Heat exchanger with heat exchanger bars

Abstract

Heat exchanger (100) designed as a gas-solid heat exchanger comprising at least one support (10, 15, 20) with a plurality of heat exchanger rods (30) arranged on the support, wherein the heat exchanger rods extend radially from the support.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising at least one support and with heat exchanger rods arranged on the support, a heat exchanger system, a ventilation device and a double ventilation device.

[0002] According to current regulations, renovated and new residential buildings must be virtually airtight. The previously common practice of trickle ventilation is therefore increasingly being replaced by active ventilation systems. These systems utilize residential ventilation systems designed to supply fresh air as needed and to expel stale air to the outside.

[0003] Such ventilation systems are based on demand-controlled airflow throughout the entire living area. To minimize space requirements, decentralized systems with heat exchangers have already been developed, as described, for example, in DE 10 2011 080 358 and DE 10 2014 200 538. Single-piece ceramic heat exchangers are preferred in these systems. However, the production of such ceramic heat exchangers is expensive and energy-intensive; furthermore, once manufactured, their length is difficult to adjust to specific installation requirements.

[0004] In the following, the term "gas" refers not only to a single gas but also to compositions of several gases.

[0005] Heat exchangers are devices for transferring thermal energy from one fluid stream to another.

[0006] Regenerators are heat exchangers that utilize a thermal storage medium to store the thermal energy of a hotter medium and then transfer it to a colder medium. Regenerators are primarily used in the form of gas-solid heat exchangers. These exchangers are designed to transfer the thermal energy of a hotter gas to a colder gas. The thermal energy of the hotter gas is first stored in a thermal storage medium and then transferred to the colder gas. To achieve this, the hotter gas first passes through the heat exchanger, heating the thermal storage medium. Subsequently, the cooler gas passes through the heat exchanger, absorbing the thermal energy stored in the thermal storage medium. As a result, the thermal storage medium cools down, and the previously cooler gas heats up. Typically, the two gases pass through the regenerator at different times and in opposite directions.

[0007] Recuperators are devices for transferring thermal energy from a hotter gas to a colder gas. The two gas flows have dedicated and fluidically separated flow paths that are, however, thermally coupled. This thermal coupling allows the hotter gas to continuously transfer thermal energy to the colder gas, eliminating the need for a heat storage system. Typically, the two gas flows pass through the recuperators in opposite directions.

[0008] Relevant parameters for the efficiency of heat exchangers are material properties such as the thermal conductivity of the heat storage medium and the geometric guidance of the media through the heat exchanger.

[0009] For heat storage in regenerators, for example, storage masses made of copper or ceramic storage masses are used due to their good thermal conductivity.

[0010] In residential ventilation systems, it is common practice to integrate heat exchangers and fans into building facades as ventilation and heat recovery systems. The heat exchangers used in such systems are often regenerators, as their offset operating principle is well-suited for this application. Warmer, and potentially less oxygenated, air is drawn from an interior space through the heat exchanger and into the outside environment by a fan. The heat exchanger's thermal storage unit then stores a large portion of the thermal energy from the extracted interior air. Subsequently, the fan draws cooler, more oxygenated fresh air from the outside environment through the heat exchanger and into the interior space. This cooler fresh air absorbs the thermal energy temporarily stored in the heat storage unit and warms up.As a result, fresh air richer in oxygen and at a moderate temperature is supplied to the interior, preventing it from cooling down and thus saving heating energy. An efficient heat exchanger with lower material and manufacturing costs is desirable.

[0011] This is where the invention comes in, the object of which is to provide a heat exchanger that is improved in terms of cost and / or heat recovery.

[0012] This problem is solved according to a first aspect of the invention by a heat exchanger designed as a gas-solid heat exchanger comprising at least one support. A plurality of heat exchanger rods are arranged on the at least one support. The heat exchanger rods extend from the support.

[0013] The invention is based on the understanding that frequent collisions between the gas and the heat exchanger are crucial for effective heat transfer of thermal energy from a gas to a heat exchanger or vice versa. This is particularly facilitated by a flow pattern of the medium through the heat exchanger that is largely non-linear, but rather guides the gas through the heat exchanger, for example, via winding or branched channels. This results in frequent collisions between the gas and the heat exchanger, and thus in heat transfer between the gas and the heat exchanger. Furthermore, turbulent flow of the medium through the heat exchanger is especially conducive to effective heat transfer, as it promotes frequent collisions of gas particles with the heat exchanger.

[0014] Based on this finding, the invention includes the finding that the inventive design of the heat exchanger with a plurality of heat exchanger rods strongly deflects a gas flowing through the heat exchanger in a flow motion and that, by repeatedly causing the gas to collide with the plurality of heat exchanger rods due to the deflection, a particularly effective heat transfer between the gas and the heat exchanger rods results.

[0015] Furthermore, the invention is based on the surprising finding that in a heat exchanger with such high efficiency in heat transfer between gas and solid, materials with particularly good thermal conductivity can be dispensed with in the heat exchanger, thereby reducing production and material costs, since sufficiently high efficiencies can be achieved even with materials with comparatively low thermal conductivities due to the improved interaction of gas and solid in the heat exchanger resulting from the increased number of collisions.

