Method for constructing a formwork unit

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for constructing a formwork unit (3), in particular a wall formwork unit, comprising the following steps: a. prefabricating the formwork unit (3) in a prefabrication area (1) by - providing a first formwork element (4), - providing a second formwork element (15), - attaching a reinforcement (23) between the first (4) and the second formwork elements (15), - connecting the first (4) and the second formwork elements (15) in order to obtain the formwork unit (3); and b. transporting, in particular transferring by lifting, the formwork unit (3) together with the reinforcement (23) from the prefabrication area (1) to an installation site (2).

Description

[0001] Method for constructing a formwork unit

[0002] The invention relates to a method for constructing a formwork unit and a method for producing a concrete element. Finally, the invention relates to a prefabricated formwork device.

[0003] Wall formwork is used in the construction of concrete walls. The wall formwork is made up of two formwork halves, the initial formwork and the closing formwork, which are erected and connected to one another at the site where the concrete wall is being constructed. When formed, the concrete is poured into the space between the initial formwork and the closing formwork to create the concrete wall. A certain degree of prefabrication can be achieved by forming the initial formwork and the closing formwork from frame formwork, which is transported to the site as prefabricated formwork units. An example of the construction of such a wall formwork is shown in AT10946U1. However, many work steps have to be carried out on site under changing working and environmental conditions. This slows down construction progress.Furthermore, on-site assembly of the wall formwork entails safety risks that must be minimized through appropriate additional measures. This requires a high level of trained personnel. Another disadvantage is the construction noise generated by the formwork assembly.

[0004] In addition, the prior art has proposed manipulating in-situ concrete formwork with lifting crossbeams. An example of this is shown in FR 3 104 148 A1. With such a lifting crossbeam, opposing formwork halves can be transported and erected together. The formwork halves are then either slipped over the reinforcement on site or the formwork halves are opened and the reinforcement is subsequently inserted. The disadvantage, however, is that a lot of work is still required to prepare for concreting on site. The wall formwork halves are brought to the site together, but the other components have to be brought in specially. A crane is often used for transport, but this is heavily used on site and can prove to be a bottleneck for construction progress.

[0005] Another approach involves precast concrete elements manufactured in a precast concrete plant. WO0238878, for example, describes concrete walls connected by reinforcing bars that can be folded together using joints. This minimizes transport volume.

[0006] Precast concrete elements are typically transported by truck. Due to the heavy weight and dimensions of the precast concrete elements, this transport is very complex. Furthermore, there is a risk of damage during transport. Furthermore, precast concrete elements do not allow for flexible responses to short-term changes in requirements.

[0007] In contrast, the object of the present invention is to alleviate or eliminate at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art. The invention aims, in particular, to simplify and standardize the construction of in-situ concrete formwork at the site of use.

[0008] This object is achieved by a method for constructing a formwork unit according to claim 1, a method for producing a concrete element according to claim 14, and a prefabricated formwork device according to claim 15. Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0009] In the method according to the invention, at least the following steps are carried out: a. Prefabrication of the formwork unit in a prefabrication area by

[0010] - Providing a first formwork element,

[0011] - Provision of a second formwork element,

[0012] - Attaching reinforcement between the first and second formwork elements, - Connecting the first and second formwork elements to obtain the formwork unit, b . Transporting, in particular lifting, the formwork unit together with the reinforcement from the prefabrication area to a place of use, i.e. to the place where the concrete element is manufactured.

[0013] In the method according to the invention for producing a concrete element, in particular a wall element, at least the following steps are carried out: i. Erecting a formwork unit as described above, ii. Arranging the formwork unit in a formwork position at the site of use, and iii. Concreting the concrete element with the formwork unit in the formwork position.

[0014] According to the invention, the prefabricated formwork device comprises at least: a formwork unit with a first and a second formwork element, a formwork connecting element which connects the first to the second formwork element so that an intermediate space for filling with concrete is formed between the first and the second formwork element, a reinforcement, and a suspension with which the reinforcement is suspended in the intermediate space between the first and the second formwork element so that the prefabricated formwork device, including the reinforcement, can be transported from a prefabrication area to a place of use, in particular can be lifted with a lifting device.

