Stator for an electric machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator (1) for an electric machine (101), having a stator core (20) and a stator winding (7) which has N strands (U, V, W), wherein: – each strand (U, V, W) is formed by shaped conductors (8, 8a-c) which have leg portions (9, 9a-f) and each form connecting portions (10, 11), on the end faces (4, 5), that connect two of the leg portions (9, 9a-f); – the stator winding (7) forms, for each strand (U, V, W), at least one current path which is formed from a series circuit of a plurality of leg portions (9, 9a-f) and in which a last leg portion (9c) of a first current path portion (15a) and a first leg portion (9d) of a second current path portion (15b) are arranged in a reference position (RL1, RL2, RL3), which is a first position (20a) or an L-th position (20f, 20h) of a relevant groove (6), a last leg portion (9e) of the second current path portion (15b) and a first leg portion (9f) of a third current path portion (15c) are arranged in the other position (20f, 20h), and outer leg portions (9a, 9b) of the at least one current path are arranged in a double position (20a, 20c, 20d) comprising the reference position; – the leg portions (9, 9d, 9e) of the second current path portion (15b) occupy winding regions (23a-h) in a circumferential direction (19a, 19b) as a reference direction (RR1, RR2, RR3), and the leg portions (9, 9b, 9f) of the third current path portion (15c) occupy the winding regions (23a-h) in a circumferential direction (19a, 19b) counter to the reference direction (RR1, RR2, RR3); and – a current path is designed to be a first type (14a) of current path, in which the reference position (RL1) is the first position (20a) and the reference direction (RR1) is the first circumferential direction (19a).

Description

[0001] Stator for an electrical machine

[0002] The present invention relates to a stator for an electrical machine.

[0003] Stators in which the strands of a stator winding are each formed by shaped conductors have become the focus of industrial development efforts, particularly in the field of automotive engineering. The shaped conductors have leg sections and form connecting sections on the end faces of a stator core, through which two of the leg sections are electrically connected to each other.

[0004] Current paths of a respective phase are often formed according to a winding pattern that features a reversal of the winding direction in the circumferential direction. For example, DE 10 2017 210 132 A1 discloses a stator arrangement for an electrical machine with a cylindrical stator body. The stator body has adjacent plug-in locations, windings, and plug-in elements for current reversal that are inserted into the plug-in locations. The plug-in elements have two sections, a U-shaped further section connecting the two sections, and are connected to the windings.

[0005] The disadvantage is that the connecting sections that reverse the winding direction are located on the end face of the stator core, where the outer leg sections of the current path also protrude from the stator core. This requires both the connections for the phases and the connecting sections intended for reversing the winding direction, which are usually more complex than the other connecting sections, to be located on the same end face.

[0006] One possible design in which the disadvantage of this arrangement is particularly significant concerns the case where the terminals are to be arranged on the end face, where the connecting sections are formed by electrically and mechanically contacting the shaped conductors. This is because the formation of connecting sections suitable for reversing the winding direction by contacting two shaped conductors is very complex in terms of manufacturing technology.

[0007] The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a production-friendly possibility for providing a stator with a stator winding, at least one current path of which has a reversal of the winding direction.

[0008] This object is achieved according to the invention by a stator for an electrical machine, comprising a stator core which has a longitudinal axis, a first end face, a second end face opposite the first end face and a plurality of slots which extend from the first end face to the second end face, and a stator winding which has a number N of strands, where N > 2, where a first circumferential direction and a second circumferential direction opposite the first circumferential direction are defined with respect to the longitudinal axis, where each strand is formed by shaped conductors which have leg sections arranged within the slots and form connecting sections which each electrically conductively connect two of the leg sections at the end faces, where the slots form a plurality of winding zones for each strand and divide each slot radially into first to L-th layers which are named according to their sequence in the radial direction,and is subdivided into L / 2 double layers of radially immediately adjacent layers, where L > 2 and is straight, wherein the stator winding has at least one current path for each phase, which is formed from a plurality of the leg sections and a plurality of connecting sections connecting the leg sections to form a series circuit, wherein the at least one current path has a first outer leg section with respect to the series circuit and a second outer leg section opposite the first outer leg section with respect to the series circuit, wherein the at least one current path has a first current path section comprising the first outer leg section, which comprises one leg section or a plurality of leg sections that are consecutive with respect to the series circuit, as well as a second current path section and a third current path section, each of which comprises a plurality of leg sections that are consecutive with respect to the series circuit,wherein a last of the leg sections of the first current path section is directly connected to a first of the leg sections of the second current path section by means of one of the connecting sections, and a last of the leg sections of the second current path section is directly connected to a first of the leg sections of the third current path section by means of one of the connecting sections, wherein the last leg section of the first current path section and the first current path section of the second current path section of the at least one current path are arranged in a reference position, which is one of the first position and the L-th position, and the last leg section of the second current path section and the first leg section of the third current path section of the at least one current path are arranged in the other of the first position and the L-th position, wherein the outer leg sections of the at least one current path are arranged in the double position,which comprises the reference layer, wherein the leg sections of the second current path section occupy immediately adjacent winding zones of the same strand from the first to the last leg section of the second current path section along one of the circumferential directions as the reference direction, and the leg sections of the third current path section occupy immediately adjacent winding zones of the same strand from the first leg section of the third current path section along the circumferential direction opposite the reference direction, wherein a current path is designed as a current path of the first type, in which the reference layer is the first layer and the reference direction is the first circumferential direction.

[0009] The stator according to the invention for an electrical machine has a stator core. The stator core has a longitudinal axis, a first end face, a second end face, and a plurality of slots. The second end face is opposite the first end face. The slots extend from the first end face to the second end face. The stator further has a stator winding. The stator winding has a number N of strands, where N > 2. A first circumferential direction and a second circumferential direction are defined with respect to the longitudinal axis. The second circumferential direction is opposite to the first circumferential direction. Each strand is formed by shaped conductors. The shaped conductors have leg sections arranged within the slots. The shaped conductors form connecting sections. The connecting sections each electrically connect two of the leg sections to one another at the end faces. The slots form several winding zones for each strand.Each slot is radially subdivided into first to L-th layers. The layers are named according to their order in the radial direction. Each slot is further subdivided into L / 2 double layers of radially immediately adjacent layers, where L > 2 and is straight. The stator winding has at least one current path for each phase. The at least one current path is formed from a plurality of leg sections and a plurality of connecting sections that connect the leg sections to form a series circuit. The at least one current path has a first outer leg section with respect to the series circuit and a second outer leg section. The second outer leg section is opposite the first outer leg section with respect to the series circuit. The at least one current path has a first current path section, a second current path section, and a third current path section. The first current path section comprises the first outer leg section.The first current path section comprises one leg section or a plurality of leg sections that are consecutive with respect to the series connection. The second current path section and the third current path section each comprise a plurality of leg sections that are consecutive with respect to the series connection. A last of the leg sections of the first current path section is directly connected to a first of the leg sections of the second current path section by means of one of the connecting sections. A last of the leg sections of the second current path section is directly connected to a first of the leg sections of the third current path section by means of one of the connecting sections. The last leg section of the first current path section and the first leg section of the second current path section of the at least one current path are arranged in a reference position. The reference position is one of the first position and the Lth position.The outer leg sections of the at least one current path are arranged in the double layer that includes the reference layer. The last leg section of the second current path section and the first leg section of the third current path section of the at least one current path are arranged in the other of the first layer and the Lth layer. The leg sections of the second current path section occupy immediately adjacent winding zones of the same phase from the first to the last leg section of the second current path section along one of the circumferential directions as the reference direction. The leg sections of the third current path section occupy immediately adjacent winding zones of the same phase from the first leg section of the third current path section along the circumferential direction opposite the reference direction. One current path is designed as a current path of the first type. In the case of the current path of the first type, the reference layer is the first layer.For the first type of current path, the reference direction is the first circumferential direction.

[0010] In the stator according to the invention, in addition to the second current path section and the third current path section, which occupy the immediately adjacent winding zones along different circumferential directions and thus reverse the winding direction, the first current path section is provided, the last leg section of which is arranged in the same position as the first leg section of the second current path section. This allows the position of the connecting section connecting the last leg section of the second current path section to the first leg section of the third current path section to be varied along the series circuit, thus predetermining a position of this connecting section that is advantageous for production.

[0011] Furthermore, in the stator according to the invention, the last leg section of the first current path section and the first leg section of the second current path section, on the one hand, and the last leg section of the second current path section and the first leg section of the third current path section, on the other hand, are particularly advantageously arranged radially opposite one another in the first and L-th layers. This facilitates the design of the shaped conductors that form these leg sections because they are radially surrounded by other shaped conductors only on one side. This enables a space-saving design of the winding heads of the stator.

[0012] The stator core is formed, in particular, from a plurality of individual laminations arranged in axial layers and / or electrically insulated from one another. The stator core can therefore also be considered or referred to as a stator lamination stack. The slots typically extend axially within the stator core.

[0013] The shaped conductors, in particular, have a rectangular cross-section. The shaped conductors are, in particular, solid, preferably non-flexible, electrical conductors made of a metal, preferably copper. The shaped conductors can be bent U-pins forming two leg sections or I-pins forming one leg section.

[0014] The number of strings is preferably exactly three or exactly six. The strings can be connected in a star or delta configuration.

