Use of an elastomer sleeve for assembly on a line

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of an elastomer sleeve (20) for assembly on a line (30), wherein the line is first moved through the elastomer sleeve, and a support element (4, 1), which keeps the elastomer sleeve expanded, is arranged in the elastomer sleeve; the support element (4, 1) is then removed from the elastomer sleeve (20) and the elastomer sleeve rests against the line; wherein in step i), a flat structure (2) is arranged radially between the support element (4, 1) and the elastomer sleeve (20), with respect to a centre axis of the elastomer sleeve, and wherein in step ii) the support element (4, 1) is guided out of the elastomer sleeve (20) along the flat structure (2).

Description

[0001] Use of an elastomer sleeve for mounting on a cable

[0002] The present invention relates to the use of an elastomer sleeve for mounting on a line, wherein the elastomer sleeve is applied to the line.

[0003] One known method in this regard involves heat shrinking, in which an elastomer sleeve is exposed to heat after the cable has been passed through, for example, with a flame or a hot air gun. As a result of the heat, the elastomer sleeve contracts and forms a seal around the cable. This process can be disadvantageous, for example, in that the heat can also affect the cable itself, damaging the cable sheath or, depending on the type, the cable core.

[0004] The present invention is based on the technical problem of providing an advantageous use of an elastomer sleeve for mounting on a cable.

[0005] This is achieved according to the invention with the use according to claim 1, wherein i) firstly the line is laid through the elastomer sleeve and in the process a support element is arranged in the elastomer sleeve which keeps the elastomer sleeve expanded; ii) subsequently the support element is removed from the elastomer sleeve and the elastomer sleeve contracts and lies against the line; wherein in step i), with respect to a central axis of the elastomer sleeve, a sheet-like structure is arranged radially between the support element and the elastomer sleeve, and wherein in step ii) the support element slides out of the elastomer sleeve along the sheet-like structure.

[0006] The support element can easily slide out of the elastomer sleeve along the surface of the fabric, which could be, for example, a layer of fabric or, in particular, a film or plastic film, better than if it were to rest directly against the inner wall surface of the elastomer sleeve. The latter would result in a higher coefficient of friction due to the elastomer material of the elastomer sleeve, making removal of the support element more difficult. After the support element is removed, the elastomer sleeve, previously held radially expanded by the support element, contracts. This allows it to rest against the outer wall surface of the line, creating a relatively large and thus effectively sealing contact surface. Compared to the example mentioned above, this approach can also be gentle on the material, thus reducing the risk of damage.

[0007] Preferred embodiments can be found throughout the disclosure and in particular in the dependent claims, although the presentation of the features does not always distinguish in detail between aspects of use, method, and device; at least implicitly, the disclosure is directed to all categories of claims.

[0008] In the step according to point i), the support element keeps the elastomer sleeve expanded, meaning the inner diameter of the elastomer sleeve is larger than in a state free of external forces (i.e., than in a comparison case without a support element and line). After removal of the support element, the overall diameter of the elastomer sleeve decreases (i.e., the average of the inner and outer diameters), and due to the decreasing inner diameter, it adheres to the outer wall surface of the line. In other words, in a state free of external forces, the elastomer sleeve has an inner diameter that is smaller than the outer diameter of the line passing through it, for example, by at least 5%, 10%, or 15% (with possible upper limits of, for example, a maximum of 70% or 50%).

[0009] In general, "diameter" in the context of this disclosure refers to the mean of the smallest and largest extensions perpendicular to a center axis of the elastomer sleeve, which in the preferred case of an elastomer sleeve with a circular cross-section corresponds to the circle diameter. The terms "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" also refer to said center axis, as do the associated directions (axial direction, etc.). Unless otherwise stated, this also applies to "inside" and "outside"; thus, an inner wall surface faces toward the center axis, and an outer wall surface faces away from it.

[0010] The "line" can, for example, be a pipe that is used either to conduct a fluid, e.g., water or gas, or can serve as a protective conduit for laying the actual line; however, the line can also be a cable, such as an electrical or data cable. In other words, the line can be a gas, water, district heating, electrical, or data line, with applications in station construction being particularly preferred, for example, so-called medium-voltage cables.

[0011] The "elastomer material" of the elastomer sleeve is generally a plastic with elastic properties. Its Shore hardness (Shore A) can be, for example, a maximum of 90 Shore, 80 Shore, 75 Shore, or 70 Shore, and (independently of this) a minimum of 20 Shore, 25 Shore, 30 Shore, 35 Shore, or 40 Shore. It can be, for example, a rubber material, preferably a synthetic rubber such as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene, M group). However, it can also be, for example, a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) or a silicone-based material, such as silicone rubber or silicone elastomer.

[0012] In general, the support element can have any shape, as long as it keeps the elastomer sleeve expanded and allows a cable to be fed through it. This could, for example, also be achieved with an axially cross-shaped (and not necessarily symmetrical) support element, whereby the cable can then be pushed through a quadrant of it (which can be proportionally larger due to the asymmetry). Furthermore, an axially V-shaped support element would also be conceivable. Regardless of the shape of the support element, the basic idea remains that the flat structure makes it easier to slide out. In a preferred embodiment, however, the support element is a support sleeve, i.e. it encloses a passage opening through which the cable is laid. Generally speaking, details refer to the support sleeve orthe support element generally, unless expressly stated otherwise, refers to the state arranged in the elastomer sleeve, i.e. the step according to point i). A passage opening defined centrally and preferably coaxially with the elastomer sleeve by the support sleeve can, for example, simplify threading the line through. The support sleeve encloses the passage opening over at least a larger part of the circumference, e.g. over at least 75%, 85% or 90%; in general, therefore, a tube slit longitudinally (axially) on a radial side can also form the support sleeve. Preferably, however, the support sleeve completely encloses the passage opening in the circumferential direction. In general, it can also be provided in several parts with respect to the circumference, e.g., be composed of two half-shells (which together completely enclose the passage opening). Preferably, however, the support sleeve is self-contained all the way around, i.e., is one-piece.

[0013] In a particularly simple and solid design, the support sleeve can be a piece of pipe, e.g. made of a hard plastic, see the Shore hardness (D) values ​​given below for the locking ring of the “jacket pipe” variant (alternatively, e.g. made of metal). In general, however, the support sleeve can also have a grid-shaped wall, for example, so the support sleeve wall does not necessarily have to be closed. With a view to sliding out, an outer wall surface that is smooth when viewed in an axial section, i.e. overall designed in particular as a cylindrical jacket surface, is preferred. Alternatively, or preferably in combination with this, with a view to the passage of the line, an inner wall surface that is smooth when viewed in an axial section, in particular designed as a cylindrical jacket surface, is preferred.

[0014] In general, the support sleeve can also have a spiral structure, whereby axially adjacent spiral sections can be connected to one another, for example, via predetermined breaking points. To remove it, this spiral support sleeve can then be grasped at one end and pulled, whereby the predetermined breaking points are successively separated and the resulting "elongated" spiral shape slides out of the elastomer sleeve along the surface structure. However, such a support sleeve can be complex to manufacture, which is why the support element in general, and the support sleeve in particular, preferably slides out of the elastomer sleeve as a whole, for example, without any associated change in shape, as in the example of the spiral.

[0015] As mentioned at the beginning, a basic function of the sheet-like structure is to reduce friction - a friction coefficient that affects static or sliding friction is therefore smaller for the support element in relation to the sheet-like structure than for the support element in relation to the elastomer sleeve. The support element can be removed in different ways. For example, it can be squeezed axially out of the elastomer sleeve by appropriately compressing the elastomer sleeve next to the support element, which occurs successively with subsequent gripping. Alternatively, the support element can also protrude axially from the elastomer sleeve and then simply be grasped and pulled out. Furthermore, a thread or a cord can also be provided on the support element, which makes it possible to pull it out even if the support element itself does not protrude axially from the elastomer sleeve.Regardless of the specific type of force application, in all these cases the surface structure facilitates the axial sliding or slipping out of the support element.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, the sheet material itself is used to apply the extraction force. This is described below using a "first axial direction" along which the support sleeve slides axially out of the elastomer sleeve and which, by definition, points from a first to a second axial end of the support sleeve. If, for example, the support sleeve is arranged completely axially within the elastomer sleeve in step i), then first the second and then the first axial end of the support sleeve protrudes from the elastomer sleeve during removal. The force is transferred via the sheet material to the first axial end during or for removing the support sleeve. For this purpose, the section of the sheet material that has already been released at a particular point in time, i.e., that is, no longer held radially between the support sleeve and the elastomer sleeve due to the partial slipping out, is pulled out by the support sleeve in the first axial direction.At certain points during the extraction process, a remaining section is located between the support sleeve and the elastomer sleeve, and the already released section extends from it around the front of the support sleeve at the first axial end into its through-opening. The force is applied by pulling on it. Generally, the through-opening can be reached into for pulling, for example, with needle-nose pliers. Preferably, the already released section protrudes at the second axial end, so it can be easily pulled by hand, for example.

[0017] In principle, the support sleeve could initially be squeezed out in the manner described above, and the freed section of the sheet-like structure in or through the passage opening could then be gripped, for example, with pliers, and used for the final withdrawal. In a preferred embodiment, however, an end section of the sheet-like structure is already folded inwards into the support sleeve in step i), i.e. it extends at least into the passage opening (generally not necessarily out at the second axial end). Preferably, however, the folded end section is so long that it already protrudes from the second axial end in step i). It can then be gripped particularly easily after the line has been passed through, for example by hand, and pulled in the first axial direction, i.e. axially away from the elastomer sleeve, to withdraw the support element.

[0018] In step i), the end section of the sheet material folded into the first end of the support sleeve can, on the one hand, protrude axially from the second end of the support sleeve, i.e., extend a short distance away from the second end in the first axial direction. Alternatively, the part of the end section folded into the first end of the support sleeve that protrudes at the second end can also be folded outward at the second end, i.e., sit on the outer wall surface of the elastomer sleeve. This can, for example, have a certain protective function and / or simplify threading the cable through.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the support sleeve can generally be slotted, i.e., provided with an axially continuous slot. This slot allows the sleeve to be opened, for example, after being removed from the elastomer sleeve, to be lifted radially from the line. For this purpose, the slot can be completely continuous in its initial state or simply provided with a predetermined breaking point, such as a reduced wall thickness area and / or a perforation.

