Device for generating heat, hydraulic heat generator, in particular for such a device, and method for hydraulically generating heat
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2024755206
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-08-08
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-02
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-08-07
Smart Images
Figure EP2024072295_13022025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Device for generating heat, hydraulic heat generator, in particular for such a device and method for hydraulically generating heat
[0002] The invention relates to a device for generating heat for feeding it into a heating circuit. Furthermore, the invention relates to a hydraulic heat generator, in particular for such a device, and also to a method for hydraulically generating heat.
[0003] Such devices include heat pumps, for example. According to the heat pump principle, heat is extracted from a heat source, such as the ambient air (outside air) or another heat source, such as the ground or groundwater, and fed to an evaporator. The evaporator is part of a fluid circuit in which the heat extracted from the heat source evaporates the liquid in the circuit. This is typically a refrigerant. This gaseous phase is compressed in a compressor, which increases the temperature level of the gaseous fluid. In a second heat exchanger, this gas is liquefied by condensation, thereby releasing heat. This heat exchanger is integrated into a heating circuit, through which the extracted heat is distributed throughout a building. The liquefied refrigerant is then fed back to the evaporator via a throttle.Heat pumps are highly efficient for heating buildings. However, the flow temperature that can be generated with a heat pump for a heating circuit is lower than that of conventional oil- or gas-fired heating systems, which do not operate panel radiators such as underfloor heating. Heating existing properties with heat pumps often requires not only extensive renovation work but also modifications to the existing heating system. In any case, the heat radiating surfaces must be significantly enlarged due to the lower flow temperature. It may be necessary to retrofit underfloor heating. The cost, especially financial, is considerable. WO 2010 / 057491 A2 discloses a device for mechanically heating a fluid.This comprises a container with a circumferentially closed container wall containing the liquid to be heated. Arranged within the container are one or more elements with openings and / or capillaries and / or pores through which the liquid flows and is heated by the resulting friction. For this purpose, one or more elements are set in rotation, so that the liquid is forced through the vane-like elements. While this principle can generate heat, it is not sufficient to effectively use the generated heat for feeding it into a heating circuit.
[0004] US 3,813,036 discloses a heating system. This known heating system comprises a closed oil circuit. A pump pumps oil through a friction heating element, so that the temperature at the outlet of this friction heating element is higher than at the inlet. According to this known heating system, several such heating elements can also be arranged in parallel. One or more heat radiation units are connected downstream of the friction heating element(s) as heat generators. The generated heat is dissipated via these units. The outlet of the heat radiation unit(s) is connected to a collecting tank. The friction heating elements are woven metal wire, which is compressed and arranged in a cylinder block. A disadvantage of this known heating system is that the pump must be operated for the entire heating period.Another disadvantage is that the flow-through cross-sectional area of the heat generator, because it is made of woven wire, changes depending on the applied pressure. The maximum operating pressure is specified as 137 bar. This heating system is a standalone system and cannot be combined with an existing heating system.
[0005] Against the background of the state of the art described above, it would therefore be desirable to have a device, particularly a current-driven device, for generating heat for feeding it into a heating circuit, which can also generate flow temperatures equivalent to those of an otherwise conventional oil or gas heating system, which supplies heat to radiators as heat-emitting elements. Furthermore, there is a desire for an energetically improved hydraulic heat generator, as well as for an improved method for hydraulic heat generation.
[0006] The object of the invention is therefore to propose solutions for this.
[0007] The problem related to the device is solved by a device for generating heat for the purpose of feeding it into a heating circuit with the features of claim 1.
[0008] The object directed to the hydraulic heat generator is achieved according to the invention by a heat generator having the features of claim 21.
[0009] The method-related problem is solved by a method having the features of claim 26.
[0010] Advantages and further developments of these solutions arise from the subclaims and the following description.
