Fabric material infused or impregnated with one or more beneficial agents and method of making thereof

Abstract

Disclosed herein is fabric composite material impregnated with beneficial agents. Also disclosed herein is the utilization of super critical fluid (SCF) methodology to impregnate fabric materials, such as apparel fabric materials, with a beneficial agent (e.g., antimicrobial, antibiofilm agents, etc.).

Description

FABRIC MATERIAL INFUSED OR IMPREGNATED WITH ONE OR MORE BENEFICIAL AGENTS AND METHOD OF MAKING THEREOFFIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention concerns methods of making fabric materials, such as apparel fabric materials, that have a base fabric material infused or impregnated with one or more beneficial agents.SUMMARY

[0002] Disclosed herein is the utilization of super critical fluid (SCF) methodology to infuse or impregnate fabric materials, such as apparel fabric materials, with one or more beneficial agents (e.g., antimicrobials, flexibility-enhancing additives, elasticity-enhancing additive, fabric-strengthening additives, UV-protection additives, etc.).

[0003] Disclosed herein, in some embodiments, is a fabric composition, such as an apparel fabric composition, comprising: a base fabric material having a surface portion and an interior portion; and a beneficial agent incorporated throughout the base fabric material, wherein at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

[0004] In some embodiments, the base fabric material is a textile material, a mesh material, a foam material, a gel material, or combinations and laminates thereof.

[0005] In some embodiments, the base fabric material is a natural or naturally derived material. In some embodiments, the natural or naturally derived material is selected from cotton, linen, hemp, bamboo, silk, jute, ramie, coir, rayon, cellulose, recycles thereof, or blends thereof.

[0006] In some embodiment, the base fabric material comprises a synthetic material, and optionally wherein the synthetic material is selected from polyester, nylon, acrylic, spandex, polyolefin, neoprene, fleece, microfiber, synthetic leather / suede, recycles thereof, or blends thereof.

[0007] In some embodiment, the beneficial agent comprises an antimicrobial agent. In some embodiment, the beneficial agent comprises an odor reducing agent, a performance additive, or a combination thereof.

[0008] In some embodiments, the anti-infective agent is a quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt comprises C12 or C14 alkyl chain. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is not benzalkonium chloride or a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride.

[0009] In some embodiments, the immunosuppressant agent is a calcineurin inhibitors. In some embodiments, the immunosuppressant agent is selected from the group consisting of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and pimecrolimus. In some embodiments, the immunosuppressant agent is tacrolimus.

[0010] In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is heterogeneously impregnated throughout the apparel fabric material. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is homogeneously impregnated throughout the apparel fabric material.

[0011] In some embodiments, at least 30% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. In some embodiments, at least 50% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. In some embodiments, least 60% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. In some embodiments, at least 70% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

[0012] In some embodiments, the composition is prepared by a process comprising: contacting the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) in an enclosure under an elevated pressure to allow the beneficial agent to impregnate at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the process further comprises reducing the pressure within the enclosure after at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

[0013] In some embodiments, the base fabric material and beneficial agent are placed in the enclosure before SCF-CO2 enters the enclosure. The composition of Embodiment 36-37, wherein the beneficial agent is combined with SCF-CO2 to form a mixture before the mixture contacts the base fabric material in the enclosure. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 6000 psi.

[0014] In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1500 psi to about 2000 psi. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 15°C to about 60°C. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 30°C to about 55°C. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 40°C to about 50°C. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue.

[0015] In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 2500 psi to about 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 4000 psi to about 5000 psi. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 60°C to about 160°C. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 80°C to about 150°C. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 110°C to about 130°C. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises polypropylene.

[0016] In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 10hours. In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours.

[0017] Disclosed herein, in some embodiments, is method of preparing an fabric composition, such as an apparel fabric composition, comprising: (i) placing the base fabric material in an enclosure, wherein the base fabric material comprises a surface portion and an interior portion; (ii) allowing supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) to flow into the enclosure and contact the base fabric material in the presence of a beneficial agent at an elevated pressure; (iii) reducing pressure in the enclosure after at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent

[0018] In some embodiments, the base fabric material and beneficial agent are placed in the enclosure before SCF-CO2 enters the enclosure. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is combined with SCF-CO2 to form a mixture before the mixture contacts the base fabric material in the enclosure. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 6000 psi.

[0019] In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1500 psi to about 2000 psi. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about15°C to about 60°C during the contact. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about30°C to about 55°C during the contact. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about40°C to about 50°C during the contact. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue.

[0020] In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 2500 psi to about 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 4000 psi to about 5000 psi. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 60°C to about 160°C during the contact. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 80°C to about 150°C during the contact. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 110°C to about 130°C during the contact. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises polypropylene.

[0021] In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours.

[0022] In some embodiments, the contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material occurs in the presence of the beneficial agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the solvent is combined with beneficial agent prior to the contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the solvent is combinedwith SCF-CO2 prior to the contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material in the presence of the beneficial agent.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a non-limiting embodiment of the method according to the present disclosure. In this embodiment, supercritical fluid (1) was combined with the beneficial agent (“additive”) and optional solvent before flowing into the enclosure (3). The enclosure may have a meshed cage (5) supporting the base fabric material (5) therein. After the beneficial agent is infused in or impregnated in the base fabric material, pressure is released through port (6);

[0024] FIG. 2 is a photograph of a non-limiting embodiment of the process equipment assembly, showing the supercritical carbon dioxide source (cylinder), enclosure with pressure gauge autoclave, and heating controller / temperature gauge (at the far right);

[0025] FIG. 3 is a photograph of the process equipment assembly of FIG. 2 in operation;

[0026] FIG. 4 is photograph of the enclosure (top view);

[0027] FIGs. 5-6 shows microscopic view of a polyester mesh fabric prior to infiision / impregnation

[0028] FIGs. 7-8 shows microscopic view of the polyester mesh fabric impregnated with a dark textile dye and an optional beneficial agent using the process disclosed herein.

[0029] FIGs. 9-11 shows infiision / impregnation of a beneficial agent (EQ12) into shoe components.

[0030] FIGs. 12-14 shows infusion / impregnation of a beneficial agent (EQ12) into an entire shoe.

[0031] FIGs. 15-17 shows infusion of a beneficial agent (EQ 12) into a cotton fabric.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is explained in greater detail below. This description is not intended to be a detailed catalog of all the different ways in which the invention may be implemented, or all the features that may be added to the instant invention. For example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggested herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure which do not depart from the instant invention. Hence, the following specification is intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the invention, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations, combinations and variations thereof.Certain Definitions

[0033] Shaped articles as used herein include, but are not limited to, fabric products, apparels (such as sports apparels), etc.

[0034] “Treat” as used herein refers to any type of treatment or prevention that imparts a benefit to a subject afflicted with a disease or at risk of developing the disease, including improvement in the condition of the subject (e.g., in one or more symptoms), delay in the progression of the disease, delay the onset of symptomsor slow the progression of symptoms, etc. As such, the term “treatment” also includes prophylactic treatment of the subj ect to prevent the onset of symptoms . As used herein, “treatment” and “prevention” are not necessarily meant to imply cure or complete abolition of symptoms.” to any type of treatment that imparts a benefit to a patient afflicted with a disease, including improvement in the condition of the patient (e.g., in one or more symptoms), delay in the progression of the disease, etc.

[0035] "Base fabric material" as used herein, refers to any natural, naturally derived, processed, or synthetic material that forms the structural base of an fabric. As used herein, “base fabric material” can be a reference to the chemical substances, or it can be a reference to the three-dimensional member formed by the chemical substances, in which case the base fabric material will have a surface portion and interior portion.

[0036] As used herein, the term “antimicrobial agent” refers to compounds that inhibit the growth, proliferation, or multiplication of microbes, or that kill microbes. Suitable “antimicrobial agents” are antibacterial agents (effective against bacteria), antiviral agents (effective against viruses), antifungal agents (effective against fungi), antiprotozoal (effective against protozoa), and / or antiparasitic to any class of microbial parasites. “Antimicrobial agents” may work by any suitable mechanism against the microbes, including by being toxic or cytostatic.

[0037] "Activity" as used herein refers to the ability of a pharmaceutical or active biological agent to prevent or treat a disease (meaning any treatment of a disease in a mammal, including preventing the disease, i.e. causing the clinical symptoms of the disease not to develop; inhibiting the disease, i.e. arresting the development of clinical symptoms; and / or relieving the disease, i.e. causing the regression of clinical symptoms). Thus the activity of a pharmaceutical or active biological agent should be of therapeutic or prophylactic value.

[0038] "Polymer" as used herein, refers to a series of repeating monomeric units that have been cross-linked or polymerized. Any suitable polymer can be used to carry out the present invention. It is possible that the polymers of the invention may also comprise two, three, four or more different polymers. In some embodiments, of the invention only one polymer is used. In some preferred embodiments a combination of two polymers are used. Combinations of polymers can be in varying ratios, to provide the polymer part of the composite materials of the invention including plasticized polymers that form a matrix with interstices wherein the drugs are sequestered. In addition to their role in forming the matrices of the invention, the polymers can be used as coating for composite materials of the invention. Selection of appropriate polymers can be employed in forming composite materials with differing properties. Those of skill in the art of polymer chemistry will be familiar with the different properties of polymeric compounds. "Polymer" as used herein refers to organic polymers, and includes copolymers of a named polymer with other constituents. In some embodiments, such as in the preparation of drug depots or drug delivery devices, the polymer is preferably an absorbable and / or resorbable polymer. In other embodiments the polymer is preferably non-resorbable and biocompatible. Examples of ploymers that may be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to poly carboxy lie acids, cellulosic polymers, proteins, polypeptides, polyvinylpyrrolidone, maleic anhydride polymers, polyamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene oxides, glycosaminoglycans, polysaccharides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polystyrenes,copolymers, silicones, polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides, copolymers of vinyl monomers, polycarbonates, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polylactic acids, polyglycolic acids, polycaprolactones, polyhydroxybutyrate valerates, polyacrylamides, polyethers, polyurethane dispersions, polyacrylates, acrylic latex dispersions, polyacrylic acid, mixtures and copolymers thereof. The polymers of the present invention may be natural or synthetic in origin, including gelatin, chitosan, dextrin, cyclodextrin, Poly(urethanes), Poly(siloxanes) or silicones, Poly(acrylates) such as poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), and Poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate), Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(olefms) such as poly(ethylene), poly(isoprene), halogenated polymers such as Polytetrafluoroethylene) - and derivatives and copolymers such as those commonly sold as Teflon® products, Poly(vinylidine fluoride), Poly(vinyl acetate), Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), Poly(acrylic acid), Polyacrylamide, Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), Poly(ethylene glycol), Polypropylene glycol), Poly(methacrylic acid); etc. Suitable polymers also include absorbable and / or resorbable polymers including the following, combinations, copolymers and derivatives of the following: Polylactides (PLA), Polyglycolides (PGA), Poly(lactide-co-glycolides) (PLGA), Polyanhydrides, Polyorthoesters, Poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide), Poly(l-aspartamide), etc.

[0039] Any suitable polymer can preferably be used to carry out the present invention, including but not limited to: natural and synthetic polymers, gelatin, chitosan, dextrin, cyclodextrin, Poly(urethanes), Poly(siloxanes) or silicones , Poly(acrylates) such as poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), and Poly(2 -hydroxy ethyl methacrylate), Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(olefmds) such as poly(ethylene), poly(isoprene), halogenated polymers such as Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) - and derivatives and copolymers such as those commonly sold as Teflon® products, Poly(vinylidine fluoride), Poly(vinyl acetate), Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone),. Poly(acrylic acid), Polyacrylamide, Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), Polyethylene glycol), Polypropylene glycol), Poly(methacrylic acid); etc. Suitable polymers also include absorbable and / or resorbable polymers including the following, combinations, copolymers and derivatives of the following: Polylactides (PLA), Polyglycolides (PGA), Poly(lactide-co-glycolides) (PLGA), Polyanhydrides, Polyorthoesters, Poly( / V-(2- hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide), Poly(l-aspartamide), etc.