[0020] As mentioned at the beginning, the subject matter of the invention can in principle be realized with any sheet material that reduces the static friction for the support element. Therefore, a woven or knitted fabric, and in particular a nonwoven fabric, are also suitable, whereby such a fabric can also be coated to (further) reduce friction, for example, by waxing or similar. In a preferred embodiment, the sheet material is nevertheless provided as a plastic film, which can have advantages, for example, in terms of cost. The plastic film can, for example, have a thickness of a maximum of 1 mm, with further upper limits of a maximum of 0.8 mm or 0.6 mm (and independent lower limits of, for example, at least 10 μm or 20 μm). Preferred materials for the plastic film include PVC, PP, and PE.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the sheet material, in particular the plastic film, is enclosed all the way around, i.e., it has a tubular shape. This can, for example, simplify the assembly of the support element, sheet material, and elastomer sleeve, preventing slippage and thus misplacement.

[0022] The invention also relates to an elastomer sleeve arrangement with elastomer sleeve, support element / support sleeve and sheet material / plastic film therebetween; with regard to possible details, reference is expressly made to the above statements.

[0023] The invention further relates to a method for producing such an elastomer sleeve arrangement, wherein the support sleeve is axially slotted and consequently radially compressed or compressible. In a radially compressed configuration, two end sections of the support sleeve overlap, which in the radially expanded configuration abut one another in the slot. Due to the overlap in the circumferential direction, i.e. because the end sections are arranged radially one after the other in the compressed configuration, the circumference is reduced, so that the support sleeve can be easily inserted into the elastomer sleeve. The sheet-like structure can be previously inserted into the elastomer sleeve or pushed in together with the support sleeve (just as during removal, the relatively lower friction on the sheet-like structure can also be utilized during insertion).

[0024] In the compressed configuration, the outer diameter of the support sleeve can essentially correspond to the inner diameter of the elastomer sleeve, or it can be smaller or even slightly larger (a certain amount of expansion during insertion is possible). The support sleeve is then expanded inside the elastomer sleeve, for example by inserting an expanding tool and expanding the support sleeve, e.g. until the end sections no longer overlap, but come into contact with their abutting edges. The expanding tool can be implemented, for example, with pins (see below) or with cones attached axially on both sides that are moved towards each other. The end sections then support each other in the circumferential direction, which stabilizes the entire support sleeve and thus also the expanded elastomer sleeve in this configuration.

[0025] To further stabilize this expanded configuration, the abutting edges can be profiled. This profiling can, for example, mean that one end section pushes the other end section, which was radially inward in the compressed configuration, radially outward in the expanded configuration (with a beveled flank). Alternatively or additionally, the end sections can also interlock, meaning a positive fit created by the profiling can prevent radial misalignment, such as a tongue and groove profile or a serrated shape, or similar.

[0026] As an alternative to the above-described production process by expanding an axially slotted support sleeve, the elastomer sleeve assembly can also be manufactured using an expanding tool that is inserted into the elastomer sleeve and expands it. The support element with the sheet-like structure, in particular the support sleeve with the plastic film, is then inserted into the elastomer sleeve expanded by the expanding tool, and the expanding tool is then axially withdrawn. The expanding tool can comprise a plurality of axially extending pins that are inserted into the elastomer sleeve and moved apart to expand it (at least three, preferably at least four or five such pins). Since each pin has only a relatively small contact surface on the elastomer sleeve, the expanding tool can then be easily axially withdrawn even when the elastomer sleeve is expanded.

[0027] As described above, the present invention allows for a relatively simple and quick seal to be created for a line. Preferably, the line is sealed against an opening, in particular a through-opening, in a wall or floor element by means of the elastomer sleeve. The wall or floor element can be made of stone or concrete and / or be part of a building structure, i.e., a wall or floor element of a building. In a typical application, the line is laid through a through-opening in the wall or floor element, with the elastomer sleeve preferably already fixed in position relative to the wall or floor element, in particular sealed against it.

[0028] In a particularly simple case, a flange section made of the same elastomer material can be provided axially adjacent to the elastomer sleeve, for example, which is pressed against a side surface of the wall or floor element, e.g. with a metal or plastic ring screwed against the wall or floor element. The elastomer sleeve can also be placed on a pipe end, i.e., seal the pipe against a line laid within it and protruding from the pipe end. Such a pipe can, for example, be a protective pipe laid in the ground and / or a so-called monoblock pipe in which several lines are combined for a district heating or, in particular, heat pump application. Alternatively, the pipe can also be installed as a casing pipe in a wall or floor element, for example, mechanically fastened and / or cast in, and the elastomer sleeve can be placed on an end section of the pipe protruding from the wall or floor element.Regardless of the type or application of the pipe in detail, the elastomer sleeve can be pressed radially inwards towards an outer wall surface of the pipe for additional fastening, for example with a clamping ring, such as a clamping clamp.

[0029] The elastomer sleeve can also be cast into the wall or floor element, for example, on its own or together with a casing. In the former case, the elastomer sleeve can have a circumferential bead on an outer surface, for example, and can be supported radially inward by a support element during casting, which can then be removed together with the formwork after concreting (so that only the elastomer sleeve remains in the opening). The elastomer sleeve can also be cast or concreted in together with a casing, whereby the casing supports the elastomer sleeve radially inward during casting and then remains in the wall or floor element even after demoulding.

[0030] Alternatively, the elastomer sleeve can also be pressed radially outward with a clamping ring, for example, against the inner wall surface of a pipe and / or against the reveal of an opening in a wall or floor element. This opening can either be formed by a pipe (wall sleeve) or provided directly in the wall or floor element, for example, as a so-called core bore. Regarding a possible design of a corresponding clamping ring for radially outward pressing, reference is made to EP 3 502 534 A1.

[0031] The elastomer sleeve can also be attached to or integrated into a so-called compression seal, whereby the compression seal comprises an elastomer body and a clamping device. With the latter, the elastomer body can be compressed axially and consequently pressed radially against a reveal defining the through-opening, thus creating a seal against the wall or floor element. In this case, a passage opening that is large relative to the pipe can be provided in the elastomer body, and the seal to the pipe is then created by means of the elastomer sleeve. Furthermore, the elastomer sleeve can also be part of a system insert, for example, which is mounted in a casing pipe built into the wall or floor element, in particular cast therein, e.g. with a screw or locking mechanism.

[0032] An advantageous embodiment, which is preferably provided in combination with the support sleeve but can generally also be of interest independently, concerns the use of an insert for installation in a casing pipe in a wall or floor element made of concrete or stone. This is also referred to below as the "casing pipe" variant.

[0033] The casing pipe, which can be part of a so-called cable duct, for example, is usually cast into the wall or floor element during its manufacture. For this purpose, it is placed in a suitable formwork, which is then filled with concrete, with the casing pipe keeping the opening clear. After the formwork is removed, it remains in the hardened concrete. In known designs, several projections are provided around the inside wall of the casing pipe, which interact with system covers that can be inserted into the pipe element like a screw or bayonet lock. The associated system cover has recesses that accommodate the projections, so that it can be screwed into the casing pipe or locked into place by turning. The cable can be laid through the system cover and sealed against it.

[0034] The “jacket pipe” variant is based on the technical problem of specifying an advantageous use.

[0035] This is solved by using the first aspect below, specifically by securing the insert in the through-hole using a locking ring. This is inserted into the casing pipe in a sliding direction until it engages behind a flank formed on the inner wall surface of the casing pipe and is thus secured in the casing pipe. The insert is also held in position by the rusted locking ring.

[0036] Even if the flank engaged by the locking ring is formed by a threaded section, which is preferred, rusting can offer advantages over screwing in a system cover. The locking ring can be less susceptible to twisting, for example, so that a rotational movement caused, for example, by torsion of the cable is less likely to lead to accidental loosening. On the other hand, the ability to simply push the locking ring into the locking seat, without any specific rotational movement required, etc., can simplify installation. This can be particularly advantageous in confined spaces, for example, when the device must be used in a difficult-to-access underground area.

[0037] Preferred embodiments can be found in the entire disclosure and in particular in the dependent claims, whereby the presentation of the features does not always distinguish specifically between the different claim categories; in any case, the disclosure is always to be read implicitly in terms of both application or method aspects and corresponding device features. The locking ring "engages behind" the flank on the inner wall surface of the casing tube, i.e., it is held axially positively on the flank with respect to an axial direction opposite the insertion direction in which the locking ring is pushed into the locking seat. Viewed in an axial section in which the sectional plane includes a longitudinal axis of the through opening, the flank of the casing tube points in the direction of insertion.A contact surface of the locking ring, which then rests against it in a form-fitting seat, points in the opposite axial direction (“extension direction”) and is thus held in an axially form-fitting manner.

[0038] In general, the terms “axial,” “radial,” or “circumferential” in the context of the “jacket tube” variant refer to the relevant axis, in the example above, to the longitudinal axis of the through-opening (in other cases, to a center axis of an elastomer sleeve of the insert; see details below). Unless otherwise stated, “inside” and “outside” refer to the radial directions, i.e., for example, an inner wall surface faces towards the respective axis and an outer wall surface faces radially away from the axis (if, however, the arrangement or feature refers to the axial direction, e.g., in the case of an “end face,” this will be stated accordingly). During assembly in the jacket tube, the locking ring is pushed into the locking seat with at least a partial axial movement (this can, for example, also be combined with a slight rotation); preferably, the axial component accounts for the largest portion of the movement; particularly preferably, the movement is exclusively axial.

[0039] The cable is routed through the insert, which can be done before or, preferably, after it is secured in the through-hole. Regardless of the specific order, the insert is then sealed against the cable, preferably using an elastomer sleeve shrunk onto the cable (see details below). Generally, however, the insert could also be sealed against the cable with a compression seal or similar.

[0040] Furthermore, the locking ring and insert can generally also be provided as a single piece or even monolithically, whereby, in the context of this disclosure, "single piece" means non-destructively separable, and "monolithic" means continuously formed from the same material, i.e., without a material boundary between them. The locking ring and insert can therefore generally also be provided, for example, as a coherent single- or multi-component injection-molded part; for example, the insert can be injection-molded as a soft component, such as TPE, to the locking ring as a hard component, such as ABS.

[0041] In general, for example in the case of a design as a multi-component injection-molded part, the insert can also be axially connected to the locking ring, i.e., in the assembled state, it can sometimes also be located outside the through-opening, with the locking ring then being sealed separately against the casing pipe (e.g. with a sealing ring). In a preferred embodiment, however, at least one fastening section of the insert is provided from an elastomer material, with the locking ring, in its locking position, pressing this fastening section against the inner wall surface of the casing pipe. Although the fastening section and thus the insert and the locking ring can generally still be provided as a single piece (e.g., the insert / fastening section can be injection-molded onto the locking ring as a soft component), this preferably relates to an insert that is made up of several pieces in relation to the locking ring, which is more preferably provided monolithically from an elastomer material.By pressing it outwards, the elastomer fastening section and thus the insert can be fastened in the casing pipe and at the same time sealed against it.