[0015] The formwork unit is therefore assembled in the prefabrication area. The prefabrication area is spatially separated from the place of use, i.e. from the location where the concrete element is manufactured using the formwork unit. The prefabrication area is preferably located adjacent to the place of use on the construction site. In the prefabrication area, the working and environmental conditions can be better controlled than at the place of use. For example, a precise floor surface can be provided in the prefabrication area on which the formwork unit is prefabricated. On the other hand, the floor surface at the place of use, for example the top side of a previously concreted ceiling element, may have unevenness or dirt that make setting up the formwork more difficult. Furthermore, particularly high safety standards can be set in the prefabrication area.It is also possible to provide protection from environmental conditions which cannot be achieved on site when the concrete body is being manufactured. In the prefabrication area, the formwork unit can therefore be assembled precisely, safely and quickly. Any number of formwork units can also be prefabricated in order to avoid delays on site as far as possible. Finally, the prefabrication area can also be equipped with sound insulation which significantly reduces sound emissions from the construction site. According to the invention, during prefabrication in the prefabrication area, not only are the first and second formwork elements, i.e. the opening and closing formwork, connected to formwork unit, but the reinforcement is also already mounted in the space between the first and second formwork elements. For this purpose, the reinforcement can be installed on one formwork element, i.e.on the first or second formwork element, before the other formwork element, i.e. the second or first formwork element, is provided, in order to arrange the reinforcement in the space between the formwork unit. When the reinforcement is arranged, the first or second formwork element is preferably in an upright, in particular vertical, state. Individual reinforcing bars, individual reinforcing stirrups or reinforcing mats or reinforcing cages made of reinforcing elements that are preferably connected to one another by means of wires or welded connections are preferably used as reinforcement, also referred to as armouring. The reinforcement is made in particular from steel. The concrete element to be manufactured is strengthened with the reinforcement. The second or first formwork element is preferably also connected to the first or second formwork element in an upright, in particular vertical, state.After prefabrication, the formwork unit, together with the reinforcement, is transported to the site and installed in the space between the first and second formwork elements. The concrete element, particularly a wall element, can then be constructed by pouring concrete into the space. Advantageously, the prefabricated formwork unit significantly simplifies the preparation of the concreting process at the site.

[0016] To connect the first to the second formwork element, a formwork connecting element, in particular a support element, for example a connecting bar, is preferably connected to the first and the second formwork element, in particular to an upper end of the first or second formwork element. In the connected state, the formwork connecting element effects such a rigid connection between the first and the second formwork element that the formwork unit can be transported together with the reinforcement in a predetermined position of the first to the second formwork element, in particular can be lifted to the place of use using a lifting device. For this purpose, the support element, in particular made of metal, is preferably provided as the formwork connecting element, which preferably connects the upper ends of the first and second formwork elements to one another. The support element can have at least one profile part.The support element preferably has two profile parts, for example two C-profiles, which are connected to one another. In the connected state, the support element can extend essentially perpendicular to the main planes of the first and second formwork elements. Depending on the design, a plurality of formwork connecting elements can be provided for connecting the first to the second formwork element. The formwork connecting elements are preferably connected to the upper ends of the first and second formwork elements at a distance from one another in the horizontal direction. Two formwork connecting elements can be connected to one another via a railing element, for example a round element, in particular a round tube, thereby realizing an additional function.For the purposes of this disclosure, the location and direction specifications, such as "top", "bottom", "horizontal", and "vertical", refer to a vertical use state of the formwork unit for concreting a vertical wall element. The formwork unit may also be used in a different position, in which case the location and direction specifications must be transferred accordingly.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the formwork connecting element is mounted on the first formwork element, moved, in particular pivoted, from a rest position into a connecting position, and connected to the second formwork element. In the rest position, the formwork connecting element is detached from the second formwork element, i.e. the formwork connecting element is connected to the first but not to the second formwork element. In the rest position, the formwork connecting element is mounted on the first formwork element, in particular via a bolt connection, while the first formwork element is preferably arranged in the lying state, in particular in the horizontal state, in the prefabrication area.During prefabrication of the formwork unit, the first formwork element is connected to the second formwork element via the formwork connecting element, preferably while the first and second formwork elements are in the upright, particularly vertical, state. The formwork connecting element is moved from the rest position to the connected position and is reversibly and detachably connected to the second formwork element, preferably via at least one further bolt connection.