[0011] The heat generation device according to the invention comprises a high-pressure pump, preferably driven by an electric motor. This high-pressure pump is connected to a fluid circuit. The fluid flow emerging from the pump outlet pressurizes at least one heat generator connected downstream of the pump. This heat generator is designed like a hydraulic orifice with one or more flow openings. This reduces the flow-through cross-sectional area, thus providing a corresponding counterpressure. The sum of these openings then represents the free flow-through cross-sectional area. The heat generator thus introduces heat into the fluid flow conveyed by the at least one heat generator via the friction generated in the fluid flow conveyed by the at least one heat generator, so that the temperature of the fluid flow conveyed by the high-pressure pump through the heat generator is higher at its outlet than at its inlet.The higher the backpressure through the heat generator's hydraulic orifice, the greater the temperature lift that can be coupled into the fluid flow. A sufficient temperature lift in many cases can be generated at backpressures of more than 120 to 150 bar. High-pressure pumps capable of overcoming a backpressure of 200 bar or more are preferred. The backpressure provided by the heat generator or the hydraulic orifice provided by it will be designed accordingly. Therefore, the term "high-pressure pump" used in this discussion refers to pumps capable of overcoming a backpressure of more than 120 bar, in particular a backpressure of more than 180 bar, for example, 200 to 230 bar.It is possible to design the heat generator so that it contains several such hydraulic orifices connected in series in the direction of flow of the liquid, as well as a configuration in which several individual heat generators are connected in series. These can certainly be heat generators of different types. In order to keep the operational effort to a minimum, however, it is preferred to provide only a single heat generator. According to a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic orifice has only a single flow opening. According to one embodiment, this is designed as a nozzle. A configuration in which the heat generator, in addition to its hydraulic orifice, also comprises an expansion chamber located directly at the outlet of the hydraulic orifice in the direction of flow of the pumped liquid is particularly advantageous.
[0012] Between one or the last heat generator in the direction of flow and the liquid storage tank there is an expansion section in which the pumped liquid expands to prevent it from flowing into the liquid storage tank under excessive pressure. The liquid storage tank is preferably thermally insulated so that the heat introduced into the liquid by the heat generator(s) can be stored there. Such a liquid storage tank could, for example, be the hot water tank (boiler) that is already present in a conventional oil or gas heating system. Connected to this is the heating circuit, which is fed by the liquid heated in the liquid storage tank. The heating circuit can be connected to the liquid storage tank independently of a heat generation circuit pumped by the pump.A circulation pump integrated into this heating circuit ensures the necessary fluid transport to the individual heat dissipation points. A possible configuration is one in which the return of the heating circuit is directly connected to the pump inlet. This also allows the heating circuit to be operated in series with the heat generation system.
[0013] In order to heat the contents of such a liquid reservoir back to the intended flow temperature after a corresponding drop in temperature without having to pump the liquid through the entire heating circuit, it is advantageous to provide a line that bypasses the heating circuit and connects the liquid reservoir directly to the pump inlet. A heat generation circuit is then provided via this heating circuit bypass line. When the pump is operating, the contents of the liquid reservoir can then be circulated and heated to the desired temperature. The liquid reservoir is typically equipped with a temperature sensor to monitor the prevailing liquid temperature. Studies have shown that with such a heat generation device with a heat generator whose hydraulic orifice provides a back pressure of approximately 200 bar, 30 l of water can be heated by 10°C in one minute.In a correspondingly short time, a liquid container of 80 l, which corresponds to the usual size of a conventional boiler, is heated up again to the desired temperature.
[0014] In another exemplary embodiment, the fluid circuit, the fluid of which is hydraulically heated in the manner described above, is a separate heating circuit or heat generation circuit, from which the heat introduced therein is extracted by means of a heat exchanger and transferred to the fluid in a heating circuit or to the fluid in a fluid reservoir. This has the advantage that the fluid conveyed in the heating circuit can be different from the fluid conveyed in a heating circuit and also stored in the fluid reservoir. In this respect, the fluid conveyed in the heating circuit can be selected with regard to its properties, in particular energetic criteria for the introduction of mechanical heat or with regard to its mass if kinetic energy is to be recovered from the heated fluid.
[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic heat generator, in addition to the required hydraulic orifice, also has a pressure relief chamber. The outlet of the hydraulic orifice opens directly into the pressure relief chamber. The pressure relief of the fluid flow conveyed through the hydraulic orifice leads to an increase in the temperature difference that can be coupled into the fluid flow. The reason for this is believed to be the freer vibration of the atoms in the pressure relief chamber and the resulting heat input.