[0042] The "elastomer material" is generally a plastic with elastic properties. Its Shore hardness (Shore A) can be, for example, a maximum of 90 Shore, 80 Shore, 75 Shore, or 70 Shore, and (independently of this), for example, a minimum of 20 Shore, 25 Shore, 30 Shore, 35 Shore, or 40 Shore. It can be, for example, a rubber material, preferably a synthetic rubber such as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene, M group). However, it can also be, for example, a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) or a silicone-based material, such as silicone rubber or silicone elastomer. In a preferred embodiment, the locking ring and the insert are assembled from multiple parts, i.e., as previously separately manufactured parts. However, they can generally be integrally connected, for example, by adhesive bonding. Preferably they are made up of several pieces, so they can be disassembled without causing damage (before installation in the casing pipe).In general, the two could also be mounted sequentially in the through hole, so for example the insert from one side could be placed into the through hole first and then the locking ring from the other side.

[0043] Preferably, however, the locking ring and insert are inserted into the casing tube together, i.e., in an assembled state. When inserted into the casing tube, at least a section of the locking ring, which then presses the elastomer fastening section outward, is already positioned radially inside the fastening section. Inserting them together can simplify handling, for example, as both can be inserted from one side (in the insertion direction), preferably from the outside.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment, the insert, specifically the elastomer fastening section, is pulled onto the locking ring, meaning that the elastomer fastening section is at least temporarily expanded during assembly with the locking ring. In the assembled state, it sits axially positively on the locking ring, whereby it is preferably still expanded compared to a state free of external forces, i.e., slightly undersized. Due to the positive fit and, preferably, additionally, the force-fitting fit due to the undersize, the elastomer fastening section is held securely on the locking ring. This can be particularly advantageous under difficult assembly conditions (e.g., poor accessibility or visibility), because the fitter then has to pay less attention to the correct fit of the insert and locking ring when inserting it into the through-hole.The positive connection exists at least with respect to an axial direction opposite to the insertion direction (“extension direction”), preferably it also exists in the insertion direction.

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment, the elastomer fastening section has an engagement section that engages behind a flank formed on the outer wall surface of the locking ring, preferably axially enclosed on both sides in a groove formed in the outer wall surface of the locking ring. Viewed in an axial section, the flank of the locking ring points in the insertion direction; due to its contact therewith, the engagement section of the fastening section is held in the extension direction. After insertion into the casing tube, its inner wall surface holds the engagement section radially in position (e.g., in the groove), thus preventing the engagement or fastening section from expanding and thus slipping out.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, an outer wall surface of the engagement portion is designed to rise outward in the extension direction. The outer wall surface therefore has a diameter that increases in the extension direction; in other words, the outer diameter of the engagement portion increases in the extension direction. If the engagement portion is preferably seated in a groove, its front end in the insertion direction, which is first inserted into the through-opening during insertion, preferably has an outer diameter corresponding to that of the locking ring there. The outer diameter of the engagement portion then rises slightly in the opposite direction to the insertion direction, leading to increasing contact and pressing when inserted into the through-opening.

[0047] According to a preferred embodiment, the elastomer fastening section has a sealing section following the engagement section in the extension direction. Although the engagement section is preferably already pressed against the inner wall surface (regardless of whether with or without a rising outer wall surface), the contact pressure in the sealing section can be even higher. The sealing section preferably forms a radially outward-projecting elevation on its outer wall surface, which is preferably circumferentially closed and can generally be provided, for example, in the form of a bead. The elevation is preferably provided as a sealing lip, which particularly preferably rises obliquely outwards when viewed in an axial section, specifically inclined in the extension direction.This allows the raised section to slide easily into the casing pipe; on the other hand, standing water cannot easily overflow the raised section in the direction of insertion, but would, at least to a certain extent, press it even more strongly against the inner wall surface of the casing pipe due to the sloping shape.

[0048] Preferably, the outer wall surface of the locking ring in the region of the sealing section, in particular its elevation positioned upstream relative to the insertion direction, is formed with a radial elevation, which thus slides into the through-opening after the elevation of the sealing section upon insertion. This elevation on the locking ring can press the sealing section, in particular the elevation formed there, firmly against the inner wall surface of the casing pipe. Preferably, a radial recess is formed in the locking ring upstream of the elevation in the sealing section of the insert in the insertion direction, generally also independently of the elevation of the locking ring just discussed, but preferably in combination with it and then also upstream of the elevation (of the locking ring) in the insertion direction (so it slides into the through-opening after the elevation upon insertion).The recess can provide some space into which the elastomer mounting section can be deformed, thus allowing it to deflect. This will ensure that the raised portion of the sealing section is sufficiently pressed against the casing pipe, but can also prevent excessive crushing.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, a threaded section provided on the inner wall surface of the casing tube forms the flank behind which the locking ring engages, see also the comments at the beginning (in general, however, any projection on or a recess in the inner wall surface could also form the flank). The threaded section is preferably formed monolithically with the rest of the casing tube and / or extends circumferentially only over one segment, i.e. not completely circumferentially. Distributed over the circumference, there can then be several threaded sections, each extending over a segment. These threaded sections are preferably arranged at the same axial position and can preferably each extend over the same angle, in particular be rotationally symmetrical to one another about the longitudinal axis of the through-opening.

[0050] Even if the casing pipe is designed with a threaded section for inserting a system cover, this option is not used in this case; instead, the insert is secured with a locking ring. This can, for example, expand the application possibilities; the item in question can be used in an installation environment that is difficult to access or see, whereas a system cover can be screwed into an identical casing pipe under "normal" conditions. This creates flexibility, as the casing pipe installed in the wall or floor element would be difficult to remove or replace. However, the optional fitting with a system cover or an insert with a locking ring still allows for later adaptation.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, before the insert with the locking ring is inserted into the casing pipe, particularly when installing the casing pipe into the wall or floor element, a closure cap is held in the casing pipe via the threaded section. This closure cap can be positioned axially at the end of the casing pipe, for example, when the casing pipe is cast into a concrete wall or floor element, thus preventing the penetration of concrete or general contamination. The closure cap is then loosened by turning and removed from the through-hole.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment, the locking fit between the locking ring and the casing tube is independent of the rotational position, meaning that the locking ring is held positively in the casing tube in any rotational position (over 360°). Preferably, when the locking ring is rotated, its axial position also remains unchanged, even if the flank is formed on a threaded section. For this purpose, the locking ring can be positively seated at a rear end of the threaded section in the insertion direction, so that it does not slip along the threaded section during rotation. As already mentioned at the beginning, the locking fit, independent of the rotational position, can prevent unintentional loosening and also simplify assembly.

[0053] In general, a locking section of the clamping ring that is bonded to the casing pipe can be continuously uninterrupted or divided into locking tongues by separating joints. The separating joints can, for example, simplify a certain radial deflection of the locking tongues when the locking ring is pushed into the locking seat, thus reducing the force required when inserting the locking ring. The reverse is not mandatory, however; the locking section and in particular a flank thereof that then fits axially and points in the extension direction can also be self-contained all the way around. Even if the locking ring is made of a comparatively hard material, its elasticity can still allow sufficient deflection of said flank of the locking ring radially inwards when pushed into the locking seat.

[0054] If the flank of the locking ring and / or the flank of the casing tube are uninterrupted in the circumferential direction, a locking fit is always achieved regardless of the rotational position. However, this can also be achieved if both flanks are interrupted in the circumferential direction, as long as a contact surface is always maintained despite the interruptions (i.e., the interruptions are bridged to a certain extent).

[0055] In general, the locking ring can also be made of metal, but in a preferred embodiment it is a hard plastic part. The hard plastic can, for example, have a Shore hardness (D) of at least 70 Shore, with possible (independent) upper limits of, for example, a maximum of 95 or 90 Shore. Possible hard plastics include PS, PC, ABS, PP and PA66, and the locking ring can in particular be produced by injection molding (i.e., it can be an "injection molded part" regardless of the specific plastic). According to a preferred embodiment, the locking ring has a pre-locking section which is positioned upstream of the flank in relation to the insertion direction, i.e., when the locking ring is inserted, it engages with the projection or threaded section upstream of the flank. This pre-locking can create a certain degree of pre-fixing and thus, for example, simplify further assembly. Several pre-locking sections can be provided distributed around the circumference, wherein the one or more pre-locking sectionsthe pre-locking sections summed up over one revolution preferably have a shorter length than the flank (whereby the length of the flank summed up over one revolution is also taken into account).

[0056] This is particularly preferred in that, on the one hand, the flank, i.e., the locking ring in the rusted state, is held in the casing tube regardless of the rotational position, but the pre-locking can be released by turning. In other words, the pre-locking can only be achieved at one or several specific rotational positions, whereas at other rotational positions, the pre-locking sections slide past the projections or threaded sections in the casing tube during insertion (i.e., the flank only engages during insertion). In yet other words, the locking ring can be pre-rusted at one rotational position, but this pre-locking can be released again at another rotational position.

[0057] The casing pipe can, specifically with regard to the function just described, but generally also independently thereof, be equipped with a plurality of projections, in particular threaded sections, distributed around its circumference. The projections are preferably provided and arranged in such a way that, viewed in the axial direction, there is a distance between each two projections that are next adjacent in the circumferential direction. In other words, a vertical projection of the projections in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction does not form a continuous line, but rather the ring shape is interrupted between each two sections. A locking ring as just described can then pre-rust if the pre-locking sections are axially aligned with the projections; if, however, they are arranged in the interruptions between them, the locking ring can be removed.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment, the locking ring is equipped with a predetermined breaking point, whereby a part of the locking ring can be opened or separated by opening the predetermined breaking point. By opening or separating the part, the structural integrity of the locking ring is reduced or completely broken to such an extent that the locking seat is released. This allows disassembly of the locking ring and thus the insert, and can therefore, for example, open up inspection options or enable a different cable layout. In general, a perforation or similar can also create the predetermined breaking point. However, this is preferably an area of ​​reduced wall thickness, which can also be easily implemented in an injection mold, for example.Regardless of the specific design of the predetermined breaking point, it should also be expressly disclosed that it is separated during use for disassembly and the locking ring is removed from the through-opening, preferably also the insert.

[0059] The predetermined breaking point can, for example, extend circumferentially, i.e., can be arranged axially between the mounting portion of the locking ring, which presses the fastening portion, and the flank of the locking ring forming the locking seat. After axial separation, the locking ring parts can then, for example, be removed from the through-opening at different sides. In a preferred embodiment, however, the predetermined breaking point extends at least partially axially along the locking ring. This can generally also be combined with a partial extension in the circumferential direction (i.e., in a somewhat spiral shape), although an exclusively axial orientation is preferred.

