Method for recycling reclaimed asphalt

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for recycling reclaimed asphalt, in which method reclaimed asphalt is used which is divided into fractions with different grain sizes in order to be processed together with new material to produce new asphalt. A software-based optimisation method has at least one of the following optimisation objectives: 1) maximising a recycling rate of reclaimed asphalt available within a defined time period; 2) maximising a recycling content of reclaimed asphalt in the new asphalt (RA content); and 3) maximising the quality of the new asphalt, wherein the lower the deviation from a declared target of the new asphalt, the higher the quality. The method optimises the recycling of reclaimed asphalt and reduces the costs for producing new asphalt.

Description

[0001]TITLE METHOD FOR RECYCLING ASPHALT TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for recycling asphalt, as well as a computer program product and a processing plant. PRIOR ART Asphalt is a mixture of the binder bitumen and aggregates and any additives. It is used in road construction for road surfaces and in other areas, such as parking and storage areas for vehicles or runways, as well as for taxiways and parking areas for aircraft. Other areas of application include, for example, seals in hydraulic engineering, in particular for dams, dams, and shipping channels, or for sealing landfills. Road surfaces are usually composed of various asphalt layers, in particular surface, binder, and base courses, which differ from one another in their composition. Asphalt layers for parking and storage areas or for otherApplications also differ in their composition. Therefore, asphalt recipes are created for the production of the various asphalt types, which specify the mixing ratio of the individual components of the respective asphalt type. The asphalt mix differs not only depending on the area of ​​application, but also depending on the applicable regulations, which vary from country to country, and even from region to region. Special requests from the client, such as brightness, grip, or noise reduction, also change the mix in terms of the type of mix, grain size, and binder. The asphalt recipes used to produce the asphalt vary accordingly. Depending on the offer, an asphalt producer's production can consist of more than one hundred asphalt recipes. The resulting asphalt product is subject to standards, target values, and tolerances. Asphalt recipes forAsphalt production is therefore complex and based on many years of experience. Plant controls for asphalt production facilitate the selection and adherence to asphalt recipes, as well as recipe changes or adjustments during ongoing production. During renovations and renewals, particularly in road construction, large quantities of old asphalt, also known as reclaimed asphalt, are generated. Reclaimed asphalt is created by milling or breaking up the asphalt pavement into slabs. It is processed into asphalt mix by subsequent crushing and screening. The reclaimed asphalt is later added to new asphalt mixes in an asphalt mixing plant. This can be done as a cold addition, whereby the reclaimed asphalt is fed directly to the mixer via an intermediate silo and heated by the new mix. Alternatively, the reclaimed asphalt can be heated in a separate parallel drum and fed to the mixer as a hot addition.The recycling of reclaimed asphalt is essential from an economic and ecological perspective. However, it is complex due to the requirements placed on the asphalt properties and legal regulations. In particular, the processing of the bitumen is laborious. This results in only a small percentage of reclaimed asphalt being recycled. Several processes are already known in the prior art that deal with the recycling of reclaimed asphalt. GB 2332010 A discloses a recycling process for road material in which the road surface is crushed and the crushed material is sorted into fractions according to its size, with the material from each fraction being recycled separately. In FR 3020074 A, more than two material groups are formed that differ in their grain size. It is assumed that the fraction with the smallest grain size has the highest bitumen content. EP 3173526 A1 proposesalso proposes crushing the reclaimed asphalt and storing it in material groups of different grain sizes. These fractions should allow the bitumen content of each fraction to be determined more precisely, so that a mixture for new asphalt can be created. WO 2020 / 071906 A1 proposes examining the individual fractions of crushed reclaimed asphalt with different grain sizes and attaching them with RFID tags. The RFID tags provide information about the content of the fractions so that a new mixture can be created. CN 110318319 B proposes classifying reclaimed asphalt based on grain size and applying the "combustion furnace" method and a complex evaluation to improve classification. These methods attempt to recycle the largest possible quantities of reclaimed asphalt. However, legal regulations, fluctuations in the type of reclaimed asphalt, bitumen aging, and an excessive proportion of fine minerals limit theUse of bitumen-containing reclaimed asphalt in newly produced asphalt. This results in the bitumen either having to be isolated from the reclaimed asphalt using complex processes, or in material groups or fraction groups with a high bitumen content being directly reused only to a small extent. Typically, the material group or fraction group with the smallest grain size contains the most bitumen. The reuse of this material group or fraction group is often not possible with current technology, either due to regulations or other reasons. This is suboptimal from an ecological and economic perspective. Maximum and environmentally friendly reuse of used materials is a key requirement. Furthermore, reusing bitumen can significantly reduce costs. This is because bitumen accounts for approximately one-third of the cost of asphalt pavement. Even a small increase in the percentageThe directly reusable bituminous material already leads to a noticeable reduction in the production costs of new asphalt. Definitions In the following text, the terms defined below are used as follows, unless otherwise defined: The term "asphalt" in this text, including the patent claims, also includes pavements that contain PAH-containing or other binders (PAH = polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) instead of or in addition to bitumen. In particular, the term also includes tar. The term "bitumen" in this text, including the patent claims, is to be understood as "binder" unless otherwise stated. A "type of asphalt" or "asphalt type" refers to the different types of pavements, more specifically to the various asphalts with their individual, different compositions. The term "asphalt types" refers toPavements made of different layers, such as surface courses or base courses. The term "reclaimed asphalt" encompasses material from the pavements, whereby in some embodiments, material from the sub-layers of the pavement is also included, such as material from the cofferdam layer, in particular RC gravel or RC A gravel. The terms "fraction" and "subfraction" refer to a group or a portion of the aggregates, in particular the original reclaimed asphalt, which did not pass through the next smaller sieve during screening and is stored together in a separate storage facility until further use. The grain size within this fraction or subfraction has a range that lies essentially between the openings of the last sieve through which the material still passed and the next smaller sieve through which the material no longer passed. The material is divided intoGrain size is referred to as grit or sand. Whenever fractions are referred to in this text, including the patent claims, the subfractions are included in the sense of fractions, unless the context requires a distinction between the two terms. The term "fraction group" refers to a group of fractions that have been newly mixed together. This means that the material was first divided into individual fractions with different grain sizes. Subsequently, individual fractions were recombined into a fraction group according to a defined mixing ratio. The term "smallest grain size fraction" refers to the fraction of the existing fractions of the reclaimed asphalt that can still be reused in new asphalt or that is still to be used. The term "sieve curve," also called "grading line," refers to a grain sum curve determined by sieving the rock. Using the "sieve curve,"graphically record the grain size distribution of the rock. The term "bitumen hardness" encompasses at least some of the rheological properties of the bitumen. Bitumen hardness can be determined, for example, using needle penetration and / or ring and ball softening point and / or the Bitumen Typing Rapid Method (BTSV). Bitumen hardness is usually determined using needle penetration and / or ring and ball softening point. The term "target properties" refers to the properties that a specific asphalt should optimally exhibit. These properties include, for example, a sieve curve, bitumen content, bitumen hardness, and / or rheological properties of the bitumen. Another property is, for example, the void content. The term "declared target" refers to a set of target properties, whereby this set describes the target properties for an asphalt to be produced. The term "asphalt recipe" refers to theMixing ratio of the individual components for the production of asphalt. The individual components are usually graded aggregates and binders, especially bitumen. Instead of "asphalt recipe," the term "pavement recipe" is also used. The mixture of these components should meet the declared target as closely as possible. The term "processing recipe" refers to the mixing ratio of the individual fractions or subfractions of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt to the respective fraction groups. The term therefore usually refers to the mixing ratio of the graded, binder-containing aggregates. Instead of "processing recipe," the terms "recycled asphalt recipe" and "RA recipe" are also used. The term "recipe" refers to the result of the respective optimization process. It can, for example, be one or more of the following: - a processing recipe and / or an asphalt recipe, - severalRecycling recipes and / or multiple asphalt recipes, - one recyclable recipe and multiple asphalt recipes, - multiple recyclable recipes and one asphalt recipe. The term "optimization period" refers to the period of time over which an optimization is carried out and over which recipes are created taking the optimization objectives into account. Unless otherwise stated in the text, this optimization period is equivalent to a defined period of time. However, the defined period can also be shorter. The term "batch" refers to the quantity of fractionated reclaimed asphalt and virgin material that is jointly optimized for further processing or use. Depending on the variant, this could be, for example, a quantity of material that is processed jointly or within a defined period of time in a paving plant, a truckload, the short-term or long-term demand of a construction site, a quantity within a defined period of time,particularly during the optimization period, or another defined quantity. The terms "new asphalt", "new asphalt", "newly produced asphalt", "asphalt to be produced" or similar refer to the asphalt produced from a mixture of fractionated reclaimed asphalt and new material. The term "recycled content", also called "RA content" (reclaimed asphalt content), refers to the percentage of reclaimed asphalt in the newly produced asphalt. The term "recycling rate" refers to the proportion of reclaimed asphalt used for new asphalt within a defined period of time compared to the reclaimed asphalt present, i.e., available, during the defined period. Depending on the design, the recycling rate can refer to the entire quantity of reclaimed asphalt, to several selected fractions or fraction groups, or to a single fraction or fraction group, in particular to the fraction orFraction group with the smallest grain size. The term "output" refers to the portion of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt that is deliberately removed from the process and not used for new asphalt. The term RA quota (Reclaimed Asphalt Quota) refers to the proportion of reclaimed asphalt resulting from the difference between the existing fractionated reclaimed asphalt set as 100% and the output. The term "surplus" refers to the proportion of the existing, i.e., available fractionated reclaimed asphalt that is not required for asphalt recipes within a defined period of time, in particular within the optimization period. This refers to the difference between the accruing fractions and / or fraction groups of the reclaimed asphalt and the fractions and / or fraction groups of the reclaimed asphalt required for the asphalt recipes. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to facilitate the recycling ofTo improve, preferably to optimize, reclaimed asphalt. This object is achieved by a method having the features of one of claims 1, 14, 15, 16 and 39, a computer program product having the features of claim 42 and a processing plant having the features of claim 43. In preferred forms of the method according to the invention for recycling reclaimed asphalt, preferably exclusively, reclaimed asphalt is used, which is divided into fractions with different grain sizes and stored in the form of fractionated reclaimed asphalt, separated into at least two fractions, in order to be processed together with new material to form new asphalt. The method uses a software-based optimization method that is programmed in such a way that it has at least one of the following optimization objectives. Preferably, it has two and even more preferably all three of these objectives: 1) Maximizing a utilization rate of the reclaimed asphalt within a defined period of timeexisting fractionated reclaimed asphalt, 2) maximizing a recycled content of fractionated reclaimed asphalt in the new asphalt (RA content), and 3) maximizing the quality of the new asphalt, whereby the quality is greater the smaller the deviation from a declared target of the new asphalt. Preferably, the method uses the software-based optimization method to determine how much material of the at least two fractions is processed together with the new material to form new asphalt. Preferably, the method provides processing recipes that specify the mixing ratios of the fractions of the reclaimed asphalt and / or asphalt recipes that specify the mixing ratios of the fractions with new material. Preferably, the result of the software-based optimization method is at least one processing recipe and / or at least one asphalt recipe. Preferably, at least one result of the software-based optimization method is a plurality of asphalt recipes. InIn some variants of the method, at least one result of the software-based optimization process is a single processing recipe, which provides a mixing ratio of at least two fractions that can be applied in multiple asphalt recipes. The goal of maximizing the recycling rate is divided into two optimization sub-goals, depending on the type of software-based mathematical optimization process. A first optimization sub-goal 1a) is the maximization of a recycling rate (corresponding to a minimization of the output of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt). A second optimization sub-goal 1b) is the minimization of a surplus of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt required for asphalt recipes within the defined time period. In some variants, the first optimization sub-goal 1a) takes into account the maximization of the recycling rate of the entire reclaimed asphalt. In other variants, the recycling rate of the smallest grain size fraction is preferably maximized. In further embodimentsthe maximization is reduced to the RA quota of the smallest grain size fraction. The second optimization sub-goal 1b) minimizes the unused reclaimed asphalt that arises due to a mismatch between the accruing and the fractions of the reclaimed asphalt required in the asphalt recipes, for example, in a defined time period, preferably in an optimization period. Ideally, the surplus is 0. However, this cannot always be achieved, either due to selected software settings and / or the type of new asphalt to be produced within the defined time period and the associated target properties and / or due to a mismatch between the predicted and the actually occurring fraction shares in the fractionated reclaimed asphalt and / or due to a mismatch between the predicted and the actually occurring production ratios of new asphalt. Therefore, if it is detected during the production of new asphalt that theIf the optimization process carried out for the already started defined period of time has led to asphalt recipes in which the surplus is too large or the RA quota is too small, then in some variants of the process, data can be adjusted and the optimization process can be carried out again for this period or for a new period beginning instead of the previous period. The data can be, for example, empirical values, estimates and already available reclaimed asphalt material. According to the invention, the optimization goals should preferably be achieved within the defined period of time, in particular the optimization period in which reclaimed asphalt is accrued and / or new asphalt is produced. In doing so, consideration is preferably given to how much reclaimed asphalt is available within this defined period of time and which types and quantities of new asphalt are required within this defined period of time. This defined period of time can, for example, be a few days,Weeks, months, one year, two years, or several years. The forecast of the quantities incurred, the required quantities, and the required types is preferably based on historical data and / or on existing orders and delivery agreements. The individual or joint optimization objectives are achieved using a computer-implemented mathematical optimization process. If more than one optimization objective is to be achieved, the joint optimization process aims to achieve the individual optimization objectives together in the best possible way. In the prior art, the processing plant has previously determined relatively statically how fractionated reclaimed asphalt is to be prepared for later use in the paving plant. Likewise, the paving plants have determined the quantities of reclaimed asphalt and virgin material to be mixed based on relatively static asphalt recipes. This made it possible toUntil now, only small quantities could be reused in new asphalt. Thanks to the introduction of this software-based optimization method, it is now possible to perform optimization across the entire system, i.e., from the creation of the reclaimed asphalt to the production of new asphalt, and even over a longer period of time, which would not have been possible manually due to the volume of data. The reuse of reclaimed asphalt in new asphalt is thus optimized in terms of quantity and cost. The invention enables a novel variation and optimization of processing recipes and / or asphalt recipes. The inventive contribution lies in particular in the holistic approach, which takes processing plants and paving plants into account. A further inventive contribution lies in particular in the definition of individual optimization goals that can be achieved using software. According to the invention, these optimization goals can be defined individually,but preferably in partial or total combination with each other. The result of fulfilling these optimization objectives is optimized reprocessing recipes or optimized asphalt recipes, preferably optimized reprocessing recipes and optimized asphalt recipes. Reprocessing recipes each specify mixtures of at least two fractions of reclaimed asphalt with each other. Asphalt recipes specify mixtures of at least one fraction of reclaimed asphalt with new material. These recipes enable optimal reuse and / or optimal quality of the new asphalt. Since several optimization objectives exist, the optimum is preferably represented by a Pareto set of Pareto-optimal solutions. From this, exactly one Pareto optimum is selected, preferably using a weighted sum method. Depending on the variant of the method, the joint computer-implemented or software-based mathematical optimization method, which theindividual optimization objectives should be achieved at a higher percentage than another of the individual optimization objectives. The optimization objectives are thus weighted. The result is a scalar and can thus be treated as a single objective. In particularly preferred variants of the method according to the invention, all three optimization objectives are considered together, whereby the objective of the joint computer-implemented or software-based mathematical optimization method is to achieve all three optimization objectives in the best possible way. If the utilization rate is divided into two optimization sub-objectives, the preferred objective of the method is to also achieve each of these optimization sub-objectives in the best possible way. Depending on the variant of the method and / or depending on the user settings of the optimization software according to the invention, the joint optimization method takes into account which of the individual optimization objectives should be achieved at a higher percentage thananother of the individual optimization objectives. This complex optimization procedure is reduced to a linear programming problem in preferred variants of the procedure. This reduction to a linear problem is applied in particular due to the large number of optimization variables and enables the best possible achievement of all three optimization objectives in the form of a global optimum. In preferred variants of the procedure, the optimization objective 1a), i.e. the RA ratio, serves to determine an optimal processing recipe, also called the RA recipe. The RA recipe preferably specifies the quantity ratio in which the fractionated reclaimed asphalt is to be remixed. The procedure for achieving the optimization objective 1a) cannot usually be mapped linearly and can be carried out, for example, using a gradient-free search method, for example in a pattern search. In preferred variants of the procedure, the optimization objectives 2),3) and 1b) together to determine an optimal asphalt recipe, also called pavement recipe. This can be carried out, for example, in a linear optimization process (linear programming) with a dual simplex algorithm. In preferred first forms of the method according to the invention, a mixing ratio of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt to the new material is determined for processing into new asphalt by means of software using an optimization process. The optimization process maximizes the recycled content in the new asphalt as best as possible, whereby the recycled content is formed by material from the fractionated reclaimed asphalt. In addition, the optimization process maximizes at least the recycling rate of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt available within a defined period of time. This method thus combines the optimization objectives 1) and 2) or 1b) and 2). The amount of recyclable reclaimed asphalt can be determined in these firstforms of the method. The method preferably enables the creation of an optimized asphalt recipe for the production of new asphalt. The optimization objective 3) is preferably taken into account when creating the optimized asphalt recipe. In preferred second forms of the method according to the invention, a mixing ratio of the at least two fractions of the reclaimed asphalt to each other is determined for processing into new asphalt by means of software using an optimization method. The optimization method maximizes at least one utilization rate of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within a defined period of time. This method preferably serves to achieve the optimization objective 1) or 1a). This determines the ratio in which material from the fractionated reclaimed asphalt is to be recombined. The utilization rate of the total amount of reclaimed asphalt can thereby be increased. Alternatively orIn addition, the utilization rate of the individual fractions can be increased. The method preferably enables the creation of an optimized processing recipe. In preferred third forms of the method according to the invention, the at least two fractions comprise a fraction of the smallest grain size, the grain size of which enables processing into new asphalt. For processing into new asphalt, a mixing ratio of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt to the new material for processing into new asphalt is determined by means of software using an optimization method (variant 1) and / or a mixing ratio of the at least two fractions for processing into new asphalt to each other is determined (variant 2). The optimization method maximizes as best as possible at least one utilization rate of the fraction with the smallest grain size of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within a defined period of time. In the first variant, this method combines theOptimization objectives 1) and 2) or 1b) and 2) and in the second variant achieves optimization objective 1) or 1a). The smallest grain size fraction is the fraction of the existing fractions that can still be reused in new asphalt or that is still to be used. The decision as to which fraction is the smallest grain size fraction depends, for example, on specifications, for example of a legal or normative nature, and / or on customer requests and / or on other reasons. This process preferably enables the creation of an optimized processing recipe in the first variant, and in the second variant, the creation of an optimized asphalt recipe. The smallest grain size fraction has the highest percentage of bitumen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Since bitumen contributes significantly to the production costs of asphalt, this optimal recycling of bitumen allows the costs forProduction of new asphalt. In addition, the costs for the recycling or disposal of non-reused reclaimed asphalt or bitumen are reduced. The above-mentioned first, second and third forms of the method according to the invention enable an improvement in the recycling of reclaimed asphalt. The method preferably uses an optimizer which comprises or consists of the said software. The optimizer preferably comprises software for carrying out a mathematical optimization process. Preferably, in all of the above-mentioned first, second and third forms of the method according to the invention, the software is used not only to determine the mixing ratio of the at least two fractions to one another, i.e., the processing recipe, but also the mixing ratio of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt to the new material, i.e., the asphalt recipe. This enables the provision of all materials for the production of newAsphalt. The optimization process preferably comprises at least two, preferably all, of the following optimizations: a. best possible maximization of the recycled content in the new asphalt, wherein the recycled content is formed by material from the fractionated reclaimed asphalt, b. best possible maximization of the utilization rate of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within a defined period of time, c. best possible maximization of the utilization rate of the fraction with the smallest grain size of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within a defined period of time. As a result, at least two or all three of the above-mentioned first, second, and third forms of the inventive method are combined in a common optimizer. This enables an optimization in which the advantages of at least two of the above-mentioned first, second, and third forms of the method are achieved. These advantages are in particular, but not exclusively: - in the newAs much reclaimed asphalt as possible is recycled or reused, - as many fractions of the reclaimed asphalt as possible are recycled, - the costs of the new asphalt are optimized thanks to the best possible maximization of bitumen, - as little bitumen as possible has to be disposed of. The optimization process preferably takes into account a declared target of the new asphalt for the best possible maximization. The declared target is a defined set of properties that is predetermined and is no longer recalculated or another specification, for example a legal provision, a standard, a guideline and / or a customer specification. The optimizer calculates a recipe that should best achieve the declared target. Preferably, a recipe for the production of new asphalt is created using the software, preferably using the mathematical optimization process, whereby the recipe corresponds to the fractionalReclaimed asphalt. Preferably, the recipe is optimized so that the newly produced asphalt corresponds as closely as possible to the specified target. The software, preferably the optimization method, preferably takes the declared target into account when creating the recipe. The recipe preferably includes at least one asphalt recipe for mixing fractionated reclaimed asphalt with new material for the purpose of producing new asphalt and / or at least one processing recipe for mixing the at least two fractions of the reclaimed asphalt for use in the production of new asphalt. Preferably, both recipes are