apart from one another and which can be adjusted, for example, in the axially parallel direction. These limits 124 each seal off an area of ​​the upper gusset formed between the lateral surfaces of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' towards both end faces of the applicator 101; 101' and in this way form an intermediate filling and / or storage space 126 which is preferably variable in width and which holds the powder mixture 004; 004'. Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film 003; 003', the filling and / or storage space 126 can thereby be varied or be variable on at least one, preferably on both sides in the position of its lateral boundary 124.As an alternative to a filling and / or storage space 126 directly delimited in the lower area by the lateral surfaces, a filling and / or storage space 126 in the form of a filling or storage funnel, e.g. comparable to an insertion aid mentioned below, could in principle also be provided directly in or above the gusset - at least where not contradictory to other design features of the applicator 101; 10T or the powder feed 700; 700'.

[0103] For all above mentioned versions, variants, configurations, embodiments or

[0104] In some embodiments, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' of the first roller 102; 102 is preferably designed such that a gap width b104 for the first gap 104; 104' can be operationally set to a variable clear width at the narrowest point of at least 15 pm, advantageously of at least 30 pm, in particular of at least 50 pm, and / or that the gap width b104 of the first gap 104; 104' can be adjusted at least via the above-mentioned position-based drive means 132;

[0105] 132' and / or via at least one-sided stop means 119 which limit a setting position in the direction of the nip point and are adjustable in their position, ie for example an above-mentioned, in particular adjustable or positionable stop 119.

[0106] Alternatively or additionally, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' are advantageously designed to set and / or apply a line force of, for example, at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably a line force between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, in the first gap 104; 104', at least in the region of its width contributing to film formation, between the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' forming the first gap 104; 104'.

[0107] As mentioned above, for positioning the metering roller 102; 102' to the second roller 103; 103' - e.g. in an above embodiment and / or in the above sense - a combined positioning mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' can be provided, which optionally allows - e.g. in one operating mode - a position-based positioning via a position-based actuator 109; 109' and - e.g. in a second operating mode - a force-based positioning via a force-based actuator 111; 111'.

[0108] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs and, for example, independently of the above-mentioned implementation of the coating device 100; 100* with individual application units 101; 101' with respective counter-pressure rollers 106; 106 or with combined application units 101; 101' with mutually effective counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' is adjustable on the basis of an actuator 109; 109' that is position-based in the above sense, e.g. positionable with respect to a predetermined position or position-controlled or position-regulated, e.g. positionable with respect to the gap width b104, via, for example, a control chain Sb; Sd; S"d; SF controllable or via e.g. a control circuit Rb; Rd; R"d; RF adjustable, i.e. for example to a constant and / or defined gap width b104; b104' adjustable, e.g. positionable, controllable oradjustable, wherein the position-based setting is directed to a defined and constant relative position or gap width 104 of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' in their working position, and / or the laminating gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103 in the above sense on the basis of a force-based, e.g. force-controlled or force-regulated, actuator 111; 111 ', e.g. controllable with regard to the actuating force via, for example, a pressure control valve or, for example, a control path comprising such a pressure control valve or, for example. B. is controllable via, for example, a control path comprising such a pressure control valve, i.e. is adjustable, for example, to a constant and / or defined actuating or line force, e.g. controllable or adjustable, wherein the force-based setting is in particular based on a defined and / or constant actuating or line force.Line force between the two rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 involved in the second gap 107; 107' is directed in their working position. For the sake of clarification, it should be noted that the line or positioning force effective between the two rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 involved in the second gap 107; 107' does not act directly, but rather via the material guided through the gap, in the case of the film-forming gap 104; 104', for example, via the powdered material 004; 004' and in the case of the laminating gap 107; 107' via the product strand 002 having the dry film 007 on one or both sides.

[0109] Without limiting the above-mentioned specific embodiments, in principle any of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can be adjusted by the corresponding actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or mounted on corresponding adjusting mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the above sense. This also applies to embodiments wherein one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can be adjusted together with another roller involved in this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' non-participating roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' is mounted together in such a way that it can be adjusted.

[0110] Likewise, for example, independently of the above-mentioned implementation of the coating device 100; 100* with individual application units 101; 10T with respective counter-pressure rollers 106; 106 or with combined application units 101; 101' with mutually acting counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103, in an embodiment which is particularly advantageous with regard to optimal adjustability, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' of the same application unit 101; 101' and / or the laminating gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the cooperating counter-pressure roller 106; 106; 103'; 103 - for example, not only position- or force-based, but - on the basis of a combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' optionally - in particular in the above sense - position-based adjustable, e.g. positionable with respect to the gap width b104, controllable via e.g. a control chain Sb; Sd; S"d; SF or controllable via e.g. a control circuit Rb; Rd; R"d; RF, ie in e.g.one operating mode to a constant and / or defined relative position of the two rollers and / or a constant and / or defined gap width b104 adjustable, e.g. positionable or controllable or adjustable, or in e.g. another operating mode force-based adjustable, e.g. with regard to the actuating force via e.g. a pressure control valve or e.g. a control section comprising such a pressure control valve controllable or e.g. via a control section comprising such a pressure control valve, i.e. in e.g. another operating mode adjustable to a defined and / or constant actuating or line force, e.g.controllable or regulatable. In particular, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is mounted in a combined adjusting mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 so as to be adjustable either in a position-based or force-based manner and / or the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is optionally adjustable to a constant and / or defined gap width or to a constant and / or defined setting or line force in the above sense, in particular controllable or regulatable in the above sense. Here too, without limiting the above-mentioned specific embodiments, in principle any of the two rollers involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' involved rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' by the corresponding combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or mounted accordingly on corresponding combined adjusting mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the above sense.This also applies to designs in which one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the respective gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is mounted in such a way that it can be adjusted together with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' not involved in this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'.

[0111] In an advantageous embodiment, the combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 11T is formed by a force-based, in particular force-controllable or adjustable, actuator 111; 11T with an actuating mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112', into whose actuating path a stop 119, which can be positioned, for example, via drive and / or actuating means 145; 146, can be optionally introduced to limit the position. A cylinder-piston system 133 actuated by pressure medium, in particular hydraulically, is preferably provided as the drive means 133.

[0112] For positioning, the first roller 102; 102' can be mounted via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or a position-based or force-based or optionally position- or force-based actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned second roller 103; 103'. Additionally or instead, the counter-pressure roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103 can be mounted via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or a position-based or force-based or optionally position- or force-based actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' can be mounted so as to be adjustable in a direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the second or an intermediate further roller 103; 103'.

[0113] Alternatively, the first roller 103; 103' with the associated second roller 102; 102' can be mounted in pairs so as to be movable towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106' via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or a common, for example, position-based or force-based or optionally position- or force-based actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111', and in addition to this, the respective first roller 102; 102' can be mounted via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or a, for example, position-based or force-based or optionally position- or force-based actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111 ' is mounted in a direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively associated second roller 103; 103'.

[0114] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or refinements, the first roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103; 103' forming the first gap 104; 104' with it are rotatably driven or driven mechanically independently of one another in opposite directions and at different circumferential speeds and / or by different drive means 148; 149, e.g. drive motors 148; 149, in particular at least speed-adjustable or controllable servo motors.

[0115] In this case, the first roller 102; 102' is operated at a lower speed, wherein the first roller 102; 102', in particular metering roller 102; 102', and the associated second roller 103; 103', in particular laminating roller 103; 103', are operationally operable or operated, for example, in a ratio V102(102') : V103(103') of their peripheral speed of the first to the second roller 102, 102'; 103; 103', which lies in a range between 1:5 and 3:5, in particular 1:4. The rollers 103; 106; 103; 103' are preferably operatively driven or driven at the same peripheral speed by a common drive motor 148, in particular a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors 148, in particular servo motors 148, mechanically independently of one another.

[0116] In an advantageous embodiment, the mechanically independent drive motors 148; 149 can be operated by a drive control via an electronic, in particular virtual, master axis.

[0117] Of particular advantage is a further development in which the first roller 102; 102' has, in the region of its lateral surface contributing to film formation, a surface which is more material-repellent with respect to the powder mixture and / or has a less strongly adhesively effective lateral surface than the second roller 103; 103' in the region of its lateral surface contributing to film formation.

[0118] At least the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can have a polished and / or chrome-coated or ceramic-coated surface, at least in the region of its outer surface that contributes to film formation. The first roller 102; 102' can have a structured or material-repellent surface, at least in the region of its outer surface that contributes to film formation.

[0119] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments, or refinements, the first and / or second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can be tempered, in particular heated, preferably such that its outer surface - e.g. at an ambient temperature of 25°C - can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C.

[0120] Instead of this, or preferably in addition to this, the roller 106; 106' of the first group of embodiments, which only acts as a counter-pressure roller 106; 106'; 103; 103, can also be tempered, in particular heated, preferably in such a way that its outer surface - e.g. at an ambient temperature of 25°C - can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C.

[0121] The temperature control or heating can in principle be carried out electrically, but in an advantageous embodiment, it is realized here by passing a temperature control or heating fluid through the roller 102; 102'; 103, 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature controlled. The temperature control fluid, e.g., appropriately tempered water, is supplied to and discharged from the respective roller 102; 102'; 103, 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature controlled via a temperature control fluid line 134 and, e.g., a rotary union.

[0122] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments, or configurations, the two applicators 101; 10T, together with one or more substrate guide elements 121, possibly arranged directly before, after, or between them, are mounted in a common or possibly multi-part frame 128, e.g., two end-face frame walls 131 of a same or possibly multi-part frame 128. In the case of a common frame 128 with one-piece frame walls 131, a particularly rigid arrangement of the applicators 101; 10T can be provided in a laminating unit 100; 100* designed as an aggregate 100; 100*, e.g., a laminating aggregate 100; 100*.

[0123] In the event that a calendering unit 600; 600*, described below, also referred to as a calender 600; 600*, is provided in the substrate path - e.g., directly - downstream of the laminating unit 100; 100*, rollers 601; 60T; 602; 602* included in the calendering unit 600; 600* can, in an advantageous development, also be mounted in this frame 603 or, in an advantageous variant, e.g., as a separate unit 600; 600*, e.g., calendering unit 600; 600*, in side walls of a separate frame 603 arranged directly on and / or above the frame 128 supporting the application units 101; 10T.

[0124] In a version of the machine shown, for example, in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16, which may be somewhat longer but in which, for example, the risk of vibration transmission between the units 100; 100*; 600; 600*, in particular at least the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600; 600*, is reduced, the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600 provided there are provided horizontally next to one another, preferably even in separate frames 128; 603, which are, for example, separated from one another in terms of vibration. The calendering unit 600; 600* can also be omitted in a variant of Fig. 3, Fig. 10, Fig. 15 and / or Fig. 16 (not shown). An advantageous version of such a machine without an additional calendering unit provided in the substrate path is, for example, B. shown in Fig. 17 and described in more detail below.

[0125] However, a calendering unit 600; 600*, as shown, for example, in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16, or a calendering process additionally arranged downstream of the application of the dry film 003; 003*, is not mandatory and can be omitted entirely in a different design of the coating machine. In the latter case, calendering can then be omitted entirely or can be carried out or implemented in a separate process and / or a separate, e.g., second machine. The second machine comprises, for example, a substrate unwinder on the input side, from which the web-shaped intermediate product 002 can be unwound and guided along a substrate path through at least one calendering unit 600 to a roll winder on the output side or via a cross-cutting device to a delivery.

[0126] Basically independent of, but advantageously in conjunction with one of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or refinements of the applicators 101; 10T and / or coating devices 100; 100* and / or machine configurations, the frame 128 of the device for coating 100; 100* is designed in several parts in a particularly advantageous embodiment (see e.g. Fig. 18, Fig. 19, Fig. 20, Fig. 21, Fig. 22, Fig. 24, Fig. 25, Fig. 26 and Fig. 28). In this case, at least two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 of the applicator 101; 10T, in an advantageous embodiment at least the two forming the laminating gap 107; 107' forming rollers 103; 103'; 106 together and / or acting as counter-pressure rollers 103; 103'; 106, on both sides in - in particular rigidly connected - frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of two different sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which are variable in their relative position along an adjustment direction running perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' of at least one of the two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 in such a way that a distance between their lateral surfaces or rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' and / or an effective adjustment force between the lateral surfaces of two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 - e.g. via a carrier substrate 006 acted upon or coated on at least one side or via the powdery material 004; 004' - can be varied or adjusted. In a preferred variant, one of the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be fixed in a spatial manner - e.g. on a base of the coating device 100; 100* or in or on a higher-level frame structure 145, e.g.a base plate 145, fixed to the frame, - and the other of the at least two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 via a bearing mechanism 112; 113 within at least one adjustment range along the relevant adjustment direction, and in another variant, both one and the other of the adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be adjustable along the adjustment direction. The sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 each comprise, in particular, two frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4, which are rigidly, although possibly detachably, connected to one another via one or more cross connections, e.g., one or more cross members 136; 137. A movement of a sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 adjustable in the above manner can thus take place as a whole together with the roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 or rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 carried by it.

[0127] In an above-mentioned embodiment of an application unit 101 for only one-sided application, i.e. with a first roller 102, e.g. the metering roller 102, a second roller 103, e.g. the laminating roller 103, and a pure counter-pressure roller 106, in a first embodiment variant not shown, for example the first and the second roller 102; 103 can be mounted together in or on frame walls 131.1 of a first sub-frame 128.1 and the counter-pressure roller 106 in or on frame walls 131.2 of a second sub-frame 128.2. For this purpose, for example the first roller 102 is force-based in or on the first sub-frame 128.1 via the above-mentioned adjusting means 109; 111, e.g. B. in the above sense force-defined, force-controlled or force-regulated, in their positioning force and / or position-based, e.g.positionable in the above sense, position-controlled or position-regulated, mounted so that its distance from the second roller 103 can be adjusted (wherein the "and" variant in the and / or expression here stands for a combined actuator that can be adjusted either force-based or position-based). In an alternative variant, for example, the second roller 102; 103 and the counter-pressure roller 106 are mounted in or on frame walls 131.1 of a first sub-frame 128.1 and the first roller 102, e.g. metering roller 102, are mounted on frame walls 131.3 of a separate sub-frame 128.3. For this purpose, for example, the counter-pressure roller 106 is force-based in or on the first sub-frame 128.1 via the above-mentioned adjusting means 109; 111, e.g. force-defined, force-controlled or force-regulated and / or position-based, e.g. B. positionable, position-controlled or position-regulated, mounted so as to be adjustable at a distance from the second roller 103.

