Optimized combustion device control

Abstract

Optimized control of a combustion device (1). Combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), an air supply duct (11) leading to the combustion chamber (2), a fuel supply duct leading to the combustion chamber (2), a first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) selected from an air actuator (3, 4) acting on an air supply V̇L through the air supply duct (11), and a fuel actuator (7 - 9) acting on a fuel supply V̇B through the fuel supply duct, the combustion device (1) comprising a second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4) selected from the fuel actuator (7 - 9) and the air actuator (3, 4), wherein the second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4) is different from the first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9), the combustion device (1) comprising an exhaust gas path (10), at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) in the exhaust gas path (10) and a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) with a memory in which a first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36) is stored.

Description

background

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a closed-loop and / or open-loop control of a combustion device. In particular, it concerns such automation of a combustion device as a function of an oxygen concentration.

[0002] During operation of a combustion device, the fuel-to-air ratio must be adjusted. The following adjustment options using characteristic curves are known.

[0003] According to a first variant, the air actuator characteristic curve(s) and fuel actuator characteristic curve(s) are determined via the power during the adjustment process. For example, the determination can be made from a low power to a maximum power or vice versa. The air ratio λ is set for each power point. Air supply sensors can also be used to support the calculation. Common air supply sensors are based on speed, mass flow, differential pressure, air volume flow, etc. The absolute power is then determined by measuring the fuel supply at at least one point or at several points. Using the calorific value H u The burner output is assigned to the respective characteristic curve points based on the currently fed fuel. The output values ​​of the other characteristic curve points are determined by interpolation, preferably by linear interpolation. In addition, the output values ​​of the other characteristic curve points can be determined by measurement.

[0004] According to a second variant, the air actuator characteristic curve and the fuel actuator characteristic curve are predefined. These characteristic curves are usually determined empirically in the laboratory. The burner output is fixed by a fixed function of one of the two characteristic curves. Different characteristic curves and / or sets of characteristic curves, which are also predefined, are used for different fuels.

[0005] According to a third variant, the change in fuel composition or air density is detected by means of a λ sensor. This can be, for example, an O2 sensor in the exhaust gas, from which λ is calculated directly. An ionization electrode, for example, whose signal is evaluated accordingly, can also be used. In order to keep the air ratio λ constant, either the air supply can be changed or the fuel supply can be corrected until the λ sensor measures the original value of the air ratio λ again. If at least one air supply signal is adjusted in order to keep the air ratio λ constant, the burner output at this point on the characteristic curve almost always changes with the fuel composition. If the fuel supply signal is adjusted in order to keep the air ratio λ constant, the burner output changes depending on the fuel.In order to adjust the performance, a new characteristic curve of the air actuator must be selected or calculated manually or automatically in the event of a performance correction.

[0006] Common gas types used in burner systems are those from the E-gas group (according to EN 437:2009-09) and gases from the B / P-gas group (according to EN 437:2009-09). Like almost all gases from the second gas family (according to EN 437:2009-09), gases from the E-gas group contain methane as their main component. Like all gases from the third gas family (according to EN 437:2009-09), gases from the B / P-gas group are based on propane gas. The mixtures based on methane or propane ultimately represent mixtures of different gas sources that can be used to supply the combustion device.

[0007] Characteristic curves are generally provided for different gas types, which are selected on-site during commissioning according to the existing gas group. The setting is made, for example, by selecting one or more curves stored in the memory of a control unit. The setting can also be made using a parameter set stored in the memory of the control unit or using several parameter sets stored in the memory of the control unit. These characteristic curves represent the progression of the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion chamber in relation to the amount of air supplied. Instead of the amount of air supplied, the speed of a fan in the air supply of the combustion device can be plotted. Furthermore, the position and / or the control signal of an air damper can be used as a measure of the air supply. In addition, the air supply can be determined using a mass flow sensor, which can be arranged, for example, in a side duct.A device comprising a mass flow sensor in a side channel is disclosed, for example, in European patent application EP3301363A1.

[0008] The characteristic curves can be stored, for example, in a table using linear interpolation or as a mathematical function using polynomials. This form of characteristic curve assignment is disclosed in European patent EP3299718B1, which was granted on October 30, 2019. An application EP3299718A1 for European patent EP3299718B1 was filed on September 21, 2016. European patent EP3299718B1 does not claim priority.

[0009] An air volume is suitable as a performance value when air temperature, air pressure, or humidity change only slightly or are measured. When measuring air volume with an air mass flow sensor, the influences of air temperature and air pressure are taken into account. The influence of air humidity plays a minor role, especially at lower temperatures.

[0010] A patent application EP2682679A2 was filed on July 1, 2013, by VAILLANT GmbH. The application was published on January 8, 2014. EP2682679A2 deals with a method for controlling and / or monitoring a fuel gas-fired burner. EP2682679A2 claims priority from July 4, 2012.

[0011] EP2682679A2 deals with approaching operating points below and above a target air ratio. A signal from a mass flow sensor located in a duct between an air line and a fuel gas line is then recorded. The signal is used to determine whether the system is correctly adjusted.

[0012] European patent application EP0326494A1 was filed on January 27, 1989, by GAZ DE FRANCE, FR. The application was published on August 2, 1989. European patent EP0326494B1 was granted on September 27, 1993. A corresponding translation was published as DE68909260T2. DE68909260T2 relates to a device for measuring the heat capacity of a fuel flow. A calorific value of a fuel is determined based on the signals from a mass flow sensor and an ionization sensor. DE68909260T2 claims priority from January 29, 1988.

[0013] A patent application DE102013106987A1 was filed on July 3, 2013, by Karl Dungs GmbH & Co. KG. The application was published on January 8, 2015. DE102013106987A1 deals with a method and a device for determining a calorific value, as well as a gas-powered device with such a device. For this purpose, a calorific value sensor is provided in a combustion chamber of the device, which sensor comprises an ionization sensor and preferably a temperature sensor.

[0014] Another patent application, DE102006051883A1, was filed on October 31, 2006, by a Gaswärme-Institut eV (Gas Heat Institute eV) from Essen. The application was published on May 8, 2008. DE102006051883A1 deals with a device and a method for adjusting, controlling, or regulating the fuel / combustion air ratio for operating a burner. During the adjustment, controlling, or regulating process, a calorific value or a Wobbe index is automatically determined.

[0015] European patent application EP1467149A1 was filed on April 1, 2004, by EON RUHRGAS AG. The application was published on October 13, 2004. EP1467149A1 deals with a method for monitoring combustion in a combustion device. A probe in an exhaust duct of the combustion device, such as an oxygen probe, can be used. If the combustion air ratio falls outside a specified limit, the combustion device is shut down. EP1467149A1 claims priority from April 11, 2003.

[0016] European patent application EP4050258A1 was filed on August 31, 2021, by SIEMENS AG. The application was published on August 31, 2022. EP4050258A1 deals with determining the power of a combustion device based on a fuel parameter. A fuel parameter is provided as part of the power determination. The combustion device is controlled accordingly. EP4050258A1 claims priority from February 26, 2021.

[0017] The objective of the present disclosure is to achieve the most flexible automation of a combustion device, both with and without feedback from a sensor. In particular, the type and progression of combustion within the combustion device must be taken into account when regulating and / or controlling the device. Summary

[0018] The present disclosure relates to the automation of a combustion device based on an oxygen concentration in an exhaust gas path of the combustion device. For this purpose, an oxygen-related sensor is arranged in or on the exhaust gas path of the combustion device such that it is exposed to an exhaust gas flow. The automation of the combustion device can include the control and / or regulation of combustion in the combustion device. A transition from an initial controlled operation to a subsequent regulated operation takes place.

[0019] In this case, the combustion device comprises a control and / or monitoring device. The control and / or monitoring device automates the combustion in the combustion device using at least one actuator. The actuator can be an air actuator or a fuel actuator and influences the supply of air or fuel to a combustion chamber of the combustion device.

[0020] A first characteristic curve is stored in the control and / or monitoring device, primarily for controlled operation of the combustion device. The first characteristic curve relates to the aforementioned actuator of the combustion device. It indicates a speed and / or position of the actuator in relation to a power-related variable.

[0021] The first characteristic curve for control operation is also used in open-loop operation. For this purpose, an operating point along the characteristic curve is shifted in open-loop operation such that combustion is ensured while avoiding harmful emissions. This enables a safe start of the combustion device.

[0022] Open-loop operation is followed after some time by closed-loop operation. In closed-loop operation, the combustion device is controlled using the aforementioned sensor. This sensor provides a signal that is used as a feedback signal for the actuator. Mixed closed-loop and open-loop operation is possible. This means that a first actuator is controlled. A second actuator is controlled. When controlling the second actuator, there is preferably no operating point shift as at the beginning of combustion.

[0023] Finally, the control characteristic allows for emergency operation. Such emergency operation can occur, for example, if the sensor fails. Consequently, control is no longer possible. Safe operation of the combustion device is then enabled by using the control characteristic and shifting the operating point. Short description of the characters

[0024] Various details will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. The individual embodiments are not limiting. The drawings accompanying the description can be described as follows: FIG 1 shows schematically a combustion device. FIG 2 illustrates a regulation and / or control of a combustion device without including a signal corresponding to an oxygen concentration and / or corresponding to an oxygen partial pressure. FIG 3 shows a combustion device with an O 2 sensor for detection in the exhaust gas. FIG 4 shows a curve of an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure versus a power-related value for a combustion. FIG 5 illustrates a regulation and / or control of a combustion device taking into account a signal corresponding to an oxygen concentration and / or corresponding to an oxygen partial pressure. FIG 6 illustrates a further regulation and / or control of a combustion device taking into account a signal corresponding to an oxygen concentration and / or corresponding to an oxygen partial pressure. Detailed description

[0025] FIG 1 shows a combustion device 1, such as a wall-mounted gas burner and / or an oil burner with a combustion chamber 2. The heat generator exchanges the thermal energy of the hot fuels and / or combustion gases into another fluid, such as water. The warm water is used, for example, to operate a hot water heating system and / or to heat drinking water. According to another embodiment, the thermal energy of the hot combustion gases can be used to heat a product, for example, in an industrial process. Furthermore, the heat generator can be used to heat water in a plant for the extraction of lithium and / or lithium carbonate. The exhaust gases are discharged from the combustion chamber 2, for example, via an exhaust gas stack and / or a flue gas stack and / or a chimney 10.

