Connection system for supporting elements

Abstract

A connection system for supporting elements of a ceiling system with a first supporting element and a second supporting element, has at least one mandrel arranged on the first supporting element, and a contour element arranged on the second supporting element and having a contour that corresponds to an outer contour of the mandrel. The contour on one side of the contour element is open such that the contour element can be placed on the mandrel in a transverse direction of the mandrel and the contour comes into contact with the mandrel. The contour element is arranged so that it can be displaced relative to the mandrel in a longitudinal direction of the mandrel. Screw connections are also possible. Transverse forces are transmitted without bending moments with optional normal force transmission.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a connection system for supporting elements of a ceiling system and in particular to an articulated connection for supporting beams. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] In structural engineering, load-bearing elements such as support beams or girders, particularly joists, are used to absorb the load of a ceiling, wall, or other elements and transfer it to other structural components. The use of joists increases the load-bearing capacity and span of a ceiling. In concrete construction, and particularly in precast construction, joists are typically used as single-span girders. A single-span girder is characterized by the fact that the girder rests on only two supports and thereby causes a total of three support reactions: a vertical and a horizontal support reaction at the first support, and a vertical support reaction at the second support. Restraints and restraint moments are avoided. This means that the girder is statically determinate, and the support forces can be calculated relatively easily. The statics of such girders is therefore easy to design.

[0003] In concrete construction, and especially in precast construction, floor slabs are placed on these beams to form the ceiling. The floor slabs are also used as single-span elements. This allows for a large span area, allows for the statics of such a ceiling structure to be calculated with little effort, and simplifies the structural design of the ceiling structure. A disadvantage, however, is that the load-bearing capacity of the beam material used is usually not fully or optimally utilized.

[0004] In reality, therefore, situations arise in which the beams, in particular the downstand beams, rest on walls or columns in addition to the two supports, which are also rigidly supported. Such beams resting on walls or columns are referred to as multi-span beams or continuous beams. The beams run continuously above the wall or column supports. This creates moments at the additional supports as internal forces, also known as through-load moments. Due to the additional support, the otherwise simple calculation of the statics of the floor structure is made more difficult by the use of the beams, in particular the downstand beams. The support of the continuous beam on more than two supports means that the beam is statically indeterminate (or statically overdeterminate).Depending on the load position along the beam, the zero points of moment in the beam can be positioned at a variety of different locations than the support points. This allows for greater utilization of the load-bearing capacity of the beam material and allows the ceiling structure to absorb higher loads. However, the statics of the ceiling structure, such as the support forces, the moments, and the position of the zero points of moment, can only be calculated with greater effort.

[0005] Furthermore, the fact that the beam passes through multiple support points means that the continuous beam becomes very long and therefore often has to be assembled from several sections. Division into sections may also be necessary for assembly or transport. The disadvantage is that such a rigidly assembled beam transmits not only shear and normal forces at the joints, but also bending moments. Depending on the arrangement of the joint, these bending moments lead to high tensile and compressive forces at the joint in the edge areas of the cross-sections. To determine the magnitude of these tensile and compressive forces, a complex calculation of the internal forces of the statically indeterminate support is required.

[0006] To compensate for this disadvantage, a hinged joint, such as a Gerber hinge, can be incorporated into the beam used as a continuous beam. By providing a nearly flexible hinge with shear and normal force transmission at one point on the beam, a zero moment point can be created at this point. This means that no (or only a very small) moment acts in the beam at this point, while the vertical weight loads and moderate normal forces are still transmitted.

[0007] For example, a hinge can be provided at or near the point where the beam rests on the wall or column as an additional support. By creating an additional zero point of moment in the hinge at this point, the static calculation of the beam used as a continuous beam can be simplified.

[0008] Furthermore, based on precise calculations or experience, a planner can provide the hinge connection in an area where a zero point of moment is located.

[0009] This makes it much easier to connect the beams to the Gerber joint than if a bending moment had to be fully transmitted.

[0010] The positive effect that the additional support of the continuous beam allows for a higher utilization of the load-bearing capacity of the material used due to the bending effect is retained when a joint is used.

[0011] However, in a special arrangement of the connecting joint close to the support, the continuous effect can be interrupted by eliminating the moment transfer and thus the resulting shear force at the support can be reduced.

[0012] Such a joint must typically be able to absorb downward transverse forces, as well as tensile and compressive forces along the longitudinal axis of the beam. Furthermore, it should be as rigid as possible to provide sufficient articulation, thus typically allowing slight twisting movements of the beams relative to each other.

[0013] In special cases, such joints can also be designed so that they do not transmit normal forces. This can prevent, for example, the transmission of longitudinal strains in the beams, such as those caused by temperature or shrinkage, and other influences, and thus the resulting significant stresses.

[0014] In the prior art, such joints in steel beams, composite steel beams, or reinforced concrete beams are usually created by connecting two steel beams with a hinged end plate joint. For this purpose, a welded steel end plate is provided at each of the longitudinal ends of two steel beams to be connected, transverse to the longitudinal direction of the steel beams. The two longitudinal ends of the two steel beams are then connected to each other by bolted connections in the area between the top and bottom chords of the steel beams. These bolts extend through the two end plates and connect them with the smallest possible lever arm. However, such a connection has the disadvantage that it requires high processing quality and only allows for small assembly tolerances.Furthermore, the assembly of such a connection must be carried out by trained specialist personnel to ensure that no clamping moments occur when transmitting transverse and normal forces.

[0015] Last but not least, it's difficult to ensure the fire resistance of 30 to 90 minutes or more often required in the construction industry with a hinged end plate joint. Therefore, such a solution often requires additional measures, such as a reactive paint coating.

[0016] Recently, in concrete construction, and especially in precast construction, beams have been used whose design allows for a particularly flat ceiling construction, with little or no protrusion from the ceiling into the room. Such beams are also referred to as flush-ceiling beams. Especially with these beams, it is difficult to implement a joint for use as a continuous beam, as these beams offer only a low structural height for such a joint connection.