[0040] "Supercritical fluid", "near-critical fluid", "critical fluid", "densified fluid" or "densified gas" as used herein refers to a substance under pressure greater than ambient conditions, where it demonstrates a density greater than 0.4 g / cc but the mobility of a gas, i.e. a gas with liquid-like densities in which the pressure and temperature are above the critical point (the temperature and pressure at which the density of the liquid and vapor phases become identical). Examples of near critical fluids include fluids which are in gaseous state at standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions and have a critical density above 0.2 g / cc. See, e.g., US Patent Nos. 6,860,123; 6,837,611; and 6,755,871. Examples of substances that demonstrate supercritical or near critical behavior suitable for the present invention include, but are not limited to carbon dioxide, ammonia, water, methanol, ethanol, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, dimethyl ether, xenon, sulfur hexafluoride, halogenated and partially halogenated materials such as chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons (such as perfluoromethane and perfuoropropane, chloroform, trichlorofluoromethane, dichloro-difluoromethane, dichloro-tetrafluoroethane) and mixtures thereof. Carbon dioxide ispreferred. For densified carbon dioxide, conditions including a temperature between 0° C and 100° C and a pressure between 30 psig and 10,000 psig are preferred.

[0041] "Enclosure" as used herein refers to a vessel that can be sealed from the outside atmosphere, and thus may be at significantly different temperatures and pressures to the outside atmosphere.

[0042] The terms “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount,” as used herein, refer to a sufficient amount of the beneficial agent being released from the implant matereial that would be expected to relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms of the disease or condition being treated. For example, the result of release of the beneficial agent from the implant material disclosed herein is reduction and / or alleviation of the signs, symptoms, or causes of infection. For example, an “effective amount” for therapeutic uses is the amount of the beneficial agent, including a formulation as disclosed herein required to provide a decrease or amelioration in disease symptoms without undue adverse side effects. The term “therapeutically effective amount” includes, for example, a prophylactically effective amount. An “effective amount” of a beneficial agent released from the implant material disclosed herein is an amount effective to achieve a desired pharmacologic effect or therapeutic improvement without undue adverse side effects. It is understood that “an effective amount” or “a therapeutically effective amount” varies, in some embodiments, from subject to subject, due to variation in metabolism of the compound administered, age, weight, general condition of the subject, the condition being treated, the severity of the condition being treated, and the judgment of the prescribing physician. It is also understood that “an effective amount” in an extended-release dosing format may differ from “an effective amount” in an immediate-release dosing format base fabricd upon pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations.

[0043] The terms “enhance” or “enhancing” refers to an increase or prolongation of either the potency or duration of a desired effect of the beneficial agent, or a diminution of any adverse symptomatology. For example, in reference to enhancing the effect of the beneficial agent disclosed herein, the term “enhancing” refers to the ability to increase or prolong, either in potency or duration, the effect of other therapeutic agents that are used in combination with the beneficial agent disclosed herein. An “enhancing-effective amount,” as used herein, refers to an amount of the beneficial agent or other therapeutic agent that is adequate to enhance the effect of another therapeutic agent or beneficial agent in a desired system. When used in a patient, amounts effective for this use will depend on the severity and course of the disease, disorder or condition, previous therapy, the patient's health status and response to the drugs, and the judgment of the treating physician.Base Fabric Material

[0044] Base fabric material according to the present disclosure includes natural, naturally derived, processed, or synthetic material that forms the structural base of an fabric, such as an apparel fabric. In some embodiments, the base fabric material is a textile material, a mesh material, a foam material, a gel material, or combinations and laminates thereof.

[0045] In some embodiments, fiber materials are made into elongated members or wire-like elements and then woven to form a mesh network. In some embodiments, polymer filaments are also used together with themetallic elongated members or wire-like elements to form a network mesh. In some embodiments, a mesh network made of metal is welded, twisted, bent, glued, tied (with suture), heat sealed to one another; or connected in any manner known in the art.

[0046] In some embodiments, the surfaces of the fabric, such as apparel fabric, are textured. In some embodiments, the textured surfaces enable the anti-microbial coating to be applied to the fabric, such as apparel fabric. The fabric surface is textured uniformly with surface irregularities, including pores (micropores), dimples, spikes, ridges, grooves (e.g., microgrooves), roughened texture (e.g., microtextured), surface grain, strips, ribs, channels, ruts. The size of the micropores, dimples, spikes, ridges, grooves (e.g., microgrooves), roughened texture (e.g., microtextured), surface grain, strips, ribs, channels, ruts can range from about 1 pm to about 2000 pm. In some embodiments, the size ranges from about 10 pm to about 100 pm. In some embodiments, implant surface has pores from about 200 pm to about 2000 pm.

[0047] Synthetic and Processed Fabric Material

[0001] In some embodiments, the base fabric material is a synthetic or processed material. In some embodiments, the natural or naturally derived material is selected from polyester, nylon, acrylic, spandex, polyolefin, neoprene, fleece, microfiber, synthetic leather / suede, recycles thereof, or blends thereof.

[0002] Polyester

[0003] Polyester was another discovery by the DuPont company. It is now one of the most popular fabric, such as apparel fabric, in the world. The durability and strength of polyester fabric along with its costeffectiveness and easy maintenance make it the chosen fabric for most fast-fashion labels.

[0004] Nylon

[0005] Nylon is one of the most used synthetic fabrics; Since it was produced as a replacement for silk by DuPont, it has had unprecedented growth in usage across all fabric sectors, clothing, footwear, etc. The nylon fabric is preferred for its qualities like strength, resistance to abrasion, flexibility, quick-drying, water resistance, etc.

[0006] Acrylic

[0007] Acrylic, the fabric that closely resembles wool fabric is a pure synthetic fabric. It is understandably made as a substitute for wool. You get acrylic wool yam which can be knitted into fabric or you can buy acrylic clothing at a fraction of the price of wool, but just as warm and soft. In fact, many wool garments that you buy may be made of acrylic. The un-informed person can easily be fooled because of its close resemblance to wool in softness and appearance. Read more about acrylic fabric here.

[0008] Spandex

[0009] Spandex is a synthetic fabric made of polyurethane with a lot of elasticity; an alternative name for spandex is Elastane. It can stretch up to 400% of its original length and spring back in the same condition. It is lightweight and can wick moisture from the body. This fabric is the most popular choice for clothing that requires flexibility like sports apparel, exercise wear, form-fitting clothes, swimwear, etc. Most of the casual clothing today will have some amount of spandex fibers woven into its fabric.

[0010] Olefin

[0011] Olefin fiber is a synthetic fiber made from a polyolefin, such as polypropylene or polyethylene. It is not much of an apparel fabric but it is widely used in home furnishing, making ropes, etc. It is one of the most environmentally friendly fabrics among the synthetic fabrics as the production process is so and it is recyclable. It is strong, lightweight, durable, and is available in many textures.

[0012] Neoprene

[0013] This is a waterproof synthetic rubber (Polychloroprene ) used in the fabric industry. It was invented in 1930 by DuPont company as a substitute for natural rubber. It is latex-free, very strong, waterproof, and resistant to damage from solvents, oils, weathering, and abrasion. It is used to make bags, laptop sleeves, scuba wear, wet suits, and sportswear.

[0014] Fleece

[0015] Fleece is a synthetic insulating fabric typically made from a type of polyester called polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or other synthetic fibers. Fleece is very comfortable due to its light weight and antiperspiration qualities, and allows moisture to evaporate while blocking humidity from the outside. Polyester fleece is a two-sided pile / napped fabric made from polyester fibers. Microfleece is a very lightweight and soft synthetic knit fabric. Polyester fleece fabric is considered to have the insulating capacity of wool.

[0016] Microfiber

[0017] Microfiber is a synthetic textile made from ultra-fine yams like acrylic, polyester, and nylon. Microfiber is about 1 / 20 the diameter of a silk fiber, which is the finest of natural fibers. Microfiber is used to make clothing and footwear (e.g. linings).

[0018] Synthetic Leather and Suede

[0019] Synthetic leather and suede are manufactured to replace costly leather and suede and have most of the appearance of fiir / leather / suede right about them. Synthetic suede resembles suede leather. They are widely used to make accessories like bags, shoes, belts, etc as well as clothes like pants, jackets at very less cost than that of leather / suede or fur. Synthetic leather is made with a polyurethane face and has a knit or woven backing. The synthetic suede is made of nylon / polyester blended yam and then the fabric is bmshed to get the appearance of suede

[0020] Nature and Naturally Derived Fabric Material

[0021] In some embodiments, the base fabric material is a natural or naturally derived material. In some embodiments, the natural or naturally derived material is selected from cotton, linen, hemp, bamboo, silk, jute, ramie, coir, rayon, cellulose, recycles thereof, or blends thereof.

[0022] Natural, plant-based textile fibers come from seed hair, such as cotton; from foliage, such as sisal; from the stem, such as linen; and some fibers come from shells, such as coconut. Below is a list of example natural and naturally derived fabric material suitable for use in the present disclosure.

[0023] Cotton

[0024] Coton grows in balls around the plant seeds and it is pure cellulose. Coton is the natural textile fiber most widely used around the world and it is certainly the main protagonist in the global textile industry. There are two exceptional varieties of the highest quality: Egyptian coton and Peruvian Pima.

[0025] It is widely used in the fashion industry, both in flat fabrics and in woven clothing items and household textile products. Coton is used in combination with other natural and synthetic fibers, such as rayon, polyester, spandex, etc.

[0026] Coton fabrics are comfortable, very soft, have good heat conduction and absorbency; these characteristics make it perfect for garments that are in close contact with the skin, both in spring-summer and fall -winter seasons. Coton tends to shrink; it is prone to wrinkles and fading.

[0027] Coir

[0028] Coir is a short, hoarse fiber extracted from coconut husk. There are two types of coir: brown fiber, which comes from mature coconuts, and thin, white fiber, which comes from green, immature coconut husks.

[0029] The white variety of coir fiber is used to manufacture rope and maritime elements because they are resistant to seawater. Brown fiber is employed to produce household textile items and even for the automotive industry. Additionally, geotextiles produced with coir mesh have special characteristics such as resistance to sunlight, great water absorption and they are 100% biodegradable.

[0030] Hemp

[0031] Hemp fiber is obtained from the stem of the plant. One of the most relevant features of this plant is that it captures large quantities of carbon. With 70% of cellulose, hemp is an excellent heat conductor, it absorbs dyes adequately, it blocks UV rays, it is very resistant to mildew and has natural antibacterial properties.

[0032] Recent developments to “cotonize” hemp fiber could open the doors of high-quality fashion market to this fiber. The longest hemp fibers can be woven and knited to create curly fabrics, similar to linen, used in the textile industry. The mixture of hemp with coton, linen, silk and wool give hemp greater softness, while adding strength and durability to the product.

[0033] Hemp fibers are also used to manufacture paper and a wide variety of canvasses for different uses. It is also employed in the automotive and construction industries.

[0034] Linen

[0035] Linen is one of the strongest plant-based fibers in nature. It was one of the first to be grown, woven and knited to manufacture clothing and accessories. There are different types of linen based on their species. The main types are: common flax and perennial flax.

[0036] Linen is a fabric with high mechanical resistance and litle elasticity; therefore it wrinkles easily. Its softness increases with washes. As linen quickly absorbs and releases water, and as it is an excellent thermal conductor, the fabric is fresh, highly valued and employed in the production of clothing for warm areas. Linen garments are fresh, comfortable, and they symbolize elegance in summer fashion.

[0037] Linen maintains a strong traditional niche among high-quality textiles for household products, beddings, upholstery and interior design accessories.

[0038] Ramie

[0039] Ramie fiber is white with gloss similar to silk, and it is one of the strongest natural fibers, close to linen in absorption and density. It has little elasticity and it dyes easily. Ramie fibers have some transverse fissures that make it very fragile, but at the same time promote ventilation.

[0040] The rugged ramie fibers are used to make ropes and nets. Through threading, they produce thin, very glossy thread that is used for a wide variety of garments.