[0016] The at least one beam can have a hollow profile or a solid profile. A beam with a hollow profile can enclose a flow channel within it, the flow channel extending longitudinally from one end face to another. Such a flow channel can thus be traversed longitudinally along the beam. Several concentrically nested beams with hollow profiles can enclose multiple flow channels between them.

[0017] Advantageous further developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims and the following description and specify in detail advantageous possibilities for realizing the concept explained above within the scope of the task and with regard to further advantages.

[0018] Preferably, at least one heat exchanger rod is arranged in at least one plane orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger. Preferably, a plurality of heat exchanger rods are arranged in a plurality of planes, in particular those arranged orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger, the at least one support is an inner support from whose outer surface the heat exchanger rods extend, or an outer support from whose inner surface the heat exchanger rods extend, or a middle support from whose inner and outer surfaces the heat exchanger rods extend.

[0020] The outer and middle supports can each be formed by hollow profiles. Particularly in embodiments with middle and outer supports, the middle support can have a smaller diameter than the outer support, allowing it to be arranged inside the outer support. The inner support can be a solid profile that can be arranged inside an outer support and / or a middle support. In a combination of inner, middle, and / or outer supports, the supports can be arranged concentrically within one another. In principle, the heat exchanger can have a single support or a combination of several supports, particularly those arranged concentrically within one another.

[0021] For example, a heat exchanger can have only one outer support or only one inner support. It can also be formed by an outer support, a middle support, and an inner support, all arranged concentrically within each other. It is also possible for multiple middle supports to be positioned between an outer support and an inner support, or even within a single outer support.

[0022] In particular, the use of a central support, if the central support is fluidically sealed, can enable the fluidically separated but thermally coupled guidance of two airflows through the heat exchanger. In a further embodiment, the at least one support can also have recesses.

[0023] By designing at least one support as an inner, middle, or outer support, a multitude of degrees of freedom arise in the functional design of the heat exchanger, which can increase its effectiveness. In particular, by combining different supports, the density of heat exchanger rods can be increased, thereby improving the efficiency of the heat exchanger. If a short heat exchanger length is required, for example, the density of the heat exchanger rods can be increased while maintaining high heat exchanger efficiency.

[0024] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger bars are arranged such that, viewed from a top view of an end face of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger bars form a closed surface.

[0025] For effective heat transfer, it is advantageous for the gas flow to be deflected as often as possible. Ideally, gas molecules passing through the heat exchanger should not be able to take a path where collisions with the heat exchanger bars are minimal or nonexistent. Therefore, arranging the heat exchanger bars to form a closed surface when viewed from the front of the heat exchanger results in high efficiency because direct passages through the heat exchanger without collisions are avoided.

[0026] In a further preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger, one heat exchanger rod is concealed by another heat exchanger rod in a top view of the end face of the heat exchanger. Preferably, a plurality of heat exchanger rods are concealed by a plurality of further heat exchanger rods in a top view of the end face of the heat exchanger rod.

[0027] The staggered arrangement of the heat exchanger bars further prevents straight passage paths through the heat exchanger. Gas molecules passing through the heat exchanger are inevitably forced to collide with and be deflected by a multitude of heat exchanger bars due to this staggered arrangement, thus promoting improved heat exchange between the gas and the heat exchanger bars.

[0028] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heat exchanger, the outer support forms a housing or is integrated into a housing. This advantageously results in a compact design of the heat exchanger, in which the outer support, in addition to its function as a support for heat exchanger rods, simultaneously forms the housing of the heat exchanger.

[0029] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heat exchanger, several of the heat exchanger rods are arranged on the support within at least one plane, preferably orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger, at uniform or uneven intervals from one another, and / or the planes are spaced equally or unequally from one another. This allows for the realization of both regular structures, which may be easier to manufacture, and irregular structures, which contribute to increased efficiency through more frequent, uneven deflections of the gas flow.

[0030] In another advantageous embodiment of the heat exchanger, the at least one support has a circular, oval, rectangular or polygonal cross-section.

[0031] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heat exchanger, several heat exchanger rods, and in particular all heat exchanger rods, are constructed identically. This advantageously results in a simplified manufacturing process for the heat exchanger rods.

[0032] In another advantageous embodiment of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger bars each have a round, oval, rectangular or polygonal cross-section, and the length of the heat exchanger bars is a multiple of the largest cross-sectional dimension of the heat exchanger bars.

[0033] Different cross-sectional areas of the heat exchanger bars allow the gas flowing through the heat exchanger to be further slowed down and deflected more effectively. While smooth and streamlined cross-sections are easier to manufacture, polygonal cross-sections, for example, can create additional turbulence at their corners. This can lead to a further increase in the heat exchanger's efficiency. This further development also offers the advantage of additional freedom in the functional design of the heat exchanger, allowing for a trade-off between simpler and more complex cross-sectional shapes of the heat exchanger bars. In particular, combinations of heat exchanger bars with different cross-sectional shapes can increase the heat exchanger's efficiency by creating a more complex deflection of the gas flowing through the heat exchanger.

[0034] In a further preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger, at least one heat exchanger rod has a constant or changing cross-sectional profile along its length. The change in cross-section along the length can be continuous or discrete, or the at least one heat exchanger rod can have a cross-sectional profile along its length that is a combination of areas with constant cross-sections and areas with cross-sections that change continuously or discretely along the length.