[0060] Regardless of whether it extends only partially or exclusively axially, the predetermined breaking point does not necessarily have to extend axially across the entire locking ring; it can, for example, also end within its axial extent. While the locking ring is not completely interrupted by the separation, its structural integrity is reduced, as described above. Nevertheless, a predetermined breaking point extending axially across the entire locking ring is preferred. Preferably, a plurality of predetermined breaking points are provided circumferentially, each extending at least partially axially, and particularly preferably each extending axially across the entire locking ring.

[0061] In general, the locking ring is preferably a one-piece, preferably monolithic part. It can, for example, be provided as an injection-molded, in particular a single-component injection-molded part. Despite the preferred one-piece design, it can generally also be provided in multiple parts or pieces, namely a first axial section can be combined with a second axial section to form the locking ring. The first axial section can then, for example, press the fastening section of the insert against the inner wall surface of the casing tube, whereas the second axial section forms the locking seat with the casing tube. These axial sections can in turn be reinforced with one another, so for example the second axial section can be pushed into the first axial section and held therein in an axially form-fitting manner. In the case of such a multi-piece design, the aforementioned predetermined breaking point can then, for example,may also be provided in only one of the axial sections, in particular in the second axial section.

[0062] As mentioned above, the fastening section is preferably made of an elastomer material; more preferably, the insert as a whole is an elastomer part. According to a preferred embodiment, to disassemble the locking ring, the elastomer material is separated, e.g., cut open with a knife, and the locking ring is then broken out. The latter can be simplified in particular by the predetermined breaking point(s) discussed above. Cutting open the insert can advantageously allow disassembly "from the outside"; for example, it does not have to be handled inside the Trofo / compact station (see details below). Irrespective of this, the locking ring can also be located closer to the outside, for example, making it more easily accessible. According to a preferred embodiment, the locking ring is audible during assembly of the insert, so that the fitter can hear a clicking sound when the locking seat is reached.This can be used to check assembly in a relatively simple way, which can be particularly advantageous in cases where accessibility and visibility are poor.

[0063] The insert preferably has an elastomer sleeve through which the cable is laid; by sealing the elastomer sleeve against the cable, the cable is then sealed against the insert and thus preferably against the wall or floor element. In general, a clamp can also be arranged on the elastomer sleeve for this purpose, for example, with which the elastomer sleeve is then pressed against the cable being passed through. However, the elastomer sleeve is preferably shrunk onto the cable, particularly preferably by removing a support element from the elastomer sleeve which previously keeps it expanded. When free from external forces, the elastomer sleeve is therefore radially smaller than the support element, which is why it sits expanded on the support element. This keeps the elastomer sleeve expanded so that the cable can be passed through, and is then removed from the elastomer sleeve. For this purpose, the support element can generally be, for example,can also have a spiral shape and be gripped at one end and pulled out of the elastomer sleeve. In a preferred embodiment, however, the support element is provided in the form of a support sleeve, with a flat structure being particularly preferably arranged radially between the support sleeve and the elastomer sleeve.

[0064] The "passive" sealing of the elastomer sleeve by shrinking it on can be particularly advantageous in conjunction with an elastomer joint (see below), because the elastomer joint can reduce interaction between the elastomer sleeve and the insert. Therefore, on the one hand, the relatively "tight" 1An elastomer sleeve sitting on the line does not lead to undesirable / excessive force being introduced into the fastening of the insert in the through-hole. On the other hand, tilting can also reduce the force being introduced into the elastomer sleeve itself, meaning that a reliable seal can be achieved, for example, without a tension clamp arranged on the elastomer sleeve. The advantages of use in spatially confined / difficult-to-access conditions have already been discussed, and the self-adjusting elastomer sleeve can represent a further component. In these confined conditions, there is then no need to operate a clamp tensioning mechanism by turning a screw or something similar. Instead, after the line has been fed through, the support element can simply be removed from the elastomer sleeve, which can then be sealed against the line relatively easily.

[0065] According to a preferred embodiment, when the support element is arranged in the elastomer sleeve and keeps it expanded, a sheet-like structure is arranged radially between the support element and the elastomer sleeve. When the support element is then removed from the elastomer sleeve, it slides along the sheet-like structure, which can simplify removal. The support element can slide easily on the sheet-like structure, which can be, for example, a fabric / nonwoven layer or, in particular, a film or plastic film, because it has lower friction (static and / or sliding friction) relative to the sheet-like structure than it would have on the elastomer sleeve.

[0066] The support element is preferably a support sleeve, and the sheet-like structure itself is particularly preferably used to pull out the support sleeve. For this purpose, a section of the sheet-like structure that adjoins the section arranged radially between the support sleeve and the expanded elastomer sleeve can be folded inwards into the support sleeve around a first axial end of the latter. In particular, the section can be so long that it protrudes or can at least be grasped at the opposite second axial end. To remove the support sleeve, this section is then pulled in a pull-out direction that points from the first to the second axial end. This pull-out force is transferred to the support sleeve at the first axial end via the fold-over, so that it slides out of the elastomer sleeve in the pull-out direction (along the respective section of the sheet-like structure still remaining between the support sleeve and elastomer sleeve).

[0067] Regardless of these details, the elastomer sleeve is preferably provided so that it can be tilted relative to the rest of the insert using an elastomer joint, which can provide flexibility when laying the cables. The combination of the elastomer sleeve, which can be tilted using the elastomer joint and serves as a seal against the cable, on the one hand, and the fastening by means of a locking mechanism / locking ring, on the other hand, can be particularly advantageous in that the locking fastening can at least allow a certain amount of twisting of the insert. Unlike with a screw lock, for example, twisting is possible and does not lead to the insert becoming loose, which, in combination with the elastomer joint, allows for very flexible cable routing. In a sense, there is an additional degree of freedom, which can be particularly advantageous when using multiple elastomer sleeves (e.g. if the cables run parallel to one another).from different directions through the insert, the force input can be reduced by appropriate twisting. In summary, the combination of twisting plus tilting can be advantageous with regard to flexible cable routing and also for reducing the force input into the insert. The snap-in fastening is preferably designed such that the insert is held securely in the casing pipe regardless of the rotational position, i.e., a snap-in fit exists in every rotational position (and the insert can also be moved into any rotational position, i.e., can be rotated completely all the way around).

[0068] A force input can arise, for example, during the laying of one or more medium-voltage cables due to the use of this joint, because such cables can be comparatively thick and rigid. In general, the force input exerted via the cable can at least be reduced by the elastomer joint (compared to a rigid arrangement), which in turn can be advantageous with regard to the snap-in fastening. Even with thick and / or rigid cables, excessive transverse forces can be avoided by tilting, thus preventing the snap-in fit from being accidentally released. Even regardless of these details, the present invention can be used in particular in a transformer station, e.g. a compact station that is not or only partially accessible.

[0069] The elastomer joint can, for example, be provided in the form of an axial and / or radial protrusion; in particular, a wall of the insert can have a Z-shaped profile when viewed in an axial section. The protrusion(s) store excess material, similar to a bellows, to enable deflection / tilting.

[0070] Generally, “made of concrete or stone” means that the wall or floor element is, for example, a concrete wall or slab, or is constructed of stones (bricks or concrete blocks). According to a preferred embodiment, the casing pipe is arranged in a wall element, specifically on the outside below an upper edge of the floor structure and / or tilted in a horizontal direction. With regard to this tilt, the casing pipe could generally also be integrated at an angle into an essentially straight wall element, but the wall element preferably has an overhang in the area of ​​the casing pipe. In other words, an outer wall surface of the wall element, in the area in which the casing pipe is provided, points partially horizontally and simultaneously partially vertically downwards. Accordingly, the insert is pushed diagonally upwards into the casing pipe from bottom to top, which can be particularly critical in terms of accessibility, but is easily possible due to the width.

[0071] The “jacket pipe” variant can also be summarized in the following aspects:

[0072] 1. Use of an insert and a locking ring, in which the insert is mounted in a through-opening in a wall or floor element made of concrete or stone, wherein a line is laid through the insert and the insert is sealed against the line, wherein a casing pipe installed in the wall or floor element forms the through-opening, and wherein, for mounting the insert, the locking ring is rusted in the casing pipe and thus holds the insert in position, for which purpose the locking ring engages behind a flank formed on an inner wall surface of the casing pipe. Use according to aspect 1, in which the locking ring rusted in the casing pipe presses a fastening section of the insert, which is provided from an elastomer material, against the inner wall surface of the casing pipe. Use according to aspect 1 or 2, in which the insert and the locking ring are multi-part compared to one another, but are pushed into the casing pipe together.Use according to aspects 2 and 3, wherein the fastening portion of the insert made of the elastomer material is pulled onto the locking ring and sits axially positively on the locking ring. Use according to aspect 4, wherein an engagement portion of the fastening portion engages behind a flank formed in an outer wall surface of the locking ring, wherein an outer wall surface of the engagement portion rises outwardly counter to an insertion direction in which the locking ring and the insert are inserted into the casing pipe.Use according to aspect 4 or 5, in which an engagement portion of the fastening portion engages behind a flank formed in an outer wall surface of the locking ring, wherein a sealing portion of the fastening portion follows the engagement portion counter to an insertion direction in which the locking ring and the insert are inserted into the casing tube, and wherein the sealing portion forms an outwardly projecting elevation on its outer wall surface. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which a threaded portion formed on the inner wall surface of the casing tube forms the flank formed on the inner wall surface of the casing tube. Use according to aspect 7, in which, before the insert is mounted with the locking ring, when the casing tube is installed in the wall or floor element, a closure cap is held in the casing tube via the threaded portion, which is subsequently removed for the installation of the insert.Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the locking ring rusted in the casing pipe is held in a rusted manner independent of the rotational position, i.e. a locking seat exists in every rotational position. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the locking ring is made of a hard plastic. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the locking ring has a pre-rusting section which is arranged upstream of the flank in an insertion direction in which the locking ring and the insert are inserted into the casing pipe. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the locking ring has a predetermined breaking point for opening or separating a part of the locking ring and consequently eliminating the locking seat.Use according to aspect 12, wherein the predetermined breaking point extends at least partially axially along the locking ring with respect to a longitudinal axis of the through-opening, so that when the predetermined breaking point is separated, a parting line is created which allows a locking ring segment to be folded in towards the center axis of the casing pipe.

[0073] 14. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the insert is provided at least partially from an elastomer material, wherein in order to disassemble the locking ring the elastomer material is separated and the locking ring is broken out.

[0074] 15. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the locking ring, when it assumes its locking position in the casing pipe, makes an audible click and this serves as an assembly check.