[0016] In a further development of such a heat generation device, it is provided to utilize not only the introduced temperature, but also the kinetic energy coupled into the liquid during heating, or to recuperate part of it. The kinetic energy coupled into the liquid flow for heat generation is not required for heating the liquid in the liquid reservoir. Therefore, various embodiments provide for the utilization of this kinetic energy and the integration of an aggregate into the flow path between the heat generator and the liquid reservoir, which aggregate is driven by the liquid jet (liquid flow) emerging from the heat generator. Such an aggregate can be one that provides no or only minimal counterpressure.According to another embodiment of such a heat generation device, the unit driven by the fluid flow itself generates a significant backpressure. This is typically lower than the backpressure caused by the heat generator(s). In the first case, this can be, for example, a blade turbine arranged in a housing, also in the form of a rotor disk. In the second case, the unit can be designed, for example, as an axial piston pump. Through both measures, the kinetic energy present in the fluid flow on the outlet side with respect to the hydraulic orifice can be utilized to recover energy, thereby improving the energy balance of the heat generation device.
[0017] In another such embodiment, the output of the heat generator is provided for the input of a hydraulic motor, the output of which is connected to the fluid reservoir. The hydraulic motor driven by the high-pressure pump can be used, for example, to support the drive of the high-pressure pump by means of the electric motor. This also improves the energy balance of the heat generation device, since the hydraulic motor supports the torque of the electric motor, thus requiring less electrical energy to operate the heat generation device.
[0018] If such a unit downstream of the heat generator also provides significant backpressure, as is the case with an axial piston pump, for example, this also contributes to an increase in the temperature of the flowing fluid due to the friction acting on the fluid. In this respect, such a design of the heat generation device can also be described as having a first heat generator and a second heat generator downstream of it.
[0019] If a unit generating back pressure is connected downstream of a heat generator, such as an axial piston engine, according to a preferred embodiment, the flow cross-section reduction through the heat generator is kept constant at least as far as possible up to the inlet of the downstream unit, thus no expansion path, at least not a significant one, is provided between the heat generator and the unit generating a further back pressure.
[0020] In a preferred embodiment, in which the outlet of the hydraulic orifice opens directly into a pressure relief chamber, a rotating body driven by the high-pressure liquid jet entering it is arranged in the pressure relief chamber. This rotating body is mounted for rotation. Advantageous in such an embodiment is a particularly compact design of the heat generator comprising the hydraulic orifice and the pressure relief chamber, since energy is recovered simultaneously via the rotating body driven by the liquid jet and a temperature increase that can be coupled into the liquid to improve it. The pressure relief chamber itself has a liquid outlet from which the heated liquid is discharged without pressure and typically fed to a heat exchanger to utilize the heat coupled into the liquid flow.Such a rotating body does not generate any significant counterpressure against the high-pressure liquid jet, so that the impact energy of the high-pressure liquid jet on the drive contours located around the circumference of the rotating body is converted, at least to a very large extent, into a rotational movement. The drive contours of such a rotating body, which according to one embodiment is designed as a rotor disk, are typically sawtooth-shaped, with the flank with the steeper angle of inclination being the one impacted by the high-pressure liquid jet. The recuperative energy yield can be achieved by a concave shape of the flanks of such drive contours directed against the impinging high-pressure liquid jet, since this improves the yield of recoil energy.
[0021] In such a configuration, in which the high-pressure liquid jet emerging from the hydraulic orifice enters directly into a pressure relief chamber, the hydraulic orifice is designed like a nozzle. At a delivery pressure of 200 bar from the high-pressure pump, the high-pressure liquid jet emerges from the nozzle serving as the hydraulic orifice at a speed of approximately 200 m / sec. This high-pressure liquid jet drives the rotating body, which according to a preferred embodiment is designed as a running disk, like a water wheel. This allows considerable speeds to be achieved, which can be as high as 50% of the speed of the high-pressure liquid jet emerging from the nozzle. To increase the usable torque, according to a preferred embodiment, the rotating body, designed for example as a running disk, drives a shaft in a gear reduction.This then rotates at a correspondingly reduced speed, but with a correspondingly higher torque.