[0041] Fabrics made 100% of ramie are lightweight, silky to the touch but with a linen appearance. Normally, as its elasticity and resistance are quite low, ramie is mixed with other textile fibers or used to improve the characteristics of other textile fibers. For example, ramie is added to wool to reduce shrinking or to cotton to increase strength.

[0042] Sisal

[0043] Sisal is an excessively hard fiber and inelastic to be used in the fashion industry. It is employed in small proportions and in combination with other fibers for the manufacture of accessories and home decor items. Currently sisal is mainly used in the furniture, automotive and naval industries, always combined with other materials.

[0044] Jute

[0045] Jute is extracted from the stem of a plant with the same name and it is very easy to grow and harvest. Jute is one of the cheapest fibers to produce.

[0046] This fiber is also known as “golden fiber” because of its glow. Jute is one of the strongest, plantbased natural fibers, and it is second to cotton in terms of production volume.

[0047] Jute presents poor absorption, so it deteriorates quickly when exposed to humidity; it has low thermal conduction, but it contains significant insulating and anti-static properties. Jute is used as supplementary material in textile and footwear manufacturing, as well as in household textiles.Beneficial Agent

[0048] A wide variety of beneficial agent can be incorporated into the base fabric material using the supercritical fluid infiision / impregnation method disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is an antimicrobial agent, an odor reducing agent, a performance additive, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the anti -infective agent is an anti -microbial agent, an anti-biofilm agent, or a combination thereof.

[0049] Antimicrobial Agents

[0050] Antimicrobial agents useful for the reducing or prevent microbial growth or presence in fabrics, such as apparel fabrics, are infused or impregnated in the base fabric materials according the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, and / or an antiparasitic agent. Antimicrobial agents include agents that act to inhibit or eradicate microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and / or parasites. Specific antimicrobial agents may be used to combat specific microbes. In some embodiments,the microbes reduced or eliminated by the antimicrobial agents cause odors. In some embodiments, the microbes reduced or eliminated by the antimicrobial agents cause skin irritation. In some embodiments, the microbes reduced or eliminated by the antimicrobial agents cause disease or condition. In some embodiments, the microbes reduced or eliminated by the antimicrobial agents cause various combinations of odors, skin irritation and diseases or conditions.

[0051] In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is an antibacterial agent. In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent inhibits or eliminates bacteria by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent inhibits or eliminates bacteria by disrupting synthesis of bacterial cell wall. In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent inhibits or eliminates bacteria by changing permeability of bacterial cell membranes. In some embodiments, the antibacterial agent inhibits or eliminates bacteria by disrupting DNA replication in bacteria.

[0052] Antibacterial agents include amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, paromomycin, geldanmycin, herbimycin, loracarbef, ertapenem, doripenem, imipenem, cilastatin, meropenem, cefadroxil, cefazolin, cefalotin, cefalexin, cefaclor, cefamandole, cefoxitin, defprozil, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftobiprole, teicoplanin, vancomycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, troleandomycin, telithromycin, spectinomycin, aztreonam, amoxicillin, ampicillin, azlocillin, carbenicillin, cioxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucioxacillin, mezlocillin, meticillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, penicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillan, bacitracin, colistin, polymyxin B, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trovfloxacin, mafenide, prontosil, sulfacetamide, sulfamethizole, sulfanimilimde, sulfsalazine, sulfsioxazole, trimethoprim, demeclocycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxtetracycline, tetracycline, arsphenamine, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, lincomycin, ethambutol, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, furazolidone, isoniazid, linezolid, metronidazole, mupirocin, nitrofurantoin, platensimycin, pyrazinamide, quinuspristin / dalfopristin, rifampin, tinidazole, and combinations thereof.

[0053] In some embodiments, an antibiotic compatible with the compositions described herein is a broadspectrum antibiotic.

[0054] Antifungal agents include amrolfme, utenafine, naftifine, terbinafme, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, voriconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole, oxiconazole, sulconazole, terconazole, tioconazole, nikkomycin Z, caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, amphotericin B, liposomal nystastin, pimaricin, griseofulvin, ciclopirox olamine, haloprogin, tolnaftate, undecylenate, clioquinol, and combinations thereof.

[0055] Antiparasitic agents include amitraz, amoscanate, avermectin, carbadox, diethylcarbamizine, dimetridazole, diminazene, ivermectin, macrofilaricide, malathion, mitaban, oxamniquine, permethrin, praziquantel, prantel pamoate, selamectin, sodium stibogluconate, thiabendazole, and combinations thereof.

[0056] In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%, about 0.006%, about 0.007%, about 0.008%, about 0.009%, about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, or about 0.5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.002% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.002% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.0012% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.001% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0008% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.15%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, about 0.5%, about 0.55%, about 0.6%, about 0.65%, about 0.7%, about 0.75%, about 0.8%, about 0.85%, about 0.9%, about 0.95%, about 1% w / w, about 1.1% w / w, about 1.2% w / w, about 1.3% w / w, about 1.4% w / w, about 1.5% w / w, about 1.6% w / w, about 1.7% w / w, about 1.8% w / w, about 1.9% w / w, about 2% w / w, about 2.1% w / w, about 2.2% w / w, about 2.3% w / w, about 2.4% w / w, about 2.5% w / w, about 2.6% w / w, about 2.7% w / w, about 2.8% w / w, about 2.9% w / w, about 3% w / w, about 3.1% w / w, about 3.2% w / w, about 3.3% w / w, about 3.4% w / w, about 3.5% w / w, about 3.6% w / w, about 3.7% w / w, about 3.8% w / w, about 3.9% w / w, about 4% w / w, about 4.1% w / w, about 4.2% w / w, about 4.3% w / w, about 4.4% w / w, about 4.5% w / w, about 4.6% w / w, about 4.7% w / w, about 4.8% w / w, about 4.9% w / w, about 5% w / w, about 5.5% w / w, about 6% w / w, about 6.5% w / w, about 7% w / w, about 7.5% w / w, about 8% w / w, about 8.5% w / w, about 9% w / w, about 9.5% w / w, or about 10% w / w.

[0057] In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 10% w / w and about 20% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 10% w / w and about 15% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 15% w / w and about 20% w / w.

[0058] In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% w / w, about 10.1% w / w, about 10.2% w / w, about 10.3% w / w, about 10.4% w / w, about 10.5% w / w, about 10.6% w / w, about 10.7% w / w, about 10.8% w / w, about 10.9% w / w, about 11% w / w, about 11.1% w / w, about 11.2% w / w, about 11.3% w / w, about 11.4% w / w, about 11.5% w / w, about 11.6% w / w, about 11.7% w / w, about 11.8% w / w, about 11.9% w / w, about 12% w / w, about 12.1% w / w, about 12.2% w / w, about 12.3% w / w, about 12.4% w / w, about 12.5% w / w, about 12.6% w / w, about 12.7% w / w, about 12.8% w / w, about 12.9% w / w, about 13% w / w, about 13.1% w / w, about 13.2% w / w, about 13.3% w / w, about 13.4% w / w, about 13.5% w / w, about 13.6% w / w, about 13.7% w / w, about 13.8% w / w, about 13.9% w / w, about 14% w / w, about 14.1% w / w, about 14.2% w / w, about 14.3% w / w, about 14.4% w / w, about 14.5% w / w, about 14.6% w / w, about 14.7% w / w, about 14.8% w / w, about 14.9% w / w, about 15% w / w, about 15.1% w / w, about 15.2% w / w, about 15.3% w / w, about 15.4% w / w, about 15.5% w / w, about 15.6% w / w, about 15.7% w / w, about 15.8% w / w, about 15.9% w / w, about 16% w / w, about 16.1% w / w, about 16.2% w / w, about 16.3% w / w, about 16.4% w / w, about 16.5% w / w, about 16.6% w / w, about 16.7% w / w, about 16.8% w / w, about 16.9% w / w, about 17% w / w, about 17.1% w / w, about 17.2% w / w, about 17.3% w / w, about 17.4% w / w, about 17.5% w / w, about 17.6% w / w, about 17.7% w / w, about 17.8% w / w, about 17.9% w / w, about 18% w / w, about 18.1% w / w, about 18.2% w / w, about 18.3% w / w, about 18.4% w / w, about 18.5% w / w, about 18.6% w / w, about 18.7% w / w, about 18.8% w / w, about 18.9% w / w, about 19% w / w, about 19.1% w / w, about 19.2% w / w, about 19.3% w / w, about 19.4% w / w, about 19.5% w / w, about 19.6% w / w, about 19.7% w / w, about 19.8% w / w, about 19.9% w / w, or about 20% w / w.

[0059] In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.001% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% w / w. In someembodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 4% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent s present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is presentin the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 1% w / w.

[0060] Odor Reducing Agent

[0061] In some embodiments, the beneficial agents include one or more odor reducing agents that traps, neutralizes, eliminates, masks, or otherwise reduces odor from fabric, such as apparel fabric. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is selected from zeolites, engineered polymers, cyclodextrines, activated carbon, silver, fragrances, or combinations thereof.

[0062] A wide range of micro-organism co-exists in a natural symmetry that is both in the human body and environment. This rapid and uncontrolled multiplication of non-pathogenic microbes can seriously affect the health standards. The term body odor means odors generated as a result of natural functioning of human body. Odor produced by microorganisms of the skin through decomposition of skin secretions, urine and other body odor. Such odors are mainly organic compound, which contain different functional group and chemical structure. Such as amine, alcohols, aldehyde ketone phenols etc.

[0063] Odor is sometime introduced on fabric, such as apparel fabric from an outside source such as dirt / soil, cigarette smoke, garlic. More often, odor is the aftermath of bacterial growing and metabolizing on the fabric. These bacteria have migrated from the skin and uses the nutrient delivered in sweat as a food source. These metabolites are volatile and can be free from the textile itself as “offensive odors.

[0064] In some embodiments, the fabric, such as apparel fabric disclosed herein is infused or impregnated with an odor reducing agent which subdue or inhibit the spreading of odor or bad smell by preventing bacterial growth or neutralized the bad smell in the textile substrate. This process eliminates foul smelling odors caused by pathogenic bacteria and keeping the fabric and the wearer fresh and comfortable. Additionally, the fabric does not lose its structural integrity and / or performance and therefore the odor reducing effect continues throughout the wear time of the apparel.

[0065] There are primarily two ways of controlling odor on fabrics - capturing or trapping odors (passive approach) or stop the growth of microorganisms (active approach).

[0066] This odor capturing or trapping method is efficient against odor producing components as they are absorbed by odor absorbers like zeolites or activated carbon. Once the capture capacity of these materials isreached they need to be renewed, such as by drying at a high temperature. The odor capture measurements of the textile products are sometimes related to the purity, size and amount of used absorber. Another way of passively reducing odor is by masking, i.e. using a more pleasant odors, such as those generated by fragrances, to reduce the effect of the malodor.

[0067] This active odor elimination is based on hindering or reducing the growth of bacteria (biostatic) or to kill surface applied bacteria (biocidal). Controlling microbial growth reins the cause of most fabric odors that is unwanted bacterial growth. This reduces the formation of biofilms of bacteria on fabrics that ensure the more comfort and also controlled the odors. Silver and nano-silver are worked on this basis of technique that reduces the occurrence of unpleasant body odors and other unpleasant smells by inhibiting the replica of bacteria, mites and fungi that cause odors.

[0068] Most anti -odor technologies for clothing are based on chemical treatments. Agents such as zeolite, engineered polymers, cyclodextrine, activated carbon and silver are the chemically anti odorant agent. Zeolites are mineral -based substances originating from volcanic ash that have the power of binding odorous material and keep products smelling fresh. Enormous surface area of zeolite carriers entices and adsorb odor molecules on products. Next-generation equipment of zeolite not only attracts and adsorbs odor molecules, but also degrades them.

[0069] Engineered polymer is one kind of resin that traps human odors. It is a synthetic material, which is fused to the fabric particularly in the scent blocker garments, contains macro pores that provide a large surface area for human odor molecules to enter and micro pores to trap them.