[0015] The number of layers is preferably at most sixteen, particularly preferably at most twelve. In preferred embodiments, L is exactly six, or exactly eight, or exactly ten. The first layer can be the radially outermost or the radially innermost of the layers.

[0016] Each winding zone preferably accommodates the leg sections that form a pole of the stator winding for one of the phases. The number of winding zones for a respective phase can accordingly correspond to the number of poles of the stator winding. The number of poles is preferably at most sixteen, particularly preferably at most twelve. In a preferred embodiment, the number of poles is exactly four or exactly six or exactly eight or exactly ten. According to the invention, the first current path section can comprise either one or more leg sections. If the first current path section comprises only one leg section, the first outer leg section of the at least one current path is simultaneously the last leg section of the first current path section of the at least one current path. The third current path section can comprise the second outer leg section as the last leg section.

[0017] In general, each current path section of the at least one current path can form a wave winding. Furthermore, the outer leg sections can be the first and last leg sections of the at least one current path with respect to the series connection.

[0018] The first circumferential direction can be clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the first end face. The terms "first circumferential direction" and "second circumferential direction" can also be understood or referred to as opposing first and second orientations of a circumferential direction with respect to the longitudinal axis.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the last leg section of the first current path section and the first leg section of the second current path section are formed by the same shaped conductor. Alternatively or additionally, the last leg section of the second current path section and the first leg section of the third current path section are formed by the same shaped conductor. If the corresponding last and first leg sections are each formed by a shaped conductor, the appropriate design of this shaped conductor is advantageously sufficient to implement the interconnection of two current path sections.

[0020] Furthermore, in the stator according to the invention, it can be provided that the leg section or leg sections of the first current path section of the at least one current path occupy or occupy only the double layer that includes the reference layer. Thus, the variation of the position of the reversal of the winding direction can be achieved by arranging the leg sections in only one double layer.

[0021] Preferably, the leg portions of the second current path portion and / or the third current path portion of the at least one current path occupy each double layer.

[0022] If the first current path section comprises a plurality of leg sections, it is particularly provided that the plurality of leg sections of the first current path section of the at least one current path, which are consecutive with respect to the series connection, occupy immediately adjacent winding zones of the same phase along the circumferential direction opposite the reference direction. This means that a second reversal of the winding direction is formed by the last leg section of the first current path section and the first leg section of the second current path section.

[0023] It is further advantageous in the stator according to the invention if the number of leg sections of the first current path section is odd. This makes it possible, in particular, for the first outer leg section to protrude from the stator core on one of the end faces, and for the connecting section, which connects the last leg section of the first current path section to the first leg section of the second current path section, to be arranged on the other end face. It can also be provided that the number of leg sections of the third current path section is odd, so that the sum of the numbers of leg sections of the first current path section and the third current path section results in an even number.

[0024] Preferably, the number of leg sections of the second current path section is even. Then, the connecting section connecting the last leg section of the first current path section to the first leg section of the second current path section and the connecting section connecting the last leg section of the second current path section to the first leg section of the third current path section can be arranged on the same end face.

[0025] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the stator according to the invention, the outer leg sections of the at least one current path are arranged in immediately adjacent winding zones of the same strand and / or in different layers of the same double layer. This enables contact between the outer leg sections of the at least one current path in close proximity to one another or at different radial positions.

[0026] For the current path of the first type, two design alternatives are preferably provided:

[0027] According to the first preferred embodiment alternative, it is provided that the first leg section of the second current path section follows the last leg section of the first current path section along the second circumferential direction and / or the first leg section of the third current path section follows the last leg section of the second current path section along the first circumferential direction.

[0028] According to the second preferred embodiment alternative, it is provided that the first leg section of the second current path section follows the last leg section of the first current path section along the first circumferential direction and / or the first leg section of the third current path section follows the last leg section of the second current path section along the second circumferential direction.

[0029] In the stator according to the invention, it can further be provided that one current path is designed as a second current path of the first type, wherein the outer leg sections of the current paths of the first type are arranged in the same winding zones. As a result, a phase with several current paths can be formed in which the current paths are close to one another, so that spatially close contact of the current paths is possible. Particularly preferably, the first outer leg sections of the first current path of the first type and of the second current path of the first type are located in the same position in the same winding zone. Furthermore, the second outer leg sections of the first current path of the first type and of the second current path of the first type can be located in the same position in the same winding zone.

[0030] In particular, it can be provided that one of the outer leg sections of the first current path of the first type is connected in series with one of the outer leg sections of the second current path of the first type, or that the first current path of the first type and the second current path of the first type are connected in parallel. In the case of a parallel connection, it is preferred that the first outer leg sections of the first current path of the first type and the second current path of the first type are connected to one another, and the second outer leg sections of the first current path of the first type and the second current path of the first type are connected to one another.

[0031] If two current paths are connected in series, they can be connected to each other by one of the connecting sections.

[0032] If only one current path of the first type is provided, it can occupy every layer in all winding zones of the same phase. If multiple current paths of the first type are provided, the leg sections of the current paths of the first type, in particular of the first current path of the first type and the second current path of the first type, can occupy every layer in all winding zones of the same phase. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the leg sections of the second current path section of a respective one of the current paths of the first type occupy all winding zones of the same phase in each double layer. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the number of leg sections of the first and third current path sections of a respective one of the current paths of the first type arranged in the double layer comprising the reference layer corresponds to the number of winding zones of one of the phases.

[0033] It can also be provided that a current path is designed as a current path of the second type, in which the reference position is the first position and the reference direction is the first circumferential direction and the first leg section of the second current path section follows the last leg section of the first current path section in the opposite circumferential direction to the current path of the first type and / or the first leg section of the third current path section follows the last leg section of the second current path section in the opposite circumferential direction to the current path of the first type.

[0034] A current path can also be designed as a second current path of the second type. It is preferred if the outer leg sections of the current paths of the second type are arranged in the same winding zones. In particular, the first outer leg sections of the current paths of the second type are arranged in the same position, and the second outer leg sections of the current paths are arranged in the same position. It is preferably provided that one of the outer leg sections of the current paths of the first and second type is located in each of the winding zones, and the other outer leg sections of the current paths of the first type, on the one hand, and the other outer leg sections of the current paths of the second type, on the other hand, are arranged in different winding zones.In particular, it is provided that the second outer leg sections of the current paths of the first type and the first outer leg sections of the current paths of the first type are arranged in the same predetermined winding zone, the first leg sections of the current paths of the first type are arranged in the winding zone immediately adjacent along the second circumferential direction, and the second leg sections of the current paths of the second type are arranged in the winding zone immediately adjacent along the first circumferential direction. In one embodiment, it is possible for each phase to have first and second current paths of the first type and first and second current paths of the second type. In this case, the first and second current paths are preferably connected in parallel.In particular, it can be provided that the first outer leg sections of the current paths of the first type and the second outer leg sections of the current paths of the second type are connected to one another and that the second outer leg sections of the current paths of the first type and the first outer leg sections of the current paths of the second type are connected to one another.

[0035] According to an alternative embodiment, it can be provided that some of the strands have first and second current paths of the first type, and some of the strands have first and second current paths of the second type. In this case, the current paths of a respective strand are preferably connected in series.

[0036] In the stator according to the invention, it can further be provided that a current path is designed as a current path of the third type, in which the reference position is the Lth and the reference direction is the second circumferential direction. In the current path of the third type, it can be provided that the first leg section of the second current path section follows the last leg section of the first current path section along the same circumferential direction as in the current path of the first type and / or the first leg section of the third current path section follows the last leg section of the second current path section in the same circumferential direction as in the current path of the first type. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the outer leg sections are arranged in the same winding zones as in the current path of the first type.

[0037] It can further be provided that a current path is designed as a second current path of the third type, wherein the outer leg sections of the current paths of the third type are arranged in the same winding zones.

[0038] Preferably, each strand comprises first and second current paths of the first type and first and second current paths of the third type. It can be provided that, for some of the strands, the number of leg sections of the first current path section of the current paths of the first type and the current paths of the third type differs from that number for another part of the strands.

[0039] If two current paths of the first type and two current paths of the second or third type are provided, the following can be provided: The current paths of the first type and the current paths of the second or third type can occupy all winding zones of the same phase. Alternatively or additionally, the leg sections of the second current path section of a respective one of the current paths of the first type and of a respective one of the current paths of the second or third type can occupy half of the winding zones in each double layer. Alternatively or additionally, the number of leg sections of the first and third current path sections of a respective one of the current paths of the first type and of the current paths of the second or third type arranged in the double layer comprising the reference layer can correspond to half the number of winding zones of one of the phases.

[0040] Each winding zone can extend over a number q of slots in each layer, where q > 2. The number q can correspond to the number of holes in the stator winding. It can further be provided that each winding zone is subdivided in the circumferential direction into first q-th partial winding zones, which are named according to their sequence along one of the circumferential directions, in particular along the second circumferential direction. On the one hand, it is possible for each winding zone to extend over exactly q slots. In this case, the stator has a straight stator winding. Alternatively, it is also possible for each winding zone to extend over q+k slots, in particular over exactly q+1 slots, and for each partial winding zone to extend over k+1 slots, where k is a natural number. In this case, some of the double layers can be offset from the remaining double layers in the circumferential direction.The first to j-th double layers can be offset relative to the (j+1)-th to (L / 2)-th double layers, where 1 < j < (L / 2)-1. In particular, the first to (L / 4)-th double layers are offset relative to the [(L / 4)+1]-th to (L / 2)-th double layers. The stator can then have a chorded stator winding. Preferably, the leg sections of a respective current path section are arranged in the same partial winding zone. The leg sections of the corresponding current path sections of different current paths of the same type can be arranged in different partial winding zones.

