Structure base, structure member, and structure

Abstract

Provided is a structural material that can improve the compressive rigidity, suppress the crack caused by the external force, and absorb the energy of the external force, and a structural member and a structure. A structural material (1) includes a tension member (2) that is elongate along one direction and is configured to bear a tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto, a compression part (3) that includes a plurality of block materials (5) that are arranged along the one direction of the tension member (2) and are separately disposed to face each other, the compression part (3) being configured to bear a compressive force, and a fixing part (4) that is configured to fix the tension member (2) and the compression part (3) to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member (2) is transmitted to the compression part (3). The tension member (2) is fixed to the block material (5) by the fixing part (4) so as to couple the block materials (5) to each other.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a structural material, a structural member, and a structure.[Background Art]

[0002] A wooden structure, a reinforced concrete structure, and a steel-framed reinforced concrete structure have been known as a structure such as a building and a civil engineering structure. The wooden structure has characteristics of light-weight and superior workability, but its lateral resistance of a joint part between the wooden materials in earthquake or strong wing is inferior and it is necessary to reinforce a wooden frame using a structural plywood or a brace. Each of the reinforced concrete structure and the steel-framed reinforced concrete structure has characteristics of superior earthquake resistance, fire resistance and durability, but the whole weight of the structure is heavy and thus the lateral force in earthquake is apt to be large. Accordingly, the structure is reinforced using a large amount of reinforcing bars to resist the lateral force.

[0003] Employing a CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) using a domestic material as the wooden material used in the wooden structure has been promoted from a viewpoint of achieving the carbon neutrality, an effective use of the domestic material, and a revival of forestry. However, the domestic material has much moisture than the foreign material and thus the domestic material is lack of strength. Accordingly, the domestic CLT is high in manufacturing cost and low in yield rate compared to the solid wood and the foreign CLT.

[0004] Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique using a complex beam material formed of a steel frame material and a wooden material for a wooden structure using a framework constructing method. The technique is provided for securing the strength, the stability and the durability of the wooden structure and workability using the complex beam material.[Citation List][Patent Literature]

[0005] [PTL 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-017730[Summary of Invention][Technical Problem]

[0006] In the reinforced concrete structure and the steel-framed reinforced concrete structure, an exhausting amount of the carbon dihydrate in constructing including producing concrete is large, and thus the technological innovation is required for achieving the carbon neutrality.

[0007] Also, each of the reinforced concrete structure and the steel-framed reinforced concrete structure is formed of a structural member in which the reinforcing bars and / or the steel frame is embedded in the concrete, and the elastic range of the concrete is extremely small. Thus, the structural member is deformed, which causes the stress in the inner steel material, only after the crack is caused in the concrete. Practically, the crack of the concrete is assumed and allowed in a condition of the structural calculation. In a secondary design based on the ongoing standard regarding the earthquake resistant design, the structure is designed to absorb the seismic energy not to be collapsed by the deformation caused by the large earthquake, and thus a damage of the structure to some extent is allowed. Accordingly, based on the calculation, the skeleton of the structure that has experienced the earthquake of a certain level, is necessary to be repaired.

[0008] Further, even in a case in which the skeleton of the structure is not remarkably damaged, a non-structural wall might be damaged due to the earthquake. Thus, in order to avoid the damage of the non-structural wall, a structural slit (an earthquake-resistant slit) is disposed between the skeleton and the non-structural wall. However, in a case in which the structural slit is disposed, since the slit material is installed in the concrete formwork, the slit material might be shifted or deformed due to the pressure in pouring the concrete. Accordingly, the construction failure might be caused that the structural slit is not formed at an appropriate position.

[0009] An object of the present invention is, in order to solve such problems, to provide a structural material that can improve the compressive rigidity, suppress the crack caused by the external force, and absorb the energy of the external force, and to provide a structural member and a structure.[Solution to Problem]

[0010] In order to solve the above-described problems, the structural material, the structural member, and the structure according to the present invention employ the following aspects.

[0011] The structural material according to the present invention includes a tension member, a compression part and a fixing part. The tension member is elongate along one direction and is configured to bear a tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto. The compression part includes a plurality of block materials that are arranged along the one direction of the tension member and are separately disposed to face each other. The compression part is configured to bear a compressive force. The fixing part is configured to fix the tension member and the compression part to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member is transmitted to the compression part. The tension member is fixed to the block material by the fixing part so as to couple the block materials to each other.

[0012] According to this aspect, the structural material includes the tension member, the compression part and the fixing part. The tension member bears the tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto, and the compression part bears the compressive force. The tension member is elongate along the one direction. The compression part includes a plurality of the block materials. The block materials are arranged along a longitudinal direction (one direction) of the tension member. The block materials are separately disposed to face each other. The fixing part fixes the tension member and the compression part to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member is transmitted to the compression part. The tension member is fixed to the block material by the fixing part so as to couple the block materials to each other.

