Method and device for separating a textile consisting of plastic fibres

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for the thermal separation of a textile (10) consisting of plastic fibres (9). According to the invention, an impact pulse acts on the textile (10), which is arranged in a single layer between a pair of unheated impact jaws (2, 4), such that the textile is separated and the separation edge (12) is formed, wherein the plastic of the plastic fibres (9) melted during the impact pulse is limited to the region of the separation edge (12).

Description

[0001] Method and device for separating a textile consisting of plastic fibers

[0002] The invention relates to a method and a device for thermally separating a textile made of synthetic fibers. Suitable textiles include, for example, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens, or even ropes, cords, or threads, each made of meltable synthetic fibers.

[0003] Known methods for processing flat material webs, such as the separation of films by means of an impact pulse using a film punch according to the document DE 10 2015 211 622 A1, are not suitable for separating textiles in such a way that a separation edge is formed which protects the textile or the rope from fraying at the edge after separation.

[0004] JP S58-78 605 A offers a solution for separating a textile using a percussion pulse. A continuously manufactured zipper is divided into sections of the required length using individual percussion pulses. However, a continuous and high-speed process is not described.

[0005] The impact device and impact process described in US Pat. No. 4,747,455 A is capable of generating individual impacts. A continuous process is not described.

[0006] The object of the present invention is therefore to thermally separate textiles based on or consisting of plastic fibers and to offer a robust, inexpensive, and rapid process for continuous use, while simultaneously protecting the textile from fiber disintegration. A further object of the invention provides an energy-saving and simple device for separating textiles with the corresponding properties.

[0007] The object of the invention is achieved by a method for thermally separating a plastic fiber-based textile or a textile consisting of plastic fibers, wherein the plastic fiber must be meltable. The melting point must be below the temperature achievable during the impact pulse.

[0008] A striking impulse, a lifting movement of at least one of the striking jaws running perpendicular to the textile, with a penetration time of at least one of the striking jaws into the textile of less than 10 ms, is applied to the textile arranged between a pair of unheated striking jaws. The pair of unheated striking jaws also exists when one striking jaw works against an abutment, an anvil. The abutment or anvil then forms the second striking jaw of the pair. It is not necessary to heat the striking jaws. In fact, this would be detrimental, especially if heating, an external supply of heat, led to softening of the textile. This also prohibits preheating of the textiles. Therefore, "unheated" refers to a temperature of the striking jaws and the textile that remains below the softening temperature of the textiles.If the impact jaws or the textiles are slightly heated for other reasons, this does not affect the process according to the invention and the impact jaws or the textiles are considered unheated or not preheated within the meaning of the invention.

[0009] According to the invention, the opposing impact jaws are used in a high-speed, continuous process. The thermal separation method is preferably integrated into a high-speed, continuous process or a high-speed machine or system. This particularly applies to a continuous web-running process with continuous feed, for example, in a system for manufacturing technical textile products such as face masks. Such systems operate, for example, at 100 cycles per minute.

[0010] The separation edge on a textile made of synthetic fibers, e.g., woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, nonwovens, or even ropes, cords, or threads, consists of fused synthetic fibers. It was created by or during the thermal separation of the textile. Thermal separation is defined as the textile being first squeezed or otherwise deformed at a knitting point, which generates the heat required for separation and, in particular, the formation of the separation edge. The resulting heat fuses the synthetic fibers together.

[0011] For this purpose, an impact pulse is applied to the textile, which is arranged in at least one layer between a pair of unheated impact jaws. The effect of the impact pulse begins between the unheated impact jaws. In any case, heating the impact jaws is not necessary; in fact, it is detrimental, especially if heating, via an external heat supply, leads to premature softening of the textile and thereby impairs the heat generation during forming. Preheating of the textiles is therefore also prohibited. Therefore, "unheated" within the meaning of the invention means a temperature of the impact jaws and the textiles that remains below the softening temperature of the textile. If, for other reasons, the impact jaws or the textiles are slightly heated, this does not affect the inventive method, and the impact jaws or the textiles are considered unheated or not preheated within the meaning of the invention.A pair of unheated jaws also exists when they are an unequal pair and one jaw works against an abutment or anvil, which then forms the second jaw of the pair.