[0018] In order to connect the formwork connecting element to the first or second formwork element, it is advantageous if the formwork connecting element is connected to the first formwork element in the rest position and in the connected position via a first holder, in particular via a first holding tab, and to the second formwork element in the connected position via a second holder, in particular via a second holding tab. The first holder is preferably attached, in particular to the upper end of a first holding beam, in particular a first vertical beam, which is preferably mounted on at least one frame part of the first formwork element. Accordingly, the second holder can be attached, in particular to the upper end of a second holding beam, in particular a second vertical beam, which is preferably mounted on at least one frame part of the second formwork element.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the first holder has a guide, in particular an arcuate guide, with which the formwork connecting element is guided during transfer from the rest position to the connecting position. The guide is preferably designed as an arcuate elongated hole in the first holder, in which a guide element, in particular a guide pin, is guided on the formwork connecting element.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, a fixing device, in particular with at least one bolt connection, is provided for fixing the formwork connecting element in the rest position, preferably also for fixing the formwork connecting element in the connecting position.

[0021] For stable handling, it is advantageous if the first holder and / or the formwork connecting element has a first attachment point for a lifting device for lifting the first formwork element and / or the second holder has a second attachment point for a lifting device for lifting the second formwork element. The first or second attachment point can each have an eyelet, a hook element, or a bracket to enable the attachment of a hook of the lifting device.

[0022] In addition, a third access point, for example with a transfer eyelet, can be provided on the formwork connecting element for transferring the formwork unit together with the reinforcement from the prefabrication area to the installation site, in particular mounted in a reversibly detachable manner. Alternatively, the formwork unit can also be gripped with a lifting device independently of the formwork connecting element. A transfer bracket, for example, can be used for this purpose.

[0023] To increase the degree of prefabrication, it is advantageous if at least one formwork anchor is connected to the first and second formwork elements during prefabrication. The formwork anchor can, as is known in the art, be pushed through a hole in the first or second formwork element and secured. The formwork anchor preferably extends essentially perpendicular to the main planes of the formwork panels of the first or second formwork element. The formwork anchor can be designed as a formwork connecting element which connects the first and second formwork elements to one another in such a way that the relative position of the first and second formwork elements to one another is fixed in the prefabrication area. Furthermore, the wall thickness of the concrete element to be manufactured on site can be adjusted using the formwork anchor in the prefabrication area.These advantages can also be utilized independently of the arrangement of the reinforcement in the prefabrication area. For example, a concrete element made of fiber concrete can be manufactured on site, so that no reinforcement is provided in the prefabrication area in this application. Thus, the present disclosure also relates to a method for constructing a formwork unit, in particular a wall formwork unit, comprising the steps:

[0024] Prefabrication of the formwork unit in a prefabrication area by

[0025] - Providing a first formwork element,

[0026] - Provision of a second formwork element,

[0027] - Providing at least one formwork anchor between the first and the second formwork element,

[0028] - connecting the first and second formwork elements, preferably via the at least one formwork anchor, to obtain the formwork unit,

[0029] Transporting, in particular lifting, the formwork unit including the at least one formwork anchor from the prefabrication area to a place of use. In order to secure the reinforcement in its position in the intermediate space during transport from the prefabrication area to the place of use, in a preferred embodiment a suspension, in particular with a suspension bracket, is provided during prefabrication, on which the reinforcement is suspended between the first and the second formwork element. The suspension is preferably mounted on the formwork connecting element, from which the suspension preferably extends downwards into the intermediate space. In a preferred embodiment the suspension has a suspension bracket which has at least one receptacle for receiving a section of the reinforcement.The suspension bracket can thus engage underneath the section of reinforcement so that the reinforcement cannot slip down into the gap during transport, particularly during crane transport. The suspension bracket preferably has two suspension parts that protrude laterally from a central part mounted on the formwork connecting element. In a preferred embodiment, a height adjustment mechanism is also provided, with which the height position of the suspension bracket in the gap between the first and second formwork elements can be adjusted. This allows the suspension bracket to be precisely aligned with the reinforcement.

[0030] In order to further increase the degree of prefabrication in the prefabrication area away from the site of use, in a preferred embodiment a recess formwork, in particular for a door or window cutout, is arranged between the first and the second formwork element during prefabrication. The recess formwork delimits a cutout within the space between the first and the second formwork element, which cutout is not filled with concrete. This cutout serves in particular as a door or window cutout. In this embodiment, the formwork unit can be constructed together with the recess formwork in the prefabrication area and transported to the site of use.