[0075] 16. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the casing pipe is provided in a wall element with an overhang and the insert is inserted into the casing pipe from diagonally below to diagonally above.

[0076] The application further relates to the use of an insert for installation in a wall or floor element made of concrete or stone, wherein the insert has a joint (see below for details). This variant, also referred to below as "insert with joint," can be used in combination with the previously discussed "jacket pipe" variant (i.e., the locking ring) and / or the elastomer sleeve with support element and sheet material, or it can also be used independently.

[0077] As explained in detail below, a particularly advantageous application can be found in the construction of compact stations, especially compact transformer stations. These are then smaller than conventional transformer stations, even though the floor and / or walls are typically cast from concrete; for example, they are not accessible or only partially accessible. Above ground, a construction height of < 2 m or even < 1.5 m is achieved, resulting in an overall space-saving and unobtrusive appearance. This is intended to illustrate an advantageous field of application opened up by the present subject matter, but does not initially limit its generality.

[0078] The present invention is based on the technical problem of specifying an advantageous use or a corresponding application as the subject of use.

[0079] This is achieved according to the invention with the use according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding insert has an elastomer sleeve for passing through and sealing against a line, as well as a fastening section for fastening in the through-opening. A special feature is a joint formed between the elastomer sleeve and the fastening section, which enables a tilted positioning of the elastomer sleeve relative to the fastening section and thus relative to the through-opening. Consequently, when the line is laid through the elastomer sleeve and this is sealed against the line, it does not have to pass through the insert axially parallel (not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the through-opening), but can also run through it at an angle. This allows, for example, with regard to radii of curvature, etc.The extension within the passage opening itself can be used for the desired cable laying and alignment, which can generally help to optimize space requirements and, in particular, open up applications with confined spaces and thus the compact station construction mentioned above.

[0080] Preferred embodiments can be found throughout the disclosure and in particular in the dependent claims, whereby the presentation of the features does not always distinguish in detail between the different claim categories; in any case, the disclosure is always to be read implicitly in terms of both application or method aspects and corresponding device features. In general, the line can, for example, also be a pipeline, which is used either as a fluid line (e.g., district heating, also in station construction) or as a protective pipe for laying the actual line, in particular a cable. However, the line is preferably a cable, in particular an electrical cable, which is laid through the elastomer sleeve without further sheathing. In other words, the latter rests directly against the outer wall surface of the cable, which can also be advantageous in terms of a space-saving arrangement.

[0081] Preferably, the conduit has a significantly smaller diameter relative to the through-opening, also to utilize the possibility of tilting. An outer diameter of the conduit can, for example, be at most 3 / 4, 2 / 3, 1 / 2, 1 / 4, or 1 / 5 of the diameter of the opening, i.e., its clear width. In the case of an opening and / or conduit with a non-circular cross-section, the "diameter" within the scope of this disclosure is the mean value of the smallest and largest extension perpendicular to the respective axis, e.g., the center axis of the conduit or the longitudinal axis of the through-opening (of the conduit or through-opening), which, in the preferred case of a circular shape, corresponds to the circle diameter.

[0082] Generally, "a" and "an" are to be read as indefinite articles in the context of this disclosure unless expressly stated otherwise, and thus always as "at least one" or "at least one." Thus, for example, multiple lines can be routed through the through-hole and the insert, i.e., at least two or at least three lines, with possible (independent) upper limits of, for example, a maximum of six, five, or four lines. The insert preferably has multiple elastomer sleeves (at least two or three, e.g., no more than six, five, or four), not all of which necessarily need to be occupied in the application (an insert with multiple elastomer sleeves can also route exactly one line).

[0083] The elastomer sleeve through which the line is laid preferably has a cylindrical inner wall surface in at least one section. The inner wall surface, which is smooth due to its cylindrical shape and therefore straight when viewed in an axial section, can lie flatly against the line and thus form a good seal. This section can extend axially over at least 1 cm, 2 cm or 3 cm, with possible upper limits of, for example, 20 cm, 15 cm or 10 cm. In general, the terms "axial", "radial" or "circumferential" refer to the respective axis unless expressly stated otherwise. For example, in the case of the elastomer sleeve, this refers to its central axis, which in the case of the cylindrical shape just described coincides with the cylinder axis.

[0084] In general, despite the inherent tiltability, the cable can also be laid parallel to the longitudinal axis of the through-opening; in principle, the possibility of tilting if necessary is advantageous in itself. In a preferred embodiment, however, the cable is actually laid tilted, namely the elastomer sleeve center axis is tilted by at least 15°, further and particularly preferably at least 25° or 35° relative to the through-opening longitudinal axis. Upper limits independent of these lower limits can, for example, be at most 65°, 55° or 45°. In general, the through-opening is preferably at least rotationally symmetrical, in particular rotationally symmetrical, about said longitudinal axis.

[0085] A preferred embodiment relates to the design of the insert or entire structure on the rear side, i.e. on a side axially opposite the elastomer sleeve. In use, the front side, towards which the elastomer sleeve protrudes, can typically face the ground, whereas the said rear side faces the interior of the station or building. Irrespective of these details, the “rear space” is considered to be an area on the rear of the insert (adjacent to the elastomer sleeve and adjacent to it), which by definition lies coaxially to the non-tilted elastomer sleeve and has a radial dimension of at least 1.5 times its outer diameter. In a preferred embodiment, this rear space is free; in other words, no part of the insert or any other part of the feedthrough arrangement is provided there, in particular no carrying, sleeve or support element for the line.In the fully assembled state, only the cable runs in the rear space; it is empty away from the cable(s). In other words, its "free" design allows for particularly flexible cable routing. In the axial direction, relative to the elastomer sleeve's center axis, the rear space can extend, for example, away from the elastomer sleeve over at least the fastening section; more preferably, it extends over the entire axial length of the through-opening. In addition to the information in the previous paragraph, further lower limits for the radial extension can be, for example, at least 2.5 or 3.5 times the outer diameter of the elastomer sleeve, and possible upper limits can be, for example, at most 15 or 10 times.

[0086] In general, the articulated mounting between the elastomer sleeve and the fastening section can also be realized, for example, via sliding joint surfaces, such as a ball or knee joint. In a preferred embodiment, however, the joint is an elastomer joint formed monolithically with the elastomer sleeve from the same elastomer material. "Monolithic" generally means, in the context of this disclosure, continuously made of the same material, i.e., without any material boundary between them.

[0087] The "elastomer material" is generally a plastic with elastic behavior. Its Shore hardness (Shore A) can, for example, be a maximum of 90 Shore, 80 Shore, 75 Shore, or 70 Shore, and (independently of this), for example, a minimum of 20 Shore, 25 Shore, 30 Shore, 35 Shore, or 40 Shore. It can, for example, be a rubber material, preferably a synthetic rubber such as EPDM (ethylene propylene diene, M group). However, it can also be, for example, a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) or a silicone-based material, such as silicone rubber or silicone elastomer. As discussed in detail below, the fastening section is also preferably monolithically formed from the same elastomer material, thus the elastomer joint connects the elastomer fastening section monolithically to the elastomer sleeve. In general, however, the elastomer joint and the fastening section can, for example,They can also be made of one piece (not non-destructively separable), but nevertheless made of different materials, for example in the form of a multi-component injection-molded part. For example, the elastomer joint and sleeve can be injection-molded as a soft component, such as TPE, to the fastening section as a hard component, such as ABS. Regardless of the detailed design, the elastomer joint can be advantageous, for example, in that, in addition to tiltability, it can create a seal without the need for a separate sealing element or additional sealing material (sealing foam or similar).

[0088] In general, the insert and the line are preferably assembled and sealed purely mechanically, meaning that, for example, no initially flowable and then expanding filler material (no PU foam or similar) is introduced into the through-hole for assembly. One advantage of the elastomer joint, compared to multi-part joints, etc., is its comparatively simple and therefore cost-effective production, even in mass production. Due to the elastomer material, the elastomer joint can be compressed on one radial side and stretched on the radially opposite side when tilting (the elastomer sleeve's center axis is tilted toward the first axis, and away from the second axis).

[0089] According to a preferred embodiment, the elastomer joint has a funnel-shaped section with a diameter that decreases in the axial direction towards the elastomer sleeve, where "diameter" in this context refers to an average of the inner and outer diameters. The funnel-shaped section therefore has an end on the fastening section side with a larger diameter and an end on the elastomer sleeve side with a relatively smaller diameter, with the diameter therebetween preferably decreasing linearly. Overall, the diameter between the two ends of the funnel-shaped section can decrease by at least 10% or 15%, for example, with possible upper limits (independent of this) being, for example, a maximum of 40% or 30%. Axially, the funnel-shaped section can extend, for example, over at least 20% or 30% of the axial length of the elastomer sleeve, with possible upper limits of, for example, a maximum of 150%, 100% or 80%.Regardless of these details, the conical inner wall surface of the funnel-shaped section at its elastomer sleeve-side end preferably merges directly into the cylindrical (smooth, see front) inner wall surface of the elastomer sleeve.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the elastomer joint is formed with an axially protruding elevation when viewed in axial section. This elevation can protrude axially away from the fastening section or towards the fastening section; in particular, an elevation towards the fastening section and an elevation away from the fastening section can also protrude radially in alternating succession; the elastomer joint, i.e. a wall forming the elastomer joint, can therefore have an S- or Z-shaped profile when viewed in section. This is generally also possible in multiple repetitions, but it is also possible, for example, for exactly one elevation to protrude towards the fastening section and one away from it. Even independently of these details, the elevation(s) is / are preferably each circumferentially closed, which can, for example, result in largely symmetrical tiltability.A recess is preferably formed on the axially opposite side, complementing the raised portion, which allows for good mobility of the elastomer joint. In principle, the raised portion or the corresponding "fold" holds excess material, which can be deflected accordingly when tilted.

[0091] The "axial section" in this context refers to a section plane containing the elastomer sleeve's center axis (with the elastomer sleeve not tilted), i.e., it is parallel to the axis. Alternatively to, or in combination with, the axially protruding elevation, the elastomer joint can, in a preferred embodiment, also be formed with one or more radially protruding elevations. If, for example, several radially protruding elevations are arranged axially one after the other, the joint can be designed similarly to a straw. In general, the elastomer joint, viewed in axial section, has at least one elevation that protrudes axially and / or radially, wherein the elastomer joint wall is preferably formed with a complementary depression in the axially and / or radially opposite direction.Preferably, the elastomer joint has both the funnel-shaped section (see above) and one or more elevations, wherein the funnel-shaped section is preferably arranged between the elastomer sleeve and the elevation(s).