[0070] The cyclodextrins (also called Schardinger dextrin, cycloglucose, cycloamylose, cycloglucoamylose) are non-reducing cyclical oligo- saccharin, consisting of 6 to 12 (sometimes even 26) a- D (+)-glucopyranosic groups bound to a- 1,4 glycosidic. Which has a cone trunk structure with a cavity in its center, inside part of the cone is hydrophobic and outside portion are hydrophilic. Cyclodextrins contain several number of glucose units in its structure. The common cyclodextrins contain 6,7 and 8 number glucose units to form a-CD, -CD and y-CD respectively.

[0071] The cyclodextrins are synthesized by enzymatic degradation of starch, maize and com. All the hydroxyl groups in the cyclodextrins are oriented to the outside of the ring, while the glucosidal oxygen and two rings of the non-exchangeable hydrogen atoms are directed towards the interior of the cavity. This combination gives cyclodextrins a hydrophobic inner cavity and hydrophilic exterior. The hydrophobic inner cavity provides the capacity to form inclusion complex with a variety of guest molecules such as aromatics, alcohols, fatty acid and esters. The hydroxyl group can link with cross-linking agent, which can provide strong linkage with hydroxyl group of textile material. The hydrophobic cavity of CDs can accommodate odors molecules from sweat and environment. The CDs can also be scent release finish.

[0072] Activated carbon refers to carbon is treated to have a surface area that is covered with tiny pores that chemically adsorb or trap, odor molecules surrounding them. The surface of activated carbon granules is enclosed with so many microscopic pores that just one gram can have a total surface area of 500 squaremeters. Activated carbon which is resulting from coconut shells, where carbon particles are modified to enhance adsorption of specific odor molecules.

[0073] Silver obstructs the growth of odor causing bacteria and provides reliable antimicrobial protection, ideal for clothing worn in everyday life, sport and travel. Improvement-silver finish is an antibacterial finishing technology using active silver ions. Silver has been known for centuries to be a natural agent to reduce the growth of bacteria and fungus. The finish is long lasting and wash resistant. Silver particle minimize odor providing fresh feeling besides any demagogical adverse impact. Mechanism of silver as an anti -odor agent includes: (1) silver ions may bind non-specifically to cell surfaces, causing some disruption to the cellular membrane function and permitting the silver ions to penetrate the microbe structure; (2) silver ions are highly reactive and readily bind to electron-donor groups, prime targets being the thiol groups (-SH) which are commonly initiate in enzymes within the microbe; and (3) silver ions react with the base pairs of DNA thus preventing DNA replication of odor producing microbes.

[0074] In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%, about 0.006%, about 0.007%, about 0.008%, about 0.009%, about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, or about 0.5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.002% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.002% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.0012% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.001% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0008% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.15%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, about 0.5%, about 0.55%, about 0.6%, about 0.65%, about 0.7%, about 0.75%, about 0.8%, about 0.85%, about 0.9%, about 0.95%, about 1% w / w, about 1.1% w / w, about 1.2% w / w, about 1.3% w / w, about 1.4% w / w, about 1.5% w / w, about 1.6% w / w, about 1.7% w / w, about 1.8% w / w, about 1.9% w / w, about 2% w / w, about 2.1% w / w, about 2.2% w / w, about 2.3% w / w, about 2.4% w / w, about 2.5% w / w, about 2.6% w / w, about 2.7% w / w, about 2.8%w / w, about 2.9% w / w, about 3% w / w, about 3.1% w / w, about 3.2% w / w, about 3.3% w / w, about 3.4% w / w, about 3.5% w / w, about 3.6% w / w, about 3.7% w / w, about 3.8% w / w, about 3.9% w / w, about 4% w / w, about 4.1% w / w, about 4.2% w / w, about 4.3% w / w, about 4.4% w / w, about 4.5% w / w, about 4.6% w / w, about 4.7% w / w, about 4.8% w / w, about 4.9% w / w, about 5% w / w, about 5.5% w / w, about 6% w / w, about 6.5% w / w, about 7% w / w, about 7.5% w / w, about 8% w / w, about 8.5% w / w, about 9% w / w, about 9.5% w / w, or about 10% w / w.

[0075] In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 10% w / w and about 20% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 10% w / w and about 15% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 15% w / w and about 20% w / w.

[0076] In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% w / w, about 10.1% w / w, about 10.2% w / w, about 10.3% w / w, about 10.4% w / w, about 10.5% w / w, about 10.6% w / w, about 10.7% w / w, about 10.8% w / w, about 10.9% w / w, about 11% w / w, about 11.1% w / w, about 11.2% w / w, about 11.3% w / w, about 11.4% w / w, about 11.5% w / w, about 11.6% w / w, about 11.7% w / w, about 11.8% w / w, about 11.9% w / w, about 12% w / w, about 12.1% w / w, about 12.2% w / w, about 12.3% w / w, about 12.4% w / w, about 12.5% w / w, about 12.6% w / w, about 12.7% w / w, about 12.8% w / w, about 12.9% w / w, about 13% w / w, about 13.1% w / w, about 13.2% w / w, about 13.3% w / w, about 13.4% w / w, about 13.5% w / w, about 13.6% w / w, about 13.7% w / w, about 13.8% w / w, about 13.9% w / w, about 14% w / w, about 14.1% w / w, about 14.2% w / w, about 14.3% w / w, about 14.4% w / w, about 14.5% w / w, about 14.6% w / w, about 14.7% w / w, about 14.8% w / w, about 14.9% w / w, about 15% w / w, about 15.1% w / w, about 15.2% w / w, about 15.3% w / w, about 15.4% w / w, about 15.5% w / w, about 15.6% w / w, about 15.7% w / w, about 15.8% w / w, about 15.9% w / w, about 16% w / w, about 16.1% w / w, about 16.2% w / w, about 16.3% w / w, about 16.4% w / w, about 16.5% w / w, about 16.6% w / w, about 16.7% w / w, about 16.8% w / w, about 16.9% w / w, about 17% w / w, about 17.1% w / w, about 17.2% w / w, about 17.3% w / w, about 17.4% w / w, about 17.5% w / w, about 17.6% w / w, about 17.7% w / w, about 17.8% w / w, about 17.9% w / w, about 18% w / w, about 18.1% w / w, about 18.2% w / w, about 18.3% w / w, about 18.4% w / w, about 18.5% w / w, about 18.6% w / w, about 18.7% w / w, about 18.8% w / w, about 18.9% w / w, about 19% w / w, about 19.1% w / w, about 19.2% w / w, about 19.3% w / w, about 19.4% w / w, about 19.5% w / w, about 19.6% w / w, about 19.7% w / w, about 19.8% w / w, about 19.9% w / w, or about 20% w / w.

[0077] In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 2% w / w. In someembodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.001% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0. 1% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 4% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceuticalcomposition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0. 1% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent s present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0. 1% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0. 1% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the odor reducing agent is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 1% w / w.

[0078] Performance Additives

[0079] In some embodiments, the beneficial agents include one or more performance additives that enhances the performance of the fabric, such as apparel fabric. In some embodiments, the performance additives are selected from flexibility-enhancing additives, elasticity-enhancing additive, fabric-strengthening additives, UV -protection additives, wetting agents, or combinations thereof.

[0080] In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%, about 0.006%, about 0.007%, about 0.008%, about 0.009%, about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, or about 0.5%w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.002% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.002% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.0012% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.001% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0008% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.15%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, about 0.5%, about 0.55%, about 0.6%, about 0.65%, about 0.7%, about 0.75%, about 0.8%, about 0.85%, about 0.9%, about 0.95%, about 1% w / w, about 1.1% w / w, about 1.2% w / w, about 1.3% w / w, about 1.4% w / w, about 1.5% w / w, about 1.6% w / w, about 1.7% w / w, about 1.8% w / w, about 1.9% w / w, about 2% w / w, about 2.1% w / w, about 2.2% w / w, about 2.3% w / w, about 2.4% w / w, about 2.5% w / w, about 2.6% w / w, about 2.7% w / w, about 2.8% w / w, about 2.9% w / w, about 3% w / w, about 3.1% w / w, about 3.2% w / w, about 3.3% w / w, about 3.4% w / w, about 3.5% w / w, about 3.6% w / w, about 3.7% w / w, about 3.8% w / w, about 3.9% w / w, about 4% w / w, about 4.1% w / w, about 4.2% w / w, about 4.3% w / w, about 4.4% w / w, about 4.5% w / w, about 4.6% w / w, about 4.7% w / w, about 4.8% w / w, about 4.9% w / w, about 5% w / w, about 5.5% w / w, about 6% w / w, about 6.5% w / w, about 7% w / w, about 7.5% w / w, about 8% w / w, about 8.5% w / w, about 9% w / w, about 9.5% w / w, or about 10% w / w.

[0081] In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 10% w / w and about 20% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 10% w / w and about 15% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 15% w / w and about 20% w / w.

[0082] In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% w / w, about 10.1% w / w, about 10.2% w / w, about 10.3% w / w, about 10.4% w / w, about 10.5% w / w, about 10.6% w / w, about 10.7% w / w, about 10.8% w / w, about 10.9% w / w, about 11% w / w, about 11.1% w / w, about 11.2% w / w, about 11.3% w / w, about 11.4% w / w, about 11.5% w / w, about 11.6% w / w, about 11.7% w / w, about 11.8% w / w, about 11.9% w / w, about 12% w / w, about 12. 1% w / w, about 12.2% w / w, about 12.3% w / w, about 12.4% w / w, about 12.5% w / w, about 12.6% w / w, about 12.7% w / w, about 12.8% w / w, about 12.9% w / w, about 13% w / w, about 13.1% w / w, about 13.2% w / w, about 13.3% w / w, about 13.4% w / w, about 13.5% w / w, about 13.6% w / w, about 13.7% w / w, about 13.8% w / w, about 13.9% w / w, about 14%w / w, about 14.1% w / w, about 14.2% w / w, about 14.3% w / w, about 14.4% w / w, about 14.5% w / w, about 14.6% w / w, about 14.7% w / w, about 14.8% w / w, about 14.9% w / w, about 15% w / w, about 15.1% w / w, about 15.2% w / w, about 15.3% w / w, about 15.4% w / w, about 15.5% w / w, about 15.6% w / w, about 15.7% w / w, about 15.8% w / w, about 15.9% w / w, about 16% w / w, about 16.1% w / w, about 16.2% w / w, about 16.3% w / w, about 16.4% w / w, about 16.5% w / w, about 16.6% w / w, about 16.7% w / w, about 16.8% w / w, about 16.9% w / w, about 17% w / w, about 17.1% w / w, about 17.2% w / w, about 17.3% w / w, about 17.4% w / w, about 17.5% w / w, about 17.6% w / w, about 17.7% w / w, about 17.8% w / w, about 17.9% w / w, about 18% w / w, about 18.1% w / w, about 18.2% w / w, about 18.3% w / w, about 18.4% w / w, about 18.5% w / w, about 18.6% w / w, about 18.7% w / w, about 18.8% w / w, about 18.9% w / w, about 19% w / w, about 19.1% w / w, about 19.2% w / w, about 19.3% w / w, about 19.4% w / w, about 19.5% w / w, about 19.6% w / w, about 19.7% w / w, about 19.8% w / w, about 19.9% w / w, or about 20% w / w.

[0083] In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.001% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceuticalcomposition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 4% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive s present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0. 1% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0. 1% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical compositionin an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the performance additive is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0. 1% to about 1% w / w.

[0084] Quaternary Ammonium Salts

[0085] In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is a quaternary ammonium salt. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is contemplated that, in some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt comprises C12 or C14 alkyl chain. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is not benzalkonium chloride or a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is Cl 4- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride .

[0086] In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is a salt of a quaternary ammonium cation. As used herein “quaternary ammonium cations” also known as quats, refer to positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure NR4+, R being an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH4+) and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is not a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a C10 or C16 alkyl chain. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a C12 or C14 alkyl chain. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is not benzalkonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C10-C16- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is Cl 2- C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is substantially pure C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride that is separated from a mixture of C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride that is separated from a mixture of C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride and contains less than about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, or about 10% of C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, does not have any toxicity.