[0022] According to a preferred embodiment, this kinetic energy recovered from the fluid flow conveyed by the heat generator is coupled into the heat generation system in order to improve the energy balance. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the kinetic energy recovered by the rotating body of such a heat generator is incorporated into the drive of an electromotive high-pressure pump, which pumps the fluid to be heated through the heat generator.
[0023] According to one embodiment, the shaft driven by the rotating body of the heat generator is connected to the motor shaft of the electric motor driving the high-pressure pump. Accordingly, the electrical energy required for operation after the heat generation circuit has been initially started up is lower. Studies have shown that 3 to 4 kW of electrical power can be recovered in this way from the fluid flow conveyed through the hydraulic orifice (back pressure 200 bar). In the studies conducted, an electric motor with an output of 7.5 kW was used to drive the high-pressure pump. For operation of the heat generator with a generation circuit with a fluid content of approximately 3 liters, it was determined that only 2.4 kW of actual electrical power is required to operate the system.The remaining energy comes from the recovered kinetic energy not required for heat utilization. In addition to the advantage of a very compact design of such a heat generator, another advantage is that the fluid outlet is virtually pressureless, allowing simple heat exchangers, such as plate heat exchangers, to be used for heat utilization.
[0024] When designing such a heat generator, the recuperation rate can be increased at the same backpressure of the hydraulic orifice by increasing the mass of the fluid pumped through the hydraulic orifice. Consistently positive results have been achieved when using heavy water, for example, in the form of a sodium polytungstate solution with a correspondingly higher density, instead of water as the pumped fluid. The mass impacting the drive contours of the rotating body is correspondingly higher, which has a positive effect on the recuperated torque.
[0025] In a further development, it is provided that the heat generator is part of a heat exchanger. In such a configuration, the heat generator is located in a heat exchanger housing, with fluid passage provided between the heat generator and the housing. The housing has a flow and a return connection and is integrated into a heat exchanger circuit. In this way, the heat radiated via the jacket surface of the heat generator can be utilized. This additional heat generation can, as is the case in a preferred embodiment, also be used to heat the liquid in the liquid reservoir. A particularly effective measure for utilizing the heat radiated by the heat generator is to use the heat generator heat exchanger as a heat source for a heat pump.In such a case, a refrigerant is used as the heat exchanger fluid. It flows into the heat generator heat exchanger in liquid form via the return connection, evaporates due to the heat from the heat generator, and exits the flow connection in gaseous form. A compressor connected to the flow line compresses the gaseous refrigerant. A heat exchanger is connected downstream of this compressor, in which the heat supplied by the refrigerant is extracted and fed to the liquid storage tank. This heat exchanger is connected to the liquid storage tank via a corresponding liquid supply and return line.
[0026] If the heat generation circuit is an open circuit in which the fluid from the heating circuit and / or the fluid from the fluid storage tank are integrated, appropriate valves are provided to control or switch the device. The same applies to the heating circuit connected to the fluid storage tank. When a closed heat generation circuit is provided, from which the heat introduced into the fluid being pumped is extracted by means of one or more heat exchangers, such influences on the fluid flow are generally not necessary.
[0027] Preferably, water is used as the liquid in such a heat generation device, particularly if it is to be connected to an existing heating system. This can be easily heated to the desired or required flow temperature using the heat generation device described above. In an existing, particularly conventional, heating system, the water boiler can serve as a liquid storage tank. Water as the liquid for operating the heat generation device is also advantageous because water can absorb fewer shear forces than oil, thus improving the temperature yield. The connection of the preferably electric motor-driven pump and the heat generator(s) to an existing oil or gas heating system is possible without major effort. In this respect, the heat generation device described above is particularly suitable for retrofitting an existing oil or gas heating system.Thus, an existing oil or gas heating system supplemented by a heat generation system can be operated primarily with green energy in a hybrid system. The advantages of such a heat generation system compared to retrofitting or installing heat pumps are the low acquisition costs and, above all, the integration into existing heating systems, thus making it cost-effective.
