Apparatus for an inductive charging system, and inductive charging system

Abstract

A device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) for an inductive charging system (100) is described, comprising an input terminal (504a), a storage device for electrical energy (202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e) and an input safety device (502a, 502c), wherein: the input safety device (502a, 502c) is disposed between the input terminal (504a) and the storage device (202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e) for electrical energy; the input safety device (502a, 502c) has at least one safety element, selected from the group of safety elements consisting of an RCD (404), at least one safety switch (1103) and a discharging element (1104).

Description

[0001] Device for an inductive charging system and inductive charging system

[0002] The invention relates to the technical field of inductive charging. In particular, the present invention relates to a device for an inductive charging system and an inductive charging system.

[0003] Background of the invention

[0004] For the electrical charging of a purely electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (PHEV, plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle), which runs on a combination of fuel and electrical energy, an inductive energy transfer system can be used if the charging is to be contactless. In such a system, an alternating magnetic field in the frequency range of 25...150 kHz is generated. It should be noted that outside of this frequency band, the limits for the emission of electromagnetic waves are defined by internationally applicable standards. Although a magnetic field is essentially used for energy transfer, the fact that the magnetic field changes means that it is inherently an electromagnetic wave. Due to the slow changes in field strength, the electromagnetic wave used for inductive charging has a wavelength of several kilometers.

[0005] In order to comply with these emission limits, it is important to ensure that the alternating magnetic field used for energy transmission operates with a fundamental oscillation in the range 25...150 kHz and contains only very low harmonics. Therefore, filters are used to remove interfering harmonics as far as possible. Furthermore, in order to comply with internationally applicable standards and guidelines, it must be ensured that energy transmission only occurs when a certain quality of coupling is achieved. This is achieved by setting a specific alignment of the coupling elements, for example, using a positioning system as described in document EP 3 103 674 A1. A GPM (Ground Pad Module) or GA (Ground Assembly) with a primary coil is used as the coupling element for energy transmission on the stationary side, and a CPM (Car Pad Module) or CA (Car Assembly) with a secondary coil is used on the vehicle side.The GA and CA form a transformer for coupling and power transmission. The physical alignment of the coupling elements relative to each other is measured and adjusted using a positioning signal, e.g., WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network). Different transmission paths and different transmission technologies are used for power transmission and the transmission of the positioning signal.

[0006] Since the GA in particular is installed on public land and a DC (Direct Current) voltage is applied, protection must be provided.

[0007] It may be considered an object of the present invention to enable effective protection in the event of faults in an inductive charging system.

[0008] Summary of the invention

[0009] Accordingly, a device for an inductive charging system and an inductive charging system are specified.

[0010] The subject matter of the invention is defined by the features of the independent claims. Embodiments and further aspects of the invention are defined by the dependent claims and the following description.

[0011] According to one aspect of the present invention, a device, in particular a protective device, for an inductive charging system is specified, comprising an input connection, a storage device for electrical energy, an input safety device, wherein the input safety device is arranged between the input connection and the storage device for electrical energy and wherein the input safety device has at least one safety element selected from the group of safety elements consisting of an RCD (Residual Current Device), at least one safety switch and a discharge element.

[0012] The storage device can be an element of the inductive charging system that stores electronic energy. Such storage devices can be coils and / or capacitors installed in the inductive charging system.

[0013] The input safety device may be designed in such a way that it dissipates a high charge of the storage device as far as possible within the device, in particular within a housing of the device, so that a protective effect occurs outside the housing.

[0014] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the device further comprises an output terminal and an output safety device, wherein the output safety device is arranged between the output terminal and the storage device for electrical energy and wherein the output safety device comprises at least one safety element selected from the group of safety elements consisting of an RCD, at least one safety switch and a discharge element.

[0015] In other words, the protection of an output may be essentially the same as the protection of an input.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, the device comprises an input connection monitoring device and / or an output connection monitoring device, wherein the input connection monitoring device and / or the output connection monitoring device is configured to detect a fault in a connecting element connected to it, for example in a cable.

[0017] The input connection monitoring device and / or an output connection monitoring device can be designed as safety elements and can be triggered if it is detected that the connection, for example a cable, between individual components and / or devices of the inductive charging system is corrupted and / or torn and the HV (high voltage) lines and / or the high-voltage lines are exposed. To detect this, an electrical connection can be monitored. This can be done by applying a measuring current, a measuring voltage, a measuring impedance and / or a combination of the like. For monitoring purposes, a signal can be modulated onto the HV and / or the LV (low voltage) lines. The LV line can carry a DC voltage that is lower than the DC voltage of the HV line.