[0035] This results in a further degree of freedom in the functional design of the heat exchanger with regard to the flow deceleration and deflection of the gas through the heat exchanger rods. Different cross-sectional profiles of the heat exchanger rods along their length allow for greater deflection and deceleration of the flow passing through the heat exchanger, thereby achieving higher efficiency due to increased heat transfer between the gas and the heat exchanger rods. For example, heat exchanger rods can have a studded and / or ribbed and / or serrated surface. The cross-sectional profiles of the heat exchanger rod surfaces can be formed by various combinations of protrusions and recesses on their outer surfaces.

[0036] Another preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger provides for straight, curved, or spiral heat exchanger bars. This results in an additional degree of freedom in the functional design of the heat exchanger, which, both on its own and especially in combination with other embodiments, can contribute to an increase in the heat exchanger's efficiency. Spiral heat exchanger bars cover a larger area of ​​the flow cross-section compared to straight heat exchanger bars, thus ensuring greater deflection and deceleration of the gas, which increases the heat exchanger's efficiency. In particular, for example, spiral heat exchanger bars with a textured surface can further increase the heat exchanger's efficiency. Furthermore, combinations of straight, curved, and / or spiral heat exchanger bars are also possible within a single heat exchanger.

[0037] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger provides that at least one heat exchanger rod is hollow. Hollow heat exchanger rods enable material cost savings and thus more economical manufacturing. Moreover, hollow heat exchanger rods, particularly in conjunction with a hollow support, allow for the guidance of an additional airflow or a temperature control medium within the heat exchanger structure. This can contribute to increased efficiency.

[0038] In another preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger bars all have the same length, or several heat exchanger bars have different lengths.

[0039] This results in a further degree of freedom in the functional design of the heat exchanger. By using heat exchanger rods of varying lengths, the coverage of the heat exchanger, as seen from the front, can be varied across the cross-section. This allows for greater coverage by heat exchanger rods in areas where higher flow velocities or stronger flow rates are expected. Consequently, in these areas, increased interaction occurs, leading to more frequent deflections into areas with poorer flow, for example, due to dead zones in a fan used with the heat exchanger.

[0040] In another preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger, several heat exchanger rods are mounted individually and / or several heat exchanger rods are grouped together in heat exchanger assemblies on the support.

[0041] Densely packed groups of heat exchanger rods can cause a greater delay and deflection of the gas than individual heat exchanger rods, thereby contributing to improved efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0042] In a further preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger, at least one of the heat exchanger rods comprises a ceramic, a polymer material, in particular polystyrene or ABS, or a metallic material, in particular stainless steel.

[0043] The design according to the invention allows for a wider selection of materials with varying thermal conductivities than conventional heat exchangers. This offers the advantage of material selection tailored to specific needs, resulting in potential cost savings in both production and materials. Heat exchanger rods made of ceramic or metallic materials exhibit better thermal conductivity and thus higher material-related efficiency in terms of heat absorption and release. Due to the high number of collisions between gas and heat exchanger rods resulting from the heat exchanger's design, efficient heat transfer can be achieved even without materials possessing high thermal conductivity. This allows, for example, the use of cost-effective and highly flexible plastics, particularly polystyrene or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS).

[0044] In another embodiment, at least one of the heat exchanger rods has a basic framework made of plastic and is at least partially coated with a material with higher thermal conductivity.

[0045] A further preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger is one in which the heat exchanger bars are arranged in receptacles on the support. This allows the heat exchanger bars to be manufactured separately from the supports. Consequently, the heat exchanger bars can be made of a different material than that of the supports. Furthermore, it allows for the easy replacement of damaged heat exchanger bars with undamaged ones, or for the replacement of a number of heat exchanger bars with other types. For example, in this embodiment, it is possible to replace plastic heat exchanger bars with ceramic heat exchanger bars, or to replace straight heat exchanger bars with spiral heat exchanger bars.This makes it possible, in particular, to use different heat exchanger rods adapted to the application requirements, while always using the same support structure.

[0046] In an alternative embodiment of the heat exchanger, the support and the heat exchanger rods are manufactured together in one piece.

[0047] Single-piece manufacturing can be achieved, for example, using additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing or stereolithography. Compared to the separate manufacturing of supports and heat exchanger rods, the assembly step in which the supports are fitted with heat exchanger rods can be eliminated.

[0048] In a further preferred embodiment of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger has at least one partition wall extending along the entire longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger for the fluidically separated guidance of two air streams.

[0049] For example, the partition can be formed by a central support with, for instance, an annular cross-section, positioned within an outer support or housing. An additional inner support can be positioned within the central support. The central support then fluidically separates an external airflow between the outer support or housing and the central support from an internal airflow within the central support or between the central support and the inner support. The central support can be made of a material with at least weak thermal conductivity, thus thermally coupling the two airflows.

[0050] The at least one partition can also be a separate component that connects to the at least one support and fluidically separates two airflows. The at least one partition can be made of a material that is at least weakly thermally conductive, thus thermally coupling the two airflows.