present in the recipe. In some embodiments, exactly one asphalt recipe and / or exactly one processing recipe is obtained. In other embodiments, several asphalt recipes and / or processing recipes are obtained. Preferably, they are obtained for the entire defined period of time. Preferably, one processing recipe isassigned to an asphalt recipe. Preferably, the asphalt recipe is optimized according to the preparation recipe or the preparation recipe is optimized according to the asphalt recipe, or both are mutually optimized. The recipes of the recipe are thus preferably linked for the purpose of optimization. The asphalt recipe is used to produce the new asphalt, which is composed of new material and reclaimed asphalt. The preparation recipe is used to create the optimal mixture of reclaimed asphalt. The optimization, which the software carries out when creating the recipe, uses only one of these recipes or both recipes, depending on the form of the method according to the invention and depending on the variant of the method according to the invention. Depending on the form or variant of the method according to the invention, the software is a single program that solves the entire optimization task. In other embodiments, the software contains several programs, each programoptimization process, preferably with an optimization algorithm. For example, the software comprises an independent processing program and an asphalt program. The processing program preferably serves to achieve the optimization goal 1a). The asphalt program preferably serves to jointly achieve the optimization goals 1b), 2) and 3). The processing program determines an optimized mixture of the fractions to form fraction groups. This is done at least for some of the fractions and preferably for that part of the fractions that also includes the smallest grain size fraction. The determination preferably takes into account the currently available reclaimed asphalt, preferably additionally taking into account - the reclaimed asphalt expected in the defined period of time - and / or an output quantity of fractionated reclaimed asphalt due to existing orders for new asphalt - and / or an output quantity of fractionatedReclaimed asphalt is taken into account due to orders for new asphalt to be processed within the defined time period. The orders to be processed are preferably composed of orders already received and estimated orders still to be expected. This processing program is claimed as an independent invention. The asphalt program creates asphalt recipes, which are preferably based on the results of the processing program. The asphalt program determines the ratio of the fraction groups to each other and the type and number of fraction groups used. In one variant of the method, the processing program calculates the processing recipe according to the asphalt recipe calculated by the asphalt program. In other variants, the processing program changes its previously determined processing recipe according to the asphalt program. In further variants, the results of both programs are used to adapt the result of theeach other program is used to maximize the optimization of the final data. The optimizations and calculations are preferably all carried out automatically, whereby a user can preferably change or adapt individual parameters and the boundary conditions. Preferably, the method according to the invention optimizes the mixture of the fractions of the existing reclaimed asphalt for a new asphalt. The quantity that is optimized is preferably one or more batches. The batch can, for example, be the mixture in a paving plant, a truckload, the short-term or long-term requirement of a construction site, the quantity in a defined period of time, or another quantity. Preferably, care is taken to ensure that the proportion of reclaimed asphalt in a batch is as high as possible compared to the new material used. At the same time, preferably, care is taken to ensure that the output over a specific period of time, within which preferably several batches are taken into accountThe output consists of the reclaimed asphalt material which can definitely no longer be recycled to produce new asphalt. This material which can no longer be used for new asphalt is, for example, material with an excessively high proportion of fine or old bitumen or an excessively high PAH content. It can also be fractions with very small grain sizes which, for example, due to standards, legal regulations or customer specifications, can only be used in small quantities for new asphalt. In preferred variants of the process, the software takes into account the bitumen content and / or bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen of at least one of the at least two fractions of the reclaimed asphalt or at least one of the further fractions of the reclaimed asphalt explained below, called sub-fractions, when creating the recipe.a bitumen content and / or bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen of the fraction or sub-fraction with the smallest grain size, the grain size of which allows processing into new asphalt, are taken into account. The bitumen hardness can be determined, for example, using needle penetration and / or ring and ball softening point. Rheological properties can be determined, for example, using the Bitumen Typing Rapid Method (BTSV). In some variants of the method, the bitumen content and / or bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties are determined for all fractions and / or sub-fractions of the reclaimed asphalt and are taken into account by the software, preferably by the optimization process, when creating the recipe. In other variants of the method, only a portion is determined and the remaining values ​​are empirical values. In further variants, all values ​​are empirical values ​​or are only checked or determined sporadically.Preferably, the reclaimed asphalt is divided into more than two fractions with different grain sizes, with material from two or more of the fractions with different grain sizes being combined to form a fraction group in accordance with the processing recipe, in order to be fed together to a paving plant or to be stored together. This facilitates further processing. Preferably, for at least some of the fractions of the reclaimed asphalt, their composition with regard to one or more of the following parameters is taken into account by the software, preferably by the optimization process, when adhering to the target or when creating the recipe: bitumen content, bitumen hardness determined by needle penetration and / or by ring and ball softening point, sieve curve. In variants of the process, further measuring methods are used to determine bitumen properties, for example the Bitumen Typing Rapid Method (BTSV).This allows the utilization rate of the reclaimed asphalt and / or the recycled content in the new asphalt to be optimally maximized, particularly during formulation preparation. Preferably, the fractions selected according to the formulation are heated or warmed individually, in groups, or together in the paving plant. In other embodiments, it is added directly to the heated new material, i.e., without separate heating. In preferred variants of the method according to the invention, the reclaimed asphalt is divided into at least three fractions with grain sizes 0 / w, w / x, x / z millimeters, preferably into four fractions with grain sizes 0 / w, w / x, x / y, y / z millimeters. Where w <x<y<z. Die Korngrössen sind vorzugsweise 0 / 8, 8 / 11, 11 / 16 und 16 / 22 Millimeter. Fraktionierungen in andere Korngrössen sind möglich. Vorzugsweise werden die Fraktionen getrennt voneinander gelagert. Vorzugsweise wird das Material aus mindestens einem Teil der Fraktionen nach Massgabe des deklarierten Solls oder der Rezepturcombined into a first fraction group in order to be fed together to a paving plant or to be stored together. For example, the reclaimed asphalt is divided into at least fractions with grain sizes 0 / 8, 8 / 11, 11 / 16 and 16 / 22 and stored, whereby the fractions with grain sizes 8 / 11, 11 / 16 and 16 / 22 are combined into a first fraction group in accordance with the recipe calculated by the software in order to be fed together to the paving plant. The fraction with grain size 0 / 8 is fed separately. The fractions of the first fraction group are preferably stored separately from one another. In preferred processes, the fraction 0 / w millimeters is at least partially divided into at least two further fractions, called sub-fractions, with grain sizes 0 / u, u / w millimeters. Preferably, it is divided into three sub-fractions with 0 / u, u / vv / w millimeters. This is u <v<w. Die Korngrössen sind beispielsweise 0 / 2, 2 / 4, 4 / 8 Millimeter.Thus, the fraction with a grain size of 0 / 8 can also be further subdivided, alternatively or additionally, partially or completely. This results in subfractions with grain sizes of 0 / 2, 2 / 4, and 4 / 8, which are preferably stored separately. The fractions with grain sizes of 0 / 2, 2 / 4, and 4 / 8 are preferably combined into a second fraction group according to the recipe calculated by the software. The same applies to the subfractionation described below. Preferably, the material from at least some of the subfractions is combined into a second fraction group according to the declared target or the recipe, in order to be fed together to a paving plant or to be stored together. In preferred processes, the fraction 0 / w millimeters is at least partially subdivided into at least two subfractions with grain sizes 0 / t, t / w millimeters. Preferably, it is divided into three subfractions with grain sizes 0 / t, t / u, u / wmillimeters or divided into four sub-fractions with grain sizes of 0 / t, t / u, u / v, v / w millimeters. Where t <u<v<w.0 / t ist dabei vorzugsweise 0 / 1 und noch bevorzugter 0 / 0.5 Millimeter. Alternative Fraktionierungen und Unterfraktionierungen sind möglich. Die Fraktion mit der Korngrösse 0 / 0.5 ist je nach Verfahren diejenige Fraktion, die vollständig oder zu einem hohen Prozentsatz nicht mehr in den Recycling-Prozess zurückgeführt werden kann. In anderen Verfahren ist dies jedoch noch mindestens teilweise möglich. Je nach Verfahren bildet sie somit die noch wiederverwertbare Fraktion mit der kleinsten Körnung. In anderen Verfahren ist die nächstgrössere Fraktion diejenige Fraktion mit der kleinsten Körnung. Die Fraktionierung bis zu einer derart kleinen Körnung von 0 / 2, 0 / 1 und noch bevorzugter 0 / 0.5 Millimeter ermöglicht eine grosse Wiederverwertung des Bitumens. Fraktionen mit kleinen Körnungen weisen einen grossen Bitumenanteil auf. Eine Fraktion mit der Korngrösse 0 / 0.5 weistusually has a bitumen content of 10 to 14, in particular of approximately 12.5, percent by mass. If this fraction, or the fraction with the smallest grain size that is still recyclable, is fed into the recycling process as completely as possible, the recycling effect is maximized both ecologically and economically. State-of-the-art technology usually only fractionates down to the 0 mm to 4 mm or 0 mm to 5 mm fraction. However, a finer fractionation of the reclaimed asphalt has the advantage that less material needs to be removed from the recycling process. The finer the screening, the higher the proportion of reusable material. It has been shown that, depending on the process, it is sufficient to remove a fraction with a grain size of 0 / 0.5 completely or with a certain percentage from the recycling process. The remaining fractions of reclaimed asphalt can be reused more easily than the remainingThe smallest permissible grain size fraction, which better ensures that they can be processed as completely as possible into new asphalt or used for other purposes. For delivery from the processing plant, the material from the fractions or fraction groups is preferably applied in series to at least one conveyor belt, combined, and transported together. As a result, material from a second of these fractions or fraction groups lies on top of material from a first of the fraction or fraction group along the conveyor line. This results in a "sandwich-like" transport and a "mixing" of the material without the use of a mixer. The fraction size divisions mentioned here are common in Switzerland. However, they are not to be understood as limiting. If, for example, in other countries or for special applications, other grain size divisions are used for fractionation,are or are more suitable, these are to be understood in the same sense and claimed here as fractionation in the sense of the invention. The fractions do not usually occur in the exact quantities that can be recycled. There are short- and medium-term fluctuations. However, over a long period of time, the fluctuations usually balance out, so that all fractions can be processed evenly. The optimization process of the software therefore ensures, in a preferred variant of the process, that appropriately optimized quantities are allocated to the individual recipes over the defined period of time. Depending on the embodiment, the optimizer provides no or infinitely large buffers, or it provides sufficiently large buffers to be able to absorb and compensate for fluctuations during the optimization period. In order to maximize the utilization rate as best as possible, the software preferably takes into account the percentageGrain size composition within at least one fraction, preferably within all fractions of the reclaimed asphalt. The percentage grain size composition is shown in the sieve curves. The defined time period mentioned in this text is preferably at least several days, preferably several weeks or months, preferably a maximum of one or two years. Alternatively or additionally, it preferably ends before a temporary shutdown or reduction of a processing plant or paving plant involved in the process, or the completion of a large construction site. This is particularly important in regions with distinct seasons. Other time periods are possible. In particular, the defined time period can also be the current point in time, whereby data from the past and / or possible future data are taken into account. Depending on the variant of the process, the fractionalReclaimed asphalt a) a fractionated reclaimed asphalt currently present in a processing plant or b) the fractionated reclaimed asphalt currently present in a processing plant and a still unfractionated reclaimed asphalt present in the processing plant or c) the fractionated and unfractionated reclaimed asphalt currently present in a processing plant and a reclaimed asphalt expected to be delivered to the processing plant within the defined time period. Alternatives to the definitions of the defined time period and the fractionated reclaimed asphalt are possible. Depending on the embodiment, the optimization process is a single