[0128] In a preferred variant of the above-mentioned embodiment of an applicator 101 for only one-sided application, the first, the second and the counter-pressure rollers 102; 103; 106 are mounted in or on frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3 of a respective sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3. In this case, for example, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3, preferably the sub-frame 128.2 carrying the second roller 103, is arranged in a spatially or frame-fixed manner, and the two other sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3 are mounted so as to be movable relative to it along the adjustment direction. In Fig. 18, for example, for this embodiment, For example, the right sub-frame 128.4 with frame walls 131.4 and the roller 102' is omitted, with the roller 103' then being designed as a pure counter-pressure roller 106.

[0129] In a preferred embodiment of the application unit 101; 10T as a double application unit 101; 10T for simultaneous double-sided application, as shown for example in Fig. 8 to 12 and Fig. 15, Fig. 16 and Fig. 17, in a first variant not shown, the two roller pairs consisting of dosing and laminating rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be mounted in pairs in a sub-frame 128.1; 128.2, wherein the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 are positionally variable relative to one another in the above-mentioned manner such that a distance between the rotation axes R103; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103 forming the laminating gap 107 with one another is maintained. 103' and / or a directly or indirectly effective adjusting force between the lateral surfaces is variable. One of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 can be mounted in a spatially or frame-fixed manner, and the other can be mounted so as to be movable in the adjustment direction. The metering rollers 102; 102' are, for example, force-based in the respective sub-frame 128.1; 128.2 via the aforementioned adjusting means 109; 111, e.g.force-defined, force-controlled or force-regulated and / or position-based, e.g. positionable, position-controlled or position-regulated, mounted so as to be adjustable at a distance from the adjacent laminating roller 103. In an alternative variant, also not shown, the pair of rollers 103, 103' forming the laminating gap 107; 107' can be mounted in a first, common sub-frame 128.1 and the two metering rollers 102; 102' can each be mounted in their own sub-frame 128.3; 128.4, wherein the first sub-frame 128.2 is, for example, spatially or frame-fixed and the two other sub-frames 128.3; 128.4 are movable relative to the first sub-frame 128.1 such that a distance between the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or a direct or indirect contact force acting between the lateral surfaces is variable. In this case, one of the laminating rollers 103; 103' can beAdjusting means 109; 111 can be mounted in a force-based manner, e.g., force-defined, force-controlled, or force-regulated, and / or position-based manner, e.g., positionable, position-controlled, or position-regulated, and can be adjusted at a distance from the other laminating roller 103.

[0130] In a preferred embodiment of the application unit 101; 10T as a double application unit 101; 10T for simultaneous application on both sides, however, all four or - in the case of, for example, further intermediate rollers, all - rollers 102; 103, 102'; 103' are mounted in frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of separate sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. In this case, for example, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably a sub-frame 128.1 carrying a second or laminating roller 103, in particular the laminating roller 103 of the first applicator 101, is arranged in a spatially or frame-fixed manner, and the remaining sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are mounted so as to be adjustable along a direction preferably perpendicular to a rotational axis R103; 103' of a laminating roller 103; 103', in particular the laminating roller 103 mounted so as to be adjustable in a straight line, in particular along a horizontally extending adjustment direction.

[0131] Preferably, at least the roller 103 of the first application unit 101 which is involved in forming the second gap 107; 107' and which follows upstream with respect to the material flow and / or is the first roller 102 of the first application unit 101 is mounted in or on a third sub-frame 128.3, which is displaceable along an adjustment direction which runs perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' of at least the roller 103 of the first application unit 101 which is involved in forming the second gap 107. In the case of the double application unit 101; 10T, in an advantageous embodiment, the roller 102 which is involved in forming the second gap 107; 107' involved laminating roller 103' of the second application unit 10T following upstream with respect to the material flow, in particular the first roller 102 of the second application unit 10T in or on a fourth sub-frame 128.4, which is displaceable along an adjustment direction that runs perpendicular at least to the rotation axis R103 of the roller 103 mounted in or on the spatially or spatially most positioned sub-frame 128.1. For all of the aforementioned embodiments with movable sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, these are preferably movable on linear guides 112; 112', wherein separate guide sections 138, e.g. rail pieces 138, can be provided for each of the movable sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, or continuous guides 138 or rails 138 for two or more displaceable adjacent sub-frames 128.2; 128.4. The sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can have support feet 139 on the bottom side which are designed to correspond to the guide sections 138 or guides 138 and which, for example, comprise sliding or rolling elements.

[0132] The rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 can in principle be mounted on a respective axis which is mounted in a rotationally fixed manner in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the respective sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 via corresponding bearings 151 or advantageously - as can be seen, for example, in Figures Fig. 18 to Fig. 22 and Fig. 25, Fig. 26 and Fig. 28 - with end-face roller necks in bearings 151, in particular radial bearings 151, which in turn are arranged in or on the respective frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4.

[0133] In the preferred embodiment here, the adjacent and relatively movable sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be moved towards one another in the setting direction on each frame side by at least one drive means 132; 132'; 133; 133', in particular by at least one adjusting device 141; 165 comprising a drive means 132; 132'; 133; 133' and optionally via further means transmitting the adjusting movement or force, preferably by two or at least two adjusting devices 141, in particular pulling devices 141, e.g. in the manner of clamping devices 141, on each frame side, and can be moved away from one another again or at least released again. The pulling devices 141 can be designed in such a way that they not only produce the above-mentioned pulling force, but if necessary also a force directed in the opposite direction and / or a force that moves the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 apart from each other, e.g.a compressive force effective between the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be applied. The mutually facing sides of the adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which are arranged so as to be movable relative to one another, are designed, for example, to correspond to one another in such a way that the adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 carried by the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 - e.g. with appropriately positioned stop means 119 - can be moved with their effective lateral surfaces into a relative position desired for operation, possibly with a desired gap width b104; b104' or a gap width b104; b104'. What has been explained here for the first gap 104; 104' is to be transferred accordingly to the setting of the second gap 107 or its gap width b107 in the case of a position-based adjustable second gap 107.

[0134] In an advantageous embodiment of such an applicator 101; 10T with a multi-part frame 128, at least one actuator 109; 109', which effects the adjustment, e.g., the variation of the position and / or the contact force between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and comprises a drive means 132; 133, is designed to be position-based, e.g., positionable, position-controlled, or position-regulated, or - in a particularly advantageous embodiment - can be operated optionally in a position-based manner, e.g., force-defined, force-controlled, or force-regulated, or in a position-based manner, e.g., positionable, position-controlled, or position-regulated.

[0135] In a first embodiment variant (see e.g. Fig. 18 to Fig. 22), for example, a drive means 133 which acts on the sub-frame 128.3; 128.4 carrying the first roller 102; 102' and on the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2 carrying the second roller 103; 103'; 106 and is operable or operated in a force-based manner, in particular a drive means 133 which can be operated or operated in a force-controlled or force-regulated manner, in particular a cylinder-piston system 133 which can be acted upon by pressurised fluid, in particular hydraulically, is provided as drive means 133, as well as at least one cylinder-piston system 133 which can be acted upon by pressurised fluid, in particular hydraulically, between the sub-frame 128.3; 128.4 carrying the first roller 102; 102' and the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2 carrying the second roller 103; 103'; 106 supporting sub-frame 128.1; 128.2, effective and - e.g. via adjusting and / or drive means 146 and / or by a servomotor 155 adjustable - if necessary in its stop effect, e.g. controllable or adjustable - stop means 119 is provided, which orwhich, for example, can be inserted into the travel path selectively and / or to a greater or lesser extent. In principle, any desired, preferably adjustable, stop means 119 can be provided as the stop means 119, by means of which an adjusting movement between the two relevant sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be limited and preferably adjustable with regard to the end position. This can, for example, be one or more stops 119 based on a respective screw thread, which or which can be brought into a desired position, in particular rotated, manually or via a remotely actuated actuating and / or drive means 146 - possibly via a gear and / or by a servo motor 155. In a preferred embodiment here, stop means 119 based on a wedge gear, for example counter-rotating wedge-shaped strips, e.g.provided as stops 119, which interact in pairs with opposite sides and have a strength that varies in opposite directions. For adjustment, it is sufficient if, for example, one of the wedge-shaped strips is displaced or can be displaced against the other in the longitudinal direction of the pair of strips by a suitable adjusting and / or drive means 146, e.g. a motor-driven actuator 146, for example formed by a screw drive, or a motor-driven rack. By means of such stop means 119, a very sensitive variation of the end position to be defined by the stop means 119 can be achieved with a large length of the interacting sides and a small gradient in strength.

[0136] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one actuator 109; 109', which effects the variation and / or the setting force between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second nip 107; 107' between them and comprises a drive means 132; 133, is designed to be force-based or - in a particularly advantageous embodiment - can be operated either force-based or position-based. In this case, for example, the drive means 133 is a drive element mounted on the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2, which support the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second nip 107; 107' between them. 105', a drive means 133, in particular a cylinder-piston system 133 which can be pressurised with pressurised fluid, preferably hydraulically, is provided, as well as at least one between these two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2 effective and adjustable stop means 119 via actuating and / or drive means 146. The stop means 119 can be designed in a manner as described above or deviating therefrom, but at least adjustable in its stop effect, e.g. controllable or adjustable.

[0137] The drive means 133 can act directly or indirectly on the respective two adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in that one active end of the drive means 132; 133, e.g. the piston or the piston rod 142 extending therefrom of a cylinder-piston system 132; 133 which can be acted upon, for example, with pressurized fluid, in particular hydraulically, and for example force-controlled or position-controlled, operated or operated, on the one hand, and / or one end of the cylinder 166, on the other hand, e.g. directly on the respective sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or the respective rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'. However, a connection can also be made indirectly, e.g. via further means transmitting the actuating movement and / or actuating force, e.g. a one-part or multi-part piston 167 or the piston strands 142 on the one hand and / or if necessary.On the other hand, a transmission element capable of tensile and / or compressive loading, e.g., in the form of a tension and / or push rod, extending or continuing the cylinder 166, can be realized. The respective connection of the actuating device 141 comprising the drive means 133 or directly of the drive means 133 itself, e.g., via pressure and / or tension plates 143; 144, determines an engagement surface for the action of the drive means 132; 133 in the present sense. Preferably, the two active ends of the actuating device 141 or of the drive means 133 comprised thereby are connected to the respective sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 not only in a tensile-resistant manner, but also in a compressive-resistant manner, as viewed in the actuating direction. This enables not only movement toward one another but also active movement away from one another.

[0138] In a preferred embodiment, at least one actuating device 141; 165 comprising a drive means 132; 133 and causing a relative actuating movement and / or tensile force between the two sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular an above-mentioned tensile device 141; 165, e.g. in the manner of a tensioning device 141; 165, engages between two or each two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in such a way that it is attached to the sub-frames 128.1;

[0139] 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 that they press the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with a force directed towards each other between the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 into a predetermined gap width b104 SOii and / or setting force and - if necessary against a force directed opposite to the setting direction by the powdered material 004 or the coated carrier substrate 006 - keep this relative position or setting force constant except for a deviating specification regarding the relative position and / or setting force to be maintained. This means that a tensile force can be introduced between the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 by the drive means 132; 133, which can be adjusted or controlled or regulated, for example based on position or force, which tensile force moves the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' for the case of a position-based setting to a desired gap width b104 SOii or, in the case of force-based positioning, is moved or held in a position in response to a desired positioning force - possibly counter to the opposing forces caused by the material 004 or the product strand 002. In contrast to the application of a pure pushing force to one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 from an outside, this has the advantage that the positioning force only acts on the relevant roller gap 104; 104'; 107; 107', and not - e.g. due to a possibly co-caused pressing of the second roller 103 against another roller 103'; 106 - an additional and uncontrolled force on another adjacent gap, e.g. a second gap 107; 107'. The at least one drive means 132; 133 or the actuating device 141; 165 comprising the drive means 132; 133 engages with its or its two active sides orActing on the adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in particular in such a way that, in order to set the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107 between the adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', they apply a setting force directed towards one another to these or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, ie they introduce a tensile force causing the movement and / or setting force between the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which brings about the above-mentioned advantage.

[0140] In the advantageous solution proposed here, one or more, for example, the above-mentioned adjusting devices 141 with a drive means 132; 133 act on the adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 between two or each two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with their respective active ends, ie the ends of the drive means 132; 133 or the adjusting device 141 which can be varied by activation in terms of the distance to one another and / or in terms of the tensile force exerted between them, in such a way that - for a e.g. B. position-based or force-based adjustment - by means of this between the two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames a tensile force can be introduced which causes a relative movement between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames and / or adjustment force between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', i.e. the adjusting device 141 orthe drive means 132; 133 pulls the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 towards each other for an adjustment - e.g. position- or force-based.

[0141] In the embodiments according to Figures 18 to 22, a force-based drive means 133, in particular a force-controlled or force-regulated drive means 133, and / or a drive means 133 configured as a cylinder-piston system 133 that can be pressurized with pressurized fluid, in particular hydraulically, is preferably provided for setting both the first and the second gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'. Such a cylinder-piston system 133 is preferably configured or designed such that a force of at least 20 kN, preferably at least 50 kN, can be applied by it in the respective roll gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'. Preferably, at least two such cylinder-piston systems 133 are provided on each frame side, acting between two adjacent sub-frames, whereby the above-mentioned force or line force can be applied by their entirety, for example.

