Pelton turbine having a system for orienting the water jet

Abstract

The invention relates to a Pelton turbine (1) comprising a turbine rotor (3) and at least one inflow device (2) with a nozzle assembly (5) for forming a water jet (6), wherein the turbine rotor (3) can be impinged by the water jet (6) within a jet circle (7), which is projected onto the rotating turbine rotor (3), having a jet axis (8). The at least one first inflow device (2) comprises the nozzle assembly (5), a pipeline (9) and an adjusting rod (10), which is positioned at least partially within the inflow device (2), with a nozzle needle (11) in the region of an outlet opening (12) of the nozzle assembly (5). The nozzle assembly (5) is fluidically coupled to the pipeline (9) by means of a first ball flange (17), and the position of the nozzle assembly (5) relative to the pipeline (9) is able to be oriented along a ball sphere (18) of the first ball flange (17) such that the shape and the position of the jet circle (7), which is projected onto the rotating turbine rotor (3), and the position of the jet axis (8) can be changed by displacing the nozzle assembly (5) relative to the pipeline (9).

Description

[0001] PELTON TURBINE WITH WATER JET ALIGNMENT SYSTEM

[0002] The invention relates to a Pelton turbine with an inlet device having a nozzle assembly for forming a water jet, wherein the nozzle assembly is mounted on a pipe of the inlet device by means of a first spherical flange. By aligning the nozzle assembly and a nozzle needle to the turbine runner of the Pelton turbine, the jet pattern and jet axis can be adjusted according to different requirements.

[0003] From the document EP2035689B1, an inlet system for a Pelton turbine became known, which enables the production of the Pelton turbine as economically as possible and takes into account the most optimized flow to the turbine wheel by means of the water jet of an inlet device of the inlet system.

[0004] A disadvantage of the inflow devices for Pelton turbines known from the state of the art is that a simple and economical adjustment of the jet circle and the jet axis of the water jet, which is necessary due to assembly and manufacturing tolerances as well as due to changing system parameters of the Pelton turbine, is not possible.

[0005] The object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device and a method by means of which a user is able to adjust the jet circle and the jet axis of the water jet from an inflow device for a Pelton turbine in a simple and economical manner.

[0006] This object is achieved by a device and a method according to the claims.

[0007] The Pelton turbine according to the invention comprises a turbine runner and at least one first inflow device with a flow channel and a nozzle assembly for forming a water jet, wherein the turbine runner can be subjected to the water jet within a jet circle projected onto the rotating turbine runner with a jet axis, so that the kinetic energy of the water jet can be converted into a torque by the turbine runner,

[0008] - the at least one first inflow device comprising the nozzle assembly, a pipeline and an actuating rod positioned at least partially within the inflow device with a nozzle needle in the region of an outlet opening of the nozzle assembly,

[0009] - - wherein the nozzle assembly is fluidically coupled to the pipeline, and

[0010] - - wherein the adjusting rod is continuously displaceable or positionable in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the adjusting rod between a closed position and an open position.

[0011] The Pelton turbine according to the invention is further characterized in that the nozzle assembly is coupled to the pipeline by means of a first spherical flange and the position or orientation of the nozzle assembly relative to the pipeline can be aligned or displaced along a spherical sphere of the first spherical flange, so that the shape and position or orientation of the jet circle projected onto the rotating turbine wheel and the position or orientation of the jet axis can be changed by displacing the nozzle assembly relative to the pipeline.

[0012] In particular, a central axis of the nozzle assembly can be deflected by an adjustment angle relative to a neutral position of the nozzle assembly, wherein the neutral position can be predefined by an imaginary connecting line between a central axis of the pipeline and a required inflow point on the turbine impeller.

[0013] The sphere is defined by the articulated mobility of the first ball flange. A ball flange can be understood as a connecting means for coupling the nozzle assembly to the pipeline, by means of which the nozzle assembly is articulated to the pipeline and can be fixed in position. This creates the possibility of adjusting the alignment of the nozzle assembly relative to the pipeline, so that the water jet, which is largely determined by the alignment and design of the nozzle assembly, can be adjusted with regard to its jet circle and jet axis. In this sense, the first ball flange can also be understood as a connecting or adjusting means, which is designed as a compensator or, if appropriate, a wave compensator, or as an adjustable coupling element with a correspondingly flexible adjustment range.