[0017] DE 10 2008 033 585 A1 discloses a shear dowel connection for connecting two concrete slabs. In contrast to the function of the joints discussed above, such a sub-dowel connection in the prior art serves to create expansion or movement joints in reinforced concrete structures. These are intended to enable the two concrete slabs to be connected to move toward and away from each other due to thermal expansion. For this purpose, DE 10 2008 033 585 A1 provides corresponding sleeves in which the shear dowel has free space for longitudinal movement. Shear dowel connections serve to absorb and transmit transverse forces in such systems.

[0018] Further types of connecting beams to columns are known from EP 1 405 957 A1, DE 27 32 183 A1, EP 3 887 614 B1 and DE 10 2005 012 862 A1. PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The invention is therefore based on the object of providing an articulated connection system for connecting two load-bearing elements, in particular two beams, which is capable of transmitting transverse forces and preferably tensile and / or compressive forces and in doing so transmits no or only small moments, i.e. is flexible, which offers a high fire resistance duration, which allows high assembly tolerances and which can preferably also be used in a beam arranged flush with the ceiling, which is concealed at the height of the ceiling and does not protrude or only protrudes slightly from the ceiling downwards into the room.

[0020] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a connection system having the features of claim 1. Further preferred embodiments are specified in the subclaims. A method for achieving this object is specified in claim 11, and preferred embodiments of the method are specified in the subclaims.

[0021] The present invention provides a connection system for supporting elements of a ceiling system with a first supporting element and a second supporting element, which connection system has at least one mandrel arranged on the first supporting element, and a contour element arranged on the second supporting element and having a contour that corresponds to at least a portion of an outer contour of the mandrel. The contour is open on one side of the contour element such that the contour element can be placed on the mandrel in a transverse direction of the mandrel and the contour comes into contact with the mandrel. The contour element is arranged such that it can be displaced relative to the mandrel in a longitudinal direction of the mandrel.

[0022] The direction in which the contour is open is called the opening direction. When installed, the opening direction of the contour element's contour points vertically downward.

[0023] The inventive design of the connection system makes it possible to transfer transverse forces acting on the second support element via the contour element and its contour to the mandrel and thus to the first support element. At the same time, the contour of the contour element, which is open on one side, provides sufficient flexibility between the first and second support elements so that no or only a very small moment is transferred from the second support element to the first support element or vice versa via the connection system. This applies in particular to a moment (bending moment) that acts about an axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel and simultaneously perpendicular to the opening direction of the contour. In the assembled state, this moment that is not or only slightly transferred corresponds to a moment that acts about a horizontal transverse axis of the support.Furthermore, the mandrel and the contour element allow the second support element to be placed onto the first support element from above, simplifying assembly, for example, by crane. Overall, the inventive design thus allows for an articulated or flexible connection between two support elements, which can be used to create a statically determined bearing. Furthermore, the inventive design allows for high assembly tolerances and thus results in a technically simple and economical connection.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the connection system further comprises at least one bolt, which is preferably a screw connection, for transmitting tensile forces between the two support elements.

[0025] The bolt, preferably the screw connection, can connect a support, via which the mandrel is firmly connected to the first support element, to the contour element, which is connected to the second support element.

[0026] This design allows tensile forces to be transmitted in the longitudinal direction of the mandrel between the first support element and the second support element. By limiting the lever arm between the tension element and any pressure-transmitting element as much as possible, unwanted moment clamping can be minimized. By using flexible interfaces such as an elastic layer between potential pressure application points, the clamping moment is virtually zero with a small internal lever arm to the tension connection.

[0027] In a further preferred embodiment of the connection system, both the first support element and the second support element are support beams; or the first support element is a support beam and the second support element is a column; or the first support element is a column and the second support element is a support beam.

[0028] If the first support element and the second support element are each a support beam, then the connection system can be used to create a continuous beam comprising at least two support beams, the at least two of which are connected with the connection system according to the invention. One support beam rests on the other support beam at the point where the connection system is provided and loads it. The other support beam is then mounted on two statically determinate bearings. This allows for greater utilization of the load-bearing capacity of the support beam material without complicating the static calculation of the continuous beam due to static uncertainty.

[0029] Furthermore, if the first support element is a support beam and the second support element is a column, or if the first support element is a column and the second support element is a support beam, an articulated connection between a support beam and a column can be realized, which allows for high assembly tolerances and is therefore easy to install. This articulated connection can transmit transverse and normal forces between the support beam and the column without causing a clamping effect. Furthermore, the design according to the invention allows the support beam and the column to be aligned in a defined and centered manner at the articulation point.

[0030] In a further preferred embodiment of the connection system, the supporting beam has two preferably parallel webs and at least one base plate which preferably runs perpendicular to the webs and projects outwardly beyond the webs, each of which is preferably made of steel; and a core of concrete (concrete core), which is preferably provided with reinforcement.

[0031] A stop plate can be provided at one end of the concrete core for the necessary formwork of the concrete core. This creates a space between the stop plate and the contour element.

[0032] This design allows a reinforced concrete beam to be placed within a steel girder, thus creating a very rigid composite girder with a base plate projecting below. This allows ceiling elements to be placed on the parts of the base plate that extend beyond the webs, creating a particularly flat ceiling structure in which the supporting beam protrudes only slightly or not at all from the ceiling into the room. This corresponds to a flush-to-ceiling design of the downstand beam. Furthermore, despite the flat ceiling construction, this design allows for an articulated connection system, allowing for a simple structural design.

[0033] In a further preferred embodiment, mineral wool is arranged on a section of the base plate facing the contour element.

[0034] If the first support element and the second support element are each a support beam, then the mineral wool is arranged on a portion of the base plate of the first support element which extends in the longitudinal direction of the support beam and faces the contour element of the second support element.

[0035] If the first supporting element is a column and the second supporting element is a supporting beam or vice versa, then the mineral wool is arranged on a portion of the base plate which is arranged on the column and faces the contour element of the supporting beam.

[0036] In both cases, the mineral wool serves primarily as fire protection and, due to its insulating effect, increases the fire resistance of the connection system or joint. Furthermore, the mineral wool can serve as formwork if an area between the first load-bearing element and the second load-bearing element, where the contour element rests on the mandrel, is filled with grout concrete. This ensures that when the supporting beam or part of it is poured with concrete, the mineral wool area is not filled with concrete and remains as an expansion joint.