[0012] The impact pulse is a lifting movement of at least one of the impact jaws running perpendicular to the textile layer with a penetration time of at least one of the impact jaws into the textile of less than 10 ms. The impact pulse, which is preferably caused by a mechanical drive, acts on the textile, separating the textile and forming the separating edge. This occurs when the separated plastic fibers of the textile immediately fuse with one another, as the material was reshaped during the separating process and heat was generated. The plastic fibers are thus fixed in place and unwanted unraveling of the textile from the edge, i.e. defibration, is prevented. The separating edge is formed when the impact pulse penetrates the textile, deforms it and thereby briefly heats and melts its fibers, with the heating being limited to the immediate effective zone, the area of ​​the separating edge.

[0013] The separating edge can be applied, for example, to a woven, knitted, or nonwoven fabric, or the textile can be a rope, thread, or cord. The plastic melted by the impact pulse is confined to the area of ​​the separating edge, whereas conventional melting processes, due to the lack of precise heating, heat and melt a larger area. This leads to larger hardened areas and, in some cases, an unsightly appearance.

[0014] The immediate limitation of the separating edge to a narrow area is particularly advantageous for a woven, knitted, or nonwoven fabric that is cut out as a ready-made garment according to the invention and simultaneously trimmed by the separating edge. Unlike conventional fusing processes, the separating edge is kept to a minimum, preventing a hardened area that could scratch a garment or impair its visual appearance.

[0015] The separation edge, and consequently the process for its production, are far more important in the field of technical textiles, for example, filter fleeces or fleeces for battery production. For large-scale production, mold-based processes offer a clear advantage over incremental processes such as laser cutting. Additional advantages of the invention include low energy consumption and simple, fail-safe system technology.

[0016] It has been shown that the impact impulse can not only cut out the textiles, but also create an imprint that follows the contours of the impact jaws. This effect can be used for other applications, such as strengthening the material, imprinting information, or creating designs.

[0017] A surface is solidified using a relatively flat impact jaw. This can be useful, for example, for a wider edge to which other elements are attached, such as a rubber band on a filter mask. According to the invention, joining, e.g., the rubber band, can also be achieved using an impact pulse, which can be achieved by welding or the use of a meltable adhesive. The required brief heating is then also introduced into the material by the impact pulse and the resulting deformation.

[0018] By solidifying a surface, the edge of an eyelet can be created, and the required opening in the eyelet can be cut out beforehand or afterwards. Solidification then occurs in a similar way to the creation of the separating edge by melting as a result of one or more impact pulses. The impact pulses can also be applied selectively, in which case numerous solidified points arranged in a row lead to the desired surface. While a linear punch is used for separating and forming the separating edge, a more flat shape is advantageous for melting to form a surface or for thermal joining. Due to the rapid temperature rise, the material temperature has hardly any influence, unless it even leads to detrimental softening of the material. The same applies to the impact jaws, which are not preheated ordo not need to be preheated, as the temperature required for bonding is generated in the textile itself in a very short time during the impulse. The heating and melting of the textile is therefore advantageously limited to an immediate effective zone and a contact time. Due to the high deformation speed, adiabatic heating of the textiles in the effective zone occurs with minimal energy input and without heat exchange with the surrounding air and the adjacent areas of the textile. Only as much material of the plastic fibers is liquefied as is necessary to form the separation edge by fusing the fiber ends. This also prevents liquid material from molten fibers from being forced out of the joining area and unnecessarily thickening the separation area.

[0019] Preferably, the impact pulse is generated by a mechanical drive. When the impact pulse acts on the textile, it is severed at that location, and a compression zone and / or a separation edge is formed, followed by the return stroke of at least one impact jaw. The impact pulse acts at least with a first intensity F n on the textile to compress it plastically. If the impact pulse acts with a second intensity F i2 on the textile, the textile is separated between the impact jaws and on both sides of a dividing line, depending on the contour of the impact jaw, compressed or at least melted separating edges remain consisting of fused plastic fibers.

