Soil opener
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2023841035
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-12-21
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing soil openers fail to efficiently cut and loosen soil while minimizing disruption, and they often lack effective mechanisms for controlled lateral ejection of seeds and fertilizers.
A soil opener with a rotating disc and a fixed blade, where the disc is set at compound angles to create a leading upwardly-inclined and trailing downwardly-inclined surface, and a delivery tube with an exit aperture positioned adjacent to the fixed blade, allowing for controlled lateral ejection of materials, and optionally a barrier to restrict lateral displacement.
This design allows for efficient soil cutting and loosening with minimal disruption, enabling controlled lateral deposition of seeds and fertilizers, improving soil preparation and seed/fertilizer placement.
Smart Images
Figure 1.1
Abstract
Description
[0001] TITLE: SOIL OPENER
[0002] DESCRIPTION
[0003] The present invention relates to apparatus for parting soil for placing seed and / or other agricultural products (e.g. fertilizer) in the ground, also known as ‘soil opening’.
[0004] US 5609114 (Barton) discloses a soil opening tool assembly for use with an agricultural implement intended to be moved in a specified line of travel and comprising a first generally upright rotating disc configured to penetrate into the soil to a first depth below the soil surface. The disc is set at a first horizontal angle to the line of travel to provide a leading surface and a trailing surface relative to the direction of travel, the leading surface corresponding to a soil displacement side and the trailing surface corresponding to a furrow creation side. The disc is also set at a first angle to the vertical whereby a top of said disk is inclined generally toward said trailing surface. In one particular embodiment, a disc is toed in 8° horizontally from the line of travel and leans inwards 23° to the vertical. According to US 5609114, the combined effect of these two angles is that the soil is undercut, lifted and moved by a small amount horizontally (towards the soil displacement side), creating an angled furrow on the furrow creation side into which seed and / or fertilizer is dispensed. The displaced soil exerts a sideways reaction force on the disc which is transmitted via a rigid connection to the frame of the agricultural implement. An additional disc is also disclosed that engages the soil at a point behind the first disc in the direction of travel to cut a second furrow.
[0005] US 6067918 (Kirby) shows a similar arrangement comprising a first generally upright rotating disc configured to penetrate into the soil to a first depth below the soil surface to create a furrow. A so-called ‘finger wheel’ is also provided to move portions of soil displaced by the disc back over the furrow. To this end, the finger wheel does not penetrate the soil in the manner of the first disc but is instead pivotally attached to a frame and is free to move up and down as it rides on the ground.
[0006] The present applicant has identified the need for an improved soil opener that overcomes or at least alleviates problem associated with the prior art.
[0007] In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a soil opener for driving through soil in a direction of travel (D), the soil opener comprising: a support; and a soil opener unit mounted on the support, wherein the soil opener unit comprises: first and second soil-cutting members; and a delivery tube with an exit aperture for releasing material to be deposited in the soil (e.g. seed and / or agricultural products such as fertilizer); wherein: the first soil-cutting member comprises a rotating disc having a first soil-engaging surface inclined: at a first angle (H) to a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G) when viewed along the direction of travel (D), the first angle (H) being greater than zero; and at a second angle (J) to the direction of travel (D) when viewed along a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G), the second angle (J) being greater than zero, whereby the rotating disc defines a leading upwardly-inclined face defining a leading side of the rotating disc (e.g. associated with a soil displacement side) and a trailing downwardly-inclined face defining a trailing side of the rotating disc (e.g. associated with a furrow side) relative to the direction of travel (D); and the second soil-cutting member comprises a fixed blade defining a second soil-engaging surface; wherein: the second soilengaging surface comprises a soil lifting surface projecting laterally relative to the first soilcutting member; and the exit aperture of the delivery tube is provided adjacent a rear part of the soil lifting surface; wherein: the delivery tube is configured to eject material laterally from the exit aperture; and / or the soil opener unit further comprises a barrier spaced laterally from the exit aperture and configured to restrict lateral displacement of material ejected by the exit aperture (e.g. to restrict lateral displacement of material ejected by the exit aperture to a predetermined maximum distance from the exit aperture).
[0008] In this way, a soil opener is provided in which soil is lifted in parallel to the action of the rotating disc and in which material may be ejected in a controlled manner laterally (e.g. ejected in a substantially lateral direction, that is to say a direction with a substantial lateral component (e.g. lateral component substantially equal to or greater than the vertical (e.g. downward) component)).
[0009] In one embodiment, the first soil-cutting member is a leading soil-cutting member and the second soil-cutting member is a trailing soil-cutting member.
[0010] In this way, a soil opener is provided in which a leading rotating cutter set at a compound angle operates to cut and loosen soil and a trailing fixed blade operates to lift an upper section of soil to allow material to be deposited beneath the lifted section of soil. Advantageously, this two-stage procedure gains the benefits of rotary and fixed cutters with minimum soil disruption.
[0011] In one embodiment, the fixed blade is positioned rearwardly of an axis of rotation of the rotating disc relative to the direction of travel (D).
[0012] In one embodiment, the fixed blade is located on the leading side of the rotating disc. In this way, the fixed blade is positioned to lift soil on the soil displacement side of the rotating disc (i.e. lift a section of soil including soil that has been laterally displaced by the rotating disc).
[0013] In one embodiment, the delivery tube is laterally offset relative to the fixed blade.
[0014] In one embodiment, the delivery tube is located substantially behind an outer envelope of the rotating disc.
[0015] In one embodiment, the delivery tube is oriented substantially parallel to the first soilengaging surface.
[0016] In one embodiment, the delivery tube is provided on the trailing side of the rotary disc.
[0017] In one embodiment, the fixed blade is positioned in advance of the exit aperture (e.g. in advance of the delivery tube) relative to the direction of travel (D).
[0018] In one embodiment, the delivery tube comprises an upper body section (e.g. upper end section) for connection to a delivery hose and a lower body section (e.g. lower end section) defining the exit aperture.
[0019] In one embodiment, the lower body section is configured to eject material laterally from the exit aperture.
[0020] In one embodiment, the lower body section is a coulter end section configured to be driven through the soil.
[0021] In on embodiment, the lower body section is configured to deflect material received from the upper body section and direct the deflected material through the exit aperture.