[0142] The rolls 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 can in principle be mounted on a respective axis which is mounted in a rotationally fixed manner in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the respective sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3, 128.4 via corresponding bearings 151, or advantageously - as shown for example in Figures Fig. 18 to Fig. 22 and Fig. 25, Fig. 26 and Fig. 28 - with end-face roll necks in bearings 151 designed as radial bearings 151, wherein the bearings 151 in turn are mounted in or on the respective frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 are provided or arranged. In both cases, the rolls 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 or their roll necks or axes, viewed in the axial direction, are effectively radially supported on a width b151 of the bearing 151, which is determined by one or more rows of bearing elements supporting the roll necks or axes against the respective subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3, 128.4.In the case of the rotation-enabling radial bearing 151, this can be one or more circumferentially arranged rows of rolling elements or sliding surfaces. The effective support width b151 results from the distance between the two outer edges of the single row of bearing elements or the two outer rows of bearing elements.

[0143] In a particularly advantageous embodiment - e.g. with regard to the lowest possible deformation - an adjusting device 141; 165 with its two acting ends, which can be varied in distance from one another, acts on two or each of the adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the distance between which can be varied and / or the adjusting force can be varied, in such a way that a same roller 102; 103; 102'; mounted on the two adjacent sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103, R102'; R103', can actuate at least one of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106', in particular within the frame wall width, plane G at least the respective effective support width b151, viewed in the axial direction, of the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 mounted rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' as well as an engagement surface formed in the area of ​​the acting end with the respective sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example the cross section of a pressure and / or tension plate 143; 144 supported on the end of the adjusting device 141; 165 on the respective sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or fastened thereto, in particular even a working cross section, ie the effective piston or

[0144] The cylinder's inner cross-sectional area intersects the cylinder 166 of the drive means 133, formed, for example, by a cylinder-piston system 133. This ensures that the tensile stress acts in the alignment of the support and prevents tilting in the bearing 151 caused by the tensile stress.

[0145] In a preferred embodiment, for all designs of the applicators 101; 10T or double applicators 101; 10T presented both in connection with the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and in another configuration of a single- or multi-part frame 128 - the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; 106' are arranged relative to one another, at least in the operating position, such that their rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' intersect the same connecting line in at least one radial alignment. Such an embodiment should also be suitable for arrangements with one or more rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; slightly inclined relative to one another in the manner described. 106' in the above sense of a "planar arrangement" in which the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; 106' are supported - at least along one of the connecting lines - preferably in a central region of the respective roller lengths.

[0146] For the force-based drive means 133 or actuators 133, the force applied by the drive means 133 is preferably adjustable, in particular controllable or regulatable. In the case of cylinder-piston systems 133 operable with pressurized fluid, e.g., with compressed air or preferably with a pressurized fluid (e.g., pressurized oil), the pressure of the pressurized fluid provided by a pressure source is, in particular, adjustable, in particular controllable or regulatable, at least within a control range required for operation, e.g., via a pressure control valve or a pump that is controllable or regulatable with respect to the pressure to be provided on the output side.

[0147] In the case of the force-based, controlled, or regulated second roller gap 107; 107' and the position-based, controlled, or regulated first roller gap 104; 104', at least the respective first roller 102; 102' or its subframe 131.3; 131.4 is not stationary in the adjustment direction during production, but is movable or freely mounted at least within an adjustment range, e.g., of at least ±5 pm. This makes it possible to advance the first roller 102; 102' in the event that the distance d104; d104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' fluctuates due to possibly slightly fluctuating material densities.

[0148] Fundamentally independent of, but advantageously in conjunction with one of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or configurations of the applicators 101; 10T and / or coating devices 100; 100* and / or machine configurations and / or frames 128, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, at least the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' with their R102; R103, R102'; R103' - generally or in at least one operating situation - are inclined to one another, i.e., are not mounted or cannot be mounted parallel (see, for example, the principle from Fig. 23). However, these preferably run in two parallel planes.

[0149] If such a bearing arrangement is to be implemented generally and without the possibility of variation, the inclined arrangement can already be taken into account in the arrangement of the bearings 151 in a single-part or multi-part frame 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4.

[0150] Preferably, however, the axes of rotation R102; R103, R102'; R103' are inclinable relative to one another, ie inclinable from a parallel position into a position relative to one another or to different angles of inclination α. ​​In this case, for example, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', in particular the second roller 103, 103', is operationally fixed in space during the alignment of its R102; R102', R103; R103', although possibly movable parallel in space without changing the inclination, and the other of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', in particular the first roller 102; 102', with its axis of rotation R102; 102' relative to the alignment of the R102; R102', R103; R103' and / or mounted so as to be tiltable relative to the course of the rotation axis R102; R102', R103; R103' of the other roller 103; 103'; 102; 102', in particular second rollers 103; 103'. The pivoting preferably takes place around an actual or imaginary pivot axis, which, for example,lies in a plane comprising the rotation axes R102; R102', R103; R103' of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or preferably runs perpendicular to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of both the first and the second roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or intersects their rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103'.

[0151] Such inclination can, in principle, be realized directly via a special design of the bearing accommodating the inclinable roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' in the frame 128. For example, a bearing 151, e.g., a bearing 151 comprising an eccentric, can be provided on at least one, preferably both, side, by which a radial position of the respective rotational axis R102; R103, R102'; R103' can be varied in the bearing 151. Alternatively, a radially movable bearing can be provided on one or preferably both sides of the frame 128, the movement of which allows the respective bearing position to be radially varied.

[0152] Preferably, the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' of a same application unit 101; 10T, e.g. on the first and / or second application unit 101; 10T, corresponding, for example, to an embodiment of the multi-part frame 128 described above or below, are mounted in or on mutually different sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, wherein one of the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably the sub-frame 128.3; 128.4, as a whole, ie including the associated frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, one or more cross members 136; 137 and the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' mounted therein, can be pivoted about a pivot axis S running perpendicular to its rotational axis R102; R103, R102'; R103' and intersecting this at least over the maximum effective width of the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' (see, for example, Fig. 18 to Fig. 20 and Fig. 22 to Fig. 25).

[0153] The pivotable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is in an advantageous embodiment mounted on at least two bearing points 153 which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction around the pivot axis S, wherein they lie at a radius Rs on a circular arc K which runs around the pivot axis S and / or determines the position of the pivot axis S (see, for example, Fig. 24). The bearing points 153 are formed, for example, by sliding or preferably rolling elements 153, e.g. rollers, which are arranged in two spaced-apart bearing blocks 147. The rollers are rotatable about an axis parallel to the pivot axis S. The radius Rs of the circular arc K is, for example, greater than half, in particular than the entire maximum usable width of the section connected to the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 pivoted roller 102; 103; 102'; 103'. This allows a large adjustment range for even the smallest changes in inclination.

[0154] The bearing blocks 147 are mounted, for example, on guides 138 running perpendicular to the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' of the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' carried by the pivotable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and can be displaced on these guides together with the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 mounted thereon in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103, R102'; R103'.

[0155] In a preferred embodiment, the bearing points 153 for supporting the pivotable sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 cooperate with bearing surfaces 154 facing the bearing points 153, which are arranged in a lower region of the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular in the region of the lower end of the two relevant frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4 and / or - at least within an adjustment range for the pivoting movement in the circumferential direction of the circular arc K - have a surface supported on at least one bearing point 153 with a circular arc-shaped curved profile, at least within an adjustment range. The radius of curvature preferably corresponds to the above-mentioned radius Rs.

[0156] In principle, pivoting can be effected manually, but a drive means, particularly one that can be operated remotely, is preferred, by means of which the respective sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be pivoted.

[0157] The pivoting or inclination angle a, for example, involves angles between 0.1° and 2.0°, in particular between 0.5° and 1.5°, preferably 1.0°. The adjustment range for the pivoting can then be, for example, a range from 0° to at least 1°, advantageously from 0° to at least 1.5°, or even from 0° to 2.0°, or possibly more.

[0158] The information set out above regarding the partial frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 which can be pivoted about the pivot axis S is to be transferred to all of the embodiments set out regarding the split frame 128; 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4 with the proviso that the partial frame 128.1; 128.3 of the first or second roller 102; 103, in particular the first roller 102 of a simple application unit 101, i.e. one intended for single-sided application, or the partial frame 128.1; 128.3; 128.2; 128.4 of the first or second roller 102; 103, in particular the first roller 102 of both application units 101; 10T of a double application unit 101; 10T is pivotable in the above-mentioned manner and is advantageously designed with the above-mentioned means.

[0159] Regardless of the pivoting of the roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' together with or without the sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the pivot axis S preferably lies in a plane comprising the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or runs perpendicular at least to the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable roller 102; 103; 102'; 103', advantageously to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of both the first and the second roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or intersects at least the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable roller 102; 103; 102'; 103', advantageously the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of both the first and the second roller 102; 103; 102'; 103'.Advantageously, the pivot axis S of the pivotable roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' intersects the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable roller 102; 103; 102'; 103', advantageously the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' of both the first and the second roller 102; 103; 102'; 103', preferably in the central region, ie for example at most 15% of the usable length from the center, or in particular at the level of the center of the maximum usable roller width. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the pivoting movement of the rotation axis R102; R103, R102'; R103' takes place in a plane perpendicular to the swivel axis S, without the plane moving toward the swivel axis during swiveling and / or without the swivel axis changing its position in space. This allows for independent swiveling for both turning and unturning, and vice versa.

[0160] In an alternative embodiment of an actuator 109; 109' to the above embodiment, by means of which the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' or roller gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' to be adjusted, in particular of the relevant or respective first roller 102; 102', and / or the gap width b104; b104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be adjusted in a position-based manner, e.g. operated or operable in a position-controlled or position-regulated manner, the actuator 109; 109' which adjusts the first and second rollers 102; 103 relative to one another or their adjusting means comprises one or more drive means 132 which are operated or operable in a position-controlled or position-regulated manner, which drive means 132 can be adjusted, e.g. B. can assume a defined and / or predeterminable position itself or through appropriate control or regulation.

[0161] In a particularly advantageous embodiment shown here, the position-controlled or regulated drive means 132 of the travel- or position-based adjustable actuator 109 is controlled or operable by a drive means which is in the position of its output means, e.g. B. a rotor or in particular piston 167, controlled and / or regulated or controllable and / or regulatable via a control or regulating variable and actuated by pressurized fluid, in particular hydraulically, a drive means 132, in particular a hydraulically actuated drive means of the cylinder-piston system 132, which is controlled and / or regulated or controllable and / or regulatable with respect to the position of the piston 167, in short the piston position, with regard to a control or regulating variable formed by the gap width b104 or by a variable correlating with and / or representing the gap width b104, is formed as an actuator (see e.g. Fig. 25 and Fig. 26).In principle, this is independent of whether an external variable such as a target gap width b104 is used as the target or reference variable for positioning the piston 167. SOii or another variable correlated with and / or representing this, such as the piston position itself, is used - the piston 167 of the cylinder-piston system 132, viewed in the actuating direction, can be varied in a defined manner with regard to its position via the setpoint or reference variable, and in particular can be maintained in the position assumed by the variation - e.g. within the working range, independently of a force acting on the piston in its direction of movement that varies during the process - until, for example, a new variation is deliberately initiated on the input side by a new setpoint value specification. The piston 167 can, but does not have to, be controllable or adjustable with regard to its absolute position, but must at least be able to be positioned in a defined manner by an associated control and / or regulating device 156 and held in this position by appropriate activation or regulation.The cylinder-piston system 132 is in particular double-acting, ie the piston 167 can be pressurized with pressure fluid from both sides.

[0162] A quantity correlated with and / or representing the gap width b104 can in principle be any measured quantity that describes the size of the adjusting movement, a bearing change of a measuring point or a distance that changes during adjustment, such as the piston position, a distance between roller-fixed measuring points or a moving point in the drive train.

[0163] In particular, the actuator 109 for the path- or position-based adjustment of the gap 104 comprises, as an actuator, i.e., as a drive means 132, a hydraulic cylinder-piston system 132, which is operable or operated, in particular controlled or regulated, via an actuator formed by an actuating means 164; 164* with respect to a target or reference variable formed by the gap width b104 or a variable correlated therewith and / or representing it.

[0164] In this case, the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132, which is controlled and / or regulated with respect to the piston position with regard to the target or reference variable, can in principle be set to a predetermined or predeterminable gap width b104 or a variable representing the gap width b104 as part of a control chain Sb to a target gap width b104 SOii be controlled or controllable or as part of a control loop Rb with regard to a predetermined or predeterminable gap width b104 or a variable representing the gap width b104 to a desired gap width b104 SO ii be regulated or controllable (see e.g. Fig. 26 to Fig. 29).

[0165] Preferably, the actuating means 164; 164* as an actuator, together with the cylinder-piston system 132 as an actuator, with a sensor system 157 for detecting the gap width b104 or a variable correlated with and / or representing the gap width b104, with the actuating means 164; 164*, and with control means 171, e.g., a controller 171 for short, are components of a control loop Rb, by which the gap width b104 can be controlled as a reference variable to achieve and maintain a target width b104. The drive comprising the cylinder-piston system 132, the actuating means 164; 164*, and the controller 171, in its entirety, forms, for example, a hydraulic drive, in particular a servo-hydraulic actuator or drive, which is controlled or controllable—here, in particular, with respect to a position or location. The term “control means 171” or “controller 171” refers here to the controller circuit or logic itself as well as any supply and amplifier stages etc. that may be required for this purpose.The actuating means 164; 164*, together with the control means 171 acting thereon, can be summarized as one of the control devices 156, and can be shown as such, for example, in a partially simplified form, in the figures.