[0041] The leg sections of the first current path section and the third current path section, on the one hand, and the leg sections of the second current path section, on the other hand, can be arranged in different partial winding zones. Alternatively, the leg sections of the first and second current path sections of a respective first current path can be arranged in the same partial winding zone, and the leg sections of the third current path section of a respective first current path can be arranged in a different partial winding zone.

[0042] The outer leg portions of the at least one current path may be spaced apart by Nq or N-q+1 or Nq-1 slots.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the stator according to the invention, it can further be provided that each shaped conductor forms two of the leg sections and one of the connecting sections provided on the first end face in one piece, and the connecting sections provided on the second end face are formed by electrically conductive and mechanical connection of two of the shaped conductors. Such shaped conductors can also be referred to as U-pins. The connection of the shaped conductors on the second end face is preferably effected by means of a material bond, in particular by welding.

[0044] It can be provided that a respective outer leg section of the at least one current path is connected to the leg section immediately following it in terms of the series connection by one of the connecting sections provided on the first end face. This means, in particular, that the outer leg sections protrude from the stator core on the second end face and are contactable or contacted there. Preferably, the last leg section of the first current path section and the first leg section of the second current path section of the at least one current path are connected by one of the connecting sections provided on the first end face and / or the last leg section of the second current path section and the first leg section of the third current path section of the at least one current path are connected by one of the connecting sections provided on the first end face.

[0045] Preferably, the stator further comprises a connecting device which contacts at least a part of the outer shaped conductors of the at least one current path of a respective strand for feeding in a multi-phase alternating voltage at the second end face.

[0046] The connecting device can form the parallel connection of the current paths. The connecting device can further comprise a star connection, which forms the star connection of the strands. In this case, the outer leg sections connected to the star connector are preferably arranged in the same position.

[0047] It can further be provided that a pair of first and last leg sections of different current paths arranged in the same winding zones and in the same layer, in particular in the radially outermost of the layers, form a shaped conductor arrangement comprising a first of the shaped conductors, the leg sections of which are spaced apart by a predetermined number of slots, and a second of the shaped conductors, the leg sections of which are spaced apart by a number of slots that is fewer than the predetermined number. The connecting section of the second shaped conductor provided on the first end face can be arranged axially between the stator core and the connecting section of the first shaped conductor provided on the first end face.It can further be provided that a pair of first and last leg sections of different current paths arranged in the same winding zones and in the same layer, in particular in the radially innermost of the layers, form a shaped conductor arrangement comprising a first of the shaped conductors, the leg sections of which are spaced apart by a predetermined number of slots, and a second of the shaped conductors, the leg sections of which are spaced apart by a number of slots which is less than the predetermined number.The shaped conductors of the shaped conductor arrangement can have two oblique sections, each of which adjoins one of the leg sections and runs in the axial direction away from the stator core and in the circumferential direction, wherein a respective oblique section is adjoined by an axial section which extends further axially away from the stator core than the connecting sections formed by the remaining shaped conductors, wherein a respective axial section is adjoined by a radial section which covers the remaining shaped conductors and the radial sections are connected by a web section and extend along the remaining shaped conductors in the circumferential direction, wherein the connecting section of the first shaped conductor frames the connecting section of the second shaped conductor.

[0048] Typically, the leg portions of the first form conductor are spaced apart by N-q+1 slots, and the leg portions of the second form conductor are spaced apart by Nq-1 slots. The form conductors of such form conductor arrangements can also be referred to as U-inside-U pins.

[0049] The invention also relates to an electric machine comprising a previously described stator and a rotor rotatably mounted relative to the stator. The electric machine may be a synchronous machine. The rotor may be permanently excited or electrically excited. Alternatively, the electric machine may be an asynchronous machine. The electric machine is preferably configured to drive a vehicle. The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising an electric machine according to the invention configured to drive the vehicle. The vehicle may be a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a hybrid vehicle.

[0050] Further advantages and details of the present invention will become apparent from the exemplary embodiments described below and from the drawings. These are schematic representations and show:

[0051] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a stator according to the invention;

[0052] Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the stator winding of the stator according to the first embodiment;

[0053] Fig. 3 is a winding diagram of the stator winding of the stator according to the first embodiment;

[0054] Fig. 4 is a winding diagram of the current path sections of the first current path of the first type according to the first embodiment;

[0055] Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of shaped conductors of the first, second and third type according to the first embodiment;

[0056] Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the winding head with shaped conductors of the second type according to the first embodiment;

[0057] Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the winding head with shaped conductors of the third type according to the first embodiment;

[0058] Fig. 8 shows a winding diagram of the stator winding according to a second embodiment of the stator according to the invention; Fig. 9 shows a block diagram of the stator winding of a third embodiment of the stator according to the invention;

[0059] Fig. 10 is a winding diagram of one of the strands of the stator winding according to the third embodiment;

[0060] Fig. 11 is a winding diagram of the current path sections of the first current path of the first type according to the third embodiment;

[0061] Fig. 12 is a winding diagram of the current path sections of the first current path of the second type according to the third embodiment;

[0062] Fig. 13 is a block diagram of the stator winding of a fourth embodiment of the stator according to the invention;

[0063] Fig. 14 and 15 each show a winding diagram of one of the strands of the stator winding according to the fourth embodiment;

[0064] Fig. 16 is a winding diagram of the current path sections of the first current path of the third type of one of the strands according to the fourth embodiment;

[0065] Fig. 17 is a block diagram of the stator winding of a fifth embodiment of the stator according to the invention;

[0066] Fig. 18 to 20 each show a winding diagram of one of the strands of the stator winding according to the fifth embodiment; and

[0067] Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle with an embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention.

[0068] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a stator 1. The stator 1 has a stator core 2, which has a longitudinal axis 3, a first end face 4 and a second end face 5 opposite the end face 4. A plurality of circumferentially arranged slots 6 of the stator core 2 extend from the first end face 4 to the second end face 5, only two of which are shown schematically in Fig. 1. The stator core 2 is formed, by way of example, from a plurality of axially layered, electrically insulated individual laminations (not shown), so that it can also be referred to or considered as a stator lamination stack.

[0069] The stator 1 further comprises a stator winding 7, which in the present exemplary embodiment has N = 3 strands U, V, W (see Fig. 2). Each strand U, V, W is formed by shaped conductors 8, which have leg sections 9 arranged within the slots 6. The shaped conductors 8 further comprise connecting sections 10, 11, which each electrically conductively connect two of the leg sections 9 to one another. The connecting sections 10 are provided on the first end face 4 and form a winding head 12 there. The connecting sections 11 are provided on the second end face 5 and form a further winding head 13 there. In Fig. 1, only one shaped conductor 8 is shown completely, and two other shaped conductors 8, which together with it each form one of the connecting sections 11 on the second end face 5, are shown schematically.

[0070] Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the stator winding 7 of the stator 1 according to the first embodiment.

[0071] Each phase U, V, W has a first current path of the first type 14a and a second current path of the first type 14b. Each current path of the first type 14a, 14b is formed from a plurality of leg sections 9 and a plurality of connecting sections 10, 11 connecting the leg sections 9 to form a series circuit. With respect to the series circuit, the first current path of the first type 14a and the second current path of the first type 14b each have a first outer leg section 9a and a second outer leg section 9b opposite the first outer leg section 9a. This means that a first and a last of the leg sections 9 forming the series circuit of the current path of the first type 14a, 14b are the outer leg sections 9a, 9b.

[0072] The first current path 14a and the second current path 14b each have a first current path section 15a, a second current path section 15b, and a third current path section 15c, each comprising a plurality of leg sections 9 arranged consecutively with respect to the series connection. For each current path of the first type 14a, 14b, one of the leg sections 9 is a last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a, one of the leg sections 9 is a first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b, one of the leg sections 9 is a last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b, and one of the leg sections 9 is a first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c. The last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a is directly connected to the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b by means of one of the connecting sections 10.The last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b is directly connected to the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c by means of one of the connecting sections 10.

[0073] In the present exemplary embodiment, it is provided by way of example that the current paths of the first type 14a, 14b of a respective strand U, V, W are connected in parallel, namely in such a way that in each strand U, V, W the first outer leg sections 9a of the first current path of the first type 14a and of the second current path of the first type 14b are connected to one another and the second outer leg sections 9b of the first current path of the first type 14a and of the second current path of the first type 14b are connected to one another.

[0074] By way of example, the phases U, V, W are connected as a star connection in the present exemplary embodiment. For this purpose, the stator 1 has a phase connection 16u, 16v, 16w for each phase U, V, W. The phases U, V, W are connected together at their ends opposite the phase connections 16u, 16v, 16w to form a star point 17. For this purpose, the phase connections 16u, 16v, 16w are each connected to the first outer leg section 9a of a respective current path of the first type 14a, 14b of one of the phases U, V, W. The second outer leg sections 9b of the first current path 14a of each phase U, V, W are connected together to form the star point 17. The phase connections 16u, 16v, 16w and the star point 17 are formed here by a connection device 18 shown schematically in Fig. 1 on the second end face 5.