[0014] A nozzle assembly can also be synonymously understood as an injector, which is fluidically coupled to the pipeline in the flow direction of the inlet device and subsequent to the pipeline. The injector or nozzle assembly, in conjunction with the nozzle needle, determines the water jet, or rather the orientation and shape of the water jet in relation to its jet axis and jet circle. The adjustability of the nozzle assembly advantageously allows the jet circle and jet axis of the water jet to be adjusted, for example after the inlet device has been manufactured and the Pelton turbine has been installed, in order to compensate for assembly and manufacturing tolerances. This improves the efficiency of the Pelton turbine and allows the turbine impeller to be adjusted as required. This leads to a commercial advantage when selling the Pelton turbine and also to an economic advantage when operating the Pelton turbine.

[0015] Furthermore, the ability to adjust the jet circle and jet axis allows for responses to changing operating parameters of the Pelton turbine. For example, a change in the head or flow rate of the Pelton turbine system can be responded to in order to restore a favorable alignment of the water jet to suit the changed operating conditions.

[0016] This adjustment option also allows for responses to excitation frequencies in the Pelton turbine system, for example, by deliberately detuning the system by adjusting the jet circle and jet axis to shift the occurrence of resonance in the frequency spectrum or mitigate its amplitude. This improves the operational reliability of the Pelton turbine.

[0017] Furthermore, it is also conceivable, for example, that the Pelton turbine's runner could be interchangeable thanks to the adjustment option, or that different alignments of the nozzle assembly and nozzle needle could be possible for different bucket geometries of turbine runners, or that the shape and position of the jet circle and the position of the jet axis could be changed for the reasons mentioned above. This makes the inflow device reusable, which in turn brings economic advantages.

[0018] Furthermore, it can be expedient if the first spherical flange comprises an annular conical socket and a spherical disk whose shape is complementary in sections to the annular conical socket, wherein the conical socket and the spherical disk are designed and positioned relative to one another in such a way that the pivot point of the first spherical flange is arranged in the region of the pipeline. This enables the simplest possible structural coupling between the pipeline and the nozzle assembly. Furthermore, the spherical sphere is defined in such a way that the pivot point is arranged outside the nozzle assembly, which in particular facilitates the alignment of the nozzle assembly and reduces the force required for alignment. This has the advantage that the nozzle assembly can be adjusted without additional tools if necessary, which is advantageous with regard to the assembly and adjustment of the nozzle assembly.

[0019] Furthermore, the conical socket can be provided with a conical surface that is recessed relative to the flow channel in the area of ​​the flow channel and the spherical sphere. This creates additional free space in the flow channel, which has the advantage that the conical socket does not protrude into the flow channel when positioned outside its normal position, i.e., when deflected along the spherical sphere. This prevents potential flow resistance and flow shadows, which in turn prevents flow turbulence in the nozzle assembly and ensures that the water jet formed by the nozzle assembly has aligned streamlines or improved flow. This has a direct positive effect on the abrasion of the turbine runner and on the efficiency of the Pelton turbine.

[0020] Furthermore, it can be provided that the control rod is mounted within the nozzle assembly by means of a first bearing device. This is advantageous because the adjustment or alignment of the nozzle assembly simultaneously causes a change in the position of the first bearing device. As a result, the position and orientation of the control rod and the nozzle needle are already adjusted according to the alignment of the nozzle assembly, resulting in a favorable flow for forming the water jet. This, in turn, has a positive effect on the abrasion of the turbine runner and on the efficiency of the Pelton turbine.

[0021] Another advantageous embodiment is one in which the first bearing device can be formed in the region of an intersection point between the sphere and a central axis of the nozzle assembly. This ensures that the adjusting rod experiences the smallest possible change in position and orientation depending on the orientation of the nozzle assembly.

