Magnetic armature, electromagnetic actuator and method for producing the magnetic armature
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2023813590
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-11-23
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-01
AI Technical Summary
Magnet armatures in electromagnetic actuators face high friction and wear due to their interaction with the armature guide unit, leading to reduced switching cycles and increased manufacturing costs, particularly in areas with significant tribological loads.
A magnet armature with a sliding unit applied to its outer surface, covering only a portion of the lateral surface, reduces friction and wear by using a low-friction coating such as PTFE-based varnish, optimizing tribological behavior and minimizing material usage and costs.
The solution significantly reduces friction and wear, increasing the number of switching cycles and extending the lifespan of the magnet armature while lowering production costs and environmental impact.
Smart Images
Figure 1.1
Abstract
Description
[0001] Magnet armature, electromagnetic actuator and method for producing the magnet armature
[0002] State of the art
[0003] The invention relates to a magnet armature according to the preamble of claim 1, an electromagnetic actuator according to claim 16 and a method for producing the magnet armature according to the preamble of claim 17.
[0004] It has already been proposed that magnet armatures for electromagnetic actuators have a sliding unit arranged on an outer surface to reduce friction in a pole tube of the electromagnetic actuator.
[0005] The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a generic device with advantageous properties in terms of efficiency, in particular with regard to tribological behavior and / or manufacturing costs. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claims 1, 16, and 17, while advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.
[0006] Advantages of the invention
[0007] The invention is based on a magnet armature for an electromagnetic actuator, comprising an outer surface and a sliding unit arranged on the outer surface of the magnet armature for optimizing a tribological behavior of the magnet armature, such as reducing wear of the magnet armature and / or friction of the magnet armature with a magnet armature guide unit of the electromagnetic actuator, such as an armature guide tube or pole tube.
[0008] It is proposed that the sliding unit covers only part of the overall surface area of the magnet armature, in particular an armature running surface of the magnet armature. This allows advantageous properties with regard to the tribological behavior of the magnet armature to be achieved. Friction and / or wear of the magnet armature as a result of movement in the magnet armature guide unit can advantageously be kept as low as possible. This advantageously allows the number of switching cycles of an electromagnetic actuator with the magnet armature according to the invention to be increased. Advantageously, the coating can be limited to areas of the outer surface of the magnet armature, in particular the overall surface area of the magnet armature, which are exposed to friction during movement in the magnet armature guide unit and / or in a neutral state of the magnet armature in the magnet armature guide unit (i.e.particularly when the magnet armature is mounted stationary in the magnet armature guide unit) have a touching contact with the inner walls of the magnet armature guide unit. For example, when the magnet armature moves in the magnet armature guide unit or when the magnet armature is in the neutral state in the magnet guide unit, a minimal tilting of the magnet armature in the magnet armature guide unit can occur, in particular due to a minimal play of, for example, a few hundredths of a millimeter, so that a flat-surface magnet armature only touches the inner walls of the magnet armature guide unit diametrically ("top left and bottom right" or vice versa) and a remainder of an outer surface of the flat-surface magnet armature, in particular the entire outer surface of the flat-surface magnet armature, remains free of contact with the inner walls of the magnet armature guide unit.As a rule, a magnet armature mounted with minimal play in the magnet armature guide unit is never in axially continuous or full-surface contact with the inner walls of the magnet armature guide unit, at least when the magnet armature is new, but is slightly tilted. Therefore, at least when starting or stopping a movement, increased tribological stress can act on the edge areas of the outer surface of the magnet armature, in particular the entire surface of the magnet armature. The proposed invention advantageously reduces or prevents this effect.
[0009] The magnet armature is designed in particular as a linearly movable armature. Alternatively, however, a design of the magnet armature as a rotating armature is also conceivable. In particular, the armature is intended to interact with an electromagnetic field of a magnetic coil of the electromagnetic actuator. In particular, the armature is intended to experience a force, in particular a kinetic force, as a result of the interaction with the electromagnetic field of the magnetic coil. Preferably, the force acting on the magnet armature as a result of the interaction with the electromagnetic field of the magnetic coil moves the magnet armature at least linearly along the magnetic guide unit of the electromagnetic actuator. The magnet armature forms in particular a movable magnetic core, in particular an iron core, of the electromagnetic actuator.The magnetic actuator can be formed at least partially, preferably at least largely, from soft iron (sheet or solid material). Alternative magnetic armature materials, such as silicon-iron alloys (electrical sheet), nickel-iron alloys, cobalt-iron alloys, aluminum-iron alloys, or ferrite materials, are also conceivable. In particular, the electromagnetic actuator forms an electromagnet. The magnetic armature can have an at least substantially cylindrical outer shape. Preferably, the magnetic armature is mounted so as to be movable in the axial direction of the cylindrical outer shape. Preferably, the entire outer surface of the magnetic armature forms the outer surface of the cylindrical outer shape of the magnetic armature. In particular, the entire outer surface of the magnetic armature forms the so-called running surface or outer surface of the magnetic armature.The sliding unit is preferably designed as a component of the magnet armature which has a substantially reduced sliding friction coefficient and / or static friction coefficient, in particular compared to a friction coefficient of a “bare” magnet armature (i.e. in particular of the magnetically active material of the magnet armature).