[0075] Fig. 3 is a winding diagram of the stator winding 7 according to the first embodiment.

[0076] In each table in Fig. 3, a column corresponds to one of the slots 6, which are provided with a slot number. In the present exemplary embodiment, the stator core 2 has 48 slots, as an example. Furthermore, a first circumferential direction 19a and an opposite second circumferential direction 19b are indicated. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the first circumferential direction 19a corresponds to the counterclockwise direction, and the second circumferential direction 19b corresponds to the clockwise direction, as viewed from the first end face 4. The slots are numbered along the second circumferential direction 19b.

[0077] Each groove 6 is radially divided into L = 8 layers 20a to 20h, namely a first layer 20a, a second layer 20b, a third layer 20c, a fourth layer 20d, a fifth layer 20e, a sixth layer 20f, a seventh layer 20g, and an eighth layer 20h. The layers 20a to 20h correspond to the rows of the tables in Fig.

[0078] 3. The grooves 6 are named according to their radial order, with the first layer 20a being the radially outermost and the eighth layer 20h being the radially innermost, as an example. Each groove 6 is further subdivided into L / 2 = 4 double layers 21a to 21d, with the first double layer 21a comprising the first layer 20a and the second layer 20b, the second double layer 21b comprising the third layer 20c and the fourth layer 20d, the third double layer 21c comprising the fifth layer 20e and the sixth layer 20f, and the fourth double layer 21d comprising the seventh layer 20g and the eighth layer 20h.

[0079] Each layer 20a to 20h in a respective groove 6 forms a receiving location 22 for one of the leg sections 9, so that the number of grooves multiplied by the number of layers corresponds to the number of receiving locations 20. In the present embodiment, 384 receiving locations 22 are formed. Each receiving location corresponds to a cell of the tables in Fig. 3

[0080] The receiving locations 22 form eight winding zones 23a to 23h for each strand U, V, W. In the table above, the winding zones belonging to the same strand U, V, W are hatched in the same way, and the winding zones of strand U are provided with reference symbols. Each winding zone 23a to 23h has a number q = 2 receiving locations 22 in each layer. In the present embodiment, each winding zone extends over exactly q = 2 slots 6. The value q therefore corresponds to the number of holes in the stator winding 7.

[0081] The tables below show the arrangement of the leg sections 9, 9a to 9f in the receiving locations 22 and their connection by the connecting sections 10, 11, wherein the connecting sections 10 on the first end face 4 are represented by dashed arrows and the connecting sections 11 on the second end face 5 are represented by solid arrows. It should be noted that the direction of the arrows does not necessarily correspond to a current direction through the leg sections 9, 9a to 9f, or through the connecting sections 10, 11.

[0082] The winding diagram is explained in more detail below using phase U. The leg sections of the other phases V, W are arranged identically, except for a shift of q = 2 slots along the first circumferential direction 19a for phase V and along the second circumferential direction 19b for phase W. The explanations for phase U can be transferred to the other phases V, W. Fig. 4 is a winding diagram of the first current path of the first type 14a of phase U according to the first exemplary embodiment, with Fig. 4 showing the current path sections 15a to 15c of the first current path of the first type 14a in separate tables. The explanations for the first current path of the first type 14a can be transferred to the second current path of the first type 14b.

[0083] The last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a and the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b are arranged in a reference position RL1, which is the first position 20a for the first-type current paths 14a, 14b. The last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b and the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c are arranged in the position radially opposite the reference position RL1, here in the eighth position 20h (the L-th position). The outer leg sections 9a, 9b are arranged in the double layer that encompasses the reference position RL1, in this case in the first double layer 21a.

[0084] The leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b occupy immediately adjacent winding zones 23a to 23h of the same phase U from the first leg section 9d to the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b along one of the circumferential directions 19a, 19b as the reference direction RR1. For the current paths of the first type 14a, 14b, the reference direction RR1 is the first circumferential direction 19a. The leg sections of the third current path section 15c occupy immediately adjacent winding zones 23a to 23h of the same phase U from the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c to the second outer leg section 9b along the circumferential direction 19a, 19b opposite the reference direction RR1, i.e., along the second circumferential direction 19b. In the present embodiment, the first current path section 15a comprises several leg sections 19b.These occupy immediately adjacent winding zones 23a to 23h of the same strand U from the first outer leg section 9a to the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a along the circumferential direction opposite the reference direction RR1, i.e., along the second circumferential direction 19b. Fig. 4 further shows that the leg sections 9, 9a to 9f of each current path section 15a to 15c change the respective layer 20a to 20h of the double layer 21a to 21d from each occupied winding zone 23a to 23h to the subsequent winding zone 23a to 23h. Accordingly, each current path section 15a to 15c forms a wave winding.

[0085] The leg sections 9, 9a, 9c of the first current path section 15a occupy only the double layer 21a, which encompasses the reference layer 20a. They occupy only a predefined number of winding zones 23a to 23h, here, for example, five winding zones 23b to 23h. The predefined number is odd.

[0086] The leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b, on the other hand, occupy all winding zones 23a to 23h of the same phase U. The leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b occupy each winding zone 23a to 23h in each double layer 21a to 21d once. In other words, the second current path section 15b completes a number of complete revolutions along the reference direction RR1 around the stator core 2 corresponding to the number of double layers 21a to 21d.

[0087] The leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c also occupy each double layer 21a to 21d. The leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c occupy each winding zone 23a to 23h of each double layer 21a to 21d once, except for the double layer 21a, which encompasses the reference layer RR1. In other words, the third current path section 15c completes a number of complete revolutions along the circumferential direction 19b opposite the reference direction RR1, corresponding to the number of double layers 21a to 23h reduced by one. In the double layer 21a, which comprises the reference layer RR1, the leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c occupy a number of winding zones which corresponds to the number of winding zones 23a to 23h of the strand U less the number of winding zones 23a to 23f occupied by the leg sections 9, 9a, 9c of the first current path section 15a.Furthermore, in the current paths of the first type 14a, 14b, the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b follows the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a along the second circumferential direction 19b. The first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c follows the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b along the first circumferential direction 19a.

[0088] Furthermore, Fig. 4 also shows that the outer leg sections 9a, 9b are arranged in immediately adjacent winding zones 23b, 23c of the same strand U. The outer leg sections 9a, 9b are further arranged in different layers 20a, 20b of the same double layer 21a.

[0089] Fig. 4 further shows that each winding zone 23a to 23g is subdivided in the circumferential direction into first to second (q-th) partial winding zones, which are named according to their sequence along the second circumferential direction 19b, wherein each partial winding zone comprises a receiving location 22 in each of the layers 20a to 20h. In the present embodiment, each partial winding zone 20a to 20h extends over exactly one slot 6.

[0090] According to the first exemplary embodiment, the leg sections 9, 9a to 9f of a respective current path section 15a, 15b, 15c are arranged in the same partial winding zone. The leg sections 9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9f of the first current path section 15a and the third current path section 15c, on the one hand, and the leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b, on the other hand, are arranged in different partial winding zones 24a, 24b. By way of example, the leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b are arranged in the first partial winding zone 24a.

[0091] Referring again to Fig. 3, it can be seen that the leg sections 9, 9a to 9f of a respective current path section 15a to 15c are arranged in different partial winding zones 24a, 24b in the first current path of the first type 14a and in the second current path of the second type 14b.

[0092] In the first current path of the first type 14a, the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a and the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b, as well as the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b and the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c, are each spaced apart from one another by Nq-1 = 5 slots. In the second current path of the first type 14b, the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a and the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b, as well as the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b and the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c, are each spaced apart from one another by Nq+1 = 7 slots. The outer leg sections 9a, 9b are spaced apart from each other by Nq = 6 grooves in the first current path of the first type 14a and in the second current path of the first type 14b.All other pairs of leg sections 9 that are immediately adjacent to the series connection are each spaced apart by Nq = 6 grooves.

[0093] It can also be seen that the last leg sections 9c of the first current path sections 15a, the first leg sections 9d of the second current path sections 15b, the last leg sections 9e of the second current path sections 15b and the first leg sections 9f of the third current path sections 15c are each arranged in the same winding zone 23a, 23g, 23h.

[0094] Fig. 5 shows schematic diagrams of first-type conductors 8a, second-type conductors 8b, and third-type conductors 8c. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the winding head 12 with second-type conductors 8b. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the winding head 12 with third-type conductors 8c.

[0095] The connecting sections 11 formed on the second end face 5 (see Fig. 1) are formed by end sections 25 of two shaped conductors 8 that are electrically conductively and mechanically connected to one another. Each shaped conductor 8 has two end sections 25 adjoining one of its leg sections 9.

[0096] The shaped conductors 8 comprise shaped conductors of the first type 8a. The end sections 25 of the shaped conductors of the first type 8a point away from each other in the first circumferential direction 19a and in the second circumferential direction 19b. The shaped conductors 8 further comprise shaped conductors of the second type 8b and shaped conductors of the third type 8c. The end sections 25 of a respective shaped conductor of the second and third type 8b, 8c point in the same circumferential direction 19a, 19b.

[0097] The second-type shaped conductors 8b form the first leg sections 9d, 9f and the last leg sections 9c, 9e of two current path sections 15a, 15b, 15c, arranged in the radially outer layer. In the present embodiment, these are the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a and the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b of a respective current path of the first type 14a, 14b.