[0013] Accordingly, the structure is realized that the block materials are relatively rigid parts and the gaps between the adjacent block materials are relatively non-rigid parts. Unlike the conventional reinforced concrete structure, since the block materials are separated from each other, the irreversible collapse, which is crack of the member, is not necessary to be considered as a premise. Thus, when the external force is applied, the gaps are caused between the block materials so that the tensile stress is caused in the tension member. At this time, the strain is concentrated in the tension member located in the gap between the block materials, while the tension member is fixed and anchored at both sides of the gap between the block materials. Accordingly, the tensile stress caused by the strain is applied (and dispersed) to the whole tension member around, and the dispersed stress is transmitted to the compression part via the fixing part. Accordingly, the bending stress or the shear stress caused in the compression part is reduced, and the compressive rigidity thereof is improved.

[0014] When the strain is caused in the tension member, the tension member bears the tensile force. Thus, the tension member can prevent the distance of the gap between the block materials from enlarging, and can delay the enlarging of the gap. Further, since the tension member located in the gap between the block materials bears the tensile force before the excessive tensile force is applied to the compression part, the crack of the block materials can be prevented. Thus, even in a case in which the seismic force at a certain level or more is applied, the repair of the crack is not necessary and the structure that employs the structural member can be continuously used.

[0015] Since the block materials are separately disposed to face each other, when the external force is applied, each of the block materials can move independently and thus the energy of the external force is absorbed, unlike a configuration in which the compression part is formed by a single member.

[0016] The tensile rigidity of the tension member is equivalent to the tensile rigidity of the reinforcing bar. Thus, in a case in which the compression part is concrete, the tension member covers the tensile force where the concrete cannot bear, while the concrete as the compression part covers the compressive force where the tension member cannot bear. Accordingly, the structural member can be realized that has both the elasticity and the rigidity.

[0017] In addition to the preceding invention, the tension member may include a wooden material of which fiber direction is in parallel to the one direction. The block materials may be arranged along the one direction on one surface of the wooden material.

[0018] According to this aspect, the tension member includes the wooden material that is elongate along the one direction, and the fiber direction of the wooden material is in parallel to a longitudinal direction (one direction) of the wooden material. The fiber of the wooden material is elongate along the longitudinal direction of the wooden material across one end to the other end of the tension member. The compression part includes a plurality of the block materials. The block materials are arranged along the longitudinal direction (one direction) of the wooden material on the one surface of the wooden material. Thus, the fiber direction of the wooden material of the tension member in a state in which the tension member is fixed to the compression part, is in parallel to the arranging direction of the block materials. The compression part including the block materials is integrated with the tension member including the wooden material, so that the structure is realized that the block materials are relatively rigid parts and the gaps between the adjacent block materials are relatively non-rigid parts. Thus, when the external force is applied, the strain is concentrated in the fiber of the wooden material located in the gap between the block materials, while the fiber of the wooden material is fixed and anchored at both sides of the gap between the block materials. Accordingly, the tensile stress caused by the strain is applied (and dispersed) to the whole tension member around, and the dispersed stress is transmitted to the compression part via the fixing part.

[0019] In addition or in the alternative to the preceding inventions, the tension member may be formed by a material having large strain in an elastic range compared to a steel material, or alternatively the tension member may be a steel material.

[0020] In addition or in the alternative to the preceding inventions, the tension member may be a plate-like member having a plate surface arranged along an outer surface of the block material.

[0021] In addition or in the alternative to the preceding inventions, the block material may have a hollow structure with a cubic shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The block material may include a plurality of bar-like first members that are disposed to correspond to respective sides of the cubic shape or the rectangular parallelepiped shape. And, the first members may be rigidly coupled to each other at their ends.

[0022] In addition or in the alternative to the preceding inventions, a reinforcing bar may be disposed inside the first member.

[0023] In addition or in the alternative to the preceding inventions, the tension member may be a lattice-like member formed by a plurality of bar-like second members. And, each of the second members may be arranged along the first member of the block material.

[0024] In addition or in the alternative to the preceding inventions, the tension member may be a column-like member that is arranged along an inner surface in the hollow structure of the block material.

[0025] In addition or in the alternative to the preceding inventions, the fixing part may be a rod-like anchoring member that is arranged along the one direction on one surface of the tension member. And, the anchoring member may be fixed to the block material of the compression part at one end and fixed to the tension member at the other end.

[0026] In addition or in the alternative to the preceding inventions, the fixing part may be a bonding agent disposed between the tension member and the compression part.

[0027] The structural member according to the present invention includes the above-described structural material and a plate-like member. The plate-like member is disposed between two block materials adjacent to each other, and the plate-like member has the thickness shorter than the length of the block material.

[0028] The structural member according to the present invention includes the above-described structural material. The structural member further includes a compression material that is filled in each of the block materials to bear the compressive force.

[0029] In addition or in the alternative to the preceding inventions, the structural member may further include a reinforcing bar that is disposed in the compression material along an axial direction.

[0030] The structure according to the present invention includes the above-described structural material.