[0018] The monitoring devices can also be constructed as a dedicated line, i.e. essentially as a line laid parallel to the lines and / or cables of the inductive system.

[0019] Monitoring devices may be designed in such a way that if the electrical connection is interrupted, it can be assumed that the cable is broken and the HV lines are exposed and pose a hazard.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, the device comprises a cable shield and / or cable sheath, wherein the cable shield and / or cable sheath is connected to at least one of the input terminal and the output terminal.

[0021] The cable shield and / or cable jacket can protect a cable from physical contact. It can also carry a signal that can be used to detect a fault.

[0022] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the cable shield can be used for cable insulation monitoring by injecting a current into the cable shield.

[0023] If the current flow can no longer be detected, it can be assumed that a fault is present. According to another aspect of the present invention, the at least one safety switch is used to disconnect the electrical energy storage device from the input terminal and / or the output terminal.

[0024] This may prevent a dangerous voltage from being present on a defective cable for too long if a fault is detected.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention, the at least one safety switch is configured to connect the input terminal and / or the output terminal to the discharge element.

[0026] Even in this way, dangerous voltage can be quickly dissipated.

[0027] According to another aspect of the present invention, the at least one safety switch is configured to connect a current limiting element between the input terminal and the electrical energy storage device, between the output terminal and the electrical energy storage device and / or between the input terminal and the output terminal.

[0028] The current limiting element may ensure that a high current flow is limited in the event of a fault.

[0029] According to another aspect of the present invention, the device is a ground assembly and / or a car assembly of an inductive charging system.

[0030] For example, an inductive charging system may be able to be protected in different places.

[0031] According to another aspect of the present invention, at least one of the input terminal and the output terminal is configured for magnetic coupling.

[0032] In an inductive charging system, a component may establish the magnetic coupling between the ground assembly and the car assembly. According to another aspect of the present invention, an inductive charging system is described comprising at least one of the devices according to the invention.

[0033] An inductive charging system may comprise a chain of devices that may be connected by cables. The use of the invention may help protect against hazards posed by these device connections.

[0034] Short description of the characters

[0035] In the following, further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the figures.

[0036] Fig. 1 shows an inductive charging system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Fig. 2 shows a device protection for a better understanding of the present invention.

[0038] Fig. 3 shows a device protection for devices with small and large energy storage devices for a better understanding of the present invention.

[0039] Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of an inductive charging system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a GA with protection devices according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Fig. 6 to Fig. 9 show various configurations for entrance and / or exit security devices according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Fig. 10 shows a circuit diagram of a motor control according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 11 shows another circuit diagram of a motor control according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Fig. 12 shows a circuit diagram of a protection device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Detailed description of implementation examples

[0045] The representations in the figures are schematic and not to scale. In the following description of Figs. 1 to 12, the same reference numerals are used for identical or corresponding elements.

[0046] Fig. 1 shows an inductive charging system 100 or energy transfer system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This shows a side view of a system for contactless charging of an electric vehicle. A car assembly (CA) is located beneath a vehicle chassis 102.

[0047] 104 or CPA 104, which serves to supply the vehicle 102 with power. For the transmission of the energy, a magnetic field is used, which inductively collects the energy from a Ground Assembly (GA) 105 or GPM arranged on a floor 103.

[0048] 105. The energy required for charging is taken from the main connection 107, which can be either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). A separate connection 101 is used for communication between the CPM 104 and the GPM 105, which can use a radio protocol such as WLAN (Wireless LAN) or NFC, for example. This connection can be used as a feedback channel 101 or as a communication channel 101 via which the CA 104 and the GA 105 can exchange information. Both the magnetic field for energy transmission 106 and the radio signal 101 are electromagnetic waves, but they have different frequencies.

[0049] This study considers a system for inductive energy transfer that can be used for contactless charging of an electric vehicle. In such a system, an alternating magnetic field 106 is generated in the frequency range of, for example, 25...150 kHz. It should be noted that outside this frequency range, the limits for the emission of electromagnetic waves are defined by internationally valid standards. To comply with these limits, it is crucial that the alternating magnetic field 106 operates with the fundamental frequency in the range of 25...150 kHz and contains only very low harmonics.

[0050] Fig. 2 shows a device protection for a better understanding of the present invention.

[0051] A device 201 with a storage device 202 for electrical energy is connected to the main connection 107 via three phases 204. A fault has occurred inside the device 201, which is diverted via the fault connection 203.