[0166] In the case of control, a defined piston position specified to the drive means 132, for example via control means of a control chain Sb, or a defined variation of the assumed piston position can be made possible, for example, by providing an integrated position sensor in the cylinder-piston system 132 itself, by means of which the specification supplied via the control chain Sb can be implemented.

[0167] In the case of a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132 which is controlled or regulated with respect to the piston position in relation to another, e.g. external, variable, e.g. the gap width b104, a layer thickness d003 or a basis weight FG, this is integrated into a corresponding control chain Sb; SF; Sd; S"d or into a corresponding control circuit Rt>; F; Rd; R"d with a corresponding external sensor or an external measuring system. The specified target gap width b104, for example, is then determined via the control chain Sb; SF; Sd; S"d or control circuit Rb; RF; Rd; R"d relating to the external variable. SO ii or piston position varies accordingly.

[0168] The position-controlled or position-controlled drive means 132 is - regardless of whether the target gap width b104 is used as the target or reference variable for the positioning of the piston 167 SOii or a variable correlated therewith and / or representing the same is used - preferably formed by the above-mentioned hydraulically actuated or actuable cylinder-piston system 132 with at least one cylinder 166, in which a piston 167 movable in the cylinder 166 fluidically separates at least two chambers 168; 169 from each other. The piston 167 acts on a piston rod 142 which extends from the end face of the cylinder 166 via a suitable seal and which can be formed in one piece or extended in a tensile and compressive manner by one or more tension and / or compression rods.

[0169] In the preferred embodiment of a hydraulically actuated drive means 132, in particular a cylinder-piston system 132, which is controlled and / or regulated with respect to a piston position with regard to an above-mentioned desired or reference variable, the gap width b104 in the form of a desired gap width b104 is - regardless of whether the gap width b104 is used as a desired or reference variable for the positioning of the piston 167. SOii or a variable representing this and / or correlating with this and / or representing this is used - the chambers 168; 169 separated from one another by the piston 169 can be supplied with more or less pressurised fluid, in particular in a metered manner and / or to a defined extent, by an actuating means 164; 164* via a pressure medium line 158; 159 each, so that the piston position or length can be displaced in a defined manner in the cylinder 166 depending on the inflow and outflow in the chambers 168; 169, and with this the piston rod 142 protruding from the cylinder 166 or its - possibly extended - effective end, wherein, for example, the cylinder 166 is directly or indirectly connected to one of the rollers 102; 103 forming the first gap 104, e.g. B. on the first roller 102, and the piston rod 142 - possibly via an extension - acts directly or indirectly on the other roller 103; 102 of the adjacent roller pair 102, 103, e.g. on the second roller 103, or vice versa.It depends on the effective length or

[0170] Effective length change of the drive means 132, in particular of the cylinder-piston system 132, due to a change in position of the piston 167 in the cylinder 166 and thus to the distance change between the points of action of the drive means 132 or the adjusting device 141 comprising it on the two rollers 102; 103 or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0171] If required, i.e. in the event of a required adjustment, the respective chamber 168; 169 can be optionally pressurized with additional pressure fluid via the actuating means 164; 164*, whereby pressure fluid is withdrawn from the other chamber 169; 168 in accordance with the volume to be released or is discharged by displacement.

[0172] The actuating means 164 acting as an actuator can, in an advantageous first embodiment (see, for example, Fig. 26 and Fig. 27), be designed as an adjustable or switchable valve 164, in particular a multi-way valve 164, for example a directional control valve 164 for short, by means of which, depending on the selected switching state s0; s1; s2; s3, in a first switching state s1, for example a holding state s1, none of the chambers 168; 169 or in a second switching state s2, for example a first through-flow state s2, one or in a third switching state s3, for example a second through-flow state s3, the other chamber 168; 169 is or can be supplied with additional pressure fluid from a connected pressure fluid source P, while preferably at the same time the other chamber 169; 168 is or can be relieved accordingly by discharging it into a reservoir R.From the reservoir R - which is, for example, at ambient pressure level or at least at a pressure level lower than the working pressure level in the cylinder 166 - the pressure fluid source P, e.g. a pressure medium container, can preferably be fed again with the pressure fluid, i.e. the hydraulic working fluid under excess pressure, e.g. a hydraulic oil, via a corresponding pump or compressor. The first or holding switching state s1, which relates to maintaining the achieved state, should also include an embodiment in which a self-flow, in particular a slight and / or optionally adjustable flow is made possible in both chambers 168; 169 in order to compensate for any losses caused by leaks and thus to maintain the assumed piston position and / or the existing pressure despite leaks. In this respect, both chambers 168; 169 are not available at all in the holding switching state s1 or may beto the same, particularly small or throttled extent, fluidically connected to the pressure fluid source P. Since the holding state s1 aims to maintain equilibrium between the two chambers 168; 198 in such a way that the piston 167 moves neither to one side nor to the other, this can also be referred to here as an equilibrium state. In particular, in the holding state s1, there is no or no significant pressure difference between the chambers 168; 169, so that the piston 167 rests in the assumed position.

[0173] In the second or third switching state s2; s3, a position of the piston 167, and thus the active end connected to the piston 167, can be varied to a defined extent in the cylinder 166 by a targeted and / or metered supply of the pressure fluid into one of the chambers 168; 169 - in particular with simultaneous discharge of the pressure fluid from the other chamber 169; 168. The active ends of the cylinder-piston system 132 - and thus, for example, the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 operatively connected to them - can thus be varied in a defined manner in the adjustment direction.

[0174] In the case preferred here and explained above of an adjusting device 141 acting on or between the two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with the acting ends, the effective length of the cylinder-piston system 132 is shortened when metered into the chamber 169 located on the side of the piston rod 142 and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are moved towards one another via a tensile force, and for example when metered into the chamber 169 facing away from the piston rod 142 the effective length is increased and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are separated from each other by a compressive force.

[0175] For a case not shown here, in which an adjusting device for position- or path-based adjustment is designed and arranged in such a way that the adjustment takes place or can be effected by pressing one roller in the direction of the other roller, in the opposite way, when metering into the chamber 169 located on the side of the piston rod 142, one of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 would be moved away from one another via a tensile force, and for example, when metering into the chamber 169 facing away from the piston rod 142, one would be moved in the direction of the other roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one would be moved in the direction of the other of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0176] As shown, for example, in Fig. 27, the directional control valve 164, e.g. as a 4 / 4-way valve 164, can additionally have a fourth switching state s4, namely a switching state s4 in which both chambers 168; 169 are connected to the reservoir R via the return line and are thus, for example, depressurized. Preferably, the directional control valve 164 is designed such that the fourth switching state s4 simultaneously represents a basic switching state s4, to which the directional control valve 164 returns when the actuator 176 is inactive. In the case of such a fourth switching state s4, only symbolically indicated throttle devices, e.g. so-called pipe throttles, can be provided in the line paths coming from the chambers 168; 169, in particular in the line path leading through the valve 164. This means that when the cylinder-piston system 132 is depressurized, e.g. B. when closing down the operation, a sudden relaxation can be avoided.Independently of this or advantageously in addition to the above, the directional or multi-way valve 164 in an advantageous embodiment is not only switchable in a binary manner to pass or block in at least one of its active switching states, but is designed for at least one, preferably for both of the pass states s2; s3 in the manner of a proportional valve 164, in particular as a proportional directional valve 164, by means of which the fluid flow in the respective switching state s2; s3 can be controlled or regulated with respect to the flow rate and / or with respect to the fluid pressure applied on the output side. In this advantageous embodiment, the directional valve 164 is preferably designed as a proportional directional valve 164, in the case of the above-mentioned fourth switching state s4, for example, as a 4 / 4 proportional directional valve 164, by means of which - in particular via the actuator 176 - in addition to an above-mentionedHolding state S1, a second switching state s2, in particular first passage state s2, which can be varied in terms of its flow rate and / or output pressure, and / or a third switching state S3, in particular second passage state s3, which can be varied in terms of its flow rate and / or output pressure, can be set.

[0177] The directional control valve 164 or its actuator 176 is - regardless of the design as a directional control valve 164 with only binary flow states s2; s3 or as a proportional directional control valve 164 with at least one, preferably two flow states s2; s3 or flow states s2; s3 that can be varied in terms of the degree of opening, e.g. the flow and / or output pressure - adjustable by the actuator 176, which can be formed, for example, by a motor or preferably by a controllable electromagnet 176. The directional control valve 164 is preferably part of a control loop Rb; RF; Rd; R"d is controlled or controllable via a controller 171 or, if necessary, in the case of a path- or position-based adjustment of the respective gap 104, via a relationship between piston position and gap width b104, can be controlled by a correspondingly configured control device and an internal control circuit relating to the piston position. Regardless of the specific design of the above-mentionedValve 164, the cylinder-piston system 132 together with the directional control valve 164 and the controller 171 acting on the directional control valve 164 forms, for example, a so-called servo-hydraulic actuator 132, 164.

[0178] In order to be able to maintain a specific gap width b104 for setting and maintaining it during the pressing of the powder 004; 004 into the film 007, an overpressure of, for example, at least 100 bar, preferably at least 150 bar, in particular at least 200 bar (where 1 bar = 100 kPa) is or is provided by the compressed air source P pressure fluid. This equally applies to the drive means 133 of the first embodiment, which is designed as a cylinder-piston system 133 and operates against a stop means 119. For displacement-based setting, this ensures, for example, that a gap width b104 is maintained constant despite potentially large material flows to be pressed in the film-forming gap 104; for force-based setting, it enables high compaction and / or strong pressing with the carrier substrate 006 in the application gap 107.

[0179] In an alternative embodiment of the actuating means 164* acting as an actuator (see, for example, Fig. 28), this is designed as a pump 164* driven by a motor, in particular a servomotor - in particular reversibly - and controllable and / or regulatable in particular with regard to a defined - in particular volume-related - delivery rate, by means of which the pressurized fluid is pumped into one or the other chamber 168; 169 or out of the respective other chamber 169; 168. Depending on the design of the cylinder-piston system 132, additional elements such as, for example, expansion tanks and / or valves can be provided in the fluid circuit. The cylinder-piston system 132, together with the servomotor-driven pump 164* and possibly further components, for example the controller 171 acting on the pump 164*, e.g. B. a so-called servo-hydraulic actuator 132, 164*.

[0180] In the case of a hydraulically operated drive means 132 controlled with respect to the gap width b104, the actuating means 164 is connected, for example, on the input side directly to a corresponding drive means 132 which determines the desired gap width b104. SO ii representing the control command.

[0181] For all designs with a cylinder-piston system 132; 133 that can be pressurized with pressure medium, an emergency shutdown is advantageously provided, in particular because of the high pressures maintained and the protection against excessively high setting forces, with a pressure sensor 177, which is provided in the line path that supplies the cylinder-piston system 132; 133 with pressurized fluid when one or the first roller is set against the adjacent other or second roller 103; 103'; 102; 102', and with a switching logic implemented in the control means and in signal connection with the pressure sensor 177, which, as a result of a pressure rising above a threshold value in the line path that supplies the cylinder-piston system 132; 133 with pressure medium when one roller is set against the adjacent other roller, for example when using an above-mentionedDirectional valve 164 to the pressureless switching state s4, or a switchover to an operating mode that causes a shutdown, for example, when the aforementioned directional valve 164 is used in the switching state s2 that causes a shutdown. The pressure sensor 177 can be provided in the line connection 159 or—as shown—in the valve's internal output-side line path. The switching logic can be integrated, e.g., as a circuit or as a software routine, into the control means 171 that controls the directional valve 164.

[0182] In the preferred embodiment of a hydraulically actuated drive means 132 controlled with respect to the gap width b104, the actuating means 164 or the actuator 176 serving to adjust the actuating means 164 - regardless of its design as a directional control valve 164 or pump 164 - is supplied on the input side with an actuating command from a controller 171, which compares a gap width b104 determined by the sensor system 157 with a desired or predetermined gap width b104 SO ii, e.g. B. Target gap width b104 SO ii and, depending on the deviation, sends a corresponding command to increase or decrease the gap width b104 SO ii to the actuating means 164 or its actuator. For the gap widths to be compared b104; b104 SO ii here and in the following, the respective gap width b104; b104 SO ii representative quantities must be included.

[0183] The controller 171 receives the determined gap width b104 directly or indirectly from the sensor system 157 providing the gap width b104 or a measure of the gap width 104, if necessary via evaluation means 161 specifically configured for the sensor system 157 used. The sensor system 157 used and preferred here comprises two sensors 157.1; 157.2, e.g. capacitively operating sensors 157.1; 157.2, which are directed on a line of the shortest distance between the two rollers 102; 103, each onto the cylindrical roller surface of one of the two rollers 102; 103 or onto a cylindrical measuring surface, e.g. a so-called measuring collar, which rotates rotationally symmetrically with the respective roller 102, 103 about its rotation axis R102; R103. The sensors 157.1; 157.2 each output a distance or a value representing the distance as a measured value, the sum of which is relative to a reference value determined in a calibration measurement, e.g. with a gap width of zero or a small calibration thickness - e.g.after appropriate evaluation in the evaluation means 161 - provides the actual gap width b104 or the value of the quantity representing it.

[0184] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the above-mentioned hydraulically actuated drive means 132 acts directly or indirectly between the first and second rollers 102, 103 on each frame side, but preferably two or possibly even more such drive means 132 per frame side,

[0185] Of particular advantage is the provision of a linear travel path for the adjustment of the respective movable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106 or, in the aforementioned case of a multi-part frame 128, the respective movable sub-frames 128.1; 128.3; 128.4, and / or - for example, despite the low thickness of the dry film 003; 003' or product strand 002 - a travel path with a possible adjustment range of several mm, e.g., at least 2 mm, in particular or even at least 4 mm. The latter allows for a sufficiently large adjustment range for maintenance purposes or malfunctions.