[0037] In a further preferred embodiment of the connection system, the contour element is designed as a sheet metal which is arranged substantially vertically in the installed state and is preferably firmly connected to the second support element.

[0038] This design ensures force transmission from the contour element to the mandrel, and thus from the second support element to the first support element, and vice versa. Furthermore, this design ensures easy assembly of the connection system.

[0039] In a further preferred embodiment, the connection system further comprises a second mandrel arranged on the first support element. The contour element has a second contour that corresponds to at least a portion of an outer contour of the second mandrel.

[0040] This design allows the transverse force transmitted between the second support element and the first support element to be increased, or, when using two mandrels, the mandrels can be made smaller while maintaining the same transverse force than when using a single mandrel. Furthermore, the contact surface between the contour element and the two mandrels can be enlarged, thus reducing the surface pressure.

[0041] In other words, the above embodiment with a second mandrel and a second contour in the contour element is only preferred. The principle of this disclosure can also be implemented with only one mandrel.

[0042] In a further preferred embodiment of the connection system, the mandrel has a round or rectangular cross-section.

[0043] By using a rectangular cross-section, a higher transverse force can be transmitted with the same width and height of the mandrel, i.e. in the same installation space, compared to a round cross-section due to the larger cross-sectional area.

[0044] By using a round cross-section, the contour element centers itself on the mandrel under load and simplifies assembly.

[0045] When using a mandrel with a round cross-section, the contour element preferably has downwardly open, semicircular recesses as the contour. When using a mandrel with a rectangular cross-section, the contour element preferably has downwardly open, rectangular recesses as the contour.

[0046] In a further preferred embodiment of the connection system, the mandrel is connected to the first support element via a first support and / or a second support. The first support and / or the second support are either connected to the mandrel over an entire circumference of the mandrel; or the first support is connected to the mandrel over a first part of a circumference of the mandrel, and / or the second support is connected to the mandrel over a second part of a circumference of the mandrel, which is preferably opposite the first part.

[0047] The support can be designed as a substantially vertically arranged sheet metal. In this case, it is preferred that the support is connected to the mandrel over the entire circumference of the mandrel. The support can also be designed as a contour element open towards one side, preferably as two contour elements open towards opposite sides. In this case, it is preferred that the support is only connected to the mandrel over part of the circumference of the mandrel because of its opening. The support designed as a contour element open towards one side can have an anchor plate which is arranged on a side opposite the opening on the support and runs perpendicular to the direction of extension of the support.

[0048] This design ensures that forces are transmitted from the mandrel to the first support element via the first and / or second support. The support ensures a secure connection between the mandrel and the support element. By designing the support as a substantially vertically arranged sheet, it can be easily connected to the support element, particularly if the support element is a beam and the support is welded to the beam and / or concreted into it. By designing the support as a contour element that is open on one side and preferably also has an anchor plate, it can be easily connected to the first support element, particularly if the first support element is a column and the support is concreted into the column with the anchor plate, or the support is welded to a steel beam located in the column.

[0049] In the above embodiment, bores for receiving a bolt, preferably a screw connection, can also be provided in the first support and / or the second support and the contour element. The bores in the first support and / or the second support can also be provided in a special embodiment as elongated holes that open toward an upward-facing side of the first support and / or the second support.

[0050] This configuration simplifies the assembly of the connection system. When the second support element is placed from above, with the contour of the contour element, onto the at least one mandrel of the first support element, a bolt, preferably a screw connection, can be pre-assembled on the contour element according to this embodiment and inserted from above into the first support and / or the second support through the upwardly opening slot. This saves time when connecting the two support elements, and there is no longer a need to assemble loose individual parts at great heights, where there is otherwise a risk of the loose individual parts becoming lost.

[0051] In a further preferred embodiment of the connecting system, an elastic layer 11 is arranged on a side of the first support or the second support facing the contour element.

[0052] In this embodiment, the elastic layer serves to enable the surface transmission of compressive forces between the first support element and the second support element, while simultaneously allowing slight twisting or bending between the first support element and the second support element through its flexibility. This is particularly the case when the area between the contour element and the side of the first support or the second support facing the contour element is filled with grout concrete.

[0053] Furthermore, the elastic layer can also serve as formwork, specifically preventing the area of the elastic layer from being filled with grout concrete when the area between the first support element and the second support element, where the contour element rests on the mandrel, is filled. This allows space for relative movement between the grout concrete and the support elements to be provided.

[0054] The elastic layer can be made of an elastomer, rubber, or a similar material with suitable elasticity. By choosing a particularly compliant material for the elastic layer, the transmission of longitudinal compressive forces between the first support element and the second support element can be reduced or completely prevented, thus achieving a decoupling of longitudinal compressive forces.

[0055] The invention further provides a method of forming a connection point, preferably in a ceiling-level beam, with a connection system according to the invention, which comprises the following step: placing the contour element of the second support element on the mandrel of the first support element.

[0056] This method according to the invention allows a ceiling structure to be installed particularly quickly and easily. By placing the contour element of the second support element onto the mandrel of the first support element, the second support element can be placed onto the mandrel of the first support element from above, for example, using a crane. Thus, the joint between the first support element and the second support element is essentially already assembled. The need for complex and precise alignment of the first support element and the second support element to each other, as would be required, for example, for an axial mandrel-sleeve joint, is eliminated.

[0057] In a further preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the following step: fastening the first support element to the second support element by means of a bolt, which is preferably a screw connection, at a fastening point for transmitting tensile forces between the first support element and the second support element.

[0058] This further step according to the invention ensures the transmission of tensile forces between the first support element and the second support element in a simpler manner. By dimensioning the bolt, preferably the screw connection, the connection system can be easily designed for the tensile forces to be transmitted.

[0059] In a further preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the following step: inserting at least one bolt pre-assembled in the contour element of the second support element into an elongated hole which is open to one side in a support arranged on the first support element.

[0060] This additional step according to the invention further simplifies the assembly of the connecting system. When the second support element is placed from above onto the at least one pin of the first support element, with the contour of the contour element, the bolt can already be pre-assembled on the contour element and inserted from above through the upwardly opening slot into the support arranged on the first support element. This saves time when connecting the two support elements, and there is no longer any need to assemble loose individual parts at great heights, where there is otherwise a risk of them getting lost.