[0092] According to a preferred embodiment, the fastening section of the insert is formed monolithically with the elastomer joint and the elastomer sleeve from the same elastomer material (see the above definitions). In a preferred embodiment, the fastening section is pressed radially outward against an inner wall surface bordering the through-opening for assembly or in the assembled state. This can generally be achieved, for example, by pressing using an expanding clamping ring; however, the fastening section is preferably mounted using a fastening element, in particular a locking ring, which is then held axially in the through-opening with a positive fit.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, a casing pipe built into the wall or floor element forms the passage opening. Preferably, the casing pipe is cast into a concrete wall or floor element (thus keeping the passage opening clear in the solidified concrete). Generally, "made of concrete or stone" means that the wall or floor element is, for example, a concrete wall or slab, or is constructed of stone (e.g., brick or concrete block).

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the fastening section is secured in the through-hole by creating an axial positive fit, i.e., by a fastening element engaging behind a flank formed on the inner wall surface of the casing tube. This flank is preferably formed on a radially inwardly projecting projection, particularly preferably a threaded portion (see below for details).

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, the fastening element is a locking ring which is inserted into the casing pipe and presses the fastening section against its inner wall surface. The combination of the elastomer sleeve, which can be tilted using the elastomer joint and serves as a seal against the line, and the fastening by means of locking / locking ring, can be particularly advantageous, for example, in that the locking fastening can allow at least a certain degree of twisting of the insert. Unlike with a screw lock, for example, twisting is possible and does not lead to the insert becoming loose, which, in combination with the elastomer joint, allows for very flexible line routing. In a sense, there is an additional degree of freedom, which can be particularly advantageous when used with multiple elastomer sleeves (for example, if the lines run parallel to the pipe).from different directions through the insert, the force input can be reduced by appropriate twisting. In summary, the combination of twisting plus tilting can be advantageous for flexible cable routing and also for reducing the force input into the insert. The snap-in fastening is preferably designed such that the insert is held in the casing pipe by a rust-proof mechanism regardless of the rotational position, thus providing a snap-in fit in every rotational position (and the insert can also be moved into any rotational position, i.e., can be rotated completely around its circumference).

[0096] The introduction of forces can, for example, occur during the laying of one or more medium-voltage cables, as such cables can be comparatively thick and rigid. In general, the introduction of forces via the cable can at least be reduced by the elastomer joint (compared with a rigid arrangement), which in turn can be advantageous with regard to the locking fastening. Even with thick and / or rigid cables, excessive transverse forces can be avoided by tilting, thus preventing the locking seat from being accidentally removed. During installation in the casing pipe, the locking ring is pushed into the locking seat with at least a partial axial movement (this can also be combined with a slight rotation, for example). The axial component preferably makes up the largest part of the movement, and the movement is particularly preferably exclusively axial.Although a one-piece design of the insert and locking ring (e.g., as a two-component injection-molded part) is generally conceivable, the two are preferably made of multiple pieces, allowing them to be disassembled without damage before installation in the casing tube. Nevertheless, they are preferably inserted into the casing tube together during assembly, meaning the insert is inserted with the locking ring inside.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, a threaded section provided on the inner wall surface of the casing tube forms the flank behind which the locking ring engages, see also the comments at the beginning (in general, however, any projection on or a recess in the inner wall surface could also form the flank). The threaded section is preferably formed monolithically with the rest of the casing tube and / or extends circumferentially only over one segment, i.e. not completely circumferentially. Distributed over the circumference, there can then be several threaded sections, each extending over a segment. These threaded sections are preferably arranged at the same axial position and can preferably each extend over the same angle, in particular be rotationally symmetrical to one another about the longitudinal axis of the through-opening.

[0098] Even if the casing pipe is designed with a threaded section for inserting a system cover, this option is not used in this case; instead, the insert is secured with a locking ring. This can, for example, expand the application possibilities; the item in question can be used in an installation environment that is difficult to access or see, whereas a system cover can be screwed into an identical casing pipe under "normal" conditions. This creates flexibility, as the casing pipe installed in the wall or floor element would be difficult to remove or replace. However, the optional fitting with a system cover or an insert with a locking ring still allows for later adaptation.

[0099] A preferred embodiment relates to the passage of the line or sealing of the elastomer sleeve, which is preferably carried out using a support element. This is placed in the elastomer sleeve as the line is passed through and keeps it expanded, allowing the line to pass through easily. The support element, which is preferably in the form of a support sleeve, is then axially removed, with the elastomer sleeve then automatically pressing itself against the outer wall surface of the line. For this purpose, the elastomer sleeve, when free from external forces, preferably has an inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the line.

[0100] This “passive” sealing of the elastomer sleeve by shrinking it on can be particularly advantageous in conjunction with the elastomer joint, because the elastomer joint can reduce any interaction between the elastomer sleeve and the insert. Therefore, on the one hand, the elastomer sleeve, which is shrunk onto the line and thus sits relatively “tightly” on the line, cannot lead to any undesirable / excessive force being introduced into the fastening of the insert in the through-opening. On the other hand, tilting can also reduce the force being introduced into the elastomer sleeve itself, meaning that a reliable seal can be achieved, for example, without a clamp arranged on the elastomer sleeve. The advantages of use in spatially confined / difficult-to-access conditions have already been discussed, and the self-adjusting elastomer sleeve can represent a further component. In these confined conditions, for example,no tensioning mechanism of a clamp is operated by turning a screw or similar, instead after the line has been fed through the support element can simply be removed from the elastomer sleeve and the sleeve can thus be sealed against the line relatively easily. According to a preferred embodiment, when the support element is arranged in the elastomer sleeve and keeps it expanded, a sheet-like structure is arranged radially between the support element and the elastomer sleeve. If the support element is then removed from the elastomer sleeve, it slides along the sheet-like structure, which can simplify removal. The support element can slide easily on the sheet-like structure, which can be a fabric / non-woven fabric layer or, in particular, a film or plastic film, because it has less friction (static and / or sliding friction) relative to the sheet-like structure than it would have on the elastomer sleeve.

[0101] The support element is preferably a support sleeve, and the sheet-like structure itself is particularly preferably used to pull out the support sleeve. For this purpose, a section of the sheet-like structure that adjoins the section arranged radially between the support sleeve and the expanded elastomer sleeve can be folded inwards into the support sleeve around a first axial end of the latter. In particular, the section can be so long that it protrudes or can at least be grasped at the opposite second axial end. To remove the support sleeve, this section is then pulled in a pull-out direction that points from the first to the second axial end. This pull-out force is transferred to the support sleeve at the first axial end via the fold-over, so that it slides out of the elastomer sleeve in the pull-out direction (along the respective section of the sheet-like structure that still remains between the support sleeve and the elastomer sleeve).

[0102] Generally, in a preferred embodiment, the elastomer sleeve is not pressed onto the line with a separate clamping device. Thus, in the fully assembled state, no clamping ring or clamping clamp is arranged on the outer wall surface of the elastomer sleeve facing away from the line. In other words, the elastomer sleeve adheres to the line solely through its automatic deformation, preferably as a result of the removal of the support element. This clamping-ring-free and, in particular, tool-free assembly can be particularly advantageous in confined spaces, because it eliminates the need for additional tools in an already limited space.

[0103] According to a preferred embodiment, a radially outwardly projecting bead is provided on the outer wall surface of the elastomer sleeve; this bead is preferably circumferentially closed. Particularly preferably, several beads can be provided axially successively and each closed. The bead(s) provided as part of the elastomer sleeve made of the same elastomer material can be advantageous, for example, with regard to clamping ring- or tool-free assembly, namely by increasing the intrinsic contact force of the elastomer sleeve.

[0104] According to a preferred embodiment, the casing pipe is arranged in a wall element, specifically below an upper edge of the floor structure on the outside and / or tilted in a horizontal direction. With regard to this tilt, the casing pipe could generally also be integrated at an angle into an essentially straight wall element, but the wall element preferably has an overhang in the region of the casing pipe. In other words, an outer wall surface of the wall element, in the region in which the casing pipe is provided, points partially horizontally and simultaneously partially vertically downwards. Accordingly, the insert is inserted into the casing pipe at an angle from bottom to top, which can be particularly critical with regard to accessibility.

[0105] The “joint insert” variant can also be summarized in the following aspects:

[0106] 1. Use of an insert, which insert has an elastomer sleeve with a passage opening for passing a cable through, a fastening section for fastening the insert in a passage opening, and a joint via which the elastomer sleeve is tiltably arranged on the fastening section, in which use the insert is mounted in a passage opening of a wall or floor element made of concrete or stone, and a cable is laid through the elastomer sleeve and the elastomer sleeve is sealed against the cable. Use according to aspect 1, in which, after the cable has been laid through the elastomer sleeve and the elastomer sleeve has been sealed against the cable, a center axis of the elastomer sleeve is tilted by at least 15° relative to a longitudinal axis of the passage opening.Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which, in each case relative to a central axis of the elastomer sleeve, a rear space of the insert which is axially opposite the elastomer sleeve, coaxial with the elastomer sleeve, and radially dimensioned to at least 1.5 times its outer diameter, is free, so that the laid cable can be positioned as desired. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the joint is an elastomer joint which is formed monolithically with the elastomer sleeve from the same elastomer material. Use according to aspect 4, in which the elastomer joint has a funnel-shaped section with a diameter decreasing from the fastening section to the elastomer sleeve. Use according to aspect 4 or 5, in which the elastomer joint, in each case relative to a central axis of the elastomer sleeve, is formed with an axially protruding elevation when viewed in an axial section.Use according to one of aspects 4 to 6, in which the elastomer joint, in each case relative to a center axis of the elastomer sleeve, is shaped with a radially protruding elevation when viewed in an axial section. Use according to one of aspects 4 to 7, in which the fastening section is also provided from the same elastomer material and is formed monolithically with the elastomer joint and the elastomer sleeve. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which the fastening section is fastened in the wall or floor element by pressing radially outward against an inner wall surface delimiting the through-opening. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which a jacket pipe installed in the wall or floor element forms the through-opening and the fastening section is fastened in the through-opening by establishing a positive fit.Use according to aspects 9 and 10, in which the fastening section is mounted in the through-opening with a locking ring, which is locked in the casing pipe and presses the fastening section against its inner wall surface. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which a support element is arranged in the elastomer sleeve, which keeps the elastomer sleeve expanded as the line is passed through, wherein the support element is removed from the elastomer sleeve after the line has been passed through, so that the elastomer sleeve automatically rests against an outer wall surface of the line. 13. Use according to aspect 12, in which, when the support element keeps the elastomer sleeve expanded as the line is passed through, a sheet-like structure is arranged radially between the support element and the elastomer sleeve, along which sheet-like structure the support element slides out of the elastomer sleeve after the line has been passed through.