[0186] Although the travel- or position-based actuator 109 is explained in connection with the first gap 104 preferred for this purpose, in the event that the second gap 107 is also to be set or adjustable in a travel- or position-based manner, the explanation is also to be applied accordingly to this.

[0187] Even if the actuator has been described only using the unpainted reference numerals, it is also to be transferred to a corresponding actuator 109' with painted reference numerals if a second first gap 1034' is present.

[0188] Basically, the design of the respective actuator 109; 109' acting between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' of a pair of rollers with the acting ends in the first embodiment, i.e. with force-based actuator 133 and stop means 119, and in the second embodiment, i.e. with one or more hydraulically actuated drive means 132 controlled and / or regulated with respect to the piston position, is to be applied to an arrangement of the rollers 102, 103; 102; 103' in a one-piece frame 128 and / or to be applied to an engagement with respective bearings or bearing blocks which are adjustably mounted on side walls of a one-piece or multi-piece frame 128 and which support the roller 102 to be adjusted.For example, a roller 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103' to be adjusted can be rotatably received with its roller journals on both sides in a bearing or bearing block mounted on the frame 128, on a frame part or on a subframe so as to be linearly movable along a direction of adjustment.

[0189] Preferably, however, such an arrangement of the actuator 109; 109' is also provided in the second embodiment of the actuator in conjunction with an above-mentioned multi-part frame 128 with several sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, wherein the above applies to the embodiment of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and / or for configuring the single or double application unit and / or for the pivotability of one of the rollers 102, 103, in particular the first roller 102, and / or the engagement in the plane G and / or for forming the force-based actuator 111; 11T for the second roller gap 107 is to be applied accordingly, according to which for setting the second gap 107 between a roller 103'; 107 acting as a counter-pressure roller 103'; 107 and the first roller 102 or a further roller located therebetween, preferably in the manner described above for the first embodiment, a force-based or combined actuator 111 with at least one force-based operable or operated, in particular force-controlled or force-regulated operable or operated drive means 133, e.g. B. one or preferably several cylinder-piston systems 133, and optionally an adjustable stop 119 is provided.

[0190] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one drive means 132 or the adjusting device 165 comprising the drive means 132 also acts with its or its two active sides or active ends on the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or on their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, as explained above for the first embodiment, on the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular likewise in such a way that it serves to adjust the gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' apply a force directed towards each other to these or their sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, ie introduce a tensile force between the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which causes the above-mentionedThe advantage is that the force resulting from position-based adjustment only acts on the relevant first roll gap 104; 104', and not additionally on the second gap 104; 104' - as can happen, for example, when an outer roll 102; 102' is acted upon by a force from the outside. In the solution proposed here, the respective drive means 132 or the adjusting device 165 comprising the drive means 132 each acts with one acting end directly or indirectly on one of the two rolls 102; 103; 102'; 103' or on their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and with the other acting end directly or indirectly on the other of the rolls 102; 103; 102'; 103' or on their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and thus determine the relative position and / or the contact force applied between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'.

[0191] The principle set out above of the adjusting devices 141 acting between the adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in particular pulling devices 141, e.g. in the form of tensioning devices 141, by means of which the rollers 102;

[0192] 103; 102'; 103' for the adjustment or placing on top of each other in the adjustment direction with a force directed towards each other, is - in particular for both the first and the second embodiment of the actuator 141; 165 or drive means 132, 133 - of course to be read or applied to solutions in which the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' to be drawn towards each other are not indirectly in relatively movable sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, but otherwise on a frame 128, base or sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. For example, at least one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' that are to be drawn toward each other can be mounted in or on the respective frame 128, subframe or subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 so that it can move in the direction of travel. The adjustable roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' can advantageously be mounted in a linear bearing so that it can move in the direction of travel.

[0193] Alternatively, the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132, which is controlled and / or regulated with respect to the piston position, can be controlled with respect to a predetermined or predeterminable layer thickness d003 or a variable representing the layer thickness d003 as part of a control chain Sd or—e.g., by integration into a control loop Rd with a sensor system 172 provided in the substrate path for determining the layer thickness d003—can be regulated with respect to a predetermined or predeterminable layer thickness d003 or a variable representing the layer thickness d003 (see, e.g., Fig. 30 and Fig. 31). Such a sensor system 172 for determining the layer thickness d003 can, for example, comprise at least one sensor 172, e.g., operating capacitively or inductively, preferably a combination of inductive and capacitive operation.1 - and / or is provided, for example, for determining the layer thickness d003 of the dry film 003 formed on the second roller or on a roller provided between the second and counter-pressure roller 103; 103'; 106 and / or is directed to a circumferential region of the roller 103 in question between the formation or take-up and the release of the dry film 003. In this case - as shown by way of example in Fig. 30 - the measured layer thickness d003 can be directly input into the control device 156 and the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132 based on a comparison between a target thickness d003. SO ii and the measured layer thickness d003 can be varied via the adjusting means 164 in case of deviation. Or - as shown in Fig. 31 as an example - the measured layer thickness d003 can be initially compared with the target thickness d003 in an external control loop R"d by a controller 174 SOii and in case of deviation - e.g. based on a defined relationship, initially a varied value for the target gap width b104 SO ii, which is assigned to the control circuit Rb described above for controlling the gap width b104 as an inner control circuit Rb for implementing the new target gap width b104 SO ii is added and / or taken as a basis.

[0194] In a further alternative to the control or regulation of the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132, which is controlled and / or regulated with respect to the piston position and is directed towards the gap width b104, the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132, which is controlled and / or regulated with respect to the piston position with respect to the above-mentioned target or reference variable, can be controlled with respect to a predetermined or predeterminable basis weight FG or a variable representing the basis weight FG, for example by integration into a control circuit RFG, with a sensor system 413.1; 413.2 provided in the substrate path for determining the basis weight FG with respect to a predetermined or predeterminable basis weight FG or a variable representing the basis weight FG (see, for example, Fig. 33 and Fig. 34). For the design with or without the underlying inner control circuit Rb for controlling the gap width b104, the above also applies here and is to be applied accordingly.

[0195] Even if in the above and in the associated figures the embodiment with hydraulically actuated drive means 132 is specifically explained and illustrated only for a pair of first and second rollers 102; 103 in conjunction with a roller 103'; 107 acting as a counter-pressure roller 103'; 107, this is of course applicable accordingly to the second pair with a first and second roller 102'; 103' in the case of a double application unit 101; 101'.

[0196] The above-mentioned control chains Sb; Sd; S"d; SF or control circuits Rb; Rd; R"d; RF are to be applied to the first embodiment of the actuator 109; 109' with the proviso that the control chain Sb; Sd; S"d; SF or the control circuit Rb; Rd; R"d; RF in question acts on the actuating means 146, in particular on the servomotor 155 included in the actuating means 146 for actuating the stop means 119, in particular the stop 119, instead of on the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132 which is controlled and / or regulated with respect to the piston position. These variants are identified in Figures 29 to 31 and 33 by the reference numeral 146 for the actuating means 146 given in parentheses.

[0197] In a preferred embodiment, for all designs of the application units 101; 10T or double application units 101; 10T - both those presented in conjunction with the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and those otherwise designed with a single-part or multi-part frame - the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; 106' provided in the application unit or double application unit 101; 10T; 101; 10T are arranged relative to one another, at least in the operating position, in such a way that their axes of rotation R102; R103, R102'; R103'; R106 are in at least one radial alignment along the axes of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106 intersect the same, here in particular horizontally running, connecting line. In the case of one or more inclined rollers 102; 103; 102'; 102, 103'; 106; 106', this connecting line coincides, for example, with the respective pivot axis S. Without an inclined roller 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; 106', the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103'; R106 are advantageously - as e.g.B. as already explained in a variant described above - parallel and even lie in the same, in this case particularly horizontal, plane.

[0198] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or refinements, the actuator 109; 109'; 111; 11T and / or the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' comprised thereby of at least the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107' are preferably designed to form, during operation, a gap width of at least 15 pm, advantageously of at least 30 pm, in particular of at least 50 pm at the narrowest point and / or, in particular at least within the limits defining the maximum adjustment path, a gap extending between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' via a product strand 002; 002' to be formed and / or by at least one adjusting mechanism 112; 112' and / or at least one actuator 109; 109' caused contact pressure or line force, and / or in the second gap 107; 107' at least in the area of ​​its width contributing to film formation and / or film application, a line force of e.g.B. at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably a line force between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, between the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107' and / or to enable a constant maintenance of a desired line force even with fluctuating dry film thickness by - e.g. automatic or controlled - adjustment of at least one of the two rollers 103; 106; 106; 103'. In contrast to control loop-controlled adjustment, automatic adjustment is, for example, adjustment that is carried out by the drive means - preferably force-based adjustable, in particular force-controlled or force-adjustable - or its application of force itself, and without adjustment via an additional control loop. For all of the aboveIn a particularly advantageous further development of the embodiments, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs, an extraction system 123; 123' is provided above the respective application unit 101; 10T or the application units 101; 101', through which any escaping gases or vapors that may arise can be extracted.

[0199] The rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' of the above-mentioned applicators 101; 10T are preferably designed with a width in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, in particular 500 mm to 700 mm, which can be used for film formation and / or application.

[0200] Fundamentally independent of, but particularly advantageous in conjunction with one of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or configurations of the coating device 100; 100* and / or one of the equipment and / or configurations for the machine explained in more detail below, a subsequent procedure for forming the dry film, in particular for a subsequent application to a carrier substrate 006 in, for example, an above-mentioned application unit 101; 101, in particular in conjunction with an above-mentioned multi-part design and / or the design of the actuators 109; 109'; 111; 11T, is of very particular advantage.

[0201] In this case - as already described above - in order to form or produce the dry film 003; 003' from a powdery material 004, for example as described above, with the first roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103; 103', which forms a roller gap 104; 104' between its outer surfaces with the first roller 102; 102', powdery material 004; 004' is fed to the roller gap 104; 104' via the region of the gusset above the roller gap 104; 104' and this is conveyed through the roller gap 104; 104' in order to form a dry film 003; 003' which is to be conveyed further on the outer surface of the second roller 103; 103' as it passes through the roller gap 104; 104'. The first roller 102; 102' is driven or can be driven at a first circumferential speed V(102; 102') in the area of ​​its outer surface, and the second roller 103; 103' is driven or can be driven at a second circumferential speed V103; 103' in the area of ​​its outer surface. A basis weight FG, iea mass related to a unit area of ​​the dry film 003; 003', e.g. in milligrams per square centimeter (mg / cm. 2 ), of the dry film 003; 003' formed by the roll gap 104; 104' is determined by deliberately inducing a variation of a ratio

[0202] V(102;102') : V(103;103') between the peripheral speed V(102;102') of the first roller 102;102' in the area of ​​its lateral surface and the peripheral speed V(103;103') of the second roller 103;103' in the area of ​​its lateral surface is changed, ie for example deliberately set.

[0203] The ratio V(102;102') : V(103;103') is varied, for example, within a range of 1:3 to 1:6, advantageously at least within a range of 1:4 to 1:5. V(102;102') : V(103;103') can be varied here by varying the differential speed and vice versa, so that the above-mentioned variation of the ratio V(102;102') : V(103;103') can equally be regarded as varying the differential speed and vice versa.

[0204] It is particularly advantageous to provide a control circuit, e.g. a so-called closed loop, whereby during operation, depending on a determined measured value for a dimension representing the basis weight FG, the basis weight FG or a dimension representing the basis weight FG is controlled to a setpoint FG S0H or to a value within a permissible range by varying the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') (see e.g. Fig. 32).

[0205] The variation of the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') advantageously occurs at a fixed, yet adjustable gap width b104. This gap width can, for example, be adjustable in a position-based manner and / or to an extent specified above. Preferably, the variation of the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') occurs by varying the peripheral speed V(102; 102') of the first roller 102; 102', while the second roller 103; 103' continues to operate, for example, at the existing, in particular stationary, machine speed.

[0206] A variation in the peripheral speed V(102; 102') of the first roller 102; 102 occurs, for example, by applying a control and / or regulating means 173 that controls and / or regulates the rotary drive, in particular the drive means 148, of the first roller 102, with an actuating signal that causes a variation in the relative speed. In the preferred case of a first roller 102 driven by a single motor, the actuator is a drive controller 173 that controls and / or regulates the drive motor 147, and the reference variable is, for example, a changed value for a gear ratio. In the case of a drive of the first roller 102 that is mechanically coupled via a gear, the control and / or regulating means 173 can be an actuator of a gear stage that can be adjusted with regard to the gear ratio, and the actuating signal can be, for example, an actuating signal for adjusting the gear ratio.

[0207] The variation occurs, for example, along a, in particular linear, decreasing relationship between a differential speed at the lateral surfaces or a variable characterizing the differential speed on the one hand and the basis weight or the measure representing the basis weight on the other. In this case, at least in the applied adjustment range, a particularly negative gradient is advantageous, for example, where a variation in the differential speed by 1% results in a value in the range of, for example, 1.0 to 1.5 mg / cm 2 , especially 1.1 to 1.3 mg / cm 2, underlying change in the basis weight results. The measure for a current basis weight can be carried out by a measurement at a point downstream of the roller gap 104; 104' in the transport path of the dry film 003; 003' on the dry film 003; 003' that has not yet been applied, e.g. on the second roller 103; 103', or on the dry film 003; 003' that has already been applied to a carrier substrate 006, e.g. on the product strand 002. This can be carried out, for example, in conjunction with or based on the above-mentioned measurement method for density, wherein a value for the basis weight is also obtained, or preferably via a B. below-mentioned measuring device 413 or sensors 413.1, 413.2 and preferably ultrasound-based measurement, which, for example, obtains a measure of the basis weight FG by comparison with results from a reference measurement or reference measurements.

[0208] With such a procedure, small fluctuations in the basis weight can be corrected without having to adjust rollers 102, 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106 or subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0209] The procedure is to be applied to the setting or control of a volume-related density by varying the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') of the correspondingly.