[0022] In one embodiment, the lower body section is inclined (e.g. laterally inclined) relative to the upper body section.
[0023] In one embodiment, at the location of the exit aperture the lower body section is inclined by a delivery angle (P) to a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G), wherein delivery angle (P) lies in the range of about 50-80 degrees.
[0024] In one embodiment, delivery angle (P) lies in the range of about 60-70 degrees. In one embodiment, delivery angle (P) is substantially 65 degrees.
[0025] In one embodiment, the lower body section has a curved profile.
[0026] In one embodiment, the exit aperture is a substantially laterally facing exit aperture.
[0027] In one embodiment, the barrier is a longitudinally extending barrier plate.
[0028] In one embodiment, the barrier plate defines a barrier surface substantially aligned with a laterally outermost end (e.g. edge) of the fixed blade.
[0029] In one embodiment, the barrier surface extends rearwardly relative to the fixed blade.
[0030] In one embodiment, the barrier surface has a greater vertical height than the fixed blade (e.g. extends above and / or below the fixed blade).
[0031] In one embodiment, the barrier plate is supported by the fixed blade.
[0032] In one embodiment, the barrier plate extends rearwardly from the fixed blade.
[0033] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the delivery tube has a lateral width (e.g. when viewed along the direction of travel (D)) that is substantially equal to or less than the visible width of the rotating disc when viewed along the direction of travel (D).
[0034] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the delivery tube (e.g. including the exit aperture) is partially or substantially concealed from view by the rotating disc when viewed along the direction of travel (D) from the front.
[0035] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the delivery tube has a lateral width when viewed along the direction of travel (D) that is smaller than the length of the lower body section in the direction of travel (D).
[0036] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the delivery tube is substantially rectangular in cross section (e.g. with the shortest sides facing the direction of travel (D)).
[0037] In one embodiment, each of the upper and lower body sections of the delivery tube are partially or substantially concealed from view by the rotating disc when viewed along the direction of travel (D) from the front.
[0038] In one embodiment, the soil lifting surface sits outside the circumference of the first soilengaging member when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0039] In one embodiment, the exit aperture of the delivery tube sits outside the circumference of the first soil-engaging member when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0040] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the delivery tube sits outside the circumference of the first soil-engaging member when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0041] In one embodiment, the first angle (H) is greater than the second angle (J).
[0042] In one embodiment, the first angle (H) lies in the range of about 5 to about 30 degrees.
[0043] In one embodiment, the first angle (H) is about 20 degrees.
[0044] In one embodiment, the second angle (J) lies in the range of about 2-15 degrees.
[0045] In one embodiment, the second angle (J) lies is about 5 degrees.
[0046] In one embodiment, the first and second soil-cutting members are configured to penetrate the soil to substantially the same depth below the soil surface (G).
[0047] In one embodiment, the first soil-engaging surface is configured to penetrate into the soil to a first depth (e.g. first maximum depth) below the soil surface (G).
[0048] In one embodiment, the soil lifting surface is configured to penetrate into the soil to a second depth (e.g. second maximum depth) below the soil surface (G).
[0049] In one embodiment, the second depth is less than the first depth.
[0050] In one embodiment, the soil lifting surface extends at a third angle (K) relative to the soil surface (G).
[0051] In one embodiment, the third angle (K) lies in the range of about 0-45 degrees (e.g. 0- 30 degrees).
[0052] In one embodiment, the third angle (K) is about 15 degrees.
[0053] In one embodiment, the third angle (K) is about 10 degrees.
[0054] In one embodiment, the fixed blade defines leading and trailing fixed blade edges.
[0055] In one embodiment, the leading fixed blade edge projects substantially parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0056] In one embodiment, the trailing fixed blade edge projects substantially parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0057] In one embodiment, the soil lifting surface comprises a substantially planar blade surface extending between the leading and trailing fixed blade edges.
[0058] In one embodiment, the fixed blade is a substantially planar fixed blade.
[0059] In one embodiment, the leading fixed blade edge of the fixed blade is swept back relative to the direction of travel (D) by a fourth angle (L).
[0060] In one embodiment, the fourth angle (L) is in the range of about 0-60 degrees.
[0061] In one embodiment, the fourth angle (L) is in the range of about 30-60 degrees.
[0062] In one embodiment, the fourth angle (L) is about 45 degrees.
[0063] In one embodiment, the fourth angle (L) is in the range of about 0-45 degrees (e.g. 0-30 degrees).
[0064] In one embodiment, the fourth angle (L) is about 10 degrees.
[0065] In one embodiment, the trailing fixed blade edge of the fixed blade is swept back relative to the direction of travel (D) by a fifth angle “M”.
[0066] In one embodiment, the fifth angle (M) is in the range of about 0-60 degrees.
[0067] In one embodiment, the fifth angle (M) is in the range of about 30-60 degrees.
[0068] In one embodiment, the fifth angle (M) is about 45 degrees.
[0069] In one embodiment, the fifth angle (M) is in the range of about 0-45 degrees (e.g. 0-30 degrees).
[0070] In one embodiment, the fifth angle (M) is about 10 degrees.
[0071] In one embodiment, the fifth angle (M) equals the value of the fourth angle (L).
[0072] In one embodiment, the rotary disc is positioned in advance of the exit aperture relative to the direction of travel (D).
[0073] In one embodiment, the trailing exit aperture is positioned adjacent the rear fixed blade edge.
[0074] In one embodiment, the fixed blade projects laterally from the exit aperture when viewed along the direction of travel (D).
[0075] In one embodiment, the leading fixed blade edge is positioned rearwardly of the axis of rotation of the rotating disc relative to the direction of travel (D).
[0076] In one embodiment, the rotating disc is mounted to a rotating disc connecting bracket.
[0077] In one embodiment, the fixed blade is mounted to a fixed blade connecting bracket.
[0078] In one embodiment, the fixed blade connecting bracket is mounted to the rotating disc connecting bracket. In another embodiment, the fixed blade connecting bracket may be integrally formed with the rotating disc connecting bracket.
[0079] In one embodiment, the delivery tube is mounted to the fixed blade connecting bracket.
[0080] In one embodiment, the rotating disc connecting bracket supports a rotating disc bearing.
[0081] In one embodiment, the rotating disc connecting bracket comprises an upper part (e.g. substantially vertical upper part) and a lower part supporting the rotating disc.