[0098] The two second-type shaped conductors 8b, which are arranged in the same winding zones 23g, 23h, form a shaped conductor arrangement 26a. The connecting section 10 of a first second-type shaped conductor 8b of the shaped conductor arrangement 26a connects two leg sections 9c, 9d spaced apart by N-q+1 slots 6, and the connecting section 10 of a second second-type shaped conductor 8b of the shaped conductor arrangement 26a connects two leg sections 9c, 9d spaced apart by Nq-1 slots 6. The connecting section 10 of the second second-type shaped conductor 8b is axially shorter than the connecting section 10 of the first second-type shaped conductor 8b and is arranged between the stator core 2 and the first second-type shaped conductor 8b.

[0099] The third-type shaped conductors 8c form the first leg sections 9d, 9f and the last leg sections 9c, 9e of two current path sections 15a, 15b, 15c, arranged in the radially inner layer. In the present embodiment, these are the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b and the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c of a respective first-type current path 14a, 14b.

[0100] The connecting section 10 of each third-type shaped conductor 8c has two inclined sections 28, which adjoin one of the leg sections 9 and extend in the axial direction away from the stator core 2 and in the circumferential direction. Adjoining each inclined section 28 is an axial section 29, which extends further axially away from the stator core than the first-type shaped conductors 8a. Adjoining each axial section 29 is a radial section 30, which covers the first-type shaped conductors 8a. The radial sections 30 are connected by a web section 31, which extends along the first-type shaped conductors 8a in the circumferential direction.

[0101] The two third-type shaped conductors 8c, which are arranged in the same winding zones 23a, 23f, form a shaped conductor arrangement 26b. The connecting section 10 of a first third-type shaped conductor 8c of the shaped conductor arrangement 26b connects two leg sections 9 spaced apart by N-q+1 slots 6, and the connecting section 10 of a second third-type shaped conductor 8c of the shaped conductor arrangement 26b connects two leg sections 9 spaced apart by Nq-1 slots 6. The connecting section 10 of the first third-type shaped conductor 8c frames the connecting section 10 of the second third-type shaped conductor 8c.

[0102] The remaining shaped conductors 8, i.e. in the present embodiment shaped conductors 8 with two leg sections 9 spaced by Nq grooves 6, are formed by shaped conductors of the first type 8a.

[0103] Further exemplary embodiments of a stator 1 are described below, with identical or equivalent components being provided with identical reference numerals: Fig. 8 is a winding diagram of the stator winding 7 of a stator 1 according to a second exemplary embodiment. The second exemplary embodiment corresponds to the first exemplary embodiment except for the deviations described below.

[0104] The stator winding 7 of the stator 1 according to the second exemplary embodiment is designed as a chorded stator winding. For this purpose, each winding zone 23a to 23h extends over q+1 = 3 slots, and each partial winding zone 24a, 24b extends over two slots 6. In each winding zone 23a to 23h, a portion of the double layers, here the third and fourth double layers 21c, 21d, is offset by one slot along the second circumferential direction 19b relative to a portion of the double layers comprising the first double layer 21a, here the first double layer 21 and the second double layer 21b.

[0105] In the second embodiment, directly connected leg sections 9, arranged in staggered double layers 21b, 21c, are spaced apart by Nq-1 = 5 slots instead of Nq = 6 slots. These leg sections 9 are also formed by first-type shaped conductors 8a.

[0106] Fig. 9 is a block diagram of the stator winding 7 of a stator 1 according to a third embodiment. The third embodiment corresponds to the first embodiment except for the deviations described below.

[0107] According to the third exemplary embodiment, each phase U, V, W has, in addition to a first current path of the first type 14a and a second current path of the first type 14b, a first current path of the second type 32a and a second current path of the second type 32b. According to the third exemplary embodiment, it is provided by way of example that the current paths of the first type 14a, 14b and the current paths of the second type 32a, 32b of a respective phase U, V, W are connected in parallel, namely in such a way that for each phase U, V, W, the first outer leg sections 9a of the first current path of the first type 14a and of the second current path of the first type 14b and the second outer leg sections 9b of the first current path of the second type 32a and of the second current path of the second type 32b are connected to one another and to the corresponding phase connection 16u, 16v, 16w.The second outer leg sections 9b of the first current path of the first type 14a and the second current path of the first type 14b as well as the first outer leg sections 9a of the first current path of the second type 32a and the second current path of the second type 32b are connected to one another and to the star point 17.

[0108] Fig. 10 is a winding diagram of the strand U of the stator winding 7 according to the third embodiment.

[0109] The winding pattern is explained in more detail below using phase U. The leg sections of phase V are arranged identically except for a shift of 2-N-q+4 slots 6 along the second circumferential direction 19b. The leg sections of phase W are arranged identically except for a shift of N-q+2 slots 6 along the second circumferential direction 19b. This means that the first outer leg section 9a of the first current path of the first type 14a is in slot no. 30 for phase V and in slot no. 22 for phase W, and the second outer leg section 9b of the first current path of the first type 14a is arranged in slot no. 24 for phase V and in slot no. 16 for phase W. The first outer leg portion 9a of the second first type current path 14b is arranged in slot No. 29 for strand V and in slot No. 21 for strand W, and the second outer leg portion 9b of the second first type current path 14b is arranged in slot No. 23 for strand V and in slot No. 15 for strand W.The first outer leg portion 9a of the first second type current path 32a is arranged in slot no. 23 for strand V and in slot no. 15 for strand W, and the second outer leg portion 9b of the first second type current path 32a is arranged in slot no. 17 for strand V and in slot no. 9 for strand W. The first outer leg portion 9a of the second second type current path 32b is arranged in slot no. 24 for strand V and in slot no. 16 for strand W, and the second outer leg portion 9b of the second second type current path 32b is arranged in slot no. 18 for strand V and in slot no. 10 for strand W. Fig. 11 is a winding diagram of the first current path of the first type 14a of the phase U according to the third exemplary embodiment, wherein Fig. 11 shows the current path sections 15a to 15c of the first current path of the first type 14a in separate tables. The explanations regarding the first current path of the first type 14a can be applied to the second current path of the first type 14b.

[0110] The leg sections 9, 9a, 9c of the first current path section 15a according to the third embodiment occupy only three winding zones 23c, 23d, 23e.

[0111] The leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b occupy only half the number of winding zones 23a to 23h in each double layer 21a to 21d. In the first double layer 21a and in the third double layer 21c, they each occupy the winding zones 23c to 23f; in the second double layer 21b and in the fourth double layer 21d, they each occupy the winding zones 23a, 23b, 23g, 23h. The second current path section 15b completes a number of complete revolutions along the reference direction RR1 around the stator core 2 corresponding to half the number of double layers 21a to 21d.

[0112] The leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c occupy only half the number of winding zones 23a to 23h in each double layer 21b to 21h, except for the double layer 21a, which includes the reference layer RL1. In other words, the third current path section 15c completes a number of complete revolutions corresponding to half the number of double layers 21a to 23h, reduced by one, along the circumferential direction 19b opposite the reference direction RR1. In the double layer 21a, which includes the reference layer RL1, the leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c occupy a number of winding zones 23a that corresponds to half the number of winding zones 23a to 23h of the phase U minus the number of winding zones 23c to 23e occupied by the leg sections 9, 9a, 9c of the first current path section 15a. Fig.Figure 12 is a winding diagram of the first current path of the second type 32a of the phase U according to the third embodiment, with Figure 12 showing the current path sections 15a to 15c of the first current path of the second type 32a in separate tables. The explanations regarding the first current path of the second type 32a can be applied to the second current path of the second type 32b.

[0113] In the second-type current paths 32a, 32b, the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a and the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b are arranged in a reference position RL2, which is the first layer 20a. The last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b and the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c are arranged in the position radially opposite the reference position RL2, namely in the eighth layer 20h (the L-th layer). The outer leg sections 9a, 9b are arranged in the double layer that encompasses the reference position RL2, in this case in the first double layer 21a.

[0114] The leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b occupy immediately adjacent winding zones 23a to 23h of the same phase U from the first leg section 9d to the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b along the first circumferential direction 19a as the reference direction RR2. The leg sections of the third current path section 15c occupy immediately adjacent winding zones 23a to 23h of the same phase U from the first leg section 9e to the last leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c along the second circumferential direction 19b opposite the reference direction RR2.

[0115] In the present exemplary embodiment, the first current path section 15a comprises only one leg section 9a, 9c, which is arranged in the first double layer 21a. This means that in the second type of current paths 32a, 32b, the first outer leg section 9a and the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a are identical. The number of winding zones 23a to 23g occupied by the first current path section is therefore one in this case. The leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b occupy only half the number of winding zones 23a to 23h in each double layer 21a to 21d. In the first double layer 21 a and in the third double layer 21 c they each occupy the winding zones 23a, 23f, 23g, 23h, in the second double layer 21 b and in the fourth double layer 21 d they each occupy the winding zones 23b to 23e.The second current path section 15b completes a number of complete revolutions along the reference direction RR2 around the stator core 2 corresponding to half the number of double layers 23a to 21h.