[0010] Preferably, the sliding friction coefficient and / or the static friction coefficient is reduced by at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, due to the sliding unit compared to the uncovered / "bare" magnet armature. The sliding unit can be applied to the outer surface of the magnet armature, in particular the magnetically active material part of the magnet armature, by coating, painting, gluing, or by another surface application method known to those skilled in the art. The magnet armature guide unit is formed in particular by an armature guide tube of the electromagnetic actuator, a pole tube of the electromagnetic actuator, a core tube of the electromagnetic actuator, or the like. Preferably, the magnet coil(s) of the electromagnetic actuator are arranged / wound around at least part of the magnet armature guide unit or around the entire magnet armature guide unit.The magnet armature guide unit is preferably provided for guiding, in particular linearly guiding, the magnet armature, which is moved by the force generated as a result of the interaction with the electromagnetic field of the magnet coil. "Provided" is understood to mean, in particular, being specially programmed, designed, and / or equipped. The fact that an object is provided for a specific function is understood to mean, in particular, that the object fulfills and / or performs this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state.
[0011] It is further proposed that the sliding unit be formed by a layer of anti-friction varnish. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve high durability and / or service life. In addition, efficient, e.g. cost-effective and rapid, application of the sliding unit can be advantageously enabled. The anti-friction varnish layer can be formed as a coating of anti-friction varnish or as a coating of anti-friction varnish. It is conceivable that the anti-friction varnish layer is formed as a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based anti-friction varnish layer, in particular a layer of PTFE anti-friction varnish. However, alternative anti-friction varnishes are also conceivable. In particular, the magnet armature is partially covered by the sliding unit on its outer surface, in particular on its entire outer surface, preferably at least on the running surface or the outer surface, and is preferably partially coated with the layer of anti-friction varnish.The sliding unit is raised relative to a sliding-unit-free outer surface of the magnet armature (minimally, e.g., 1 mm or less). Alternatively, however, the sliding unit could also be at least substantially flush with the sliding-unit-free outer surface of the magnet armature.
[0012] If the sliding unit covers less than 75%, preferably less than 50%, more preferably less than 40%, and particularly preferably less than 30% of the total surface area, high efficiency can advantageously be achieved, particularly with regard to manufacturing expenditure, such as costs, material consumption, and time expenditure. Advantageously, by only partially covering the entire surface area by the sliding unit, material requirements, in particular the need for anti-friction coating, can be significantly reduced. In addition to reducing costs, this can advantageously increase occupational safety and / or environmental compatibility, particularly if the sliding unit contains materials that are critical to health or the environment.
[0013] It is also proposed that the sliding unit be arranged only in the respective near areas of both axial ends of the overall surface of the magnet armature or only in a near area of a single one of the two axial ends of the overall surface of the magnet armature. This advantageously achieves particularly efficient protection against tribological loads that is advantageous in terms of environmental compatibility and / or occupational safety, particularly since in many cases the areas near the axial ends of the magnet armature are subject to particularly high tribological loads. The near area preferably comprises the respective edges of the respective axial ends of the overall surface.In this context, a "near region of an axial end of the overall surface" is to be understood in particular as a region of the overall surface formed from points on the overall surface that are spaced from the edge of the axial end of the overall surface by at most 25% of the total axial extent of the overall surface, preferably at most 15% of the total axial extent of the overall surface, preferably at most 10% of the total axial extent of the overall surface, and particularly preferably at most 5% of the total axial extent of the overall surface. The axial end of the overall surface is formed in particular by the cylinder cover / cylinder base located in the axial direction of the at least substantially cylindrical magnet armature.
[0014] Furthermore, it is proposed that a central region, in particular an axial one, of the total surface area, which comprises at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, and preferably at least 60% of a total longitudinal extension of the magnet armature, in particular in the axial direction of the magnet armature, be formed free of the sliding unit over an entire circumference of the outer surface. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve particularly efficient protection against tribological loads in combination with a significant reduction in costs and / or good environmental and / or occupational safety compatibility. In particular, the central region of the total surface area extends equally far in both axial directions of the total surface area, starting from an axial center, in particular half the longitudinal extension of the magnet armature.
[0015] Alternatively, it is proposed that the central region of the overall surface area, which comprises at least 40%, preferably at least 50%, and preferably at least 60% of the entire longitudinal extent of the magnet armature, be partially covered by the sliding unit. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve particularly reliable protection against tribological loads, in which a reliable reduction in friction and / or wear can be achieved in as many conceivable situations as possible, in particular positions of the magnet armature in the magnet armature guide unit. In particular, depending on the number of switching cycles, a contact surface between the magnet armature and the magnet armature guide unit can widen towards the central region, so that partial coverage of the overall surface area, in particular also within the central region, can be advantageous.
[0016] If one axial edge region of the outer surface or both axial edge regions of the outer surface are partially or completely covered by the sliding unit, particularly effective protection against tribological loads can advantageously be achieved, especially since in many cases the axial edge regions of the magnet armature are subject to particularly high tribological loads. In particular, the axial edge region comprises at least the edge of the respective axial end of the magnet armature. In particular, the sliding unit can extend beyond the edge in both axial directions, starting from the edge. The sliding unit can extend from the outer surface of the cylindrical magnet armature over the edge into at least part of the base area of the cylindrical magnet armature.