[0061] In a further preferred embodiment, the method further comprises a step of filling the fastening point with grout concrete.

[0062] By means of this further step according to the invention, the fastening point and the bolt, preferably the screw connection, can be secured against loosening and at the same time protected against corrosion and environmental influences. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1ashows a cross-sectional view of a support element designed as a beam 2 with two parallel webs 2a, a base plate 2b, two mandrels 1 with a rectangular cross-section, a contour element 3c lying thereon and two screw connections 5 each with a bolt, washers and nuts, which are arranged in round drill holes 13 in the contour element 3c. Fig. 1b shows a cross-sectional view of a support element 2 designed as a beam 2 with two parallel webs 2a, a base plate 2b, two mandrels 1 with a round cross-section, a contour element 3c lying thereon and two screw connections 5 each with a bolt, washers and nuts, which are arranged in round drill holes 13 in the contour element 3c. Fig. 1cshows a perspective view of two mandrels 1 with a rectangular cross-section, each of which is connected to a first support 3b and a second support 3a over the entire circumference of the mandrels 1, and two round bores 13 arranged in the first support 3b, with which the first support 3b can be connected to the contour element 3c via a screw connection 5. Fig. 1d shows a perspective view of two mandrels 1 with a round cross-section, each of which is connected to a first support 3b and a second support 3a over the entire circumference of the mandrels 1, and two round bores 13 arranged in the first support 3b, with which the first support 3b can be connected to the contour element 3c via a screw connection 5. Fig. 2shows, in a cross-sectional view, two load-bearing elements cut along their longitudinal axes, designed as beams 2 with two webs 2a, base plate 2b and concrete core 2c, and opposite each other at their longitudinal ends, with a mandrel 1 that is connected to the first load-bearing element via a first support 3b and a second support 3a. The mandrel is anchored in the concrete core of the first load-bearing element 2 with bent reinforcing steel stirrups as retaining reinforcement. Its base plate 2b extends below the connection point of the second load-bearing element. The second load-bearing element 2 rests with the contour element 3c on the mandrel 1, which is connected to the first support 3b of the first load-bearing element 2 via a screw connection 5. Fig. 3ashows a perspective view of two supporting elements designed as beams 2, of which the second beam is connected at its longitudinal end to the transverse end of the first beam by means of the connection system according to the invention. In the connection shown, two round mandrels 1 are connected to the first beam via reinforcements 7 designed as suspension reinforcement, which assume the function of support, and a contour element 3c resting on the mandrels 1 is connected to the second beam. Fig. 3b shows a perspective view of two support elements designed as beams 2 with a similar arrangement as in Figure 3a with the exception that the angle between the longitudinal axes of the beams is not equal to 90°. Fig. 4shows a perspective view of two support elements designed as beams 2 with two webs 2a, a base plate 2b and a concrete core 2c and opposite each other at their longitudinal ends with two mandrels 1, which are connected to a first support 3b and a second support 3a and on which a contour element 3c rests at a distance 9 from the first support 3b, which is connected to the first support 3b via a screw connection 5 for tensile force transmission. Fig. 5a shows in a perspective view a first support element designed as a column 4 with a round cross-section and a steel beam 12 (composite column) arranged therein, to which two mandrels 1 are fastened via a first support 10b with an anchor plate and a second support 10a with an anchor plate, and a second support element designed as a beam 2, to which a contour element 3c is attached, which rests on the mandrels 1 anchored in the column 4 as the first support element. Fig. 5bshows a perspective view of a similar arrangement as in Figure 5a with the exception that the first supporting element is designed as a column 4 with a rectangular cross-section and a steel tube 12 (composite column) arranged therein, the steel skin of which is penetrated by the two mandrels 1 and to which the mandrels can be attached. Fig. 5c shows in a cross-sectional view a first support element cut along its longitudinal axis and designed as a column 4 (composite column), to which a mandrel 1 is connected via a first support 10b with anchor plate and a second support 10a with anchor plate, as well as a second support element cut along its longitudinal axis and designed as a beam 2 with two webs 2a, a base plate 2b and a concrete core 2c, to which a contour element 3c is fastened, which rests on the mandrel 1. Fig. 6ashows in a perspective view a first support element designed as a support 4 with a round cross-section and without a steel beam arranged therein, to which two mandrels 1 are fastened via a first support 10b and a second support 10a, as well as a second support element designed as a beam 2, on which a contour element 3c is arranged, which rests on the mandrels 1. Fig. 6b shows in a perspective view two support elements designed as beams 2 and opposite one another at their longitudinal ends, of which the first beam 2 is connected to two mandrels 1 via a first support 3b and a second support 3a and of which the second beam 2 is connected to a contour element 3c which rests on the mandrels 1, wherein a gap serving as a movement joint is provided between the end faces of the base plates 2b of the two beams 2. Fig. 7ashows in a perspective view the connection system according to the invention between the longitudinal ends of two support elements designed as beams 2, in which the first support 3b of the first support element is connected to the contour element 3c of the second support element via two screw connections 5 for transmitting tensile forces; in which an elastic layer 11 and a gap 9 serving as a tolerance width are arranged between the first support 3b and the contour plate 3c for decoupling compressive forces, and in which fastening points 16 and a space 6 for attaching the screw connections 5 are provided, which are each designed as cavities and can be closed with cast concrete after assembly. Fig. 7b shows a perspective view of a similar arrangement as Fig. 7awith the exception that the holes provided for the screw connection 5 in the first support 3b are designed as elongated holes 14 open towards an upwardly facing side for inserting the screw connection together with the second support element from above. Fig. 8 shows, in a perspective view, two supporting elements designed as beams 2 and opposite one another at their longitudinal ends in an assembled state, in which the first support 3b and the contour element 3c are screwed together at fastening points, between which an elastic layer 11 and a distance 9 serving as a tolerance width are provided. At the ends of the screw connection 5 are fastening points 16 and a space 6, which are designed as cavities and filled with cast concrete. The cast concrete is separated from the base plate 2b by the mineral wool 8 and from the first support 3b at least by the elastic layer 11. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0064] The same reference numerals appearing in different figures or in the description indicate identical, corresponding or functionally similar elements.