[0022] According to a further development, it is possible for the control rod to be mounted by means of an adjustment device, wherein the adjustment device is designed to be external to the inflow device with respect to the flow channel and comprises a second spherical flange, wherein the control rod is mounted in the region of the second spherical flange. It is advantageous in this case that the position of the control rod and thus of the nozzle needle can be adjusted according to the orientation of the nozzle assembly on its second bearing, i.e. in the region of the second spherical flange, such that the control rod is not subjected to any tension and has a straight longitudinal axis. The position of the nozzle needle can therefore also be subsequently aligned in an improved manner in order to ensure a shape and position of the spray circle and a position of the spray axis that meets the requirements.

[0023] Furthermore, it may be expedient for the second ball flange to comprise a ball joint and a spherical socket whose shape is partially complementary to the ball joint. The adjusting rod is positioned so that it penetrates a ball center of the ball joint, so that the longitudinal axis of the adjusting rod or the nozzle needle can be displaced relative to the nozzle assembly or the nozzle assembly outlet opening by means of the second ball flange. This enables the nozzle needle to be adjusted easily and in a defined manner, thus ensuring a required shape and position of the jet circle and a required position of the jet axis.

[0024] Furthermore, the Pelton turbine can further comprise a control or regulating device and an adjustment device with at least two actuators that can be automatically controlled by the control or regulating device, wherein the nozzle assembly can be aligned along the spherical sphere of the first ball flange by means of the actuators. This allows, in particular, automated detuning of the Pelton turbine system, in the sense of changing the pressure applied to the turbine runner. This measure can significantly improve the operational reliability and service life of the Pelton turbine.

[0025] Furthermore, it can be provided that an elastic ring element is formed between the conical socket and the spherical disk, by means of which elastic ring element an adjustment angle imposed on the nozzle assembly by the adjustment device in the range comprising 0° and 4°, in particular up to 2°, can be absorbed or compensated relative to a neutral position of the nozzle assembly, wherein the adjustment angle is defined by a deflection of the nozzle assembly in any direction along the sphere between a center axis of the nozzle assembly deflected thereby and the neutral position of the nozzle assembly. This improves the possibility of automated alignment of the nozzle assembly. In order to be able to implement this measure, appropriately oversized bores for screw elements, which position the components of the first spherical flange relative to one another, can also be provided.According to a particular embodiment, it is possible for the first spherical flange to be coupled to the pipeline by means of screw elements, wherein each screw element is assigned a matching pair of a spherical washer and a conical socket washer, so that bending stresses on the screw elements due to the orientation of the nozzle assembly relative to the pipeline can be compensated for by the matching pairs. This simplifies the manufacture of the first spherical flange, as the bores for the screw elements can be designed in such a way that a variety of orientation options for the nozzle assembly along the sphere are possible. In any case, the embodiment with matching pairs of spherical washer and conical socket washer prevents bending stresses on the screw elements. This advantageously expands the adjustment options for the nozzle assembly.As an alternative to the screw elements mentioned, other connecting elements with the same effect are conceivable.

[0026] In this context, it is also conceivable that either the spherical disc or the conical socket is designed as a component or as a section of the pipeline.

[0027] The invention further relates to a method for adjusting the shape and position of a jet circle projected onto a rotating turbine wheel of a Pelton turbine, formed by a nozzle assembly, and the position of a jet axis of the water jet. The method according to the invention comprises at least the following method steps:

[0028] - Determining an actual position and a target position of the current beam axis by means of an optical detection or positioning means or by means of a control or regulating device;

[0029] - Adjusting the jet axis according to the desired position by aligning the nozzle holder or an outlet opening of the nozzle holder;

[0030] - Aligning a longitudinal axis of an adjusting rod or the adjusting rod with a nozzle needle in the area of ​​the outlet opening of the nozzle assembly relative to the outlet opening, wherein the longitudinal axis is adjusted in normal directions to the longitudinal axis so that a desired shape of the jet circle projected onto the turbine impeller is obtained;

[0031] The method according to the invention is further characterized in that the desired position of the jet axis is set by aligning the nozzle assembly of an inflow device of the Pelton turbine forming the water jet by means of manual adjustment or automatically by means of an adjustment device and the control or regulating device along a spherical sphere of a first spherical flange of the inflow device.