[0051] Fluidic separation of two airflows within the heat exchanger results in a compact design. The additional thermal coupling further increases the efficiency of the heat exchanger by utilizing recuperation across the partition.

[0052] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a heat exchanger system comprising at least two heat exchangers according to the first aspect of the invention and at least one connecting element configured to connect at least two heat exchangers together.

[0053] This advantageously results in the possibility of a modular design by connecting several heat exchangers using connecting elements, so that the heat exchanger system can assume any dimensions and can therefore be easily adapted to installation conditions.

[0054] With such a modular design featuring multiple heat exchangers, which can preferably be connected in series to form the heat exchanger system, it is also advantageous that heat exchangers with different designs can be combined. This allows for a further increase in efficiency.

[0055] In a further advantageous embodiment of the heat exchanger system, at least one connecting element is formed on at least one heat exchanger.

[0056] This results in a simplified assembly of the heat exchangers into a heat exchanger system, as the necessary connecting elements do not need to be carried as individual parts and mounted on the heat exchangers to assemble them into a heat exchanger system. For example, at least one connecting element can be designed as a snap connection on at least one heat exchanger. In this case, joining individual heat exchangers into a heat exchanger system would be particularly easy, as two heat exchangers are pressed together so that a snap hook of the snap connection on one heat exchanger engages positively with a counterpart on the other heat exchanger.Disconnecting multiple heat exchangers can also be easily accomplished with a snap-fit ​​connection. This is achieved by designing the snap hook so that it can be released from its counterpart, for example, by pulling back the snap hook or by applying pressure at a specific point, thereby creating leverage that releases the snap hook from the counterpart. However, other connection elements are also possible. For instance, heat exchangers can be equipped with internal and external threaded sections, allowing them to be screwed together. Magnetic connectors can also be used to easily connect and disconnect heat exchangers.

[0057] In another embodiment of the heat exchanger system, the at least one connecting element is a separate component, in particular one mounted in a

[0058] A connecting element arranged between at least two heat exchangers according to the first aspect, or a receptacle arranged around at least parts of the heat exchangers, or a housing around the heat exchangers.

[0059] This allows the heat exchangers to be easily assembled into a heat exchanger system. Other possible methods include, for example, elastic magnetic connectors or snap-fit ​​connections to join the heat exchangers together.

[0060] Preferably, the heat exchanger system in its assembled state comprises a spacer arranged between the at least two heat exchangers, wherein the spacer is formed on at least one of the heat exchangers, or as a separate spacer, or as a component of the connecting element. Such a spacer ensures that a predetermined distance is maintained. Possible embodiments include, for example, stops for the heat exchangers on the connecting element or edges or elements projecting beyond an inlet or outlet plane of at least one of the heat exchangers.

[0061] According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a ventilation device comprising at least one heat exchanger according to the first aspect or a heat exchanger system according to the second aspect and at least one fan, wherein the at least one fan is preferably bidirectionally operable.

[0062] A ventilation unit with a heat exchanger according to the invention, as well as the heat exchanger itself, is improved in terms of cost and efficiency compared to previously known systems.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the ventilation unit, the unit comprises a common housing in which the at least one heat exchanger or heat exchanger system and the at least one fan are arranged. This results in a compact form for the ventilation unit, as all components are integrated into a single housing.

[0064] According to a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a double ventilation device for indoor ventilation. The double ventilation device comprises, in a common housing, a first air guidance device for guiding a first airflow, comprising a first interior outlet, a first flow chamber in which at least one first bidirectionally operable fan is arranged, and a first exterior outlet; a second air guidance device fluidly separated from the first air guidance device for guiding a second airflow, comprising a second interior outlet, a second flow chamber in which at least one second bidirectionally operable fan is arranged, and a second exterior outlet; at least one heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, extending into the first and second air guidance devices, arranged in both air guidance devices between the respective interior and exterior outlets, and formed by means of the central support or the partition;to guide the first and second airflows fluidically separated but thermally coupled, wherein the heat exchanger in the first and second air guidance devices each additionally forms a regenerator, wherein the first and second interior outlets are fluidically separated in a common interior sub-housing, and wherein the first and second exterior outlets are fluidically separated in a common exterior sub-housing, and wherein the first and second flow chambers and the heat exchanger are arranged in a common central part of the housing.

[0065] According to a fifth aspect, the invention relates to a double ventilation device for indoor ventilation. The double ventilation device comprises, in a common housing, a first air guidance device for guiding a first airflow, comprising a first interior outlet, a first flow chamber in which at least one first bidirectionally operable fan (210) is arranged, and a first exterior outlet; a second air guidance device fluidically separated from the first air guidance device for guiding a second airflow, comprising a second interior outlet, a second flow chamber in which at least one second bidirectionally operable fan (210) is arranged, and a second exterior outlet; a heat exchanger system according to the second aspect of the invention, extending into the first and second air guidance devices, arranged in both air guidance devices between the respective interior and exterior outlets, and formed by means of the central support or the partition;to guide the first and second airflows fluidically separated but thermally coupled, wherein the heat exchanger system in the first and second air guidance devices each additionally forms a regenerator, wherein the first and second interior outlets are fluidically separated in a common interior sub-housing, and wherein the first and second exterior outlets are fluidically separated in a common exterior sub-housing, and wherein the first and second flow chambers and the heat exchanger system are arranged in a common central part of the housing.