[0210] The drive or drive motor 147 of the first roller, together with the control and / or regulating means 173 and the measuring device 413 or the sensors 413.1, 413.2, forms a control circuit R'FG for regulating the ratio between the circumferential speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of a basis weight FG determined, in particular inline (see, for example, Fig. 34).

[0211] In an alternative to the described control of the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of a determined basis weight FG, the layer thickness d003 determined by the above-mentioned sensor system 172 can also be used on the input side instead of the determined basis weight. In this case, the drive or drive motor 147 of the first roller 102, together with the control and / or regulating means 173 and the sensor system 172 for determining the layer thickness d003, forms a control loop R'd for controlling the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of a layer thickness d003 of the formed dry film 003, which is determined in particular inline (see, for example, Fig. 32).

[0212] A machine for producing, in particular in an inline process, a multi-layer product (see e.g. Fig. 3, Fig. 10, Fig. 15, Fig. 16 or Fig. 17), which has on at least one side of a carrier substrate 006 the above-mentioned dry film 003; 003' formed from a powder mixture, preferably comprises a substrate feed 200, through which the carrier material 006 can be fed to the machine on the input side, a first substrate path section 300, via which the carrier substrate 006 is fed to an application stage 100; 100* for applying the dry film 003; 003' on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006 and a second substrate path section 400, via which the carrier material 006 provided with the dry film 003 on at least one side can be fed to a product holder 500, by means of which the product can be combined into product packages, e.g. into rolls or stacks.

[0213] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the application stage 100; 100* is designed in one of the above-mentioned designs, embodiments, configurations, embodiments or variants for the device 100; 100* described above. Instead of the application stage 100 shown as an example in Fig. 3, all designs, embodiments, configurations and embodiments of the first group of exemplary embodiments can be used, and instead of the application stage 100* shown as an example in Fig. 10, Fig. 15 or Fig. 16, all of the second group can be used. In the exemplary embodiments of the machine shown in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16, designs, embodiments, configurations, embodiments or variants of the first group can also be used for the application stage 100, i.e. with separate application devices 101; 101.

[0214] In an advantageous embodiment, the substrate feed 200 is formed by a substrate unwinder 200, in particular a roll changer 200, preferably by a roll changer 200 comprising multiple roll positions and / or qualified for non-stop roll changing. It can advantageously comprise a substrate guide element 202 designed as a motor-driven roller 202, in particular a tension roller 202, and / or a substrate guide element 203 in the form of a dancer roller 203, e.g., spring-loaded on a lever or a guide transversely to the substrate path or deflected by a force.

[0215] At the substrate unwinder 200, the carrier substrate web 006 is unwound and fed to the substrate path leading through the machine at the unwinding location on the input side.

[0216] In the case of a pull roller 202 included in the substrate unwinder and, for example, structurally assigned thereto (see, for example, Fig. 3 or Fig. 10 as an example), this can be included in a pull mechanism 207, in particular an infeed mechanism 207, which, for example, in addition to the pull roller 202, has a drive means that drives the pull roller 202 - in particular independently of other pull rollers - and whose speed can be regulated and / or controlled, in particular a drive motor, e.g. in the form of a servo motor, and / or pressure rollers that can be adjusted to the pull roller 202 to increase the friction. In this case, the roller 202 or the drive means - depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present before and after the roller 202 - can also be operated or operated in a generator-like manner or in a way that inhibits the advance of the carrier substrate web 006, for example in the subsequent and, for example,to build up or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension in a substrate path section 300 extending up to a next clamping or web pulling point or in a part of the substrate path section 300 formed by a subsequent substrate path section.

[0217] For example, a substrate guide element 208; 307 can be designed in the substrate path as a measuring roller 208, e.g. a web tension measuring roller 208; 307 (shown as an example for all embodiments, e.g. in Fig. 16), which is still structurally assigned to the substrate path in the roll unwinder 200 or already to the first substrate path section 300, by means of which, for example, the web tension or at least a variable representing the web tension can be determined in order to use this, for example, to regulate the web tension, e.g. via the conveying speed of individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502.

[0218] The substrate feed 200 designed as a roll changer 200 advantageously comprises a roll drive that is mechanically independent of the rest of the machine and / or driven by a single motor and / or a lifting device to support a roll loading and / or roll unloading process.

[0219] In an advantageous embodiment, a device for lateral web edge control 204 (shown as an example for all embodiments, e.g., in Fig. 15) can be provided in the substrate path section attributable to the substrate feed 200 and / or in the adjoining first substrate path 300. This device, in particular, comprises a sensor system detecting a web edge and an actuator causing a lateral offset of the carrier substrate, e.g., a pair of turning bars pivotable about an axis extending perpendicular to the transport direction Ts. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the web edge control 204 is combined with a bonding device 206, e.g., a bonding table 206.

[0220] Instead or additionally, in an advantageous embodiment, a spreading device, in particular a single- or multi-element web guide element with a convex outer surface, is provided in the substrate path section of the substrate feed 200 and / or in the first substrate path 300.

[0221] In an advantageous development, a single- or multi-part pretreatment station 302, in particular a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, by means of which the carrier substrate 006 is or can be freed from surface contaminants, e.g. dust or cutting residues, and / or electrical charge carriers on one or both sides in a contactless or contacting process.

[0222] In the first substrate path 300, in particular downstream of any cleaning step provided, a measuring station 303, in particular with a sound- or radiation-based measuring device 303, is advantageously provided, by means of which the material thickness of the carrier material 006 can be checked for its thickness and / or homogeneity in the thickness and / or for contamination and, for example, in the event of inadmissible deviations from a target specification, an optical and / or acoustic warning signal and / or an error signal is transmitted to a machine control system and / or a control station.

[0223] For all versions of the machine, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guide element 208; 307 can be designed as a measuring roller 307 (shown as an example for all versions, e.g., in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16) in a substrate path section structurally assigned to the roll unwinder 200 and / or in an adjoining substrate path section of the first substrate path 300, by means of which, for example, the web tension can be determined in order to use this, for example, to regulate the web tension, e.g., via the conveying speed of individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. In this case, only one of the two measuring rollers 208; 307 or, advantageously, both measuring rollers 208; 307 can be provided, wherein in the latter case, e.g.the downstream measuring roller 307 is used to determine and / or control the substrate path section upstream of the web tension in the first or only application point as described below.

[0224] In an advantageous development, a pretreatment station 304, designed as an application station 304, is provided in the first substrate path 300, for example, through which the carrier material 006 can be coated on one or both sides with a binder and / or a primer. In this case, a dryer (not shown), e.g., a hot air or radiation dryer, can preferably be provided directly downstream of the application station 304.

[0225] In a particularly preferred embodiment, considered in principle on its own, but advantageous in conjunction with one or more of the other embodiments of the machine, a thermal pretreatment station 306, in particular a temperature control station 306, e.g., an infrared radiation source 306, is provided in the substrate path immediately upstream of the application stage 100; 100*, i.e., for example, downstream of the last substrate guide element 301; 307 interacting with the carrier substrate web 006, by means of which the carrier material 006 can be heated above ambient temperature, in particular to above 60°C, preferably to at least 80°C. This can, for example, be particularly advantageous for activating a bond-supporting or bond-inducing agent 007; 007' provided or applied to the carrier substrate 006.Fundamentally independent of this, but advantageously in conjunction with such a temperature control station 306, a sensor 311 for determining the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006, e.g., a temperature sensor 311, in particular a contactless and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, can be provided. The sensor 311, e.g., as a temperature sensor 311, can be part of a control circuit for regulating the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006 with the optionally provided temperature control station 306.

[0226] Instead of a pull roller 202 or a pull mechanism 207 assigned to the substrate unwinder 200, or possibly in addition thereto, a pull roller 308 or a pull mechanism 309 can be provided in the substrate path section 300 adjoining the substrate unwinder 200 and / or leading to the point of the first or only dry film application, i.e. to the first or only laminating nip 107; 107'. In the case of only one pull roller 202; 308 or only one pull mechanism 207; 309 in the substrate path between the unwinding from the roll 201 and the entry into the first or only laminating nip 107; 107', such a pull roller 202; 308 orSuch a pulling mechanism 207; 309 can basically be structurally assigned to the substrate unwinder 200, to a substrate path section 300 extending between the substrate unwinder 200, in particular from the unwinder, and the application stage 100; 100*, in particular the first or only application point, or can just as easily be structurally assigned to the application stage 100; 100* on the input side. What is essential here is that such a pulling roller 202; 308 or such a pulling mechanism 207; 309 is arranged upstream of the first application point, i.e., the first or only laminating gap 107; 107', in the substrate path, in order to build up or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension, for example, in the adjoining substrate path section or in a part of the substrate path section formed by a adjoining substrate path section. The traction mechanism has - in accordance with the traction mechanism 207 already described above - e.g.In addition to the pull roller 308, a drive means, e.g. in the form of a servo drive motor, which drives the pull roller 308 - in particular independently of other pull rollers - and whose speed can be regulated and / or controlled, and / or pressure rollers which can be engaged against the pull roller 308 to increase the friction. Depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present upstream and downstream of the roller 308, the roller 308 or the drive means can also be operated or operated in a generator-like manner or to inhibit the advance of the carrier substrate web 006, for example in order to build up or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension in the subsequent substrate path section, which extends, for example, to a next clamping or web pulling point, or in a part of the substrate path section formed by a subsequent substrate path section.In an advantageous embodiment, an above-mentioned calender 600 or an above-mentioned calendering unit 600 with two rollers 601; 602, in particular calendering rollers 601; 602, forming a gap between them, e.g., a calendering gap, is provided in the second substrate path 400, in particular in the substrate path immediately after the application stage 100; 100*. This has the advantage, for example, that if the desired density is not achieved during the dry film application, a final product 001 or merely an intermediate product 002 still to be cut can still be produced with the desired density in the active material layer 003; 003'.

[0227] In an alternative embodiment, already mentioned above but not illustrated here, the advantage of which lies, for example, in the independence of the processes and their optimization and thus in the quality and / or lower susceptibility to failure, a first aforementioned machine is provided - e.g. in a plant or a system with several machines - for coating a carrier substrate 006, in particular an aforementioned carrier substrate web 006, with a dry film 003; 003' formed from a powdered material 004; 004', which preferably comprises a coating device 100; 100* in one of the above-mentioned advantageous embodiments in the substrate path, and a separate, second machine for compacting the dry film 003; 003' by means of at least one calendering unit 600; 600* provided in the substrate path of the second machine. Although these machines can in principle be provided at different locations, they are preferably - e.g.in the same plant building - in a plant or machine arrangement for producing a multi-layer product 001 with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate, in particular for producing an electrode strand 002 or electrode units 001. In this case, a product strand 002, referred to here as a preliminary product, which has not yet been further compressed, is combined, for example, on the output side of the coating machine in the product holder 500 designed in particular as a product winder 500, to form a roll 501 of preliminary product, and this roll 501 is subsequently or at a later point in time fed to the input side of the second machine, in particular to a roll unwinder provided on the input side of this machine.The product strand 002 from the precursor product is unwound there, guided through a calendering unit 600; 600' arranged in the substrate path, and wound on the output side as a fully compacted product strand 001 into a product roll 501 or laid out after a cross-cutting operation possibly provided downstream of the calendering unit 600.

[0228] Regardless of whether the above-mentioned calendering process takes place inline in the same machine in which the dry film 003; 003' is applied to the carrier substrate 006, or whether calendering takes place separately from the application in a second machine, e.g. having a calendering unit 600; 600*, the calendering unit 600; 600* comprises two rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602*, e.g. calender rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602*, of which e.g. at least one, preferably both, is or are heatable, in particular heatable in such a way that its outer surface - e.g. B. at an ambient temperature of 25°C - to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120 and / or between which a pressure with a preferably adjustable line force of at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, in particular at least 1000 N / mm, preferably up to at least 2000 N / mm, orin particular a line force of between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm can be applied. The product strand 002, which is coated on at least one side, can be passed through the calendering gap for the purpose of further densifying the dry film 003; 003' using pressure and / or a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. The calendering rolls 601; 601*; 602; 602* have, for example, a diameter of at least 400 mm, in particular at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm, and / or, for example, a usable width of, for example, at least 400 mm, in particular at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm. To produce the said products 001; 002, a concentricity of each roll 601; 601*; 602; 602* with a maximum deviation of ± 2 m, preferably of ± 1 mm, is particularly advantageous.

[0229] Basically independent of, but advantageous in conjunction with one or more of the other design variants of the machine, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the second substrate path 400 after the application stage 100; 100*, in the case of a possibly provided calendering unit 600 downstream of this, a cooling device 402, e.g. with one or more partially wrapped, temperature-controlled cooling rollers 402.1;

[0230] 402.2, through which a product strand 002 passed through can be cooled, e.g. by at least 20°C, in particular by at least 50°C.

[0231] Basically independent of, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the other embodiments of the machine, in an advantageous further development in the second substrate path 400, an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2, in particular based on an optical and / or acoustic measurement, e.g. with a sensor 403.1 directed to one side and a sensor 403.2 directed to the other side

[0232] 403.2, by means of which the product surface can be checked for defects or imperfections, e.g. for completeness in the area and / or thickness of the applied dry film 003; 003'. The inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2 can in this case - as shown in Fig. 15, for example - be provided in the substrate path downstream of the calendering unit 600 or - as shown in Fig. 16, for example - in the substrate path downstream of the application stage 100; 100' but upstream of the calendering unit 600. In the first case, defects caused by the calendering can be detected, while in the second case, defects caused in the application stage 100; 100' can be detected as early as possible. The inspection device 403 can in this case preferably be in the form of sensors 403.1; 403.2 each side shall include a camera, e.g. a line scan camera, through which the respective surface is recorded oroptically scanned and evaluated for defective or missing areas via a downstream evaluation device. Basically independent of, but also advantageously together with other design variants of the machine, but in particular in conjunction with an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2 provided on the substrate path, a device for marking defects 412 is provided in an advantageous further development, which can be formed, for example, by a printing device, e.g., an inkjet print head, or an insertion device, wherein the latter can, for example, apply or apply a physical marking agent, e.g., a so-called marking flag or marking label, to the carrier substrate web 006.