[0026] The supply air 5 for the combustion process is supplied to the combustion chamber 2 of the combustion device 1 via a (motor-driven) fan 3. The control and / or monitoring device 13 supplies the air supply to the fan 3 via the signal line 15. V̇ L which it is supposed to convey. Thus, the fan speed becomes a measure of the air volume conveyed and / or the air supply V̇ L .

[0027] According to one embodiment, the fan speed is reported back to the control and / or monitoring device 13 by the fan 3. Thus, the speed of the fan 3 can often be mapped to a supplied air volume. If the air volume is adjusted via an air damper 4 and / or a valve, the damper and / or valve position and / or the measured value derived from the signal of a mass flow sensor 12 and / or volume flow sensor can be used as a measure of the air volume. The sensor is advantageously located in the air supply duct. V̇ L The sensor preferably provides a signal that is converted into a flow measurement value using a suitable signal processing unit. A signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13.

[0028] According to another specific embodiment, the control and / or monitoring device 13 comprises a delta-sigma converter. The delta-sigma converter enables the conversion of analog signals, for example, from the mass flow sensor 12, into digital values. The delta-sigma converter can be an integral component of the control and / or monitoring device 13. For compactness, the delta-sigma converter and the control and / or monitoring device 13 can be parts of the same single-chip system.

[0029] As a measure of the air supply V̇ L The measured value of a pressure sensor and / or a mass flow sensor 12 in a side channel can also be used. A combustion device with a supply channel and a side channel is disclosed, for example, in European patent EP3301364B1. European patent EP3301364B1 was filed on June 7, 2017, and granted on August 7, 2019.

[0030] A combustion device with a feed channel and a side channel is claimed, with a mass flow sensor projecting into the feed channel.

[0031] The sensor 12 detects a signal which corresponds to the signal from the air supply V̇ L dependent pressure value and / or the air flow (particle and / or mass flow) in the side channel. Advantageously, the sensor 12 provides a signal which is converted into a measured value using a suitable signal processing device. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the signals from several sensors are converted into a common measured value. A suitable signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13.

[0032] According to one embodiment, the air supply V̇ L the value of the current air flow rate. The air flow rate can be measured and / or specified in cubic meters of air per hour. The air supply V̇ L can be measured and / or specified in cubic meters of air per hour. The air supply V̇ L may also be measured and / or stated in cubic feet of air per minute.

[0033] Mass flow sensors 12 allow measurements at high flow velocities, especially in conjunction with combustion devices 1 during operation. Typical values ​​for such flow velocities are in the ranges between 0.1 meters per second and five meters per second, ten meters per second, fifteen meters per second, twenty meters per second, or even one hundred meters per second. Mass flow sensors that are suitable for the present disclosure are, for example, OMRON®< D6F-W or SENSOR TECHNICS®< WBA sensors. The usable range of these sensors typically begins at velocities between 0.01 meters per second and 0.1 meters per second and ends at a speed such as five meters per second, ten meters per second, fifteen meters per second, twenty meters per second, or even one hundred meters per second. In other words, lower limits such as 0.1 meter per second can be combined with upper limits such as five meters per second, ten meters per second, fifteen meters per second, twenty meters per second, or even one hundred meters per second.

[0034] The fuel supply V̇ B is adjusted and / or regulated by the control and / or monitoring device 13 with the aid of a fuel actuator and / or a (motor-driven) adjustable valve. In the embodiment in FIG 1 The fuel comprises a fuel gas. A combustion device 1 can then be connected to various fuel gas sources, for example to sources with a high methane content and / or to sources with a high propane content. FIG 1 The amount of fuel gas is adjusted by a fuel actuator 7-9 of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The fuel actuator 7-9 can, for example, comprise or be a (motor-controlled) fuel valve 9. The control value 19, for example, in the case of a pulse-width modulated signal, of the gas valve is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. In another embodiment, control is via a CAN bus. The fuel can also comprise an oil or an oil mixture.

[0035] The control value is also a value for the fuel supply V̇ B . According to a special embodiment, the fuel valve 9 is adjusted using a stepper motor. In that case, the stepper motor's stepping position is a measure of the fuel gas quantity. The fuel valve 9 can also be integrated into a unit with at least one or both of the safety shut-off valves 7 or 8. Furthermore, the fuel valve 9 can be a valve controlled internally via a flow sensor, which receives a setpoint 19 and adjusts the actual value of the flow sensor to the setpoint. The flow sensor can be implemented as a volume flow sensor, for example, as a turbine wheel meter, diaphragm meter, and / or as a differential pressure sensor. The flow sensor can also be designed as a mass flow sensor, for example, as a thermal mass flow sensor.

[0036] If a gas flap is used as actuator 9, the position of the flap can be used as a measure of the amount of fuel gas. Alternatively, a measured value derived from the signal of a mass flow sensor and / or a volume flow sensor can be used as a measure of the amount of fuel gas. This sensor is advantageously arranged in the fuel supply channel. This sensor generates a signal, which is converted into a flow measurement (measured value of the particle and / or mass flow and / or volume flow) using a suitable signal processing device. A suitable signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13.

[0037] According to another specific embodiment, the control and / or monitoring device 13 comprises a delta-sigma converter. The delta-sigma converter enables the conversion of analog signals, for example, from the mass flow sensor or volume flow sensor for fuel gas, into digital values. The delta-sigma converter can be an integral component of the control and / or monitoring device 13. For compactness, the delta-sigma converter and the control and / or monitoring device 13 can be parts of the same single-chip system.

[0038] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the above-mentioned values ​​can also be calculated from a combination of variables determined by sensors. These values ​​then represent the mass for the supply (particle and / or mass flow and / or volume flow) of fuel gas. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that the supply of fuel for a liquid fuel can be determined in a similar manner.

[0039] The combustion device 1 from FIG 1 can be operated without regulation of an oxygen-related quantity such as the O 2 concentration in the exhaust gas. FIG 2 Positions and / or speeds 22 of various actuators are plotted against the burner output 23. The burner output 23 is preferably a current output of the combustion device 1. Ideally, the burner output 23 is a current heating output of the combustion device.

[0040] Specifically, FIG 2 A characteristic curve 24 for the motor-driven fan 3 is shown. Thus, characteristic curve 24 illustrates a speed of the motor-driven fan 3 versus the burner output 23. In particular, characteristic curve 24 illustrates a speed of the motor-driven fan 3 versus a current burner output 23.

[0041] In FIG 2 A characteristic curve 25 for a fuel actuator 7-9 is shown. Thus, characteristic curve 25 illustrates a position of the fuel actuator 7-9 relative to the burner output 23. In particular, characteristic curve 25 illustrates a position of the fuel actuator 7-9 relative to a current burner output 23. The fuel actuator 7-9 may include or be a fuel flap. In this case, characteristic curve 25 illustrates a position of the fuel flap relative to the burner output 23. In particular, characteristic curve 25 illustrates a position of the fuel flap relative to a current burner output 23.

[0042] In FIG 2 Furthermore, a characteristic curve 26 for an air damper 4 is shown. Thus, the characteristic curve 26 indicates a position of the air damper 4 relative to the burner output 23. In particular, the characteristic curve 26 illustrates a position of the air damper 4 relative to a current burner output 23.

[0043] In FIG 2 For a given burner output 23, the actuators 3, 4, 7 - 9 are each controlled to their speeds and / or positions. In particular, FIG 2 The actuators 3, 4, 7 - 9 are controlled to their speeds and / or positions for a current burner output 23. The control is carried out in such a way that a sufficient excess air is present for each burner output 23. This means that the air ratio λ is always greater than one, where λ = 1 corresponds to stoichiometric combustion. This prevents harmful emissions.

[0044] Disadvantages of the control according to FIG 2 is that the excess air is not adjusted. This means that there is no reduction in the fan speed and no change in the position of the air flap 4 in such a way that combustion is optimized after start-up. In particular, the efficiency of the combustion device 1 is not optimized by reducing the fan speed or changing the position of the air flap 4.

[0045] Likewise, in FIG 2 the actuators 3, 4, 7 - 9 are each controlled to their speeds and / or positions. In particular, FIG 2 The actuators 3, 4, 7 - 9 are controlled to their speeds and / or positions for a current burner output 23. The control is carried out in such a way that a sufficient excess air is present for each burner output 23. This means that the air ratio λ is always greater than one, where λ = 1 corresponds to stoichiometric combustion. This prevents harmful emissions.

[0046] Disadvantages of the regulation according to FIG 2 is that the excess air is not adjusted. This means that there is no reduction in the fan speed and no change in the position of the air flap 4 in such a way that combustion is optimized after start-up. In particular, the efficiency of the combustion device 1 is not optimized by reducing the fan speed or changing the position of the air flap 4.

[0047] FIG 3 shows a combustion device 1 with a sensor 20 for detecting an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure. In particular, the sensor 20 can detect or indicate a residual oxygen content. The sensor 20 comprises, for example, an O 2 sensor. In one embodiment, the sensor 20 is an O 2 sensor. The sensor 20 can be arranged, for example, in an exhaust gas stack and / or a flue gas stack and / or a chimney 10.

[0048] In particular, the sensor 20 is a gas sensor for recording a signal indicating an oxygen concentration and / or a partial pressure of oxygen. The sensor 20 can also be configured to record a signal corresponding to at least one further gas. The further gas comprises, for example, an oxidizable gas in an exhaust gas stack and / or a flue gas stack and / or a chimney 10 of the combustion device 1.