[0031] The structure according to the present invention includes the above-described structural member.[Advantageous Effects of Invention]

[0032] The present invention can improve the compressive rigidity, suppress the crack caused by the external force, and absorb the energy of the external force.[Brief Description of Drawings]

[0033] [Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a structural material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the structural material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 3] Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the structural material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 4] Fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing the structural material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 5] Fig. 5 is a general view showing a structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 6] Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view showing the structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 7] Fig. 7 is an exploded side view showing a fixing part of the structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 8] Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view showing the fixing part of the structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 9] Fig. 9 is an exploded perspective view showing the structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention, and showing a state before assembling units. [Fig. 10] Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention, and showing a state after assembling the units. [Fig. 11] Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention, and showing a state after assembling the units and then disposing reinforcing bars in a block material. [Fig. 12] Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing the block material of the structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 13] Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the structural material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 14] Fig. 14 is a perspective view showing the structural material according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 15] Fig. 15 is a general view showing the structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 16] Fig. 16 is a perspective view showing the structural member according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Description of Embodiments]

[0034] A structural member 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention may be applied to, for example, a building, a civil engineering structure, or a structure such as a telegraph pole. The structural member 10 is, for example, a beam, a column, a floor slab, a foundation or a pile that forms a building. Each of Figs. 11 and 12 shows the structural members 10 formed as a beam and a column. Thus, in the following description, the structural member 10 is described as a beam or a column.

[0035] As described below, the structural member 10 includes a structural material 1. For example, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the structural material 1 includes a tension member 2, a compression part 3 having a plurality of block materials 5, and a fixing part 4.

[0036] The block materials 5, which are separated from each other, are aligned and then integrated by the tension member 2, so that the structure is realized that the block materials 5 are relatively rigid parts and the gaps between the adjacent block materials 5 are relatively non-rigid parts. Unlike the conventional reinforced concrete structure, since the block materials 5 are separated from each other, the irreversible collapse, which is crack of the member, is not necessary to be considered as a premise. Thus, when the external force is applied, the gaps are caused between the block materials 5 so that the tensile stress is caused in the tension member 2. As a result, as shown in Fig. 5, when the external force is applied, the strain is concentrated in the tension member 2 located in the gap between the block materials 5. Accordingly, the tension member 2 bears the force early and shows the tensile rigidity equivalent to the reinforcing bars, compared to the structural member of the conventional reinforced concrete (RC) structure or the conventional steel concrete (SC) structure that integrates the whole of the compression part.

[0037] The structural material 1 may be applied as a structure, namely for example, a structural member itself such as a beam, a column, a floor slab and a roof that forms a building.

[0038] Further, the structural material 1 may be disposed as the structural member 10 itself or a part of the structural member 10. For example, as shown by the structural member 10 in Fig. 6, a compression material 11 may be filled in an inner space of the block material 5 or a reinforcing bar may be also disposed together in the inner space. Further, the structural material 1 may be integrated by the compression material 11 similar to the reinforced concrete structure, so that structural material 1 is disposed as a part of the structure. Thus, the structure is integrated to be a monocoque structure, which forms the strong structural body. The compression material 11 is a structural component that bears a compressive force applied to the structural member 10. The compression material 11 is, for example, concrete, cement, grout or the like. The tensile rigidity of the compression material 11 is small enough to be ignored in structural design. The reinforcing bar 12 is a structural component that bears the tensile force applied to the structural member 10.

[0039] The tension member 2 is elongate along one direction. The tension member 2 bears the tensile force transmitted from the external force. Examples of the tension member 2 include a wooden material, a synthetic resin material, a fiber-reinforced concrete and a metallic material other than a steel material each of which has large strain in an elastic range compared to the steel material, and the steel material. In a case in which the tension member 2 is the wooden material, the tension member 2 may be formed of one kind of dense wooden material or alternatively a plurality of wooden materials such as a plywood, a laminated wood, and a CLT (Cross Laminated Timber).

[0040] The compression part 3 bears the compressive force. The compression part 3 includes a plurality of the block materials 5. Thus, the compression part 3 that bears the compressive force in the structural material 1 is formed by a plurality of the block materials. 5. The block materials 5 are arranged along a longitudinal direction (one direction) of the tension member 2 on at least one surface of the tension member 2. The block materials 5 are separately disposed to face each other. Examples of the compression part 3 include a material such as concrete and cement, having the tensile rigidity small enough to be ignored in structural design, or a material such as fiber-reinforced concrete and concrete with the reinforcing bars therein, having the tensile rigidity to some extent.

[0041] The fixing part 4 is formed to fix the tension member 2 and the compression part 3 to each other and transmit the stress caused in the tension member 2 to the compression part 3. The block materials 5 are integrated by the fixing part 4. Examples of the fixing part 4 include an anchoring member 8 (see Figs. 7 and 8) such as a nail and a bolt, and a bonding agent. Also, instead of the anchoring member 8 or the bonding agent, the fixing part 4 may be a surface portion of the tension member 2 and a surface portion of the compression part 3 (see Example 4 described below) on which the friction force is applied.

[0042] In a state in which the external force is applied, the tension member 2 remains to be fixed and anchored at both ends of the gap between the block materials 5. Thus, the tensile stress caused by the strain is applied (and dispersed) to the whole tension member 2 around, and the dispersed stress is transmitted to the compression part 3 via the fixing part 4. Accordingly, the bending stress or the shear stress caused in the compression part 3 is reduced, and the compressive rigidity thereof is improved.