[0087] In some embodiments, the C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride is a mixture of C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride and C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride.

[0088] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is essentially free of alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethyl ammonium salt having an alkyl of less than 12 carbons or more than 14 carbons.

[0089] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition described herein is substantially free of benzalkonium chloride.

[0090] In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%, about 0.006%, about 0.007%, about 0.008%, about 0.009%, about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, or about 0.5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.002% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.002% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.0012% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.001% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0008% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.1%, about 0.15%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, about 0.5%, about 0.55%, about 0.6%, about 0.65%, about 0.7%, about 0.75%, about 0.8%, about 0.85%, about 0.9%, about 0.95%, about 1% w / w, about 1.1% w / w, about 1.2% w / w, about 1.3% w / w, about 1.4% w / w, about 1.5% w / w, about 1.6% w / w, about 1.7% w / w, about 1.8% w / w, about 1.9% w / w, about 2% w / w, about 2.1% w / w, about 2.2% w / w, about 2.3% w / w, about 2.4% w / w, about 2.5% w / w, about 2.6% w / w, about 2.7% w / w, about 2.8% w / w, about 2.9% w / w, about 3% w / w, about 3.1% w / w, about 3.2% w / w, about 3.3% w / w, about 3.4% w / w, about 3.5% w / w, about 3.6% w / w, about 3.7% w / w, about 3.8% w / w, about 3.9% w / w, about 4% w / w, about 4.1% w / w, about 4.2% w / w, about 4.3% w / w, about 4.4% w / w, about 4.5% w / w, about 4.6% w / w, about 4.7% w / w, about 4.8% w / w, about 4.9% w / w, about 5% w / w, about 5.5% w / w, about 6% w / w, about 6.5% w / w, about 7% w / w, about 7.5% w / w, about 8% w / w, about 8.5% w / w, about 9% w / w, about 9.5% w / w, or about 10% w / w.

[0091] In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 10% w / w and about 20% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 10% w / w and about 15% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount between about 15% w / w and about 20% w / w.

[0092] In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of about 10% w / w, about 10.1% w / w, about 10.2% w / w, about 10.3% w / w, about 10.4% w / w, about 10.5% w / w, about 10.6% w / w, about 10.7% w / w, about 10.8% w / w, about 10.9% w / w, about 11% w / w, about 11.1% w / w, about 11.2% w / w, about 11.3% w / w, about 11.4% w / w, about 11.5% w / w, about 11.6% w / w, about 11.7% w / w, about 11.8% w / w, about 11.9% w / w, about 12% w / w, about 12.1% w / w, about 12.2% w / w, about 12.3% w / w, about 12.4% w / w, about 12.5% w / w, about 12.6% w / w, about 12.7% w / w, about 12.8% w / w, about 12.9% w / w, about 13% w / w, about 13.1% w / w, about 13.2% w / w, about 13.3% w / w, about 13.4% w / w, about 13.5% w / w, about 13.6% w / w, about 13.7% w / w, about 13.8% w / w, about 13.9% w / w, about 14% w / w, about 14.1% w / w, about 14.2% w / w, about 14.3% w / w, about 14.4% w / w, about 14.5% w / w, about 14.6% w / w, about 14.7% w / w, about 14.8% w / w, about 14.9% w / w, about 15% w / w, about 15.1% w / w, about 15.2% w / w, about 15.3% w / w, about 15.4% w / w, about 15.5% w / w, about 15.6% w / w, about 15.7% w / w, about 15.8% w / w, about 15.9% w / w, about 16% w / w, about 16.1% w / w, about 16.2% w / w, about 16.3% w / w, about 16.4% w / w, about 16.5% w / w, about 16.6% w / w, about 16.7% w / w, about 16.8% w / w, about 16.9% w / w, about 17% w / w, about 17.1% w / w, about 17.2% w / w, about 17.3% w / w, about 17.4% w / w, about 17.5% w / w, about 17.6% w / w, about 17.7% w / w, about 17.8% w / w, about 17.9% w / w, about 18% w / w, about 18.1% w / w, about 18.2% w / w, about 18.3% w / w, about 18.4%w / w, about 18.5% w / w, about 18.6% w / w, about 18.7% w / w, about 18.8% w / w, about 18.9% w / w, about 19% w / w, about 19.1% w / w, about 19.2% w / w, about 19.3% w / w, about 19.4% w / w, about 19.5% w / w, about 19.6% w / w, about 19.7% w / w, about 19.8% w / w, about 19.9% w / w, or about 20% w / w.

[0093] In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.0001% to about 0.001% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl (ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 0.01% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 0.1% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0. 1% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt,e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 4% to about 5% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0. 1% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 4% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12- CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 3% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or Cl 2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12- C14-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 2% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 1% w / w. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt, e.g., CI2-CI4-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride or CI2-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount ranging from about 0. 1% to about 1% w / w.

[0094] In some embodiments, the quaternary ammonium salt destroys phospholipids within the microbial cell wall, prompting autolysis and microbial cell entry for an additional antimicrobial agent incorporated in the fabric composition, such as apparel fabric composition. In some embodiment, the additional antimicrobial agent is infused or impregnated in the base fabric material through supercritical fluid process disclosed herein, e,g. by combing with the quaternary ammonium salt prior to contact with supercritical fluid or by combining with the supercritical fluid prior to contact with the quaternary ammonium salt. In some embodiment, the additional antimicrobial agent is coated to the fabric material formed by the process disclosed herein.Supercritical Fluid Infusing or Impregnation Processes

[0095] In some embodiments, the composition is prepared by a process comprising: contacting the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) in an enclosure under an elevated pressure to allow the beneficial agent to impregnate at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the process further comprises reducing the pressure within the enclosure after at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

[0096] In some embodiments, the base fabric material and beneficial agent are placed in the enclosure before SCF-CO2 enters the enclosure. The composition of Embodiment 36-37, wherein the beneficial agent is combined with SCF-CO2 to form a mixture before the mixture contacts the base fabric material in the enclosure. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 6000 psi.

[0097] In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure isfrom about 1500 psi to about 2000 psi. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 15°C to about 60°C. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 30°C to about 55°C. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 40°C to about 50°C. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue.

[0098] In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 2500 psi to about 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 4000 psi to about 5000 psi. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 60°C to about 160°C. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 80°C to about 150°C. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 110°C to about 130°C. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises polypropylene.

[0099] In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours.

[0100] Disclosed herein, in some embodiments, is method of preparing an fabric composition, such as apparel fabric composition, comprising: (i) placing the base fabric material in an enclosure, wherein the base fabric material comprises a surface portion and an interior portion; (ii) allowing supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) to flow into the enclosure and contact the base fabric material in the presence of a beneficial agent at an elevated pressure; (iii) reducing pressure in the enclosure after at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent

[0101] In some embodiments, the base fabric material and beneficial agent are placed in the enclosure before SCF-CO2 enters the enclosure. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent is combined with SCF-CO2 to form a mixture before the mixture contacts the base fabric material in the enclosure. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 6000 psi.

[0102] In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2500 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 1500 psi to about 2000 psi. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about15°C to about 60°C during the contact. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about30°C to about 55°C during the contact. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about40°C to about 50°C during the contact. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue.

[0103] In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 2500 psi to about 6000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 6000 psi. In some embodiments, theelevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 5000 psi. In some embodiments, the elevated pressure is from about 4000 psi to about 5000 psi. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 60°C to about 160°C during the contact. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 80°C to about 150°C during the contact. In some embodiments, temperature in the enclosure is from about 110°C to about 130°C during the contact. In some embodiments, the base fabric material comprises polypropylene.

[0104] In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF- CO2 occurs for a period of from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. In some embodiments, the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours.

[0105] In some embodiments, the contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material occurs in the presence of the beneficial agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the solvent is combined with beneficial agent prior to the contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material. In some embodiments, the solvent is combined with SCF-CO2 prior to the contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material in the presence of the beneficial agent.

[0106] Supercritical fluids that may be used to carry out the present invention are, in some embodiments, gases (that is, compounds that are in the form of a gas at atmospheric pressure and 25 °C). Examples of such supercritical fluids include but are not limited to carbon dioxide, ammonia, water, methanol, ethanol, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, dimethyl ether, xenon, sulfur hexafluoride, halogenated and partially halogenated materials such as chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons (such as perfluoromethane and perfuoropropane, chloroform, trichloro-fluoromethane, dichloro-difluoromethane, dichloro-tetrafluoroethane) and mixtures thereof. Carbon dioxide is preferred.

[0107] The supercritical fluids may be utilized per se or a cosolvent may be included therewith (e.g., in an amount of from 0.01 or 0.1 to 20 or 30 percent by weight or more). Examples of cosolvents include, but are not limited to, water and organic co-solvents. The organic co-solvent may be one compound or a mixture of two or more ingredients. The organic co-solvent may be or comprise an alcohol (including diols, triols, etc.), ether, amine, ketone, carbonate, or alkanes, or hydrocarbon (aliphatic or aromatic) The organic co-solvent may be a mixture of compounds, such as mixtures of alkanes as given above, or mixtures of one or more alkanes in combination with additional compounds such as one or more alcohols as described above, (e.g., from 0 or 0.1 to 5% of a Cl to C15 alcohol (including diols, triols, etc.)). See, e.g., US Patent No. 6,669,785. The solvent may optionally contain a surfactant, as also described in (for example) US Patent No. 6,669,785.

[0108] The solvent is preferably provided in densified form. This densified form can be a gas at densities greater than 1.1 times the gas density at STP, a liquid (including near-supercritical fluids) or as a densified fluid, these three forms together sometimes being referred to as a "densified" fluid or "densified" gas. See, e.g., US Patent Nos. 6,860,123; 6,837,611; and 6,755,871.

[0109] Utilization of Super Critical Fluid (SCF) methodology to impregnate fabric materials, such as apparel fabric materials, with antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, is base fabric upon the novel application of the behavior of supercritical fluids as solvent / antisolvent with co-solvents produced by unique methods to infuse (impregnate) a fabric material with a desired compound or mixture of compounds, solutions, and materials (infusates, agents, Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) to impart an antimicrobial and antibiofilm property to the material. Impregnation is accomplished using novel equipment and novel methods for utilizing SCF capabilities so as to create a rapid, low cost treatment process which does not markedly increase implant production cost; some examples are, but not limited to: breast augmentation implants with anti-biofilm & anti- infective properties, cannulas and catheters for the urinary tract or circulatory system access with anti-biofdm and anti-infective properties, orthopedic implants including human bone graft donor material with anti-biofilm & anti-infective characteristics, effective strong hernia repair implant meshes with anti-infective properties produced quickly at minimal cost to manufacture.Articles Using Fabrics Infused or Impregnated with Beneficial Agent

[0110] In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to an article, such as apparels, using fabrics infused or impregnated with beneficial agent disclosed here. In some embodiments, the apparel article is an article of clothing. In some embodiments, the apparel article is an article of footwear.

[0111] In some embodiments, the fabric is infused or impregnated with the beneficial agent before the fabric is used to form the apparel article. In some embodiment, the fabric without beneficial agent infusion or impregnation is used to form the apparel article, and then the apparel article is infused or impregnated with the beneficial agent. In some embodiments, the use of fabrics infused or impregnated with beneficial agent disclosed here does not adversely affect the structural integrity of the apparel fabric or apparel article. In some embodiments, the use of fabrics infused or impregnated with beneficial agent disclosed here enhances the structural integrity of the apparel fabric or apparel article.

[0112] Sportswear

[0113] In some embodiments, the apparel article is a sportswear. Sportswear or activewear is clothing, including footwear, worn for sport or physical exercise. Sport-specific clothing is worn for most sports and physical exercise, for practical, comfort or safety reasons.