[0066] Such dual ventilation units can be implemented in a particularly compact and efficient manner, which is further supported by the heat exchangers according to the invention. The heat exchanger system according to the second aspect of the invention, the ventilation unit according to the third aspect of the invention, and the dual ventilation unit of the fourth aspect of the invention share the advantages and embodiments of the heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0067] Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures. These show: Fig. 1a: a detailed view of an embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, Fig. 1b: a detailed view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, Fig. 1c: a detailed view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, Fig. 2a: a detailed view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, Fig. 2b: a detailed view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, Fig. 3a: a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, Fig. 3b: a top view of the embodiment of the heat exchanger Fig. 3 a, Fig. 4 a: a detailed view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, Fig. 4 b: a detailed view of the embodiment of the heat exchanger of the Fig. 4 a, Fig. 5 a: a sectional view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, Fig. 5 b: a top view of the embodiment of the heat exchanger of the Fig. 5 b , Fig. 6 a: a sectional view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention, Fig. 6 b: a top view of the embodiment of the heat exchanger of the Fig. 5 b Fig. 7: a top view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention; Fig. 8a: a sectional view of a further embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention; Fig. 8b: a top view of the embodiment of the heat exchanger. Fig. 8 a, Fig. 9: a sectional view of an embodiment of a heat exchanger system according to the second aspect of the invention, Fig. 10: a sectional view of an embodiment of a ventilation system according to the third aspect of the invention.

[0068] In the following description of exemplary embodiments, similar reference numerals generally refer to similar elements.

[0069] Fig. 1 Figure a shows a section of an inner support 10 of a heat exchanger 100 with receptacles 5 in which heat exchanger bars 30 are arranged, the heat exchanger bars 30 being shown only section by section. Fig. 1 b shows a section of the inner support 10 of the heat exchanger 100 with heat exchanger rods 30 which are integrally connected to the inner support 10. Figur 1 c shows differently arranged images 5 in a cross-section of the inner support 10.

[0070] Recordings 5 ​​can be viewed as in Fig. 1 a shown radially extend into the inner support 10, so that the heat exchanger rods 30 arranged in the receptacles 5 extend radially in a direction away from the inner support 10. Fig. 1 c Figure 1 shows a radial and an obliquely arranged receptacle 5 in a cross-section of an inner support 10. The obliquely arranged receptacles 5 in the inner support 10 result in a correspondingly oblique arrangement of the heat exchanger rods 30 on the inner support 10.

[0071] Preferably, the heat exchanger rods 30 and the support 10 are manufactured as a single piece, as shown in Fig. 1 b This shows that mounting the heat exchanger rods 30 in the receptacles 5 of the carrier 10 can be avoided, thus saving manufacturing effort and costs. Additive manufacturing processes, such as 3D printing, can be advantageously used for this purpose.

[0072] Fig. 2 Figure a shows a single heat exchanger rod 30 in a side view. The length of the heat exchanger rod 30 is a multiple of its largest cross-sectional dimension. The heat exchanger rod 30 shown here has a round cross-section. Alternatively, heat exchanger rods can also have oval, rectangular, or polygonal cross-sections.

[0073] Fig. 2 b Figure 1 shows several heat exchanger bars 30, which are grouped together to form a heat exchanger assembly 40. The individual heat exchanger bars 30 are arranged such that they lie so close together in a lower section on the underside of the heat exchanger assembly 40 that the lower section can be secured in a receptacle 5. The heat exchanger bars 30 of the heat exchanger assembly 40 shown have different lengths.

[0074] Fig. 3 Figure a shows an exemplary cross-section of a greatly enlarged section of an embodiment of a heat exchanger rod 31 with a knurled surface. The knurled surface ensures additional turbulence of a gas flowing past the heat exchanger rod 31. Fig. 3 b shows a top view of an end face of the heat exchanger rod 31 made of Fig. 3 a. Thus, in the Fig. 3 Figures a and 3b show a cross-section that changes discretely along the length of the heat exchanger rod 31. This advantageously results in stronger turbulence of a gas flowing past the heat exchanger rods 31 and thus an increased efficiency of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger rods 30 are made hollow internally. The heat exchanger rods 30 of the heat exchanger 100 can have the same length or different lengths.

[0075] Fig. 4 Figure a shows an example of heat exchanger bars 30 placed in four levels E1 to E4 in a top view of an inner support 10. Figur 4 b shows the heat exchanger rods 30 in a top view of an end face of the inner support 10 according to the in Fig. 4 a marked arrow direction. The heat exchanger bars 30 are positioned across levels E1 to E4 such that a heat exchanger bar 30 in level E1 partially obscures the heat exchanger bar 30 following it in level E2. Furthermore, the heat exchanger bars 30 are arranged parallel only across every other level and are offset from each adjacent level. For example, the heat exchanger bar 30 in the first level E1 is offset from the heat exchanger bar 30 in the second level E2 and parallel to the heat exchanger bar in level E3. Due to this offset arrangement of the heat exchanger bars 30 on a support 10, 15, 20, a gas flowing through the heat exchanger 100 cannot take a direct and straight path through the heat exchanger 100. Rather, the gas flowing through the heat exchanger 100 will collide with each heat exchanger bar and then flow past it on both sides.This process is repeated at each heat exchanger rod 30, resulting in efficient heat transfer between the gas and the heat exchanger rods 30. Different cross-sectional shapes and surface properties of the heat exchanger rods 30 further increase the efficiency of the heat transfer between the gas and the heat exchanger rods 30.