[0017] Alternatively, it is proposed that one axial edge region of the outer surface or both axial edge regions of the outer surface be free of coverage by the sliding unit. This can advantageously ensure that the sliding unit sits securely on the magnet armature. Potential weakening of the adhesion of the sliding unit to the edge can advantageously be avoided. In addition, manufacturing efficiency can advantageously be improved, in particular by leaving out the edge region, which is significantly more complex to provide with a flat sliding unit, when applying the sliding unit. This can advantageously keep production waste to a minimum. If the sliding unit has a large number of sliding elements arranged separately from one another on the outer surface, high efficiency, in particular material efficiency and / or cost efficiency, can advantageously be achieved.Advantageously, the total amount of material required per magnet armature to manufacture the sliding unit can be significantly reduced. The sliding elements can have at least partially uniform and / or at least partially differently shaped contours. For example, it is conceivable for the sliding unit to have at least two or more uniform (with identical contours and dimensions) sliding elements. Alternatively or additionally, the sliding unit can have at least two or more differently shaped (with different contours and / or dimensions) sliding elements.
[0018] In this context, it is proposed that at least one of the sliding elements, preferably several of the sliding elements and preferably all of the sliding elements, have an at least substantially circular outline or an at least substantially oval outline. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve the smallest possible ratio of circumference to area of the individual sliding elements. A “substantially circular outline” can in particular also be understood to mean an outline which has a partial circle shape in only one partial area, such as a semicircle. A “substantially oval outline” can in particular also be understood to mean an outline which has a partial oval shape in only one partial area, such as a half-oval.
[0019] It is also proposed that at least one of the sliding elements, preferably several of the sliding elements, and preferably all of the sliding elements, is / are strip-shaped or band-shaped. This advantageously makes it possible to align the sliding elements on the entire surface, e.g., relative to the axial direction of the magnet armature. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve particularly good tribological properties. A strip shape and / or a band shape is to be understood in particular as an elongated shape with a non-zero transverse extent. Preferably, the extension of a strip-shaped and / or band-shaped sliding element in a surface direction (direction running on the entire surface) is at least three times as long as its extension in a surface direction at least substantially perpendicular thereto (a surface curvature of the entire surface is to be disregarded).
[0020] If a main extension direction of at least one of the strip-shaped or band-shaped sliding elements then runs at least substantially parallel to an axial direction of the, in particular cylindrical, magnet armature, an additional movement guidance function can advantageously be achieved by the sliding unit.
[0021] If, alternatively or additionally, a main extension direction of at least one strip-shaped or band-shaped sliding element runs obliquely to an axial direction of the magnet armature and / or if at least one of the band-shaped sliding elements runs at least substantially spirally around the outer surface, particularly good coverage of a large part of the overall surface area can advantageously be achieved while simultaneously reducing the amount of material required for the sliding unit. In addition, this can advantageously reduce the risk of the magnet armature tilting during movement in the magnet armature guide unit. In particular, a longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped or band-shaped sliding element runs obliquely to the axial direction by at least ±10°, preferably by at least ±20°, more preferably by at least ±30°, and particularly preferably by less than ±80°.In particular, the sliding element which runs spirally around the outer surface forms a right-hand spiral or a left-hand spiral. The sliding element which runs spirally around the outer surface can extend over the entire axial extent of the entire outer surface or only over a part of the entire axial extent of the entire outer surface. In addition, the entire outer surface can comprise a plurality of spiral sliding elements. The spiral sliding element can also form part of an interrupted spiral formed from a plurality of sliding elements. In particular, the sliding element which runs spirally around the outer surface extends over at least half, preferably over at least one complete revolution around the circumference of the entire outer surface of the magnet armature. The sliding elements are raised relative to an outer surface of the magnet armature which is free of sliding elements (minimally, e.g. 1 mm or less).Alternatively, however, the sliding elements could also be formed at least substantially flush with the sliding element-free outer surface of the magnet armature.
[0022] If, in addition, at least a subset of the sliding elements exceeding two in number are arranged at least substantially regular intervals, in particular with one or more recurring spacing intervals, from one another on the overall surface, advantageous sliding properties of the magnet armature in the magnet armature guide unit can be achieved. Furthermore, a further subset of the sliding elements, e.g., also exceeding two in number, can be arranged at irregular intervals from one another on the overall surface.
[0023] Additionally, an electromagnetic actuator, in particular a pneumatic valve, with the solenoid armature is proposed. This advantageously allows for a high longevity of the electromagnetic actuator, particularly combined with reduced costs and high environmental and / or occupational safety compatibility. In particular, the electromagnetic actuator has a high number of switching cycles.
[0024] Furthermore, a method for producing the magnet armature is proposed, wherein, in at least one manufacturing step, the sliding unit is applied to the outer surface of the magnet armature, in particular by coating, gluing, or painting, to optimize the tribological behavior of the magnet armature, such as reducing wear and / or friction with the magnet armature guide unit. In this manufacturing step, only a portion of the total surface area of the magnet armature, in particular an armature running surface of the magnet armature, is covered with the sliding unit. This allows advantageous properties with regard to the tribological behavior of the magnet armature to be achieved, in particular combined with reduced costs and high environmental and / or occupational safety compatibility.Coating is understood, in particular, as a manufacturing process in which a layer of a formless material is applied to the surface of an object. Coating encompasses a wide variety of different manufacturing processes. For example, the standard DIN 8580:2003-09, under the main category "Coating," includes a list of conceivable manufacturing processes for applying the sliding unit.
[0025] The magnet armature according to the invention, the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention, and the method according to the invention are not intended to be limited to the application and embodiment described above. In particular, the magnet armature according to the invention, the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention, and the method according to the invention may have a number of individual elements, components, and units that differs from the number stated herein in order to fulfill a function described herein.