process or several processes, as already shown above. The optimization process preferably takes into account at least the following boundary conditions a) material quantity per existing fraction of reclaimed asphalt, b) material quantity of a fraction or sub-fraction of reclaimed asphalt with the smallest grain size, theGrain size enables processing into new asphalt, c) amount of reclaimed asphalt expected in addition to the existing reclaimed asphalt within the defined period of time. Preferably, the optimization method also takes into account at least one of the following boundary conditions a) need for additional new asphalt until the end of daily production or need for additional new asphalt within a predefined production period, b) amount of additional new asphalt still to be produced according to existing orders, c) type of additional new asphalt still to be produced according to existing orders, d) empirical values ​​from past periods, e) properties of at least some of the fractions and / or sub-fractions, these properties being at least a sieve curve and / or a bitumen content and / or a bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen, f) properties of the new material, these properties being at least a sieve curveand / or a bitumen type and / or bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen. Depending on the variant of the method, further parameters and / or boundary conditions are taken into account. Quantities and data not yet available are preferably based on past experience and / or on correspondingly prepared forecasts. Preferably, the method equally weights all received and anticipated orders for new asphalt. In other variants, the optimization method preferentially or exclusively considers one type or a predefined number of types of new asphalt. This allows market needs to be optimally met. Preferably, the method equally weights fractions and / or sub-fractions. In other embodiments, the optimization method preferentially or exclusively considers one fraction or sub-fraction or a predefined number of fractions or sub-fractions. This allowstargeted reduction or build-up of material quantities of the fractions. The above-mentioned methods offer the possibility of optimizing all formulations over the entire defined period of time. In a method for producing new asphalt using reclaimed asphalt, which is claimed as an independent invention, the reclaimed asphalt is divided into fractions with different grain sizes to be processed together with new material to form new asphalt. A recipe for producing the new asphalt is created using software using a mathematical optimization method. The optimization method maximizes the recycled content in the new asphalt as best as possible, with the recycled content being formed by material from the fractionated reclaimed asphalt. The optimization method takes into account a declared target for the new asphalt in the best possible maximization. This method preferably combines at least the aforementionedOptimization objectives 2) and 3). Thanks to the creation of new recipes, especially asphalt recipes, the recycling rate can be improved and / or the proportion of recycled bitumen increased. In some processes, only a single fraction is reused, here referred to as the first fraction. The second or the remaining fractions are no longer processed into new asphalt. This is preferably, but not exclusively, the case with reclaimed asphalt with a medium or high PAH load. A medium PAH load is defined differently depending on the country or region. For example, a PAH load of 250 mg / kg to 650 mg / kg can be described as medium, and a PAH load of 650 mg / kg to 1000 mg / kg can be described as high. In one variant of this process, only this first fraction is recycled and, if necessary, mixed with new material. In another variant of this process, one or more fractions of a differentfractionation process of this first fraction. In the other fractionation process, preferably reclaimed asphalt with a low PAH load was fractionated. For example, using the process described in this text. A PAH load of less than 250 mg / kg, for example, is considered low. In other processes, the fractions are stored in the form of fractionated reclaimed asphalt, separated into at least two fractions. These two or more fractions are either remixed individually or with new mixing ratios and combined with virgin material to be processed into new asphalt. Preferably, reclaimed asphalt is used that has been divided into fractions exclusively mechanically, whereby material from the fractionated reclaimed asphalt is mixed together without thermal or chemical influence and then processed with virgin material to form new asphalt. This reduces processing costs and simplifies theProcess. Furthermore, the environmental impact is reduced. This also enables cost-effective recycling of heavily PAH-contaminated reclaimed asphalt into new asphalt. The exclusively mechanical fractionation preferably comprises crushing and screening. In some embodiments, it also includes washing and / or air separation. The crushing is preferably carried out using a rotor centrifugal crusher. The process for producing new asphalt preferably uses the process described above when processing the reclaimed asphalt, although the individual forms and variants of the above process can also be used. Thus, in particular, the above fractionations and subfractionations, as well as the programs and optimization methods used, also apply to this process. A computer program product according to the invention includes the software as described above. Depending on the embodiment, the computer program product consists of several products,each comprising one or more programs with one or more optimization methods. The computer program product preferably has the following stored data or has access to at least one database with the following data: - effective asphalt recipes and / or a declared target for different asphalt types and different applications, - data concerning legal regulations and standards, - data on the individual fractions, in particular on grading curves, on stock levels of new material, on stock levels of the individual fractions of reclaimed asphalt, - data on orders still to be processed for asphalt to be delivered and / or empirical values ​​regarding asphalt production ratios, for example which pavement was produced with which quantity of reclaimed asphalt, - data on expected reclaimed asphalt inputs, - data on bitumen, such as bitumen types, bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen. In some embodiments, theAdditional data - data on individual product-specific requirements, for example, quality standards. It is also possible that only part of this data is available or that data is obtained from different sources, in particular databases. A processing plant according to the invention for carrying out the above methods has storage facilities for storing the at least two fractions. It further has mixers for mixing material from at least two of the at least two fractions and / or at least one conveyor line for the joint and simultaneous conveyance of material from at least two of the at least two fractions. The use of such a conveyor line enables mixing of the individual fractions or sub-fractions without prior mixers. This reduces costs and simplifies the process. Further variants and embodiments are specified in the dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS PreferredEmbodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings, which serve merely as an explanation and are not to be interpreted as limiting. The drawings show: Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an asphalt processing plant according to the invention; Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a paving plant according to the invention; Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a method for producing new asphalt from fractionated reclaimed asphalt and new material during a defined period of time; Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of an asphalt cycle; Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a quantity of reclaimed asphalt fed into a processing plant within a specific period of time; Figure 6a shows a schematic representation of asphalt produced in a paving plant during the period according to Figure 5; Figure 6b shows a schematic representation of a mixing ratio of reclaimed asphalt and new material in a batch; Figure 7Sieve curves of a given mixture for producing a new asphalt, a mixture according to a recipe calculated using the method according to the invention, and the range of a standard; Figure 8 shows a graphic representation of a composition of the sub-fractions 0 / 0.5, 0.5 / 2, 2 / 4, and 4 / 8; Figure 9 shows a graphic representation of a composition of the fractions 8 / 11, 11 / 16, and 16 / 22; Figure 10 shows a graphic representation of a composition of a mixture of the mixtures according to Figures 8 and 9, and Figure 11 shows a graphic representation of a composition of a new asphalt with new material and the mixture of reclaimed asphalt according to Figure 10. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Introduction and representation of an example Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an asphalt processing plant. The representation is massively simplified. Plant areas not shown, which are particularly suitable for the processing of reclaimed asphalt, for the provisionof new material and for the renewed production of asphalt are known to those skilled in the art and are therefore not shown here for better readability of the figure. Reclaimed asphalt is delivered to the processing plant in slabs or as milled material. If not done elsewhere, the reclaimed asphalt is broken up in at least one crusher 1, and bitumen is removed. Crushers 1 are known in the art. They crush the slabs or the milled material so that they can be fed to a screening plant. The screening plant comprises at least one screen, preferably several screens. Such screens are also known in the art. A zeroth screen, not shown here, has the largest openings of the screening plant. The screen overflow, i.e. the material that does not pass through these openings, is the oversize grain. It is sent back into the crushing process. A first screen 21has passage openings corresponding to the largest grain size of the fractionation. The screen overflow, i.e. the material that does not pass through these passage openings, is stored in a first group or fraction 31. This first fraction 31 comprises the crushed material of the reclaimed asphalt with the largest grain size. The material passing through the first screen 21 is directed to a second screen 22. Here the screen overflow forms a second fraction 32 and the screen pass goes to a third screen 23. This can be repeated as many times as required until a fraction with the smallest grain size still suitable for recycling is obtained. In this example there are three screens 21, 22, 23 and thus four fractions 31, 32, 33, 34. The fourth fraction 34 is made up of the material that passed through the third screen 23. It forms the group or fraction with the smallest grain size. The grain size of the individual fractions is, for example, as follows: FirstFraction 3116 / 22 (ie 16 to 22 mm diameter), second fraction 3211 / 16 (ie 11 to 16 mm diameter), third fraction 338 / 11 (ie 8 to 11 mm diameter) and fourth fraction 340 / 8 (ie 0 to 8 mm diameter). The fourth fraction 34 can optionally be divided into smaller fractions 340, 341, 342, 343, here called sub-fractions, using additional sieves 240, 241, 242. Depending on the process variant or the design of the plant, the entire fourth fraction 34 is divided or only a part of it. For example, three sieves are available to divide at least part of the fourth fraction 34. This results in four sub-fractions. The grain sizes are, for example, 4 / 8, 2 / 4, 0.5 / 2 and 0 / 0.5. The numbers, in turn, indicate the ranges of grain or particle diameters in mm. These fractions 31, 32, 33, and 34 are stored in separate piles. Subfractions 340, 341, 342, and 343 are also separated in a variant of the process.stored. Preferably, however, they are combined in a new mixing ratio to form a fraction group. Different mixtures can also be formed from these sub-fractions, and thus different fraction groups. Such mixtures are preferably determined by an optimizer, i.e., software that carries out mathematical optimization processes. The optimizer is explained in more detail further down in the text. Preferably, the reclaimed asphalt is divided into fractions exclusively mechanically, whereby material from the fractionated reclaimed asphalt is mixed together without thermal or chemical influences, and then processed with new material to form new asphalt. In a variant of the process, the composition of the piles is analyzed so that at least the bitumen content is known, and this is known at least from the fourth fraction 34 or at least from one of its first four sub-fractions 340, 341, 342, 343. OtherProperties, as already explained in the above section "Presentation of the Invention," can also be determined fraction by fraction and stored in a database for later use by the optimizer. In other variants, the optimizer uses empirical values ​​obtained from one or more previous measurements. The material of the fourth subfraction 343 is usually not or only partially suitable for the recycling process for producing new asphalt and yields a discharge 4 that must be recycled in another way or properly disposed of. If no or only partial material from fraction 34 is divided into subfractions, fraction 34 yields a discharge 4. It is also possible, but not desirable, for the first three subfractions 340, 341, 342 to also yield a discharge 4. This is because, for example, the fraction or subfraction contains excessively high levels of non-reusable material, such as PAH.This is also the case, for example, because there is too large a quantity and the optimizer cannot introduce all of the material from these fractions into the recycling cycle. Material from the reclaimed asphalt fractionated in this way is used for delivery to produce new asphalt in a new ratio to one another. This ratio is determined by the optimizer. Preferably, at least two of the first, second, and third fractions 31, 32, 33 are combined to form a first fraction group, and material from these fractions 31, 32, 33 is fed together to an asphalt production plant, here a paving plant 5. In this example, this is done via a first conveyor belt 50. It is also possible that only one of these fractions is fed to the paving plant. The quantities of the three individual fractions 31, 32, 33 delivered to the paving plant are determined by a processing recipe, which is determined by the optimizer for theto be produced. The material from the