[0076] Fig. 5 Figure a shows a longitudinal section of a heat exchanger 100 with an inner support 10 and heat exchanger bars 30 arranged on the inner support 10. The heat exchanger bars 30 are arranged in planes orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger. In each subsequent plane, the heat exchanger bars 30 are rotated by an angular position relative to a preceding plane of heat exchanger bars 30. Due to the rotated arrangement of each plane of heat exchanger bars 30 relative to a preceding plane of heat exchanger bars 30, the heat exchanger bars 30 overlap each other, so that a gas flowing through the heat exchanger bars 30 cannot take a free, continuous path through the heat exchanger, but instead collides with heat exchanger bars 30 of the respective plane as it passes through, is deflected, and slowed down. This results in increased efficiency of the heat exchanger 100. Examples are shown in Figure 1. Fig. 5 two levels are marked with C (solid arrow) and D (dashed arrow). Fig. 5 b Figure 1 shows a top view of an end face of the heat exchanger 100. For illustrative purposes, only the heat exchanger bars 30 of planes C and D, offset from each other by an angular position, are shown in the top view. This offset of the heat exchanger bars 30 of planes C and D obscures a larger portion of the cross-section of the heat exchanger 100 through which a gas can flow, resulting in increased deflection of the gas flowing through the heat exchanger 100. Preferably, the heat exchanger bars 30 are arranged so densely along the entire length of the inner support 10 and offset from each other across the planes in such a way that no open connection through the heat exchanger is visible in the top view. In other words, in the top view of the end face of the heat exchanger 100, the multitude of heat exchanger bars 30 then forms an opaque, closed surface.This results in a particularly efficient heat exchange between a gas flowing through the heat exchanger 100 and the heat exchanger bars 30 due to the numerous collisions between the gas and the heat exchanger bars 30. Furthermore, the staggered arrangement of the heat exchanger bars 30 ensures uniform coverage of the flow cross-section. The in . Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b shown heat exchanger 100 can be integrated into a housing 50 which includes the heat exchanger 100 in the form of a shell surface enclosing the inner support 10.

[0077] Fig. 6 Figure a shows a longitudinal section of a heat exchanger 110 with an inner support 10 and an outer support 15. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer support 15 has an annular hollow profile with a diameter and length, and the inner support 10 has a cylindrical solid profile with a smaller diameter than that of the outer support and a length approximately equal to the length of the outer support 15. The inner support 10 is arranged concentrically within the outer support 15, such that both supports 10 and 15 extend in the same direction, forming an annular flow channel between them that extends along the longitudinal axes of the supports 10 and 15. Heat exchanger bars 30 are arranged on an outer surface of the inner support 10 and on an inner surface of the outer support 15, extending into the flow channel formed between the supports 10 and 15.The heat exchanger rods 30 of the outer support 15 are sufficiently long to extend to the inner support 10. The heat exchanger rods 30 of the inner support 10 are also long enough to extend to the outer support 15. This allows the outer support 15 to rest on the heat exchanger rods 30 of the inner support 10. Due to the tightly fitting heat exchanger rods 30 of the supports 10 and 15, the outer support 15 is fixed in its position and cannot slip or twist. A gas can flow through the annular flow channel between the outer support 15 and the inner support 10. This inevitably results in numerous collisions between gas particles and the heat exchanger rods 30, leading to numerous heat transfers between the gas and the heat exchanger rods 30. The heat exchanger 100 can additionally be integrated into a housing 50 or the outer support 15 forms the housing 50.

[0078] Fig. 6 b shows a top view of an end face of the heat exchanger 110. Fig. 6 a. In this view, the heat exchanger bars 30 of levels C (solid arrow) and D (dashed arrow) are made of Fig. 6 Figure a shows the arrangement of the planes. The planes are offset from each other by an angular position, such that the heat exchanger bars 30 of one plane partially obscure the heat exchanger bars 30 of a subsequent plane. This prevents a gas flowing through the annular flow channel from having a direct path through the flow channel with few collisions with the heat exchanger bars 30. Instead, the offset arrangement of the heat exchanger bars 30 forces the gas to follow a path through the flow channel with numerous unavoidable collisions with the heat exchanger bars 30. This results in effective heat transfer between the gas and the heat exchanger bars 30.

[0079] Fig. 7 Figure 1 shows a top view of an end face of a heat exchanger 120 with an annular hollow outer support 15 and a cylindrical inner support 10 with a solid profile. The inner support 10 is arranged concentrically within the outer support 15, so that both supports 10 and 15 extend in the same direction. Heat exchanger bars 30 are arranged on the inner surface of the outer support 15 and on the outer surface of the inner support 10, extending into an annular flow channel formed between the outer support 15 and the inner support. A partition 90 runs vertically through the annular flow channel between the inner support 10 and the outer support 15. The partition 90 extends further along the length of the heat exchanger and divides the annular flow channel into two fluidically separated but thermally coupled flow chambers.