[0031] Depending on the design, the prefabrication of the formwork unit in the prefabrication area can also include the installation of at least one electrical and / or plumbing component on the first and / or second wall formwork element. Electrical components can include, for example, an empty conduit or a switch box to create a cavity for a light switch. A water pipe or sewage pipe can be provided as a plumbing component, for example. In this design, the formwork unit can be transported from the prefabrication area to the installation site together with the electrical and / or plumbing component.

[0032] Furthermore, the prefabricated formwork unit can have at least one end stop, which laterally defines the space between the first and second formwork elements. The end stop is mounted on the first and / or second formwork element during prefabrication. In this embodiment, the formwork unit can be transported together with the end stop from the prefabrication area to the installation site.

[0033] To lift the formwork unit together with the reinforcement, preferably also together with the recess formwork, a lifting device, in particular a crane, is preferably used. This allows the formwork unit, including built-in components such as the recess formwork, to be lifted from the floor of the prefabrication area by the crane, transported to the installation site suspended freely above the ground, and lowered onto the floor of the installation site.

[0034] At the site, the prefabricated formwork unit is preferably set up on a floor surface, in particular on an already concreted ceiling element.

[0035] The formwork unit can be set up on the ground at the installation site in such a way that a ground connection reinforcement projecting from the ground is arranged between the lower regions of the first and second formwork elements. In this embodiment, the prefabricated formwork unit is thus threaded onto the ground connection reinforcement. In order to be able to arrange the formwork unit at the installation site in the desired formwork position for the production of a concrete element, in a preferred embodiment the formwork unit is connected to a lifting device, preferably to at least one spindle lifting element, for adjusting the height of the formwork unit together with the reinforcement. The lifting device is designed to adjust the height (i.e. in the vertical direction) of the formwork unit together with the reinforcement, if necessary also together with built-in components such as the recess formwork.The first and second formwork elements as well as the reinforcement and, if applicable, the built-in part, remain in the specified position relative to one another, which was already determined during prefabrication in the prefabrication area.

[0036] In a first embodiment, the first and / or the second formwork element of the formwork unit can be connected to at least one lifting element, in particular to at least one spindle lifting element, of the lifting device during prefabrication. In this embodiment, at least one of the first and second formwork elements is therefore connected to a lifting element in the prefabrication area. In this embodiment, the formwork unit is transported from the prefabrication area to the place of use together with at least one lifting element of the lifting device. The lifting element is preferably mounted at the lower end of the first or second formwork element.

[0037] In a second embodiment, the first and / or second formwork element of the formwork unit is placed on site on at least one additional lifting element, in particular at least one additional spindle lifting element, of the lifting device. In this embodiment, the additional lifting element is mounted on site, for example on an end face of an already concreted ceiling element, and the first or second formwork element is placed on the additional lifting element at the site.

[0038] These two versions can be used alternatively or in combination with each other.

[0039] For the production of an external wall, it is preferably provided that one of the first and second formwork elements is provided with the lifting element during the prefabrication of the formwork unit and the other of the first and second formwork elements is placed on the further lifting element at the place of use, which is preferably mounted on the front side of the underlying ceiling element.

[0040] For the production of an interior wall, it is preferably provided that during prefabrication in the prefabrication area, the lifting element is mounted on the first formwork element and the further lifting element is mounted on the second formwork element.

[0041] Since the interior of the prefabricated formwork unit is not readily visible at the installation site, the problem can arise that a built-in component hidden in the space between the formwork unit, in particular the recess formwork described above, is not arranged at the desired height relative to the floor surface of the installation site, for example due to unevenness of the floor, dirt or other unavoidable tolerances.

[0042] In order to solve this problem, during prefabrication of the formwork unit in the prefabrication area, a marking can be provided on the first and / or second formwork element, with which marking a reference height for at least one built-in component, in particular for the recess formwork, is marked in the space between the first formwork element and the second formwork element relative to the floor area of ​​the prefabrication area. In the prefabrication area, a reference height, for example 1 meter, above the floor area of ​​the prefabrication area is therefore first determined and projected onto the formwork unit, for example by means of laser projection. The marking is applied to the first or second formwork element at this reference height and can be, for example, a sticker, a line marking, a meter mark sticker, a QR code, a magnetic strip or an electronic component.The insert is then positioned at a specified height offset from the reference height on the first and / or second formwork element before the formwork unit is assembled by connecting the first and second formwork elements. A virtually perfect floor surface can be provided in the prefabrication area so that the installation height of the insert in the space between the formwork units can be determined with high accuracy before the prefabricated formwork unit is closed by connecting the first and second formwork elements.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the marking is provided on the rear side of the first formwork element or the second formwork element, facing away from the gap. This ensures that the marking remains visible at the installation site and is accessible for electronic reading.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, a height of the marking relative to the floor surface of the installation site is measured at the installation site, for example using a laser measuring device, and any deviation of the height from the reference height is compensated for using the lifting device. If the floor surface at the installation site is not perfect, as is often the case, the insert part may not be arranged at the correct height when the prefabricated formwork unit is erected at the installation site, even if the built-in part has been precisely positioned relative to the formwork unit in the prefabrication area. By comparing the measured height of the marking above the floor surface of the installation site with the reference height, a deviation is determined which can be compensated for using the lifting device so that the height distance of the marking to the floor surface of the installation site is identical to the reference height, i.e.to the height distance of the marking to the floor surface of the prefabrication area , is .