[0032] An optical detection or positioning device can be understood as a mere marking on the turbine wheel, but also as an optical detection device such as an optical sensor or a camera with appropriate image processing equipment. Furthermore, the use of laser, lidar, or radar sensors as detection or positioning devices is possible.

[0033] Furthermore, predefined positioning data for the alignment of the nozzle assembly can be stored in the control or regulating device. Based on these stored data, the alignment of the nozzle assembly can be automated using the adjustment device.

[0034] The adjustability of the nozzle assembly allows the jet circle and jet axis of the water jet to be adjusted, for example, after the inlet device has been manufactured and the Pelton turbine has been assembled, to compensate for assembly and manufacturing tolerances. This improves the efficiency of the Pelton turbine and allows the turbine runner to be adjusted as required. This provides a commercial advantage when selling the Pelton turbine and also an economic advantage when operating the Pelton turbine.

[0035] Furthermore, the ability to adjust the jet circle and jet axis allows for responses to changing operating parameters of the Pelton turbine. For example, a change in the head or flow rate of the Pelton turbine system can be responded to in order to restore a favorable alignment of the water jet to suit the changed operating conditions.

[0036] This adjustment option can also be used to respond to excitation frequencies in the Pelton turbine system, for example, by deliberately detuning the system by adjusting the jet circle and jet axis in order to shift the occurrence of resonance in the frequency spectrum or to mitigate its amplitude. This improves the operational reliability of the Pelton turbine. Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the turbine runner of the Pelton turbine could be replaced using the adjustment option, or that different alignments of the nozzle assembly and nozzle needle could be possible for modified bucket geometries of turbine runners, or a change in the shape and position of the jet circle and the position of the jet axis could be made for the reasons stated above. This makes the inflow device reusable, which in turn brings economic advantages.

[0037] The method may further comprise the step of, after aligning the nozzle assembly, fixing the position of the nozzle assembly relative to a pipe of the inflow device on the first ball flange by means of pins in bores. This enables the position of the first ball flange to be secured easily and quickly, allowing the adjustment rod to be easily aligned subsequently without a further unintentional adjustment of the nozzle assembly's position.

[0038] Furthermore, the method can further comprise the step of, after aligning the longitudinal axis of the control rod, fixing the position of the control rod to a second ball flange, on which the control rod is mounted, using pins and holes. This allows the position of the control rod to be easily fixed in order to simplify subsequent assembly steps of the Pelton turbine. For example, after the appropriate positioning of the second ball flange and, if applicable, the first ball flange, holes can be created for connecting elements to be received therein, by means of which connecting elements the second ball flange and, if applicable, also the first ball flange are then finally fixed.

[0039] Pinning the respective adjustment position of the first and / or second ball flange also offers the advantage that the adjustment position originally set during assembly, for example, can be restored or traced. This allows any unintentional manipulation of the adjustment position to be traced, which is advantageous for the manufacturer and / or operator of the Pelton turbine in the event of potential liability for any damage that may occur.

[0040] For a better understanding of the invention, it is explained in more detail using the following figures.

[0041] They show in a highly simplified, schematic representation: Fig. 1 Subcomponents of a Pelton turbine;

[0042] Fig. 2 Subcomponents of the Pelton turbine in a sectional view;

[0043] Fig. 3 a detailed view of the adjustment device;

[0044] Fig. 4 a detailed view of the first ball flange and the nozzle assembly;

[0045] Fig. 5 shows an alternative design of the nozzle assembly.

[0046] By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the variously described embodiments, identical parts are provided with identical reference symbols or component designations. The disclosures contained throughout the description can be applied analogously to identical parts with identical reference symbols or component designations. Furthermore, the positional information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc., refers to the directly described and illustrated figure, and these positional information must be applied analogously to the new position in the event of a change in position.

[0047] Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show partial components of a Pelton turbine 1, with Fig. 2 being a sectional view. Fig. 3 shows a detailed view of a possible embodiment of the adjustment device 15. Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of a possible embodiment of the first ball flange 17 and the nozzle assembly 5. In Figs. 1 to 4, the same reference symbols or component designations are used for the same parts. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the respective detailed description or illustrations.