[0043] When the strain is caused in the tension member 2, the tension member 2 bears the tensile force. The tensile force of the tension member 2 is a resistant force against the enlarging of the gap. Thus, the tension member 2 can prevent the distance of the gap between the block materials 5 from enlarging, and can delay the enlarging of the gap. Further, since the tension member 2 located in the gap between the block materials 5 bears the tensile force before the excessive tensile force is applied to the compression part 3, the crack of the block materials 5 can be prevented. The gap between the adjacent block materials 5 disappears after the earthquake, and the adjacent block materials 5 return to an original state where the block materials 5 are in contact with each other. Thus, even in a case in which the seismic force at a certain level more is applied, the repair of the crack is not necessary and the structure that employs the structural member 10 can be continuously used.

[0044] Since the block materials 5 are separately disposed to face each other, when the external force is applied, unlike a configuration in which the compression part is formed by a single member, each of the block materials 5 can move independently and thus the energy of the external force is absorbed thereto.

[0045] In a calculation method of the structural member 10, for example, the tensile stress caused in the tension member 2 at a tensile side of the structural member 10 when the 1% strain is caused is deemed as a yield strength of the reinforcing bar in the conventional reinforced concrete structure, and the calculation is performed based on the conventional method.

[0046] Hereinafter, one example of the strength of the tension member 2 is described. The tension member 2 employs a wooden material. The Young's Modulus of the wooden material is 7,000-12,000 N / mm 2< . The strength of the tension member 2 is defined by the tensile stress caused in the wooden material in which the 1% strain is caused.

[0047] The tensile stress is calculated by multiplying the Young's Modulus and the 1% strain, and the tensile stress is 70-120 N / mm 2< . This tensile stress is deemed as the yield strength of the reinforcing bar in the conventional reinforced concrete structure. Generally, the yield strength of the reinforcing bar is 200-400 N / mm 2< . Accordingly, the sectional area of the wooden material employed as the tension member 2 is set to three times as large as the sectional area of the reinforcing bar, and the tension member 2 is securely fixed to the block materials 5 such that the tension member 2 can secure the tensile stress, so that the tension member 2 can be realized that has the strength and the rigidity equivalent to the reinforcing bar. For example, the wooden material having the sectional area of 280 mm 2< , which is the thickness of 7 mm and the width of 40 mm, is equivalent to three reinforcing bars of D10.

[0048] The bonding force of the tension member 2 that secures the tensile stress of the wooden material, to the block materials 5 is considered in a case in which the fixing part 4 employs the bonding agent. In a case in which the bonding agent having the bonding strength of 2 N / mm 2< is employed, the bonding area of the wooden material having the sectional area of 280 mm 2< , which is the thickness of 7 mm and the width of 40 mm that secures the tensile stress equivalent to that of the three reinforcing bars of D10 is as below.

[0049] The necessary anchoring length is calculated by dividing the bonding area by the width (40 mm) of the wooden material of the tension member 2. The necessary anchoring length is 56,000 / 40 = 1,260 (mm).

[0050] As described above, the tensile rigidity of the tension member 2 is set to be equivalent to the tensile rigidity of the reinforcing bar. Thus, in a case in which the compression part 3 is concrete, the tension member 3 covers the tensile force where the concrete cannot bear, while the concrete as the compression part 3 covers the compressive force where the tension member 2 cannot bear. Accordingly, the structural member 10 can be realized that has both the elasticity and the rigidity.

[0051] The reinforcing bars may be embedded in the bar member 6, which is disposed along an orthogonal direction relative to an axial direction of the structural member 10, of the block material 5 of the compression part 3, when forming the block material 5. Further, the block material 5 may be formed of fiber-reinforced concrete having the tensile strength similar to the reinforcing bars. Thus, the compression part 3 can bear the shear force equivalent to the force that the shear reinforcing bar bears in the conventional reinforced concrete based structure. Accordingly, the structural member 10 can secure the required shear strength without additionally disposing the shear reinforcing bars (hoops and stirrups). In this case, the length of the block material 5 in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the structural member 10 is equal to the interval between the shear reinforcing bars in the conventional reinforced concrete based structure.

[0052] Examples according to the structural material 1 and the structural member 10 of the present embodiment are now described.<Example 1>

[0053] As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the tension member 2 is, for example, a plate-like member that is elongate in one direction. The tension member 2 is disposed on a surface of the compression part 3 so as to bear the tensile force in the structural material 1. The material of the tension member 2 is a wooden material, a synthetic resin material, a fiber-reinforced complex material, or a metallic material. The block materials 5 are arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tension member 2. In a case in which the tension member 2 is formed of the wooden material, a fiber direction of the wooden material is preferably arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tension member 2. The tension member 2 may also employ a material that laminates the woods such that fiber directions are orthogonal to each other, such as a CLT and a plywood.

[0054] In a case in which the structural member 10 is a column, the tension member 2 is disposed on each of four surfaces of the compression part 3 having a rectangular section. In a case in which the structural member 10 is a beam, the tension member 2 may be disposed on only a bottom surface, only a side surface, or both the bottom surface and the side surface.

[0055] The compression part 3 is formed by arranging the block materials 5 on at least one surface of the tension member 2, along the longitudinal direction of the tension member 2. The plate surface of the tension member 2 is arranged along an outer peripheral portion of the block material 5. Portions of the block materials 5 where the block materials 5 are in contact with each other may be or may not be coupled by the bonding agent as long as the gap is caused therebetween when the tensile force is applied.