[0045] The method described above can be carried out analogously to compensate for a deviation of the horizontal position of the built-in part at the installation site from a horizontal reference distance of the built-in part in the prefabrication area from a side edge of the first and / or second formwork element.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, a frame formwork element is provided as the first and second formwork elements, each of which has a formwork panel with a front side facing the concrete and a rear side facing away from the concrete, and a frame on the rear side facing away from the concrete. The frame can have longitudinal frame parts and transverse frame parts supporting the formwork panel.

[0047] The first and the second formwork element can each have a plurality of first and second formwork parts, respectively, which are connected to one another, in particular via formwork clamps, in such a way that the front sides of the formwork panels are arranged substantially in one plane.

[0048] As the first and second formwork elements, a first and a second wall formwork element are preferably provided, which are arranged at a distance from one another, so that a wall element can be cast in the space between the first and the second formwork element.

[0049] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.

[0050] Fig. 1 shows an overview of a construction site which is divided into a prefabrication area and an operation site.

[0051] Fig. 2 to Fig. 12 show various steps in the prefabrication of a formwork unit.

[0052] Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 show the transport of the prefabricated formwork unit from the prefabrication area to the installation site.

[0053] Fig. 15 to Fig. 19 show various steps in setting up the formwork unit at the site. Fig. 20 shows the production of a wall element with the formwork unit set up at the site.

[0054] Fig. 21 and Fig. 22 show the dismantling of the formwork unit after the manufacture of the wall element.

[0055] Fig. 23 shows the cleaning of the disassembled formwork unit in the prefabrication area.

[0056] Fig. 24 to Fig. 27 show the installation of an alternative embodiment of the formwork unit at the site.

[0057] Fig. 1 shows an overview of a construction site which is divided into a prefabrication area 1 and a site 2. The prefabrication area 1 is preferably located adjacent to the site 2 at which a concrete structure, for example a building with several floors, is to be erected. In the prefabrication area 1, a (cast-in-place concrete) formwork unit 3 can be prefabricated, which is then transported to the site 2 in order to produce a concrete element, in particular a wall element, as part of the concrete structure.

[0058] According to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a first formwork element 4 is pre-assembled in a lying, here horizontal, state on a base of the prefabrication area 1. The first formwork element 4 is a frame formwork element with a frame 5, which preferably has longitudinal frame parts 6 and transverse frame parts 7 on the rear side of a formwork panel 8 facing away from the concrete (cf. Fig. 18). The first formwork element 4 is connected, preferably in a reversibly detachable manner, to a formwork connecting element 9. For this purpose, a first holding beam 10 is attached to the rear of the frame 5, which first holding beam has a first holder 11, here a first holding tab, at its upper end. The first holder 11 is preferably connected to the first holding beam 10 via a reversibly detachable connection, in particular a bolt connection.The formwork connecting element 9 is mounted on the first bracket 11 and, in the embodiment shown, is a support element in the form of a connecting bar, here with two bar profiles, for example C-profiles (cf. Fig. 11A). The formwork connecting element 9 is pivotably attached to the first bracket 11, in particular via a further bolt connection 9A. The first bracket 11 has an arc-shaped, here circular-arc-shaped, guide 12 for guiding a bolt 12A on the formwork connecting element 9. In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the formwork connecting element 9 is shown in a rest position.The formwork connecting element 9 has, preferably at the longitudinal end facing away from the first holder 11, a first engagement point 13, for example with a support bolt 13A, to which a lifting device 14, in particular a crane, can be attached in order to bring the first formwork element 4, as will be described in more detail below, from the lying state of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 into the standing state of Fig. 7.