[0020] In addition, this saves time and requires less energy input. Such a narrow heat-affected zone is unattainable with conventional methods for melting the edge or end of a textile because the heat dissipates too quickly, which would enlarge the heated and softened area of ​​the textile. It has been shown that the melting width during separation is limited to an area that does not exceed twice the thickness of the textile layers.

[0021] In a step preceding the impact impulse, the textiles are clamped between the pair of impact jaws with a pre-tension force F vpressed against each other. The impact pulse is then applied to at least one of the driven jaws or the impact pulse is passed on by at least one of the jaws and ultimately acts on the textiles. Thus, as an alternative to the tool directly impacting the textiles, the textiles arranged on top of each other are first pressed together. This partially compensates for the roughness of the tool surfaces and, above all, the textiles. In all cases, a temperature effect occurs in the zone of action where the separating edge is formed, which causes local heating. This leads to very brief melting of the plastic from which the plastic fibers are made during the penetration period and due to the mechanical stress occurring during the penetration of the impact pulse at a correspondingly high deformation speed.

[0022] It has proven advantageous if, in the step preceding the impact pulse, the textile is subjected to a pre-tensioning force Fv, preferably by means of at least one pre-tensioning roller, and then the impact pulse of at least one of the driven impact jaws acts on the textile. To carry out the process continuously in this way, the pre-tensioning device is designed as a rotating pre-tensioning roller under which the web can move.

[0023] At least one driven impact jaw can be moved within the pre-tension roller and executes the impact impulse whenever it is aligned perpendicular to the textile.

[0024] According to an alternative embodiment, the impact pulse, caused by at least one of the driven impact jaws, acts indirectly on the textile via the at least one pre-tension roller. For this purpose, the impact pulse is first applied by the at least one impact jaw to the at least one pre-tension roller. Given that at least one of the impact jaws first applies the impact pulse to the pre-tension roller, the pre-tension roller is designed to transmit the impact pulse. The impact pulse is indirectly introduced into the textile by the pre-tension roller. For this purpose, the pre-tension roller can have a corresponding profile on its outer surface or a diameter that enables the impact pulse to act with the corresponding contour and intensity.

[0025] Alternatively, the impact drive can also act on the pre-tension roller or an additional, appropriately profiled roller. This then serves solely as the impact jaw. An additional impact jaw can then be omitted. Melting remains limited to the effective zone. As a result, the surrounding area is neither affected by unwanted heat input (e.g., the area surrounding the separation edge in the textile burns, as with conventional melting methods), nor does heat flow into the environment as energy loss.

[0026] The impact pulse is preferably generated by a mechanical or magnetic drive, with the mechanical drive of the impact jaws being directly generated, or the indirectly transmitted impact pulse being transmitted by spring force, a drop weight, a magnetic drive, or a cam-disk drive. The cam-disk drive allows particularly fast movements to be controlled without delay and with precise amplitude. In particular, the spring force and the drop weight can be manually adjusted to the position where they generate force, allowing the method according to the invention to be carried out without an external power supply.

[0027] A pair of unheated impact jaws also exists when they are an unequal pair and one impact jaw works against a passive, flat abutment, which then forms the second impact jaw of the pair. The impact pulse is a lifting movement of at least one of the impact jaws that is essentially perpendicular to the textiles, with at least one of the impact jaws penetrating the textiles for a duration of less than 10 ms. The penetration duration is preferably less than 5 ms, particularly preferably less than 1 ms, depending on the thickness of the textile. To generate the impact pulse, the tool either crashes onto the textiles, preferably at a starting speed of 1 to 5 m / s, and is decelerated to a standstill during the penetration time. The impact pulse is preferably generated by a mechanical drive, alternatively by an electric magnetic drive.