[0116] The leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c occupy only half the number of winding zones 23a to 23h in each double layer 21b to 21d, except for the double layer 21a, which includes the reference layer RL2. In other words, the third current path section 15c completes a number of complete revolutions corresponding to half the number of double layers 21a to 23h, reduced by one, along the circumferential direction 19b opposite the reference direction RR2. In the double layer 21 a, which comprises the reference layer RL2, the leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c occupy a number of winding zones 23a which corresponds to half the number of winding zones 23a to 23h of the phase U less the number of winding zones 23b occupied by the leg sections 9, 9a, 9c of the first current path section 15a.

[0117] The circumferential directions 19a, 19b, along which the first leg sections 9d, 9f follow the last leg section 9c, 9e, are reversed to the current paths of the first type 14a, 14b. For the current paths of the second type 32a, 32b, in the present exemplary embodiment, the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b follows the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a along the first circumferential direction 19a, and the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c follows the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b along the second circumferential direction 19b.

[0118] Furthermore, the statements regarding the first-type current paths 14a, 14b can be applied to the second-type current paths 32a, 32b. Referring again to Fig. 10, it can be seen that the first outer leg sections 9a of the second-type current paths 32a, 32b and the second outer leg sections 9b of the first-type current paths 14a, 14b are located in the same winding zone 23b. The second outer leg sections 9b of the second-type current paths 32a, 32b are located in the other winding zone 23a than the winding zones 23b, 23c in which the outer leg sections 9a, 9b of the first-type current paths 14a, 14b are arranged.

[0119] Fig. 13 is a block diagram of the stator winding 7 of a fourth embodiment of a stator 1. The fourth embodiment corresponds to the third embodiment except for the deviations described below.

[0120] In the fourth embodiment, the first and second current paths of the first type 14a, 14b of a portion of the strands U, V, W, here strand U and strand W, correspond to those of the third embodiment. Instead of the first and second current paths of the second type, in the fourth embodiment, a first current path of the third type 33a and a second current path of the third type 33b are provided for each of the strands U, W. Furthermore, differently configured first and second current paths of the first type 14c, 14d and first and second current paths of the third type 33c, 33d are provided for another portion of the strands, here strand V.

[0121] According to the fourth exemplary embodiment, it is provided by way of example that the current paths of the first type 14a to 14d and the current paths of the third type 33a to 33d of a respective phase U, V, W are connected in parallel, namely in such a way that for each phase U, V, W the first outer leg sections 9a of the first current path of the first type 14a, 14c and of the second current path of the first type 14b, 14d as well as the second outer leg sections 9b of the first current path of the third type 33a, 33c and of the second current path of the third type 33c are connected to one another and to the corresponding phase connection 16u, 16v, 16w. The second outer leg sections 9b of the first current path of the first type 14a, 14c and of the second current path of the first type 14b, 14d as well as the first outer leg sections 9a of the first current path of the third type 33a, 33c and of the second current path of the third type 33b, 33d are connected to one another and to the star point 17.

[0122] Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 are each a winding diagram of one of the phases U, V, W of the stator winding 7 according to the fourth embodiment, wherein Fig. 14 shows the phase U and Fig. 15 shows the phase V.

[0123] The strand W is identical to the strand U except for a shift by N-q+2 slots 6 along the second circumferential direction 19b. This means that the first outer leg section 9a of the first current path of the first type 14a in the strand W is in slot no. 22, the second outer leg section 9b of the first current path of the first type 14a in the strand W is in slot no. 16. The first outer leg section 9a of the second current path of the first type 14b is arranged in slot no. 21 in the strand W and the second outer leg section 9b of the second current path of the first type 14b is arranged in slot no. 15 in the strand W. The first outer leg section 9a of the first current path of the third type 33a is arranged in slot no. 16 in the strand W and the second outer leg section 9b of the first current path of the third type 33a is arranged in slot no. 22 in the strand W. The first outer leg section 9a of the second current path of the third type 33b is in the strand W in the slot no.15 and the second outer leg portion 9b of the second current path of the third type 33b is arranged in the strand W in the groove No. 21.

[0124] Fig. 16 is a winding diagram of the first current path of the third type 33a of the phase U according to the fourth embodiment, with Fig. 16 showing the current path sections 15a to 15c of the first current path of the third type 33a in separate tables. The explanations regarding the first current path of the third type 33a can be applied to the second current path of the third type 33b.

[0125] In the third-type current paths 33a, 32b, the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a and the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b are arranged in a reference position RL3, which is the eighth layer 20h (the L-th layer). The last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b and the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c are arranged in the position radially opposite the reference position RL3, namely in the first layer 20a. The outer leg sections 9a, 9b are arranged in the double layer that includes the reference position RL3, in this case in the fourth double layer 21d (the (L / 2)-th double layer).

[0126] The leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b occupy immediately adjacent winding zones 23a to 23h of the same phase U from the first leg section 9d to the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b along the second circumferential direction 19b as the reference direction RR3. The leg sections of the third current path section 15c occupy immediately adjacent winding zones 23a to 23h of the same phase U from the first leg section 9e to the last leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c along the first circumferential direction 19a opposite the reference direction RR3.

[0127] In the present embodiment, the first current path section 15a comprises only one leg section 9a, 9c, which is arranged in the fourth double layer 21d. This means that in the third-type current paths 32a, 32b, the first outer leg section 9a and the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a are identical. The number of winding zones 23a to 23h occupied by the first current path section is therefore one in this case.

[0128] The leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b occupy only half the number of winding zones 23a to 23h in each double layer 21a to 21d. In the first double layer 21a and in the third double layer 21c, they each occupy the winding zones 23a, 23b, 23g, 23h; in the second double layer 21b and in the fourth double layer 21d, they each occupy the winding zones 23c to 23f. The second current path section 15b completes a number of complete revolutions along the reference direction RR3 around the stator core 2 corresponding to half the number of double layers 21a to 21h. The leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c occupy only half the number of winding zones 23a to 23h in each double layer 21b to 21d, except for the fourth double layer 21d, which includes the reference layer RL3.In other words, the third current path section 15c completes a number of complete revolutions corresponding to half the number of double layers 21a to 23h, reduced by one, along the circumferential direction 19b opposite the reference direction RR3. In the fourth double layer 21d, which includes the reference layer RL3, the leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c occupy a number of winding zones 23c to 23e corresponding to half the number of winding zones 23a to 23h of the strand U less the number of winding zones 23b occupied by the leg sections 9, 9a, 9c of the first current path section 15a.

[0129] The circumferential directions 19a, 19b, along which the first leg sections 9d, 9f follow the last leg section 9c, 9e, are the same as for the current paths of the first type 14a, 14b. For the current paths of the third type 33a, 33b, in the present exemplary embodiment, the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b follows the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a along the second circumferential direction 19b, and the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c follows the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b along the first circumferential direction 19a.

[0130] Furthermore, the statements regarding the current paths of the first type 14a, 14b can be transferred to the current paths of the third type 32a, 32b.

[0131] Referring again to Fig. 14, it can be seen that the first outer leg sections 9a of the third type current paths 33a, 33b and the second outer leg sections 9b of the first type current paths 14a, 14b are located in the same winding zone 23b. The second outer leg sections 9b of the third type current paths 33a, 33b are located in the same winding zone 23c as the first outer leg sections 9a of the first type current paths 14a, 14b. As can be seen from Fig. 14 and Fig. 15, the first type current paths 14c, 14d and the third type current paths 33c, 33d of phase V differ from those of phase U in that the first current path sections 15a in phase V comprise a different number of leg sections 9, 9a, 9c than in phase U.For example, the number of leg sections 9a, 9c of the first current path sections 15a of the first-type current paths 14c, 14d is one, and the number of leg sections 9, 9a, 9c of the first current path sections 15a of the third-type current paths 33c, 33d is three. The number of leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path sections 15c changes accordingly. For the first-type current paths 14c, 14d of the phase V, the outer leg section 9a and the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a are identical.

[0132] The outer leg sections 9a, 9b of the current paths 14c, 14d, 33c, 33d of the strand V are offset by four grooves 6 along the second circumferential direction 19b relative to the outer leg sections 9a, 9b of the current paths 14a, 14b, 33a, 33b of the strand U.

[0133] According to alternative embodiments to the third and fourth embodiments, the first current path sections 15a of the second type current paths 32a, 32b or the third type current paths 33a, 33b can also comprise multiple leg sections 9, so that the first outer leg section 9a and the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a are not identical. In this case, the leg sections 9, 9a, 9c occupy the winding zones 32a, 32b along the circumferential direction 19a, 19b, which is opposite to the reference direction RR2, RR3.

[0134] Fig. 17 is a block diagram of the stator winding 7 of a fifth embodiment of a stator 1. All statements regarding the third embodiment can be applied to the fifth embodiment, except for the deviations described below. According to the fifth embodiment, some of the phases U, V, W, here the phases V, W, each have a first current path of the first type 14a and a second current path of the first type 14b. Another part of the phases U, V, W, here the phase U, each have a first current path of the second type 32a and a second current path of the second type 32b.

[0135] In the present exemplary embodiment, the current paths 14a, 14b, 32a, 32b of a respective phase U, V, W are connected in series by a connecting section 11 on the second end face. For phase U, the series connection is achieved by connecting the second outer leg section 9b of the first current path of the second type 32a to the first outer leg section 9a of the second current path of the second type 32b, and for phases V, W, the series connection is achieved by connecting the first outer leg section 9a of the second current path of the first type 14b to the second outer leg section 9b of the first current path of the first type 14a.