[0052] Many power devices or high-voltage devices are protected by the same high-voltage protection concept. The protection mechanisms encompass various categories, such as electrical insulation, electrical shielding or earth connection, an RCD (residual current device), surge protection, and / or a discharge mechanism. These are based on the concept of essentially isolating a device. Therefore, if a fault occurs, either a housing and / or chassis 201 is electrically isolated, has sufficient distance from live parts, and / or is connected to protective earth 501 to bring a current back to the main terminal 107 and / or grid 107, for example, via fault connection 203, thereby triggering a surge protection device.

[0053] Fig. 3 shows a device protection for devices with small and large energy storage devices for a better understanding of the present invention.

[0054] In order to avoid endangering or even injuring people when they unplug a power strip or the plug is touched, it may be provided that active components in a plug that can be touched are to be discharged within a specified time.

[0055] In order to reduce the energy that may have to be discharged, a diode 301 and / or another separation element 301 is used to separate large internal energy storage devices 202 from small energy storage devices 302 that are directly connected to the active connector, for example EMC filters 302.

[0056] For example, RCDs can detect a current flowing to Earth 501 and open the connection between Main Terminal 107, Grid 107, and / or Mains 107, thereby disconnecting the mains voltage from the device. Surge protection does not directly protect people from electric shock, but prevents a short-circuit current from developing into a hazard, such as the risk of fire or explosion.

[0057] Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of an inductive charging system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Here, several protective devices 400a, 400b, 400c of a GA are connected to the RCD 404, starting from the main power supply 107. The GA 105 is connected to a CA 105 via the magnetic field 106. The CA 104 has the protective devices 400d, 400e, which are connected to the vehicle battery 403.

[0059] The protective devices are connected to cables 401 a, 401 b, and 401 c on the GA side and to cables 401 d and 401 e on the CA side. Cables 401 a, 401 b, 401 c, 401 d, and 401 e carry the phases 402, which constitute the current-carrying parts.

[0060] With an inductive charging system 100, not only must protection against the risk of fire and explosion be ensured. It is also important to consider that the GA 105, with its active components, is located in a parking lot and connected to the main connection 107. The GA 105 is exposed to very harsh conditions. This even requires consideration of the possibility of a snowplow colliding with it.

[0061] The ground assembly 105 may include a plurality of components 202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e with energy storage devices and may include one, two, three, or more boxes. The energy storage devices may also include parasitic energy storage devices.

[0062] The inductive charging system 100 features a safety concept tailored to its application, taking into account that the inductive charging system 100 is exposed to harsh conditions and is located in a publicly accessible space. In addition to the harsh environment in which the inductive charging system 100 is used, it must be considered that the connections between the modules 400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, and 400e carry a direct current or DC voltage. This poses a high risk and poses significant problems when it comes to interrupting short-circuit currents.

[0063] Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a GA 105 with protection devices 400a, 400b according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] The protective devices 400a, 400b are essentially identical in structure. A protective device 400a, 400b for an inductive charging system 100 has an input terminal 504a, a storage device 202a, 202b for electrical energy, and an input safety device 502a, 502c, 503b. The input safety device 502a, 502c, 503b is arranged between the input terminal 504a and the storage device 202a, 202b for electrical energy, and the input safety device 502a, 502c, 503b has at least one safety element selected from the group of safety elements consisting of an RCD (residual current device), at least one safety switch, and a discharge element.

[0065] In addition, a variety of RCDs can be used. A safety element can also be designed as a cable shield and / or have a switch to open contacts, a rapid discharge element, and an element implemented according to the principle of an "Enforced Standard Safety Element."

[0066] An inrush current limiting element is often located at the mains input of a device. This element contains a resistor or similar element to limit the current and a relay that shorts out the current limit during use of the device. In conventional power electronics, there is no physical separation between the mains and the device. This is because the residual current device in the infrastructure interrupts the current flow in the event of an insulation break. Conventionally, there is typically only the small charging relay in parallel with pre-charging resistors in series with PFC diodes. In an inductive charging system with multiple boxes and an input relay, which can be a forced current relay, the current coming from the mains can be limited in the event of an insulation fault detected between the boxes.The idea is to amplify the pre-charging relay, which is used to limit the input currents, and to use it to safely interrupt the hazard of the corresponding current path.

[0067] The safety devices may also include mechanisms for checking for cable breaks.

[0068] The protective devices 400a, 400b further comprise an output terminal 504b, in particular a magnetic coupling device, and an output safety device, wherein the output safety device 502b, 503a is arranged between the output terminal 504b and the storage device 202a for electrical energy and wherein the output safety device comprises at least one safety element selected from the group of safety elements consisting of an RCD, at least one safety switch and a discharge element.

[0069] Thus, specific safety elements, for example input safety devices 502a, 502c, 503b, and output safety devices 502b, 503a, are provided at the inputs 504a and outputs 504b of an inductive charging system in order to protect the connections between the individual protective devices 400a, 400b and / or components of the inductive system 100.

