Device for machining wheel sets for rail vehicles

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (7, 7') for machining wheel sets (8) for rail vehicles, comprising: supporting rollers (12) for rotatably mounting a wheel set (8), wherein at least two of the supporting rollers (12) are associated with each of the two wheels (9) in the wheel set (8), wherein at least one of the supporting rollers (12) comprises a drive for rotating the wheel set (8) and / or wherein at least one drive roller is provided for rotating the wheel set (8); guide rollers (13) for axially guiding the wheel set (8), wherein at least one guide roller (13) is associated with each of the two wheels (9) in the wheel set (8); tools for machining the wheel set (8), in particular the running surfaces and / or the brake disks of the wheel set (8), wherein at least one tool is associated with each of the two wheels (9) in the wheel set (8); and at least one handling device (1) for receiving and moving an abutment (10) for radially fixing the wheel set (8), wherein at least one handling device (1) is associated with each of the two wheels (9) in the wheel set (8). The aim of the invention is to be able to easily and quickly change the position of and replace the abutments (10) used to fix the wheel sets (8). This aim is achieved in that the at least one handling device (1) has at least two degrees of freedom of movement, in particular at least three degrees of freedom of movement.

Description

[0001]January 18, 2024. Device for machining wheelsets for rail vehicles. The invention relates to a device for machining wheelsets for rail vehicles, comprising: support rollers for the rotatable mounting of a wheelset, wherein at least two of the support rollers are assigned to each of the two wheels of the wheelset, wherein at least one of the support rollers has a drive for rotating the wheelset and / or wherein at least one drive roller is provided for rotating the wheelset; guide rollers for axially guiding the wheelset, wherein at least one guide roller is assigned to each of the two wheels of the wheelset; tools for machining the wheelset, in particular the running surfaces and / or the brake discs of the wheelset, wherein at least one tool is assigned to each of the two wheels of the wheelset; and at least one handling device for receiving and moving an abutment for radially fixing the wheelset.Where each of the two wheels of the wheelset is assigned at least one handling device. Wheelsets for rail vehicles serve to safely support and guide rail vehicles; they are therefore safety-relevant for the reliable movement of rail vehicles. The geometry of the wheelset's running surfaces, in conjunction with the geometry of the rail, determines the running of the vehicles. However, due to the rolling contact between the wheelset and the rail, the wheelsets are subject to heavy loads, and the running surfaces are subject to wear. The wheelset and its running surface are of particular importance in the maintenance of rail vehicles, as the high reliability requirements require regular inspection of the running surface geometry. Various machine tools for wheelset machining are known for correcting the running surface geometry of wheelsets ("reprofiling"). Since wheelsets are rotationally symmetrical components,Lathes are primarily used for their machining, which are therefore also referred to as wheelset lathes. Among known wheelset lathes, a distinction can be made between mobile wheelset lathes and stationary, i.e., stationary wheelset lathes. The reprofiling of a wheelset is carried out using process steps that differ between mobile and stationary wheelset lathes. With stationary wheelset lathes, the rail vehicle with the wheelset to be machined is positioned on the wheelset lathe; the wheelset is thus moved relative to the machine. This can be achieved, for example, by locating the wheelset lathe in a workshop pit below a workshop track on which the rail vehicle can be moved in such a way thatthat the wheelset to be machined can be brought into the required position above the wheelset lathe. The wheelset to be machined is then (rotatably) fixed on the wheelset lathe to enable precise machining. The wheelset can then be machined, after which the wheelset can be released. Stationary wheelset lathes are known, for example, from DE 1285839 A or WO 2006 / 072584 A1. With mobile wheelset lathes, the wheelset to be machined or the entire rail vehicle is raised, and the wheelset lathe is positioned below the wheelset to be machined. In contrast to stationary wheelset lathes, the machine is moved relative to the wheelset. This can be achieved, for example, bythat the mobile wheelset lathe is moved along a workshop track. The wheelset to be machined is then fixed (rotatably) to the wheelset to enable precise machining. Then, the machining of the wheelset can begin. C / AC 220406WO 18 January 2024, after which the fixation of the wheelset will be released again kann.Mobile wheelset machining machines are known, for example, from European patent EP 1606072 B1 and European patent EP 1984134 B1. For both machine types – both stationary and mobile wheelset lathes – essential activities involve the clamping or "clamping" and subsequent release of wheelsets. These steps serve to prepare the wheelset lathe for the machining process; they are therefore "setup times." During setup, the wheelset lathe cannot be used productively, which is why set-up times must be kept as short as possible. On both machine types, the wheelset is secured using mechanical abutments (sometimes referred to as "claws").In order to rotate the wheelsets during machining and to transmit the necessary torque to the wheelsets, the wheelsets are mounted on driven friction rollers, for example, which press the wheelsets from below against the abutments. These abutments engage at both ends (i.e., at the steering knuckles or shaft stub axles) of the wheelsets and prevent upward radial movement of the wheelsets. Due to the required rigidity and robustness, the abutments must be very solid, often made of heavy welded construction. Stahl. The abutments must be adapted to the specific rail vehicle type and wheelset to ensure safe and precise fixation. Furthermore, the abutments must be removed from the clearance of the rail vehicle after each machining operation to avoid collision with the rail vehicle. Especially with mobile wheelset machining machines, the C / AC 220406WOJanuary 18, 2024 Abutments often have to be completely separated from the machine before the machine can be moved to the next wheelset to be machined. Both changing the abutments and removing them from the vehicle have previously been done manually, which is laborious due to their high weight and increases setup times. Manually loading the machine with abutments is also disadvantageous for reasons of occupational safety and ergonomics due to the frequent repetition of the process and the high mass of the abutments (approx. 