[0056] The block material 5 has a hollow structure with a cubic shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape. In this case, the block material 5 includes a plurality of the bar members 6 disposed to correspond to respective sides of the cubic shape or the rectangular parallelepiped shape. The bar members 6 are rigidly coupled to each other at their ends. The bar member 6 is one example of a first member according to the present invention. Since the block material 5 has a hollow structure, the weight of the whole of the structural material 1 can be reduced and the seismic force can be reduced.

[0057] The shape of the block material 5 is not limited to the above-described shape. Thus, the present invention may be applied to a configuration in which the structural member 10 has a curved surface such as an arc surface. In such a case, the block material 5 may have a three-dimensional sectorial shape having a curved bar member. Further, Figs. 1 and 2 shows the block materials 5 aligned in one row, but the block materials 5 may be aligned in several rows parallel to each other in the structural material 1. In such a case, the tension member 2 may be disposed between the rows of the block materials 5.

[0058] In a case in which the tension member 2 and the block material 5 are bonded by the bonding agent as the fixing part 4, the surface of the block material 5 is preferably smooth together with the plate surface of the tension member 2. The block material 5 is, for example, a precast concrete material manufactured in a factory. When the block material 5 is manufactured, the smoothness of the block material 5 can be easily secured by using a steel formwork, so that extremely high size stability can be realized, which facilitates its quality management.

[0059] Examples of the block material 5 include a material (without reinforcing bar) such as concrete and cement of which tensile rigidity is small enough to be ignored in structural design, and a material having certain tensile rigidity such as fiber-reinforced concrete and concrete (including reinforcing bar) in which the reinforcing bars are disposed. Even in a case in which the block material 5 does not include the reinforcing bar, since the block material 5 is coupled to the tension member 2, the tension member 2 can bear the tensile force in the structural material 1.

[0060] As shown in Figs. 7 and 8, for example, the fixing part 4 includes a plurality of the rod-like anchoring members 8. The anchoring member 8 is, for example, a metallic member (metallic material) that is elongate in one direction. The anchoring member 8 is embedded and fixed in the compression part 3 of the block material 5 at its one end, and is fixed to the tension member 2 at the other end. The one end side of the anchoring member 8 embedded in the block material 5 preferably has a hook shape. The other end side of the anchoring member 8 fixed to the tension member 2 preferably has a shape like a fishhook with barb or a shape with convex and concave on a bar portion. Such shapes can prevent the anchoring member 8 from being pulled off from the block material 5 and the tension member 2. In a case in which a plurality of the anchoring members 8 is employed as the fixing part 4, the tension member 2 may be slightly curved because the force is easily and firmly transmitted.

[0061] The anchoring member 8 is not limited to the above-described example. A penetration nail or a bolt as the anchoring member 8 may be inserted into the tension member 2 and the compression part 3 from the outside of the tension member 2 toward the compression part 3 such that its head portion is positioned outside the tension member 2, or alternatively the penetration nail or the bolt may be employed in conjunction with the above-described anchoring member 8. Further, the anchoring member 8 and the bonding agent may be employed together in the fixing part 4.

[0062] In Example 1, an opening of the block material 5 is closed by the plate-like tension member 2. As shown in Fig. 6, the plate-like tension member 2 serves as a formwork when pouring the compression material 11 into the block material 5. In a case in which the concrete as the compression material 11 is poured to an inner side of the tension member 2, the pressure of the concrete applied to the fixing part 4 is a dispersed force, which eliminates the need for using a formwork timbering.

[0063] A finishing material such as wall paper and tile may be disposed in advance on the outermost surface of the tension member 2, so that the tension member 2 can serve as both a formwork and a finishing plate. In this case, the finishing is completed by disposing the tension member 2, which eliminates the need for a finishing process.<Example 2>

[0064] As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the tension member 2 is, for example, a lattice-like member that is elongate in one direction. The material of the tension member 2 is a wooden material, a synthetic resin material, a fiber-reinforced complex material, or a metallic material. The compression part 3 and the fixing part 4 may be similar to those in Example 1.

[0065] Similar to Example 1, the block material 5 has a hollow structure with a cubic shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape. The tension member 2 is formed by a plurality of bar members 7. The bar member 7 is one example of a second member according to the present invention. The bar member 7 is disposed along the bar member 6 of the block material 5. The bar member 7 of the tension member 2 is fixed to the bar member 6 of the block material 5 by the fixing part 4. In a case in which the bar member 7 of the tension member 2 is formed of a wooden material, a fiber direction of the wooden material is preferably arranged in parallel to a longitudinal direction of the bar member 7.

[0066] In Example 2, a plate-like member may be additionally disposed outside the tension member 2 so as to close an opening of the tension member 2 formed as a lattice-like member. As shown in Fig. 6, the plate-like member serves as a formwork when pouring the compression material 11 into the block material 5. In a case in which the concrete as the compression material 11 is poured to an inner side of the plate-like member, the pressure of the concrete applied to the fixing part 4 is a dispersed force, which eliminates the need for using a formwork timbering.