[0082] In one embodiment, the lower part defines a first planar support surface.
[0083] In one embodiment, the first planar support surface extends substantially parallel to the rotating disc (e.g. extending at substantially the first angle (H) to a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G) when viewed along the direction of travel (D) and at a second angle (J) to the direction of travel (D) when viewed along a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G)). In one embodiment, the rotating disc bearing is provided on the lower part.
[0084] In one embodiment, the fixed blade connecting bracket extends rearwardly of the rotating disc connecting bracket relative to the direction of travel (D).
[0085] In one embodiment, the fixed blade connecting bracket defines a second planar support surface.
[0086] In one embodiment, the second planar support surface extends substantially parallel to the first planar support surface.
[0087] In one embodiment, the fixed blade connecting bracket includes a tapered lower section (e.g. reducing in longitudinal width with proximity to the fixed blade).
[0088] In one embodiment, the delivery tube is mounted to a rear section (e.g. rear edge) of the fixed blade connecting bracket.
[0089] In one embodiment, the exit aperture is positioned immediately behind the rear edge of the fixed blade when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0090] In one embodiment, the soil opener further comprises a second delivery tube with a second exit aperture for releasing material to be deposited in the soil (e.g. a second material such as a fertilizer).
[0091] In one embodiment, the second delivery tube is provided in advance of the first-defined delivery tube.
[0092] In one embodiment, the second delivery tube extends deeper into the soil than the first- defined delivery tube.
[0093] In one embodiment, the second delivery tube is laterally offset relative to the fixed blade.
[0094] In one embodiment, the second delivery tube is provided adjacent a front part of the soil lifting surface.
[0095] In one embodiment, the second delivery tube is located substantially behind an outer envelope of the rotating disc.
[0096] In one embodiment, the second delivery tube is oriented substantially parallel to the first soil-engaging surface.
[0097] In one embodiment, the second delivery tube is provided on the trailing side of the rotary disc.
[0098] In one embodiment, the second delivery tube comprises an upper body section (e.g. upper end section) for connection to a second delivery hose and a lower body section (e.g. lower end section) defining the second exit aperture. In one embodiment, the lower body section is a coulter end section configured to be driven through the soil.
[0099] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the second delivery tube has a lateral width (e.g. when viewed along the direction of travel (D)) that is substantially equal to or less than the visible width of the rotating disc when viewed along the direction of travel (D).
[0100] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the second delivery tube (e.g. including the exit aperture) is partially or substantially concealed from view by the rotating disc when viewed along the direction of travel (D) from the front.
[0101] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the second delivery tube has a lateral width when viewed along the direction of travel (D) that is smaller than the length of the lower body section in the direction of travel (D).
[0102] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the second delivery tube is substantially rectangular in cross section (e.g. with the shortest sides facing the direction of travel (D)).
[0103] In one embodiment, each of the upper and lower body sections of the second delivery tube are partially or substantially concealed from view by the rotating disc when viewed along the direction of travel (D) from the front.
[0104] In one embodiment, the exit aperture of the second delivery tube sits inside the circumference of the first soil-engaging member when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0105] In one embodiment, the exit aperture of the second delivery tube sits outside the circumference of the first soil-engaging member when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0106] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the second delivery tube sits inside the circumference of the first soil-engaging member when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0107] In one embodiment, the lower body section of the second delivery tube sits outside the circumference of the first soil-engaging member when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0108] In one embodiment, the second delivery tube is mounted to the fixed blade connecting bracket.
[0109] In one embodiment, the rotary axis of the rotary disc is positioned in advance of the exit aperture of the second delivery tube relative to the direction of travel (D). In one embodiment, the exit aperture of the second delivery tube is positioned immediately behind a central ground-engaging part of the rotary disc when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0110] In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a trailing arm assembly mounted to the support and operative to allow the soil opener unit to follow ground contour variations.
[0111] In one embodiment, the trailing arm assembly is operative to maintain a predetermined orientation of the soil opener unit relative to the ground. For example, the trailing arm assembly may comprise a parallel linkage assembly.
[0112] In one embodiment, the apparatus is biased to maintain a downward force on soil opener unit (e.g. to maintain suitable ground pressure). The biasing action may be provided by one or more of a spring bias device, a hydraulic bias device, and a pressurised air bias device.
[0113] In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a soil opener for driving through soil in a direction of travel (D), the soil opener comprising: a support; and first and second soil opener units mounted on the support on opposed sides of a central axis; wherein the first the soil opener unit comprises: first and second soil-cutting members; and a first delivery tube with a first exit aperture for releasing material to be deposited in the soil; wherein: the first soil-cutting member comprises a first rotating disc having a first soil-engaging surface inclined in a first direction: at a first angle (H) to a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G) when viewed along the direction of travel (D), the first angle (H) being greater than zero; and at a second angle (J) to the direction of travel (D) when viewed along a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G), the second angle (J) being greater than zero, whereby the first rotating disc defines a first leading upwardly-inclined face defining a leading side of the first rotating disc (e.g. associated with a soil displacement side of the first rotating disc) and a first trailing downwardly- inclined face defining a trailing side of the first rotating disc (e.g. associated with a furrow side of the first rotating disc) relative to the direction of travel (D); and the second soil-cutting member comprises a first fixed blade defining a second soil-engaging surface; wherein: the second soil-engaging surface comprises a first soil lifting surface projecting laterally relative to the first soil-cutting member; and the first exit aperture of the first delivery tube is provided adjacent a rear part of the first soil lifting surface; and wherein second the soil opener unit comprises: third and fourth soil-cutting members; and a second delivery tube with a second exit aperture for releasing material to be deposited in the soil; wherein: the third soilcutting member comprises a second rotating disc having a third soil-engaging surface inclined in a second direction (e.g. opposed to the first direction): at a first angle (FT) to a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G) when viewed along the direction of travel (D), the first angle (H’) being greater than zero; and at a second angle (J’) to the direction of travel (D) when viewed along a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G), the second angle (J’) being greater than zero, whereby the second rotating disc defines a second leading upwardly-inclined face defining a leading side of the second rotating disc (e.g. associated with a soil displacement side of the second rotating disc) and a second trailing downwardly- inclined face defining a trailing side of the second rotating disc (e.g. associated with a furrow side of the second rotating disc) relative to the direction of travel (D); and the fourth soil-cutting member comprises a second fixed blade defining a fourth soil-engaging surface; wherein: the fourth soil-engaging surface comprises a second soil lifting surface projecting laterally relative to the third soil-cutting member; and the second exit aperture of the second delivery tube is provided adjacent a rear part of the second soil lifting surface; wherein: the first delivery tube is configured to eject material laterally from the first exit aperture; and / or the first soil opener unit further comprises a first barrier spaced laterally from the first exit aperture and configured to restrict lateral displacement of material ejected by the first exit aperture.