[0059] According to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, a second formwork element 15 is pre-assembled in a lying state on the substructure of the prefabrication area 1. The second formwork element 15 is designed as a frame formwork element, corresponding to the first formwork element 4. A second holding beam 16 is attached to the rear of the frame 5 of the second formwork element 15, which supports a second holder 17, here a second holding lug, at the upper end. The second holder 17 has a second attachment point 18, here with a transfer bracket 19, to which the lifting gear 14 can be attached in order to move the second formwork element 15, as described in more detail below, from the lying state of Figs. 4 and 5 to the standing state of Fig. 9. Furthermore, a working platform 20 can be mounted on the second holding beam 16.Finally, a support device 21 is mounted on the second formwork element 15, with which, as will also be described in more detail below, support and inclination adjustment can be carried out at the installation site 2.

[0060] According to Fig. 6, a temporary support 22 is provided on a floor area 1A of the prefabrication area 1, which is only required during the prefabrication of the formwork unit 3, but not during concreting at the site 2. According to Fig. 7, the first formwork element 4 is lifted with the lifting gear

[0061] 14 is brought into the upright, here vertical, state and mounted on the temporary support 22, which in the embodiment shown has a diagonal support 22A. By means of the temporary support 22, the first formwork element 4 can be held in the upright state independently, even without the lifting gear 14.

[0062] According to Fig. 8, a reinforcement 23, here a reinforcement cage with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement elements, is arranged on the front side of the first formwork element 4. The reinforcement 23 is designed as a reinforcement cage, which extends essentially over the entire width, length and height of the space between the first formwork element 4 and the second formwork element

[0063] 15 extends. In the embodiment shown, a reference height, here for example 1 meter, is measured above the floor area 1A of the prefabrication area 1, see line 25 in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. In addition, a recess formwork 24 is installed at a defined height interval from the reference height. Additional built-in components can also be mounted at defined height intervals from the reference height.

[0064] According to Fig. 9, the second formwork element 15 is brought into the upright position by the lifting device 14, positioned at a horizontal distance from the first formwork element 4, and supported by the support device 21. Between the first formwork element 4 and the second formwork element 15, the intermediate space 26 is formed, in which the reinforcement 23 and the recess formwork 24 are arranged.

[0065] According to Fig. 10, the connection of the first formwork element 4 with the second formwork element 15 is prepared. Furthermore, a worker 27 makes a mark on the back of the second formwork element 15 at the reference height, here 1 meter. This reference height defines a reference plane. In addition, a further mark for the reference plane can be made on the back of the first formwork element 4 and / or on the temporary support 22. Fig. 11A shows in detail the upper end region of the formwork unit 3, with the formwork connecting element 9 in the folded-out rest position. It can be seen from this illustration that, in the embodiment shown, a plurality of formwork connecting elements 9 are provided, wherein two adjacent formwork connecting elements 9 can be connected to one another via at least one railing element 9B, here two railing elements 9B.

[0066] According to Fig. 11B and Fig. 12, the formwork connecting element 9 is folded from the rest position shown in Fig. 11A into the connecting position and connected, for example via an additional bolt connection 9A, to the second holder 17 on the second formwork element 15. A suspension 28 is also mounted on the formwork connecting element 9, on which suspension the reinforcement 23 is suspended in the space 26 between the first formwork element 4 and the second formwork element 15. The suspension 28 has a suspension bracket 29 which is reversibly detachably connected to the formwork connecting element 9 via a connecting element 30, here a threaded rod. In the embodiment shown, the suspension 28 has a height adjustment 31, with which the height position of the suspension bracket 29 in the space 26 can be adjusted.The height adjustment 31 here has a nut 32 which can be screwed onto the threaded rod to different distances in order to adjust the height of the suspension bracket 29 in the space 26 accordingly.

[0067] According to Fig. 13, the lifting gear 14 is connected to the formwork unit 3, in particular via a displacement eye 33 attached to the formwork connecting element 9. After the formwork unit 3 has been released from the temporary support 22, the formwork unit 3, together with the reinforcement 23 and the recess formwork 24, is lifted from the subsurface of the prefabrication area 1 and, as symbolically shown in Fig. 14, lifted to the installation site 2, i.e., transported freely suspended above the subsurface.

[0068] According to Fig. 15, the formwork unit 3 is brought above the ground surface 2A of the installation site 2 with the lifting gear 14.