[0233] For all versions of the machine, in an advantageous embodiment, at least one substrate guide element 409 in the second substrate path 400 can be designed as a measuring roller 409, by means of which, for example, the web tension can be determined in order to use this, for example, to regulate the web tension, e.g. via the relative conveying speed of individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Preferably, at least in the application stage 100; 100*, in particular the location of the last or only application, and a possibly provided calendering unit 600, in particular the location of a possiblyAt least one substrate guide element 409 is designed as a measuring roller 409 in the substrate path section of the second substrate path section 400 arranged upstream of the calendering process taking place, but particularly preferably both in said substrate path section and in the substrate path section arranged downstream of the calendering unit 600 provided in an advantageous embodiment. Instead of this, or in addition to this, a substrate guide element 507 structurally associated with the product winder 500 can be designed as a measuring roller 507 arranged downstream of the calendering unit 600 in the substrate path.

[0234] In order to ensure optimal substrate flow through the application stage 100; 100*, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guide element 401 designed as a motor-driven pull roller 401 is provided in the second substrate path 400, preferably immediately behind the application stage 100; 100*, but upstream of any calendering unit 600 provided. This can be comprised of a pull mechanism 411, which, for example, in addition to the pull roller 401 itself, has a drive means, e.g., in the form of a servo drive motor, that drives the pull roller 401—in particular independently of other pull rollers—and whose speed is adjustable and / or controllable, and / or pressure rollers that can be engaged with the pull roller 401 to increase friction. In this case, the roller 401 or the drive means - depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present before and after the roller 401 - can in principle also be operated in a generator-like manner orbe operable or operated to inhibit the advance of the carrier substrate web 006, but here is motorized to build up and / or maintain a web tension on the upstream substrate path section, ie conveying the carrier substrate web 006 in the transport direction Ts or operated or operable with an advance compared to, for example, the speed at an upstream next pull roller 202; 301 and / or the peripheral speed of the last or only laminating roller 107; 107' or the pair of laminating rollers 107; 107'.

[0235] Alternatively or additionally to this, in a preferred embodiment, a web tension compensation and / or control device 406 (e.g. shown in Fig. 15 as an example for all embodiments) is provided in the second substrate path 400 downstream of the application stage 100, 100*, optionally between the application stage 100; 100* and a calendering unit 600 provided in an advantageous embodiment), with e.g. a dancer roller 407 - e.g. spring-loaded on a lever or a guide transversely to the substrate path or deflected by a force - by means of which, for example, fluctuations in the web tension can be compensated and / or the conveying speed of an upstream or downstream unit 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502 - in particular via the deflection of the dancer roller 407 - is adjustable. A machine shown as an example in Fig. 17, which e.g.without a calendering unit 600 arranged downstream of the application stage 100, 100* in the substrate path, can - with the exception of the calendering unit 600 - optionally be provided with several or all of the devices and / or substrate guide elements 202; 203; 208; 307; 308; 401; 404; 409; 502; 503 shown in FIG. 15 or FIG. 16. For example, in the first substrate path section 300, an above-mentioned dancer roller 203 and / or at least one above-mentioned pull roller 308 and / or at least one above-mentioned web tension measuring roller 307 and / or an above-mentioned tempering station 306 is provided, and in the second substrate path section 400, an above-mentioned web tension measuring roller 409 and / or a cooling device 402, in particular with at least one cooling roller 402.1; 402.2, at least one above-mentioned pulling roller 401 and / or at least one above-mentionedAn inspection device 403 for detecting defects and / or imperfections and / or a measuring station 408 for determining the product strand thickness and / or a device for marking defects 412 and / or at least one dancer roller 503 are provided. Furthermore, a cleaning station 414 for removing loose particles and residues from the surface and / or a measuring device 413 for determining the basis weight FG can be provided in the second substrate path section 400 - this can also be advantageously provided as an example in Fig. 17, for example, and can also be advantageously provided for the other exemplary embodiments - and / or a measuring device 413 for determining the basis weight FG can be provided - this can also be advantageously provided as an example in Fig. 18, for example, and can also be advantageously provided for the other exemplary embodiments.

[0236] The measuring device 413 for determining the basis weight FG is preferably based on an ultrasound-based measuring system 413.1, 413.2 or sensors 413.1, 413.2. Preferably, an ultrasound transmitter 413.1 is provided on the substrate path on a first strand side, by means of which the product strand 002 can be subjected to ultrasonic waves, and a receiver 413.2 is provided on the same or preferably the other side of the substrate path, by means of which reflected ultrasonic waves can be detected in the case of the same side and transmitted ultrasonic waves can be detected in the case of the other side. In both cases, a quantity correlating with and / or representing the basis weight and - with appropriate calibration - a value for the basis weight can be determined via the transmission and / or reflection behavior. In an advantageous embodiment, the sensors 413.1; 413.2 are designed to be arranged across the width, ietransversely to the substrate path, in the width direction over a length which, for example, corresponds to at least half the substrate strand width and, for example, is symmetrical to the substrate path center, to determine a value for the basis weight continuously or at several points. For example, viewed transversely to the transport direction - e.g. over a width which corresponds at least to the length of half the strand width of the product strand 002 - a plurality of individual ultrasonic transmitters 413.1 and / or receivers 413.2 are provided next to one another, or one extended ultrasonic transmitter 413.1 and / or receiver 413.2 - designed with a corresponding width. In an advantageous development, a deflection roller around which the product strand 002 wraps at least slightly is provided in the substrate path before and after the measuring point acted upon by the ultrasonic transmitter 413.1.In order to maintain defined conditions, the distance in the substrate path between the measuring point and the respective deflection roller corresponds, for example, to at most twice the strand width, preferably at most to the strand width.

[0237] The measuring device 413 or the measuring system 413.1; 413.2 comprised by it can, as explained above, supply the measured value determined for the basis weight as part of the above-mentioned control circuit R'FG for controlling the basis weight FG by varying the ratio of the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') or of the above-mentioned control circuit Rpc for controlling the basis weight FG by varying the gap width.

[0238] For all designs and variants of the machine mentioned here, an embodiment is particularly advantageous in which, in the substrate path downstream of the application stage 100; 100* - in the case of a calendering unit 600; 600 provided in the substrate path downstream of a single or last calendering unit 600; 600 - a measuring station 408 for determining the product strand thickness, in particular the total thickness, is provided in the product holder before being combined to form the product bundle 501 (e.g. shown as an example in Fig. 15, Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 for all designs).

[0239] Instead of or in addition to the above-mentioned cooling device 402 in the second substrate path section 400, such a cooling device or a further cooling device 402; 504 can also be provided in the substrate path section associated with the product holder 500 or on its frame. Such a cooling device 504 can be formed, for example, by a substrate guide element 504 designed as a cooling roller 504. Alternatively, such a cooling device 504—associated with the second substrate path section 400 or structurally associated with the product holder 500—can also be formed by one or more successively partially wrapped, temperature-controlled cooling rollers 504.1; 504.2.

[0240] In a further development, a sensor 508 for determining the temperature of the product 002, in particular of the product strand 002, can be arranged in the substrate path downstream of the calendering unit 600, which may be provided, for example downstream of the cooling device 504, which may be provided, but at the latest before the delivery, for example before winding in the product winder 500. The sensor 508, for example as a temperature sensor 508, is in particular designed as a contactless and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, and / or can be part of a control circuit for controlling the temperature with the cooling device 504, which may be provided.

[0241] In an advantageous embodiment, the product holder 500 is designed as a product winder 500, in particular in the form of a roll changer 500.

[0242] Preferably, the product winder 500 is qualified for a non-stop roll change and / or comprises an above-mentioned substrate guide element 502 designed as a motor-driven pull roller 502 and / or a substrate guide element 503 in the form of a dancer roller 503, e.g., spring-loaded on a lever or a guide transversely to the substrate path or deflected by a force.

[0243] In order to ensure optimal substrate travel between the optionally provided calendering unit 600 and the winding on the product winder 500, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guide element 401; 502 designed as a motor-driven pull roller 401; 502 can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or in a substrate path section attributable to the product winder 500. This can be comprised of a pull mechanism 411; 506, which, for example, in addition to the pull roller 401; 502, has a drive means, e.g., in the form of a servo drive motor, that drives the pull roller 401; 502—in particular independently of other pull rollers—and whose speed is adjustable and / or controllable, and / or pressure rollers that can be engaged with the pull roller 401; 502 to increase friction.

[0244] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a machine comprising, for example, a calendering unit 600, which is particularly advantageous for stable and trouble-free inline continuous operation, both in a first substrate path section located between the point of unwinding from the substrate roll 201 in the substrate unwinder 200 up to the entry into the single or first laminating nip 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100*, and in a second substrate path section located between the point of exit of the carrier substrate web, which is then provided at least on one side with the dry film 003; 003', from the single or downstream last laminating nip 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100* and - for the embodiment with calendering unit 600; 600* - the entry into the calendering nip between the two calendering rollers 601; 602 located substrate path section, at least one positively driven pull roller 202; 308; 401; 502 and / or at least one measuring roller 208; 307; 409 is provided for determining a web tension.In an advantageous further development for the embodiment with calendering unit 600; 600*, a positively driven pull roller 502 and / or a measuring roller 409; 507 for determining a web tension is also provided in a third substrate path section located between the location of the exit of the carrier substrate web 006, which is provided at least on one side with the dry film 003; 003', from the calendering nip and the location of winding onto the product roll 501 in the product winder 500.

[0245] Preferably, a web tension control device (not shown here) is provided, which is connected on the input side to the measuring roller 208; 307; 409 provided in the first and the second substrate path sections mentioned above, and on the output side to a drive control of the roller drives of the tension roller 202; 308; 401 provided in the first and the second substrate path sections mentioned above, and which in particular has data processing and / or electronic switching means that are designed to build up and / or maintain a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference for the two substrate path sections by appropriately controlling the drive control of the drive of one or more of the tension rollers 202; 308; 401 in each of the two substrate path sections.In a further development, the web tension control device can additionally be connected on the input side to the measuring roller 409; 507 provided in the third above-mentioned substrate path section and on the output side to a drive control of the respective pull roller 502 provided in the third above-mentioned substrate path section and can, for example, also be controllable by these with respect to a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference with respect to the upstream substrate path section.

[0246] In general, and in particular also for a design of the machine without a calendering unit downstream of the application stage 100; 100*, what has been explained above regarding the draw rollers 202; 308; 401; 502 and measuring rollers 208; 307; 409, the signal connections and the web tension control device is to be transferred or applied to a design with at least one measuring and / or at least one draw roller 208; 307; 202; 308 in the first substrate path section between the unwinding and the point of the first application by the application stage 100; 100* and at least one measuring and / or at least one draw roller 409; 507; 401; 502 in a substrate path section between leaving the only or last point of the dry film application by the application stage 100; 100* and the winding in the roll winder 500.

[0247] By means of an above-mentioned dancer roller 203; 407; 503 and a control circuit comprising the same - and for example integrated into an above-mentioned web tension control device - fluctuations in the web tension can be compensated for or regulated, for example, and / or a conveying speed of an upstream or downstream unit 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, such as the drive of an upstream substrate unwinder 200 or downstream substrate winder 500 or an upstream or downstream pull roller 202; 308; 401; 502, can be regulated, in particular via the deflection of the dancer roller 407. It is - e.g. B. on a guide or on a lever - spring-loaded transversely to the substrate path, in particular against the effective direction of the web tension of the substrate web 006 (or the product strand 002) looping around the roller with a force pneumatically or elastically pretensioned.

[0248] An above-mentioned pull roller 203; 308; 401; 502 comprises, for example, a drive motor, in particular a servo motor, whose speed can be regulated and / or controlled, and / or interacts, for example, with one or more pressure elements, e.g. pressure rollers, to improve the conveying behavior and / or is, depending on the position in the substrate path, operable as a motor, for example to generate or maintain an upstream web tension, or as a generator, i.e. with a braking effect, for example to generate or maintain a downstream web tension, and / or is included in a control circuit, e.g. as an actuator, that regulates the web tension and is, for example, integrated into an above-mentioned web tension control device.As an alternative to the machine design with a product holder 500 configured as a roll winder 500, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, a cross-cutting device can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or at the entrance to the product holder 500, by means of which a product strand 002 produced in the machine can already be cut crosswise into product sections 001. The product holder 500 is designed, for example, as a stack delivery device, in particular as a multiple stack delivery device that delivers several stacks one behind the other.

[0249] In a machine and / or device 100; 100* described above, for example, a web-shaped carrier substrate 006 is continuously and preferably provided on both sides with a dry film 003; 003' having a width smaller than the carrier substrate width, so that an uncoated edge of the carrier substrate remains on both sides.