[0065] The connection system according to the invention serves to articulately connect two load-bearing elements. As is common in construction engineering, "articulated" means that the connection is designed, on the one hand, to absorb loads from a building structure and, on the other hand, also to allow for slight movements of the building structure. The load-bearing elements to be connected can be, for example, beams 2 for ceiling structures or supports 4 or pillars to which beams 2 are to be attached. The connection system according to the invention can serve both to connect two beams 2 to each other and to connect a beam 2 to a support 4.

[0066] If two beams 2 are connected to each other using the connection system, the beams 2 can be connected to each other at their longitudinal ends, as shown for example in the Figures 2 , 4 , 6b , 7a , 7b and 8 shown, or a longitudinal end of one beam 2 can be connected to a transverse end of the other beam 2, as exemplified in the Figures 3a and 3b shown. The transverse end refers to an end of the beam 2 that is transverse to the direction of extension of the beam 2, so that the connection between the longitudinal end of one beam 2 and the transverse end of the other beam forms a T-shaped connection.

[0067] When a beam 2 is connected to a column 4 using the connection system, the beam 2 is typically connected to the column 4 at its longitudinal end, as shown for example in the Figures 5a , 5b , 5c and 6ashown. However, it is also possible for the beam 2 to be connected to the column 4 at its transverse end.

[0068] The connection system according to the invention comprises at least one mandrel 1 and at least one contour element 3c. The mandrel 1 is connected to a first support element, which can be a beam 2 or a support 4. An exemplary embodiment is shown in Figures 1a and 1b shown. These figures each show two mandrels 1 with a round or a square cross-section.

[0069] A round cross-section of the mandrel 1 simplifies the placement of the contour element 3c onto the mandrel 1 from above, as the mandrel 1 is less likely to tilt on the contour element 3c than with a mandrel 1 with a rectangular cross-section. The round cross-section ensures automatic load centering during placement. With a rectangular cross-section of the mandrel 1, more transverse force can be transmitted in the same installation space—i.e., with the same height and width of the mandrel—due to the larger cross-sectional area compared to a mandrel with a round cross-section. In other words, a mandrel with a rectangular cross-section can be designed to be more solid within the same installation space.

[0070] The contour element 3c rests on the mandrels 1. The contour element 3c has a contour that corresponds to a portion of an outer circumference of the mandrel 1. The contour is open towards one side of the contour element 3c. The direction in which the contour is open is referred to as the opening direction. In the installed state, the opening direction of the contour of the contour element 3c points vertically downwards. Thus, the contour element 3c with this open contour can be placed onto the mandrel 1 from a transverse direction QD of the mandrel 1, preferably from above. The contour of the contour element 3c then rests against the outer circumference of the mandrel 1. In this state, the contour element 3c can be displaced in the longitudinal direction LD of the mandrel 1 relative to the latter. The contour element 3c is, as shown in Fig. 1a and 1bshown, preferably designed as a sheet metal that is arranged essentially vertically in the installed state. The contour element 3c can be firmly connected to the second support element.

[0071] As in Fig. 1a and 1b As can be seen, it is preferred that the connecting system comprises two mandrels 1 arranged side by side, as viewed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the mandrels. In this case, the contour element 3c has two contours.

[0072] Such a preferred embodiment ensures that, after the contour element 3c has been placed on the mandrels 1, the transverse force is evenly distributed between both mandrels 1. The load on the mandrels is thus predictable, and the mandrels can be designed accordingly to closely match the actual load. However, if the mandrels were arranged one above the other, viewed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the mandrels, it would not be possible to reliably predict which of the mandrels would bear which portion of the transverse force due to the manufacturing tolerances in the distance between the mandrels 1. Accordingly, if arranged one above the other, the mandrels would have to be oversized, which would result in higher costs.

[0073] As in Figure 1c and 1dAs shown, the mandrel 1 can be connected to a first support 3b, 10b and / or a second support 3a, 10a. The designations "first" support and "second" support serve only to distinguish these two elements. Thus, either only the first support can be used, or only the second support, or both supports can be used. The first support 3b, 10b and / or the second support 3a, 10a can be firmly connected to the first support element. The support 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b can be designed as a substantially vertically arranged sheet. The mandrel 1 can, on the one hand, as in Figure 1c and 1d shown, be connected over its entire circumference to the first support 3b, 10b and / or the second support 3a, 10a. On the other hand, the mandrel 1 can also, as in Figures 5a , 5b , 5c and 6ashown, only be connected to the first support 3b, 10b and / or the second support 3a, 10a by a portion of its circumference. In this case, the support 10a, 10b can be designed as a contour element open to one side. This means that the support 10a, 10b, which is only connected to a portion of the outer circumference of the mandrel 1, can, similar to the contour element 3c, have a contour that corresponds to a portion of the outer circumference of the mandrel 1 and is open to one side of the support 10a, 10b. As shown in the Figures 5a to 6a In this case, as shown, the first support 10b and the second support 10a can be arranged such that the opening direction of the first support 10b and the opening direction of the second support 10a point in opposite directions. If only one support is to be used in such an embodiment, it is preferred that only the support whose opening direction points upwards is used. In the Figures 5a , 5b ,5c and 6a In the exemplary embodiments shown, this is the first support 10b. This upwardly open first support 10b, in the present load case, absorbs the majority of the weight force of the second support element, designed as a beam 2. Therefore, it is preferable to use this first support 10b when using only one support.

[0074] The first support 3b, 10b and / or the second support 3a, 10a can also have an anchor plate arranged perpendicular to the direction of extension of the support 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b and on a side of the support 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b that is opposite the open contour. The anchor plate is preferably used when the first load-bearing element is a column 4. Then, the anchor plate can ensure a firm anchoring of the support 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b in the concrete of the column 4, even under high loads on the mandrels 1. Inside the column, the supports with the anchor plates 10a and 10b serve to transmit forces to the concrete-filled composite column 4.