[0026] Drawings
[0027] Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the drawings. Ten exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings. The drawings, the description, and the claims contain numerous features in combination. Those skilled in the art will also expediently consider the features individually and combine them into useful further combinations.
[0028] They show:
[0029] Fig. 1 shows a schematic side sectional view of an electromagnetic actuator with a magnet armature, Fig. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for producing the magnet armature,
[0030] Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a first alternative magnet armature,
[0031] Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a second alternative magnet armature,
[0032] Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a third alternative magnet armature,
[0033] Fig. 6 is a schematic side view of a fourth alternative magnet armature,
[0034] Fig. 7 is a schematic side view of a fifth alternative magnet armature,
[0035] Fig. 8 is a schematic side view of a sixth alternative magnet armature,
[0036] Fig. 9 is a schematic side view of a seventh alternative magnet armature,
[0037] Fig. 10 is a schematic side view of an eighth alternative magnet armature and
[0038] Fig. 11 is a schematic side view of a ninth alternative magnet armature.
[0039] Description of the embodiments
[0040] Figure 1 schematically shows an electromagnetic actuator 12a in a side sectional view. The electromagnetic actuator 12a can be designed as a pneumatic valve. The electromagnetic actuator 12a is intended and configured for high switching cycle rates. The electromagnetic actuator 12a is designed as an electromagnet. The electromagnetic actuator 12a has a magnetic coil 48a. The magnetic coil 48a is provided for generating an electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic actuator 12a has a magnetic armature 10a. The electromagnetic field of the magnetic coil 48a is provided for setting the magnetic armature 10a into a linear movement. The electromagnetic actuator 12a comprises a magnetic armature guide unit 18a. The magnetic armature guide unit 18a is designed as a pole tube. The magnetic armature guide unit 18a is provided for longitudinally movable guidance of a movement of the magnetic armature 10a.
[0041] For illustrative purposes, the magnet armature 10a is mounted in the magnet armature guide unit 18a in Figure 1 with excessive play. The play that is usually actually present is significantly smaller. However, this illustration can illustrate a common wear hotspot. Due to this play, the magnet armature 10a can easily tilt in the magnet armature guide unit 18a and thus have preferential contact points that are often subject to increased friction and thus increased wear. The magnet armature 10a has a cylindrical outer shape. The magnet armature 10a has an axial direction 46a. The magnet armature 10a has a longitudinal extension 34a in the axial direction 46a. The magnet armature 10a has an outer surface 14a. The (cylindrical) magnet armature 10a has a total surface area 20a. The (cylindrical) magnet armature 10a has base surfaces 50a, 52a.
[0042] The magnet armature 10a has a sliding unit 16a. The sliding unit 16a is formed by one or more layers of anti-friction varnish. The sliding unit 16a is arranged on the outer surface 14a of the magnet armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a is arranged on the entire surface 20a of the magnet armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a is provided to optimize the tribological behavior of the magnet armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a is provided to reduce friction between the magnet armature 10a and the magnet armature guide unit 18a. The sliding unit 16a is provided to reduce wear on the magnet armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a covers only a portion of the entire surface 20a of the magnet armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a covers only a portion of an armature running surface of the magnet armature 10a.The sliding unit 16a covers only those parts of the total surface area 20a of the magnet armature 10a that have the highest probability of contact with the magnet armature guide unit 18a. The sliding unit 16a covers less than 50% of the total surface area 20a of the magnet armature 10a. The sliding unit 16a is arranged only in a single near region 24a of a single one of two axial ends 26a, 28a of the total surface area 20a of the magnet armature 10a. A central region 32a of the total surface area 20a, which comprises at least 60% of the total longitudinal extension 34a of the magnet armature 10a, is formed free of the sliding unit 16a over an entire circumference of the outer surface 14a. Only an axial edge region 36a of the outer surface 14a of the magnet armature 10a is completely covered by the sliding unit 16a. A further axial edge region 38a of the outer surface 14a is free from coverage by the sliding unit 16a.The sliding unit 16a completely covers one of the axial edge regions 36a of the outer surface 14a of the magnet armature 10a.
[0043] Figure 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method for manufacturing the magnet armature 10a. In at least one manufacturing step 54a, the magnet armature 10a is manufactured and provided with an uncoated surface. In at least one manufacturing step 22a, the sliding unit 16a is applied to the outer surface 14a of the magnet armature 10a. In the manufacturing step 22a, only a portion of the total surface area 20a of the magnet armature 10a is covered with the sliding unit 16a. The magnet armature 10a can then be installed into the magnet armature guide unit 18a of the electromagnetic actuator 12a.
[0044] Figures 3 to 11 show nine further exemplary embodiments of the invention. The following descriptions and the drawings are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, whereby with regard to components with the same designation, in particular with regard to components with the same reference numerals, reference can in principle also be made to the drawings and / or the description of the other exemplary embodiments, in particular Figures 1 and 2. To distinguish the exemplary embodiments, the letter a is placed after the reference numerals of the exemplary embodiment in Figures 1 and 2. In the exemplary embodiments in Figures 3 to 11, the letter a is replaced by the letters b to j.