[0136] For the exemplary interconnection of the phases U, V, W as a star connection, it is provided that in phase U the first outer leg section 9a of the first current path of the second type 32a is connected to the phase connection 16u, and in the phases V, W the second outer leg section 9b of the second current path of the first type 14b is connected to one of the phase connections 16v, 16w. The second outer leg section 9b of the second current path of the second type 32b of the phase U, the first outer leg section 9a of the first current path of the first type 14a of the phase V, and the first outer leg section 9a of the first current path of the first type 14a of the phase W are interconnected to form the star point 17.

[0137] Fig. 18, Fig. 19 and Fig. 20 are each a winding diagram of one of the phases U, V, W of the stator winding 7 according to the fifth embodiment, wherein Fig. 18 shows the phase U, Fig. 19 shows the phase V and Fig. 20 shows the phase W. According to the fifth embodiment, each slot 6 is radially subdivided into L = 6 layers 20a to 20f, namely a first layer 20a, a second layer 20b, a third layer 20c, a fourth layer 20d, a fifth layer 20e and a sixth layer 20f. Each groove 6 is accordingly further subdivided into L / 2 = 3 double layers 21a to 21c, wherein the first double layer 21a comprises the first layer 20a and the second layer 20b, the second double layer 21b comprises the third layer 20c and the fourth layer 20d, and the third double layer 21c comprises the fifth layer 20e and the sixth layer 20f. Accordingly, according to the fifth embodiment, 288 receiving locations are provided.

[0138] As can be seen from Fig. 17 to Fig. 20, the first and second outer leg sections 9a, 9b connected to the phase terminals 16u, 16v, 16w and to the star point 17 are arranged in six winding zones of the strands U, V, W which follow one another directly along the second circumferential direction 19b.

[0139] According to the fifth exemplary embodiment, the leg sections 9, 9a, 9c of the first current path section 15a of the first type current paths 14a, 14b and the second type current paths 32a, 32b occupy a different number of winding zones 23a to 23h for each phase U, V, W. For phase U, the leg sections 9, 9a, 9b of the first current path section 15a of a respective second type current path 32a, 32b occupy seven winding zones 23a, 23c to 23h. For phase V, the leg sections 9, 9a, 9b of the first current path section 15a of a respective first type current path 14a, 14b occupy five winding zones. In the phase W, the leg sections 9, 9a, 9b of the first current path section 15a of a respective current path of the first type 14a, 14b occupy three winding zones.

[0140] According to the fifth exemplary embodiment, the leg sections 9, 9d, 9e of the second current path section 15b of each of the first type current paths 14a, 14b and the second type current paths 32a, 32b occupy all winding zones 23a to 23h of the corresponding phase U, V, W once. The leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c of each of the first type current paths 14a, 14b and the second type current paths 32a, 32b occupy each winding zone of the corresponding phase U, V, W once in each double layer 21b, 21c, except for the double layer 21a, which includes the reference layer RL1, RL2. In the double layer 21 a, which comprises the reference layer RL1, RL2, the leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section 15c occupy a number of winding zones which corresponds to the number of winding zones 23a to 23h of a respective strand U, V, W less the number of winding zones occupied by the leg sections 9, 9a, 9c of the first current path section 15a.Accordingly, in phase U, the leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section of a respective second-type current path 32a, 32b occupy one winding zone 23b. In phase V, the leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section of a respective first-type current path 14a, 14b occupy three winding zones. In phase W, the leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section of a respective first-type current path 14a, 14b occupy five winding zones.

[0141] According to the fifth embodiment, it is also provided that the leg sections 9, 9a, 9c, 9d, 9e of the first and second current path sections 15a, 15b of a respective first current path 14a, 32a are arranged in the same partial winding zone, here in the first partial winding zone 24a. The leg sections 9, 9b, 9f of the third current path section of a respective first current path 14a, 32a are arranged in a different partial winding zone, here in the second partial winding zone 24b.

[0142] For all current paths 14a, 14b, 32a, 32b of a respective phase U, V, W, the last leg section 9c of the first current path section 15a and the first leg section 9d of the second current path section 15b are spaced apart by Nq = 6 slots. For phase U, the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b and the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c are spaced apart by N-q+1 = 7 slots for the first current path of the second type 32a and by Nq-1 = 5 slots for the second current path of the second type 32b. For the strands V, W, the last leg section 9e of the second current path section 15b and the first leg section 9f of the third current path section 15c are spaced apart by Nq-1 = 5 slots for the first current path of the first type 14a and by N-q+1 = 7 slots for the second current path of the first type 14b. The outer leg sections 9a, 9b of the first current paths 14a, 32a of a respective strand U, V, W are spaced apart by Nq-1 = 5 slots.The outer leg sections 9a, 9b of the second current paths 14b, 32b of a respective strand U, V, W are spaced apart by N-q+1 = 7 grooves.

[0143] According to further embodiments, which otherwise correspond to the first or third to fifth embodiments, the stator winding 7 is arranged in accordance with the second embodiment.

[0144] According to further embodiments, the number of layers can also be greater or less than six or eight. The number of layers can be, for example, two, four, or ten. In addition, the number of grooves can also be greater than 48. It is, in particular, an integer multiple of 2-Nq. Likewise, the number of strands can be greater or less than three, in particular two, four, or six.

[0145] According to further embodiments which correspond to the aforementioned embodiments, the strands U, V, W are not connected to one another as a star connection, but as a delta connection.

[0146] Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle 100 with an embodiment of an electric machine 101.

[0147] The electric machine 101, for example a permanent or electrically excited synchronous motor or an asynchronous motor, has a stator 1 according to one of the previously described exemplary embodiments and a rotor 102. The rotor 102 is rotatably mounted with respect to the stator 1. The vehicle 100 further has wheels 103. The electric machine 101 is configured to drive at least one of the wheels 103 indirectly, for example via a transmission (not shown), or directly, for example in the form of a wheel hub motor. The vehicle 100 can further have an axle (not shown) coupled to the wheel 103, which axle drives the electric machine 101 of the vehicle 101 directly or indirectly.

[0148] Vehicle 100 is a battery electric vehicle (BEV), a fuel cell-powered vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle. In the latter case, vehicle 100 further includes an internal combustion engine (not shown).

Claims

Patent claims 1 . Stator (1) for an electrical machine (101), comprising a stator core (2) which has a longitudinal axis (3), a first end face (4), a second end face (5) opposite the first end face (4) and a plurality of slots (6) extending from the first end face (4) to the second end face (5), and a stator winding (7) which has a number N of strands (U, V, W), where N > 2, wherein a first circumferential direction (19a) and a second circumferential direction (19b) opposite the first circumferential direction (19a) are defined with respect to the longitudinal axis (3), wherein each strand (U, V, W) is formed by shaped conductors (8, 8a-c) which have leg sections (9, 9a-f) arranged within the slots (6) and connecting sections (10, 11) which each connect two of the leg sections (9, 9a-f) on the end faces (4, 5) electrically conductively interconnect, whereby - the grooves (6) for each strand (U, V,W) form a plurality of winding zones (23a-h) and each slot (6) is radially subdivided into first to L-th layers (20a-h), which are named according to their sequence in the radial direction, and L / 2 double layers (21 ad) of radially immediately adjacent layers (20a-h), where L > 2 and is straight, where the stator winding (7) for each phase (U, V, W) has at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b), which is formed from a plurality of the leg sections (9, 9a-f) and a plurality of connecting sections (10, 11) connecting the leg sections (9, 9a-f) to form a series circuit, where the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) has a first outer leg section with respect to the series circuit (9a) and a second outer leg portion (9b) opposite the first outer leg portion (9a) with respect to the series connection, wherein the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a,33b) a first current path section (15a) comprising the first outer leg section, which comprises one leg section (9, 9a, 9c) or several leg sections (9, 9a, 9c) arranged one above the other with respect to the series connection, successive leg sections (9, 9a, 9c), and a second current path section (15b) and a third current path section (15b), each comprising a plurality of leg sections (9, 9b, 9d-f) successive with respect to the series connection, wherein a last of the leg sections (9c) of the first current path section (15a) is connected directly to a first of the leg sections (9d) of the second current path section (15b) by means of one of the connecting sections (10) and a last of the leg sections (9e) of the second current path section (15b) is connected directly to a first of the leg sections (9f) of the third current path section (15c) by means of one of the connecting sections (10), wherein the last leg section (9c) of the first current path section (15a) and the first current path section (9d) of the second current path section (15b) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) in a reference position (RL1, RL2, RL3),which is one of the first layer (20a) and the L-th layer (20f, 20h), and the last leg section (9e) of the second current path section (15b) and the first leg section (9f) of the third current path section (15c) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) are arranged in the other of the first layer (20a) and the L-th layer (20f, 20h), wherein the outer leg sections (9a, 9b) of the at least one current path are arranged in the double layer (20a, 20c, 20d) comprising the reference layer (RL1, RL2, RL3), wherein the leg sections (9, 9d, 9e) of the second current path section (15b) form immediately adjacent winding zones (23a-h) of the same strand (U, V, W) from the first (9d) to the last leg section (9e) of the second current path section (15b) along one of the circumferential directions (19a, 19b) as a reference direction (RR1, RR2, RR3) and the leg sections (9, 9b,9f) of the third current path section (15c) occupy immediately adjacent winding zones (23a-h) of the same strand (U, V, W) from the first leg section (9f) of the third current path section along the circumferential direction (19a, 19b) opposite to the reference direction (RR1, RR2, RR3), wherein, a current path is designed as a current path of the first type (14a), in which the reference position (RL1) is the first position (20a) and the reference direction (RR1) is the first circumferential direction (19a).