[0067] A finishing material such as wall paper and tile may be disposed in advance on the outermost surface of the plate-like member, so that the plate-like member can serve as both a formwork and a finishing plate. In this case, the finishing is completed by disposing the plate-like member, which eliminates the need for a finishing process.<Example 3>

[0068] As shown in Figs. 9 to 11, the structural material 1 is formed as a single unit formed in advance by integrating the compression part 3 having a plurality of the block material 5, and the tension member 2 disposed in the block material 5. The structural member 10 having any shape is formed by continuously coupling the structural materials 1 in a three-dimensional manner.

[0069] In a case in which the reinforcing bar (not shown) is disposed in an orthogonal direction relative to the axial direction of the structural member 1 in the bar member 6 of the block material 5 such as concrete or the like, the bar member 6 of the block material 5 in the structural material 1 corresponds to the hoop or stirrup in the conventional reinforced concrete structure. In this case, it is not necessary to separately dispose the hoop or stirrup in the hollow part of the block material 5 in the construction site.

[0070] A reinforcing bar 12 that corresponds to the main reinforcing bar in the reinforced concrete structure is separately disposed in the hollow part of the block material 5 and as shown in Fig. 5, the concrete as the compression material 11 may be further poured therein. The tension member 2 bears the tensile force and the compression part 3 bears the compressive force, so that the strength of the structure can be improved compared to the conventional reinforced concrete structure.

[0071] In a case in which the reinforcing bars 12 are disposed in the hollow part of the block material 5, as shown in Figs. 9 to 11, the structural material 1 employs the lattice-like tension member 2, which facilitates the inspection of the main reinforcing bar and the concrete cover thickness assembled in the construction site.

[0072] The block material 5 is, for example, a precast concrete material manufactured in a factory. The structural material 1 is formed by disposing the tension member 2 on the surface of the block material 5. The structural material 1 is formed in a shape of a column, a beam or a wall in the factory, and then conveyed to the construction site.

[0073] In the construction site, the structural materials 1 are coupled to each other. For example, as shown in Fig. 12, in a joint part of the column and the beam, a structural material 1A at an end of the column, a structural material 1B at an end of the beam and a structural material 1C at an intersection part between the beams are coupled and integrated to each other. Examples of a coupling aspect for integrating the structural materials 1 to each other include bonding using a bonding agent, winding of a belt-like high strength fiber, and winding of a plate-like steel. Thus, high strength of the joint part can be realized compared to that of the conventional wooded structure, and its earthquake resistant performance can be improved.

[0074] The structural material 1 may have a plate-like member disposed in advance to close the openings of the block material 5 and the tension member 2 before conveying the structural material 1. In a case in which the plate-like member cannot be disposed in advance, the plate-like member is disposed to close the openings of the block material 5 and the tension member 2 after coupling the structural materials 1 in the construction site.

[0075] In the coupling part between the structural materials 1, the portions of the tension members 2 of the structural materials 1 that are in contact with each other may be further integrated using a tenon, a bonding agent or a metallic material. Thus, the strength of coupling part can be further improved. In a case in which the structural materials 1 are combined like the wooden structure, the construction of the structure can be completed in a short term similar to the wooden structure.

[0076] As shown in Fig. 13, the structural material 1C at the intersection part between the beams may be coupled to the structural material 1A at the end of the column or the structural material 1B at the end of the beam by coupling the structural materials 1 using a wooden frame 9. Thus, the wooden frame 9 imparts the flexibility to the joint part, so that the structural member 10 can be deformed smoothly to absorb the energy that is input into the coupling part.

[0077] In a case in which the structural material 1 is combined with the reinforced concrete, the reinforcing bars are disposed in the block material 5 and then the concrete is poured in the block material 5. Thus, the structural member 10 can be integrated firmly similar to the conventional reinforced concrete structure. In this case, it should be paid attention to that the concrete does not invade the gap between the block materials 5 adjacent to each other. The reinforcing bars are disposed in the whole structural member 10, so that the tensile strength of the structural member 10 can be improved. Further, the strength of the reinforcing bars can be reduced compared to the reinforced concrete structure, which makes the lifetime of the structure longer.

[0078] Since the weight of the whole structure is reduced compared to the reinforced concrete structure, the lateral strength for resisting the earthquake can be also reduced, and thus the construction cost and the environmental load can be reduced.<Example 4>

[0079] As shown in Figs. 14 to 16, the tension member 2 is, for example, a column member that is elongate in one direction, having a rectangular section. The tension member 2 is disposed in the block material 5 forming the compression part 3 so as to bear the tensile force in the structural material 1.

[0080] The material of the tension member 2 is a wooden material, a synthetic resin material, a fiber-reinforced complex material, or a metallic material. The block materials 5 are arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tension member 2. In a case in which the tension member 2 is formed of the wooden material, a fiber direction of the wooden material is preferably arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tension member 2. The tension member 2 may also employ a material that laminates the woods such that the fiber directions are orthogonal to each other, such as a CLT and a plywood.

[0081] The compression part 3 is formed by arranging the block materials 5 on an outer periphery of the tension member 2, along the longitudinal direction of the tension member 2. An outer peripheral surface of the tension member 2 is arranged to be in contact with an inner surface of the block material 5. Similar to Example 1, the block material 5 has a hollow structure with a cubic shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape.

[0082] Since the outer peripheral surface of the tension member 2 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the block material 5, the fixing part 4 corresponds to a surface portion of the tension member 2 and a surface portion of the compression part 3 on which the friction force is applied between the tension member 2 and the compression part 3. The fixing part 4 may additionally employ a bonding agent.