[0114] Typical sport-specific garments include tracksuits, shorts, T-shirts and polo shirts. Specialized garments include swimsuits (for swimming), wet suits (for diving or surfing), ski suits (for skiing) and leotards (for gymnastics). Sports footwear include trainers, football boots, riding boots, and ice skates. Sportswear also includes bikini and some crop tops. Sportswear is also at times worn as casual fashion clothing.

[0115] For most sports the athletes wear a combination of different items of clothing, e.g. sport shoes, pants and shirts. In some sports, protective gear may need to be worn, such as helmets or American football body armour. Especially in team sports which involved blocking, intercepting, or pursuing small, hard projectiles such as cricket, baseball, and hockey (where balls or pucks are struck to speeds in excess of 100 MPH (45 m / s)) jockstraps (or jillstraps) are standard equipment at higher levels of play. Other undergarments, such as the sportsbra, furnish a mixture of protection and comfort. Some protective or supportive orthotics resemble and function as undergarments (especially flexible harnesses and braces); though intended to be worn for sports, these are not generally conceived of as sportswear per se.

[0116] Sports fabrics are technical materials which help to keep the wearer comfortable during exercise. The type of fabric required will depend upon the intensity of the exercise and the activity. Yoga clothing should use fabrics with exceptional stretch ability for easy movement which will likely require the fabric to be of a knitted construction. Apparel for long-distance running will keep the wearer in good comfort if it has excellent moisture wicking properties to enable sweat to transfer from the inside to the outside for the garment. Performance clothing for outdoor sports in the winter or snow sports should use breathable fabrics with very good insulating properties.

[0117] In wealthy and rising economies, sportswear is a major consumption category in the personal health, luxury goods and leisure space, associated with aggressive media presence and marketing strategies of global scope, often centered around endorsements from celebrity athletes. At the very highest levels of performance, the durability requirement of a costly and technically advanced item of sportswear can be as short as a single competitive event. At lower levels of competition and participation, there are many possible trade-offs between form, function, aesthetics (fashion), performance style, durability and cost. This has led to an almost bewildering array of product offerings, especially where the collision between all these variables is most intense, in particular footwear (most especially runners and court shoes), with seasonal issues, tweaks, and respins from all the major brands, elevated to the level of iconic symbols in some cultural subgroups.

[0118] Sportswear is typically designed to be lightweight so as not to encumber the wearer. The best athletic wear for some forms of exercise, for example cycling, should not create drag or be too bulky. On the other hand, sportswear should be loose enough so as not to restrict movement. Some sports have specific style requirements, for example the keikogi used in karate. Various physically dangerous sports require protective gear, e.g. for fencing, American football, or ice hockey.

[0119] Sportswear design must consider the thermal insulation needs of the wearer. In hot situations, sportswear should allow the wearer to stay cool; while in cold situations, sportswear should help the wearer to stay warm.

[0120] Sportswear should also be able to transfer sweat away from the skin, using, for example, moisture transferring fabric. Spandex is a popular material used as base layers to soak up sweat. For example, in activities such as skiing and mountain climbing this is achieved by using layering: moisture transferring (wicking) materials are worn next to the skin, followed by an insulating layer, and then wind and water resistant shell garments.

[0121] Moisture-wicking fabrics are a class of hi-tech fabrics that provide moisture control for an athlete's skin. They move perspiration away from the body to the fabric's outer surface where it can evaporate. These fabrics typically are soft, lightweight, and stretchy — in other words, they are perfectly suited for making activewear. Moisture-wicking means that the fabric is absorbent and this can leave a barrier of wet fabric onyour skin. Drywicking is the newest variation of moisture wicking. It is a smart two-tier fabric that breaks the surface tension of sweat and propels it through the hydrophobic layer into a natural wicking outer layer like cotton where it is assisted by evaporative cooling leaving your skin absolutely dry. Besides the fact that your body can perform better, it will chemically free prevent odors because a bacteria microclimate cannot grow on dry skin. This broad category of fabrics is used to make garments like T-shirts, sports bras, running and cycling jerseys, socks, tracksuits, and polo-style shirts for any physical activity where the goal is to keep your skin as cool and dry as possible. Moisture-wicking fabrics are used to make apparel for outdoor activities such as hiking, fishing, mountain biking, snow skiing, and mountain climbing. Due to the popularity of garments made from these fabrics, more variations are being introduced to the market.

[0122] Protective wear

[0123] In some embodiments, the apparel article is a protective wear. Sportswear also includes the variety of protective gear required for contact sports such as lacrosse, boxing and ice hockey. Different types of protective equipment are needed depending on the type of sport and position. The types of gears include the following: headgear, shin pads, shoulder pads, and joint supports and protective gloves.

[0124] Headgear is required for most sports with high risk of head injuries such as American football, bobsledding and cycling. Injuries related to the head have the potential to cause serious damage to the spine and may be life-threatening. Although sports like rugby and boxing do not require participants to wear head protection, trainers or referees may choose to depending on the player's history of head related injuries. Certain positions of some sports may require different type of protections. For example, goaltenders for ice hockey wear different types of face masks compared to other positions. They also have thick gloves with arm pads and shin guards to protect them from the high impact of pucks. In baseball, catchers and batters wear headgear for protection against the high velocity pitches. Headgear of different kinds must meet the standards of protection set by various organizations. Helmets for American football must be regulated by the National Football League or the National Collegiate Athletics Association. Although new rules of safe play have been in effect, players are still in danger of brain damage due to repeated blows to the head. Football players are more likely to develop brain related disorders during or after their careers compared to other sports.

[0125] Golf Attire

[0126] Golf has a long tradition of specialized attire - attire that reflects the tradition of Scottish aristocrats taking in fresh air while walking around the golf course, swinging their golf clubs, and exercising in a refined, genteel sort of way. Golf attire though, is also being influenced by modem fabrics and trends that stress function and durability. Golfers, like athletes in other sports, are athletes first, and public figures second. Athletes in all sports are showing a preference for moisture-wicking fabrics, crisp details, and modem fashionable colors.

[0127] Snow Gear and Ski Apparel

[0128] Different types of attire are needed for extreme weather conditions like snow. Thicker coats or jackets, gloves and boots are necessities in the cold. Winter sports such as snowboarding and skiing require the riders and skiers to be properly geared in the snow. Snow jackets differ from casual coats such that they may bepacked with extra insulation and thicker coating materials. The insulation is usually made with down, which is the layer of fine feathers from geese or ducks. These feathers are naturally insulated to keep the birds warm in the harsh winter weathers. The feathers trap air inside and keep the body heat from flowing out. Down is also considered to be the highest quality of insulation for jackets. It is light and compressible. Alternative types of insulation are being invented including: synthetic microfibers and polyester-based insulation. These materials perform as well as down if not better and are becoming popular in the markets with the help of major brands using such materials for their equipment.

[0129] Winter gear must also be flexible so that it may offer a wide range of movement. An ideal jacket would have enough insulation to be warm but light, it should be made with material that are not restricting. Jackets with down will be light and warm but they tend to be more expensive. Also down jackets usually are not water-resistant. Synthetic insulated jackets, however, are water-resistant and cheaper than down but lose their insulating factors and are heavier.Anti-Leaching Under Physical Stress

[0130] In some embodiments, the fabric material disclosed herein retains the beneficial agent impregnated therein for an extended period of time while under physical stress, such as bending and stretching induced by body movement. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent retained in the fabric material allows the fabric material to maintain sufficient mechanical strength and / or structural rigidity over an extended period of time while under physical stress. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is contemplated that the beneficial agent impregnated in the fabric material in some embodiments prevents or reduces microbial attack from the surrounding environment of the fabric material. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is contemplated that the beneficial agent impregnated in the fabric material in some embodiments prevents or reduces biofilm growth on the fabric material.

[0131] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 5 uses.

[0132] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 10 uses.

[0133] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 20 uses.

[0134] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 30 uses.

[0135] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 40 uses.

[0136] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 50 uses.

[0137] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 60 uses.

[0138] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 70 uses.

[0139] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 80 uses.

[0140] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 90 uses.

[0141] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 100 uses.

[0142] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 200 uses.Anti-Leaching After Wash

[0143] In some embodiments, the fabric material disclosed herein retains the beneficial agent impregnated therein for an extended period of time while the fabric is washed repeatedly. In some embodiments, the beneficial agent retained in the fabric material allows the fabric material to maintain sufficient mechanical strength and / or structural rigidity over an extended period of time while the fabric is washed repeatedly.

[0144] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 5 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 5 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 5 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 5 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 5 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 5 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 5 washes.

[0145] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 10 washes.

[0146] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 20 washes.

[0147] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 30 washes.

[0148] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In someembodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 40 washes.

[0149] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 50 washes.

[0150] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 60 washes.

[0151] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 70 washes.

[0152] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 80 washes.

[0153] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In someembodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 90 washes.

[0154] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 100 washes.

[0155] In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 95% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes. In some embodiments, the composition retains at least 99% of the beneficial agent after 200 washes.Controlled Release

[0156] In some embodiments, the fabric material disclosed herein releases the beneficial agent impregnated therein to the surrounding environment for an extended period of time and / or in controlled manner. In some embodiments, the release of the beneficial agent in the fabric material treats or prevents diseases or conditions associated with wear, such as abrasion, allergic reaction, irritation, etc.

[0157] In some embodiments, the formulation provides release of at least one beneficial agent. In certain embodiments, diffusion of at least one beneficial agent from the formulation occurs for a time period exceeding 5 minutes, or 15 minutes, or 30 minutes, or 1 hour, or 4 hours, or 6 hours, or 12 hours, or 18 hours, or 1 day, or 2 days, or 3 days, or 4 days, or 5 days, or 6 days, or 7 days, or 10 days, or 12 days, or 14 days, or 18 days, or 21 days, or 25 days, or 30 days, or 45 days, or 2 months or 3 months or 4 months or 5 months or 6 months or 9 months or 1 year. In other embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of at least one antimicrobial agent is released from the formulation for a time period exceeding 5 minutes, or 15 minutes, or 30 minutes, or 1 hour, or 4 hours, or 6 hours, or 12 hours, or 18 hours, or 1 day, or 2 days, or 3 days, or 4 days, or 5 days, or 6 days, or 7 days, or 10 days, or 12 days, or 14 days, or 18 days, or 21 days, or 25 days, or 30 days, or 45 days, or 2 months or 3 months or 4 months or 5 months or 6 months or 9 months or 1 year.

[0158] In other embodiments, the formulation provides both an immediate release and an extended release formulation of an beneficial agent. In yet other embodiments, the formulation contains a 0.25: 1 ratio, or a 0.5: 1 ratio, or a 1: 1 ratio, or a 1:2 ratio, or a 1:3, or a 1:4 ratio, or a 1:5 ratio, or a 1:7 ratio, or a 1: 10 ratio, or a 1: 15 ratio, or a 1:20 ratio of immediate release and extended release formulations. In a further embodiment the formulation provides an immediate release of a first beneficial agent and an extended release of a secondbeneficial agent or other therapeutic agent. In yet other embodiments, the formulation provides an immediate release and extended release formulation of at least one beneficial agent, and at least one therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the formulation provides a 0.25: 1 ratio, or a 0.5: 1 ratio, or a 1: 1 ratio, or a 1:2 ratio, or a 1:3, or a 1:4 ratio, or a 1:5 ratio, or a 1:7 ratio, or a 1: 10 ratio, or a 1: 15 ratio, or a 1:20 ratio of immediate release and extended release formulations of a first beneficial agent and second therapeutic agent, respectively.