[0045] Figure 3 shows a schematic side view of a first alternative magnet armature 10b. The first alternative magnet armature 10b has a longitudinal extension 34b. The first alternative magnet armature 10b has a sliding unit 16b. The sliding unit 16b is arranged on an outer surface 14b of the first alternative magnet armature 10b. The sliding unit 16b is arranged on an overall surface 20b of the first alternative magnet armature 10b. The sliding unit 16b covers only a part of the overall surface 20b of the first alternative magnet armature 10b. The sliding unit 16b covers less than 60% of the overall surface 20b of the first alternative magnet armature 10b. The sliding unit 16b is arranged only in a single close region 24b of a single one of two axial ends 26b, 28b of the total surface area 20b of the first alternative magnet armature 10b.A central region 32b of the total surface area 20b, which comprises at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent 34b of the first alternative magnet armature 10b, is formed free of the sliding unit 16b over an entire circumference of the outer surface 14b. Both axial edge regions 36b, 38b of the outer surface 14b are free of any coverage by the sliding unit 16b. The sliding unit 16b has a plurality of sliding elements 40b, 42b. The sliding elements 40b, 42b are arranged separately from one another on the outer surface 14b. Several of the sliding elements 40b, 42b, and in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 even all of the sliding elements 40b, 42b, have a circular outline. Alternatively, oval outlines are also conceivable. At least a subset of the sliding elements 40b, 42b exceeding the number two are arranged spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction at regular intervals on the total surface 20b.The sliding elements 40b, 42b of the embodiment of Fig. 3 are arranged circumferentially around the outer surface 14b of the magnet armature 10b at approximately equal distances from an edge 56b of the first alternative magnet armature 10b. The sliding elements 40b, 42b are raised relative to a sliding-element-free outer surface 14b of the first alternative magnet armature 10b.
[0046] Figure 4 shows a schematic side view of a second alternative magnet armature 10c. The second alternative magnet armature 10c has a longitudinal extension 34c. The second alternative magnet armature 10c has a sliding unit 16c. The sliding unit 16c is arranged on an outer surface 14c of the second alternative magnet armature 10c. The sliding unit 16c is arranged on an overall surface 20c of the second alternative magnet armature 10c. The sliding unit 16c covers only a part of the overall surface 20c of the second alternative magnet armature 10c. The sliding unit 16c covers less than 50% of the overall surface 20c of the second alternative magnet armature 10c. A central region 32c of the total surface area 20c, which comprises at least 40% of the total longitudinal extent 34c of the second alternative magnet armature 10c, is partially covered by the sliding unit 16c.Both axial edge regions 36c, 38c of the outer surface 14c are free of coverage by the sliding unit 16c. The sliding unit 16c has a plurality of sliding elements 40c, 42c. The sliding elements 40c, 42c are arranged separately from one another on the outer surface 14c. Several of the sliding elements 40c, 42c, and in the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 4 even all of the sliding elements 40c, 42c, have a circular outline. Alternatively, oval outlines are also conceivable. At least a subset of the sliding elements 40c, 42c exceeding the number two are arranged spaced from one another in the circumferential direction and in the longitudinal direction at regular intervals on the overall lateral surface 20c. The sliding elements 40c, 42c of the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 4 are distributed in a regular pattern over almost the entire outer surface 14c.
[0047] Figure 5 shows a schematic side view of a third alternative magnet armature 10d. The third alternative magnet armature 10d has a longitudinal extension 34d. The third alternative magnet armature 10d has a sliding unit 16d. The sliding unit 16d is arranged on an outer surface 14d of the third alternative magnet armature 10d. The sliding unit 16d is arranged on a total surface area 20d of the third alternative magnet armature 10d. The sliding unit 16d covers only a part of the total surface area 20d of the third alternative magnet armature 10d. The sliding unit 16d covers less than 50% of the total surface area 20d of the third alternative magnet armature 10d. A central region 32d of the total surface area 20d, which comprises at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent 34d of the third alternative magnet armature 10d, is formed free of the sliding unit 16d over an entire circumference of the outer surface 14d.Both axial edge regions 36d, 38d of the outer surface 14d are free of coverage by the sliding unit 16d. The sliding unit 16d has a plurality of sliding elements 40d, 42d. The sliding elements 40d, 42d are arranged separately from one another on the outer surface 14d. Several of the sliding elements 40d, 42d, and in the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 5 even all of the sliding elements 40d, 42d, have a circular outline. Alternatively, oval outlines are also conceivable. At least a subset of the sliding elements 40d, 42d exceeding the number two are arranged circumferentially at regular intervals from one another on the overall lateral surface 20d, spaced apart in several rings of sliding elements 40d, 42d distributed along the longitudinal direction. The sliding unit 16d is arranged only in respective close regions 24d, 30d of both axial ends 26d, 28d of the total surface area 20d.