[0049] Furthermore, the sensor 20 can also be configured to record a signal corresponding to a carbon monoxide concentration. Furthermore, the sensor 20 can be configured to record a signal corresponding to a temperature.

[0050] The sensor 20 preferably comprises at least one disc comprising at least ninety percent by weight of zirconium dioxide. Furthermore, the disc comprises at least one further element or compound selected from: Yttrium oxide and hafnium oxide.

[0051] Furthermore, the exemplary sensor 20 comprises at least three electrodes, including two electrodes made of doped platinum. The doped platinum comprises between one-half and fifteen percent zirconium dioxide by weight. One of the three electrodes comprises a gold alloy. One of the doped platinum electrodes and the electrode comprising a gold alloy are arranged on a first side of the disk. Another of the doped platinum electrodes is arranged on a second side of the disk, the second side being different from the first side. The second side of the disk is opposite the first side of the disk. The second side of the disk borders a sealed chamber of the sensor 20.

[0052] The sensor 20 for recording a signal indicating a partial pressure of oxygen and / or a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration generates a signal 21. The signal 21 is read in by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 and suitably processed. With the aid of the signal 21, for each fan speed and / or for each air supply V̇ L and / or regulated to a setpoint for each burner output. The setpoint relates to a partial pressure of oxygen and / or a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration. In particular, the setpoint can relate to a partial pressure of oxygen and / or a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration in a flue gas chimney. Furthermore, the setpoint can relate to a partial pressure of oxygen and / or a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration in a flue gas chimney. In addition, the setpoint can relate to a partial pressure of oxygen and / or a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration in a chimney 10.

[0053] A suitable signal processing device for detecting and evaluating the signal 21 of the sensor 20 ideally comprises at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-to-digital converter(s), is integrated into the control and / or monitoring device 13.

[0054] According to another specific embodiment, the control and / or monitoring device 13 comprises a delta-sigma converter. The delta-sigma converter enables the conversion of analog signals, for example, from sensor 20, into digital values. The delta-sigma converter can be an integral component of the control and / or monitoring device 13. For compactness, the delta-sigma converter and the control and / or monitoring device 13 can be parts of the same single-chip system.

[0055] FIG 4 illustrates a curve of a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure versus a burner output 23. In particular, FIG 4 a curve of a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure compared to a current burner output 23.

[0056] In this case, FIG 4 Values ​​27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are plotted between a minimum value and a maximum value. The minimum value of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure marks the lowest end of the vertical axis. The maximum value of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure marks the highest end of the vertical axis.

[0057] The minimum value of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can, for example, be zero percent. The maximum value of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can, for example, be between five and ten percent. In particular, the maximum value of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can be between six and nine percent. Furthermore, the maximum value of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can be between six and eight percent, for example, six percent.

[0058] Along the horizontal axis, FIG 4 a performance-related quantity selected from the burner output, the current burner output The burner output 23 or the current burner output 23 preferably refers to the combustion device 1. Advantageously, the burner output 23 is a heating output of the combustion device 1. Ideally, the current burner output 23 is a current heating output of the combustion device 1.

[0059] The 23 values ​​are plotted from a minimum value of the performance-related variable to a maximum value of the performance-related variable. The 23 values ​​of the performance-related variable increase from left to right. The minimum value of the performance-related variable marks the left end of the horizontal axis. The maximum value of the performance-related variable marks the right end of the horizontal axis.

[0060] The minimum value of the performance-related quantity along the horizontal axis in FIG 4 can, for example, be zero percent of a nominal output of the combustion device 1. The nominal output of the combustion device 1 refers to a nominal heating output of the combustion device 1. The maximum value of the output-related variable along the horizontal axis can, for example, be between one hundred and one hundred and fifty percent of the nominal output of the combustion device 1. In particular, the maximum value of the output-related variable along the horizontal axis can, for example, be between one hundred and ten and one hundred and thirty percent of the nominal output of the combustion device 1. Furthermore, the maximum value of the output-related variable along the horizontal axis can, for example, be between one hundred and fifteen and one hundred and twenty-five percent of the nominal output of the combustion device 1, for example one hundred and twenty percent.

[0061] FIG 4 shows three characteristic curves and / or profiles 28 - 30 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure for combustion devices 1. A first characteristic curve and / or a first profile 28 indicates maximum residual oxygen contents and / or maximum oxygen concentrations and / or maximum oxygen partial pressures. The oxygen concentrations of the first profile 28 are in FIG 4 as a percentage of a total of molecules. The partial pressures of the first curve 28 are in FIG 4 expressed as a percentage of a total pressure. The same applies to the vertical axis.

[0062] A minimum value of the power-related variable belongs to the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28. All other values ​​of the power-related variable along the first characteristic curve and / or along the first profile 28 are greater than that minimum value of the power-related variable.

[0063] The minimum value of the power-related variable of the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28 is generally not identical to the corresponding minimum value along the horizontal axis. The minimum value of the power-related variable of the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28 can, for example, be between ten and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28 can be twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In the example in FIG 4 the minimum value of the power-related quantity of the first characteristic curve and / or the first curve 28 is twenty percent of the nominal power.

[0064] A maximum value of the power-related variable belongs to the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28. All other values ​​of the power-related variable along the first characteristic curve and / or along the first profile 28 are lower and / or smaller than that maximum value of the power-related variable.

[0065] The maximum value of the power-related variable of the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28 is generally not identical to the corresponding maximum value along the horizontal axis. The maximum value of the power-related variable of the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28 can, for example, be between ninety and one hundred and ten percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. The nominal power of the combustion device 1 refers to a nominal heating power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28 can be one hundred percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In the example in FIG 4 the maximum value of the power-related quantity of the first characteristic curve and / or the first curve 28 is one hundred percent of the nominal power.

[0066] Between the minimum value of the performance-related variable and the corresponding maximum value, (three) additional points are plotted along the first characteristic curve and / or along the first profile 28. These additional points are points and / or values ​​27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related variable 23. Likewise, the point corresponding to the minimum value of the performance-related variable is a point and / or value 27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related variable 23. Furthermore, the point corresponding to the maximum value of the performance-related variable is a point and / or value 27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related variable 23.

[0067] Interpolation can be performed between the points of the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28. For example, linear interpolation can be performed between the points of the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28. Furthermore, maximum values ​​of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can be determined using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the power-related variable. In particular, maximum values ​​of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can be calculated using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the power-related variable.

[0068] The first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28 can also be a mathematical relationship, such as a polynomial. Based on the mathematical relationship, maximum values ​​of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, maximum values ​​of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable using a polynomial. The polynomial corresponds to the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28.

[0069] The first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28 represents a first maximum characteristic curve and / or a first maximum profile of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure. This means that the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device 1. In addition, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one fuel actuator 7-9 of the combustion device 1. A first characteristic curve and / or a first profile 28 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is designed: to receive one or more signals from the sensor 20 which indicate or indicate a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure; to determine a measured value of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure; to load the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28 from the memory; to map a burner output 23, in particular a current burner output 23, to a comparison value 27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure using the first characteristic curve and / or the first profile 28; to compare the comparison value 27 with the measured value;and if the measured value is greater than the comparison value 27: to generate a closing signal and to send it to the at least one fuel actuator 7 - 9, wherein the closing signal, upon receipt by the at least one fuel actuator 7 - 9, causes the at least one fuel actuator 7 - 9 to close. ;

[0070] A second characteristic curve and / or a second profile 29 indicates target values ​​of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure. The oxygen concentrations of the second profile 29 are in FIG 4 as a percentage of a total of molecules. The partial pressures of the second curve 29 are in FIG 4 given as a percentage of a total pressure.

[0071] A minimum value of the power-related variable belongs to the second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29. All other values ​​of the power-related variable along the second characteristic curve and / or along the second profile 29 are greater than that minimum value of the power-related variable.

[0072] The minimum value of the power-related variable of the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 is generally not identical to the corresponding minimum value along the horizontal axis. The minimum value of the power-related variable of the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 can, for example, be between ten and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 can be twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 is equal to the corresponding minimum value of the first characteristic curve and / or the first curve 28. In the example in FIG 4 the minimum value of the power-related quantity of the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 is twenty percent of the nominal power.

[0073] A maximum value of the power-related variable belongs to the second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29. All other values ​​of the power-related variable along the second characteristic curve and / or along the second profile 29 are lower and / or smaller than that maximum value of the power-related variable.

[0074] The maximum value of the power-related variable of the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 is generally not identical to the corresponding maximum value along the horizontal axis. The maximum value of the power-related variable of the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 can, for example, be between ninety and one hundred and ten percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 can be one hundred percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 is equal to the corresponding maximum value of the first characteristic curve and / or the first curve 28. In the example in FIG 4 the maximum value of the power-related quantity of the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 is one hundred percent of the nominal power.

[0075] Between the minimum value of the performance-related variable and the corresponding maximum value, (three) additional points are plotted along the second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29. These additional points are points and / or values ​​27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related variable 23. Likewise, the point corresponding to the minimum value of the performance-related variable is a point and / or value 27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related variable 23. Furthermore, the point corresponding to the maximum value of the performance-related variable is a point and / or value 27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related variable 23.

[0076] Interpolation can be performed between the points of the second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29. For example, linear interpolation can be performed between the points of the second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29. Furthermore, target values ​​27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can be determined using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the power-related variable. In particular, target values ​​27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can be calculated using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the power-related variable.

[0077] The second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29 can also be a mathematical relationship, such as a polynomial. Based on the mathematical relationship, target values ​​27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, based on a polynomial, target values ​​27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. The polynomial corresponds to the second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29.

[0078] The second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 represents a setpoint characteristic curve and / or a setpoint curve of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure.

[0079] This means that the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device 1. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one actuator 3, 4, 7-9 of the combustion device 1. The at least one actuator 3, 4, 7-9 of the combustion device 1 is selected from: a fuel actuator 7 - 9 of the combustion device 1, wherein the fuel actuator 7 - 9 acts on a fuel supply to the combustion device 1, a fan 3 of the combustion device 1, wherein the fan 3 acts on an air supply to the combustion device 1, an air damper 4 of the combustion device 1, wherein the air damper 4 acts on an air supply to the combustion device 1.