[0048] The Pelton turbine 1 comprises at least one inflow device 2 and a turbine runner 3. The inflow device 2 forms a flow channel 4 and comprises a nozzle assembly 5 for forming a water jet 6. The turbine runner 3 can be subjected to the water jet 6 within a jet circle 7 projected onto the rotating turbine runner 3 with a jet axis 8, so that the kinetic energy of the water jet 6 can be converted into a torque by the turbine runner 3.

[0049] The Pelton turbine 1 can, for example, also be designed with multiple flow paths, i.e. with multiple inlet devices 2, wherein the multiple inlet devices 2 can be constructed identically according to the following embodiments. In addition to the nozzle assembly 5, the inlet device 2 can further comprise a pipeline 9 and an adjusting rod 10 with a nozzle needle 11. The adjusting rod 10 can be arranged or positioned at least in sections within the flow channel 4, wherein the nozzle needle 11 is arranged or formed on the adjusting rod 10 in the region of an outlet opening 12 of the nozzle assembly 5. Furthermore, the adjusting rod 10 can have a longitudinal axis 13, wherein the adjusting rod 10 can be mounted by means of an adjusting device 15 at its end region 14 opposite the nozzle needle 11 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 13.The adjustment device 15 can be configured to continuously displace or position the adjusting rod 10 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 13 between a closed position and an open position, so that, for example, in the open position, the outlet opening 12 is released by the nozzle needle 11 and the water jet 6 can flow from the nozzle assembly 5 onto the turbine impeller 3. The closed position is defined such that the nozzle needle 11 completely closes the outlet opening 12. The displacement of the adjusting rod 10 can be implemented, for example, by means of a hydraulic system of the adjustment device 15.

[0050] The flow channel 4 can be formed at least by the pipeline 9 and the nozzle assembly 5, whereby the pipeline 9 and the nozzle assembly 5 are thus fluidically coupled. The jet circle 7 and the jet axis 8 are thus defined by the orientation or positioning of the nozzle assembly 5 and the nozzle needle 11.

[0051] A first spherical flange 17 can be provided in a coupling area 16 of the pipeline 9 with the nozzle assembly 5, or the nozzle assembly 5 can be coupled to the pipeline 9 by means of the first spherical flange 17. The position of the nozzle assembly 5 relative to the pipeline 9 can be aligned along a spherical sphere 18 and rotated about a pivot point 19 of the spherical flange 17. This allows the jet circle 7 and the jet axis 8 to be changed in accordance with the displacement or alignment of the nozzle assembly 5, in terms of their position and the shape of the jet circle 7.

[0052] The first spherical flange 17 can comprise an annular conical socket 23 and a spherical disk 24 that is at least partially complementary in shape. As a result, the spherical sphere 18 is clamped according to the shape of the contact surface between the conical socket 23 and the spherical disk 24, with the nozzle assembly 5 being alignable along this spherical sphere 18 relative to the pipeline 9. It can also be provided that the spherical disk 24 is designed as a component of the pipeline 9. Alternatively, and equally, it can also be provided that the conical socket 23 is designed as a component of the pipeline 9.

[0053] If the nozzle assembly 5 is displaced relative to the pipe 9, it may occur that the conical socket 23 protrudes into the flow channel 4 in sections unless appropriate countermeasures are taken. In this context, it may be useful for the conical socket 23 to have a beveled surface or a conical surface that is recessed relative to the flow channel 4 on its radially inner diameter and in the area of ​​the common contact surface with the spherical disc 24.

[0054] The Pelton turbine 1 can further comprise a control or regulating device 20 and an adjustment device 21 with at least two actuators 22. By means of the adjustment device 21, the nozzle assembly 5 can be aligned with respect to its position relative to the pipeline 9 in accordance with the specifications of the control or regulating device 20, which is coupled to the adjustment device 21. This can be particularly useful in order to detune the entire system of the Pelton turbine 1 during operation of the Pelton turbine 1 and thus prevent resonances or asymmetrical impact of the water jet 6 on the turbine runner 3, or even to deliberately cause the latter.

[0055] Furthermore, this makes it possible, to a certain extent, to adjust the water jet 6 to changed conditions, such as a changed fall height or flow rate.