[0048] Figure 6 shows a schematic side view of a fourth alternative magnet armature 10e. The fourth alternative magnet armature 10e has a longitudinal extension 34e. The fourth alternative magnet armature 10e has a sliding unit 16e. The sliding unit 16e is arranged on an outer surface 14e of the fourth alternative magnet armature 10e. The sliding unit 16e is arranged on an overall surface 20e of the fourth alternative magnet armature 10e. The sliding unit 16e covers only a part of the overall surface 20e of the fourth alternative magnet armature 10e. The sliding unit 16e covers less than 50% of the overall surface 20e of the fourth alternative magnet armature 10e. A central region 32e of the total surface area 20e, which comprises at least 40% of the total longitudinal extent 34e of the second alternative magnet armature 10e, is partially covered by the sliding unit 16e.Both axial edge regions 36e, 38e of the outer surface 14e are free of coverage by the sliding unit 16e. The sliding unit 16e has a plurality of sliding elements 40e, 42e. The sliding elements 40e, 42e are arranged separately from one another on the outer surface 14e. Several of the sliding elements 40e, 42e, and in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Fig. 6, even all of the sliding elements 40e, 42e, extend in strip-like and / or band-like fashion. A main extension direction 44e of the strip-like and / or band-like sliding elements 40e, 42e runs at least substantially parallel to an axial direction 46e of the fourth alternative magnet armature 10e. The at least one subset of the sliding elements 40e, 42e exceeding the number two are arranged in the circumferential direction at regular intervals from one another on the total surface 20e in a ring of sliding elements 40e, 42e.Each of the strip-shaped and / or band-shaped sliding elements 40e, 42e extends over a large part, in particular over more than 80%, of the longitudinal extension 34e of the total lateral surface 20e.
[0049] Figure 7 shows a schematic side view of a fifth alternative magnet armature 10f. The fifth alternative magnet armature 10f has a longitudinal extension 34f. The fifth alternative magnet armature 10f has a sliding unit 16f. The sliding unit 16f is arranged on an outer surface 14f of the fifth alternative magnet armature 10f. The sliding unit 16f is arranged on a total surface area 20f of the fifth alternative magnet armature 10f. The sliding unit 16f covers only a part of the total surface area 20f of the fifth alternative magnet armature 10f. The sliding unit 16f covers less than 50% of the total surface area 20f of the fifth alternative magnet armature 10f. A central region 32f of the total surface area 20f, which comprises at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent 34f of the fifth alternative magnet armature 10f, is formed free of the sliding unit 16f over an entire circumference of the outer surface 14f.Both axial edge regions 36f, 38f of the outer surface 14f are free of coverage by the sliding unit 16f. The sliding unit 16f has a plurality of sliding elements 40f, 42f. The sliding elements 40f, 42f are arranged separately from one another on the outer surface 14f. Several of the sliding elements 40f, 42f, and in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Fig. 7, even all of the sliding elements 40f, 42f, are extended in strip-like and / or band-like configurations. A main extension direction 44f of the strip-like and / or band-like sliding elements 40f, 42f runs at least substantially parallel to an axial direction 46f of the fifth alternative magnet armature 10f. The at least one subset of the sliding elements 40f, 42f exceeding the number two are arranged in a circumferential direction on the total surface 20f at a distance in several rings of sliding elements 40f, 42f.Each of the strip-shaped and / or band-shaped sliding elements 40f, 42f extends at most over one-sixth of the longitudinal extent 34f of the total surface area 20f. The sliding unit 16f is arranged only in respective near regions 24f, 30f of axial ends 26f, 28f of the total surface area 20f. A ring of strip-shaped and / or band-shaped sliding elements 40f, 42f is arranged at each of the axial ends 26f, 28f of the total surface area 20f.
[0050] Figure 8 shows a schematic side view of a sixth alternative magnet armature 10g. The sixth alternative magnet armature 10g has a longitudinal extension 34g. The sixth alternative magnet armature 10g has a sliding unit 16g. The sliding unit 16g is arranged on an outer surface 14g of the sixth alternative magnet armature 10g. The sliding unit 16g is arranged on a total surface area 20g of the sixth alternative magnet armature 10g. The sliding unit 16g covers only a part of the total surface area 20g of the sixth alternative magnet armature 10g. The sliding unit 16g covers less than 50% of the total surface area 20g of the sixth alternative magnet armature 10g. A central region 32g of the total surface area 20g, which comprises at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent 34g of the sixth alternative magnet armature 10g, is formed free of the sliding unit 16g over an entire circumference of the outer surface 14g.Both axial edge areas 36g, 38g of the outer surface 14g are completely covered by the sliding unit 16g. The sliding unit 16g completely covers the two axial edge areas 36g, 38g of the outer surface 14g of the sixth alternative magnet armature 10g.
[0051] Figure 9 shows a schematic side view of a seventh alternative magnet armature 10h. The seventh alternative magnet armature 10h has a longitudinal extension 34h. The seventh alternative magnet armature 10h has a sliding unit 16h. The sliding unit 16h is arranged on an outer surface 14h of the seventh alternative magnet armature 10h. The sliding unit 16h is arranged on a total surface area 20h of the seventh alternative magnet armature 10h. The sliding unit 16h covers only a part of the total surface area 20h of the seventh alternative magnet armature 10h. The sliding unit 16h covers less than 50% of the total surface area 20h of the seventh alternative magnet armature 10h. A central region 32h of the total surface area 20h, which comprises at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent 34h of the fifth alternative magnet armature 10h, is formed free of the sliding unit 16h over an entire circumference of the outer surface 14h.Both axial edge regions 36h, 38h of the outer surface 14h are free of coverage by the sliding unit 16h. The sliding unit 16h has a plurality of sliding elements 40h, 42h. The sliding elements 40h, 42h are arranged separately from one another on the outer surface 14h. Several of the sliding elements 40h, 42h, and in the embodiment shown in Fig. 9 even all of the sliding elements 40h, 42h, are extended in strip-like and / or band-like configurations. A main extension direction 44h of the strip-like and / or band-like sliding elements 40f, 42h runs obliquely to an axial direction 46h of the seventh alternative magnet armature 10h. The at least one subset of sliding elements 40h, 42h, which exceeds the number two, is arranged circumferentially spaced apart on the overall surface 20h in several rings of sliding elements 40h, 42h. The sliding unit 16h is arranged only in the respective near regions 24h, 30h of the axial ends 26h, 28h of the overall surface 20h.At each of the axial ends 26h, 28h of the overall lateral surface 20h, a ring of obliquely aligned, strip-shaped and / or band-shaped sliding elements 40h, 42h is arranged. The strip-shaped and / or band-shaped sliding elements 40h, 42h of the rings are angled identically to the axial direction 46h. However, a different or even opposite angle of the strip-shaped and / or band-shaped sliding elements 40h, 42h of the rings relative to the axial direction 46h is also conceivable.