[0028] The invention is described below using exemplary embodiments. They show:
[0029] Fig. 1 : In the manner of a schematic block diagram, a heat generating device according to the invention,
[0030] Fig. 2: A heat generating device according to a further embodiment of the invention,
[0031] Fig. 3: A heat generating device according to yet another embodiment of the invention,
[0032] Fig. 4: A sectional view through a heat generator, intended to generate heat for feeding it into a heating circuit and
[0033] Fig. 5: A side view of the compact heat generator of the
[0034] Figure 4.
[0035] The heat generating device 1 shown in Figure 1 comprises a high-pressure pump 2. The high-pressure pump 2 is driven by an electric motor 3, which has a power consumption so that it can be connected to the 220 V mains.
[0036] The high-pressure pump 2 has an inlet 4. The liquid to be pumped enters this inlet. The liquid pumped by the pump 2 is pumped out of the pump 2 through an outlet 5. A heat generator 6 is connected to the outlet 5. The heat generator 6 counteracts the liquid flow pumped by the pump 2 with a back pressure. In the illustrated embodiment, this pressure is approximately 200 bar. The high-pressure pump 2 is therefore designed so that the liquid flow pumped by it can overcome this back pressure. This back pressure of the heat generator 6 is provided by a hydraulic orifice plate having a single opening. This significantly reduces the cross-sectional area through which the liquid can flow. This orifice plate induces turbulence and thus friction in the liquid flow pumped through it, which in turn causes an increase in the temperature of the liquid flow pumped by the heat generator.Thus, in the heat generating device 1, a liquid flow is heated by introducing kinetic energy and thus by friction.
[0037] In the illustrated embodiment, an axial piston pump 7 is connected downstream of the heat generator 6, which drives a generator 8. Between the heat generator 6 and the inlet of the axial piston pump 7, the fluid flow conveyed by the heat generator 6 is not expanded, or at least not significantly. The backpressure provided by the axial piston pump 7 is lower than the backpressure provided by the heat generator 6 to the fluid flow conveyed by the pump 2. The kinetic energy (motion energy) introduced into the fluid flow is used in this embodiment to drive the axial piston pump 7 and thus the generator 8. Since the axial piston motor 7 also opposes a backpressure to the incoming fluid flow, the fluid flow also experiences friction in the axial piston motor 7, which contributes to a further increase in its temperature.In this respect, in this embodiment of the heat generating device 1, the axial piston motor 7 can also be referred to as a heat generator.
[0038] The outlet of the axial piston pump 7 is connected to a fluid reservoir 10 via a line 9. In the illustrated embodiment, the line 9 serves as an expansion line for expanding the fluid flow conveyed therein. The fluid reservoir 10 is a boiler, which is also connected, in a manner not shown in detail, to a fossil fuel burner (oil or gas burner). The capacity of the fluid reservoir 10 is, for example, 80 l. In an embodiment not shown in the figures, the outlet of the heat generator 6 is connected directly to the fluid reservoir 10.
[0039] In a further development of the heat generating device 1 shown in the figure, a bypass line is inserted into the fluid path between the heat generator 6 and the fluid reservoir 10, via which bypass line the fluid flow can be introduced directly from the heat generator 6 into the fluid reservoir 10, bypassing the axial piston pump 7.
[0040] The liquid reservoir 10 is directly connected to the inlet 4 of the pump 2 via a bypass line 11. This provides a heat generation circuit through which the liquid contents in the liquid reservoir 10 can be heated by circulation.
[0041] The liquid storage tank 10 is connected to a heating circuit 12, the flow of which is identified in the figure by reference numeral 13 and the return of which is identified in the figure by reference numeral 14. One or more circulation pumps are used to pump the liquid in the heating circuit 12. The heating systems already present in the building (typically radiators) are typically connected to the heating circuit 12 for heat dissipation.
[0042] Figure 2 shows a heat generating device 1.1 that is fundamentally constructed like the heat generating device 1 described in Figure 1. Therefore, the statements regarding the heat generating device 1 apply equally to the heat generating device 1.1. Identical components are identified in the figure with the same reference numerals, supplemented by a ".1". The heat generating device 1.1 differs from the heat generating device 1 in that a hydraulic motor 15 is connected downstream of the heat generator 6.1 before the liquid heated by the heat generator 6.1 is fed to the liquid reservoir 10.1. The hydraulic motor 15 is mounted on the drive shaft of the electric motor 3.1 and thus supports the drive of the high-pressure pump 2.1. This means that the torque provided by the hydraulic motor 15 does not have to be provided by the electric motor 3.1 to drive the high-pressure pump 2.1, which results in a reduced power consumption of the electric motor 3.1 becomes noticeable.