[0114] In one embodiment: the second delivery tube is configured to eject material laterally from the second exit aperture; and / or the second soil opener unit further comprises a second barrier spaced laterally from the second exit aperture and configured to restrict lateral displacement of material ejected by the second exit aperture
[0115] In one embodiment, the first fixed blade of the first soil opener unit is located on the leading side of the first rotating disc (e.g. projecting towards the central axis) and the second fixed blade of the second soil opener unit is located on the leading side of the second rotating disc (e.g. also projects toward the central axis, whereby the first and second fixed blades project towards each other).
[0116] In one embodiment, the first and second fixed blades have laterally outermost edges that are laterally adjacent when viewed along the direction of travel (D).
[0117] In one embodiment, the first and second soil opener units are longitudinally aligned. In this way, the first and second fixed blades may longitudinally aligned (e.g. in addition to being laterally adjacent when viewed along the direction of travel (D)).
[0118] In one embodiment, the first and second soil opener units are longitudinally offset (e.g. partially overlapping or substantially non-overlapping). In this way, the first and second fixed blades may be longitudinally non-overlapping (e.g. in addition to being laterally adjacent when viewed along the direction of travel (D)). In one embodiment, the first soil opener is a soil opener in accordance with any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention (e.g. with angles H, J, K, L and M where applicable).
[0119] In one embodiment, the second soil opener is a soil opener in accordance with any embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention (e.g. with angles H’, J’, K’, L’ and M’ where applicable).
[0120] In one embodiment, the value of angle H’ is equal to the value of angle H.
[0121] In one embodiment, the value of angle J’ is equal to the value of angle J.
[0122] In one embodiment, the value of angle K’ is equal to the value of angle K.
[0123] In one embodiment, the value of angle L’ is equal to the value of angle L.
[0124] In one embodiment, the value of angle M’ is equal to the value of angle M.
[0125] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
[0126] Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a soil opener assembly in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
[0127] Figure 2A is a schematic rear perspective view of a soil opener unit of the soil opener assembly of Figure 1 viewed along the direction of travel;
[0128] Figure 2B is a schematic top perspective view of the soil opener unit of Figure 2A;
[0129] Figure 2C is a schematic front view of the soil opener unit of Figure 2A viewed along the direction of travel;
[0130] Figure 2D is a schematic rear view of the soil opener unit of Figure 2A viewed along the direction of travel;
[0131] Figure 2E is a first schematic side view of the soil opening unit of Figure 2 A;
[0132] Figure 2F is a second schematic side view of the soil opening unit of Figure 2A;
[0133] Figure 3 A is a schematic rear perspective view of the soil opener unit of Figure 2A in use in the ground;
[0134] Figure 3B is a schematic rear view of the soil opener unit of Figure 2A in use in the ground;
[0135] Figure 3C is a schematic side view of the seeding tube and fixed blade parts of the soil opener unit of Figure 2 A in the ground;
[0136] Figure 4 is a schematic side view of a soil opener assembly in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention comprising a pair of soil opening units;
[0137] Figure 5 A is a schematic perspective top view of the pair of soil opening units of the soil opener assembly of Figure 4 in a longitudinally aligned configuration;
[0138] Figure 5B is a schematic rear view of the pair of seeding soil opening units of Figure 5A in the longitudinally aligned configuration in the ground;
[0139] Figure 6A is a schematic perspective top view of the pair of soil opening units of the soil opener assembly of Figure 4 in a longitudinally offset configuration;
[0140] Figure 6B is a schematic rear perspective view of the pair of seeding soil opening units of Figure 5 A longitudinally offset configuration in the ground;
[0141] Figure 7 is a schematic side view of a soil opener assembly in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention;
[0142] Figure 8A is a schematic rear perspective view of a soil opener unit of the soil opener assembly of Figure 7 viewed along the direction of travel;
[0143] Figure 8B is an alternative schematic perspective view of the soil opener unit of Figure 8A illustrating details of the primary and secondary delivery tubes;
[0144] Figure 8C is a schematic top perspective view of the soil opener unit of Figure 8A;
[0145] Figure 8D is a schematic front view of the soil opener unit of Figure 8A viewed along the direction of travel;
[0146] Figure 8E is a schematic rear view of the soil opener unit of Figure 8 A viewed along the direction of travel;
[0147] Figure 8F is a first schematic side view of the soil opening unit of Figure 8A;
[0148] Figure 8G is a second schematic side view of the soil opening unit of Figure 8 A;
[0149] Figure 9A is a schematic rear perspective view of the soil opener unit of Figure 8 A in use in the ground;
[0150] Figure 9B is a schematic top view of the soil opener unit of Figure 8A in use in the ground;
[0151] Figure 9C is a further schematic rear view of the soil opener unit of Figure 8A in use in the ground illustrating interaction with surface residue;
[0152] Figure 9D is a schematic rear perspective view of the soil opener unit of Figure 8A in use in the ground illustrating and
[0153] Figure 10A is a schematic rear perspective view of a first alternative soil opener unit for use in the soil opener assembly of Figure 7; and
[0154] Figure 1 OB is a schematic rear perspective view of a second alternative soil opener unit for use in the soil opener assembly of Figure 7.
[0155] Figure 1 shows a soil opener assembly 10 configured to be driven, typically towed, through a field in a direction of travel “D” by a cross-beam support 12 of a seed drill via a parallel linkage arrangement 20 comprising a frame fixing body 22 with hydraulic suspension ram 23 comprising upper and lower trailing arms 24A, 24B each articulated at one end to the cross-beam support 12 and at the other end to a carrier 26 operative to support an individual row unit frame. The soil opener assembly 10 includes a rear wheel 30 (for depth control / consolidation) mounted on a wheel support frame arm 32 which is connected to the carrier 26 and adjustable via an adjustment mechanism 34 mounted on the carrier together with a delivery hose 40 operative to supply seed and / or other agricultural products (e.g. fertiliser) into the ground, the delivery hose 40 being connected to a soil opener unit 100 mounted on a soil opener unit support frame arm 102.