[0070] The connections between the individual protective devices 400a, 400b are often cables 401a, 401b, which often do not even have a housing to protect against the harsh environment.

[0071] The grounding 501 is also located between the main connection 107 and the first module 400a.

[0072] Fig. 6 to Fig. 9 show various configurations for input and / or output security devices 502a, 502b, 502c according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] The input and / or output safety devices 502a, 502b, 502c can be implemented as switches that isolate the storage device 202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e from external cables 401a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e, as shown in Fig. 6. The input and / or output safety devices 502a, 502b, 502c can be implemented as switches that form a network with a high discharge time, which are configured, for example, to convert the electrical energy into thermal energy and thus consume the electrical energy within the housing. Fig. 7 shows an example of energy conversion by connecting a resistor in parallel with a capacitor.

[0074] Combinations of both principles, switching off the connection and destroying electrical energy by converting it into heat, are also possible, as shown in Fig. 8. In this case, when the resistor is switched on, the circuit is simultaneously disconnected.

[0075] A further safety device may provide that after one of the input and / or output safety devices 502a, 502b, 502c has triggered and when an electrical-heat conversion has been carried out, it is waited until the discharge element, for example a resistor, has cooled down again before it can be switched on again.

[0076] The switch of an input and / or output safety device 502a, 502b, 502c can be implemented as a relay. The relay can be implemented as an open-closed switch or as a changeover switch.

[0077] In addition to the input and / or output safety device 502a, 502b, 502c and / or the safety element 502a, 502b, 502c, an RCD functionality 404, 503a, 503b may be provided. The RCD functionality 404, 503a, 503b may be located within the inductive charging system between the output safety device 502b and output terminal 504b, but also between input terminal 504a and input safety device 502c. The RCD functionality 503a, 503b may thus be provided as a connecting link between two modules 400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e, but may also be used to connect to the primary RCD in the main terminal 107.

[0078] The shielding of a cable can also be used as an input safety device 502a, 502c, and / or an output safety device 502b. The shielding provides good EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) protection and contributes to safety by allowing a ground current to flow if the damaged cable is short. This short current can be detected by an RCD.

[0079] If the cable has a shield, a test current can be applied to the shield to determine whether the shield is sufficiently insulated. This current measurement can be used as an additional safety measure by detecting broken cables.

[0080] For example, a shielding test current is impressed into the shielding of the cable 401 b.

[0081] The current flow in the cable shielding can be used to detect whether there is a fault in the connection and / or in a connecting element, particularly in the cable 401a, 401b, 401c, 401d, 401e. The safety elements are intended to be triggered if it is detected that the connection and / or the cable 401a, 401b, 401c, 401d, 401e between the devices is corrupted and / or torn and the HV lines 402 are exposed.

[0082] To detect this, an electrical connection can be monitored. This can be done by applying a measuring current, a measuring voltage, a measuring impedance, or a combination of the two. The signal, for example, a current in the shielding, can be modulated onto the HV or LV lines or flow in a dedicated line. If the electrical connection is interrupted, it can be assumed that the cable is broken and the HV lines are exposed.

[0083] A method may be provided which detects the interruption of the current flow and triggers the input safety device 502a, 502c and / or the output safety device 502b.

[0084] Often, a device's circuit includes an inrush current limiting element at the input of the circuit. Such an element comprises a resistor or similar element that can limit the current. It also includes a relay that shorts out the current limit during use of the device.

[0085] However, power electronics often do not provide a physical interruption between the grid 107 or the main connection 107 and the device. In such an infrastructure, the RCD 404 is designed to interrupt the power flow in the event of a break in the insulation.

[0086] Fig. 10 shows a circuit diagram of a motor controller 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0087] For example, at the input of a circuit, it may be provided that only a small precharge relay or a precharge relay 1001 is connected in parallel with a precharge resistor or precharge resistor 1002. This parallel circuit may be connected in series with the PFC (Power Factor Correction) diodes 1003.

[0088] The combination of pre-charging relay 1001 and pre-charging resistor 1002 can be provided in both an input circuit and an output circuit.

[0089] Fig. 11 shows another circuit diagram of a motor control 1100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] Starting from a power source 1101, a main relay 1102a, 1102b is provided in the input terminal and the output terminal. The main relay 1102a, which is provided in the input circuit, is bridged by a series circuit consisting of a pre-charging relay 1103 and a pre-charging resistor 1104. This is followed by a parallel circuit of a filter capacitor 1105, the motor control unit 1106, and an output terminal for connecting a load 1107.