[0080] Fig. 8 Figure a shows a longitudinal section of a heat exchanger 130 with an annular outer support 15, an annular central support 20, and a cylindrical inner support 10. The supports 10, 15, 20 are arranged coaxially within one another, such that the inner support 10 is arranged coaxially within the central support 20, and the central support 20 is arranged coaxially within the outer support 15. The supports 10, 15, 20 extend in one direction. An outer annular flow channel is formed between the outer support 15 and the central support, and an inner annular flow channel is formed between the central support 20 and the inner support 10. Heat exchanger bars 30 are arranged on the inner surface of the outer support 15, on the outer surface of the inner support 10, and on the inner and outer surfaces of the central support 20. The heat exchanger bars extend into the outer and inner flow channels.

[0081] Fig. 8 b Figure 12a shows a top view of an end face of the heat exchanger 130. The annular central support 20 divides the space between the outer support 15 and the inner support 10 into two fluidically separated but thermally coupled flow chambers. This allows the two airflows to be guided in a thermally coupled but fluidically separated manner, which improves the efficiency of the heat exchanger and enables its use, for example, in a dual ventilation unit.

[0082] Fig. 9 Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a heat exchanger system 200 comprising two heat exchangers 100. Each heat exchanger 100 comprises a cylindrical inner support 10 and a hollow, annular outer support 15, as well as heat exchanger bars 30 arranged on the supports 10, 15, extending from the outer support 15 or the inner support 10. The inner support 10 is arranged concentrically within the outer support 15, such that both supports 10, 15 extend in the same direction. In this embodiment, the outer supports 15 of the heat exchangers 100 are longer than the inner supports 10 and project beyond the inner supports 10 on a first side. The outer supports 15 have a male connecting element 60 on a first side that projects beyond the inner supports 10. On one of the first sides in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 100, opposite the second side of the outer supports 15, these have a female connecting element 70.In the illustrated embodiment, the connecting elements 60, 70 are interlocked at a connection point. Due to the projection of the outer supports 15 over the inner supports 10, a gap 80 is created at the connection point when the heat exchangers 100 are joined. This gap 80 causes additional turbulence in the gas flowing through the heat exchanger system 200, resulting in gas particles that have passed through one heat exchanger 100 of the heat exchanger system 200 entering the subsequent heat exchanger 100 of the heat exchanger system 200 at a different point than where they exited the first heat exchanger 100. The connecting elements thus also function as spacers.

[0083] Fig. 10 shows a ventilation system 300 with a heat exchanger 100 made of Fig. 6 The heat exchanger 100 is shown in a longitudinal section and is arranged coaxially behind it with a fan 210. The heat exchanger 100 comprises a cylindrical inner support 10 and a hollow annular outer support 15. The inner support 10 is arranged coaxially within the outer support 15, such that both supports 10 and 15 extend in one direction and form an annular flow channel between them. Heat exchanger bars 30 are arranged on both supports and extend from them. The fan 210 is bidirectional, allowing it to draw gas through the heat exchanger 100 in two opposite directions. When operating in the first direction, the fan 210 can, for example, draw room air through the heat exchanger 100 in that direction.When the fan 210 is operating in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the fan 210 can, for example, convey outside air along the second direction through the heat exchanger 100.

[0084] The room air inevitably collides with the heat exchanger rods 30, transferring heat from the room air to the heat exchanger rods 30, which serve as an intermediate storage medium for the thermal energy. The fan 210 can then be operated in its second direction of airflow. In this direction, the fan 210 draws outside air through the heat exchanger 100, causing the outside air to inevitably collide with the heated heat exchanger rods 30. This heat is then transferred from the heat exchanger rods 30 to the cooler fresh air, warming it up.

[0085] In a further embodiment, the ventilation system 300 can comprise a plurality of coaxially arranged heat exchangers 100, which can be modularly assembled to form a heat exchanger system 200. In further embodiments, individual heat exchangers 100 of a heat exchanger system 200 can have a different number of heat exchanger bars 30 with different cross-sectional shapes and / or lengths and / or surface finishes and / or be made of different materials with different thermal conductivities. Bezugszeichen

[0086] 5 Mounting 10 Inner support 15 Outer support 20 Center support 30 Heat exchanger rod 31 Heat exchanger rod 40 Heat exchanger grouping 50 Housing 60 Male connecting element 70 Female connecting element 80 Gap 90 Partition 100 Heat exchanger 110 Heat exchanger 120 Heat exchanger 130 Heat exchanger 200 Heat exchanger system 210 Fan 300 Ventilation unit 400 Double ventilation unit

Claims

1. Heat exchanger (100) designed as a gas-solid heat exchanger comprising at least one support (10, 15, 20) with a plurality of heat exchanger bars (30) arranged on the support, wherein the heat exchanger bars extend radially from the support.

2. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one support is an inner support (10) from whose outer surface the heat exchanger bars (30) extend, or an outer support (15) from whose inner surface the heat exchanger bars (30) extend, or a central support (20) from whose inner surface and from whose outer surface heat exchanger bars extend, wherein in particular the outer support forms a housing or is integrated in a housing (50).

3. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat exchanger bars (30) are arranged such that the heat exchanger bars form a closed surface when viewed from a top view of an end face of the heat exchanger, wherein preferably at least one heat exchanger bar is additionally covered by a further heat exchanger bar in this top view of an end face of the heat exchanger, wherein further preferably a plurality of heat exchanger bars is covered by a plurality of further heat exchanger bars.

4. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein several of the heat exchanger rods (30) are arranged on the support (10, 15, 20) within at least one plane, preferably arranged orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger, at uniform or uneven intervals from one another and / or wherein the planes are spaced equally or unequally from one another and / or wherein the at least one support (10, 15, 20) has a circular, oval, rectangular or polygonal cross-section.

5. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which several heat exchanger bars (30), in particular all heat exchanger bars, are of the same construction and / or in which at least one of the heat exchanger bars (30) has a round, oval, rectangular or polygonal cross-section and a length of the heat exchanger bar is a multiple of the largest cross-sectional dimension of the heat exchanger bar.

6. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the heat exchanger bars (30) has a constant or changing cross-sectional profile over its length, wherein the change in cross-section over the length is continuous or discrete, or wherein at least one of the heat exchanger bars (30) has a cross-sectional profile over its length which is a combination of areas with constant cross-sections and areas with cross-sections that change continuously or discretely over the length.

7. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the heat exchanger rods (30) is straight, bent or spiral and / or wherein at least one of the heat exchanger rods (30) is hollow.

8. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat exchanger bars (30) all have the same length or several heat exchanger bars (30) have different lengths and / or wherein several heat exchanger bars (30) are mounted individually and / or several heat exchanger bars (30) are grouped together in heat exchanger assemblies (40) on the support (10, 15, 20) and / or wherein at least one of the heat exchanger bars (30) comprises a ceramic, a polymer material, in particular polystyrene or ABS, or a metallic material, in particular stainless steel.

9. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat exchanger rods (30) are arranged in receptacles (5) on the support (10, 15, 20) or wherein the support (10, 15, 20) and the heat exchanger rods (30) are manufactured together in one piece.

10. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one partition wall for fluidically separating two air flows over the entire longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger.

11. Heat exchanger system (200) comprising at least two heat exchangers (100) according to one of the preceding claims, and at least one connecting element configured to connect at least two heat exchangers together.

12. Heat exchanger system (200) according to claim 11, wherein the at least one connecting element is formed on at least one heat exchanger or wherein the at least one connecting element is a separate component, in particular a connecting element arranged in a mounted state between at least two heat exchangers (100) according to claims 1 to 18 or a receptacle arranged around at least parts of the heat exchangers or a housing around the heat exchangers.

13. Ventilation device (300) comprising at least one heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10 or at least one heat exchanger system (200) according to one of claims 11 to 12 and at least one fan (210), wherein the at least one fan is preferably bidirectionally operable, in particular further comprising a common housing in which the at least one heat exchanger (100) or the at least one heat exchanger system (200) and the at least one fan (210) are arranged.

14. Double ventilation unit (400) for indoor ventilation, comprising in a common housing (50) - a first air guidance device for guiding a first airflow, comprising a first indoor outlet, a first flow chamber in which at least one first bidirectionally operable fan (210) is arranged, and a first outdoor outlet, - a second air guidance device fluidically separated from the first air guidance device for guiding a second airflow, comprising a second indoor outlet, a second flow chamber in which at least one second bidirectionally operable fan (210) is arranged, and a second outdoor outlet, - at least one heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 2 to 10, which extends into the first and into the second air guidance device,in both air guidance devices, between the respective interior and exterior outlets, and is designed by means of the central support (20) or the partition (90) to guide the first airflow and the second airflow fluidically separated, but thermally coupled, wherein the heat exchanger (100) in the first and the second air guidance device additionally forms a regenerator, - wherein the first and the second interior outlet are fluidly separated in a common interior sub-housing, and the first and the second exterior outlet are fluidly separated in a common exterior sub-housing, and - wherein the first and the second flow chamber and the heat exchanger (100) are arranged in a common central part of the housing (50).

15. Double ventilation unit (400) for indoor ventilation, comprising in a common housing (50) - a first air guidance device for guiding a first airflow, comprising a first indoor outlet, a first flow chamber in which at least one first bidirectionally operable fan (210) is arranged, and a first outdoor outlet, - a second air guidance device fluidically separated from the first air guidance device for guiding a second airflow, comprising a second indoor outlet, a second flow chamber in which at least one second bidirectionally operable fan (210) is arranged, and a second outdoor outlet, - a heat exchanger system (200) according to one of claims 11 to 12, which extends into the first and into the second air guidance device,in both air ducts between the respective interior and exterior outlets, and is designed by means of the central support (20) or the partition (90) to guide the first airflow and the second airflow fluidically separated, but thermally coupled, wherein the heat exchanger system (200) additionally forms a regenerator in the first and the second air duct, - wherein the first and the second interior outlet are fluidly separated in a common interior sub-housing, and the first and the second exterior outlet are fluidly separated in a common exterior sub-housing, and - wherein the first and the second flow chamber and the heat exchanger system are arranged in a common central part of the housing (50).

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