[0156] As illustrated in Figures 2A-2F, soil opener unit 100 comprises: a first (leading) soilcutting member 110 mounted on an upper connecting bracket 120; a second (trailing) soilcutting member 130 mounted on a lower connecting bracket 140 connected in turn to the upper connecting bracket; and a delivery tube 150 with an exit aperture 152 for releasing material to be deposited in the soil.
[0157] First soil-cutting member 110 comprises a rotating disc 112 rotatable around a rotary axis “R” and defining a first soil-engaging surface 112A inclined: at a first angle (H) to a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G) when viewed along the direction of travel, the first angle (H) being greater than zero; and at a second angle (J) to the direction of travel when viewed along a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G), the second angle (J) being greater than zero but less than the first angle (H), whereby the rotating disc 112 defines a leading upwardly inclined face 112A defining a leading side 114A of the rotating disc (e.g. associated with a soil displacement side) and a trailing downwardly inclined face 112B defining a trailing side 114B of the rotating disc (e.g. associated with a furrow side) relative to the direction of travel (D). Together first angle (H) and second angle (J) form a compound angle for the rotating disc. Typically the first angle (H) lies in the range of about 5 to about 30 degrees and the second angle (J) lies in the range of about 2-15 degrees. In this illustrated embodiment, the first angle (H) is 20 degrees and the second angle (J) is 5 degrees.
[0158] Second soil-cutting member 130 comprises a fixed blade 132 located rearwardly of the rotary axis “R” and defining a second soil-engaging surface 132A comprises a soil lifting surface 134 projecting laterally relative to the first soil-cutting member 110 and the delivery tube 150, the fixed blade 132 being located on the leading side of the rotating disc 112. In this illustrated embodiment, the fixed blade projects approximately 40mm from the lower connecting bracket Upper connecting bracket 120 comprises a substantially vertical upper part 122 and a lower part 124. Lower part 124 defines a first planar support surface 124A that extends substantially parallel to the rotating disc 112 and includes a rotating disc bearing 126 to which rotating disc 112 is rotatably coupled.
[0159] Lower connecting bracket 140 extends rearwardly of upper connecting bracket 120 and defines a second planar support surface 140A extending substantially parallel to the first planar support surface 124A.
[0160] Lower connecting bracket 140 includes a tapered lower section 142 that reduces in longitudinal width with proximity to the fixed blade 132.
[0161] Delivery tube 150 is mounted to a rear section of lower connecting bracket 140. Delivery tube 150 comprises a substantially rectangular body 151 comprising an upper body section 151 A for connection to delivery hose 40 and a lower body section 15 IB defining the exit aperture 152. Rectangular body 151 has a width that is substantially equal to or less than the visible width of the rotating disc 112 when viewed along the direction of travel (D).
[0162] Optionally, the height of the lower connecting bracket 140 relative to the upper connecting bracket 120 may be alterable via a fixed blade adjustment mechanism.
[0163] Delivery tube 150 is mounted on the lower connecting bracket 140 and orientated such that the exit aperture 152 is provided adjacent and trailing a rear part of the soil lifting surface 134 closest to the lower connecting bracket 140 and angled to direct delivered material beneath the fixed blade 132.
[0164] As illustrated in Figure 2E, the first soil-engaging surface 112A is configured to penetrate into the soil to a first depth below the soil surface and the soil lifting surface 134 is configured to penetrate into the soil to a second depth below the soil surface that is less than the first depth.
[0165] Fixed blade 132 takes the form of a substantially planar fixed blade defining leading and trailing fixed blade edges 136A, 136B each projecting substantially parallel to the soil surface (G) and the soil- lifting surface 134 comprises a substantially planar blade surface extending a third angle (K) relative to the soil surface (G) between the leading and trailing fixed blade edges 136A, 136B. Typically, the third angle (K) lies in the range of about 0-45 degrees (e.g. 0-30 degrees). In this illustrated embodiment, the third angle (K) is in the range 10-20 degrees (e.g. approximately 15 degrees). As shown, leading fixed blade edge 136A includes a bevelled cutting edge 138. Leading and trailing fixed blade edges 136A, 136B are swept back relative to the direction of travel (D) by fourth and fifth angles (L) and (M) respectively. Typically the fourth angle (L) and fifth angle (M) are in the range of about 0-60 degrees (e.g. 0-30 degrees) and may be identical in value. In this illustrated embodiment, the fourth angle (L) and fifth angle (M) are each about 10-45 degrees (e.g. approximately 45 degrees).
[0166] As illustrated in Figure 2C, delivery tube 150 is laterally offset relative to the fixed blade 132 and is located substantially behind outer envelope of the rotating disc 112 such that delivery tube 150 is substantially concealed from view by the rotating disc 112 when viewed along the direction of travel (D) from the front.
[0167] With reference to Figure 2E, the fixed blade 132 and lower body section 15 IB of the delivery tube 150 each sit outside the circumference of the rotating disc 112 when viewed transversely to the direction of travel and parallel to the soil surface. Furthermore, fixed blade 132 is positioned in advance of the delivery tube 150 such that the exit aperture 152 is immediately behind the trailing fixed blade edge 136B of the fixed blade 132 when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0168] With reference to Figures 3A-3C, the rotating disc 112 is positioned in the direction of travel (D) to induce an initial cut into the soil which acts to slice through any surface residue and applies a downwards cutting action to the soil. The second angle (J) results in the angle of the leading cutting edge of the rotating disc being laterally offset relative to the rear edge which, in combination with the first angle (H), creates a lateral soil displacement action allowing the lower connecting bracket 140 and delivery tube 150 to flow behind the rotating disc 1 12 without causing significant soil disruption. The trailing fixed blade 132 is angled by third angle (K) to induce an upward inclination to the soil flowing over the upper soil-lifting surface 134, creating a void 200 underneath. This resulting soil- flow lift in conjunction with the leading lateral soil- flow lift generated by the rotating disc 112 allows seed and / or other agricultural products 210 (e.g. fertilizer) to be introduced into the soil via delivery hose 40 connected to delivery tube 150, with the exit aperture 152 being angled to deposit the seed / agri cultural products 210 across the entire lateral width of the combined void 200 created by the combination of the rotating blade and the fixed blade. Soil then returns to the surface position downstream of the exit aperture 152 at location 220 thereby closing void 200 and the returned soil is consolidated by wheel 30 in the normal manner.