20 kg to 30 kg). In the mobile wheelset machining machine known from EP 1606072 B1, the abutments are designed as hook-shaped "clamps 5" (see Fig. 1 of EP 1606 072 B1). These clamps must be manually moved in the axial direction after machining, so replacing them is done manually. This results in the disadvantages described above.In the stationary wheelset processing machine known from DE 1285839 A, the abutments are designed as "claws 11," which can fix a wheelset via its axle bearing housing in a vertical (i.e., radial) direction (see Fig. 1 of DE 1285839 A). However, changing the claws must also be done manually on this machine, which also results in the disadvantages described above. Although the claws can be moved mechanically in a vertical (i.e., radial) direction via hydraulic pistons, they are not mechanically movable. However, an axial displacement of the clamps must be carried out manually (via an axially movable support beam), since the device supporting the clamps is only adjustable in the vertical direction (via the hydraulic pistons). The radial and axial displacement of the clamps does not serve to avoid collisions, but rather to enable the fixing and machining of wheel sets with internal steering knuckles (see Fig. 2 of DE 1285839 A).Against this background, the invention is based on the object of providing a device as described above for machining wheel sets for rail vehiclesA. C / AC 220406WOJanuary 18, 2024, to be designed and further developed in such a way that the abutments used to fix the wheel sets can be easily and quickly changed in position and replaced. This object is achieved in a device according to the preamble of patent claim 1 in that the at least one handling device has at least two degrees of freedom of movement, in particular at least three degrees of freedom of movement. The invention relates to a device for machining wheel sets for rail vehicles. The machining can in particular be a machining operation, for example by turning or by a lathe. The device initially comprises support rollers for the rotatable mounting of a wheel set, with at least two of the support rollers being assigned to each of the two wheels of the wheel set. The support rollers serve to support the wheel set and to mount it (rotatably).At least one of the support rollers can have a drive for rotating the wheelset. Preferably, however, all support rollers are equipped with a drive. In this way, the support rollers can transmit drive forces or drive torques to the wheels of the wheelset via friction. As an alternative to driven support rollers, at least one separate drive roller can be provided for rotating the wheelset. In this case, the "supporting / bearing" and "driving" functions are separated from each other. The device also comprises guide rollers for axially guiding the wheelset, with each of the two wheels of the wheelset being assigned at least one guide roller. The guide rollers are therefore also referred to as "axial guide rollers." The device also comprises tools for machining the wheelset, in particular the running surfaces and / or the brake discs of the wheelset, with each of the two wheels of the wheelset being assigned at least one tool.Both tools can be turning tools, in particular. Finally, the device comprises at least one handling device for receiving and moving an abutment for radially fixing the wheelset, A. C / AC 220406WOJanuary 18, 2024, wherein each of the two wheels of the wheelset is assigned at least one handling device. The abutments (also called "claws") can be moved by the handling device (also called "manipulator" or "claw manipulator"), which facilitates the replacement of the abutments. It can be provided that the handling device carries the abutment only when the abutment is changed and transfers the abutment to an external bearing fixation for processing (see Figs. 4, 5). Alternatively, it can be provided that a separate external bearing fixation is dispensed with, and that the abutment remains on the handling device (in this case, designed to be particularly rigid) even during processing (see Figs. 2, 3). According to the invention, the at least one handling device has at least two degrees of freedom of movement, in particular at least three degrees of freedom of movement.By offering not just one degree of freedom of movement (e.g., vertical adjustability), but two or more degrees of freedom of movement (e.g., horizontal adjustability and / or pivotability or rotation around a vertical axis of rotation), the handling device can achieve various advantages. First, the flexible movement options facilitate the simple replacement of the abutments, as the abutments can be moved into an ergonomically optimal position for the change. Second, the flexible movement options make it easier to quickly and easily pivot the handling device out of the collision area and back toward the wheelset. The abutments can therefore be pivoted back and forth between a "processing position" or "transfer position" and a "parking position."According to one embodiment of the device, the handling device has at least one drive, in particular at least two drives. Drives, in particular rotary drives or linear drives, allow the movements of the handling device to be performed even faster and more ergonomically than with manual movements. C / AC 220406WOJanuary 18, 2024. A drive for the vertical adjustability of the handling device is particularly advantageous, since the abutments are massive and heavy and can therefore only be lifted with