[0091] Fig. 12 shows a circuit diagram 1200 of a protection device 400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0092] In the case of an inductive charging system 100 comprising several series-connected boxes, devices, and / or protective devices 400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e, a current-consumption relay 1103 is provided at the input terminal 504a as a safety device 502a, 502b, 502c. The current-consumption relay 1103 is designed as a pre-charging relay 1103 and is arranged in series with the pre-charging resistor 1104. The main relay 1102a, 1102b is provided in parallel with the series circuit in both the input branch and the output branch of the input terminal. The main relay 1102a in the input branch can be bridged by means of the series circuit.

[0093] Relay 1103 in input terminal 504a can be used to interrupt the current from main terminal 107, for example, if an insulation fault is detected.

[0094] Thus, the precharge relay 1103 and the precharge resistor 1104 can be used not only when switching on but also when a fault is detected.

[0095] This use as a protective element may be controlled by the input safety device 502a, 502c and / or the output safety device 502b.

[0096] Additionally, it should be noted that "comprising" and "having" do not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above embodiments can also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference signs in the claims are not to be considered as limitations.

[0097] List of reference symbols

[0098] 100 inductive charging system

[0099] 101 Feedback Channel

[0100] 102 vehicle chassis

[0101] 103 Floor

[0102] 104 Car Assembly

[0103] 105 Ground Assembly

[0104] 106 alternating magnetic field

[0105] 107 Main connection

[0106] 201 device

[0107] 202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e Storage device 203 Fault connection

[0108] 204 phases

[0109] 301 Separation element

[0110] 302 small energy storage units

[0111] 400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e protection device 401 a, 401 b, 401c, 401 d, 401 e cable 402 phases

[0112] 403 vehicle battery

[0113] 404 RCD

[0114] 501 Grounding

[0115] 502a, 502c Entrance safety device,

[0116] 503b Entrance security device

[0117] 502b Exit safety device,

[0118] 503a Exit safety device

[0119] 504a Input connector 504b Output connector

[0120] 1000 Motor control circuit

[0121] 1001 Precharge Relay

[0122] 1002 Precharge resistor

[0123] 1003 PFC diodes

[0124] 1100 Motor control

[0125] 1102a, 1102b main relay

[0126] 1103 Precharge Relay

[0127] 1104 Precharge resistor

[0128] 1105 filter capacity,

[0129] 1106 Engine control unit

[0130] 1107 Load connection

[0131] 1101 Energy source

[0132] 1200 Circuit diagram of a protective device

[0133] 1201 Relay

Claims

Patent claims 1. A device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) for an inductive charging system (100), comprising: an input terminal (504a); a storage device for electrical energy (202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e); an input safety device (502a, 502c); wherein the input safety device (502a, 502c) is arranged between the input terminal (504a) and the storage device (202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e) for electrical energy; wherein the input safety device (502a, 502c) has at least one safety element selected from the group of safety elements consisting of: an RCD (404); at least one safety switch (1103); and a discharge element (1104).

2. The device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) according to claim 1, further comprising: an output terminal (504b); an output safety device (503a); wherein the output safety device (503a) is arranged between the output terminal (504b) and the electrical energy storage device (202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e); wherein the output safety device (503a) comprises at least one safety element selected from the group of safety elements consisting of: an RCD (404); at least one safety switch (1103); and a discharge element (1104).

3. The device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: an input port monitoring device; and / or an output port monitoring device, wherein the input port monitoring device and / or the output port monitoring device is configured to detect a fault in a connecting element (401a, 401b, 401c, 401d, 401e) connected to it.

4. The device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a cable shield and / or cable sheath, wherein the cable shield and / or cable sheath is connected to at least one of the input terminal (504a) and the output terminal (504b).

5. The device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) according to claim 4, wherein the cable shield is used for cable insulation monitoring by injecting a current into the cable shield.

6. The device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one safety switch is used to disconnect the electrical energy storage device from the input terminal and / or from the output terminal.

7. The device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one safety switch is configured to connect the input terminal and / or the output terminal to the discharge element.

8. The device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one safety switch (1103) is configured to connect a current limiting element (1104) between the input terminal (504a) and the electrical energy storage device, between the output terminal (504b) and the electrical energy storage device (202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e) and / or between the input terminal and the Output port to connect.

9. The device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the device is a ground assembly (105) and / or a car assembly (104) of an inductive charging system.

10. The device (400a, 400b, 400c, 400d, 400e) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one of the input terminal (504a) and the output terminal (504b) is configured for magnetic coupling.

11. An inductive charging system (100) comprising at least one device according to one of claims 1 to 10.

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