[0052] Figure 10 shows a schematic side view of an eighth alternative magnet armature 10i. The eighth alternative magnet armature 10i has a longitudinal extension 34i. The eighth alternative magnet armature 10i has a sliding unit 16i. The sliding unit 16i is arranged on an outer surface 14i of the eighth alternative magnet armature 10i. The sliding unit 16i is arranged on a total surface area 20i of the eighth alternative magnet armature 10i. The sliding unit 16i covers only a part of the total surface area 20i of the eighth alternative magnet armature 10i. The sliding unit 16i covers less than 50% of the total surface area 20i of the fifth alternative magnet armature 10i. A central region 32i of the total surface area 20i, which comprises at least 50% of the total longitudinal extent 34i of the eighth alternative magnet armature 10i, is formed free of the sliding unit 16i over an entire circumference of the outer surface 14i.Both axial edge regions 36i, 38i of the outer surface 14i are free from coverage by the sliding unit 16i. The sliding unit 16i has a plurality of sliding elements 40i, 42i. The sliding elements 40i, 42i are arranged separately from one another on the outer surface 14i. Several of the sliding elements 40i, 42i, and in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Fig. 10, even all of the sliding elements 40i, 42i, are extended in strip-like and / or band-like configurations. A main extension direction 44i of the strip-like and / or band-like sliding elements 40i, 42i runs at least substantially parallel to an axial direction 46i of the fifth alternative magnet armature 10i. The at least one subset of the sliding elements 40i, 42i exceeding the number two are arranged in a circumferential direction on the total surface 20i at a distance in several rings of sliding elements 40i, 42i.Each of the strip-shaped and / or band-shaped sliding elements 40i, 42i extends at most over a quarter and at least over more than a sixth of the longitudinal extent 34i of the total surface area 20i. The sliding unit 16i is arranged only in respective near regions 24i, 30i of axial ends 26i, 28i of the total surface area 20i. A ring of strip-shaped and / or band-shaped sliding elements 40i, 42i is arranged at each of the axial ends 26i, 28i of the total surface area 20i.
[0053] Figure 11 shows a schematic side view of a ninth alternative magnet armature 10j. The ninth alternative magnet armature 10j has a longitudinal extension 34j. The ninth alternative magnet armature 10j has a sliding unit 16j. The sliding unit 16j is arranged on an outer surface 14j of the ninth alternative magnet armature 10j. The sliding unit 16j is arranged on a total surface area 20j of the ninth alternative magnet armature 10j. The sliding unit 16j covers only a part of the total surface area 20j of the ninth alternative magnet armature 10j. The sliding unit 16j covers less than 50% of the total surface area 20j of the ninth alternative magnet armature 10j. A central region 32j of the total surface area 20j, which comprises at least 60% of the total longitudinal extent 34j of the ninth alternative magnet armature 10j, is partially covered by the sliding unit 16j.Both axial edge regions 36j, 38j of the outer surface 14j are partially covered by the sliding unit 16j. The sliding unit 16j does not completely cover the two axial edge regions 36j, 38j of the outer surface 14j of the ninth alternative magnet armature 10j. The sliding unit 16j has exactly one sliding element 40j. The sliding element 40j is strip-shaped and / or band-shaped. A main extension direction 44j of the strip-shaped and / or band-shaped sliding element 40j runs obliquely to an axial direction 46j of the ninth alternative magnet armature 10j. The band-shaped and / or strip-shaped sliding element 40j spirals around the outer surface 14j. The band-shaped and / or strip-shaped sliding element 40j extends over the entire longitudinal extent 34j of the ninth alternative magnet armature 10j.