[0080] The above list of actuators 3, 4, 7 - 9 does not claim to be complete.

[0081] A second characteristic curve and / or a second profile 29 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the control and / or monitoring device 13. The control and / or monitoring device 13 is designed: to receive one or more signals from the sensor 20 which indicate or indicate a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure; to determine a measured value of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure; to load the second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29 from the memory; to map a burner output 23, in particular a current burner output 23, to a target value 27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure using the second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29; to compare the target value 27 with the measured value;and to generate a control signal based on the comparison between setpoint 27 and measured value and to send the control signal to at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9. ;

[0082] The control signal causes the at least one actuator 3, 4, 7- 9 to preferably change a combustion variable selected from: a fuel supply to the combustion device 1, if the at least one actuator is or comprises a fuel actuator 7 - 9, an air supply to the combustion device 1, if the at least one actuator is or comprises a fan 3 or an air flap 4.

[0083] The change in the combustion size ideally occurs in such a way that subsequent measured values, which are determined from subsequently received signals indicating the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure, approach the target value 27.

[0084] A third characteristic curve and / or a third profile 30 indicates minimum residual oxygen contents and / or minimum oxygen concentrations and / or minimum oxygen partial pressures. The oxygen concentrations of the third profile 30 are in FIG 4 as a percentage of a total of molecules. The partial pressures of the third curve 30 are in FIG 4 given as a percentage of a total pressure.

[0085] A minimum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the third characteristic curve and / or the third profile 30. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the third characteristic curve and / or along the third profile 30 are greater than that minimum value of the performance-related variable.

[0086] The minimum value of the power-related variable of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30 is generally not identical to the corresponding minimum value along the horizontal axis. The minimum value of the power-related variable of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30 can, for example, be between ten and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. The nominal power of the combustion device 1 refers to a nominal heating power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30 can be twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30 is equal to the corresponding minimum value of the first characteristic curve and / or the first curve 28.Preferably, the minimum value of the power-related variable of the third characteristic curve and / or the third profile 30 is equal to the corresponding minimum value of the second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29. In the example in . FIG 4 the minimum value of the power-related quantity of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30 is twenty percent of the nominal power.

[0087] A maximum value of the performance-related variable belongs to the third characteristic curve and / or the third profile 30. All other values ​​of the performance-related variable along the third characteristic curve and / or along the third profile 30 are lower and / or smaller than that maximum value of the performance-related variable.

[0088] The maximum value of the power-related variable of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30 is generally not identical to the corresponding maximum value along the horizontal axis. The maximum value of the power-related variable of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30 can, for example, be between ninety and one hundred and ten percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. In particular, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30 can be one hundred percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30 is equal to the corresponding maximum value of the first characteristic curve and / or the first curve 28.Preferably, the maximum value of the power-related variable of the third characteristic curve and / or the third profile 30 is equal to the corresponding maximum value of the second characteristic curve and / or the second profile 29. In the example in . FIG 4 the maximum value of the power-related quantity of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30 is one hundred percent of the nominal power.

[0089] Between the minimum value of the performance-related variable and the corresponding maximum value, three (30) additional points are plotted along the third characteristic curve and / or the third profile. These additional points are points and / or values ​​27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related variable 23. Likewise, the point corresponding to the minimum value of the performance-related variable is a point and / or value 27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related variable 23. Furthermore, the point corresponding to the maximum value of the performance-related variable is a point and / or value 27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure relative to the performance-related variable 23.

[0090] Interpolation can be performed between the points of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30. For example, linear interpolation can be performed between the points of the third characteristic curve and / or the third curve 30. Furthermore, minimum values ​​of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can be determined using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, minimum values ​​of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure can be calculated using cubic splines for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable.

[0091] The third characteristic curve and / or the third profile 30 can also be a mathematical relationship, such as a polynomial. Based on the mathematical relationship, minimum values ​​of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable. In particular, minimum values ​​of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure are calculated for values ​​23 of the performance-related variable using a polynomial. The polynomial corresponds to the third characteristic curve and / or the third profile 30.

[0092] The third characteristic curve and / or the third profile 30 represents a minimum characteristic curve and / or a minimum profile of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure. This means that the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device 1. Furthermore, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to at least one fuel actuator 7-9 of the combustion device 1. A third characteristic curve and / or a third profile 30 is stored in a memory, for example, in a non-volatile memory, of the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13. The regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is configured: to receive one or more signals from the sensor 20 which indicate or indicate a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure; to determine a measured value of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure based on the one or more signals which indicate or indicate the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure; to load the third characteristic curve and / or the third profile 30 from the memory; to map a burner output 23, in particular a current burner output 23, to a comparison value 27 of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure using the third characteristic curve and / or the third profile 30; to compare the comparison value 27 with the measured value;and if the measured value is lower and / or smaller than the comparison value 27: to generate a closing signal and to send it to the at least one fuel actuator 7 - 9, wherein the closing signal, upon receipt by the at least one fuel actuator 7 - 9, causes the at least one fuel actuator 7 - 9 to close. ;

[0093] The FIG 2 The regulation and / or control illustrated is in principle also possible without a sensor 20. This means that the regulation and / or control according to FIG 2 is in principle also possible without a signal indicating a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure.

[0094] The statements on minimum and maximum values ​​along the horizontal axis from FIG 4 are accordingly on FIG 5 and FIG 6 applicable. In contrast to FIG 2 show FIG 5 and FIG 6 Reduced characteristic curves 35 and 36 for the air actuators 3, 4. This applies to combustion devices 1 with combustion in the presence of a flame. For combustion devices 1 for combustion while avoiding emissions of nitrogen oxides, the characteristic curves 35 and 36 would be reduced compared to the corresponding characteristic curves from FIG 2 increased.

[0095] Now, during operation of the combustion device 1, at least one signal is recorded by the sensor 20. The at least one signal from the sensor 20 indicates a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure.

[0096] The at least one signal from sensor 20 is sent to the control and / or regulating and / or monitoring device 13. The control and / or regulating and / or monitoring device 13 receives the at least one signal from sensor 20. The control and / or regulating and / or monitoring device 13 determines a measured value from the at least one signal. This is preferably a measured value of a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure.

[0097] In addition, the control and / or monitoring device 13 determines a burner output 23. Ideally, the burner output 23 is a heating output of the combustion device 1. For example, the burner output 23 can be determined from a request signal. This means that a burner output 23 is requested from the combustion device 1, and a corresponding request signal is sent to the control and / or monitoring device 13.

[0098] In particular, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 can determine a current burner output 23 of the combustion device 1. Ideally, the current burner output 23 is a current heating output of the combustion device 1. For example, the current burner output 23 can be determined from a request signal. This means that a current burner output 23 is requested from the combustion device 1, and a corresponding request signal is sent to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13.

[0099] A relative fluid power 31 to the current burner power 23 indicates the amount by which the operating point of at least one actuator of the combustion device 1 is to be shifted. The at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9 of the combustion device 1 can be selected from: a fuel actuator 7 - 9 of the combustion device 1, wherein the fuel actuator 7 - 9 acts on a fuel supply to the combustion device 1, a fan 3 of the combustion device 1, wherein the fan 3 acts on an air supply to the combustion device 1, an air damper 4 of the combustion device 1, wherein the air damper 4 acts on an air supply to the combustion device 1.

[0100] The above list of actuators 3, 4, 7 - 9 does not claim to be complete.

[0101] The current burner output 23 in the present, controlled operation is referred to below as the first, current value of the output-related quantity 23.

[0102] If the at least one actuator is a fuel actuator 7-9, the relative fluid power characteristic curve 32 is a relative fuel power characteristic curve. If the at least one actuator is a fan 3, the relative fluid power characteristic curve 32 is a relative air power characteristic curve. If the at least one actuator is an air damper 4, the relative fluid power characteristic curve 32 is also a relative air power characteristic curve.

[0103] In combustion devices 1 for combustion while avoiding emissions of nitrogen oxides, the fluid performance characteristic curve 32 would be in the negative range of the FIG 5 .

[0104] The statements from FIG 4 For interpolation, the change characteristic curve 32 and / or the relative fluid power characteristic curve 32 from FIG 5 applicable. The statements from FIG 4 to curves 24 - 26 in the form of polynomials are correspondingly applied to the change characteristic curve 32 and / or the relative fluid power characteristic curve 32 from FIG 5 applicable. This means that the change characteristic curve 32 and / or the relative fluid power characteristic curve 32 can be stored as a polynomial in the control and / or monitoring device 13. The storage can be carried out in a memory such as a non-volatile memory.

[0105] The shift of the operating point means that, for a burner output 23, a new operating point of the at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9 is determined based on the relative fluid output 31. The new operating point of the at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9 indicates a power that is different from the burner output 23.

[0106] The shift of the operating point can also mean that a new operating point of at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9 is determined for a current burner output 23 based on the relative fluid output 31. The new operating point of at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9 indicates a power that is different from the current burner output 23.

[0107] If the at least one actuator is a fuel actuator 7 - 9, the operating point of the at least one actuator 7 - 9 is shifted towards a lower power.

[0108] The shift in the operating point of the fuel actuator 7-9 can occur within five seconds of the start of the combustion device 1. The shift in the operating point of the fuel actuator 7-9 can occur within one second or within two seconds of the start of the combustion device 1. The shift in the operating point of the fuel actuator 7-9 can occur instantaneously with the start of the combustion device 1. This means that the shift in the operating point of the fuel actuator 7-9 occurs shortly after or with the start of combustion in the combustion device 1.

[0109] The timely shift of the operating point avoids combustion with harmful emissions when starting the combustion device 1. The timely shift of the operating point enables a safe start of the combustion device 1 with acceptable emissions.