[0169] In this way, a soil opener assembly is advantageously provided in which a leading rotating cutter set at a compound angle operates to cut and loosen soil and a trailing fixed blade operates to lift an upper section of soil (including loosened soil laterally displaced by the leading rotating cutter into the path of the fixed blade) to allow seed / agricultural products to be deposited beneath the lifted section of soil. Advantageously, this two stage procedure gains the benefits of rotary and fixed cutters with minimum soil disruption.
[0170] Figure 4 shows a soil opener assembly 10’ in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention based on the soil opener assembly 10 of Figure 1 including laterally spaced first and second soil opener units 100’, 100” instead of a single soil opener unit 100 (features in common are labelled accordingly).
[0171] As illustrated in Figures 5A and 5B, the first and second soil opener units are mounted via soil opener unit support frame arm 102’ on opposed sides of a central axis “C” to the first- defined soil opener unit, with first soil opener unit 100’ corresponding exactly to soil opener unit 100 and second soil opener unit 100” being angled to provide a mirror image of first soil opener unit 100’ relative to the central axis “C” whereby the leading sides 114A’, 114A” of the rotating discs 112’, 112” are facing one another and laterally projecting fixed blades 132’, 132” meet in close proximity at the central axis.
[0172] In the arrangement of Figures 5A and 5B, the first and second soil opener units 100’, 100” are longitudinally aligned. However, in another embodiment (see Figures 6A and 6B), the first and second soil opener units 100’, 100” may be longitudinally offset such that laterally projecting fixed blades 132’, 132” are longitudinally non-overlapping.
[0173] For completeness, although laterally projecting fixed blades 132’, 132” are shown as discrete parts, a single blade part could replace the pair of parts, with the single blade part being supported by one or both of the lower connecting brackets 140’, 140”.
[0174] Figure 7 shows a soil opener assembly 10” in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention based on the soil opener assembly 10 of Figure 1 including soil opener unit 100’” (features in common are labelled accordingly).
[0175] As illustrated in Figures 8A-G and 9A-D, soil opener unit 100’” differs from soil opener unit 100 by modifications to both delivery tube 150’” and fixed blade 132’”. In addition, delivery tube 150”’ (which is connected to a first delivery hose 40A supplying a first agricultural product 210A) is accompanied by an optional secondary delivery tube 250 connected to a second delivery hose 40B and operative to deliver a second agricultural material 210B in parallel to first material 210A . In this example, the delivery tube 150”’ operates as the primary delivery tube delivering seed and the secondary delivery tube 250 operates to deliver fertilizer. However, other combinations of materials may be delivered in parallel using this arrangement. Each delivery tube supplies its respective material to the exit aperture in the standard way, i.e. entrained in an airflow generated by an air blower (not shown).
[0176] As shown in Figures 8A and 8B, primary delivery tube 150”’ is mounted on the lower connecting bracket / seed boot 140”’ in substantially the same position as delivery tube 150. Primary delivery tube 150’” differs from delivery tube 150 in that lower body section 15 IB” ’ of primary delivery tube 150’” has a curved end portion (curved coulter portion) 152A including a substantially laterally facing exit aperture 152’”. As with delivery tube 150, the rectangular body 151 ’” of delivery tube 150’” has a width that is substantially equal to or less than the visible width of the rotating disc 112’” when viewed along the direction of travel (D).
[0177] With reference to Figure 8E, at the location of exit aperture 152’” curved end portion 152A extends at an angle “N” to upper body section 151A”’ and upper body section 151A’” in turn extends at angle “O” to vertical (V) to produce a total angle “P” (=“N” + “O”) relative to a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G). In general, “N” and “O” are selected such that 40° < P < 90° (e.g. 50° < P < 80°, e.g. 60° < P < 70°) resulting in material 210A being ejected in a substantially lateral direction (e.g. in a direction with a lateral component substantially equal to or greater than the vertical component). In practice, “O” is approximately equal to “H” and hence is typically in the range 5-30° and accordingly “N” is typically in the range 10-85°. In this particular embodiment, angle “P” is approximately 65° with angle “N” being approximately in the range 35-45° and angle “O” being approximately in the range 30-20°.
[0178] Fixed blade 132’” is based on the geometry of fixed blade 132 but is accompanied by a longitudinally extending barrier plate 230 spaced laterally and rearwardly of exit aperture 152’” at substantially the same vertical height as a lower portion of exit aperture 152’”. Barrier plate 230 defines an elongate planar bander deflection surface 230A extending substantially in parallel with, but rearwardly trailing, a lower section of exit aperture 152’”. In this illustrated embodiment, the fixed blade 132’” projects laterally approximately 40mm from the lower connecting bracket / seed boot 140’” and barrier deflection surface 230A has a longitudinal length extending rearwardly of the rear edge of the fixed blade 132” ’by approximately 30- 60mm. As illustrated in Figure 8B, in addition to extending rearwardly of the fixed blade, barrier deflection surface 230A also has a greater vertical height than fixed blade 132”’. In this specific embodiment, upper edges of the barrier deflection surface 230A and the lower edge of fixed blade 132’” are substantially aligned but a lower edge of the barrier deflection surface 230A extends below the lower edge of the fixed blade 132’”.
[0179] With reference to Figure 8B, secondary delivery tube 250 is mounted to a rear section of lower connecting bracket / seed boot 140”’ between upper connecting bracket 120”’ and primary delivery tube 150’”. Secondary delivery tube 250 comprises a substantially rectangular body 251 comprising an upper body section 251 A for connection to second delivery hose 40B and a tapered lower body section 25 IB defining the exit aperture 252, the tapered lower body section 25 IB being orientated such that a leading edge of the lower body section extends to a lower position that a trailing edge of the lower body section. As with primary delivery tube 150”’, rectangular body 251 of secondary delivery tube 250 has a width that is substantially equal to or less than the visible width of the rotating disc 112’” when viewed along the direction of travel (D).