[0075] The first support 3b, 10b and / or the second support 3a, 10a, like the contour element 3c, can additionally have bores 13 in which bolts 5, preferably screw connections, can be arranged to connect the support 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b to the contour element 3c. It is preferred that the bores 13 are provided only in the support 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b that lies opposite the contour element 3c. In other words, if two supports are present, it is preferred that the bores 13 are provided in the first support 3b, which lies opposite the contour element 3c. Via the bolt, preferably the screw connection 5, forces, preferably tensile forces, can be transmitted from the contour element 3c to the first support 3b, 10b and / or the second support 3a, 10a and vice versa. The holes can be listed as round, closed holes 13.Furthermore, it is possible to design the bores as elongated holes 14 that open toward one side of the support 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b, preferably toward a side that faces upward in the assembled state. Such open elongated holes 14 are shown, for example, in the first support 3b in . Figure 7b shown. When the second support element is placed from above with the contour of the contour element 3c onto the at least one mandrel 1 of the first support element, according to this embodiment, a bolt, preferably a screw connection 5, can already be pre-assembled on the contour element 3c and inserted from above through the upwardly open elongated hole 14 into the first support 3b and / or the second support 3a. This saves time when connecting the two support elements, and there is no longer any need to assemble loose individual parts at great heights, where there is otherwise a risk of the loose individual parts being lost.

[0076] As in the Figures 5a and5bAs is shown using a preferred embodiment, in particular when the first supporting element is designed as a column 4 and two mandrels 1 are used, the first support 3b, 10b and the second support 3a, 10a can each also be designed as split elements. In other words, the first support 3b, 10b can be made in two parts and the second support 3a, 10a can be made in two parts. As a result, a steel profile 12 or a steel tube 12 can be arranged in the column 4 between the two mandrels 1 without the first support 3b, 10b or the second support 3a, 10a getting in the way. The columns shown are exemplary as steel composite columns with a steel profile or a steel tube inside, a concrete core and a steel casing.However, for the joint function of the connection, this supporting element column can also be any other composite column without a sheet metal casing or just a conventional reinforced concrete column with reinforcement and concrete without additional casing or profile reinforcement with any geometric cross-section.

[0077] In Figure 2a further preferred embodiment of the connection system according to the invention is shown, with which two support elements designed as beams 2 are articulated to one another at their long sides in order to be able to form a statically determined continuous beam. The mandrel 1 is connected to a first support element designed as a beam 2 via a first support 3b and a second support 3a, and the contour element 3c is connected to a second support element designed as a beam 2 and rests on the mandrel 1 with its contour open to one side. The contour element 3c is connected to the first support 3b via a screw connection 5 for transmitting tensile forces from the first support element to the second support element and vice versa.

[0078] The supporting elements, designed as beams 2, each comprise two webs 2a, a base plate 2b, and a concrete core 2c. A gap serving as a movement joint is provided between the base plate 2b of the first beam 2 and the base plate 2b of the second beam 2. The movement joint allows the two beams 2 to move slightly relative to each other without the base plates 2b of the two beams 2 touching each other.

[0079] A gap between the base plates 2b, which serves as a movement joint, can also be provided in a connection system between two different load-bearing elements. For example, as in Figures 5a to 6ashown, in a connection system between a first support element, which is designed as a support 4 (composite support), and a second support element, which is listed as a beam 2. There, the gap can be arranged between a base plate 2b of the first support element designed as a beam 2 and an outer circumference of the support 4, as in Figure 5a Alternatively, a base plate 2b may be part of the first support element designed as a support 4 and the gap may be provided between this base plate 2b of the support 4 and a base plate 2b of the second support element designed as a carrier 2, such as in Figure 5c and 6a In other words, the base plate of the first support element designed as a support 4 can extend below the space 6, as in Figure 5c The base plate 2b of the second support element, designed as a carrier 2, ends accordingly at the storage plate 15.

[0080] As further stated in Figure 2 As shown, mineral wool 8 can be arranged on a section of the base plate 2b of the first load-bearing element that projects longitudinally beyond the first support 3b and faces the contour element 3c. The mineral wool 8 primarily serves as fire protection and, due to its insulating effect, can increase the fire resistance of the connection system. Furthermore, the mineral wool can serve as formwork, ensuring that when the load-bearing beam or part of it is poured with grout concrete, the area of the mineral wool is not filled with concrete and remains as a movement joint.

[0081] The mineral wool 8 can preferably have a thickness of at least 10 mm, more preferably a thickness of at least 20 mm. Furthermore, the mineral wool 8 can have a density of at least 80 kg / m 3 , more preferably a density of at least 100 kg / m 3 . By selecting such a mineral wool, sufficient sealing when used as formwork and sufficient insulation to increase the fire resistance duration can be ensured.

[0082] At the end of the second support element, listed as support 2, which faces the first support element, the concrete core 2c and the base plate 2b end at a support plate 15, as shown in Figure 2shown. The second support element, designed as a beam 2, extends with the two webs 2a further up to the contour element 3c, which is fastened, preferably welded, to the two webs 2a. A space 6 is located between the sheathing plate 15 and the contour element 3c, and a gap 9 is located between the contour element 3c of the second support element and the first support 3b of the first support element. The gap 9 corresponds to a tolerance in the longitudinal spacing of the two beams 2 during assembly and can also serve as a movement joint. The space 6 can provide space for relative movement between the contour element 3c and the mandrel 1. It also creates space for a screw connection 5 to be attached. Both the space 6 and the gap 9 can be filled with cast concrete after assembly of the connection system, left empty, or filled with mineral wool.On the one hand, the grouting concrete protects the mandrel 1, the contoured sheet 3c and the screw connection 5 from corrosion, but on the other hand, the grouting concrete can also be used to transfer compressive forces from the first load-bearing element to the second load-bearing element and vice versa.

[0083] An elastic layer 11 can be provided on the side of the first support 3b facing the contour element 3c. The elastic layer 11 can preferably consist of an elastomer, such as vulcanized rubber. However, it can also consist of mineral wool. The elastic layer 11 can thus border the cast concrete. The elasticity of the elastic layer 11 can preferably be selected such that the elastic layer transmits compressive forces between the first and second support elements across the cast concrete, but can be compressed relative to one another upon slight twisting or bending of the first and second support elements, thus allowing articulation even with the cast concrete present.However, the elasticity of the elastic layer 11 can also be selected such that there is a decoupling of compressive forces between the first and the second support element, i.e. no or only very low compressive forces are transmitted between the first and the second support element.