[0110] The shift of the operating point of the fuel actuator 7 - 9 is in FIG 5 illustrated by arrow 33. Thus, for a burner power of 23, the operating point of the fuel actuator 7-9 is shifted toward a lower power using arrow 33. The shift is based on the relative fluid power characteristic curve 32. Instead of a characteristic curve 32, the shift of the operating point can also be achieved by a constant.

[0111] In particular, for a current burner power 23, the operating point of the fuel actuator 7-9 can be shifted toward a lower power using arrow 33. The shift is based on the relative fluid power characteristic curve 32.

[0112] If the at least one actuator is a fan 3 and / or an air damper 4, the operating point of the at least one actuator 7 - 9 is shifted towards a higher power.

[0113] The shift in the operating point of the fan 3 can occur within five seconds of the start of the combustion device 1. The shift in the operating point of the fan 3 can occur within one second or within two seconds of the start of the combustion device 1. The shift in the operating point of the fan 3 can occur instantaneously with the start of the combustion device 1. This means that the shift in the operating point of the fan 3 occurs shortly after or with the start of combustion in the combustion device 1.

[0114] The shift of the operating point of the air damper 4 can occur within five seconds of the start of the combustion device 1. The shift of the operating point of the air damper 4 can occur within one second or within two seconds of the start of the combustion device 1. The shift of the operating point of the air damper 4 can occur instantaneously with the start of the combustion device 1. This means that the shift of the operating point of the air damper 4 occurs shortly after or with the start of combustion in the combustion device 1.

[0115] The timely shift of the operating point avoids combustion with harmful emissions when starting the combustion device 1. The timely shift of the operating point enables a safe start of the combustion device 1 with acceptable emissions.

[0116] The shift of the operating point of the fan 3 or the air flap 4 is in FIG 5 This is illustrated by arrow 34. Thus, for a burner output of 23, the operating point of the fan 3 and / or the air damper 4 is shifted toward a higher output using arrow 34. The shift is based on the relative fluid power characteristic curve 32. Instead of a characteristic curve 32, the shift of the operating point can also be achieved by a constant.

[0117] In particular, for a current burner output 23, the operating point of the fan 3 and / or the air damper 4 can be shifted toward a higher output using arrow 34. The shift is based on the relative fluid power characteristic curve 32.

[0118] This means that the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected or connectable to a sensor 20, for example, an oxygen sensor 20, of the combustion device 1. In addition, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 13 is communicatively connected to at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9 of the

[0119] Combustion device 1 is connected or connectable. The at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9 of the combustion device 1 is selected from: a fuel actuator 7 - 9 of the combustion device 1, wherein the fuel actuator 7 - 9 acts on a fuel supply to the combustion device 1, a fan 3 of the combustion device 1, wherein the fan 3 acts on an air supply to the combustion device 1, an air damper 4 of the combustion device 1, wherein the air damper 4 acts on an air supply to the combustion device 1.

[0120] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control and / or monitoring devices 13 including a shifted operating point, wherein the control and / or monitoring devices 13 is designed: to calculate the shifted operating point as the sum of the burner power 23 and the relative fluid power, in particular as the sum of the current burner power 23 and the relative fluid power; and to generate a control and / or regulating signal as a function of the shifted operating point and to send the control and / or regulating signal to the at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9.

[0121] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control and / or monitoring devices 13 including a shifted operating point, wherein the control and / or monitoring devices 13 is designed: to calculate the shifted operating point by scaling the burner output 23 using a positive scale factor, in particular by scaling the current burner output 23 using a positive scale factor; and to generate a control and / or regulating signal as a function of the shifted operating point and to send the control and / or regulating signal to the at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9.

[0122] The aforementioned scaling preferably involves a multiplication. Ideally, the aforementioned scaling is a multiplication. In this case, the scale factor is greater than one.

[0123] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control and / or monitoring devices 13 including a shifted operating point, wherein the control and / or monitoring devices 13 is designed: to calculate the shifted operating point as the difference between the burner power 23 and the relative fluid power, in particular as the difference between the current burner power 23 and the relative fluid power; and to generate a control and / or regulating signal as a function of the shifted operating point and to send the control and / or regulating signal to the at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9.

[0124] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control and / or monitoring devices 13 including a shifted operating point, wherein the control and / or monitoring devices 13 is designed: to calculate the shifted operating point by scaling the burner output 23 using a positive scale factor, in particular by scaling the burner output 23 using a positive scale factor; and to generate a control and / or regulating signal as a function of the shifted operating point and to send the control and / or regulating signal to the at least one actuator 3, 4, 7 - 9.

[0125] The aforementioned scaling preferably involves a multiplication. The aforementioned scaling is ideally a multiplication. In this case, the scale factor is less than one.

[0126] Based on the FIG 2 Using the characteristic curves 24-26 illustrated, combustion can be controlled during the start-up of the combustion device 1 such that a sufficient excess of air is present. This means that characteristic curves 24 and 26 for air, and characteristic curve 25 for fuel, imply an excess of air.

[0127] Such a control system prevents combustion with harmful emissions during the start-up of the combustion device 1. Such a control system also enables a safe start-up of the combustion device 1 with acceptable emissions. Such a control system further prevents combustion with harmful emissions during an emergency operation of the combustion device 1. Such a control system also enables an emergency operation of the combustion device 1 with acceptable emissions. Such an emergency operation can be caused, for example, by a failure of an O2 control system.

[0128] As opposed to FIG 2 show FIG 5 and FIG 6 reduced characteristic curves 35 and 36 for the air actuators 3, 4.

[0129] As opposed to FIG 2 illustrated FIG 6 a regulation and / or control using a signal from the sensor 20. This means that the regulation and / or control according to FIG 6 a signal indicating a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure is included.

[0130] Specifically, FIG 5 and in FIG 6 A characteristic curve 35 for the motor-driven fan 3 is shown. Thus, characteristic curve 35 illustrates a speed of the motor-driven fan 3 versus the burner output 23. In particular, characteristic curve 35 illustrates a speed of the motor-driven fan 3 versus a current burner output 23.

[0131] The characteristic curve 35 is in FIG 5 and in FIG 6 compared to the characteristic curve 24 in FIG 2 This means that the characteristic curve 35 in FIG 5 and in FIG 6 compared to the characteristic curve 24 in FIG 2 is shifted towards lower values ​​of the positions and / or speeds 22.

[0132] The statements from FIG 4 For interpolation, the characteristic curve 35 for the motor-driven fan 3 from FIG 5 and from FIG 6 applicable. The statements from FIG 4 to curves 24 - 26 in the form of polynomials are correspondingly applied to the characteristic curve 35 for the motor-driven fan 3 from FIG 5 and FIG 6 This means that the characteristic curve 35 for the motor-driven fan 3 can be stored as a polynomial in the control and / or monitoring device 13. The storage can be done in a memory such as a non-volatile memory.

[0133] In FIG 5 and in FIG 6 Furthermore, a characteristic curve 36 for an air damper 4 is shown. Thus, characteristic curve 36 illustrates a position of the air damper 4 relative to the burner output 23. In particular, characteristic curve 36 illustrates a position of the air damper 4 relative to a current burner output 23.

[0134] The characteristic curve 36 is in FIG 5 and in FIG 6 compared to the characteristic curve 26 in FIG 2 This means that the characteristic curve 36 in FIG 5 and in FIG 6 compared to the characteristic curve 26 in FIG 2 is shifted towards lower values ​​of positions 22.

[0135] The statements from FIG 4 For interpolation, the characteristic curve 36 for the air damper 4 from FIG 5 and from FIG 6 applicable. The statements from FIG 4 to curves 24 - 26 in the form of polynomials are correspondingly applied to the characteristic curve 36 for the air damper 4 from FIG 5 and from FIG 6 This means that the characteristic curve 36 for the air damper 4 can be stored as a polynomial in the control and / or monitoring device 13. The storage can be done in a memory such as a non-volatile memory.

[0136] Using the characteristic curves 25, 35, 36 from FIG 5 and FIG 6 When starting the combustion device 1, combustion cannot always be controlled in such a way that a sufficient excess air is present. This means that characteristic curves 35 and 36 for air and characteristic curve 25 for fuel do not imply a sufficient excess air under all ambient conditions. Control based exclusively on characteristic curves 25, 35, and 36 does not enable a safe start of the combustion device 1 with acceptable emissions under all ambient conditions. Such control does not enable emergency operation of the combustion device 1 with acceptable emissions under all ambient conditions. Such emergency operation can be caused, for example, by a failure of an O2 control system.

[0137] Therefore, for controlled operation, an additional excess air can be used when starting the combustion device 1 or in emergency operation. This means that for a given burner output 23, the air actuators 3, 4 are set to a slightly higher air supply value. V̇ L In particular, at a current burner output of 23, the air actuators 3, 4 can be set to a slightly higher value of the air supply V̇ L be controlled.

[0138] The statements on minimum and maximum values ​​along the horizontal axis from FIG 4 are accordingly on FIG 5 and on FIG 6 applicable.

[0139] Specifically, the air actuators 3, 4 can be set to a slightly higher burner output for a burner output P P 3,4 = P + Δ P The additional power Δ Pfor example, between five and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the additional power Δ P between ten and twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. This control to the higher burner power is ideally carried out independently of the signal from the sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the additional power Δ P a function of burner power 23.

[0140] According to another embodiment, the additional power Δ P constant.

[0141] In particular, the air actuators 3, 4 can be set for a current burner output P to a slightly higher current burner output P 3,4 = P + Δ P The additional power Δ P For example, between five and thirty percent. Preferably, the additional power Δ Pbetween ten and twenty percent. This control to the higher current burner output ideally takes place independently of the signal from sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the additional output Δ P is a function of the current burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the additional power Δ P constant.

[0142] Furthermore, the air actuators 3, 4 can be used for a burner output P to a slightly higher burner output P 3,4 = P ⋅ 1 + relLuft The relative air power can be relLuft as part of a scale factor (1 + relLuft ) can be, for example, between five and thirty percent. Preferably, the relative air performance relLuft between ten and twenty percent. This control to the higher burner output ideally takes place independently of the signal from sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the relative air output relLuft a function of the burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the relative air power relLuft constant.