[0159] The combination of immediate release, delayed release and / or extended release beneficial agent compositions or formulations may be combined with other pharmaceutical agents, as well as the excipients, diluents, stabilizers, tonicity agents and other components disclosed herein. As such, depending upon the beneficial agent used, the thickness or viscosity desired, or the mode of delivery chosen, alternative aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein are combined with the immediate release, delayed release and / or extended release embodiments accordingly.Odor Reduction or Elimination in Fabrics

[0160] Clothing and footwear textiles are in close contact with the microorganisms of the skin and those of the environment. The clothes create a warm and often moist environment on the skin, which leads to the growth of bacteria. In some cases, these microorganisms lead to unpleasant odors, staining, fabric deterioration, and even physical irritation, such as skin allergies and skin infections. The skin consists of various niches, each with its specific bacterial community present. Very dry areas, such as the forearm, trunk, and legs, harbor only 102 bacteria per cm2, while the axillae, umbilicus, and toe web spaces contain up to 107 bacteria per cm2. The human skin contains up to 19 different phyla and even in one niche, the axillae, up to 9 different phyla are present. Skin microorganisms transfer to the clothing fibers and interact with these in several phases: adherence, growth, and damage to the fibers. Growth of bacteria is due to sweat secretions, skin desquamation, natural particles present in the clothing fibers or on the fibers itself, or nutrition from elsewhere in the environment. An important factor determining bacterium-fiber interaction is the origin and the composition of the clothing textile. A large discrepancy exists in the way bacteria adhere to natural versus synthetic fibers. It is posed that natural fibers are more easily affected by the microbiota due to the natural nutrients present in the clothing and the ability to adsorb sweat components. Cellulose fibers are degraded by a range of bacteria and fungi, possessing cellulolytic enzymes. Synthetic fibers gather moisture in the free space between the fibers but do not adsorb it on the fibers themselves. Synthetic fibers are therefore less susceptible toward bacterial breakdown, also due to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) basis of the fiber.

[0161] Axillary malodor does not only emanate from the axillary skin but also from the textiles near the axillary region, sometimes referred to as the primary odor, originating from the axilla itself, and the secondary odor, originating from clothing in contact with the axilla. The odor would then differ between the two sites. It is found that a stronger body odor is generated by wearing synthetic clothing textiles compared to natural textiles. This is held as a common belief; nevertheless, very few published data support this finding. Much research has nonetheless been conducted on controlling body odor by adding antimicrobials to textile fabrics.

[0162] Corynebacterium spp. are determined as the odor causing microorganisms in the human axilla. It is yet unclear which microorganisms are associated with the odor formation in clothing textiles. Few studies have been performed on determining the microbiota living in clothes. Therefore, this research focuses on (i) the determination of the microbial communities living in clothes, (ii) determining whether different textiles host different communities, and (iii) determining the odor profde of different used fabrics after a sport session. This study focuses primarily on cotton (natural, consisting mainly of cellulose) versus polyester (synthetic) clothing textiles. An in vivo case study is performed on 26 healthy people, wearing 100% cotton, 100% polyester, and intermediate cotton / synthetic clothing, doing a bicycle spinning session for 1 h. A period of 28 h was left between fitness and odor assessment, in order to let the bacteria grow on the textiles. A selected and trained odor panel assessed the odor of the individual T-shirts. The bacterial community is analyzed by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). An in vitro growth experiment is performed to analyze the selective enrichment of isolates on different clothing fabrics.

[0163] In some embodiments, the microorganism associated with medical device-related infections include without limitation fungi, e.g., Candida albicans and other Candida species.

[0164] In some embodiment, the various features disclosed herein act as a fully integrated antimicrobial agent on the surface and within a significant depth of the material / product, to inhibit and / or actively kill microorganisms, both initially and in a chronic fashion.

[0165] In some embodiment, the various features disclosed herein act as a material / product preservative by chronic inhibition and / or killing activity of microbial contamination when antimicrobial is delivered to the surface and to a significant depth within the material / product. The preservative effect is gained through the chronic mechanism of action against microorganisms that, without the presence of the antimicrobial, the structural integrity, and other structural characteristics such as elasticity and durability of the untreated material / product may be at great risk to lose these desirable characteristics over time due to microbial contamination;

[0166] In some embodiment, the various features disclosed herein act as a continual hygiene measure to materials and products that have no anticipated reasonable method to be cleaned during the consumer lifetime of the material or product. There are many instances where materials and products by virtue of their design are inaccessible for regular hygiene measures due to their design due to encapsulation, sewn-in design, locational inaccessibility from size restrictions, in-use inaccessibility, and other manufacturing nuances that restrict or eliminate the possibility of regular hygiene. Delivery of the antimicrobial to the surface and by means such as supercritical fluidized CO2 impregnation to a significant depth within the material and product, would render otherwise hygiene-inaccessible components to be saturated with the antimicrobial and act as a continual hygiene measure, and through chronic mechanism of action against microorganisms that may contaminate the otherwise inaccessible componentry of a material or product.Coating versus Infusing / Impregnating

[0167] Prior atempts to coat fabrics with antimicrobials or antibiofilm agents have employed complex and expensive multistep processes and / or utilized toxic solvents as a part of the process. In addition, the agents coated on the fabrics tends to fall off or leach from the fabric after repeated use, after repeated wash, or after both. The supercritical CO2 infusion / impregnation disclosed herein allows the beneficial agent to be present through the fabric, including penetrating deep inside of the surface area of the fabric materials. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, this allows the infused or impregnated fabric to have significantly improved anti-leaching performances after repeated use, after repeated wash, or after both.

[0168] In addition, the coating process often requires chemicals and conditions which are incompatible with stability of the beneficial agents and / or the fabric materials. The present disclosure recognizes the needs of a method of complete impregnation of the fabric material with intact target compound conservation. By this transformation, the fabric material becomes a significant barrier to biofilm formation throughout its matrix. In some instances, complete impregnation is essential in fabric performance, such as antimicrobial or anti-odor performance.NON-LIMITING EMBODIMENTS

[0169] The present disclosure is also described by way of the following non-limiting embodiment. However, the use of these and other embodiments anywhere in the specification is illustrative only and in no way limits the scope and meaning of the disclosure. Likewise, the disclosure is not limited to any particular preferred embodiment or aspect described herein. Indeed, modifications and variations may be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification, and such variations can be made without departing from the disclosure in spirit or in scope1. An fabric composition, optionally an apparel fabric composition, comprising: a base fabric material having a surface portion and an interior portion; and a beneficial agent incorporated throughout the base fabric material, wherein at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.2. The composition of Embodiment 1, wherein the base fabric material comprises a synthetic material, and optionally wherein the synthetic material is selected from polyester, nylon, acrylic, spandex, polyolefin, neoprene, fleece, microfiber, synthetic leather / suede, recycles thereof, or blends thereof.3. The composition of Embodiment 1-2, wherein the base fabric material comprises a natural material, and optionally wherein the natural material is selected from coton, linen, hemp, bamboo, silk, jute, ramie, coir, rayon, cellulose, recycles thereof, or blends thereof.4. The composition of Embodiment 1-3, wherein the beneficial agent comprises an antimicrobial agent.5. The composition of Embodiment 1-4, wherein the beneficial agent comprises an odor reducing agent, a performance additive, or a combination thereof.6. The composition of Embodiment 1-5, wherein the beneficial agent is a quaternary ammonium salt.7. The composition of Embodiment 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises C12 or C14 alkyl chain.The composition of Embodiment 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is not benzalkonium chloride or a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt. The composition of Embodiment 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride . The composition of Embodiment 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride . The composition of Embodiment 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is C 14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride . The composition of Embodiment 1-11, wherein the antimicrobial agents inhibits or hinders growth of odor causing bacteria. The composition of Embodiment 1-12, wherein the odor reducing agent is selected from zeolites, engineered polymers, cyclodextrines, activated carbon, silver, fragrances, or combinations thereof. The composition of Embodiment 1-13, wherein the performance additive is selected from flexibilityenhancing additives, elasticity -enhancing additive, fabric-strengthening additives, UV-protection additives, wetting agents, or combinations thereof. The composition of Embodiment 1-14, wherein the beneficial agent is heterogeneously impregnated throughout the fabric material. The composition of Embodiment 1-14, wherein the beneficial agent is homogeneously impregnated throughout the fabric material. The composition of Embodiment 1-15, wherein the at least 30% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. The composition of Embodiment 1-15, wherein the at least 50% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. The composition of Embodiment 1-15, wherein the at least 60% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. The composition of Embodiment 1-15, wherein the at least 70% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. The composition of Embodiment 1-20, wherein the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses. The composition of Embodiment 1-20, wherein the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses. The composition of Embodiment 1-20, wherein the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses. The composition of Embodiment 1-20, wherein the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses. The composition of Embodiment 1-20, wherein the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses.The composition of Embodiment 1-25, wherein the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 washes. The composition of Embodiment 1-25, wherein the composition retains at least 60% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 washes. The composition of Embodiment 1-25, wherein the composition retains at least 70% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 washes. The composition of Embodiment 1-25, wherein the composition retains at least 80% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 washes. The composition of Embodiment 1-25, wherein the composition retains at least 90% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 washes. The composition of Embodiment 1-30, wherein the composition is present in, and provides structural strength to, a fabric. The composition of Embodiment 1-31, wherein the base fabric material is selected from textile material, mesh material, a foam material, a gel material, or combinations and laminates thereof. The composition of Embodiment 1-31, wherein the base fabric material is a textile material. The composition of Embodiment 1-33, wherein the base fabric material is a mesh material. The composition of Embodiment 31 wherein the base fabric material is a foam material. The composition of Embodiment 1-35, wherein the composition is prepared by a process comprising: contacting the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) in an enclosure under an elevated pressure to allow the beneficial agent to impregnate at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material. The composition of Embodiment 36, wherein the process further comprises reducing the pressure within the enclosure after at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent. The composition of Embodiment 36-37, wherein the base fabric material and beneficial agent are placed in the enclosure before SCF-CO2 enters the enclosure. The composition of Embodiment 36-37, wherein the beneficial agent is combined with SCF-CO2 to form a mixture before the mixture contacts the base fabric material in the enclosure. The composition of Embodiment 36-39, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 6000 psi. The composition of Embodiment 36-40, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 2500 psi. The composition of Embodiment 36-40, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2500 psi. The composition of Embodiment 36-40, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2000 psi.The composition of Embodiment 36-40, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 1500 psi to about 2000 psi. The composition of Embodiment 41, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 15°C to about 60°C. The composition of Embodiment 41, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 30°C to about 55°C. The composition of Embodiment 41, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 40°C to about 50°C. The composition of Embodiment 41, wherein base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue. The composition of Embodiment 36-40, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 2500 psi to about 6000 psi. The composition of Embodiment 36-40, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 6000 psi. The composition of Embodiment 36-40, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 5000 psi. The composition of Embodiment 36-40, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 4000 psi to about 5000 psi. The composition of Embodiment 49, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 60°C to about 160°C. The composition of Embodiment 49, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 80°C to about 150°C. The composition of Embodiment 49, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 110°C to about 130°C. The composition of Embodiment 49, wherein base fabric material comprises polyester or nylon. The composition of Embodiment 36-56, wherein the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. The composition of Embodiment 36-56, wherein the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. The composition of Embodiment 36-56, wherein the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours. A method of preparing an fabric composition, comprising:(i) placing the base fabric material in an enclosure, wherein the base fabric material comprises a surface portion and an interior portion;(ii) allowing supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) to flow into the enclosure and contact the base fabric material in the presence of a beneficial agent at an elevated pressure;(iii) reducing pressure in the enclosure after at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.The method of Embodiment 60, wherein the base fabric material and beneficial agent are placed in the enclosure before SCF-CO2 enters the enclosure. The method of Embodiment 60, wherein the beneficial agent is combined with SCF-CO2 to form a mixture before the mixture contacts the base fabric material in the enclosure. The method of Embodiment 60-62, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 6000 psi. The composition of Embodiment 63, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 500 psi to about 2500 psi. The method of Embodiment 63, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2500 psi. The method of Embodiment 63, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 1000 psi to about 2000 psi. The method of Embodiment 63, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 1500 psi to about 2000 psi. The method of Embodiment 63-67, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 15°C to about60°C during the contact. The method of Embodiment 63-67, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 30°C to about 55 °C during the contact. The method of Embodiment 63-67, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 40°C to about 50°C during the contact. The method of Embodiment 64-70, wherein base fabric material comprises decellularized tissue. The method of Embodiment 63, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 2500 psi to about 6000 psi. The method position of Embodiment 63, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 6000 psi. The method of Embodiment 63 wherein the elevated pressure is from about 3000 psi to about 5000 psi. The method of Embodiment 63, wherein the elevated pressure is from about 4000 psi to about 5000 psi. The method of Embodiment 72-75, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 60°C to about 160°C during the contact. The method of Embodiment 72-75, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 80°C to about 150°C during the contact. The method of Embodiment 72-75, wherein temperature in the enclosure is from about 110°C to about 130°C during the contact. The method of Embodiment 72-77, wherein base fabric material comprises polyester or nylon. The method of Embodiment 60-79, wherein the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 1 minute to about 24 hours. The method of Embodiment 60-79, wherein the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 10 hours. The method of Embodiment 60-79, wherein the contact of the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with SCF-CO2 occurs for a period of from about 5 minutes to about 8 hours.83. The method of Embodiment 60-82, wherein the contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material occurs in the presence of the beneficial agent and a solvent.84. The method of Embodiment 83, wherein the solvent is combined with beneficial agent prior to the contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material.85. The method of Embodiment 83, wherein the solvent is combined with SCF-CO2 prior to the contact of SCF-CO2 with the base fabric material in the presence of the beneficial agent.NON-LIMITING EXAMPLES

[0170] The present invention is further explained in greater detail in the following non-limiting Examples.Example 1 - General Method of SCF-CO2 Infusion / Impregnation

[0171] While Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide (SCF-CO2) is used in this disclosure, other gases that exhibit super critical behavior can be substituted as desired. The properties of various gases to behave as liquids at certain (critical) conditions of temperature and pressure has long been characterized.