[0107] 14. Use according to aspect 12 or 13, in which the elastomer sleeve is not pressed on with a separate clamping device.

[0108] 15. Use according to one of the preceding aspects, in which, in each case relative to a central axis of the elastomer sleeve, a radially outwardly rising, circumferential bead is provided on an outer wall surface of the elastomer sleeve, preferably a plurality of circumferentially closed beads are provided, each of which is axially spaced from one another.

[0109] In the following, the invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment, whereby the individual features within the scope of the independent claims can also be essential to the invention in other combinations and no distinction is made in detail between the different claim categories.

[0110] In detail,

[0111] Figure 1 shows a support sleeve with a flat structure, specifically a plastic film wrapped around the support sleeve;

[0112] Figure 2a shows a schematic representation of a support sleeve with a sheet-like structure that keeps an elastomer sleeve expanded;

[0113] Figure 2b shows the arrangement according to Figure 2a after a cable has been passed through;

[0114] Figure 2c shows an intermediate state following the situation shown in Figure 2b when the support sleeve is withdrawn; Figure 2d shows the cable with the elastomer sleeve in place after the support sleeve has been removed;

[0115] Figure 3a shows an axially slotted support sleeve in a schematic axial view, in compressed and expanded configuration;

[0116] Figure 3b is a detailed view of Figure 3a, namely a profiling of the edges on the axial slot;

[0117] Figure 4a shows a schematic section of an insert mounted in a through-opening of a wall element with exemplary cable routing;

[0118] Figure 4b is a detailed view of Figure 4a;

[0119] Figure 5 shows the use of an arrangement according to Figure 4a in an oblique view;

[0120] Figure 6 shows the insert according to Figure 5 in a sectional oblique view;

[0121] Figure 7 shows an elastomer sleeve of the insert of Figures 5 and 6 in a sectional detailed view;

[0122] Figure 8 shows a locking ring for mounting an insert according to Figures 5 and 3 in an arrangement according to Figure 4a;

[0123] Figure 9 shows a fastening section of the insert which is mounted with the locking ring according to Figure 8, in a sectional detailed view;

[0124] Figure 10 shows a locking ring with some additional features compared to the variant according to Figure 8;

[0125] Figure 11 shows an insert with the locking ring according to Figure 10, in a jacket pipe of a bushing;

[0126] Figure 12 shows the insert with locking ring according to Figure 11, following the situation according to Figure 11, i.e. in a completely rusted state.

[0127] Figure 1 shows a sectional side view of a support sleeve 1, around which a sheet-like structure 2 has been wrapped, in the present example a plastic film 3. This arrangement is placed, as explained in detail below, in an elastomer sleeve (not yet shown here), the center axis 5 of which lies in the sectional plane according to Figure 1. The sheet-like structure 2 covers an outer wall surface 1b of the support sleeve 1 (not completely in the present case, but this is only an example) and is wrapped around a first axial end 1.1 of the support sleeve 1, thus extending into a passage opening 6 radially delimited by the support sleeve 1.

[0128] The end section 2.1 of the sheet 2, which is folded around the first end 1.1, extends along the inner wall surface 1a of the support sleeve 1 and protrudes from the support sleeve 1 at the second, axially opposite end 1.2. One end 2.1.1 of the sheet 2 is thus again arranged outside the support sleeve 1. In the present example, the support sleeve 1 is a plastic tube made of polypropylene, and the sheet is a plastic film made of polyethylene. This film has a thickness of approximately 50 μm. The axial length of the support sleeve 1 is approximately 5 cm.

[0129] Figure 2a shows the support sleeve 1 and the sheet-like structure 2 in an initial situation corresponding to Figure 1, with an elastomer sleeve 20 also shown. This sleeve is held radially expanded by the support sleeve 1, thus having a smaller diameter than the support sleeve 1. For differentiation, the sheet-like structure 2 is shown with a slightly thicker line, but the actual thickness ratios more closely correspond to Figure 1, with the elastomer sleeve 20 possibly being somewhat thicker than the support sleeve 1.

[0130] Figure 2b shows the arrangement according to Figure 2a after a line 30 has been passed through. For the sake of clarity, the line 30 is shown in this schematic representation with a relatively significantly smaller outer diameter, but in practice a line 30 can still be laid easily through the passage opening 6 kept free by the support sleeve 1.

[0131] As mentioned above, the support sleeve 1 keeps the elastomer sleeve 20 expanded, wherein the inner diameter of the latter, in the force-free state, is not only smaller than the outer diameter of the support sleeve 1, but also smaller than that of the line 30. If the support sleeve 1 is removed from the elastomer sleeve 20, the latter rests against the line 30. To remove the support sleeve 1, the sheet-like structure 2 is used; in the situation according to Figure 2b, this can be gripped at the end 2.1.1 protruding from the support sleeve 1 and pulled in a first axial direction 10.

[0132] Figure 2c shows a situation in which the support sleeve 1 has already slipped approximately halfway out of the elastomer sleeve 20 (the resulting contraction of the latter is not shown in this schematic illustration). The support sleeve 1 can easily slide out of the elastomer sleeve 20 along the sheet-like structure 2, so friction is lower than in the case of direct contact with the elastomer sleeve 20. In addition, the sheet-like structure 2 itself is used for withdrawal; the tensile force applied to the end section 2.1 in the first axial direction 10 is transferred to the support sleeve 1 due to the reversal at the first axial end 1.1. In summary, the support sleeve 1 can easily slide along a section 2a of the sheet-like structure 2 that still remains between the support sleeve 1 and the elastomer sleeve 20, and the tensile force is transferred to the support sleeve 1 via an already released section 2b and the end section 2.1.

[0133] Figure 2d shows a situation after the complete removal of the support sleeve 1 with the sheet-like structure 2. Since it is no longer held expanded, the elastomer sleeve 20, due to its undersize, rests against the line 30, i.e., flat against its outer wall surface 30.1. Although this was described here with the support sleeve 1, the basic idea of ​​simplified sliding out could also be realized with a different support element (generally referenced with the reference numeral 4 in Fig. 1).

[0134] Figure 3a shows a schematic axial view of a support sleeve 1 in two different configurations, illustrating a possible manufacturing step. The support sleeve 1 is provided with an axial slot 40 that extends radially and along its entire axial length. Due to the slot 40, the support sleeve 1 can be brought into a radially compressed configuration 1.1, in which the end sections 41a, 41b located at the slot 40 in the expanded configuration overlap. With regard to manufacturing, the elastomer sleeve 1 can be manufactured in particular in the radially compressed configuration, for example, by injection molding or extrusion. In the radially compressed configuration 1.1, its outer diameter is equal to or (slightly) smaller than the inner diameter of the elastomer sleeve 20, so that the radially compressed support sleeve 1 and the sheet-like structure can be easily inserted into the elastomer sleeve 20.To expand the elastomer sleeve 20, the support sleeve 1 is then widened. A spreading tool is inserted into the support sleeve, thus expanding the support sleeve. The end sections 41a, 41b slide against each other until the radially expanded configuration is reached and they abut each other in the slot 40, thus supporting each other in the circumferential direction. The spreading tool can then be removed, and the support sleeve keeps the elastomer sleeve expanded as described above.

[0135] Figure 3b shows a schematic section perpendicular to the axial direction of a possible design of the end sections 41a, b in detail. The abutting edges 41.1, 41.2 of the end sections 41a, b are provided with a profile 45, in this example a complementary tongue and groove profile. The profile 45 further stabilizes the end sections 41a, b in the expanded configuration, preventing slippage and thus radial misalignment.

[0136] Figure 4a shows a section of a transformer station 101, which can be designed, in particular, as a compact station. The transformer station 101 comprises a wall element 102 and a floor element 103, wherein the wall element 102 slopes diagonally toward the floor element 103 in a lower section 2.1 with an overhang 104. A through opening 105 is formed there, which is kept clear in the wall element 102, which is made by casting concrete, by a concrete-encased casing pipe 106. A cable 110, specifically an electrical cable, is laid through the through-opening 105 into the inside 101a of the transformer station 101, and on the outside 101b it runs in the ground 107. A further cable route is indicated by dashed lines as an example, which may be necessary, for example, depending on the requirements on the inside 101a of the station and / or in the ground 107. In the following, reference is also made to Figure 4b. In the through-opening 105,An insert 120 is mounted, which has an elastomer sleeve 130. This is connected to a fastening section 150 via a joint 140, which is only generically designated by the reference numeral 140 and not shown in detail. The insert 120 is mounted in the casing tube 106 via the fastening section 150, namely in a form-fitting manner by means of a locking ring 160. For this purpose, the locking ring engages behind a projection 106a formed on the inner wall surface 106.1 of the casing tube 106, which is a threaded section 108. In detail, the locking ring 160 engages behind a flank 106aa of the projection 106a facing the inner side 101a. The elastomer sleeve 130 is mounted on the fastening section 150 via the joint 140 in a tiltable manner, so that it can be sealed against the cable even if the cable is tilted, thus different cable runs can be realized with the insert 120 as required.

[0137] Figure 5 shows the insert 120 in an oblique view from the front, looking at it from the station's exterior side 101b. In this example, the insert 120 has three elastomer sleeves 130, each defining a passage opening 131 for the passage of a cable. The elastomer sleeves 130 are identical in construction, which is why the following sectional view according to Figure 103 refers to only one of them for the sake of clarity.

[0138] The section according to Figure 6 includes a center axis 5 of the elastomer sleeve 130 (and also a center axis 105.1 of the through-opening 105). The joint 140 is provided in the form of an elastomer joint 141, via which the elastomer sleeve 130 is monolithically connected to the fastening section 150. The insert 120 is provided as a monolithic elastomer part and can therefore be produced in a molding process by injection molding or, for example, pressing into a mold. Figure 7 shows the elastomer sleeve 130 and the elastomer joint 141 in further detail. The elastomer joint 141 has, on the one hand, a funnel-shaped section 142 in which the diameter 143 decreases from an end 142a facing the fastening section 150 to an end 142b facing the elastomer sleeve 130. Furthermore, the elastomer joint 141 in the present example has two axially protruding elevations 144a, b, which result in an S-shaped wall profile with good tiltability.The elastomer sleeve 130 itself has a cylindrical inner wall surface 130.1, i.e., a straight and axially parallel inner wall surface viewed in axial section. In the present example, three monolithically formed beads 132 are provided on the radially opposite outer wall surface 130.2, which increase the intrinsic contact force of the elastomer sleeve 130 and promote particularly good contact with the cable.