[0043] Figure 3 shows a further heat generating device 1.2. This corresponds to heat generating device 1, which is why the relevant explanations apply equally to heat generating device 1.2. Identical components are identified in the figure by the same reference numerals, supplemented by a ".2". Heat generating device 1.2 is ultimately a further development of heat generating device 1. Likewise, any other heat generating device according to the invention could also be supplemented by the further development explained below. In the further development of heat generating device 1 to form heat generating device 1.2, the heat radiated by heat generator 6.2 via its outer surface is utilized. Heat generator 6.2 is part of a heat exchanger, which is why this unit is also referred to below as heat generator heat exchanger 16. Heat generator 6.2, which, like the other exemplary embodiments, is constructed from three hydraulic orifices connected in series, for example, is located in a heat exchanger housing 17. The heat exchanger housing 17 has a return connection 18 and a flow connection 19. The fluid to be heated in the heat generator heat exchanger 16 is introduced via the return connection 18 into the fluid passage between the housing 17 and the outer surface of the heat generator 6.2 and, when the heat generating device 1.2 is in operation, exits heated from the flow connection 19. The heat generator heat exchanger 16 is connected to a heat exchanger circuit. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 3, the heat exchanger circuit is a heat pump circuit. A compressor 22 is connected to the flow line 20, which supplies a heat exchanger 21.The heat exchanger 21 is in turn connected to the return connection 18 of the heat generator heat exchanger 16 via a return line 23. In the illustrated embodiment, the heat exchanger 21 itself has a condenser. A refrigerant commonly used for this purpose serves as the heat exchange fluid. The heat exchanger 21 is connected to the liquid reservoir 10.2 via the flow line 20 and the return line 23. Thus, the liquid in the liquid reservoir 10.2 is heated not only by the liquid jet heated by the heat generator 6.2, but also by the heat generated by the heat pump. For this reason, the energy balance of the heat generation device 1.2 is particularly favorable.
[0044] Figure 4 shows a heat generator 24. This has a nozzle 25 as a hydraulic orifice. The nozzle 25 is connected on the inlet side to the outlet of an electric motor-driven high-pressure pump. In the illustrated embodiment, a back pressure of 200 bar is provided by the nozzle 25. The nozzle 25 passes through a wall 26 of a housing 27. Outside the housing 27 there is a connection 28 which is connected to the outlet of an electric motor-driven high-pressure pump (not shown in the figures). The housing 27 consists of two housing halves which are connected to one another in a liquid-tight manner by means of screws 29. The outlet 30 of the nozzle 25 opens into an expansion chamber 31. The expansion chamber 31 has a first sub-region in which a rotor disk 32 is arranged as a rotating body and is rotatably mounted in the two housing halves by means of an axis 33.Furthermore, a liquid outlet 34 opens into the expansion chamber 31, through which the liquid introduced into the expansion chamber 31 via the nozzle 25 is discharged without pressure. In the illustrated embodiment, a plate heat exchanger is connected to the liquid outlet 34, with which the heat coupled into the liquid flow conveyed by the heat generator 24 during operation is extracted and used for a useful purpose. In the illustrated embodiment, this is used to heat the liquid located in a liquid reservoir connected to a heating circuit. The heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure pump via a return line. In this embodiment, the heat generator 24 is thus connected to a heat generation circuit.The rotor disk 32 has sawtooth-like drive contours 35 around its circumference, the steeper flanks of which point toward the outlet 30 of the nozzle 25 and thus counter to the direction of rotation. In the illustrated embodiment, in which the rotor disk 32 is shown in a longitudinal section, these sawtooth-like drive contours 35 are designed as concave, crescent-shaped pockets.
[0045] Furthermore, a reduction gear is arranged in the expansion chamber 31, via which a shaft 36 is driven. In the illustrated embodiment, the reduction ratio is 1:4 from the rotor disk 32 to the shaft 36.