[0143] In particular, the air actuators 3, 4 can be set for a current burner output P to a slightly higher burner output P 3,4 = P ⋅ 1 + relLuft The relative air power can be relLuft as part of a scale factor (1 + relLuft) For example, between five and thirty percent. Preferably, the relative air performance relLuft between ten and twenty percent. This control to the higher burner output ideally takes place independently of the signal from sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the relative air output relLuft a function of the current burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the relative air power relLuft constant.

[0144] Furthermore, the air actuators 3, 4 can be controlled in such a way that an air supply V̇ L to a burner output of 23 an additional air supply Δ V̇ L is added: V ˙ L 3,4 = V ˙ L + Δ V · L

[0145] The additional air supply Δ V̇ L for example, between five and thirty percent of a nominal value of the air supply V̇ L Preferably, the additional air supply Δ V̇ L between ten and twenty percent of the nominal value of the air supply V̇ L Ideally, the nominal value of the air supply V̇ L the nominal power of the combustion device 1. This control of the additional air supply is ideally independent of the signal from the sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the additional air supply Δ V̇ L a function of the burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the additional air supply Δ V̇ L constant.

[0146] In particular, the air actuators 3, 4 can be controlled in such a way that an air supply V̇ L to a current burner output of 23 an additional air supply Δ V̇ L is added: V ˙ L 3,4 = V ˙ L + Δ V · L

[0147] The additional air supply Δ V̇ L for example, between five and thirty percent of a nominal value of the air supply V̇ L Preferably, the additional air supply Δ V̇ L between ten and twenty percent of the nominal value of the air supply V̇ L Ideally, the nominal value of the air supply V̇ L the nominal power of the combustion device 1. This control of the additional air supply is ideally independent of the signal from the sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the additional air supply Δ V̇ L a function of the current burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the additional air supply Δ V̇ L constant.

[0148] In addition, the air actuators 3, 4 can be controlled in such a way that an air supply V̇ L an additional air supply is added to a burner output of 23: V ˙ L 3,4 = V ˙ L ⋅ 1 + relLuft

[0149] The relative air performance relLuft as part of a scale factor (1 + relLuft) For example, between five and thirty percent. Preferably, the relative air performance relLuft between ten and twenty percent. This control to the higher burner output ideally takes place independently of the signal from sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the relative air output relLuft a function of the burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the relative air power relLuft constant.

[0150] In particular, the air actuators 3, 4 can be controlled in such a way that an air supply V̇ L an additional air supply is added to a current burner output of 23: V ˙ L 3,4 = V ˙ L ⋅ 1 + relLuft

[0151] The relative air performance relLuft as part of a scale factor (1 + relLuft) For example, between five and thirty percent. Preferably, the relative air performance relLuft between ten and twenty percent. This control to the higher burner output ideally takes place independently of the signal from sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the relative air output relLuft a function of the current burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the relative air power relLuft constant.

[0152] Instead of the air actuators 3, 4, the fuel actuator 7 - 9 can also be used for a burner output P to a slightly lower burner output P 9 = P − Δ P The power to be deducted Δ P for example, between five and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the power to be deducted Δ Pbetween ten and twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. This control to the lower burner power ideally takes place independently of the signal from the sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the power to be deducted is Δ P a function of the burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the power to be deducted is Δ P constant.

[0153] In particular, instead of the air actuators 3, 4, the fuel actuator 7 - 9 can also be set for a current burner output P to a slightly lower current burner output P 9 = P − Δ P The power to be deducted Δ P for example, between five and thirty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. Preferably, the power to be deducted Δ Pbetween ten and twenty percent of the nominal power of the combustion device 1. This control to the lower current burner power is ideally carried out independently of the signal from the sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the power to be deducted is Δ P a function of the current burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the power to be deducted is Δ P constant.

[0154] Furthermore, instead of the air actuators 3, 4, the fuel actuator 7 - 9 can also be set to a slightly lower burner output P P 9 = P ⋅ 1 − relLuft The relative air power can be relLuft as part of a scale factor (1 - relLuft) For example, between five and thirty percent. Preferably, the relative air performance relLuft between ten and twenty percent. This control to the lower burner output ideally occurs independently of the signal from sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the relative air output relLuft a function of the burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the relative air power relLuft constant.

[0155] In particular, instead of the air actuators 3, 4, the fuel actuator 7 - 9 can also be used for a current burner output P to a slightly lower current burner output P 9 = P ⋅ 1 − relLuft The relative air power can be relLuft as part of a scale factor (1 - relLuft) For example, between five and thirty percent. Preferably, the relative air performance relLuft between ten and twenty percent. This control to the lower current burner output ideally occurs independently of the signal from sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the relative air output relLuft a function of the current burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the relative air power relLuft constant.

[0156] Furthermore, the fuel actuator 7 - 9 can be controlled in such a way that a fuel supply V̇ B , to a burner output of 23 a fuel supply Δ V̇ B is deducted: V ˙ B 9 = V ˙ B − Δ V · B

[0157] The fuel supply to be deducted Δ V̇ B for example, between five and thirty percent of a nominal value of the fuel supply V̇ B Preferably, the fuel supply to be deducted Δ V̇ B between ten and twenty percent of the nominal value of the fuel supply V̇ B Ideally, the nominal value of the fuel supply V̇ B the nominal power of the combustion device 1. This control on the lower fuel supply V̇ B , Ideally, this occurs independently of the signal from sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the fuel supply to be withdrawn is Δ V̇ B a function of the burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the fuel supply to be withdrawn is Δ V̇ B constant.

[0158] In particular, the fuel actuator 7 - 9 can be controlled in such a way that a fuel supply V̇ B , to a current burner output 23 a fuel supply Δ V̇ B is deducted: V ˙ B 9 = V ˙ B − Δ V · B

[0159] The fuel supply to be deducted Δ V̇ B for example, between five and thirty percent of a nominal value of the fuel supply V̇ B , Preferably, the fuel supply to be deducted Δ V̇ B between ten and twenty percent of the nominal value of the fuel supply V̇ B Ideally, the nominal value of the fuel supply V̇ B the nominal power of the combustion device 1. This control on the lower fuel supply V̇ B Ideally, this occurs independently of the signal from sensor 20. According to one embodiment, the fuel supply to be withdrawn is Δ V̇ B a function of the current burner power 23. According to another embodiment, the fuel supply to be deducted is Δ V̇ B constant.

[0160] The controlled operation at the start of the combustion device 1 is followed by a regulated operation of the combustion device 1. The controlled operation ideally takes place independently of a signal from the sensor 20. On the other hand, the control can, for example, be carried out using the sensor 20 from FIG 3 The transition between controlled and regulated operation can, for example, occur at least ten seconds, at least twenty seconds, or at least thirty seconds after the start of the combustion device 1. In general, the time of the transition between controlled and regulated operation depends on the dead times of the control of the combustion device 1. This means that the controlled operation of the combustion device 1 occurs after the start of combustion in the combustion device 1.

[0161] For the burner output 23, the control and / or monitoring device 13 determines as in FIG 4 shown a setpoint 27. The setpoint indicates a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure. In one embodiment, the burner output 23 is determined based on the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 from FIG 4 mapped to the setpoint 27.

[0162] In particular, the control and / or monitoring device 13 can be adjusted to the current burner output 23 as shown in FIG 4 shown determine a setpoint 27. The setpoint 27 indicates a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure. In one embodiment, the current burner output 23 is determined from the second characteristic curve and / or the second curve 29 FIG 4 mapped to the setpoint 27.

[0163] The current burner output 23 in controlled operation is referred to below as the second, current value of the output-related quantity 23.

[0164] Advantageously, a first actuator, such as an air actuator 3, 4, is controlled. A second actuator, such as the fuel actuator 7 - 9, is controlled while the first actuator is controlled. The second actuator is different from the first actuator. The second actuator is then controlled using one of the characteristic curves 35, 36, 25 from FIG 5 and FIG 6 .

[0165] In addition, controlled operation can be temporarily carried out in the case of a requested reduction or increase, for example, of the burner output 23 or the current burner output 23, taking into account a relative fluid output. In such a case, the relative fluid output is usually a function of the burner output 23 or the current burner output 23. The combustion device 1 is operated in controlled operation taking into account a relative fluid output until the control is sufficiently stable again after the reduction or increase.

[0166] In controlled operation, the shifted characteristic curves 35 and 36 prove to be advantageous for the air actuators 3, 4. These characteristic curves 35, 36 correspond to a lower air surplus, as is typically regulated in controlled operation. This means that the control in the ideal case and in contrast to the control from FIG 2 the operating points of actuators 3, 4, 7 - 9 do not need to be adjusted or only slightly.

[0167] The above statements on an additional or deductible performance Δ P may refer to an emergency operation of the combustion device 1. Furthermore, the above-mentioned statements on scaled powers may refer to an emergency operation of the combustion device 1. Likewise, the above-mentioned statements on an additional air supply Δ V̇ L or a deductible fuel supply Δ V̇ B refer to the emergency operation of the combustion device 1. Furthermore, the aforementioned statements regarding scaled air or fuel supplies can refer to an emergency operation of the combustion device 1. This avoids combustion with harmful emissions during emergency operation of the combustion device 1. Safe emergency operation of the combustion device 1 with acceptable emissions is enabled. Such an emergency operation can be caused, for example, by a failure of an O2 control system.

[0168] The current burner output 23 in emergency operation is referred to below as the third, current value of the output-related quantity 23.