[0083] The outer peripheral surface of the tension member 2 preferably has a size that conforms to the inner surface of the block material 5 so as to cause the tension member 2 and the block material 5 to adhere to each other.

[0084] The block materials 5, which are separated from each other, are aligned and then integrated by the tension member 2, so that the structure is realized that the block materials 5 are relatively rigid parts and the gaps between the adjacent block materials 5 are relatively non-rigid parts. As a result, as shown in Fig. 15, when the external force is applied, the strain is concentrated in the tension member 2 located in the gap between the block materials 5. Accordingly, the tension member 2 bears the force early and shows the tensile rigidity equivalent to the reinforcing bars, compared to the structural member of the conventional reinforced concrete (RC) structure or the conventional steel concrete (SC) structure that integrates the whole of the compression part.

[0085] Conventionally in a wooden structure having columns and beams that are formed only by the wooden material, since an elastic range of the wooden material is large, the section of the beam or the column is necessary to be large to control its deflection. In this Example, since the block materials 5 are integrated with the wooden material as the tension member 2, the compressive force of the beam or the column is enhanced. Thus, the deflection can be reduced without enlarging the section of the beam or the column.

[0086] As shown in Fig. 16, in the joint part of the column and the beam, the block materials 5 may be integrated in a three-dimensional manner. In the joint part, the block materials 5 are coupled such that each block material 5 protrudes and opens toward the column or the beam. Each of the tension member 2 for the beam and the tension member 2 for the column is inserted into the block material 5 in the joint part. The block materials 5 are sequentially fitted onto the outer periphery of each of the tension members 2 for the beam and the column and aligned along the axial direction thereof.

[0087] When the external force is applied to the structural member 10, the force caused by pulling off or deforming of the beam and the column is applied to the joint part of the beam and the column. Since the block materials 5 used in the joint part are integrated in a three-dimensional manner, the force caused by pulling off or deforming of the beam and the column is transmitted to the block material 5, the fixing part 4 and the tension member 2 as a whole. The metallic material or the tenon used in the joint part of the conventional wooden structure couples the beam and the column by resisting on one or two surfaces. Against this, the block materials 5, which are integrated in a three-dimensional manner, couple the beam and the column such that each block material 5 that protrudes toward the beam or the column resists against the tension member 2 of the beam or the column on four surfaces thereof. Thus, the rigidity of the joint part of the beam and the column can be improved and the local failure of the joint part can be prevented, compared to the conventional wooden structure.

[0088] As described above, according to the present embodiment, the tension member 2 and the compression part 3 are integrated, so that the elastic force or the tensile force that the tension member 2 such as a wooded material bears is transmitted to the compression part 3 such as concrete, and thus a structural component can be realized as a whole that is rigid like concrete and is elastic like wooden material.

[0089] In the present embodiment, since the block materials 5 are separately disposed to face each other, the crack of the concrete is not necessary to be considered as a premise, and thus the structural member is realized as an elastic body, which can be continuously used even after the earthquake.

[0090] The block material 5 of the compression part 3 has a hollow structure, and in a case in which the block material 5 employs light-weight fiber-reinforced concrete or light-weight non-shrink mortar, the specific gravity of the part of concrete can be set to approximately 0.3-1.5, and thus the block material 5 can be also set to the weight similar to that of the conventional laminated wood or CLT.

[0091] In a case in which the tension member 2 employs the wooden material, unlike the conventional wooden structure, the sectional area of the wooden material can be reduced by integrating the tension member 2 with the compression part 3. When the wooden material as the tension member 2 is produced, the smoothness of the bonding surface directly affects the quality of the conventional laminated wood or CLT, but in the present embodiment, it should be only paid attention to the smoothness of the wooden material of the surfaces where the tension member 2 and the compression part 3 are in contact. Accordingly, the part of the wooden material effectively used can be increased, and the yield rate of the raw wooden material can be improved.

[0092] In a case in which the fixing part 4 employs the bonding agent, since the block material 5 has an opening and the bonding agent is only applied to the bar-like part, the bonding area can be largely reduced.

[0093] Further, unlike the conventional laminated wood or CLT, the present embodiment can eliminate the need for the laminating process or the pressurizing process for bonding the wooden materials using the bonding agent, which facilitates the manufacturing thereof. In the manufacturing process of the tension member 2, the manufacturing expertise or the manufacturing device for the conventional laminated wood or CLT can be used, which eliminates the need for the investment to new equipment.[Reference Signs List]

[0094] 1structural material 2tension member 3compression part 4fixing part 5block material 6bar member 7bar member 8anchoring member 9wooden frame 10structural member 11compression material 12reinforcing bar

Claims

1. A structural material comprising: a tension member that is elongate along one direction and is configured to bear a tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto; a compression part that includes a plurality of block materials that are arranged along the one direction of the tension member and are separately disposed to face each other, the compression part being configured to bear a compressive force; and a fixing part that is configured to fix the tension member and the compression part to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member is transmitted to the compression part, wherein: the tension member is fixed to the block material by the fixing part so as to couple the block materials to each other, the tension member includes a wooden material of which fiber direction is in parallel to the one direction, and the block materials are arranged along the one direction on one surface of the wooden material.