fourth fraction 34 or its sub-fractions 340, 341, 342, 343 is preferably delivered separately to the paving plant 5, preferably by means of a second conveyor belt 51. The quantity of the fourth fraction 34 that is processed in the paving plant together with the first fraction group is also defined by the recipe determined or calculated according to the invention. This quantity is also part of the processing recipe and is determined by the processing program. Material only from fraction 34 can be processed without using material from the first three fractions 31, 32, 33. For example, a fraction with a grain size of s / t mm, preferably 4 / 22 mm, can be created and processed as the only fraction with new material to form new asphalt. The formation of the fraction s / t mm, preferably 4 / 22 mm, can, for example, be carried out exclusively mechanically. For example,by crushing, preferably using a rotor centrifugal crusher, and by screening. Additionally, but not necessarily, the exclusively mechanical fractionation takes place by washing and / or air classification. A process for minimizing the PAH content in such a fraction s / t mm, preferably 4 / 22 mm, is described in the patent application filed by the same applicant on the same day. The content is incorporated into this text by reference. If sub-fractions 340, 341, 342 are present, these are combined into a second fraction group analogous to the first three fractions 31, 32, 33, so that the material removed from these sub-fractions 340, 341, 342 is fed together to the paving plant 5 via the second conveyor belt 51. Depending on the variant of the process, a portion of the fourth sub-fraction 343 is also part of the second fraction group. The proportional composition of the individual sub-fractions 340, 341, 342, 343 is again determined according toBased on the determined or calculated recipe, in particular the processing recipe. The ratio of the two or more fraction groups delivered to the paving plant, as well as their total quantity, is specified by the respective asphalt recipe. The delivery can, for example, relate to an order or an entire daily production. The delivery can also relate to other types of batches. As already mentioned, in a preferred variant of the process, the asphalt recipe can select the desired ratios based on the fraction compositions determined by the processing recipe. In other, preferred variants of the process, the processing recipe compiles optimized fraction groups according to the asphalt recipe. In further variants, the determination and optimization are carried out iteratively according to both recipes and both programs. Depending on the type of optimization - the proportion of reclaimed asphalt in the new asphalt, i.e. the RA proportion, is bestmaximized, but the minimization of the output, in particular the unused portion of the smallest grain size fraction, is taken into account but not fully achieved, or - the output is minimized as best as possible, but at the expense of maximizing the RA portion. Both requirements cannot therefore be fully met in all situations, but are mutually led to a compromise solution. This is the task of the optimization method(s). Preferably, the software is designed in such a way that the user can select the weighting with which the individual optimization goals are to be achieved. Some more concrete embodiments of the optimizer are described further below. Preferably, material from the individual fractions or sub-fractions is brought successively onto the conveyor belts 50, 51, as can be seen in Figure 1. Material to be delivered from the individual fractions is shown in Figure 1 as beltsrepresented by different hatchings. The quantities given are purely schematic. This serial feeding onto the conveyor belts 50, 51 results in fractions lying on top of each other on the conveyor belts. They thus form a so-called sandwich, so that they are delivered in a "mixed" state. Additional mixers are therefore unnecessary. This reduces time and costs. In Figure 1, material with a smaller grain size lies above material with a larger grain size. However, the system can also be arranged so that material with a smaller grain size lies below material with a larger grain size. Depending on the process variant, only one fraction group (sandwich) is fed to the paving plant on a single conveyor belt or two of the more than two, i.e., n fraction groups on n conveyor belts (n = a natural number). Instead of two conveyor belts 50, 51, only one conveyor belt can be used, or the twoConveyor belts 50, 51 can be combined into one conveyor belt in the processing plant or on the way. Alternatively, three or more conveyor belts can be used. Furthermore, each fraction can be assigned its own conveyor belt, or individual fractions can be transported optionally on different conveyor belts. Instead of conveyor belts, other, similarly acting conveying means can also be used, which are intended to be encompassed by the term "conveyor belt." Alternatively or additionally, material from different fractions and sub-fractions can be combined in predetermined ratios into fraction groups and stored for later use in the processing plant, in a depot, in the paving plant, or at another location. Figure 2 shows the paving plant 5. The paving plant 5 is shown in a very simplified manner. The individual elements of a paving plant 5 are known to those skilled in the art, so that a detailed representation of allElements are omitted. Figure 2 schematically illustrates the following elements of the paving plant 5: - a first processing unit 52, into which the material of the first fraction group is fed via the first conveyor belt 50, - a second processing unit 53, into which the material of the fourth fraction 34 and / or the second fraction group is fed via the second conveyor belt 51, - a storage and depot for new material 6, and - a mixer, preferably a mixing tower 54. The first and second processing units 52, 53 are illustrated in a very simplified manner. They can each consist of a cold material silo (also called a cold silo). However, they can also each comprise a drying drum or a shared drying drum and / or at least one hot material silo (also called a hot silo). Alternatively, a shared hot material silo can also be provided. Other common embodiments and combinations of silos, drums, and other devices are also possible.possible. Instead of two processing units, only a single processing unit or more than two processing units can be used. The at least one processing unit can also consist of other devices. The use of at least one hot silo is preferred. In other preferred embodiments, no separate processing units 52, 53 for the fractionated reclaimed asphalt are present in the paving plant 5 (and / or in the asphalt processing plant). This means that the delivered fractionated reclaimed asphalt is temporarily stored as delivered or mixed directly with new material. Preferably, at least no processing units are present that chemically or thermally treat the fractionated reclaimed asphalt on their own. As can be seen in Figure 2, the delivered material of the two fraction groups is fed together with new material 6 to the mixing tower 54 to be processed into new asphalt. FromThe new asphalt is transported to the place of use from the mixing tower 54 by means of suitable transport means 8. The symbol used in Figure 2 for the transport means 8 is not to be interpreted as being exhaustive. It can also be a different means of transport. Figure 3 schematically shows how the fractionated reclaimed asphalt 31, 32, 33, 34 is processed with new material 6 over a defined period of time to form new asphalt. Reference numeral 70 indicates the composition of the material used from the first fraction group, reference numeral 71 indicates the material used from the fourth fraction 34 and / or the material used from the second fraction group. The material of the second fraction group was taken from fraction 34 and / or from at least some of the sub-fractions 340, 341, 342, 343. To simplify Figure 3, sub-fractions 340, 341, 342, 343 are not shown, even if they are present. The unused part of the fractionated asphalt is used asDischarge 4 is reused elsewhere or disposed of. Reference numeral 72 indicates the new material 6 used during the defined period of time. The new material 6 preferably comprises at least mineral 60, bitumen 61, and filler 62, also called filler. The fractions and subfractions of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt mixed for each batch are delivered to the mixing tower 54 via the first and second conveyor belts 50, 51. The new material 6 is fed into the mixing tower 54 via a third conveyor belt 63. In this example, this occurs without prior chemical or thermal processing of the reclaimed asphalt. It was merely fractionated, and its fractions combined in new mixing ratios. The optimizer 7 then enables the best possible reuse of the reclaimed asphalt available within a defined period of time through one or more optimization processes, preferably by - maximizing the utilization rate of the reclaimed asphalt as best as possible,For example, by optimizing processing recipes and / or - maximizing the recycling content in new asphalt as best as possible, preferably by optimizing asphalt recipes accordingly. Maximizing the recycling rate, for example, considers all fractions or fraction groups, or only some or only one fraction or fraction group. For example, only the recycling rate of the fraction or subfraction with the smallest grain size is maximized as best as possible. - As an optimization sub-goal for maximizing the recycling rate, the surplus can be minimized. As an alternative or additional optimization sub-goal, the output can be minimized or the recycling rate can be maximized. Preferably, the optimizer achieves one, two, or all three of the optimization goals 1), 2), and 3) mentioned above as best as possible. Preferably, the optimizer also achieves both of the aforementioned optimization sub-goals as best as possible. The result of the optimizer is a recipe. The recipecomprises at least one processing recipe and / or at least one asphalt recipe. Preferably, the recipe comprises exactly one asphalt recipe per asphalt with an associated processing recipe. In preferred embodiments, the same processing recipe is suitable for several asphalt recipes. Thus, the recipe can contain several asphalt recipes and several processing recipes. Several means two, three, etc. up to one hundred or more. The recipe can relate to a batch, in particular a quantity over a longer or shorter period of time, or to another existing order. The recipe specifies which fractions and subfractions of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt and / or which fraction groups are to be used, as well as in which quantities these fractions or fraction groups are to be used for the corresponding batch, in particular an order. Furthermore, the recipe specifies which type of new material, in particular how much bitumen, is required for this batch.should be used. Preferably, the recipe also specifies which type of new material, in particular bitumen, should be used for this batch. An example of a software-based, mathematical optimizer is explained in more detail below. The functions, variants, or alternative functions of the optimizer are also specified in the chapter "Description of the Invention." Figure 4 shows an asphalt cycle. During the rehabilitation of a road S or another construction site, the pavement is removed and the reclaimed asphalt (here designated RA) is stored for recycling in a warehouse L or directly processed further. The material is processed by crushing it and separating it into the individual fractions through the sieve. The material, divided into fractions 31, 32, 33, 34, is fed to the paving plant 5 together with new material 6, here referred to as virgin material. The new asphalt, or the new pavement, is produced and re-applied to this or ato another construction site. Unused reclaimed asphalt material is disposed of as waste 4 or recycled in another way. The center of Figure 4 shows that waste 4 and the new material 6 used should have as small a proportion as possible. If this is the case, the asphalt recycling cycle is almost completely closed. This results in the optimization tasks of optimizer 7: best possible maximum utilization rate of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt, best possible maximization of the recycled content and thus minimization of the new material to be used, best possible quality in achieving the specifications for the desired asphalt type, and best possible minimization of waste, i.e. maximum utilization of the still usable fraction of the smallest grain size of the reclaimed asphalt. This optimization is carried out over an optimization period, preferably over a defined period of time. The optimization period or the definedThe time period preferably comprises one day or several days, preferably several weeks or months, preferably a maximum of one year or two years. Alternatively or additionally, it preferably ends before a temporary shutdown or reduction of a processing plant or a paving plant involved in the process, or before the completion of a large construction site. This is particularly true in regions with distinct seasons. Other time periods are possible. In a preferred variant of the process, the quantity of reclaimed asphalt already in the processing plant and the quantity still to be supplied within the defined time period are taken into account. Likewise, in this or an alternative variant, the orders already in place in the paving plant and the delivery commitments still to be received within the defined time period are taken into account. Figure 5 shows aAmount of reclaimed asphalt supplied over a specific period of time. Reference numeral 3 represents the portion of reclaimed asphalt that is processed into new asphalt in the plant and thus recycled. Reference numeral 4' indicates the portion of reclaimed asphalt that is not processed in the paving plant and thus arises from the process as discharge 4 or cannot be reused within the time period. The goal of the optimizer 7 is to keep the recycling rate as high as possible, i.e., to use as much of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt as possible in the cycle according to Figure 4. This can be the entire fractionated reclaimed asphalt that is suitable and approved for reuse in new asphalt, or it can be individual fractions, preferably the fraction or sub-fraction with the smallest grain size. Figure 6a shows the composition of new asphalt produced in the paving plant within the same time period according to Figure 5. Reference numeral 3' denotes the portionprocessed reclaimed asphalt to produced new asphalt, i.e., the recycled content. Reference symbol 6' indicates the proportion of new