[0028] The impact pulse is applied by the upper impact jaw or, alternatively, by both impact jaws acting against each other. In particular, with impact jaws acting against each other, these are used for and integrated into high-speed, continuous processes, or high-speed machines or systems, in particular a continuous web process with continuous feed, for example, in a system for the production of technical textile products such as face masks, which operates at 100 cycles per minute. The impact jaws can be designed as rollers, which, for example, also function as feed rollers, which generate the pretensioning force F v while the impulse force Fj is transferred to the textiles by an impact on the rollers.

[0029] The object of the invention is also achieved by a device for separating a textile made of plastic fibers by thermal separation. According to the invention, thermal separation is defined as the textile being first crushed or otherwise deformed by the penetrating action area of ​​the impact jaw, whereby the heat required for separation, and in particular for the formation of the separation edge, is generated in the textile, and the plastic fibers fuse together.

[0030] For this purpose, the device comprises a pair of unheated impact jaws between which the textile is arranged in at least one layer during the separation process, a device for generating a pulse during the thermal separation introduces a striking pulse into at least one of the impact jaws, which then acts on the textile, separates it at a separation point and a separation edge is formed on both sides of the separation point.

[0031] A pair of unheated impact jaws also exists when one impact jaw works against an abutment, a flat anvil, which then forms the second impact jaw of the pair. The pulse generation device is designed to introduce a striking pulse into at least one of the impact jaws. The striking pulse represents a reciprocating movement of at least one of the impact jaws, running perpendicular to the textile layer, with a penetration time into the textile and into the textile of less than 10 ms. The striking pulse acts on the textile and forms the separating edge in the effective area of ​​the impact jaws by melting the plastic fibers at the edge of the textile. The striking pulse is preferably generated by a drive device.

[0032] According to the invention, the first and / or second impact jaw are designed for operation in a high-speed, continuous process, in particular a web-running process with continuous feed, as described above for the method according to the invention. According to an advantageous embodiment of the method and device, the first and / or second impact jaw are designed as a rolling tool for operation in a web-running process with continuous feed. Alternatively, the first and / or second impact jaw are designed as a tool that pivots towards the action point or as a tool that is temporarily carried along with the web during the cutting or embossing process, as is customary and generally known for certain processing stages in web-running processes, so that the impact pulse can be applied while the web is moving.The tool carried along can be essentially stationary impact jaws, which, however, are guided at path speed during the impact impulse and then returned to the starting position more quickly.

[0033] The device according to the invention is therefore suitable for installation in complex systems, which can also replace established cutting technology. It has proven advantageous for the pair of impact jaws to be made of hardened steel with a ground surface. Furthermore, each of the impact jaws contains elements for attachment to the drive device.

[0034] According to an advantageous further development, a device for applying a preload force F v provided, by which the impact jaws are pre-tensioned by means of the pre-tensioning force F v pressed against each other.

[0035] In the preferred embodiment, the pair of impact jaws consists of at least a first impact jaw with an effective area having a profiled cross-section. It has further proven advantageous if the pair of impact jaws includes the second impact jaw with a wedge-shaped effective area. An advantageous profiled cross-section has a wedge profile delimited by two radii R2 with any desired contour shape and a width a that covers at least the effective zone separating edge. According to a first alternative, the profiled cross-section is designed as a radius R1. According to a second alternative, the profiled cross-section is wedge-shaped with an angle a to the flat effective area of ​​the second impact jaw, the wedge tip of which is designed as a radius R3.In general, regardless of the design of the profiled cross-section, the main profile, it is advantageous if it is limited by radii to prevent unwanted bending of the textile at the edge of the profile. It has also proven advantageous if the pair of impact jaws includes a second, usually lower, impact jaw with a flat effective area or with a profiled cross-section.

[0036] According to a first embodiment, the drive device acts on the first impact jaw, or according to a second embodiment, on the first and second impact jaws. The drive device for generating the impact pulse comprises a spring, a drop weight, or a mechanical gear. According to an advantageous embodiment, the mechanical gear is a cam-disk drive, the advantages of which have already been explained above. Furthermore, a magnetic drive is provided that directly drives the impact jaw or an associated plunger.