[0069] According to Fig. 16, the formwork unit 3 is lowered onto a ground connection reinforcement 34 projecting from the ground in such a way that the ground connection reinforcement 34 is arranged in the intermediate space 26 between the lower regions of the first formwork element 4 and the second formwork element 15.

[0070] As can be seen from Fig. 16 and Fig. 17, the formwork unit 3 is connected at the installation site 2 to a lifting device 35 for adjusting the height of the formwork unit 3 together with the reinforcement 23 and the recess formwork 24. In the embodiment shown, a lifting element 36 of the lifting device 35 is mounted at the lower end of the second formwork element 15. The lower end of the first formwork element 4 is lowered onto a further lifting element 37 of the lifting device, which is mounted at the installation site 2, here on the front side of the floor.

[0071] From Fig. 17 it can be seen that the lower edge of the second formwork element 15 is sealed off from the ground surface 2A by a seal 38, for example a sealing sheet. By actuating the lifting device 35, the formwork unit 3 can be adjusted in height, i.e. in the vertical direction, together with the reinforcement 23 and the recess formwork 24, in order to set a desired height of the built-in part, in particular the recess formwork 24, relative to the ground surface 2A of the installation site 2. For this purpose, the height of the marking above the ground surface 2A of the installation site 2 can be measured. If this height deviates from the reference height, here 1 meter, the lifting device 35 is actuated to compensate for the deviation.

[0072] Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 show diagrammatically the formwork unit 3 in the erected state on the floor surface 2A of the installation site 2. The floor surface 2A is designed here as the upper side of a ceiling element of the underlying floor.

[0073] According to Fig. 20, concrete 39 is poured from above into the space 26 of the formwork unit 3 in order to produce the concrete element, here a vertical wall element. As indicated in Fig. 20, the inclination of the formwork unit 3 can be set by adjusting the support device 21. Before concreting, the suspension 28 of the reinforcement 23 can be removed and the formwork connecting element 9 opened. In the open position (rest position) of the formwork connecting element 9, the formwork connecting element 9 and the railing element 9B form a counter railing which protects the worker from falling. To prevent the counter railing from tipping back, the formwork connecting element 9 can be blocked against pivoting with a bolt in the open position.

[0074] According to Fig. 21, the first formwork element 4 is lifted away from the installation site 2 with the aid of the lifting gear 14 after the concrete 39 has hardened or after the anchor rods have been removed.

[0075] According to Fig. 22, after the concrete 39 has hardened, the second formwork element 15 is lifted away from the installation site 2 with the aid of the lifting gear 14. At the position of the recess formwork 24, the concrete element has a cutout 40, here a window cutout.

[0076] According to Fig . 23 , the first formwork element 4 and the second formwork element 15 are cleaned in the prefabrication area 1 before another formwork unit 3 is reassembled for the production of the next concrete element .

[0077] Figs. 24 to 27 illustrate an alternative method in which both the lifting element 36 for the second wall formwork element 15 and the further lifting element 37 for the first wall formwork element 4 are mounted on the formwork unit 3 during prefabrication. Thus, the lifting element 36 and the further lifting element 37 are lowered together with the first 4 and the second wall formwork element 15 onto the floor surface 2A of the installation site 2.

[0078] According to Fig. 24 and Fig. 25, the further lifting element 37 can be arranged at the lower end of the first formwork element 4 and the lifting element 36 at the lower end of the second formwork element 15 during transport from the prefabrication area 1 to the installation site 2. This embodiment can be used in the construction of interior walls because here both lifting elements 36 and 37 can be supported on the floor surface 2A. In Fig. 25, the lifting elements 36, 37 are shown in different positions to illustrate the adjustability.

[0079] According to Fig. 26 and Fig. 27, the lifting element 37 on the first formwork element 4 and the lifting element 36 on the second formwork element 15 can be actuated in order to adjust the height of the prefabricated formwork unit 3.