difficulty. The handling device can also have two or more drives, for example, for horizontal adjustability and / or pivoting or rotation about a vertical axis of rotation. The device can be further configured in that the handling device has a first pivot joint for rotatably mounting the handling device on the device, in particular for rotating the handling device about a vertical first axis of rotation. The pivot joint allows the handling device and the abutment attached to it to be quickly and easily pivoted out of the collision area after changing one abutment and pivoted back toward the wheelset for changing the next abutment.The swivel joint thus allows easy pivoting between a "processing position" or "transfer position" and a "parking position." According to a further embodiment of the device, the handling device can have a first section with a first linear guide, in particular for linearly extending and retracting the handling device in the horizontal direction. Alternatively or additionally, the handling device can have a second section with a second linear guide, in particular for linearly raising and lowering the handling device in the vertical direction. The first section with the first linear guide serves to enable the handling device to be extended and retracted horizontally, i.e., to change the horizontal distance between the wheelset and the abutment.The second section, with the second linear guide, serves to raise and lower the handling device vertically, which significantly simplifies changing the heavy abutments. The combination of horizontal and vertical movement makes it easier. C / AC 220406WOJanuary 18, 2024 vertical mobility achieves a high degree of flexibility, allowing different tasks to be solved (e.g., exchanging the abutments, switching between "processing position" or "transfer position" and "parking position"). Preferably, the second section is angled 90° relative to the first section. According to a further embodiment of the device, the handling device has a receptacle for the exchangeable mounting of an abutment. For this purpose, it can further be provided that the receptacle of the handling device is rotatably mounted, in particular for rotating the abutment about a vertical second axis of rotation. The receptacle serves to accommodate and exchange differently shaped abutments, so that differently shaped wheel sets can be fixed and machined.Preferably, the mount also allows linear adjustment of the abutment, for example, by being designed as a sliding block. The mount for the handling device (for example, a sliding block) can also be rotatably mounted, which makes it easier to replace the abutment even in confined spaces. A further embodiment of the device provides that the device is supplemented by rollers for moving the device on rails. Rollers allow the device to be moved on rails; in other words, it can be a mobile wheelset processing machine, in particular a wheelset lathe.The use of the handling device described above has particular advantages for mobile wheelset machining machines, since both the replacement of the abutments and collision-free movement are more difficult with mobile machines than with stationary machines, where the environment can be more easily adapted to the machine, for example by providing aids for replacing the abutments, such as cranes.A. C / AC 220406WOJanuary 18, 2024 According to a further embodiment of the device, at least one external bearing fixation is provided for receiving and moving an abutment for radially fixing the wheelset, with each of the two wheels of the wheelset being assigned at least one external bearing fixation. The external bearing fixation serves to receive an abutment to fix the wheelset in the radial direction during machining. Thanks to a separate external bearing fixation, the abutment does not have to remain on the handling device during machining, but can be held by the specially designed external bearing fixation. Although the external bearing fixation is less flexible than the handling device, it can be designed to be significantly more rigid. The handling device, on the other hand, can be designed to be lighter and more compact.A functional separation is therefore made: the external bearing fixation takes over the storage of the abutment during processing; the handling device, on the other hand, takes over and facilitates the replacement of the abutments. For this embodiment of the device, it is further proposed that the external bearing fixation has a receptacle for the exchangeable storage of an abutment, wherein the receptacle of the external bearing fixation is preferably adjustable in the vertical direction. Since, in addition to the handling device, the external bearing fixation also has a receptacle for an abutment, the abutment can be pushed back and forth between the two receptacles. For this purpose, the two receptacles are preferably arranged close to one another at the same height. In this way, the abutment can be pushed from the receptacle of the handling device to the receptacle of the external bearing fixation before processing, where it remains during processing, and subsequently (i.e.After machining, the abutment can be pushed back onto the holder of the handling device for replacement. In the meantime (i.e., during machining), the handling device can be pivoted into a "parking position." The only manual intervention is therefore a back-and-forth movement of the abutment, which is much easier than with a completely manual operation. C / AC 220406WO January 18, 2024, the change of the abutment with manual lifting of the abutment represents a considerable simplification. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing which merely represents a preferred embodiment. In the drawing zeigen:Fig. 1: a handling device of a device according to the invention in a perspective view; Fig. 2: a first embodiment of a device according to the invention with the handling device from Fig. 1 in a front view; Fig. 3: the device according to the invention from Fig. 2 in a side view; Fig. 4: a second embodiment of a device according to the invention with a handling device from Fig. 1 in a front view; and Fig. 5: the device according to the invention from Fig. 4 in a side view. Fig. 1 shows handling device 1 of a device according to the invention (not shown in Fig. 1) in a perspective view. The handling device 1 has several degrees of freedom of movement, which are explained below. A first degree of freedom of movement lies in the fact that the handling device 1 can be rotated about a vertical first axis of rotation D1 (represented in Fig. 1 by a double arrow). For this purpose, the handling device 1 has a pivot joint 2.The handling device 1 has an adapter plate 3 adjacent to the swivel joint 2, via which the handling device 1 can be attached to the device (not shown in Fig. 1).A. C / AC 220406WOJanuary 18, 2024 The handling device 1 also has a first section A1 with a first linear guide L1. The first section A1 is arranged in a horizontal plane and serves to linearly extend and retract the handling device 1 in the horizontal direction (represented by a double arrow in Fig. 1). In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and thus preferred, the first linear guide L1 is implemented by two extension rails. The (horizontal) stroke of the first linear guide L1 is preferably at least 400 mm, in particular at least 500 mm. The handling device 1 also has a second section A2 with a second linear guide L2. The second section A2 extends in the vertical direction and serves to linearly raise and lower the handling device 1 in the vertical direction (represented by a double arrow in Fig. 1).In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and thus preferred, the second linear guide L2 is implemented as a multi-part, telescopic linear lifting column. The (vertical) stroke of the second linear guide L2 is preferably at least 500 mm, in particular at least 600 mm. The second linear guide L2 has a drive 4 that can be operated via a button 5. The handling device 1 also has a receptacle 6 for the replaceable mounting of an abutment (not shown in Fig. 1). The receptacle 6 of the handling device 1 is rotatably mounted so that the receptacle 6 (optionally with an abutment 10) can rotate about a vertical second axis of rotation D2 (shown in Fig. 1 by a double arrow). Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a device 7 according to the invention with the handling device 1 from Fig. 1 in a front view. The reference numerals already used in connection with Fig. 1 are used correspondingly in Fig. 2.It can be seen that the device 7 carries a wheel set 8 with two wheels 9 and is equipped with two handling devices 1, each of which is assigned a handling device 1. Furthermore, Fig. 2 shows that both handling devices 1 are provided with an abutment A. C / AC 220406WOJanuary 18, 202410 (also called a "claw"). The wheelset 8 has two ends 11 (also called "axle arms" or "shaft arms"), on which the abutments 10 are intended to engage during machining in order to prevent the wheelset 8 from moving upwards in a radial direction. The device 7 shown in Fig. 2 is used for machining wheelsets 8 for rail vehicles and comprises four support rollers 12 for rotatably supporting the wheelset 8, with two of the support rollers 12 being assigned to each of the two wheels 9 of the wheelset 8. The support rollers 12 each have a drive to drive the wheelset 8 mounted on the support rollers 12 during machining, i.e., to rotate it. The device 7 also has guide rollers 13 for axially guiding the wheel set 8, with each of the two wheels 9 of the wheel set 8 being assigned a guide roller 13. Furthermore, the device 7 (in Fig.2 (hidden behind the support rollers 12) tools for machining the wheelset 8, in particular for machining the running surfaces and / or the brake discs of the wheelset 8. At least one tool is assigned to each of the two wheels 9 of the wheelset 8. The device 7 also has rollers 14 for displacing the device 7 on rails 15. Fig. 3 shows the device 7 according to the invention from Fig. 2 in a side view. The reference numerals already used in connection with Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 are used correspondingly in Fig. 3. In the side view, the (rotatable) mounting of the wheelset 8 on the support rollers 12 is clearly visible. In addition, the rail 15 on which the device 7 can be displaced on its rollers 14 is clearly visible. Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of a device 7' according to the invention with a handling device 1 from Fig. 1 in a front view. Finally, Fig. 5 shows the device according to the invention from Fig.4 in side view The reference numerals already used in connection with Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 are used correspondingly in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. The second embodiment of the device 7' (shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) differs from the first (shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. A. C / AC 220406WO18, 20243) embodiment of the device 7, in particular in that the second embodiment of the device 7' has two outer bearing fixations 16. The outer bearing fixations 16 each serve to accommodate an abutment 10 in order to fix the wheelset 8 in the radial direction during machining. The outer bearing fixations 16 each have a receptacle 6' for the replaceable mounting of an abutment 10, wherein the receptacle 6' is preferably adjustable in the vertical direction. In this way, the abutment 10 can be pushed from the receptacle 6 of the handling device 1 onto the receptacle 6' of the outer bearing fixation 16 before machining, where it remains during machining, and then pushed back onto the receptacle 6 of the handling device 1 to be replaced (shown in Fig. 4 by double arrows and hatched abutments 10). C / AC 220406WOJanuary 18, 2024 List of reference symbols: 1: Handling device 2: First swivel joint 3: Adapter plate 4: Drive (of the second linear guide L2) 5: Taster 6: Holder (of the handling device 1 for the abutment 10) 6': Holder (of the external bearing fixation 16 for the abutment 10) 7, 7': Device 8: Wheel set 9: Rad 10: Abutment11: Ends (of wheelset 8)12: Support roller13: Guide roller 14: Rolle 15: Rail 16: Outer bearing fixation A1: first section A2: second section D1: first rotation axis (vertical) D2: second rotation axis (vertical) L1: first linear guide L2: second linear guide A C / AC 220406WO January 18, 2024