2. A structural material comprising: a tension member that is elongate along one direction and is configured to bear a tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto; a compression part that includes a plurality of block materials that are arranged along the one direction of the tension member and are separately disposed to face each other, the compression part being configured to bear a compressive force; and a fixing part that is configured to fix the tension member and the compression part to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member is transmitted to the compression part, wherein: the tension member is fixed to the block material by the fixing part so as to couple the block materials to each other, and the tension member is formed by a material having large strain in an elastic range compared to a steel material.

3. The structural material as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein the tension member is a plate-like member having a plate surface arranged along an outer surface of the block material.

4. The structural material as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the block material has a hollow structure with a cubic shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape, the block material includes a plurality of bar-like first members that are disposed to correspond to respective sides of the cubic shape or the rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the first members are rigidly coupled to each other at their ends.

5. A structural material comprising: a tension member that is elongate along one direction and is configured to bear a tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto; a compression part that includes a plurality of block materials that are arranged along the one direction of the tension member and are separately disposed to face each other, the compression part being configured to bear a compressive force; and a fixing part that is configured to fix the tension member and the compression part to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member is transmitted to the compression part, wherein: the tension member is fixed to the block material by the fixing part so as to couple the block materials to each other, the block material has a hollow structure with a cubic shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape, the block material includes a plurality of bar-like first members that are disposed to correspond to respective sides of the cubic shape or the rectangular parallelepiped shape, the first members are rigidly coupled to each other at their ends, and a reinforcing bar is disposed inside the first member.

6. A structural material comprising: a tension member that is elongate along one direction and is configured to bear a tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto; a compression part that includes a plurality of block materials that are arranged along the one direction of the tension member and are separately disposed to face each other, the compression part being configured to bear a compressive force; and a fixing part that is configured to fix the tension member and the compression part to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member is transmitted to the compression part, wherein: the tension member is fixed to the block material by the fixing part so as to couple the block materials to each other, the block material has a hollow structure with a cubic shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape, the block material includes a plurality of bar-like first members that are disposed to correspond to respective sides of the cubic shape or the rectangular parallelepiped shape, the first members are rigidly coupled to each other at their ends, the tension member is a lattice-like member formed by a plurality of bar-like second members, and each of the second members is arranged along the first member of the block material.

7. A structural material comprising: a tension member that is elongate along one direction and is configured to bear a tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto; a compression part that includes a plurality of block materials that are arranged along the one direction of the tension member and are separately disposed to face each other, the compression part being configured to bear a compressive force; and a fixing part that is configured to fix the tension member and the compression part to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member is transmitted to the compression part, wherein: the tension member is fixed to the block material by the fixing part so as to couple the block materials to each other, the block material has a hollow structure with a cubic shape or a rectangular parallelepiped shape, the block material includes a plurality of bar-like first members that are disposed to correspond to respective sides of the cubic shape or the rectangular parallelepiped shape, the first members are rigidly coupled to each other at their ends, and the tension member is a column-like member that is arranged along an inner surface in the hollow structure of the block material.

8. A structural material comprising: a tension member that is elongate along one direction and is configured to bear a tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto; a compression part that includes a plurality of block materials that are arranged along the one direction of the tension member and are separately disposed to face each other, the compression part being configured to bear a compressive force; and a fixing part that is configured to fix the tension member and the compression part to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member is transmitted to the compression part, wherein: the tension member is fixed to the block material by the fixing part so as to couple the block materials to each other, the fixing part is a rod-like anchoring member that is arranged along the one direction on one surface of the tension member, and the anchoring member is fixed to the block material of the compression part at one end and fixed to the tension member at the other end.

9. The structural material as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixing part is a bonding agent disposed between the tension member and the compression part.

10. A structural member comprising a structural material and a plate-like member, wherein: the structural material comprising: a tension member that is elongate along one direction and is configured to bear a tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto, a compression part that includes a plurality of block materials that are arranged along the one direction of the tension member and are separately disposed to face each other, the compression part being configured to bear a compressive force, and a fixing part that is configured to fix the tension member and the compression part to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member is transmitted to the compression part, wherein: the tension member is fixed to the block material by the fixing part so as to couple the block materials to each other, the plate-like member is disposed between two block materials adjacent to each other, and the plate-like member has the thickness shorter than the length of the block material.

11. A structural member comprising a structural material and a compression material, wherein: the structural material comprising: a tension member that is elongate along one direction and is configured to bear a tensile force when the external force is transmitted thereto, a compression part that includes a plurality of block materials that are arranged along the one direction of the tension member and are separately disposed to face each other, the compression part being configured to bear a compressive force, and a fixing part that is configured to fix the tension member and the compression part to each other such that the stress caused in the tension member is transmitted to the compression part, and wherein: the tension member is fixed to the block material by the fixing part so as to couple the block materials to each other, and the compression material is filled in each of the block materials to bear the compressive force.

12. The structural member as defined in claim 11, further comprising a reinforcing bar that is disposed in the compression material along an axial direction.

13. A structure comprising the structural material as defined in any one of claims 1, 2 and 5 to 8.

14. A structure comprising the structural member as defined in any one of claims 10 to 12.

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