[0056] To enable automated alignment of the nozzle assembly 5, it may be useful to provide or arrange an elastic ring element 27 between the conical socket 23 and the spherical disk 24. By means of this elastic ring element 27, an adjustment angle 29 imposed on the nozzle assembly 5 by the adjustment device 21, in the range from 0° to 4°, in particular up to 2°, can be accommodated or compensated for relative to a neutral position 28 of the nozzle assembly 5.

[0057] In order to ensure that the nozzle block 5 is reliably aligned relative to the pipeline 9, it can further be provided that the first ball flange 17 can be coupled to the pipeline 9 by means of screw elements 30, wherein each screw element 30 is assigned a matching pair 31 consisting of a spherical washer and a conical socket washer, so that bending stresses on the screw elements 30 due to the alignment of the nozzle block 5 relative to the pipeline 9 can be compensated by the matching pairs 31.

[0058] To ensure stable positioning of the control rod 10 and thus of the nozzle needle 11, a first bearing device 32 can be provided in the area of ​​the nozzle assembly 5 or on the nozzle assembly 5 and in the flow channel 4. It may be advantageous if the bearing device 32 is designed or arranged in the area of ​​an intersection point of the sphere 18 with a central axis 25 of the nozzle assembly 5.

[0059] Furthermore, it can be provided that the adjusting device 15 is formed externally with respect to the flow channel 4 on the inflow device 2 and comprises a second ball flange 33, wherein the adjusting rod 10 is mounted in the region of the second ball flange 33.

[0060] The second ball flange 33 can comprise a ball joint 34 and a ball socket 35 which is partially complementary in shape to the ball joint 34, wherein the actuating rod 10 or the longitudinal axis 13 is positioned so as to penetrate a ball center 36 of the ball joint 34 or the second ball flange 33, so that the longitudinal axis 13 of the actuating rod 10 can be displaced relative to the nozzle assembly 5 by means of the second ball flange 33.

[0061] In order to compensate for manufacturing and assembly tolerances, or to respond to changing system parameters or excitation frequencies of the Pelton turbine 1, the position and orientation of the nozzle assembly 5 and the control rod 10 with the nozzle needle 11 can be adjusted. This allows the shape and position of the jet circle 7 as well as the position of the jet axis 8 relative to the turbine runner 3 to be adjusted accordingly.

[0062] The adjustment of the jet circle 7 and the jet axis 8 can, for example, already take place after or during the Pelton turbine 1. For this purpose, an optical positioning means can be positioned and held on the nozzle assembly 5 or at the outlet opening 12 of the nozzle assembly 5. The optical positioning means can, for example, be a laser with crosshairs, which is directed at the turbine runner 3. Thus, an actual position of the jet axis 8 or the nozzle assembly 5 can be determined, and the position of the nozzle assembly 5 can be aligned by means of the first ball flange 17 according to a desired position of the jet axis 8 or the nozzle assembly 5. Alternatively, the alignment of the jet axis 8 or the nozzle assembly 5 can be carried out by a specification of the control or regulating device 20 and a corresponding adjustment by means of the adjustment device 21.

[0063] After aligning the jet axis 8 or the nozzle assembly 5, the spherical disk 24 and the conical socket 23 can be fixed in position relative to each other. This can be accomplished, for example, by pinning the two components together.

[0064] Subsequently, the adjusting rod 10 with the nozzle needle 11 can be aligned according to the required shape of the spray circle 7. For this purpose, for example, the gap between the nozzle needle 11 and the outlet opening 12 can be spied on, and the position of the adjusting rod 10 can subsequently be adjusted by appropriately aligning the ball joint 34 relative to the ball socket 35.

[0065] Again, after aligning the control rod 10 or the nozzle needle 11, the position of the ball joint 34 relative to the ball socket 35 can be fixed by pinning the two components.

[0066] In both cases, pinning can be carried out using pins in holes.

[0067] Subsequently, the first ball flange 17 can also be screwed by means of screw elements 30 in such a way that the spherical disc 24 and the conical socket 23 are fixed in position relative to one another.

[0068] Figure 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the nozzle assembly 5, with the same reference symbols and component designations being used for identical parts. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the respective detailed descriptions and illustrations.