[0037] Compared to established separation processes, the sealing process proposed by the invention offers the following advantages:

[0038] • very cost-effective and robust plant and tool technology,

[0039] • purely mechanical and manually operated solutions can be implemented (spring preload),

[0040] • extremely short processing time,

[0041] • Specific cutting or embossing patterns can be achieved through profile patterns of the tools,

[0042] • very low energy consumption, therefore very high energy efficiency,

[0043] • advantageous as a form-based process, as it is faster than incremental processes (such as lasers) for large quantities.

[0044] The advantages mentioned above result in advantageous applications in the following areas:

[0045] • Use for continuous processes due to high process speed,

[0046] • Applications for separating without electrical energy using spring preload for mobile use.

[0047] • technical textiles, e.g. filter fleeces, fleeces for battery production.

[0048] The invention will be explained in more detail below based on the description of exemplary embodiments and their illustration in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: Fig. 1: shows a schematic view of a process sequence of the inventive method for separating textiles;

[0049] Fig. 2: schematic perspective views of three embodiments of an impact jaw according to the invention with different effective areas;

[0050] Fig. 3: schematically a perspective view of an embodiment of a first impact jaw according to the invention with an effective area with a flat profiled cross-section;

[0051] Fig. 4: schematically a perspective view of an embodiment of a second impact jaw according to the invention with a flat effective area;

[0052] Fig. 5: schematic side view of an embodiment of a continuous web running process;

[0053] Fig. 6: schematic side view of another embodiment of a continuous web running process;

[0054] Fig. 7: a schematic view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention with separate textiles;

[0055] Fig. 8: schematically an enlarged view of a separated textile with a separating edge; Fig. 9: schematically an enlarged view of a plastic fiber of a separated textile with a separating edge and

[0056] Fig. 10: schematically an enlarged view of a plastic fiber of a textile with a compressed active zone.

[0057] Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a process sequence of the inventive method for separating textiles 10, which here are inserted in two layers into the device 1, using an impact pulse. The process sequence is shown in three steps, starting from the left. In a first step, a first impact jaw 2 is moved along the feed path s z The cutting jaw 4 is moved in the direction of the arrow up to the surface of the textiles 10 until a working profile 6' touches the textiles 10. The two textiles 10 to be separated, which are also to receive a separating edge 12, rest on the surface of the second impact jaw 4, here designed as a flat anvil. The working profile 6' of the first impact jaw 2 is wedge-shaped.

[0058] In a second step, the first impact jaw 2 is subjected to a pre-tensioning force F vpressed against the textiles 10. Under the preload thus created, which compensates for the roughness and elasticity of the textiles 10, the impulse force F is applied in the third step to separate the textiles 10, which briefly melt, which simultaneously leads to the formation of the separating edge 12. The described process is repeated in rapid succession when used within a high-speed, continuous process, as provided for by the invention.

[0059] Fig. 2 schematically shows, in views a), b), and c), three perspective views, each of an embodiment of an impact jaw 2 according to the invention, each with a differently profiled cross-section. View a) shows a flat cross-section with a flat working area, delimited by two radii R2. For an exemplary effective profile 6, the preferred radius R2 = 1 to 4 mm, and the flat profile has a width a = 0.1 to 0.5 mm. Such and similar, particularly wider, profiles are primarily used for compression.

[0060] In view b), the cross-section is wedge-shaped, particularly suitable for cutting, and forms an effective profile 6, as used in Fig. 1. In view c), the cross-section is designed as a radius and is also suitable for cutting, but the cutting edge 12 is compressed and overall wider.

[0061] Fig. 3 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a first impact jaw 2 according to the invention with an effective area 6 with a flat profiled cross-section, as shown in detail in Fig. 2. A receiving opening 8 serves for the insertion of a clamping bolt (not shown here), with which the first impact jaw 2 is fastened in an impact jaw receptacle 26 (see Fig. 5) of a machine which applies the preload force F v and the impulse force F, on the first impact jaw 2.