material. The goal of optimizer 7 is to keep the recycled content as high as possible within this defined time period. Preferably, the optimizer ensures that the proportion of reclaimed asphalt in each new batch, especially for each new order, is as high as possible in newly produced asphalt. The latter is shown in Figure 6b. Figure 6b shows the material quantity of a batch for an order of new asphalt. The quantities of fractionated reclaimed asphalt 3'' and new material 6'' are selected such that the recycled content is as high as possible. Preferably, a further goal of optimizer 7 is to optimize the asphalt recipe according to the order such that the recycled content in the corresponding batch is also optimized as best as possible. Figure 7 uses sieve curves to show the scope of optimizer 7 forits optimization tasks, particularly when optimizing an asphalt recipe. The manufacturer's or customer's specifications, i.e., the target values ​​or the declared target, are marked with reference numeral 91 in Figure 7. The optimizer 7 attempts to keep the mixture for the new asphalt, i.e., the asphalt recipe, as close as possible to these target values, while still fulfilling at least some of its aforementioned optimization tasks. An optimized result of the optimizer 7 is marked with reference numeral 92. The bars 93 indicate how far the produced asphalt may deviate from the declared target value. The two limiting lines with reference numeral 90 indicate the legal or normative limits that the mixture must adhere to for the planned use of the asphalt. A newly produced asphalt must therefore adhere to both the legal / normative limits and the deviation from the declared target value represented by the bars.Figures 8 to 10 show sieve curves of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt, where the fractions or sub-fractions have been mixed together in a specific ratio. This newly mixed material can be used as a recycled component in the production of new asphalt. "RA" stands for recycled asphalt, i.e., for reusable, fractionated reclaimed asphalt. The sieve curves can be changed by varying the mixing ratio of the fractions or sub-fractions. The mixing ratios thus result in the processing recipe. Figure 8 shows the composition of the fraction with grain size 0 / 8. This fraction can be fraction 34. As already mentioned above, it can be used in some variants of the process or for some recipes without further fractionation. In a simple variant of the process according to the invention, the composition of the fourth fraction 0 / 8 can be determined by taking samples using analysis sieves of appropriate sizes.Determine the size. The values ​​thus obtained are preferably stored in Optimizer 7 and assigned to the corresponding specific fraction. Thus, different deposits of the same fraction size may have different compositions stored in a database of Optimizer 7. In other variants of the process, Optimizer 7 uses empirical values ​​without a direct assignment of the fractions to specific deposits. In Figure 8, however, Fraction 0 / 8 is composed of the four sub-fractions 340, 341, 342, and 343. They form the second fraction group mentioned above. The sieve curves of the individual sub-fractions are shown as dotted lines. Combined, they produce the sieve curve for Fraction 0 / 8, shown as a solid line. If more material with the grain size of one of the sub-fractions 340, 341, 342, 343 is used, the screening curve RA shifts more towards the screening curve of this sub-fraction 340, 341, 342, 343.Figure 9 shows the screening curve for the composition of the first fraction group with a grain size of 8 / 22. This first fraction group is made up of fractions with grain sizes of 8 / 11, 11 / 16, and 16 / 22. The same applies to Figure 8. Figure 10 shows the screening curve for the newly composed reclaimed asphalt with a grain size of 0 / 22. The material is made up of the material from the first fraction group and the second fraction group as shown in Figures 8 and 9. By changing the ratio of the material used from the two fraction groups, the screening curve with a grain size of 0 / 22 can be changed. This means that if more material with a grain size of RA 0 / 8 is used, the screening curve RA 0 / 22 shifts more in the direction of the screening curve RA 0 / 8. If more material with the grain size RA 8 / 22 is used, the RA grading curve shifts more towards the RA 8 / 22 grading curve. This results in the processing recipe. Figure 11 shows how the newly composed fractionatedReclaimed asphalt with the grading curve shown in Figure 10 can be combined with new material to produce new asphalt. Shown again are the two fraction groups 0 / 8 and 8 / 22 of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt, designated here by "RA." New material with grain sizes 0 / 2 and 16 / 22 is also used. Their grading curves are shown in Figure 11 with dashed lines. The mixing ratio of the four material groups RA 0 / 8, RA 8 / 22, new material 0 / 2, and new material 16 / 22 results in the grading curve for a new asphalt AC T 22 N. The mixing ratio thus determines the asphalt recipe. The new asphalt AC T 22 N is a road surface asphalt according to the Swiss standard for bituminous road construction. Alternatively, the fractionated reclaimed asphalt with the grain sizes RA 0 / 8 and RA 8 / 22 can also be combined with the virgin material in an optimized ratio as an already created RA 0 / 22 group in this optimization task. This could be shown in Figure 11 with thecommon screening curve RA 0 / 22 according to Figure 10 instead of the two curves according to Figures 8 and 9. Figure 11 shows that this new asphalt AC T 22 N can be produced with a relatively high proportion of fractionated reclaimed asphalt. The screening curve shown in bold in Figure 11 lies within standard 90 (see Figure 7) for this type of asphalt. The screening curve shown in bold in Figure 11 corresponds to curve 92, i.e. the optimized recipe, according to Figure 7. It was optimized in such a way that it is as close as possible to the target 91 according to Figure 7. The screening curves according to Figure 7 are purely schematic and are for explanatory purposes. Their form does not correspond to the specific example according to Figures 8 to 11. The optimizer therefore takes into account the various screening curves of the individual fractions. This allows the optimizer to achieve a mixing ratio between the fractions of the reclaimed asphalt and between the reclaimed asphalt and the new material thatis as close as possible to the target specification 91 and is guaranteed to be within the tolerance ranges 93 and within the standard 90 according to Figure 7, while still fulfilling at least some of the optimization tasks as best as possible. Preferably, all of the aforementioned optimization tasks are fulfilled as best as possible. Preferably, when creating the recipe using the optimizer 7, not only the grading curves but also other properties are taken into account. Preferably, at least one of the properties of the bitumen present in the reclaimed asphalt is taken into account. This property is, for example, but not exclusively, bitumen hardness, for example, determined by needle penetration. Furthermore, the bitumen content in at least one of the fractions, preferably in the fraction with the smallest grain size that is still used, is preferably taken into account. Reference is made to the chapter "Description of the Invention." The optimizer is a software or computer program product.with one or more programs. It has one or more optimization algorithms. The optimizer preferably applies a linear, global optimization method. Global in this context refers to the consideration of an entire optimization period. The optimization period can consider one or more batches or contain one or more time periods. Preferably, two optimization algorithms are present, which are nested or form an outer and an inner loop. More complex embodiments can also have more loops. In a preferred embodiment, the optimizer has two nested optimization algorithms. For the generation of the asphalt recipes with all the associated boundary conditions, a linear programming formulation is used, for example Matlab: linprog, which is solved with a dual simplex solver. This is a linear, global optimization method. In the outer loop,To determine the optimal recycling recipes and thus an optimally maximized recycling rate or an optimally minimized output, a gradient-free pattern search algorithm is preferably used. The input parameter to the optimizer is a weighting of the various optimization objectives, which are preferably at least: - Maximizing the recycling share (REA) of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt - Maximizing the utilization rate of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt - Optimizing the quality of the recipe or asphalt recipe. The optimization of the utilization rate is preferably divided into two optimization sub-objectives: i.e., maximizing the REA (i.e., minimizing the output) of the existing reclaimed asphalt and minimizing the surplus, i.e., the reclaimed asphalt not used for asphalt recipes within a defined period of time, in particular within the optimization period. The optimization sub-objectives can be weighted separately. The optimization of theQuality includes at least - the best possible adaptation of the asphalt recipe to the target specification, i.e. to the declared target, preferably the best possible adaptation of the grading curve, - the best possible adaptation of the bitumen content to the target specification, - the best possible adaptation of the bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen to the target specification. The boundary conditions of the optimizer are preferably at least some, preferably all, of the following conditions: - Target properties of the new asphalt to be produced, such as - grading curve, such as the target according to Figure 7, - Bitumen content, - Bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen - Quantity of new asphalt to be produced - Quantity of fractionated reclaimed asphalt - Ratio of the material quantity of the fractions of the reclaimed asphalt to each other - grading curves of the new material (called white fractions), - grading curves of individual fractions and / or grading curves ofFraction groups of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt - Properties of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt, such as - Bitumen content of individual fractions and / or fraction groups - Bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen of individual fractions and / or fraction groups - Production ratio, i.e. the ratio of the quantities of the types of new asphalt to be produced - Standards or other restrictions for asphalt recipes, for example the standards according to Figure 7, - Empirical values, in particular of a qualitative nature, for example to further restrict standards, - Restrictions regarding permitted ingredients for asphalt types or types of pavements, - Empirical values ​​regarding fines content to achieve the required void content, - Empirical values ​​and / or technical boundary conditions regarding minimum addition quantities of individual additive materials (e.g. at least 10 kg / t new bitumen) The objective function is, in a simple form, a weightedSum to maximize the individual linear objectives, i.e. preferably at least: - recycling share of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt, - utilization rate of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt, - quality of the recipe. If the maximization of the utilization rate is divided into two optimization sub-objectives, then preferably two objective functions are present, defined in an inner loop and an outer loop, which preferably contains the inner loop including its objective function. The outer loop of the optimization algorithm, which contains the inner loop, preferably determines the recycling rate and thus the output of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt. The output is the part that must be disposed of or otherwise recycled and is no longer used for reuse in new asphalt. For this purpose, the output share of each fraction or sub-fraction of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt is varied. Primarily, the smallest grain size fraction is varied, butother fractions are included. The amount of material from each fraction that is not discharged is taken into account for the production of the new asphalt. It thus flows into the sandwich production, preferably in the ratio in which it accrues. This variation subsequently results in the screening curves and bitumen fractions for the combined fraction groups. The resulting screening curves are then fixed for the inner loop. The outer loop has the minimum and maximum discharge fraction for each fraction of the reclaimed asphalt as boundary conditions. Minimum and maximum are usually selected as 0% and 100%. Preferably, these are the only two boundary conditions. The inner loop optimizes the asphalt recipes, while the outer loop optimizes the processing recipes associated with the asphalt recipes. In the inner loop, the ratio of the fractions and / or sub-fractions and / or fraction groups of the reclaimed asphalt, the fractions of the new material,Filler and bitumen vary. The output is the weighted recycled content, the quality and any surplus. The weighting is based on the production ratio, i.e. the ratio of the quantities of the types of new asphalt to be produced. The quality is the deviation of the asphalt recipe from the target specification. Preferably, the deviation from the target is taken into account at each point of the sieve curve, in the bitumen content and in the bitumen hardness (and / or in the rheological properties of the bitumen). The deviations from the target are preferably calculated using a range-wise, linear approximation of an x 4Function evaluated. The surplus arises from a mismatch between the fractions of reclaimed asphalt accruing and the fractions of reclaimed asphalt required for the asphalt recipes. The output determined in the outer loop influences the composition of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt used in the asphalt recipes. This composition influences the asphalt recipes, which influence the surplus. The lower the output and the surplus, the higher the utilization rate. The properties of the individual ingredients, especially the fractions of reclaimed asphalt and the new material, bitumen, are preferably combined linearly according to their proportion. The output or result of the optimizer is optimal recipes according to the selected weighting. The recipes include asphalt recipes and preferably also processing recipes.Depending on the variant of the method, the optimizer is activated at specific intervals, for example quarterly or