[0080] Reference number for the long-distance list:

[0081] 1 prefabrication area

[0082] 1A Floor area of ​​the prefabrication area

[0083] 2 Location

[0084] 2A Floor area of ​​the site

[0085] 3 formwork units

[0086] 4 first formwork element

[0087] 5 frames

[0088] 6 longitudinal frame parts

[0089] 7 cross frame parts

[0090] 8 formwork panel

[0091] 9 Formwork connecting element

[0092] 9A further bolt connection

[0093] 9B Railing element

[0094] 10 first support beam

[0095] 11 first bracket

[0096] 12 Guide

[0097] 12A bolts

[0098] 13 first attack point

[0099] 13A support bolt

[0100] 14 Hoist

[0101] 15 second formwork element

[0102] 16 second support bracket

[0103] 17 second bracket

[0104] 18 second attack site

[0105] 19 offset brackets

[0106] 20 work platforms

[0107] 21 Support device

[0108] 22 temporary support

[0109] 22A diagonal support

[0110] 23 Reinforcement

[0111] 24 Recess formwork

[0112] 25 Line

[0113] 26 space

[0114] 27 workers

[0115] 28 Suspension bracket

[0116] connecting element

[0117] Height adjustment

[0118] Mother

[0119] Verset zöse

[0120] Soil connection reinforcement

[0121] Lifting device

[0122] Lifting element additional lifting element

[0123] Sealing

[0124] concrete

[0125] Excerpt

Claims

Claims:

1. A method for constructing a formwork unit (3), in particular a wall formwork unit, comprising the steps of: a. Prefabrication of the formwork unit (3) in a prefabrication area (1) by - providing a first formwork element (4), - providing a second formwork element (15), - Attaching a reinforcement (23) between the first (4) and the second formwork element (15), - Connecting the first (4) to the second formwork element (15) to obtain the formwork unit (3), b. Transporting, in particular lifting, the formwork unit (3) together with the reinforcement (23) from the prefabrication area (1) to a place of use (3).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for connecting the first (4) to the second formwork element (15) a formwork connecting element (9), in particular a support element, for example a connecting bar, is connected to the first (4) and the second formwork element (15), in particular to an upper end of the first (4) or second formwork element (15).

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the formwork connecting element (9) is mounted on the first formwork element (4), moved, in particular pivoted, from a rest position into a connecting position and connected to the second formwork element (15).

4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that a fixing device, in particular with at least one bolt connection, is provided for fixing the formwork connecting element (9) in the rest position, preferably also for fixing the formwork connecting element (9) in the connecting position.

5. Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the first holder (11) and / or the formwork connecting element (9) has a first point of engagement for a lifting device (14) for lifting the first formwork element (4) and / or the second holder (17) has a second point of engagement for a lifting device (14) for lifting the second formwork element (15).

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that during prefabrication at least one formwork anchor is connected to each of the first (4) and the second formwork element (15).

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that during prefabrication a suspension (28), in particular with a suspension bracket (29), is provided, on which the reinforcement (23) is suspended between the first (4) and the second formwork element (15).

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that during prefabrication a recess formwork (24), in particular for a door or window cutout, is arranged between the first (4) and the second formwork element (15).

9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first formwork element (4) is connected to a lifting device (35), preferably to at least one spindle lifting element, for adjusting the height of the formwork unit (3) together with the reinforcement (23) at the place of use (2).

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the first (4) and / or the second formwork element (15) is connected to at least one lifting element (36), in particular to at least one spindle lifting element, of the lifting device (35) during the prefabrication of the formwork unit (3).

11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized characterized in that during the prefabrication of the formwork unit (3) a marking is provided on the first (4) or second formwork element (15), with which a reference height for at least one built-in part, in particular for the recess formwork (25), is marked in the intermediate space (26) between the first (4) and the second formwork element (15) relative to the floor surface (1A) of the prefabrication area (1).

12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the marking is provided on the back of the first (4) or the second formwork element (15).

13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that at the site of use (2) a height of the marking relative to the floor surface of the site of use (3) is measured and a deviation of the height from the reference height is compensated with the aid of the lifting device (35).

14. A method for producing a concrete element, in particular a wall element, by: i. constructing a formwork unit (3) using the method according to one of claims 1 to 13, ii. arranging the formwork unit (3) in a formwork position at the installation site (2), and iii. concreting the concrete element with the formwork unit (3) in the formwork position.

15. Prefabricated formwork equipment, comprising: - a formwork unit (3) with a first and a second formwork element, - a formwork connecting element (9) which connects the first formwork element (4) to the second formwork element (15), so that an intermediate space (26) for filling with concrete (39) is formed between the first formwork element (4) and the second formwork element (15), - a reinforcement (23) , and - a suspension (28) for the reinforcement (23) in the space (26) between the first (4) and the second Formwork element (15) such that the prefabricated formwork device, including the reinforcement (23), can be transported from a prefabrication area (1) to a place of use (2), in particular lifted with a lifting device (14).

Images