[0084] In cases where the compressive forces to be transmitted are to be concentrated in an upper region, a sheet metal intermediate layer can also be arranged in the gap 9 in the upper region of the gap. This can either provide a rigid transmission of the forces with a small lever arm with partial removal of the elastic layer 11 or provide microcompliance without removing the elastic layer.

[0085] In Figure 2It is also shown that a fastening point 16 for the screw connection 5, designed as a hollow space, can be provided in the concrete core 2c of the first load-bearing element designed as a beam 2. This fastening point 16, designed as a hollow space, ensures that sufficient space is available for attaching and tightening the screw connection 5. The fastening point 16, as well as the space 6 and the gap 9, can be filled with grout concrete after assembly. This secures the screw connection against loosening and protects it from corrosion.

[0086] As described above, the second support element rests with the contour element 3c on the mandrel 1 of the first support element such that a distance 9 is provided between the contour element 3c and the first support 3b. This distance serves, on the one hand, to provide space for the relative movement between the contour element 3c and the mandrel 1, similar to the movement joint between the two base plates. On the other hand, this distance 9 ensures a tolerance in the spacing of the two supports 2 in the longitudinal direction during assembly. The distance 9 is 0 to 5 cm, preferably 0 to 2 cm for static reasons. The relative position of the support elements to be connected can be fixed after placing the contour element 3c of the second support element onto the mandrel 1 of the first support element by inserting rigid sheets or elastic layers 11 and tightening the screw connection 5. Compressive and tensile forces can then be transferred between the two support elements.Nevertheless, the elastic layer 11 allows small twists or bends of the load-bearing elements relative to each other to avoid or minimize a moment clamping effect.

[0087] In Figure 2 It is also shown that reinforcement 7 is provided for further fastening the mandrel 1 to the first load-bearing element, designed as a beam 2. The reinforcements 7, designed as retaining reinforcements, are arranged around the mandrel 1. They increase the transverse force transferable via the mandrel by transferring the support force from the mandrel 1 to a statically more favorable, higher concrete area. The pressures around the mandrel 1 in the concrete are reduced, and defined leverage ratios for the force introduction in the mandrel 1 are created.

[0088] In the Figures 3a and 3beach shows a preferred embodiment of the connection system according to the invention, with which a second support element designed as a carrier 2 is articulated at its longitudinal end to a transverse end of a first support element designed as a carrier 2. The first support element designed as a carrier 2 is connected to two mandrels 1. In this embodiment, however, the first support element is not connected to the two mandrels 1 via a support 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b, which is designed as a separate and essentially vertically arranged sheet. Instead, the mandrels are connected to the first support element by a web 2a, which forms a transverse end of the first support element designed as a carrier 2. The web 2a has openings through which the mandrels 1 protrude into the interior of the first support element.The mandrels 1 are connected to the first support element via the web 2a, so that the web 2a in this embodiment takes on the function of a support 3a, 3b, 10a, 10b. In addition, rear reinforcements 7 are provided inside the first support element, which connect the mandrel to the first support element, which is filled with concrete and thus has a concrete core 2c. The base plate 2b of the second support element is shortened at one longitudinal end of the second support element in the longitudinal direction of the support element so that it does not abut a base plate 2b of the first support element at a point where the longitudinal end of the first support element is connected to the transverse end of the second support element. In other words, the base plate 2b of the second support element ends at a sheathing plate 15 of the second support element. If, as in . Figure 3bshown, the first support element and the second support element are arranged at an angle of more or less than 90° to each other, the base plate 2b of the second support element is shortened accordingly at this angle.

[0089] As further stated in Figure 5cAs can be seen, the space 6 in front of the second load-bearing element designed as a beam 2, between its sheathing plate 15 and its contoured sheet 3c, can be filled with cast concrete to ensure corrosion protection and increased fire resistance. Mineral wool 8 is arranged on the base plate 2b, which here is part of the first load-bearing element designed as a column 4, and this also increases the fire resistance. The elastic layer 11, which in this embodiment is arranged on the outer wall of the column 4, and the absence of a screw connection ensure force decoupling in the axial direction for normal forces in both the tensile and compressive directions. At least the arrangement allows for slight twisting or bending of the load-bearing elements relative to one another to avoid clamping moments.

[0090] Figure 6a shows similar to Figure 5aa perspective view of a connection between a first support element designed as a support 4 and a second support element shown as a beam 2. As described above, however, the arrangement of the gap serving as a movement joint is different from the embodiment of Figure 5a . In the embodiment of Figure 5a The base plate 2b of the second support element, designated as support 2, extends below the connection point and to the edge of the first support element, designated as support 4, where a corresponding gap is provided that serves as a movement joint. This requires axial sliding of the support 2 with the contoured sheet 3c located above it onto the projecting mandrels 1 of the support 4. Figure 6aIn contrast, the gap serving as a movement joint is arranged between two base plates 2b, one of which is part of the column 4 and one of which is part of the beam. In both cases, a separating layer in the form of mineral wool 8 and an elastic layer 11 is shown above the base plate 2b to separate the supporting elements.

[0091] In Figure 6ba further preferred embodiment of the connection system according to the invention is shown, with which two support elements designed as beams 2 are articulated to one another at their long sides in order to be able to form a statically determined continuous beam. An area of the beam can be filled with concrete on a side of the storage plate 15 that does not face the contour element 3c, and thus have a concrete core 2c. This is concrete that is already introduced into the beams delimited by the base plate 2b and the webs 2a during the production of the support elements 2 designed as beams. The arrangement for fastening the contour plate 3c of the second support element at the end of the web 2a of the second support element that projects beyond the base plate of the first support element is shown here, for example for welding.As an example, this figure shows an embodiment without tensile force transmission between the two supporting elements by means of screwing.