[0054] Reference symbol
[0055] 10 magnet armatures
[0056] 12 Electromagnetic actuator
[0057] 14 Exterior surface
[0058] 16 sliding unit
[0059] 18 Magnet armature guide unit
[0060] 20 total surface area
[0061] 22 manufacturing steps
[0062] 24 Close range
[0063] 26 Axial end
[0064] 28 Axial end
[0065] 30 close range
[0066] 32 Central Area
[0067] 34 Longitudinal extension
[0068] 36 Axial edge area
[0069] 38 Axial edge area
[0070] 40 sliding element
[0071] 42 sliding element
[0072] 44 Main direction of extension
[0073] 46 Axial direction
[0074] 48 solenoid coil
[0075] 50 floor space
[0076] 52 floor space
[0077] 54 manufacturing steps
[0078] 56 edge
Claims
Claims Magnet armature (10a-j) for an electromagnetic actuator (12a-j), comprising an outer surface (14a-j) and a sliding unit (16a-j) arranged on the outer surface (14a-j) to form a Optimization of a tribological behavior of the magnet armature (10a-j), such as a reduction of wear of the magnet armature (10a-j) and / or friction with a magnet armature guide unit (18a-j) of the electromagnetic actuator (12a-j), such as an armature guide tube or pole tube, characterized in that the The sliding unit (16a-j) covers only a portion of the total surface area (20a-j) of the magnet armature (10a-j), in particular an armature running surface of the magnet armature (10a-j). The magnet armature (10a-j) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding unit (16a-j) is formed by a layer of anti-friction varnish. The magnet armature (10a-j) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sliding unit (16a-j) covers less than 75%, preferably less than 50%, more preferably less than 40%, and particularly preferably less than 30% of the total surface area (20a-j). Magnet armature (10a; 10b; 10d; 10f-i) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding unit (16a; 16b; 16d; 16f-i) only in respective close regions (24a, 30a; 24b, 30b; 24d 30d; 24f-i, 30f-i) of both axial ends (26a, 28a; 26b, 28b; 26d, 28d; 26f-i, 28f-i) of the total surface area (20a; 20b; 20d; 20f-i) or only in a close region (24a, 30a; 24b, 30b; 24d 30d; 24f-i, 30f-i) of a single one of the two axial ends (26a, 28a; 26b, 28b; 26d, 28d; 26f-i, 28f-i) of the total surface area (20a; 20b; 20d; 20f-i).Magnet armature (10a; 10b; 10d; 10f-i) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a central region (32a; 32b; 32d; 32f-i) of the total jacket surface (20a; 20b; 20d; 20f-i), which comprises at least 40%, preferably at least 50% and preferably at least 60% of a total longitudinal extent (34a; 34b; 34d; 34f-i) of the magnet armature (10a; 10b; 10d; 10f-i), is formed on an entire circumference of the outer surface (14a; 14b; 14d; 14f-i) free of the sliding unit (16a; 16b; 16d; 16f-i). Magnet armature (10c; 10e; 10j) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a central region (32c; 32e; 32j) of the total surface area (20c; 20e; 20j), which comprises at least 40%, preferably at least 50% and preferably at least 60% of a total longitudinal extent (34c; 34e; 34j) of the magnet armature (10c; 10e; 10j), is partially covered by the sliding unit (16c; 16e; 16j). Magnet armature (10a; 10g; 10j) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one axial edge region (36a; 36g; 36j) of the outer surface (14a; 14g; 14j) or both axial edge regions (36a, 38a; 36g, 38g; 36j, 38j) of the outer surface (14a; 14g; 14j) is / are partially or completely covered by the sliding unit (16a; 16g; 16j). Magnet armature (10a-f; 10h-i) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that one axial edge region (38a-f; 38h-i) of the outer surface (14a-f; 14h-i) or both axial edge regions (36b-f, 38b-f; 36h-i, 38h-i) of the outer surface (14b-f; 14h-i) is / are free from coverage by the sliding unit (16a-f; 16h-i). Magnet armature (10b-f; 10h-i) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding unit (16b-f; 16h-i) has a plurality of sliding elements (40b-f, 42b-f; 40h-i, 42h-i) arranged separately from one another on the outer surface (14b-f; 14h-i).Magnet armature (10b-d) according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the sliding elements (40b-d, 42b-d), preferably several of the sliding elements (40b-d, 42b-d), and preferably all of the sliding elements (40b-d, 42b-d), has / have an at least substantially circular outline or an at least substantially oval outline. Magnet armature (10e-f; 10h-j) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least one of the sliding elements (40e-f, 42e-f; 40h-j, 42h-j), preferably several of the sliding elements (40e-f, 42e-f; 40h-j, 42h-j), and preferably all of the sliding elements (40e-f, 42e-f; 40h-j, 42h-j), is / are extended in a strip-like or band-like manner.
12. Magnet armature (1 Oe-f; 10i) according to claim 11, characterized in that a main extension direction (44e-f; 44i) of at least one strip-shaped or band-shaped sliding element (40e-f, 42e-f; 40i, 42i) runs at least substantially parallel to an axial direction (46e-f; 46i) of the magnet armature (1 Oe-f; 10i).
13. Magnet armature (10h; 10j) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that a main extension direction (44h; 44j) of at least one strip-shaped or band-shaped sliding element (40h, 42h; 40j) runs obliquely to an axial direction (46h; 46j) of the magnet armature (10h; 10j).
14. Magnet armature (10j) according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the band-shaped or strip-shaped sliding elements (40j) rotates at least substantially spirally around the outer surface (14j).
15. Magnet armature (10b-f; 10h-i) according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that at least one subset of the sliding elements (40b-f, 42b-f; 40h-i, 42h-i) exceeding the number two are arranged at least substantially regular intervals from one another on the total surface area (20b-f; 20h-i).
16. Electromagnetic actuator (12a-j), in particular pneumatic valve, with a magnetic armature (10a-j) according to one of claims 1 to 15. Method for producing a magnet armature (1 Oa-j), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein in at least one production step (22a-j) a sliding unit (16a-j) is used to optimize a tribological behavior of the magnet armature (1 Oa-j), such as reducing wear of the magnet armature (1 Oa-j) and / or Friction with a magnet armature guide unit (18a-j) of the electromagnetic actuator (12a-j), such as an armature guide tube or pole tube, is applied to an outer surface (14a-j) of the magnet armature (10a-j), characterized in that in the manufacturing step (22a-j) only a part of a The total surface area (20a-j) of the magnet armature (10a-j), in particular an armature running surface of the magnet armature (10a-j), is covered with the sliding unit (16a-j).