Claims

18 January 2024Patent claims1. Device (7, 7') for machining wheel sets (8) for rail vehicles,u mfassend: ^Support rollers (12) for the rotatable mounting of a wheelset (8), wherein at least two of the support rollers (12) are assigned to each of the two wheels (9) of the wheelset (8),^wherein at least one of the support rollers (12) has a drive for rotating the wheelset (8) and / or wherein at least one drive roller is provided for rotating the wheelset (8),^Guide rollers (13) for axially guiding the wheelset (8), wherein at least one guide roller (13) is assigned to each of the two wheels (9) of the wheelset (8),^Tools for machining the wheelset (8), in particular the running surfaces and / or the brake discs of the wheelset (8), wherein at least one tool is assigned to each of the two wheels (9) of the wheelset (8), und^at least one handling device (1) for receiving and moving an abutment (10) for radially fixing the wheelset (8), wherein each of the two wheels (9) of the wheelset (8) is assigned at least one handling device (1), characterized in that the at least one handling device (1) has at least two degrees of freedom of movement, in particular at least three degrees of freedom of movement aufweist.

2. Device (7, 7') according to claim 1, characterized in that - 2 - the handling device (1) has at least one drive (4), in particular at least two drives (4).

3. Device (7, 7') according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the handling device (1) has a first rotary joint (2) for rotatably mounting the handling device (1) on the device (7, 7'), in particular for rotating the handling device (1) about a vertical first axis of rotation (D1).

4. Device (7, 7') according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the handling device (1) has a first section (A1) with a first linear guide (L1), in particular for linearly retracting and extending the handling device (1) in the horizontal direction.5.Device (7, 7') according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the handling device (1) has a second section (A2) with a second linear guide (L2), in particular for linearly raising and lowering the handling device (1) in the vertical direction.

6. Device (7, 7') according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the handling device (1) has a receptacle (6) for the exchangeable mounting of an abutment (10).

7. Device (7, 7') according to claim 6, characterized in that the sA. C / AC 220406WO January 18, 2024 - 3 - the receptacle (6) of the handling device (1) is rotatably mounted, in particular for rotating the abutment (10) about a vertical second axis of rotation (D2).

8. Device (7, 7') according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by rollers (14) for displacing the device (7, 7') on rails (15).

9. Device (7') according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by at least one outer bearing fixation (16) for receiving and moving an abutment (10) for radially fixing the wheelset (8), wherein each of the two wheels (9) of the wheelset (8) is assigned at least one outer bearing fixation (16).

10. Device (7') according to claim 9, characterized in that the outer bearing fixing means (16) has a receptacle (6') for the exchangeable mounting of an abutment (10), wherein the receptacle (6') of the outer bearing fixing means (16) is preferably adjustable in the vertical direction. C / AC 220406WO January 18, 2024

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