[0180] Secondary delivery tube 250 is mounted on the lower connecting bracket / seed boot 140’” and orientated such that the exit aperture 252 is provided adjacent a leading part of the soil lifting surface 134’” closest to the lower connecting bracket / seed boot 140’”. Secondary delivery tube 250 is configured such that material dispensed from exit aperture 252 is delivered is immediately below rotating disc 112’” (i.e. in the slot / groove formed by disc 112’”).
[0181] As with lower connecting bracket 140, optionally the height of the lower connecting bracket / seed boot 140’” relative to the upper connecting bracket 120’” may be alterable via a fixed blade adjustment mechanism.
[0182] With reference to Figure 8F, the fixed blade 132’” and lower body section 151B’” of primary delivery tube 150’” each sit outside the circumference of the rotating disc 112’” when viewed transversely to the direction of travel and parallel to the soil surface. Furthermore, fixed blade 132’” is positioned in advance of primary delivery tube 150’” and behind secondary delivery tube 250 such that the exit aperture 152” ’ is immediately behind and exit aperture 252 is immediately in front of the trailing fixed blade edge 136B’” of the fixed blade 132’” when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
[0183] Leading and trailing fixed blade edges 136A’”, 136B’” are swept back relative to the direction of travel (D) by fourth and fifth angles (L) and (M) respectively. Typically the fourth angle (L) and fifth angle (M) are in the range of about 30-60 degrees and may be identical in value. In this illustrated embodiment, the fourth angle (L) and fifth angle (M) are each about 45 degrees. Typically, the third angle (K) lies in the range of about 0-45 degrees (e.g. 0-30 degrees). In this illustrated embodiment, the third angle (K) is in the range 10-20 degrees (e.g. approximately 15 degrees).
[0184] With reference to Figures 9A-9D, the rotating disc 112’” is positioned in the direction of travel (D) to induce an initial cut into the soil which acts to slice through any surface residue and applies a downwards cuting action to the soil. The second angle (J) results in the angle of the leading cutting edge of the rotating disc being laterally offset relative to the rear edge which, in combination with the first angle (H), creates a lateral soil displacement action allowing the lower connecting bracket / seed boot 140”’ and delivery tubes 150” 7250 positioned on trailing side 114B’” of the rotating disc 112”’ to flow behind the rotating disc without causing significant soil disruption whilst fertilizer 210B is deposited in the groove / void formed by rotating disc 112’” via delivery tube 250. The trailing fixed blade 132”’ is angled by third angle (K) to induce an upward inclination to the soil flowing over the upper soil-lifting surface 134’”, creating a void 200’ underneath. This resulting soil- flow lift in conjunction with the leading lateral soil-flow lift generated by the rotating disc 112’” allows seed 210A to be introduced into the soil via delivery hose 40A connected to primary delivery tube 150’”. Modified primary delivery tube 150’” operates to deposit seed 210A at a location laterally spaced from the groove / void formed by rotating disc 112’”. In turn, barrier plate 230 operates to limit the lateral spread of seed 210A ejected by primary delivery tube 150’” resulting in seed being deposited in void 200’ in a band between the path of the rotating disc 112’” and the barrier plate 230 and thereby spaced from the fertilizer deposited in the groove / void formed by rotating disc 112’”. Soil then returns to the surface position downstream of the exit aperture 152 thereby closing void 200’ and the returned soil is consolidated by wheel 30’” in the normal manner.
[0185] Although separation of the seed and fertilizer is not always necessary, with some fertilizer it is desirable to have a slight but definite separation between the seed and fertilizer in the soil. This is because some fertilizer if placed in contact with the seed causes damage to the seed. Furthermore, it is an advantage to place seed in a position in the soil with a separation from the initial cut into the soil of the disc which created the groove. This is because of the occurrence known as “hair pinning” which is surface residue being pushed into the soil with the disc instead of being cut. This results in residue being undesirably transferred into the undercut void with the material to be deposited. Laterally deflecting material to the fixed blade void only therefore establishes a separation between the material (fertilizer) from the second delivery tube and the material (seed) deposited by the first delivery tube allowing seed to germinate spaced from fertilizer and surface residue.
[0186] With reference to Figure 9B, second planar support surface 140A’ ’ ’ of lower connecting bracket / seed boot 140’” has a trailing edge 141 extending at a clearance angle “Q” relative to downwardly inclined face 112B’”. This open angle between the disc inner face on the downwardly- facing side and the bracket / seed boot 140”’ allows soil or stones to dislodge. This is achieved by the assembly being positioned with minimal clearance at the leading edge then opening toward the trailing edge at an angle Q of approximately 2-15°.
[0187] As show in Figure 9D, surface residue 300 exposed to rotating disc 112”’ will tend to be pushed into the void / groove created by the disc. At 310 the surface residue is pushed down into the soil by rotating disc 112’” and at 320 surface residue is positioned fully in the void / groove created by the disc.
[0188] Figures 10A and 10B show alternative soil opener units 100”” and 100”’” based on soil opener unit 100. In Figure 10A soil opener unit 100”” includes a primary delivery tube 150”” based on primary delivery tube 150’ ’ ’ and optional secondary delivery tube 250’ based on secondary delivery tube 150 but omits barrier plate 230. In Figure 10B soil opener unit 100””’ includes a primary delivery tube based on delivery tube 150 from Figure 1 together with optional secondary delivery tube 250” based on secondary delivery tube 250 and includes a barrier plate 230’. As the skilled person will appreciate, any of the soil opener units 100”’, 100”” or 100’”” may be incorporated into soil opener assembly 10’ to replace one or both of first and second soil opener units 100’, 100”. The selected pairs of soil opener units may be matching or non-matching and may be longitudinally aligned or longitudinally offset.