[0139] Figure 8 shows a section of the locking ring 160 in a section containing the longitudinal axis of the through-opening, with the longitudinal axis lying below the illustrated section. Furthermore, to illustrate the interaction with the insert 120, its fastening section 150 is also shown, albeit offset radially outward. In fact, the fastening section 150 sits on the outer wall surface 60.2 of the locking ring 160, specifically in a mounting section 160a thereof. This is positioned downstream of a locking section 160b with respect to an insertion direction 170 and correspondingly upstream with respect to the opposite extension direction 171.

[0140] In the locking section 160b, the locking ring 160 forms a flank 175, with which it rests against the projection 6a of the casing tube 106 in the assembled state and is thus held in an axially positive manner. Axially opposite the flank 175, a further flank 176 is formed in the outer wall surface 160.2, which can also serve as a stop for inserting the locking ring 160 into the casing tube 106. A threaded section forming the projection 106a of the casing tube 106 can lie axially between the two flanks 175, 176 of the locking ring 160 in the rusted state. In the assembly section 160a, a flank 165 is formed in the outer wall surface 160.2, against which flank an engagement section 150a of the fastening section 150 rests axially in a positive manner. In general, with regard to the design of the fastening section, reference is also made to Figure 9. The outer wall surface 150.2 of the fastening section 150 is also held in the region of the engagement section 150a in an upward direction opposite to the insertion direction 170, so that the engagement section 150a is pressed into its seat in the groove 167 formed between the flanks 155, 166 when inserted into the casing tube or the through opening.

[0141] In the sealing section 150b of the fastening section 150, the outer wall surface 150.2 is formed with a protrusion 151, which in this case is provided as a sealing lip that slopes outwardly, counter to the insertion direction 170. This lip rests or is pressed against the inner wall surface of the casing pipe when inserted into the casing pipe. A projection 168 provided in the outer wall surface 160.2 of the locking ring 160 can further promote this pressing action. A recess 169 is formed in the outer wall surface 160.2, into which "excess" elastomer material can be deformed, in front of the projection 168 in the insertion direction 170.

[0142] At the axial end, the locking ring 160 is further provided with a flange 164, which, by correspondingly engaging in a complementary recess 154 of the fastening section 150, also serves to provide a positive fit and, in addition, can press a flank 155 of the fastening section 150 facing the wall / floor element against its side surface. The inner wall surface 160.1 of the locking ring 160, radially opposite the outer wall surface 160.2, is cylindrical, i.e., has a smooth cross-section. This can prevent tangling, for example, when routing the cable through it.

[0143] Figure 10 shows a locking ring 160 in a side view, wherein the features that are the same as in Figure 8 or features with the same function are provided with the same reference numerals and reference is therefore also made to the above description. In contrast to the variant according to Figure 8, the distance between the flanks 175, 176 is somewhat larger, so conversely the outer wall surface 160.2 is somewhat shortened axially. The axial length of the section upstream of the flank 176 with respect to the insertion direction 170 can be used, for example, to influence the radial deflectability of the locking flank 175, so conversely the force required for insertion into the locking state can be set somewhat smaller in Figure 10 than in Figure 8 (because the radially thicker section in Figure 10 is axially shorter).

[0144] In the side view according to Figure 10, a parting line 210 of the flank 175 can also be seen. This extends axially some distance into the locking section 160b, thus dividing it into locking tongues 160ba, bb with respect to the circumferential direction 220. The width 211 of the parting line 210 taken in the circumferential direction 220 is dimensioned such that the flank 175 always remains rusted, regardless of the rotational position. This can be adjusted alternatively or in addition to appropriate dimensioning of the parting line 210 in the case of several circumferentially distributed parting lines (not visible in the side view according to Figure 10) by their rotational positions or angular distances in relation to the rotational positions / angular distances of the projections or threaded sections of the casing pipe. The deflectability of the locking tongues 160ba, 160bb can be influenced via the width 211 of the parting line 210 (the larger the easier), thus the force required for rusting can be influenced.

[0145] The locking ring 160 according to Figure 10 further comprises pre-rusting sections 230. These are positioned upstream of the actual locking section 160b with the flank 175 relative to the insertion direction 170, thus reaching the projections or threaded sections of the casing pipe first when the locking ring 160 is inserted. Compared to the width 215 of the respective locking tongue 160ba, 160bb taken in the circumferential direction 220, the width 235 of the respectively associated pre-rusting section 230 taken in the circumferential direction 220 is significantly smaller. Accordingly, the locking ring 160 would not yet be held to the projections or threaded sections independently of the rotational position by the pre-rusting sections 230 alone. The pre-locking sections 230 can be adjusted to a certain rotational position on the projections, but the locking ring 160 can then still be released by turning.

[0146] Due to the relatively smaller width 235 of the pre-locking sections 230, they are more easily susceptible to rusting at the projections or threaded sections, meaning the force required to reach a pre-rusted position is less than for a fully rusted state. Nevertheless, the pre-locking sections 230 can already provide a certain degree of hold in the pre-rusted position, allowing a technician to, for example, check whether the positioning of the insert matches the desired cable routing. The pre-locking sections 230 can also, for example, prevent the locking ring 160 with the attached insert from tilting out at an angle when the insert and thus the locking ring are pressed into the locking position by a technician, particularly when the corresponding pressing force is successively applied circumferentially at different rotational positions.

[0147] Figure 11 shows the locking ring 160 according to Figure 10 in a pre-rusted state, wherein one of the pre-locking sections 230 can be seen in the sectional side view. This engages behind the projection 106a or threaded section 108, which, together with the other pre-rusting sections (not visible here), creates the pre-rusting just described.

[0148] Independently of this, Figure 11 also illustrates further details of the casing pipe 106, which in this example is a pipe element 251 of a bushing 250. This additionally has a flange plate 252 formed monolithically with the pipe element 251, i.e. from the same uninterrupted, continuous plastic material. The bushing 250 can be mounted to a formwork during concreting via the flange plate 252; furthermore, the flange plate 252 can be modularly assembled with the flange plates of other bushings via form-locking elements 252a, b. A further pipe section, not shown here, can be connected to the pipe element 251 in the insertion direction 170 and can be inserted from the right in Figure 11 up to a stop 253.A seal 254 provided on the inside of the pipe element 151 seals against the inserted pipe section, a web seal 255 provided on the outside of the pipe element 151 is enclosed by the concrete after pouring.

[0149] Following the situation according to Figure 11, Figure 12 shows the completely rusted state, in which the flank 175 of the locking section 160b engages behind the projections 106a or threaded sections 108. As described above, the insert 120 is then pressed by the locking ring 160 against the casing pipe 106 or the bushing 250 in a sealing manner. In contrast to the variant according to Figures 8 and 9, the insert 120 according to Figures 11 and 12 is not provided with several steps on the front side of the fastening section 150, but rather with a chamfer 260. This chamfer slopes radially outwards, with the radially outer end being flush with the flange plate 252 in the rusted state. This can allow the installer to visually check the correct assembly or locking position.

Claims

Claims Use of an elastomer sleeve (20) for mounting on a line (30), wherein i) firstly the line (30) is laid through the elastomer sleeve (20) and in the process a support element (4) is arranged in the elastomer sleeve (20), which support element keeps the elastomer sleeve (20) expanded; ii) subsequently the support element (4) is removed from the elastomer sleeve (20) and the elastomer sleeve (20) lies against the line (30); wherein in step i), relative to a central axis (5) of the elastomer sleeve (20), a sheet-like structure (2) is arranged radially between the support element (4) and the elastomer sleeve (20), and wherein in step ii) the support element (4) slides out of the elastomer sleeve (20) along the sheet-like structure (2). Use according to claim 1, wherein the support element (4) is a support sleeve (1) which slides out of the elastomer sleeve (20) along the sheet-like structure (2) in step ii).Use according to claim 2, wherein the support sleeve (1) is pulled out of the elastomer sleeve (20) by means of the sheet-like structure (2), namely the support sleeve (1) slides out of the elastomer sleeve (20) in a first axial direction (10) which points from a first (1.1) to a second (1.2) axial end of the support sleeve (1) along the section (2a) which still remains between the support sleeve (1) and the elastomer sleeve (20) at a particular time, and the force required for this is applied to the second axial end (1.2) of the support sleeve (1) by pulling out a section (2b) of the sheet-like structure (2) which has already become free at the particular time by the support sleeve (1) in the first axial direction (10). Use according to claim 3, wherein in step i) an end section (2.1) of the sheet-like structure (2) is already folded inwards around the first axial end (1.1) of the support sleeve (1) into the support sleeve (1), wherein this folded-in end section (2.1) is gripped after step i) and pulled in the first axial direction (10). Use according to claim 4, wherein the folded-in end section (2.1) of the sheet-like structure (2) already protrudes from the second axial end (1.2) of the support sleeve (1) in step i), i.e. one end (2.1.1) of the end section (2.1) is arranged outside the support sleeve (1). Use according to claim 5, wherein the end (2.1.1) of the end section (2.1) in step i) is arranged radially outside the elastomer sleeve (20), i.e. the end section (2.1) is folded outwards around the second axial end (1.2) of the support sleeve (1).Use according to one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the support sleeve (1) is removed radially from the line (30) after step ii), i.e. the line (30) is moved out through an axial slot (40) in the support sleeve (1). Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sheet-like structure (2) is a plastic film (3). Use according to claim 8, wherein the plastic film (3) is made of polyethylene. Use according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sheet-like structure (2) is circumferentially closed with respect to a central axis (5) of the elastomer sleeve (20). Use according to one of the preceding claims, in which the sheet-like structure (2) has a tubular shape, i.e., after removal from the elastomer sleeve (20), it has a hollow-cylindrical shape. Elastomer sleeve arrangement for use according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an elastomer sleeve (20) for mounting on a line (30), a support element (4) arranged in the elastomer sleeve (20) and holding it expanded, and a sheet-like structure (2) arranged radially between the support element (4) and the elastomer sleeve (20) with respect to a center axis (5) of the elastomer sleeve (20). Elastomer sleeve arrangement according to claim 12, in which the support element (4) is a support sleeve (1) having an axial slot (40). Elastomer sleeve arrangement according to claim 13, in which abutting edges (41.1, 41.2) of the support sleeve (1), which abut one another at the slot (40), are provided with a profiling (45).Method for producing an elastomer sleeve arrangement according to claim 13 or 14, in which the support sleeve (1 ) is introduced into the elastomer sleeve (20) in a radially compressed configuration (1 .1 ), in which end sections (41a, b) of the support sleeve (1 ) overlap, wherein the support sleeve (1 ) is subsequently widened radially and thus the elastomer sleeve (20) is expanded until abutting edges (41.1 , 41.2) of the end sections (41 a, b) abut one another.

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