[0046] In the heat generator 24, in the expansion chamber 31 downstream of the outlet 30 of the nozzle 25, not only is the heat coupling into the liquid flow conveyed through the nozzle 25 improved, but at the same time the kinetic energy contained in the high-pressure liquid jet is recuperated via the drive of the impeller 32 and utilized via the shaft 36. In the illustrated embodiment, the shaft 36 is connected to the motor shaft of the electric motor driving the high-pressure pump, or the shaft 36 is the motor shaft of the electric motor. In this respect, recuperated energy is directly fed back into the heating system. Therefore, only a significantly reduced electrical power is required to operate the heat generation circuit with the heat generator 24 included therein. The high-pressure pump, to which the heat generator 24 is connected, conveys the liquid through the nozzle 25 at 200 bar.The electric motor used to operate the high-pressure pump operates at 7.5 kW. So much energy is recuperated that the electrical energy actually used to operate the heat generation circuit is only approximately 2.4 kW. The actual electrical consumption is correspondingly low. This also has a positive effect on the operation of the electric motor, as the entire torque required to drive the high-pressure pump does not have to be provided by the electric motor, as this significantly reduces its heating. In the illustrated embodiment, the motor shaft of the electric motor driving the high-pressure pump receives the larger portion of the torque via shaft 36 and thus via the energy recruited from the high-pressure liquid jet emerging from nozzle 25.
[0047] Such a heat generation circuit with a heat generator, as described in Figures 4 and 5, can also be easily connected to an existing heating system.
[0048] The invention has been described using exemplary embodiments.
[0049] Without leaving the scope of protection described by the applicable claims, numerous further embodiments will arise for the person skilled in the art to realize the inventive idea, without these being
[0050] would need to be explained in more detail in the context of these remarks.
[0051] List of reference symbols
[0052] 1 , 1.2 Heat generating device 33 axis
[0053] 2, 2.1 High pressure pump 35 liquid outlet
[0054] 3, 3.1 Electric motor 35 Drive contour
[0055] 4 Inlet 36 Shaft
[0056] 5 Outlet
[0057] 6, 6.1 , 6.2 Heat generator
[0058] 7 axial piston pump
[0059] 8 Generator
[0060] 9 Bypass line , 10.1 , 10.2 Liquid reservoir
[0061] 11 Bypass line
[0062] 12 heating circuits
[0063] 13 Lead-up
[0064] 14 Return
[0065] 15 Hydraulic motor
[0066] 16 heat generator heat exchangers
[0067] 17 housings
[0068] 18 Return connection
[0069] 19 Flow connection
[0070] 20 flow line
[0071] 21 heat exchangers
[0072] 22 compressors
[0073] 23 Return line
[0074] 24 heat generators
[0075] 25 nozzle
[0076] 26 Wall
[0077] 27 housings
[0078] 28 connection
[0079] 29 Screw
[0080] 30 Exit
[0081] 31 relaxation chamber
[0082] 32 Running disc
Claims
Patent claims 1. Device for generating heat for feeding it into a heating circuit (12), comprising - a high-pressure pump (2) connected to a liquid circuit and driven by a motor, in particular an electric motor, with an inlet (4) through which the liquid to be pumped enters the pump (2) and with an outlet (5) from which the pumped liquid emerges, - at least one heat generator (6, 24) connected to the liquid circuit, downstream of the pump (2), causing friction in the liquid flow by reducing the flow cross-section, designed in the manner of a hydraulic orifice with one or more flow openings, wherein the hydraulic orifice has a cross-sectional geometry that cannot be influenced by the delivery pressure of the liquid flow, so that the temperature of the liquid flow conveyed by the at least one heat generator (6, 24) is increased, - a liquid reservoir (10, 10.1, 10.2), the contents of which can be heated by the liquid flow heated in the at least one heat generator, and - a heating circuit (12) connected to the liquid storage tank (10, 10.1, 10.2).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat generator (6, 24) designed in the manner of a hydraulic orifice has a single flow opening.
3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the hydraulic orifice is designed in the manner of a nozzle (25).
4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat generator (6) is constructed from several hydraulic orifices connected in series.