Claims
Claims:
1. A soil opener for driving through soil in a direction of travel (D), the soil opener comprising: a support; and a soil opener unit mounted on the support, wherein the soil opener unit comprises: first and second soil-cutting members; and a delivery tube with an exit aperture for releasing material to be deposited in the soil; wherein: the first soil-cutting member comprises a rotating disc having a first soil-engaging surface inclined: at a first angle (H) to a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G) when viewed along the direction of travel (D), the first angle (H) being greater than zero; and at a second angle (J) to the direction of travel (D) when viewed along a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G), the second angle (J) being greater than zero, whereby the rotating disc defines a leading upwardly- inclined face defining a leading side of the rotating disc and a trailing downwardly- inclined face defining a trailing side of the rotating disc relative to the direction of travel (D); and the second soil-cutting member comprises a fixed blade defining a second soil-engaging surface, wherein: the second soil-engaging surface comprises a soil lifting surface projecting laterally relative to the first soil-cutting member; and the exit aperture of the delivery tube is provided adjacent a rear part of the soil lifting surface; wherein: the delivery tube is configured to eject material laterally from the exit aperture; and / or the soil opener unit further comprises a barrier spaced laterally from the exit aperture and configured to restrict lateral displacement of material ejected by the exit aperture.
2. A soil opener according to claim 1, wherein the first soil-cutting member is a leading soil-cutting member and the second soil-cutting member is a trailing soil-cutting member.
3. A soil opener according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the fixed blade is positioned rearwardly of an axis of rotation of the rotating disc relative to the direction of travel (D).
4. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the fixed blade islocated on the leading side of the rotating disc.
5. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the delivery tube is laterally offset relative to the fixed blade.
6. A soil opener according to claim 5, wherein the delivery tube is located substantially behind an outer envelope of the rotating disc.
7. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the fixed blade is positioned in advance of the exit aperture relative to the direction of travel (D).
8. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the delivery tube comprises an upper body section for connection to a delivery hose and a lower body section defining the exit aperture.
9. A soil opener according to claim 8, wherein the lower body section is inclined relative to the upper body section.
10. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the exit aperture is a substantially laterally facing exit aperture.
11. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the barrier is a longitudinally extending barrier plate.
12. A soil opener according to claim 11 , wherein the barrier plate defines a barrier surface substantially aligned with a laterally outermost end of the fixed blade.
13. A soil opener according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the barrier plate is supported by the fixed blade.
14. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the soil lifting surface sits outside the circumference of the first soil-engaging member when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
15. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the exit aperture of the delivery tube sits outside the circumference of the first soil-engaging member when viewed transversely to the direction of travel (D) and parallel to the soil surface (G).
16. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first angle (H) is greater than the second angle (J).
17. A soil opener according to claim 16, wherein the first angle (H) lies in the range of about 5 to about 30 degrees and the second angle (J) lies in the range of about 2-15 degrees.
18. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first soil-engaging surface is configured to penetrate into the soil to a first depth below the soil surface (G) and the soil lifting surface is configured to penetrate into the soil to a second depth below the soil surface (G), the second depth being less than the first depth.
19. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the soil lifting surface extends at a third angle (K) relative to the soil surface (G), wherein the third angle (K) lies in the range of about 0-45 degrees.
20. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the fixed blade defines leading and trailing fixed blade edges and the soil lifting surface comprises a substantially planar blade surface extending between the leading and trailing fixed blade edges.
21. A soil opener according to claim 19, wherein one or more the leading and trailing fixed blade edge projects substantially parallel to the soil surface (G).
22. A soil opener according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the leading fixed blade edge of the fixed blade is swept back relative to the direction of travel (D) by a fourth angle (L), wherein the fourth angle (L) is in the range of about 0-60 degrees.
23. A soil opener according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the soil opener further comprises a second delivery tube with a second exit aperture for releasing material to bedeposited in the soil.
24. A soil opener according to claim 23, wherein the second delivery tube is provided in advance of the first-defined delivery tube.
25. A soil opener according to claim 23 or claim 24, wherein the second delivery tube extends deeper into the soil than the first-defined delivery tube.
26. A soil opener for driving through soil in a direction of travel (D), the soil opener comprising: a support; and first and second soil opener units mounted on the support on opposed sides of a central axis; wherein the first the soil opener unit comprises: first and second soil-cutting members; and a first delivery tube with a first exit aperture for releasing material to be deposited in the soil; wherein: the first soil-cutting member comprises a first rotating disc having a first soilengaging surface inclined in a first direction: at a first angle (H) to a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G) when viewed along the direction of travel (D), the first angle (H) being greater than zero; and at a second angle (J) to the direction of travel (D) when viewed along a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G), the second angle (J) being greater than zero, whereby the first rotating disc defines a first leading upwardly- inclined face defining a leading side of the first rotating disc and a first trailing downwardly- inclined face defining a trailing side of the first rotating disc relative to the direction of travel (D); and the second soil-cutting member comprises a first fixed blade defining a second soil-engaging surface; wherein: the second soil-engaging surface comprises a first soil lifting surface projecting laterally relative to the first soil-cutting member; and the first exit aperture of the first delivery tube is provided adjacent a rear part of the first soil lifting surface; andwherein second the soil opener unit comprises: third and fourth soil-cutting members; and a second delivery tube with a second exit aperture for releasing material to be deposited in the soil; wherein: the third soil-cutting member comprises a second rotating disc having a third soil-engaging surface inclined in a second direction: at a first angle (H’) to a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G) when viewed along the direction of travel (D), the first angle (H’) being greater than zero; and at a second angle (J’) to the direction of travel (D) when viewed along a perpendicular (V) to the soil surface (G), the second angle (J’) being greater than zero, whereby the second rotating disc defines a second leading upwardly- inclined face defining a leading side of the second rotating disc and a second trailing downwardly-inclined face defining a trailing side of the second rotating disc relative to the direction of travel (D); and the fourth soil-cutting member comprises a second fixed blade defining a fourth soil-engaging surface; wherein: the fourth soil-engaging surface comprises a second soil lifting surface projecting laterally relative to the third soil-cutting member; and the second exit aperture of the second delivery tube is provided adjacent a rear part of the second soil lifting surface; wherein: the first delivery tube is configured to eject material laterally from the first exit aperture; and / or the first soil opener unit further comprises a first barrier spaced laterally from the first exit aperture and configured to restrict lateral displacement of material ejected by the first exit aperture.
27. A soil opener according to claim 26, wherein the first fixed blade of the first soil opener unit is located on the leading side of the first rotating disc and the second fixed blade of the second soil opener unit is located on the leading side of the second rotating disc.