[0062] Fig. 4 schematically shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a second impact jaw 4 according to the invention with a flat, anvil-like working area. The second impact jaw 4 is mounted on a impact jaw holder 28.

[0063] Fig. 5 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of a continuous web-running process in which the textiles 10 run off two web rolls 40 and are fed in two layers to the device 1. In the device 1 for separating textiles 10, the textile 10 runs in two layers between the first impact jaw 2 and the second impact jaw 4, where the separation and the production of the separating edge 12 (in the illustration, the separating edge 12 is not yet formed and the separation is still pending) take place. However, precautions must be taken to ensure the continuity of the web-running process even during the action of the pre-tensioning force, but also the impact impulse.This can be achieved, for example, by cyclically moving and returning the device 1 in and against the web running direction or by a web storage device after the web rollers 40 and before the device 1 (both not shown, but known from the prior art).

[0064] Fig. 6 shows a schematic side view of another embodiment of a continuous web-running process. The pre-tensioning force is applied by pre-tensioning rollers 42, between which the textiles 10 run in two webs. A pulse-generating device 30, in particular an impact gear, acts on one or both pre-tensioning rollers 42, so that the textiles 10 are separated, leaving a separating edge 12 at each separation point.

[0065] Fig. 7 schematically shows a side view of an embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention during the separation of the textiles 10, wherein a separation edge 12 is simultaneously formed. This is particularly clear in the enlarged view in Fig. 8. The device 1 comprises the impact jaws 2, 4, shown after the return stroke, which releases the separated textiles 10 with the separation edge 12 on both remaining parts of the textiles 10 after separation.

[0066] Fig. 8 shows a schematic enlarged view of a severed textile 10 with a separating edge 12. It can be seen how the plastic fibers 9 are fused together and thereby form the separating edge 12. Above all, this ensures that the textile 10 remains protected from undesired unraveling even after separation and that individual plastic fibers 9 do not become detached. Examples are woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, or nonwovens, in which the separating edge can replace a hem. In other examples of the application of the method according to the invention, the textile is a rope, thread, or cord, and the separating edge forms an end that is secured against fraying. Without such a securing measure, plastic fibers 9 can become detached from the edge after cutting without further measures, and the textile 10 gradually falls apart. Fig.Figure 9 shows a schematic enlarged view of a plastic fiber 9 belonging to a severed textile 10 with a separation edge 12. A dashed line indicates a heat-affected zone 13. This shows that the heat development in the material caused by the impact pulse remains limited to the separation edge 12.

[0067] Fig. 10 schematically shows an enlarged view of a compressed active site, a compression region 11 of a plastic fiber 9. The textile material 10 is formed from a plurality of plastic fibers 9. The region of the plastic fiber 9 adjacent to the compression region 11 does not appear thickened, as is the case, for example, with other prior art thermal separation or welding processes due to liquid plastic material being forced out of a molten region. This clearly demonstrates that no excess plastic material is melted and displaced.

[0068] Rather, the heat-affected zone 13, whose boundary to the unaffected areas of the plastic fiber 9 is represented by a dashed line, is limited to the area of ​​the compressed joint 14. Neither the plastic fiber 9 nor any area outside it are affected by unwanted heating.