[0169] In other words, the present disclosure teaches a method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), an air supply channel (11) leading to the combustion chamber (2), a fuel supply channel leading to the combustion chamber (2), at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) selected from at least one air actuator (3, 4) which is responsive to an air supply V̇ L through the air supply channel (11), and at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which reacts to a fuel supply V̇ B acts through the fuel supply channel, the combustion device (1) comprising an exhaust gas path (10), at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) in the exhaust gas path (10) and a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) with a memory in which at least one first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36), which indicates a first speed curve and / or a first position curve for the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) with respect to a power-related variable (23), and a change which is different from zero, are stored, the method comprising the steps: Loading the at least one first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36) and the change from the memory; determining a first, current value of the power-related variable (23); determining a first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control mode as a function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the change, wherein the determination is made independently of an oxygen-related signal from the at least one sensor (20); assigning the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control mode to a first speed and / or to a first position based on the at least one first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36); determining a first control signal as a function of the first speed and / or the first position;and sending the first control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9), wherein the first control signal causes the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) to change at least one combustion variable selected from the air supply; V̇ L and / or the fuel supply V̇ B , initiated.

[0170] The at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) and the at least one sensor (20) and the memory are each communicatively connected to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13).

[0171] The performance-related variable (23) is preferably selected from a burner output (23) of the combustion device (1); a current burner output (23) of the combustion device (1).

[0172] The at least one sensor (20) is advantageously designed to record at least one oxygen-related signal and to transmit the at least one oxygen-related signal to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13). The oxygen-related signal can, for example, a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure indicate.

[0173] The determination of the first input value independently of an oxygen-related signal from the at least one sensor (20) is a determination excluding an oxygen-related signal from the at least one sensor (20). The determination of the first input value independently of an oxygen-related signal from the at least one sensor (20) can also be a determination excluding an oxygen-related signal from the at least one sensor (20). The oxygen-related signal from the at least one sensor (20) is advantageously an oxygen-related signal from the at least one sensor (20).

[0174] The input value of the power-related variable (23) for control operation is transferred to the controller as input. The controller determines a speed and / or position from the input value. Thus, the input value is an operating point for the controller.

[0175] The determination of the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as a function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the change is ideally carried out independently of the at least one sensor (20).

[0176] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step of: sending the first control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9), wherein the first control signal causes the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) to change at least one combustion variable selected from the air supply V̇ L or the fuel supply V̇ B initiated.

[0177] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Receiving the first control signal by the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9); and in response to the receipt of the first control signal by the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9), changing at least one combustion variable selected from the air supply V̇ L and / or the fuel supply V̇ B by the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9).

[0178] The change is preferably a first, performance-related change. This means that the change ideally has the unit of a power. Preferably, the power-related variable (23) and the input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation each also have the unit of a power.

[0179] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Starting combustion in the combustion device (1); and sending the first control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) within fifteen seconds after the start of combustion.

[0180] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Starting combustion in the combustion device (1); and sending the first control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) within ten seconds after the start of combustion.

[0181] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps: Starting combustion in the combustion device (1); and sending the first control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) within five seconds after the start of combustion.

[0182] The start of combustion in the combustion device (1) can in particular be a start of combustion in the combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

[0183] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the change is different from zero and constant, the method comprising the step of: determining the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as a function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the first, constant change, wherein the determination is made independently of the oxygen-related signal of the at least one sensor (20).

[0184] The determination of the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as a function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the first, constant change ideally takes place independently of the at least one sensor (20).

[0185] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein at least one change characteristic curve (32) indicating a change profile with respect to the power-related variable (23) is stored in the memory, the method comprising the steps: Loading the at least one change characteristic curve (32) from the memory; determining the change to the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) by assigning the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) based on the at least one change characteristic curve (32); and determining the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as a function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the change to the first, current value of the power-related variable (23), wherein the determination is made independently of the oxygen-related signal of the at least one sensor (20).

[0186] The determination of the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as a function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the change to the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) ideally takes place independently of the at least one sensor (20).

[0187] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step of: determining the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as an exclusive function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and the change.

[0188] In an exclusive function there are no function arguments other than the specified function arguments.

[0189] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step of: determining the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as the sum of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and the change, wherein the determination is made independently of the oxygen-related signal of the at least one sensor (20).

[0190] The determination of the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as the sum of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and the change is ideally carried out independently of the at least one sensor (20).

[0191] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step of: determining the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as the difference between the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and the change, wherein the determination is made independently of the oxygen-related signal of the at least one sensor (20).

[0192] The determination is ideally carried out independently of the at least one sensor (20).

[0193] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein at least one setpoint characteristic curve (29) indicating a profile of a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure relative to the power-related variable (23) is stored in the memory, the method comprising the steps: after the first control signal has been sent, recording at least one oxygen-related signal, which indicates the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure, by the at least one sensor (20); sending the oxygen-related signal to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13); determining a measured value by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) based on the at least one oxygen-related signal; determining a second, current value of the power-related variable (23); loading the at least one setpoint characteristic curve (29) from the memory; assigning the second, current value of the power-related variable (23) to a setpoint value (27) based on the at least one setpoint characteristic curve (29); comparing the measured value with the setpoint value (27); generating a control signal based on the comparison between the measured value and the setpoint value (27);and sending the control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9), wherein the control signal causes the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) to change the at least one combustion variable. ;

[0194] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods including at least one setpoint characteristic curve (29), the method comprising the step: at least thirty seconds after the transmission of the first control signal, recording at least one oxygen-related signal, which indicates the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure, by the at least one sensor (20).

[0195] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods including at least one setpoint characteristic curve (29), the method comprising the step: At least twenty seconds after the first control signal has been sent, recording at least one oxygen-related signal, which indicates the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure, by the at least one sensor (20). The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods including at least one setpoint characteristic curve (29), the method comprising the step: at least ten seconds after the first control signal has been sent, recording at least one oxygen-related signal, which indicates the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure, by the at least one sensor (20).

[0196] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a control signal, the method comprising the steps: Receiving the control signal by the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9); and in response to the receipt of the control signal by the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9), changing the at least one combustion variable by the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9).

[0197] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a control signal, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises at least one second actuator (7-9, 3, 4) selected from the at least one fuel actuator (7-9) and the at least one air actuator (3, 4), wherein the at least one second actuator (7-9, 3, 4) is different from the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7-9), wherein at least one second characteristic curve (35, 36, 25) is stored in the memory, which indicates a second speed curve and / or a second position curve for the at least one second actuator (7-9, 3, 4) in relation to the power-related variable (23), the method comprising the steps: Assigning the second, current value of the power-related variable (23) to a second speed and / or to a second position based on the at least one second characteristic curve (35, 36, 25), wherein the assignment occurs independently of the change; determining a second control signal as a function of the second speed and / or the second position; and sending the second control signal to the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4), wherein the second control signal causes the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4) to change the at least one combustion variable.

[0198] The at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) and the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4) and the at least one sensor (20) and the memory are each communicatively connected to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13).

[0199] The mixed controlled and regulated operation enables a timely response of the combustion device (1) to changing ambient conditions. The controlled operation occurs independently of the at least one oxygen-related signal from the at least one sensor (20). The regulated operation takes into account at least one oxygen-related signal from the at least one sensor (20).

[0200] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a second control signal, the method comprising the steps: Receiving the second control signal by the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4); and in response to the receipt of the second control signal by the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4), changing the at least one combustion variable by the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4).

[0201] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a control signal, the method comprising the step of: determining a second, current value of the power-related variable (23) from the first, current value of the power-related variable (23).

[0202] It is possible that the power requirement of the combustion device (1) does not change during the transition from controlled operation to regulated operation. In this case, the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) is equal to the second, current value of the power-related variable (23). The combustion device (1) can therefore optimize combustion to the initial power requirement during controlled operation.

[0203] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a control signal, the method comprising the step of: determining a second, current value of the power-related variable (23) after the transmission of the first control signal.

[0204] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods including a setpoint characteristic curve (29), the method comprising the step of: determining a second, current value of the power-related variable (23) at least thirty seconds after the transmission of the first control signal.

[0205] The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods including a setpoint characteristic curve (29), the method comprising the step of: determining a second, current value of the power-related variable (23) at least twenty seconds after the transmission of the first control signal.

[0206] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods including a setpoint characteristic curve (29), the method comprising the step of: determining a second, current value of the power-related variable (23) at least ten seconds after the transmission of the first control signal.

[0207] In one embodiment, the second, current value of the power-related variable (23) is different from the first, current value of the power-related variable (23). It is possible that the power requirement for the combustion device (1) changes during the transition from controlled operation to regulated operation. The combustion device (1) can thus respond to changed power requirements.

[0208] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a control signal, the method comprising the steps: Checking the measured value for at least one error; if checking the measured value reveals at least one error: determining a third, current value of the power-related variable (23); determining a further input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control mode as a function of the second or third current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the change, wherein the determination is made independently of the oxygen-related signal of the at least one sensor (20); assigning the further input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control mode to a third speed and / or to a third position based on the at least one first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36); determining an emergency control signal as a function of the third speed and / or the third position;and sending the emergency control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9), wherein the emergency control signal causes the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) to change the at least one combustion variable. ;

[0209] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods including at least one error, wherein a limit value for the measured value is stored in the memory, the method comprising the steps: Checking the measured value for the at least one error by comparing the measured value with the limit value; and detecting the at least one error if the measured value is less than the limit value.

[0210] Incorrect measured values ​​can include, for example, negative residual oxygen levels and / or negative oxygen concentrations and / or negative oxygen partial pressures. In such a case, the limit value can be zero.

[0211] In a further embodiment, the at least one sensor (20) comprises a digital interface. The at least one sensor (20) can transmit at least one error signal to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) via the digital interface. Based on the at least one error signal, the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) determines a measured value that indicates the at least one error.

[0212] The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods including at least one error, the method comprising the steps: Checking the measured value for the at least one error by comparing the measured value with the limit value; and detecting the at least one error if the measured value is greater than the limit value.

[0213] For example, a residual oxygen content greater than 100 percent indicates at least one defect. Furthermore, a residual oxygen content greater than 21 percent may indicate at least one defect.