[0092] As in Figure 7a and 7bAs shown, the first support element designed as a beam 2 can have a recess (fastening point 16) in the concrete core 2c provided during production at a fastening point 16, at which a screw connection 5 is to be provided. This recess serves to facilitate assembly and tightening of the screw connection 5. Similarly, the second support element designed as a beam 2 can also have an area (space 6) between the stop plate 15 and the contour element 3c in which no concrete is provided during production. This area corresponds to the space 6 described above. For this purpose, the second support element can have a stop plate 15 between the contour element 3c and the concrete provided during production, which serves as formwork in the production of the concrete core 2c.In space 6, i.e., the area between the sheathing plate 15 and the contour element 3c, no concrete is provided in the second load-bearing element during production. This also facilitates the installation of the bolted connection in the second load-bearing element. To protect against corrosion and increase the fire resistance duration, space 6 and the fastening point 16 can be filled with grout concrete after installation.

[0093] The embodiments in Figure 7a and 7b differ in the design of the holes in the first edition 3b. The holes are in the version in Figure 7a as closed, round holes 13. In the embodiment in Figure 7bHowever, they are designed as upwardly open slots 14, as described above. These slots 14 can be introduced into the first support, for example, by milling. The slots 14 advantageously make it possible to Figure 7b Insert the second support element 2 shown on the right with screws already pre-assembled in the bore 13 of the contour element 3c from above into the elongated holes 14 of the first support 3b.

[0094] As in Fig. 8As shown, after assembly, during which the second support element with the contour element 3c is placed onto the at least one mandrel 1 of the first support element, the fastening point 16, designed as a hollow space, for the screw connection 5 in the first support element and the space 6, designed as a hollow space in the second support element, where no concrete is provided during production of the support element, can be filled with cast concrete. Cast concrete refers to concrete that is not already provided during production of the support elements, but is only provided on site during assembly of the support elements for casting cavities.

[0095] The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments mentioned in the above description. Rather, those skilled in the art will recognize that individual embodiments of the present invention or individual features of these embodiments may also be combined with one another and implemented in a single embodiment, unless an incompatibility is expressly described. LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0096] 1Dowel 2Support beam 2aWeb 2bBase plate 2cConcrete core 3aSecondary support 3First support 3cContour element 4Column 5Bolt, screw connection 6Space for or with grouted concrete 7Reinforcement, backing reinforcement 8Mineral wool 9Spacing, gap 10aSecond support with anchor plate 10First support with anchor plate 11Elastic layer 12Steel profile, steel pipe 13Bore hole 14Elongated hole 15Sheet plate 16Fastening point with cavity for or with grouted concrete

Claims

1. Connection system for supporting elements of a ceiling system with a first supporting element (2, 4) and a second supporting element (2, 4), comprising a first mandrel (1) and a second mandrel (1) arranged on the first supporting element (2, 4), a contour element (3c) arranged on the second supporting element (2, 4) and having a first contour which corresponds to at least a portion of an outer contour of the first mandrel (1) and a second contour which corresponds to at least a portion of an outer contour of the second mandrel (1), wherein the contour is open on one side of the contour element (3c) such that the contour element (3c) can be bent in a transverse direction (Q D ) of the first and second mandrel (1) can be placed on the first and second mandrel (1) and the contour comes to rest on the mandrel (1), and the contour element (3c) to the first and second mandrel (1) in a longitudinal direction (L D) of the first and second mandrel (1) is arranged displaceably.

2. Connection system according to claim 1, which further comprises at least one bolt (5), which is preferably a screw connection, for transmitting tensile forces between the first support element (2, 4) and the second support element (4, 2).

3. Connection system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first support element and the second support element are each a support beam (2); or the first support element is a support beam (2) and the second support element is a column (4); or the first support element is a column (4) and the second support element is a support beam (2).

4. Connection system according to claim 3, wherein the supporting beam (2) has two preferably parallel webs (2a) and at least one base plate (2b) which preferably runs perpendicular to the webs (2a) and projects outwardly beyond the webs (2a), each of which is preferably made of steel; and a core (2c) made of concrete, which is preferably provided with reinforcement (7).

5. Connection system according to claim 4, wherein mineral wool (8) is arranged on a portion of the base plate (2b) facing the contour element (3c).

6. Connection system according to one of the preceding claims, in which the contour element (3c) is designed as a sheet metal which is arranged substantially vertically in the installed state and is preferably firmly connected to the second support element.

7. Connection system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and / or second mandrel (1) has a round or rectangular cross-section.

8. Connection system according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first and / or second mandrel (1) is connected to the first support element via a first support (3b, 10b) and / or via a second support (3a, 10a), wherein the first support (3b, 10b) and / or the second support (3a, 10a) is / are connected to the first and / or second mandrel (1) over an entire circumference of the first and / or second mandrel (1); or the first support (3b, 10b) is connected to the first and / or second mandrel (1) over a first part of a circumference of the first and / or second mandrel (1) and / or the second support (3a, 10a) is connected to the first and / or second mandrel (1) over a second part of a circumference of the first and / or second mandrel (1), which part is preferably opposite the first part.

9. Connection system according to claim 8, wherein bores (13) for receiving a bolt (5), preferably a screw connection, are provided in the first support (3b) and / or the second support (3a) and in the contour element (3c); and the bores in the first support (3b) and / or the second support (3a) are provided as elongated holes (14) which open towards an upwardly facing side of the first support (3b) and / or the second support (3a).

10. Connection system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein an elastic layer (11) is arranged on a side of the first support (3b) or the second support (3a) facing the contour element (3c).

11. Method of forming a connection point, preferably in a ceiling-level beam, with a connection system according to one of the preceding claims, which comprises the following step: placing the contour element (3c) of the second support element (2, 4) on the first and / or second mandrel (1) of the first support element (2, 4).

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of: fastening the first support element to the second support element by means of a bolt (5), which is preferably a screw connection, at a fastening point (16) for transmitting tensile forces between the first support element (2, 4) and the second support element (2, 4).

13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising the following step: inserting at least one bolt (5) pre-assembled in the contour element (3c) of the second support element (2, 4) into an elongated hole (14) which is open to one side in a support (3a, 3b) arranged on the first support element (2, 4).

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the step of: filling the attachment point (16) with grout concrete.

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