[0069] List of reference symbols

[0070] 1 device

[0071] 2 first jaw

[0072] 4 second jaw

[0073] 6, 6' effective range, effective profile

[0074] 8 Receiving opening

[0075] 9 plastic fiber

[0076] 10 Textile, textiles, textile material

[0077] 11 Compression range

[0078] 12 Separation margin

[0079] 13 Heat-affected zone

[0080] 20 impact press

[0081] 22 stands

[0082] 24 control levers

[0083] 26 first impact jaw holder

[0084] 28 second impact jaw holder

[0085] 30 (Device for) pulse generation

[0086] 32 Feed device

[0087] 40 web rolls

[0088] 42 Rolling tool, pre-tension roller a effective profile width

[0089] R1 first effective profile radius

[0090] R2 second effective profile radius

[0091] R3 third effective profile radius

[0092] F v Preload force

[0093] Fi impulse force, intensity of the impact impulse s z Delivery route

Claims

Patent claims 1. A method for the thermal separation of a textile (10) consisting of plastic fibers (9), wherein an impact pulse, a lifting movement of at least one of the impact jaws (2, 4) running perpendicular to the textile (10) with a penetration time of at least one of the impact jaws (2, 4) into the textile (10) of less than 10 ms, acts on the textile (10) on the textile (10) arranged between a pair of unheated impact jaws (2, 4), whereby the textile (10) is separated between the impact jaws (2, 4) and a separating edge (12) of molten plastic fibers (9) is formed, characterized in that the opposing impact jaws (2, 4) are used in a high-speed, continuous process.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first and / or the second impact jaw (2, 4) is designed as a rolling tool (42) and the rolling tool (42) runs in a web running process with continuous feed.

3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first and / or the second impact jaw (2, 4) are designed as a tool pivoting towards the effective point and acting in a web running process with continuous feed.

4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first and / or the second impact jaw (2, 4) is designed as a tool which is carried along with the web during the cutting process and acts in a web running process with continuous feed.

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in a step preceding the impact pulse, the textile (10) is tensioned by means of at least one pretensioning roller (42) with a pretensioning force F v is applied and then the impact pulse of at least one of the driven impact jaws (2, 4) acts.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the impact pulse transmitted by at least one of the driven impact jaws (2, 4) via the at least one pre-tensioning roller (42) acts on the textile (10), wherein the at least one impact jaw (2, 4) first applies the impact pulse to the at least one pre-tensioning roller (42) for transmission to the textile (10).

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mechanical drive which causes the impact pulse is effected by spring force, a drop weight, a magnetic drive or a cam disk drive.

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the impact pulse is applied by the upper impact jaw (2) alone or by both impact jaws (2, 4) acting against each other.

9. Device for the thermal separation of a textile (10) consisting of plastic fibers (9), wherein the device (1) comprises a pair of unheated impact jaws (2, 4), between which the textile (10) is arranged in at least one layer during the separation process, and further comprises a device for pulse generation (30) which is designed to introduce an impact pulse into at least one of the impact jaws (2, 4), characterized in that the first and / or the second impact jaw (2, 4) are designed and arranged to act in a high-speed, continuous process.

10. Device according to claim 9, wherein the first and / or the second impact jaw (2, 4) are designed according to a first embodiment as a rolling tool (42), according to a second embodiment as a tool pivoting towards the effective point or according to a third embodiment as a tool carried along with the web during the separating process.

11. Device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein a pretensioning device is included which has a pretensioning force (F v ) and the impact jaws (2, 4) are clamped before the impact impulse by means of the pre-tensioning force (F v ) against each other.

12. Device according to claim 11, wherein the pretensioning device is designed as a pretensioning roller (42).

13. Device according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the impact jaws (2, 4) applies the impact pulse to the pre-tensioning roller (42) and the latter is designed to transmit the impact pulse, the impact pulse being introduced into the textile (10) by the pre-tensioning roller (42).

14. Device according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the pair of impact jaws (2, 4) consists of at least a first impact jaw (2) with an effective area with a profiled cross-section (6').

15. Device according to claim 14, wherein the profiled cross-section (6') is formed as a radius RT.

16. Device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the profiled cross-section (6') is wedge-shaped with an angle a against the planar effective area of ​​the second impact jaw (4), the wedge tip of which is designed as a radius R3.

17. Device according to one of claims 9 to 16, wherein the pair of impact jaws (2, 4) comprises a second impact jaw (4) with a flat effective area (6) or with a profiled cross-section (6').

18. Device according to one of claims 9 to 17, wherein the pulse generating device (30) is designed to act only on one of the impact jaws (2, 4) alone or on the first and second impact jaws (2, 4) simultaneously.

19. Device according to one of claims 9 to 18, wherein the pulse generating device (30) comprises a spring, a drop weight or a mechanical gear.

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