[0069] As shown in Fig. 5, it can be provided that an adjusting device 15 located inside the nozzle assembly 5 is provided as an alternative embodiment for positioning the adjusting rod 10. Furthermore, the nozzle needle 11 can be displaceable relative to the outlet opening 12 between a closed position and an open position by means of the adjusting device 15, and the adjusting rod 10 can be mounted within the nozzle assembly 5 or within the flow channel 4 and preferably in the region of an intersection point of the spherical sphere 18 with the central axis 25 of the nozzle assembly 5. The pipeline 9 can be fluidically coupled to the nozzle assembly 5 by means of the first spherical flange 17, so that the flow channel 4 is formed. Thus, the nozzle assembly 5 can continue to be aligned or displaceable relative to the pipeline 9 along the sphere 18 in such a way that by displacing the nozzle assembly 5 relative to the pipeline 9 orthereby at least the orientation or position of the jet circle 7 and the jet axis 8 relative to the turbine runner 3 can be aligned relative to the turbine runner 3 in order to achieve a desired impingement of the water jet 6 on the turbine runner 3.

[0070] The embodiments show possible embodiments, whereby it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but rather various combinations of the individual embodiments with each other are also possible and this possibility of variation lies within the skill of the person skilled in the art in this technical field due to the teaching of technical action by means of the objective invention.

[0071] The scope of protection is determined by the claims. However, the description and drawings must be used to interpret the claims. Individual features or combinations of features from the various embodiments shown and described may represent independent inventive solutions. The problem underlying these independent inventive solutions can be derived from the description.

[0072] For the sake of clarity, it should finally be pointed out that, in order to better understand the structure, some elements have been shown out of scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

[0073] Reference symbol list

[0074] Pelton turbine 31 matching pair of one

[0075] Inflow device with a spherical washer, a turbine impeller and a conical washer

[0076] Nozzle holder 32 first bearing device

[0077] Water jet 33 second ball flange

[0078] Beam circle 34 ball joint

[0079] Beam axis 35 spherical shell

[0080] Pipeline 36 Ball center point Control rod Nozzle needle

[0081] Outlet opening longitudinal axis

[0082] End area of ​​the adjusting rod V creating device coupling area first ball flange ball sphere

[0083] Pivot point

[0084] Control or regulating device Adjusting device Actuating element

[0085] conical pan

[0086] spherical disc

[0087] Center axis of the nozzle holder Conical surface Elastic ring element Neutral position Adjustment angle

[0088] S crew element

Claims

Patent claims 1. Pelton turbine (1) comprising a turbine runner (3) and at least one inflow device (2) with a flow channel (4) and a nozzle assembly (5) for forming a water jet (6), wherein the turbine runner (3) can be subjected to the water jet (6) within a jet circle (7) projected onto the rotating turbine runner (3) with a jet axis (8), so that the kinetic energy of the water jet (6) can be converted into a torque by the turbine runner (3), - the at least one first inflow device (2) comprising the nozzle assembly (5), a pipeline (9) and an actuating rod (10) positioned at least in sections within the inflow device (2) with a nozzle needle (11) in the region of an outlet opening (12) of the nozzle assembly (5), - - wherein the nozzle assembly (5) is fluidically coupled to the pipeline (9), and - - wherein the adjusting rod (10) is continuously displaceable or positionable in the direction of a longitudinal axis (13) of the adjusting rod (10) between a closed position and an open position, characterized in that the nozzle assembly (5) is fluidically coupled to the pipeline (9) by means of a first spherical flange (17) and the position of the nozzle assembly (5) relative to the pipeline (9) can be aligned along a spherical sphere (18) of the first spherical flange (17), so that the shape and position of the jet circle (7) projected onto the rotating turbine impeller (3) and the position of the jet axis (8) can be changed by displacing the nozzle assembly (5) relative to the pipeline (9).

2. Pelton turbine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first ball flange (17) comprises an annular conical socket (23) and a spherical disk (24) which is partially complementary in shape to the annular conical socket (23), wherein the conical socket (23) and the spherical disk (24) are designed and positioned relative to one another in such a way that the pivot point (19) of the first ball flange (17) is arranged in the region of the pipeline (9).