[0214] The present disclosure further teaches a combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), an air supply channel (11) leading to the combustion chamber (2), a fuel supply channel leading to the combustion chamber (2), at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) selected from at least one air actuator (3, 4) which is responsive to an air supply V̇ L through the air supply channel (11), and at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which reacts to a fuel supply V̇ B ,acts through the fuel supply channel, the combustion device (1) comprising at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4) selected from the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) and the at least one air actuator (3, 4), wherein the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4) is different from the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9), the combustion device (1) comprising an exhaust gas path (10), at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) in the exhaust gas path (10) and a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) with a memory in which at least one first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36), which indicates a first speed curve and / or a first position curve for the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) in relation to a power-related variable (23), and at least one second characteristic curve (35, 36, 25), which for the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3,4) indicates a second speed curve and / or a second position curve relative to the power-related variable (23), and a change that is different from zero and a limit value for a measured value are stored, wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) is communicatively connected to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) and to the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4) and to the at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) and to the memory and is designed to carry out one of the aforementioned methods.

[0215] The present disclosure further teaches a computer program comprising instructions which cause the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) of one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1) to carry out the method steps according to one of the aforementioned methods.

[0216] The present disclosure further teaches a computer-readable medium on which the aforementioned computer program or one of the aforementioned computer programs is stored.

[0217] The above relates to individual embodiments of the disclosure. Various modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the underlying idea and without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The subject matter of the present disclosure is defined by the claims. Various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the following claims. Reference symbol

[0218] 1: Combustion device 2: Combustion chamber 3: Fan with (optional) variable speed 4: Air damper with actuator 5: Supply air 6: Fuel for combustion 7: Safety shut-off valve 8: Safety shut-off valve 9: Fuel actuator with actuator for changing the fuel supply 10: Exhaust gas path, in particular exhaust gas stack and / or flue gas stack and / or chimney 11: Air supply duct 12: Sensor for detecting the air supply (air mass flow / speed etc.) 13: Regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device 14: Control signal for air damper (setting angle) 15: Control signal for fan speed (optional) 16: Measurement signal from the air supply sensor 17: Open / close signal for safety shut-off valve 18: Open / close signal for safety shut-off valve 19: Control signal for fuel actuator (e.g. setting angle / step position) 20: Sensor in the exhaust gas duct 21: Measurement signal from the sensor in the exhaust duct 22: positions and / or speeds 23: power-related size,in particular burner output or current burner output 24: Characteristic curve for the motor-driven fan, in particular control characteristic curve for the motor-driven fan 25: Characteristic curve for the fuel actuator, in particular control characteristic curve for the fuel actuator or control characteristic curve for the fuel actuator 26: Characteristic curve for the air damper, in particular control characteristic curve for the air damper 27: Oxygen concentration and / or oxygen partial pressure and / or residual oxygen content 28: Characteristic curve of the maximum oxygen concentration and / or the maximum oxygen partial pressure and / or the maximum residual oxygen content 29: Setpoint characteristic curve of the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure and / or the residual oxygen content 30: Characteristic curve of the minimum oxygen concentration and / or the minimum oxygen partial pressure and / or the minimum residual oxygen content 31: relative fluid output 32: Change characteristic curve,in particular relative fluid power characteristic curve 33: Arrow concerning shift of the operating point of the fuel actuator 34: Arrow concerning shift of the operating point of the fan 3 or the air flap 4 35: Characteristic curve for the motor-driven fan, in particular control characteristic curve for the motor-driven fan 36: Characteristic curve for the air flap, in particular control characteristic curve for the air flap,

Claims

1. Method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), an air supply channel (11) leading to the combustion chamber (2), a fuel supply channel leading to the combustion chamber (2), at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) selected from at least one air actuator (3, 4) which is responsive to an air supply V̇ L through the air supply channel (11), and at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which reacts to a fuel supply V̇ B acts through the fuel supply channel, the combustion device (1) comprising an exhaust gas path (10), at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) in the exhaust gas path (10) and a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) with a memory in which at least one first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36) which indicates a first speed curve and / or a first position curve for the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) in relation to a power-related variable (23), and a change which is different from zero, are stored, the method comprising the steps of: loading the at least one first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36) and the change from the memory; determining a first, current value of the power-related variable (23);Determining a first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control mode as a function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the change, wherein the determination is made independently of an oxygen-related signal from the at least one sensor (20); Assigning the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control mode to a first rotational speed and / or to a first position based on the at least one first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36); Determining a first control signal as a function of the first rotational speed and / or the first position; and Sending the first control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7-9), wherein the first control signal causes the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7-9) to change at least one combustion variable selected from the air supply; V̇ L and / or the fuel supply V̇ B initiated.

2. The method according to claim 1, comprising the steps of: starting combustion in the combustion device (1); and sending the first control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7-9) within five seconds after the start of combustion.

3. The method according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the change is different from zero and constant, the method comprising the step of: determining the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as a function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the first, constant change, wherein the determination is made independently of the oxygen-related signal of the at least one sensor (20).

4. The method according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein at least one change characteristic curve (32) indicating a change profile relative to the power-related variable (23) is stored in the memory, the method comprising the steps of: loading the at least one change characteristic curve (32) from the memory; determining the change to the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) by assigning the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) based on the at least one change characteristic curve (32); and determining the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control mode as a function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the change to the first, current value of the power-related variable (23), wherein the determination is made independently of the oxygen-related signal of the at least one sensor (20).

5. The method according to one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising the step of: determining the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as an exclusive function of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and the change.

6. The method according to one of claims 3 to 5, the method comprising the step of: determining the first input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control operation as the sum of the first, current value of the power-related variable (23) and the change, wherein the determination is made independently of the oxygen-related signal of the at least one sensor (20).

7. The method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least one setpoint characteristic curve (29) is stored in the memory, which indicates a profile of a residual oxygen content and / or an oxygen concentration and / or an oxygen partial pressure in relation to the power-related variable (23), the method comprising the steps: chronologically after the transmission of the first control signal, recording at least one oxygen-related signal, which indicates the residual oxygen content and / or the oxygen concentration and / or the oxygen partial pressure, by the at least one sensor (20); transmitting the oxygen-related signal to the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13); determining a measured value by the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) based on the at least one oxygen-related signal; determining a second, current value of the power-related variable (23);Loading the at least one setpoint characteristic curve (29) from the memory; Assigning the second, current value of the power-related variable (23) to a setpoint (27) based on the at least one setpoint characteristic curve (29); Comparing the measured value with the setpoint (27); Generating a control signal based on the comparison between the measured value and the setpoint (27); and Sending the control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7-9), wherein the control signal causes the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7-9) to change the at least one combustion variable.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises at least one second actuator (7-9, 3, 4) selected from the at least one fuel actuator (7-9) and the at least one air actuator (3, 4), wherein the at least one second actuator (7-9, 3, 4) is different from the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7-9), wherein at least one second characteristic curve (35, 36, 25) is stored in the memory, which indicates a second speed profile and / or a second position profile for the at least one second actuator (7-9, 3, 4) in relation to the power-related variable (23), the method comprising the steps of: Assigning the second, current value of the power-related variable (23) to a second speed and / or to a second position based on the at least one second characteristic curve (35, 36, 25), wherein the assignment is independent of the change occurs;Determining a second control signal as a function of the second rotational speed and / or the second position; and sending the second control signal to the at least one second actuator (7-9, 3, 4), wherein the second control signal causes the at least one second actuator (7-9, 3, 4) to change the at least one combustion variable.

9. The method according to one of claims 7 to 8, the method comprising the step of: determining a second, current value of the performance-related variable (23) from the first, current value of the performance-related variable (23).

10. The method according to one of claims 7 to 8, the method comprising the step of: determining a second, current value of the power-related variable (23) after the transmission of the first control signal.

11. The method according to one of claims 7 to 10, the method comprising the steps of: checking the measured value for at least one error; if the check of the measured value reveals the at least one error: determining a third, current value of the power-related variable (23); determining a further input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control mode as a function of the second or third current value of the power-related variable (23) and as a function of the change, wherein the determination is made independently of the oxygen-related signal of the at least one sensor (20); assigning the further input value of the power-related variable (23) for the control mode to a third speed and / or to a third position based on the at least one first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36); determining an emergency control signal as a function of the third speed and / or the third position;and sending the emergency control signal to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9), wherein the emergency control signal causes the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) to change the at least one combustion variable; 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein a limit value for the measured value is stored in the memory, the method comprising the steps of: checking the measured value for the at least one error by comparing the measured value with the limit value; and detecting the at least one error if the measured value is less than the limit value.

13. Combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), an air supply channel (11) leading to the combustion chamber (2), a fuel supply channel leading to the combustion chamber (2), at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) selected from at least one air actuator (3, 4) which is responsive to an air supply V̇ L through the air supply channel (11), and at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) which reacts to a fuel supply V̇ B acts through the fuel supply channel, the combustion device (1) comprising at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4) selected from the at least one fuel actuator (7 - 9) and the at least one air actuator (3, 4), wherein the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4) is different from the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9), the combustion device (1) comprising an exhaust gas path (10), at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) in the exhaust gas path (10) and a regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) with a memory in which at least one first characteristic curve (25, 35, 36), which indicates a first speed curve and / or a first position curve for the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) in relation to a power-related variable (23), and at least one second characteristic curve (35, 36, 25), which for the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3,4) indicates a second speed curve and / or a second position curve relative to the power-related variable (23), and a change that is different from zero and a limit value for a measured value are stored, wherein the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) is communicatively connected to the at least one first actuator (3, 4, 7 - 9) and to the at least one second actuator (7 - 9, 3, 4) and to the at least one oxygen-related sensor (20) and to the memory and is designed to carry out one of the methods according to claims 1 to 12.

14. Computer program comprising instructions which cause the regulating and / or control and / or monitoring device (13) of the combustion device (1) according to claim 13 to carry out the method steps according to one of claims 1 to 12.

15. A computer-readable medium on which the computer program according to claim 14 is stored.

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