[0172] Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide (SCF-CO2) is used as an Anti-Solvent (SAS) in mass transfer action to impregnate a beneficial agent (e.g. antimicrobial agents, anti-odor agents, and performance additives) of interest into to a target substrate, such as synthetic or natural fabric, such as apparel fabric. Various forms of Super Critical Conditions (SCC) are created by proprietary methods including pre-pressure density enhancement of chosen SCF compound by "density packing" and subsequent pressurization to desired SCF conditions by thermal manipulation in a sealed chamber which contains the sample containment platform cage whereby the target substrate (implant material) is exposed to SCF-CO2. In some embodiments, ethanol can be combined with SCF-CO2 before introduction into the reaction enclosure / chamber / vessel. In some embodiments, a controlled reaction including with immersion in desired infiisate may be conducted at specific temperature, pressure, and time for required target substrate (e.g. polyester mesh) impregnation and reaction. Other sequences of extraction, dissolution, and impregnation may be conducted to meet requirements of target materials and selected infiisates.

[0173] When the infiising / impregnation process is completed, SCF release is carefully controlled to achieve desired results, either by passive expansion or pump assisted flow. Modifying agent co-solvents (ethanol, etc.) may be employed in the SAS process and variations include the modified methods of RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical solutions) and RESOLV(rapid expansion of supercritical solutions into a liquid solvent) to encompass the many varieties of target compounds of interest in relation to a wide variety of target substrates materials. Although SCF-CO2 is the principle agent of use, other acceptable SCF behavior compounds may be employed solely or as co-solvents as required to achieve useful goals.

[0174] In some embodiments, the SCF process disclosed herein impregnate the entire structure of a synthetic or natural fabric materials with the beneficial agent. The method of the invention may be carried out by first, combining the beneficial agent with the polymer and optionally an excipient(s) to form a mixture. This mixing step may be carried out by any suitable technique or in any suitable apparatus, such as an enclosure. Next, the mixture is contacted under pressure with a densified gas solvent as described above to form thecomposite material. The step of combining the mixture with the solvent can be carried out by any suitable technique or in any suitable apparatus. Figs 1-4 generally illustrate a non-limiting example of the process.

[0175] Step 1 Fabric sample is loaded into the enclosure that enables supercritical fluids to flow into and out of the enclosure with cellular material. Optionally, solid CO2 is also loaded into the enclosure.

[0176] Step 2 Supercritical CO2 is pumped / pressurized into enclosure cools down and pressure in vessel decreases then Supercritical CO2, this is repeated three times.

[0177] Step 3 The solid CO2 previously loaded in vessel sublimes further increasing vessel pressure up to 1,500 psig.

[0178] Step 4 Vessel is heated up to 40 °C to 2000C depending upon material of interest to be treated.

[0179] Step 5 Pressure increases to 2,000 psig thru 5,000 psig as heat is added.

[0180] Step 6 The sample is allowed to sit in batch mode or can be in steady-state mode where CO2, ethanol and additive (antibiotic, etc.) is injected.

[0181] Step 7 After 5 minutes up to 8 hours the vessel is then depressurized.

[0182] Step 8 The enclosure is opened and the sample removed.

[0183] Step 9 The cellular material removed is either at bottom of vessel for removal or has been flowed out of the vessel in steady-state mode.

[0184] Optional Secondary coatings. While most embodiments of the present disclosure do not involve any coating methods, the fabric composite material prepared as described above may optionally be coated (e.g., by spraying, dipping, or any suitable technique), such with the same or different beneficial agent. In some embodiments, the coating comprises an additional beneficial agent, such as an antimicrobial agent or an anti-biofilm agent.Example 2 - Infused or Impregnated Apparel Fabric

[0185] Fig. 5-8 illustrate deep penetration of an agent into a polyester mesh. In this experiment, polyester mesh material was used for study. Prior to SCF-CO2 process, the polyester mesh material was examined under microscope (Figs. 5-6). Using Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide (SCF-CO2), the active agent was infused throughout the polyester fibers, with the agent present at the surface of the fiber as well deep into the interior portion of the fiber (Fig. 7-8).Several natural and synthetic apparel fabrics are infused or impregnated with an UV-active beneficial agent, C12-alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride (EQ12), which is illustrated in Figs. 9-17. Figure 9-11 shows SCF impregnation of athletic shoe components with EQ 12. Figure 9 shows portion of insole and stitching of deconstructed shoe. Figure 10 shows Velcro closure of deconstructed shoe. Figure 11 shows topside of Velcro closure and Dacron detail of. Figure 12-14, on the other hand, shows SCF impregnation of an entire athletic shoe with EQ12 and UV visualization of EQ12 impregnation. Figure 15-17, shows SCF impregnation of a cotton fabric with EQ 12 and UV visualization of EQ 12 impregnation.Example 3 - Testing of SCF-Processed Apparel Fabric Material

[0186] The preferred testing method is associated with the International Standard organization’s (ISO) 20743 method “Textiles - Determination of Antibacterial Activity of Antibacterial Finished Products”. The study is designed to test the ability of fabrics that have been treated with antimicrobial agents to prevent microbial growth and to kill microorganisms, over 24 hours. Within the standard, there are 3 types of quantitative tests - “Absorption Method”, “Printing Method” and “Transfer Method”. The “Transfer Method” involves inoculating the surface of an agar plate and then weighing down a piece of test sample on the inoculated agar for 60 seconds after which the sample is incubated in humid conditions for 18-24 hours before determining the final concentration of viable bacteria. The “Printing Method” uses membrane filtered bacteria that are printed onto the sample before the sample is incubated in humid conditions for 1-4 hours. The “Absorption Method” is like another popular antimicrobial textile test method, AATCC 100 and is loosely the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) method and was adopted by the ISO.

[0187] The identified microorganism that is sulfur-fixing and the major culprit of many odorous shoes is Kytococcus sedentarius, a gram positive, mesophilic, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, strict aerobic bacterium that can only thrive when in the presence of amino acids (e.g., sweat, dead skin cells) and is also keen to set up biofilms when in a hospitable environment. Interestingly, it’s saprophytic origin is in marine environments.

[0188] Summary of the ISO 20743 Test Method

[0189] Step 1: K. sedentarius is prepared by growth in DSMZ medium 92 (3% trypticase soy broth, 0.3% yeast extract) at 30°C.

[0190] Step 2: The suspension of K. sedentarius is standardized by dilution in DSMZ medium. Growth of K. sedentarius is required on the control fabric for the test to be valid.

[0191] Step 3: Control and test fabrics are inoculated with a known number of K. sedentarius, in triplicate, ensuring that the bacterial inoculum is only in contact with the fabrics.

[0192] Step 4: Initial microbial concentrations are determined at “time zero” by elution then dilution and plating of control fabrics immediately after inoculation.

[0193] Step 5: Additional inoculated control and test fabrics are allowed to incubate undisturbed in sealed containers at body temperature for 18-24 hours.

[0194] Step 6: After incubation, final microbial concentrations are determined. Reduction of AT. sedentarius relative to initial concentrations and the control fabric is calculated.

[0195] Step 7: Controls are run to ensure that the neutralization / elution method effectively neutralizes the antimicrobial agent in the test fabrics.

[0196] The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting thereof.The invention is defined by the following claims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.

Claims

CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An fabric composition, optionally an apparel fabric composition, comprising: a base fabric material having a surface portion and an interior portion; and a beneficial agent incorporated throughout the base fabric material, wherein at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.2 The composition of Claim 1, wherein the base fabric material comprises a synthetic material, and optionally wherein the synthetic material is selected from polyester, nylon, acrylic, spandex, polyolefin, neoprene, fleece, microfiber, synthetic leather / suede, recycles thereof, or blends thereof.3 The composition of Claim 1, wherein the base fabric material comprises a natural material, and optionally wherein the natural material is selected from cotton, linen, hemp, bamboo, silk, jute, ramie, coir, rayon, cellulose, recycles thereof, or blends thereof.4 The composition of Claim 1, wherein the beneficial agent comprises an antimicrobial agent.5 The composition of Claim 1, wherein the beneficial agent comprises an odor reducing agent, a performance additive, or a combination thereof.6 The composition of Claim 1, wherein the beneficial agent is a quaternary ammonium salt.7 The composition of Claim 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises C12 or C14 alkyl chain.8 The composition of Claim 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is not benzalkonium chloride or a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt.9 The composition of Claim 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is C12-C14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride .10 The composition of Claim 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is Cl 2- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride .11 The composition of Claim 6, wherein the quaternary ammonium salt is C 14- alkyl(ethylbenzyl)dimethylammonium chloride .12 The composition of Claim 1, wherein the antimicrobial agents inhibits or hinders growth of odor causing bacteria.13 The composition of Claim 1, wherein the odor reducing agent is selected from zeolites, engineered polymers, cyclodextrines, activated carbon, silver, fragrances, or combinations thereof.14 The composition of Claim 1, wherein the performance additive is selected from flexibility-enhancing additives, elasticity-enhancing additive, fabric-strengthening additives, UV-protection additives, wetting agents, or combinations thereof.15 The composition of Claim 1, wherein the beneficial agent is heterogeneously impregnated throughout the fabric material.16 The composition of Claim 1, wherein the beneficial agent is homogeneously impregnated throughout the fabric material.

17. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the at least 30% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

18. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the at least 50% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

19. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the at least 60% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

20. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the at least 70% of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

21. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition retains at least 50% of the beneficial agent after 10, 30, 50, or 100 uses.

22. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition is present in, and provides structural strength to, a fabric.

23. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the base fabric material is selected from textile material, mesh material, a foam material, a gel material, or combinations and laminates thereof.

24. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the base fabric material is a textile material.

25. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the base fabric material is a mesh material.

26. The composition of Claim 1 wherein the base fabric material is a foam material.

27. The composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition is prepared by a process comprising: contacting the base fabric material and the beneficial agent with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SCF-CO2) in an enclosure under an elevated pressure to allow the beneficial agent to impregnate at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material.

28. The composition of Claim 27, wherein the process further comprises reducing the pressure within the enclosure after at least a part of the interior portion of the base fabric material is impregnated with the beneficial agent.

29. The composition of Claim 27, wherein the base fabric material and beneficial agent are placed in the enclosure before SCF-CO2 enters the enclosure.

30. The composition of Claim 27, wherein the beneficial agent is combined with SCF-CO2 to form a mixture before the mixture contacts the base fabric material in the enclosure.

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