5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the high-pressure liquid jet emerging from the at least one flow opening of the hydraulic orifice of the heat generator (6) drives an aggregate.
6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the unit driven by the high-pressure liquid jet is a hydraulic axial piston motor (7).
7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that a generator (8) is driven by the axial piston motor (7).
8. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the unit driven by the high-pressure liquid jet is a hydraulic motor (15) supporting the drive of the high-pressure pump (2.1).
9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the heat generator (24) comprises a relaxation chamber (31) immediately downstream of the at least one hydraulic orifice.
10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the hydraulic orifice opens into a relaxation chamber (31) with a rotating body (32) located therein, which is driven by the liquid jet emerging from the at least one flow opening, which relaxation chamber (31) has a liquid outlet (34) for carrying away the heated liquid.
11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the rotary body (32) drives a shaft (36) with the interposition of a gear reduction for the use of the kinetic energy obtained by driving the rotary body (32).
12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the drive shaft (36) driven by the rotating body (32) is connected to the motor shaft of the motor drive of the high-pressure pump or the drive shaft driven by the rotating body (32) is the motor shaft of the motor drive.
13. Device according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the drive contours (35) of the rotary body (32) are formed by pockets with a sawtooth-like cross section.
14. Device according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the liquid flow emerging from the expansion chamber (31) is applied to a heat exchanger for transferring entrained heat to the liquid conveyed in the heating circuit or contained in the liquid reservoir and is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure pump via a return line.
15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the heat generator (6.2) is located in a housing (17), wherein a fluid path is provided between the housing and the heat generator (6.2) in order to use heat radiated by the latter in the manner of a heat exchanger, and in that the housing (17) is connected to a heat exchanger circuit.
16. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the heat generator (6.2) is connected to a heat exchanger circuit designed as a heat pump with a refrigerant as heat exchange fluid.
17. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the housing (17) with the heat generator located therein (6.2) has an extension in the vertical direction, wherein the housing outlet from which the refrigerant evaporated by the heat of the heat generator (6.2) emerges is arranged in the upper end region of the housing (17) and the inlet of the liquid refrigerant is arranged in the lower end region of the housing (17).
18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13 or 15 to 17, characterized in that the return (14) of the heating circuit (12) is connected to the inlet (4) of the pump (2).
19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13 or 15 to 18, characterized in that a bypass line (11) connecting the liquid reservoir (10) to the inlet (4) while bypassing the heating circuit (12) is connected to the inlet (4) of the pump (2).
20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the liquid pumped by the high-pressure pump (2) is water or an aqueous solution, in particular a heavy liquid, such as a sodium polytungstate solution.
21. Hydraulic heat generator with a hydraulic orifice having at least one flow opening, in particular for a device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the at least one flow opening of the hydraulic orifice opens into an expansion chamber (31) with a rotating body (32) located therein, which is driven by the liquid jet emerging from the at least one flow opening, which expansion chamber (31) has a liquid outlet (34) for carrying away the heated liquid.
22. Heat generator according to claim 21, characterized in that the hydraulic orifice has a single flow opening and this is designed as a nozzle (25).
23. Heat generator according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the rotating body (32) has blade-like drive contours (35).
24. Heat generator according to one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the rotating body (32) drives a shaft (36) with the interposition of a gear reduction for the use of the kinetic energy obtained by driving the rotating body (32).
25. Heat generator according to claim 24, characterized in that the rotating body is designed as a running disk (32) with drive contours (35) extending over its circumference.
26. A method for hydraulically generating heat in a liquid, in which the liquid to be heated is pumped at high pressure through a hydraulic orifice having at least one flow opening, characterized in that kinetic energy is recovered from the high-pressure liquid jet emerging from the hydraulic orifice.
27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the recovered kinetic energy is fed as drive energy into the drive system for driving a high-pressure pump for conveying the liquid to be heated.
28. Method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the high-pressure liquid jet emerging from the at least one flow opening of the hydraulic orifice expands and at the same time drives a rotating body, such as a rotor disk (32), to recover kinetic energy introduced into the pumped liquid, the rotational movement generated in this way being used as recuperative energy to drive the high-pressure pump for pumping the liquid to be heated.