[0250] List of reference symbols

[0251] 001 product, end product, product section, electrode unit, electrode

[0252] 002 Product, intermediate product, product strand, electrode strand

[0253] 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0254] 003' Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0255] 004 Material, powdery, powder mixture (especially dry)

[0256] 004' Material, powdery, powder mixture (especially dry)

[0257] 005 -

[0258] 006 Carrier substrate, carrier substrate web, current collector substrate, current collector foil, web-shaped

[0259] 007 Bonding agent, primer, binder, adhesive 007' Bonding agent, primer, binder, adhesive 008 Part, material strip, edge strip

[0260] 100 Coating device, coating device, application stage, aggregate, laminating aggregate, laminating unit

[0261] 100* Coating device, coating device, application stage, aggregate, laminating aggregate, laminating unit

[0262] 101 Commissioned work, first

[0263] 10T applicator, second

[0264] 102 Roller, first, dosing roller

[0265] 102' roller, first, metering roller

[0266] 103 Roller, second, laminating roller, counterpressure roller

[0267] 103' Roller, second, laminating roller, counterpressure roller

[0268] 104 gap, first, film forming gap, metering gap, roll gap, nip

[0269] 104' Gap, first, film forming nip, metering nip, roller nip, nip - roller, counter-pressure roller ' Roller, counter-pressure roller Gap, second, application nip, laminating nip ' Gap, second, application nip, laminating nip - Actuator, actuating means, position-based ' Actuator, actuating means, position-based - Actuator, actuating means, force-based ' Actuator, actuating means, force-based Actuating mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing' Actuating mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing Actuating mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing' Actuating mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing Removal device, doctor blade, cleaning doctor blade' Removal device, doctor blade, cleaning doctor blade - Removal device, doctor blade, side edge doctor blade' Removal device, doctor blade, side edge doctor blade Collecting device, collecting pan ' Collecting device, collecting pan Roller, further, calender roller ' Roller, further, calender roller Stop device, wedge stop - Substrate guide element, guide roller, deflection roller Carrier, side parts (Subframe) ' Carrier,Side parts (base frame) Extraction ' Extraction limitation, side plate - Filling and / or supply area Material removal ' Material removal Frame (application stage) .1 Partial frame, first .2 Partial frame, second .3 Partial frame, further or third .4 Partial frame, fourth Removal device, squeegee, cleaning squeegee ' Removal device, squeegee, cleaning squeegee - Frame wall .1 Frame wall .2 Frame wall .3 Frame wall .4 Frame wall Drive means, path- or position-based, motor, position-controllable and / or adjustable' Drive means, path- or position-based, motor, position-controllable and / or adjustable, Drive means, force-based, cylinder-piston system, motor, torque-controllable and / or adjustable ' Drive means, force-based, cylinder-piston system, motor, torque-controllable and / or adjustable Tempering fluid line - Traverse, Base plate traverse, cross member,

[0270] guide section, rail section, guide, rail

[0271] Support base

[0272] Adjusting device, pulling device, tensioning device

[0273] Piston rods

[0274] Pressure and / or tension plate

[0275] Pressure and / or tension plate

[0276] Frame construction, base plate

[0277] Actuating and / or driving means, actuator

[0278] bearing block

[0279] Drive means, rotary, drive motor, speed-adjustable or controllable,

[0280] Servo motor

[0281] Drive means, rotary, drive motor, speed-adjustable or controllable,

[0282] Servo motor

[0283] Bearings, radial bearings

[0284] Bearing point, rolling elements, sliding elements,

[0285] Storage space

[0286] Actuator, electric, hydraulic

[0287] Control and / or regulating device, control device

[0288] Sensor technology (gap width)

[0289] sensor

[0290] sensor

[0291] Pressure medium line

[0292] Pressure medium line

[0293] valve

[0294] Evaluation part, roll neck (102)

[0295] Roll necks (103)

[0296] Actuator, multi-way valve (switchable), pump (reversible)

[0297] Adjusting device, pulling device, tensioning device

[0298] cylinder

[0299] Pistons

[0300] chamber

[0301] chamber

[0302] Controller

[0303] Sensors, measuring device (layer thickness)

[0304] sensor

[0305] Control and / or regulation means, drive controllers

[0306] Controller

[0307] Actuator, electromagnet

[0308] pressure sensor

[0309] Substrate feed, substrate unwinder, roll changer

[0310] roll, substrate roll

[0311] Substrate guide element, roller, pull roller, positively driven

[0312] Substrate guide element, dancer roller

[0313] Web edge control

[0314] Gluing device, gluing table

[0315] traction mechanism, infeed mechanism

[0316] Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0317] Substrate path section, conveyor section, first, upstream, feed side substrate guide element, roller, guide roller, deflection roller

[0318] Pretreatment station, cleaning station, deionization station

[0319] Measuring station (carrier substrate thickness)

[0320] Pretreatment station, application station

[0321] Pretreatment station, thermal, tempering station, infrared radiation source

[0322] Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0323] Substrate guide element, roller, pull roller, positively driven

[0324] traction mechanism

[0325] Sensor, temperature sensor

[0326] Substrate path section, conveyor section, second, downstream, discharge side

[0327] Substrate guide element, roller, pull roller, positively driven

[0328] Cooling device * Cooling device (alternative or additional)

[0329] Inspection facility

[0330] Substrate guide element, roller, guide roller, deflection roller

[0331] Web tension compensation and / or control device

[0332] Dancer roller

[0333] Measuring station (product strand thickness)

[0334] Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0335] traction mechanism

[0336] Defect marking

[0337] Product intake, product winder, roll changer

[0338] Product container, roll, product roll 502 substrate guide element, pull roller, positively driven

[0339] 503 dancer roller

[0340] 504 Cooling device, substrate guide element, roller, cooling roller

[0341] 504.1 Cooling roller

[0342] 504.2 Cooling roller

[0343] 505 -

[0344] 506 traction mechanism

[0345] 507 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0346] 508 Sensor, temperature sensor

[0347] 600 calendering unit, unit, calendering unit

[0348] 600* Calendering unit (alternative or additional), unit, calendering unit

[0349] 601 Roll, calender roll, first, heated

[0350] 601* Roll, calender roll, first (alternatively or additionally)

[0351] 602 Roll, calender roll, second, heated

[0352] 602* Roll, calender roll, second (alternative or additional)

[0353] 603 frame (calendering machine)

[0354] 700 Device for feeding powdered material, powder feeding device

[0355] 700' Device for feeding powdery material, powder feeding device b Width b151 Support width d Thickness, layer thickness b003 Width (003; 003') b006 Width (006) b008 Width (008) d003 Thickness, layer thickness (003) d003' Thickness, layer thickness (003') d006 Thickness (006) d008 Thickness, layer thickness (008)

[0356] G Level

[0357] K circular arc a angle, angle of inclination

[0358] P Pressure fluid source

[0359] R Reservoir

[0360] Rs radius (swivel movement) s1 switching state, holding switching state s2 switching state, passing state s3 switching state, passing state s4 switching state, basic switching state

[0361] R102 rotation axis

[0362] R102' rotation axis

[0363] R103 Rotation axis

[0364] R103' rotation axis

[0365] R106 Rotation axis

[0366] R106' rotation axis

[0367] S swivel axis

[0368] Ts transport direction (product strand 002, carrier substrate 006)

Claims

Claims 1. Device (100; 100*) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a powdery material (004), having at least one first application unit (101; 102) which comprises a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103'), which form a first roller gap (104; 104') serving for film formation in the nip between their lateral surfaces, through which powdery material (004) can be conveyed in order to form a first dry film (003), and having a roller (103'; 106) acting as a counter-pressure roller (103';106), which forms a second roller gap (107) with the second roller (103) or with a further roller which follows the second roller (103) directly or indirectly downstream in the direction of the material flow, wherein a substrate path is provided which leads through the second roller gap (107), on which substrate path a carrier substrate web (106) to be coated can be guided during operation and can be acted upon on a first side by the dry film (106) formed in the first roller gap (104), characterized in that for setting the roller gap (104; 107) between two adjacent rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') which are arranged so as to be movable relative to one another, at least one pulling device (141; 165) with a drive means (132; 133) is provided on each frame side, by means of which pulling device the two rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') can be moved towards each other or tensioned in the direction of adjustment, and can be moved away from each other again or at least released again.; 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting device (141; 165) comprising the drive means (132; 133) engages with its two active ends on the first and the second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') in such a way that, in order to adjust the gap (104; 104') between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103'), it applies an adjusting force directed towards one another.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drive means (132; 133) is designed as a cylinder-piston system (132; 133) which can be acted upon by pressurized fluid.

4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the cylinder-piston system (132; 133) is supplied or can be supplied with pressurized fluid via an actuating means (164; 164*) fluidically connected to the cylinder-piston system (132; 133) from a pressurized fluid source (P) connected to the actuating means (164; 164*) on the input side, which pressurized fluid source provides and / or can provide pressurized fluid with a pressure of at least 100 bar or 10 MPa.

5. Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that means for emergency shutdown are provided, which comprise a pressure sensor (177) which is provided in the first line path supplying the cylinder-piston system (132; 133) with pressurized fluid when one or the first roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') is set against the adjacent other or second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103'), a switching logic implemented in control means and in signal connection with the pressure sensor, which, as a result of a pressure in the first line path rising above a threshold value when one roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') is set against the adjacent other roller (102; 103; 102'; 103'), switches off the pressure medium supply of the cylinder-piston system (132; 133) or switching to an operating mode causing a shutdown.

6. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the first gap (104) between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') can be adjusted by the adjusting device (141; 165) in a position-based manner, ie to a constant and / or defined gap width (b1904).

7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the adjusting device (141; 165) for the position-based setting of the first gap (104; 104') comprises a force-based operated or operable actuator (111; 11 T) with a cylinder-piston system (133) that can be pressurized with pressurized fluid as drive means (133) and an actuating mechanism (112; 112'; 113; 113'), in the actuating path of which a positionable stop (119) can be introduced for position limitation.

8. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the adjusting device (141; 165) for the position-based adjustment of the first gap (104; 104') comprises as drive means (132) a drive means (132) which is controllable with respect to a position of its output-side output means and / or a hydraulic drive (132, 164, 171) which is controlled or controllable with respect to a position or position and which has a cylinder-piston system (132) which can be pressurized with pressurized fluid.

9. Device according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that the adjusting device (141) for adjusting and / or keeping constant the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) has a double-acting hydraulic cylinder-piston system (132) which is controllable or controlled via a directional control valve (164).

10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the directional control valve (164) as an actuator together with the cylinder-piston system (132) as an actuator, with a sensor system (157) for detecting a gap width (b104) or a variable correlating with and / or representing the gap width (b104) and with a controller (171) controlling the actuator on the basis of a result provided by the sensor system (157) are components of a control circuit (Rb), by means of which the gap width (b104) is adjusted to take-up and / or maintain a target gap width (b104 SO ii) or a target value correspondingly correlated therewith and / or representing it is controllable or controlled.

11. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that that the rollers (102; 103; 106) forming the gap (104; 107) between themselves are each mounted on both sides in frame walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) of mutually different sub-frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) and that the adjusting devices (141; 165) each act on the frame walls (131.1; 131.2, 131.3; 131.4) of the two rollers (102; 103; 106) forming the respective gap (104, 107) between themselves.

12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the sub-frame (128.1) carrying the second or further roller (103) of the first application unit (101) is mounted in a spatially or frame-fixed manner and the sub-frames (128.3; 128.2) carrying the first roller (102) and the counter-pressure roller (106) are mounted so as to be adjustable at a distance from the second or further roller (103) which is arranged in a spatially or frame-fixed manner.

13. Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the adjustably mounted sub-frames (128.3; 128.2) are movably mounted on linear guides (112; 112').

14. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that the roller (103') acting as a counter-pressure roller (103') is simultaneously designed as a laminating roller (103') part of a second application unit (10T) located on the other side of the substrate path, which comprises a first roller (102') of the second application unit (10T), which, together with the laminating roller (103') acting as a counter-pressure roller (103') or with a further roller of the second application unit (10T) located therebetween, forms a first roller gap (104; 104') of the second application unit (10T), through which powdery material (004') can be conveyed in order to form a second dry film (003), which in the second nip (107) over the laminating roller (103') of the second application unit (10T) onto the second side of the carrier substrate (106) which is guided during operation via the transport path through the second gap (107) can be applied.

15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that between the two rollers (102'; 103') forming the first gap (104') of the second application unit (101'), at least one actuating device (141; 165) operable and / or designed as a pulling device (141; 165) with a drive means (132; 133) acts indirectly or directly on both sides, by means of which the two rollers (102; 103; 106) involved in the relevant gap (104; 107) can be moved towards one another and / or can be subjected to a force directed towards one another.

16. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the first gap (104') between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') of the second application unit (101') can be adjusted by the adjusting device (141; 165) in a position-based manner, ie to a constant and / or defined gap width (b1904).

17. Device according to claim 16, characterized by the adjusting device (141; 165) according to claim 7 or claim 8.

18. Device according to claim 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that the rollers (102'; 103') forming the first gap (104') of the second application unit (101') between themselves are each mounted on both sides in frame walls (131.1; 131.2, 131.3; 131.4) of two mutually different sub-frames (128.2; 128.4) and that the adjusting devices (141; 165) each act on the frame walls (131.2; 131.4) of the two rollers (102'; 103') forming the respective gap (104') between themselves.

19. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the sub-frame (128.4) carrying the first roller (102') of the second applicator (10T) is mounted at a distance from the second roller (103') of the second applicator (103') that can be varied.

20. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 or 19, characterized in that a linear travel path is provided for the adjustment in the adjustment direction and / or a bearing mechanism (112; 112'; 113; 113') formed by linear bearings (112; 112'; 113; 113') is provided.

21. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20, characterized in that the second gap (107; 107') between the counter-pressure roller (106; 106'; 103'; 103) and the second or the intermediate further roller (103; 103') of the first application unit (101; 101 ') can be adjusted by the adjusting devices (141; 165) acting between these two rollers (103; 103'; 106) on the basis of a force-based actuator (111; 11 T), ie can be adjusted to a constant and / or defined adjusting or line force.

22. Device according to claim 21, characterized in that the adjusting device (141; 165) for the force-based adjustment of the second gap (107') comprises a cylinder-piston system (133) adjustable in terms of pressure as drive means (133).

23. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or 22, characterized in that the first roller (102; 102') of a same application unit (101; 101') or a sub-frame (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) carrying the first roller (102; 102') is arranged or pivotable relative to the second roller (103; 103') about a pivot axis (S) which is perpendicular to the rotation axis (R102; R103; R102; R103') of the first and / or the second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') and / or intersects the rotation axis (R102; R103; R102; R103') of the first roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') and / or the second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103').

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