3. Pelton turbine (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the conical socket (23) has a conical surface (26) which is recessed relative to the flow channel (4) in the region of the flow channel (4) and the sphere (18).

4. Pelton turbine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control rod (10) is mounted on the nozzle assembly (5) and within the flow channel (4) by means of a first bearing device (32).

5. Pelton turbine (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the first bearing device (32) is formed in the region of an intersection point of the sphere (18) with a central axis (25) of the nozzle assembly (5).

6. Pelton turbine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adjusting rod (10) is mounted by means of an adjusting device (15), wherein the adjusting device (15) is formed externally with respect to the flow channel (4) on the inflow device (2) and comprises a second ball flange (33), wherein the adjusting rod (10) is mounted in the region of the second ball flange (33).

7. Pelton turbine (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the second ball flange (33) comprises a ball joint (34) and a spherical shell (35) which is partially complementary in shape to the ball joint (34), wherein the adjusting rod (10) is positioned so as to penetrate a ball center point (36) of the ball joint (34) so ​​that the longitudinal axis (13) of the adjusting rod (10) can be displaced relative to the nozzle assembly (5) by means of the second ball flange (33).

8. Pelton turbine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the Pelton turbine (1) further comprises a control or regulating device (20) and an adjusting device (21) with at least two actuating elements (22) which can be controlled automatically by means of the control or regulating device (20), wherein the nozzle assembly (5) can be aligned along the spherical sphere (18) of the first spherical flange (17) by means of the actuating elements (22).

9. Pelton turbine (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that an elastic ring element (27) is formed between the conical socket (23) and the spherical disk (24), by means of which elastic ring element (27) relative to a neutral position (28) of the nozzle block (5) an adjustment angle (29) impressed on the nozzle block (5) by the adjustment device (21) in the range comprising 0° and 4°, in particular up to 2°, can be absorbed or adjusted. is compensable, wherein the adjustment angle (29) is defined by a deflection of the nozzle holder (5) in any direction along the sphere (18) between a thereby deflected central axis (25) of the nozzle holder (5) and the neutral position (28) of the nozzle holder (5).

10. Pelton turbine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the first ball flange (17) can be coupled to the pipeline (9) by means of screw elements (30), wherein each screw element (30) is assigned a matching pair (31) consisting of a spherical washer and a conical socket washer, so that bending stresses on the screw elements (30) due to the alignment of the nozzle block (5) relative to the pipeline (9) can be compensated by the matching pairs (31).

11. Method for adjusting the shape and position of a jet circle (7) of a water jet (6) formed by a nozzle assembly (5) projected onto a rotating turbine wheel (3) of a Pelton turbine (1) and the position of a jet axis (8) of the water jet (6), comprising the following method steps: - Determining an actual position and a target position of the current beam axis (8) by means of an optical detection or positioning means or by means of a control or regulating device (20); - Adjusting the jet axis (8) according to the desired position by aligning the nozzle assembly (5) or an outlet opening (12) of the nozzle assembly (5); - Aligning a longitudinal axis (13) of an adjusting rod (10) with a nozzle needle (11) in the region of the outlet opening (12) of the nozzle assembly (5) relative to the outlet opening (12), wherein the longitudinal axis (13) is adjusted in directions normal to the longitudinal axis (13) so that a desired shape of the jet circle (7) projected onto the turbine runner is obtained; characterized in that the desired position of the jet axis (8) is adjusted by aligning the nozzle assembly (5) of an inflow device (2) of the Pelton turbine (1) forming the water jet (6) by means of manual adjustment or automatically by means of an adjusting device (21) and the control or regulating device (20) along a spherical sphere (18) of a first ball flange (17) of the inflow device (2).

12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that after the alignment of the nozzle assembly (5), the position of the nozzle assembly (5) relative to a pipe (9) of the inflow device (2) on the first ball flange (17) is fixed by means of pins in bores.

13. Method according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that after the alignment of the longitudinal axis (13) of the adjusting rod (10), the position of the adjusting rod (10) is fixed by means of pins and bores on a second ball flange (33) on which the adjusting rod (10) is mounted.

Images