2. Stator according to claim 1, wherein the last leg section (9c) of the first current path section (15a) and the first leg section (9d) of the second current path section (15b) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) are formed by the same shaped conductor (8b, 8c) and / or the last leg section (9e) of the second current path section (15b) and the first leg section (9f) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) of the third current path section (15c) are formed by the same shaped conductor (8b, 8c).

3. Stator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the leg section (9, 9a, 9c) or the leg sections (9, 9a, 9c) of the first current path section (15a) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) occupies or occupy only the double layer (21a, 21c, 21d) comprising the reference layer (RL1, RL2, RL3) and / or the leg sections (9, 9d, 9e) of the second current path section (15b) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) occupy each double layer (21ad) and / or the leg sections (9, 9b, 9f) of the third current path section (15c) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) occupy each double layer (21 ad) and / or - the plurality of leg sections (9, 9a, 9c) of the first current path section (15a) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) which are successive with respect to the series connection occupy immediately adjacent winding zones (23a-h) of the same strand (U, V, W) along the circumferential direction (19a, 19b) opposite the reference direction (RR1, RR2, RR3).

4. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer leg sections (9a, 9b) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) are arranged in immediately adjacent winding zones (23a-h) of the same strand (U, V, W) and / or in different layers (20a, 20b, 20e-h) of the same double layer (21a, 21c, 21d).

5. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the current path of the first type (14a), the first leg section (9d) of the second current path section (15b) follows the last leg section (9c) of the first current path section (15a) along the second circumferential direction (19b) and / or the first leg section (9f) of the third current path section (15c) follows the last leg section (9e) of the second current path section (15b) along the first circumferential direction (19a) or the first leg section (9d) of the second current path section (15b) follows the last leg section (9c) of the first current path section (15a) along the first circumferential direction (19a) and / or the first leg section (9f) of the third current path section (15c) follows the last leg section (19e) of the second current path section (15b) along the second circumferential direction (19b).

6. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one current path is designed as a second current path of the first type (14b), wherein the outer leg sections (9a, 9b) of the current paths of the first type (14a, 14b) are arranged in the same winding zones (23b, 23c).

7. Stator according to claim 6, wherein one of the outer leg portions (9a, 9b) of the first current path of the first type (14a) is connected in series with one of the outer leg portions (9a, 9b) of the second current path of the first type (14b) or the first current path of the first type (14a) and the second current path of the first type (14b) are connected in parallel.

8. Stator according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the leg sections (9, 9a-f) of the first current path of the first type (14a) and of the second current path of the first type (14b) occupy each layer (20a-f) in all winding zones (23a-h) of the same phase (U, V, W) and / or the leg sections (9, 9a-f) of the second current path section (15b) of a respective one of the current paths of the first type (14a, 14b) in each double layer (21a-d) occupy all winding zones (23a-h) of the same phase (U, V, W) and / or the number of leg sections (9, 9a-c) of the first and third current path sections (15a, 15c) of a respective one of the current paths of the first type (14a, 14b) arranged in the double layer (21a) comprising the reference layer (RL1) corresponds to the number of winding zones (23a-h) of one of the strands (U, V, W).

9. Stator according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a current path is designed as a current path of the second type (32a), in which the reference position (RL2) is the first position (20a) and the reference direction (RR2) is the first circumferential direction (19a) and the first leg section (9d) of the second current path section (15b) follows the last leg section (9c) of the first current path section (15a) in the opposite circumferential direction (19a, 19b) to the current path of the first type (14a) and / or the first leg section (9f) of the third current path section (15c) follows the first leg section (15d) of the second current path section (15b) in the opposite circumferential direction (19a, 19b) to the current path of the first type (14a).

10. Stator according to claim 9, when dependent on claim 6, wherein one current path is designed as a second current path of the second type (32b) and each phase (U, V, W) has first and second current paths of the first type (14a, 14b) and first and second current paths of the second type (32a, 32b) or a part of the phases (V, W) has first and second current paths of the first type (14a, 14b) and a part of the phases (U) has first and second current paths of the second type (32a, 32b). 1 1. Stator according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a current path is designed as a third type current path (33a), in which the reference position (RL3) is the L-th (20h) and the reference direction (RR3) is the second circumferential direction (19b).

12. Stator according to claim 11, wherein in the current path of the third type (33a) the first leg section (9d) of the second current path section (15b) follows the last leg section (9c) of the first current path section (15a) along the same circumferential direction (19a, 19b) as in the current path of the first type (14a) and / or the first leg section (9f) of the third current path section (15c) follows the last leg section (9e) of the second current path section (15b) in the same circumferential direction (19a, 19b) as in the current path of the first type (14a) and / or - the outer leg sections (9a, 9b) are arranged in the same winding zones (23b, 23c) as in the current path of the first type (14a).

13. Stator according to one of claims 1 1 or 12, wherein a current path is designed as a second current path of the third type (33b), wherein the outer leg sections (9a, 9b) of the current paths of the third type (33a, 33b) are arranged in the same winding zones (23b, 23c) and / or in some of the phases (U, W) the number of leg sections (9, 9a, 9c) of the first current path section (15a) of the current paths of the first type (14a, 14b) and of the current path of the third type (33a, 33b) differs from that number in another part of the phases (V).

14. Stator according to claims 10 to 13, wherein the current paths of the first type (14a, 14b) and the current paths of the second or third type (32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) occupy all winding zones (23a-h) of the same phase (U, V, W) and / or the leg sections of the second current path section (15b) of a respective one of the current paths of the first type (14a, 14b) and of a respective one of the current paths of the second or third type (32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) in each double layer (21 ad) occupy half of the winding zones (23a-h) and / or the number of leg sections (9, 9a to 9c) of the first and third current path sections (15a, 15c) of a respective one of the current paths of the first type (14a, 14b) and the current paths of the second or third type (32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) arranged in the double layer (21a, 21d) comprising the reference layer (RL1, RL2, RL3) corresponds to half the number of winding zones (23a-h) of one of the strands (U, V, W).

15. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each shaped conductor (8, 8a-c) forms two of the leg sections (9, 9a-f) and one of the connecting sections (10) provided on the first end face (4) in one piece, and the connecting sections (11) provided on the second end face (5) are formed by electrically conductive and mechanical, in particular materially bonding, connection of two of the shaped conductors (8, 8a-c), wherein a respective outer leg section (9a, 9b) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) is connected to the leg section (9, 9d) directly connected to it by the series connection by one of the connecting sections (10) provided on the first end face (4) and / or the last leg section (9c) of the first current path section (15a) and the first leg section (9d) of the second current path section (15b) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a,33b) are connected by one of the connecting sections (10) provided on the first end face (4) and / or the last leg section (9e) of the second current path section (15b) and the first leg section (9f) of the third current path section (15c) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) are connected by one of the connecting sections (10) provided on the first end face (4) and / or - the stator (1) further comprises a connecting device (18) which contacts at least some of the outer shaped conductors (9a, 9b) of the at least one current path (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) of a respective phase (U, V, W) for feeding in a multi-phase alternating voltage at the second end face (5) and / or, - a pair of first and last leg sections (9c-f) of different current paths (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) arranged in the same winding zones (23a-h) and in the same layer (20a, 20h), a shaped conductor arrangement (26a) from a first of the shaped conductors (8b), the leg sections (9, 9c-f) of which are spaced apart by a predetermined number of slots (6), and a second of the shaped conductors (8b), the leg sections (9, 9c-f) of which are spaced apart by a number of slots (6) that is less than the predetermined number, wherein the connecting section (10) of the second shaped conductor (8b) provided on the first end face (4) is arranged axially between the stator core (2) and the connecting section (10) of the first shaped conductor (8b) provided on the first end face (4), and / or - a pair of first and last leg sections (9, 9c-f) of different current paths (14a, 14b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33b) arranged in the same winding zones (23a-h) and in the same layer (20a, 20h), a shaped conductor arrangement (26b) is formed from a first of the shaped conductors (8c), the leg sections (9, 9c-f) of which are spaced apart by a predetermined number of slots (6), and a second of the shaped conductors (8c), the leg sections (9, 9c-f) of which are spaced apart by a number of slots (6) which is less than the predetermined number, wherein the shaped conductors (8c) of the shaped conductor arrangement (26b) each have two oblique sections (28), which each adjoin one of the leg sections (9, 9c, f) and in the axial direction pointing away from the stator core (2) and in the circumferential direction (19a, 19b), wherein an axial section (29) adjoins a respective oblique section (28),which extends further axially away from the stator core (2) than the connecting sections (10) formed by the remaining shaped conductors (8, 8a, 8b), wherein a respective axial section (29) is followed by a radial section (30) which covers the remaining shaped conductors (8, 8a, 8b), and the radial sections (30) are connected by a web section (31) which extends along the remaining shaped conductors (8, 8a, 8b) in the circumferential direction (19a, 19b), wherein the connecting section (10) of the first shaped conductor (8c) frames the connecting section (10) of the second shaped conductor (8c).

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