monthly. However, it can also be used daily or constantly. Currently measured or available data can be used as the basis for the optimization. Preferably, however, data from a past period is included, for example one year, more preferably two years. Depending on the variant of the method, a year is statically the last calendar year or fluidly the last 12 months. The time period can also be chosen differently. The data relates, for example, but preferably not exclusively, to asphalt recipes used in the past as well as to the fractions and sub-fractions of reclaimed asphalt that are produced. When data from past times is used, all data is used in some variants of the method. In preferred variants, however, individual data from the past is ignored.For this purpose, for example, the relationship between the individual previous asphalt recipes and / or preparation recipes can be taken into account. If they exhibit large extreme values, these extreme values ​​can be removed. This prevents special production runs in the past from distorting the forecasts. Furthermore, data can preferably be supplemented with order data and / or your own forecasts. If the optimizer is not used continuously but sporadically, the recipes—i.e., the asphalt recipes and the preparation recipes—are fixed and used in this form until the next optimization run. Preferably, the optimizer continuously considers the current data from recently created recipes and thus updates itself automatically. This enables batch-by-batch optimization and improves the achievement of maximization goals over a longer period of time.Thanks to the division of the reclaimed asphalt into individual fractions, the regrouping, and the combined maximization and minimization requirements, the reclaimed asphalt recycling process achieves a very high recycling rate with optimal added value thanks to the increased recycling of the cost-intensive bitumen. Furthermore, the need for new material is minimized as much as possible. A concrete example of the mathematical optimization procedure is explained below. It aims to achieve all three optimization objectives 1), 2), and 3) mentioned above as best as possible by calculating recipes for n different types of newly produced asphalt based on the quantity of reclaimed asphalt available within a given time period. Variables in bold indicate vector quantities. In this optimization procedure, optimization objective 1) is divided into two optimization sub-objectives: 1a) (maximizing the reclaimed asphalt ratio) and 1b) (minimizing the surplus). The optimization objectives can also be achieved individually or in freely selected combinations by ignoring the remaining optimization objectives or optimization sub-objectives by setting their weighting factors to zero.The inner loop of this optimization procedure is as follows: The asphalt properties a) to d) are described in the following four formulas as follows: a) Bitumen content b(Aj) of the newly produced asphalt A. j : where m(A j ) the number of components C i of asphalt A j The components include the new material (rock and binder) and the fractionated reclaimed asphalt. x i (A j ) the amount in mass percent of component C i in asphalt A j The set of all x i (A j ) of a specific asphalt A j form the asphalt recipe of this asphalt A j . b(C i ) the bitumen content of component C i b) Sieve curve s(Aj) of asphalt Aj: where s(Ci) is the sieve curve of component Ci. c) Needle penetration P(Aj) of asphalt Aj: where P(Ci) is the needle penetration of component Ci and ln is the natural logarithm. d) Ring and sphere softening point T(Aj) of asphalt Aj: where T(Ci) is the ring and sphere softening point of component Ci. Functions (2), (3), and (4) are nonlinear. For optimization objective 2), the RA fraction (recycling fraction) Rcont(Aj) for asphalt Aj is calculated using the following formula: where a(Aj) is the number of components of the reclaimed asphalt in the asphalt Aj. The average total RA content Rcont,avg(A) of all asphalts A is the weighted sum of the individual RA contents: where n is the number of different asphalts and f prod (A j ) the proportion of asphalt A jwith respect to the other asphalts. This optimization objective is already linear and does not require global optimization, so that each asphalt type can be considered individually. The consideration of optimization objective 3) (quality) is more complex. The quality is defined by the deviation of the recipe properties from the target value (see Figure 7). A non-linear function in the form of x^4 produces good results, since a large deviation from the target is more relevant than several smaller deviations. In addition, the target was divided into z areas, preferably 6 areas, as shown in its sieve curve (see Figure 7). This allowed the non-linear function to be approximated by z linear functions. An auxiliary variable can be introduced for each of the z areas. This results in the following formula for optimization objective 3), i.e. for quality achievement, which expresses the quality deviation in linear form Q ded,lin (A j ) of asphalt A jdescribes:: plin describes the linear function which approximates the non-linear function x^4 in a region-wise manner. ^g ^are the region-wise relative deviations from the target in the sieve curve for the sieve size g, ^b are the relative deviations from the bitumen content, ^ P are the area-wise relative deviations from the needle penetration, ^ T are the relative deviations from the softening point and ^ ^ ^ and ^ ^ ^ are corresponding weighting factors. ^ The total average quality deviation Q ded,lin,avg (A) of all asphalts A results from the corresponding weighted sum: where fQrelis the quality relevance factor for each asphalt surface. This optimization objective is also linear and does not require global optimization. Each asphalt surface can be considered independently. The smallest possible surplus, i.e., optimization objective 1b), is considered as follows: ^(Cr) is an auxiliary variable calculated for each reclaimed asphalt fraction or fraction group Cr, frec(Cr) is an available fraction of a reclaimed asphalt fraction or fraction group Cr and f rec,used (C r ) is the required proportion of the same reclaimed asphalt fraction or fraction group C r in the asphalt recipes. A global optimization across all desired asphalts A is necessary here: for all r = 1, … , a(A). ^ ^is an auxiliary variable and denotes the surplus S +a(A) is the total number of components of the reclaimed asphalt in all asphalts A. To achieve the optimization objectives 2), 3), and 1b), the weighted sum method is now applied. This is the objective function of the inner loop of the optimization procedure: where ^Rcont, ^Qand ^S adjustable weighting factors that allow the user to change the result and ^ ^ ^ Rcont , ^ Q and ^ S Fixed weighting factors ensure similar values ​​and correct signs. The constraints or side conditions of the inner loop are formulated as follows. Here, h denotes equality conditions and g denotes inequality conditions. All conditions must be linear. a) The sum of all components per asphalt recipe must be 100%. b) The minimum and maximum recycling share (RA share) are taken into account Minimum and maximum proportions or minimum and maximum values ​​of the properties are defined here and below depending on the variant of the process and / or based on user settings through empirical values, specifications, limits, standards, the declared target, or similar. c) The minimum and maximum bitumen content are taken into account. d) The minimum and maximum bitumen needle penetration are taken into account e) The minimum and maximum bitumen softening point are taken into account f) The minimum and maximum sieve curve are taken into account The minimum and maximum values ​​given above in c), d), e) and f) are based on empirical values ​​and on a combination of target values ​​and tolerances. Non-realizable ranges are not taken into account. g) Further restrictions are specified - restrictions on the auxiliary variables ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 0 ≤ ^ ≤ ∞, 0 ≤ ^ ≤ ∞, 0 ≤ ^ ≤ ∞, 0 ≤ ^ ≤ ∞ - restriction on the vector variable x 0 ≤ ^ ≤ 1 - the set of each component is either 0 or greater than a minimal set The calculations are object-based using MATLAB linprog, with the quasi-static inputs being imported from an SQL database. Alternatively, other commercial software products for solving mathematical problems and other databases can be used. The result is n asphalt recipes that together best achieve the optimization goals 2), 3) and 1b) mentioned above.The RA share is maximized, the quality of each asphalt recipe is as close as possible to the target, and the surplus is minimized. The outer loop is necessary to achieve the optimization goal 1a) mentioned above. The outer loop serves to determine the optimal recycling recipe and therefore determines the RA quota or output. To optimize goals 2), 3), and 1b) of a specific recycling recipe, the inner loop is called with the properties of the reclaimed asphalt fractions or fraction groups resulting from the recycling recipe. To achieve all three optimization goals 1), 2), and 3), the outer loop is applied as follows, again using the weighted sum method. The objective function of the outer loop is: where recipeOpt(y) represents the result from the inner loop of the optimization procedure, which results from the processing recipe to be evaluated in the outer loop (given by output y). y is the output fraction of the reclaimed asphalt fractions, R quota (y) the recycling rate resulting from the output y, ^ Rquota an adjustable weighting factor that allows the user to change the result and ^ Rquotaa fixed weighting factor that ensures similar values ​​and correct signs. Furthermore, the following applies: 0 ≤ ^ ≤ 1 In the outer loop, mathematically speaking, the output is varied, which in this case is equivalent to varying the processing recipes. The RA quota is derived from the output. Using the processing recipe for the currently evaluated output, the asphalt recipes are optimized according to the inner loop. The sum of the weighted RA quota and the optimal function value of the objective function of the inner loop, which consists of a weighted sum of RA proportion, quality and surplus, forms the function value of the objective function of the outer loop. The output is varied by the optimization process until an optimum is found. The nesting of the two loops creates nonlinearities. The calculations in the outer loop are performed using "MATLAB pattern search".The result is at least one processing recipe, preferably several processing recipes, and n asphalt recipes which together achieve the optimization goals 1), 2), 3) mentioned at the beginning as best as possible. This means that the RA quota and the RA proportion are maximized, the quality of each asphalt recipe is as close as possible to the target specification and the surplus is minimized. Example of asphalt recipes The following table shows two examples of mixtures, i.e. asphalt recipes, for an AC T 22 N pavement. The mixture in the first column is given for comparison. It consists exclusively of new material. The mixtures, i.e. in the second and third columns can be calculated using the optimization method according to the invention. They are the result of the variables selected by the user. The reclaimed asphalt is designated RA in the table. In these examples there are two fractions of reclaimed asphalt with grain sizes of 0 to 8 mm and 8 to 22 mm.New material is used in six fractions: crushed sand with a grain size of 0 to 2 mm and chippings with grain sizes of 2 to 4 mm, 4 to 8 mm, 8 to 11 mm, 11 to 16 mm, and 16 to 22 mm. Furthermore, intrinsic filler and bitumen are added as required, along with other aggregates such as paint. The properties of the newly added bitumen are preferably selected according to the properties of the bitumen present in the reclaimed asphalt. For the AC T 22 N asphalt in the first column, no reclaimed asphalt is used. For the asphalt in the second and third columns, an increasing amount of reclaimed asphalt is used, i.e., with a recycled content of 60% and 80%, respectively. As can be easily seen in the "Bitumen" row, the bitumen content is reduced from 41 kg to 13 kg. This represents a massive reduction in new bitumen consumption and thus a significant resource and cost savings. A similar result is seen for the mineral content.Example of a Recycling Recipe: Recycling recipes can be presented analogously to asphalt recipes. The columns are formed by the fraction groups, and the rows by the fractions or subfractions of the reclaimed asphalt. Examples of such fraction mixtures are shown in Figures 8 and 9. The process according to the invention thus optimizes the recycling of reclaimed asphalt and reduces the costs of producing new asphalt.LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 21 First screen 6 New material 22 Second screen 6' New material 23 Third screen 60 Mineral 24 Fourth screen 61 Bitumen 62 Filler 3 Reclaimed asphalt 63 Third conveyor belt 3' Reclaimed asphalt 3'' Reclaimed asphalt 7 Optimizer 31 First fraction 70 Composition of the 32 Second fraction first fraction group 33 Third fraction 71 Composition of the 34 Fourth fraction second fraction group 340 First sub-fraction 72 Composition of the 341 Second sub-fraction new material 342 Third sub-fraction 343 Fourth sub-fraction 8 Means of transport 4 Discharge 90 Standard values ​​4' Discharge 91 Target values ​​92 Recipe values ​​5 Paving plant 93 Deviations 50 First conveyor belt 51 Second conveyor belt L Storage 52 First processing unit S Road 53 second processing unit RA reclaimed asphalt 54 mixer BS crushed sand.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A method for recycling reclaimed asphalt, using reclaimed asphalt that is divided into fractions with different grain sizes and stored in the form of fractionated reclaimed asphalt, separated into at least two fractions, to be processed together with new material to form new asphalt, characterized in that the method uses a software-based optimization method, that the optimization method is programmed such that it has at least one optimization objective that can be achieved in the best possible way when carrying out the method, and that the optimization method has at least one of the following optimization objectives: 1) Maximizing a utilization rate of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within a defined period of time, 2) Maximizing a recycled content of fractionated reclaimed asphalt in the new asphalt (RA content), 3) Maximizing the quality of the new asphalt,wherein the quality is greater the smaller the deviation from a declared target of the new asphalt is.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the optimization method has all three optimization objectives.

3. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the software-based optimization method determines how much material of the at least two fractions is processed together with the new material to form new asphalt.

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the result of the software-based optimization method is at least one processing recipe and / or at least one asphalt recipe.

5. Method according to claim 4, wherein at least one result of the software-based optimization method is a plurality of asphalt recipes.

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one result, of the software-based optimization method is a single processing recipe that provides a mixing ratio of the at least two fractions that is applicable in multiple asphalt recipes.

7. The method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the optimization objective of maximizing the utilization rate in the software-based optimization method is divided into two optimization sub-objectives, wherein a first of these optimization sub-objectives is a maximization of an RA rate or a minimization of a discharge, and a second of these optimization sub-objectives is a minimization of a surplus.

8. The method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein two optimization methods are applied, which are designed as an inner loop and an outer loop of the software-based optimization method. 9.Method according to claims 7 and 8, wherein the best possible achievement of optimization objectives 2) and 3) as well as the second optimization sub-objective is programmed in the inner loop, and wherein the best possible achievement of the first optimization sub-objective is programmed in the outer loop.

10. Method according to claims 4 and 9, wherein the method creates at least one asphalt recipe using the inner loop and creates at least one preparation recipe using the outer loop.

11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the individual optimization objectives and / or, if present, the two optimization sub-objectives, can be weighted.

12. Method according to claim 11, wherein the weighting of the individual optimization objectives and / or, if present, the two optimization sub-objectives, can be set to zero in order to consider only some of the optimization objectives, or, if present, the two optimization sub-objectives. 13.Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the maximization of the utilization rate is limited to the utilization of a fraction of the smallest grain size or to a fraction group of the smallest grain size.

14. A method for recycling reclaimed asphalt, in particular according to claims 1 to 13, wherein the reclaimed asphalt is divided into fractions with different grain sizes and stored in the form of fractionated reclaimed asphalt, separated into at least two fractions, to be processed together with new material to form new asphalt. The method comprises determining a mixing ratio of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt to the new material for processing into new asphalt by means of software using an optimization method. The optimization method maximizes the recycled content in the new asphalt as best as possible, the recycled content being formed by material from the fractionated reclaimed asphalt. The optimization method also maximizes at least the utilization rate of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within a defined period of time.A method for recycling reclaimed asphalt, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the reclaimed asphalt is divided into fractions with different grain sizes and stored in the form of fractionated reclaimed asphalt, separated into at least two fractions, in order to be processed together with new material to form new asphalt. The method comprises determining a mixing ratio of the at least two fractions to one another for processing to form new asphalt by means of a linear optimization process, wherein the optimization process maximizes at least one utilization rate of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within a defined period of time.A process for recycling reclaimed asphalt, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the reclaimed asphalt is divided into fractions with different grain sizes and stored in the form of fractionated reclaimed asphalt, separated into at least two fractions, in order to be processed together with new material to form new asphalt, wherein the at least two. Fractions comprise a fraction of the smallest grain size, the grain size of which enables processing into new asphalt, characterized in that, for processing into new asphalt, a mixing ratio of the at least two fractions to one another is determined by means of software using an optimization process for processing into new asphalt and / or a mixing ratio of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt to the new material is determined for processing into new asphalt, wherein the optimization process maximizes at least a utilization rate of the fraction with the smallest grain size of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within a defined period of time.

17. Method according to one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the mixing ratio of the at least two fractions to one another and the mixing ratio of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt to the new material are determined by means of the software. 18.Method according to one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the optimization method comprises at least two, preferably all, of the following optimizations: a. best possible maximization of the recycled content in the new asphalt, wherein the recycled content is formed by material from the fractionated reclaimed asphalt; b. best possible maximization of the utilization rate of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within a defined period of time; c. best possible maximization of the utilization rate of the smallest-grained fraction of the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within a defined period of time.

19. Method according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the optimization method takes into account a declared target for the new asphalt in the best possible maximization. 20.Method according to one of claims 1 to 19, wherein a recipe for producing new asphalt is created by means of the software, preferably by means of the optimization method, wherein the recipe contains the fractionated reclaimed asphalt.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the formulation includes an optimized asphalt formulation for mixing fractionated reclaimed asphalt with virgin material and / or an optimized reclaimed asphalt formulation for mixing the at least two fractions of reclaimed asphalt.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the optimized asphalt formulation is optimized according to the optimized reclaimed asphalt formulation, or the optimized reclaimed asphalt formulation is optimized according to the optimized asphalt formulation, or both are mutually optimized.

23. The method according to claim 19 and any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the software, preferably the optimization method, takes the declared target into account when creating the formulation. 24.Method according to one of claims 20 to 232, wherein a bitumen content and / or bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen of at least one of the at least two fractions or at least one of the sub-fractions of the reclaimed asphalt are taken into account by the software when creating the recipe, wherein preferably a bitumen content and / or bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen of the fraction or sub-fraction with the smallest grain size, the grain size of which enables processing into new asphalt, are taken into account.

25. Method according to claim 24, wherein the bitumen content and / or bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen are determined for all fractions and / or sub-fractions of the reclaimed asphalt and are taken into account by the software, preferably by the optimization process, when creating the recipe. 26.Method according to one of claims 19 to 25, wherein the reclaimed asphalt is divided into more than two fractions with different grain sizes, wherein material from two or more of the fractions with different grain sizes is combined into a fraction group according to the recipe, in order to be fed jointly to a paving plant or to be stored jointly.

27. Method according to one of claims 19 to 26, wherein for at least some of the fractions of the reclaimed asphalt, their composition with respect to one or more of the following parameters is determined by the software, preferably by the optimization process, when adhering to the target or when creating the recipe. are taken into account: bitumen content, needle penetration, ring and ball softening point, sieve curve.

28. Method according to one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the reclaimed asphalt is divided into at least three fractions with grain sizes 0 / w, w / x, x / z millimeters, preferably into four fractions with grain sizes 0 / w, w / x, x / y, y / z millimeters, and preferably stored separately from one another, wherein w <x<y<z ist und wobei die Korngrössen vorzugsweise 0 / 8, 8 / 11, 11 / 16 und 16 / 22 Millimeter sind.

29. Verfahren nach Anspruch 28 und einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 25, wobei Material aus mindestens einem Teil der Fraktionen nach Massgabe der Rezeptur zu einer ersten Fraktionsgruppe zusammengefasst wird, um einem Belagswerk gemeinsam zugeführt zu werden oder um gemeinsam gelagert zu werden. 30.Method according to one of claims 28 or 29, wherein the fraction 0 / w millimeters is at least partially divided into at least two sub-fractions with grain sizes 0 / u, u / w millimeters, preferably into three sub-fractions with 0 / u, u / vv / w millimeters, wherein u <v<w ist und wobei die Korngrössen vorzugsweise 0 / 2, 2 / 4, 4 / 8 Millimeter sind.

31. Verfahren nach Anspruch 30, wobei die Fraktion 0 / w Millimeter mindestens teilweise in mindestens zwei Unterfraktionen mit Korngrössen 0 / t, t / w Millimeter, vorzugsweise in drei Unterfraktionen mit Korngrössen 0 / t, t / u, u / w Millimeter oder in vier Unterfraktionen mit Korngrössen oder 0 / t, t / u, u / v, v / w Millimeter aufgeteilt wird, wobei t<u<v<w ist und wobei 0 / t vorzugsweise 0 / 0.5 Millimeter ist. 32.A method according to one of claims 30 or 31 and one of claims 19 to 25, wherein material from at least some of the sub-fractions is combined into a second fraction group according to the processing recipe in order to be fed jointly to a paving plant or to be stored jointly.

33. A method according to one of claims 1 to 32, wherein the defined period of time is at least several days, preferably several weeks or months, preferably a maximum of one or two years, and / or it ends, particularly in regions with distinct seasons, before a temporary shutdown or reduction of a processing plant involved in the process or a process. involved paving plant or the completion of a large construction site.

34. Method according to one of claims 1 to 33, a) wherein the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within the defined time period is fractionated reclaimed asphalt currently present in a processing plant, or b) wherein the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within the defined time period is the fractionated reclaimed asphalt currently present in a processing plant and a still unfractionated reclaimed asphalt present in the processing plant, or c) wherein the fractionated reclaimed asphalt present within the defined time period is the fractionated and unfractionated reclaimed asphalt currently present in a processing plant and a reclaimed asphalt expected to be delivered to the processing plant within the defined time period.Method according to one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the optimization method takes into account at least the following boundary conditions - amount of material per existing fraction of the reclaimed asphalt, - amount of material of a fraction or sub-fraction of the reclaimed asphalt with the smallest grain size, the grain size of which enables processing into new asphalt, - amount of reclaimed asphalt that is expected in addition to the existing reclaimed asphalt in the defined period of time, 36.Method according to claim 35, wherein the optimization method further takes into account at least one of the following boundary conditions - need for further new asphalt until the end of daily production or need for further new asphalt within a predefined period of production, - quantity of further new asphalt still to be produced according to existing orders, - type of further new asphalt still to be produced according to existing orders, - empirical values ​​of past periods, - properties of at least some of the fractions and / or the sub-fractions, wherein these properties include at least a sieve curve and / or a bitumen content. and / or bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen, - properties of the virgin material, wherein these properties are at least one sieve curve and / or a bitumen type and / or bitumen hardness and / or rheological properties of the bitumen.

37. Method according to one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the optimization method preferentially or exclusively considers one type or a predefined number of types of virgin asphalt.

38. Method according to one of claims 1 to 37, wherein the optimization method preferentially or exclusively considers one fraction or subfraction or a predefined number of fractions or subfractions. 39.A method for producing new asphalt using reclaimed asphalt, in particular according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 38, wherein reclaimed asphalt is used which is divided into fractions of different grain sizes in order to be processed together with new material to form new asphalt, characterized in that a recipe for producing the new asphalt is created by means of a software-based optimization method, wherein the optimization method maximizes a recycled content in the new asphalt as best as possible, wherein the recycled content is formed by material from the fractionated reclaimed asphalt, and wherein the optimization method takes into account a declared target of the new asphalt in the best possible maximization. 40.Method according to claim 39, wherein reclaimed asphalt is used which has been divided into fractions exclusively mechanically, and wherein material from the reclaimed asphalt is mixed together without thermal or chemical influences in order to subsequently be processed with new material to form new asphalt.

41. Method according to one of claims 39 or 40, wherein the method according to one of claims 1 to 38 and / or the computer program product according to claim 39 is used for processing the reclaimed asphalt.

42. Computer program product, wherein it comprises the software according to one of the claims. Claims 1 to 41.

43. A processing plant for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the processing plant has storage facilities for storing the at least two fractions and wherein the processing plant has mixers for mixing material from at least two of the at least two fractions and / or at least one conveyor line for the joint and simultaneous conveyance of material from at least two of the at least two fractions.

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