Stator of an electric machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator of an electric machine (2), comprising a laminated core (3) which comprises core laminations (8) and on which stator teeth (4) and stator grooves (5) lying between the stator teeth (4) are formed, said laminated core extending about a stator axis (7), and comprising a stator winding (6) which runs in the stator grooves (5). At least one set (13) of three first stator partial cores (3.1) which are turned in opposite directions are provided in the laminated core (3) in order to clamp the stator winding (6) at clamping points (10) of the stator grooves (5), wherein two of the first stator partial cores (3.1) of each set (13) are turned in one circumferential direction, and the remaining first stator partial cores (3.1) of the set (13) are turned in the opposite direction about the stator axis (7). Protective sleeves (11) are provided in the stator grooves (5) of the laminated core (3) in the region of the turned first stator partial cores (3.1), said protective sleeves protecting the stator winding (6) from being damaged by the turned first stator partial cores (3.1) and in particular being electrically insulated. The invention is characterized in that at least one of the protective sleeves (11) has at least one collar (12) which is angled relative to a groove section (11.1) of the protective sleeve (11) and which is provided for axially supporting against one of the stator teeth (4) of one of the first stator partial cores (3.1).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] title

[0003] Stator of an electrical machine

[0004] State of the art

[0005] The invention is based on a stator of an electrical machine according to the preamble of the main claim.

[0006] A stator of an electrical machine is already known from DE102021204202 A1, with a stator core comprising laminations, on which stator teeth and stator slots located between the stator teeth are formed and which extends around a stator axis, and with a stator winding running in the stator slots, wherein at least one set of three oppositely rotated first stator sub-packets is provided in the stator core for clamping the stator winding at clamping points of the stator slots, wherein two of the first stator sub-packets of the respective set are rotated in one circumferential direction and the remaining first stator sub-packet of the set are rotated in the opposite direction around the stator axis, wherein protective sleeves are provided in the stator slots of the stator core in the region of the rotated first stator sub-packets, which protective sleeves protect the stator winding from damage caused by the rotated first stator sub-packets.

[0007] Advantages of the invention

[0008] The stator of the electric machine according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the assembly of the protective sleeves is simplified in that the protective sleeves can be inserted into the stator slots of a stator subpackage or a set of stator subpackages and, upon insertion, are brought into a defined axial position and held there. This is achieved according to the invention in that at least one of the protective sleeves has at least one collar, which is provided for axial support on one of the stator teeth of one of the first stator subpackages and is angled relative to a slot section of the protective sleeve.

[0009] Since the protective sleeves are securely fixed in the stator package in the axial direction, the conductors or conductor bundles of the stator winding can be inserted into the protective sleeves and pushed through with a small clearance fit or with a press fit, so that a high slot fill factor can be achieved in the stator slots.

[0010] The measures listed in the subclaims enable advantageous further developments and improvements of the stator of the electrical machine specified in the main claim.

[0011] According to an advantageous embodiment, the collar of the respective protective sleeve is formed on at least one flank side facing a tooth flank of the respective stator slot and / or on a narrow side connecting the flank sides. The collar of the respective protective sleeve can also be an annular, circumferential collar.

[0012] It is particularly advantageous if the respective first stator subpackage comprises at least one end plate on at least one of the two end faces, the groove contours of which are set back relative to the remaining plates to form a space for accommodating the collar of the respective protective sleeve. Alternatively or additionally, the collar of the respective protective sleeve can be clamped between the plates of the stator pack. In this way, the protective sleeve is reliably fixed to the stator pack via the collar.

[0013] It is further advantageous if the collars of several, in particular all, protective sleeves of one of the first stator subpackages or of a set of first stator subpackages are integrally connected to form a protective sleeve unit, wherein the protective sleeve unit has a laminar section for connecting the protective sleeves, wherein the laminar section of the protective sleeve unit is formed in a plane between two laminations of the stator pack. This simplifies the assembly of the protective sleeves because fewer parts need to be mounted on the stator pack.

[0014] It is very advantageous if the respective protective sleeve extends in the axial direction according to a first variant only in one of the first stator sub-packages of the respective set or according to a second variant in all first stator sub-packages of the set. The protective sleeves according to the first variant do not have to be deformed when the first stator sub-packages are rotated. The protective sleeves according to the second variant must be able to absorb deformation when the first stator sub-packages are rotated, but have the advantage that fewer parts have to be mounted on the stator pack. Furthermore, in the variant with recessed slot contours in the end plates, less iron has to be omitted at the end plates of the first stator sub-packages.

[0015] It is also advantageous if the protective sleeves are designed to be closed in the circumferential direction or with interrupted slots, with the slots being provided particularly on the axial edges of the protective sleeves. Closed protective sleeves have the advantage of being very dimensionally stable and easy to install. Slotted protective sleeves have the advantage that the conductor bundles of the stator winding can be more easily inserted into or pushed through the protective sleeves, especially if the protective sleeves are manufactured with draft angles.

[0016] According to an advantageous embodiment, the groove section of the protective sleeves can be designed according to the shape of the stator grooves, in particular trapezoidal, rectangular, sleeve-shaped, partially trapezoidal, partially rectangular or U-shaped in cross section.

[0017] It is also advantageous if the material of the respective protective sleeve is a plastic, in particular an elastomer or thermoplastic elastomer, or a ceramic. In this way, the tooth flanks of the twisted first stator sub-packets are covered with an electrically insulating material. The clamping forces are exerted on the stator winding via the protective sleeves. Using an elastic plastic for the protective sleeves prevents the conductors of the stator winding from being damaged at the clamping points by the clamping forces resulting from the twisting of the first stator sub-packets.

[0018] It is also advantageous if a cooling medium, in particular oil, can flow through the stator slots along a cooling path, with bypasses being provided on the protective sleeves to bypass the pinching points, in particular on one of the inner narrow sides of the protective sleeves, especially on an inner narrow side facing or away from the stator yoke. In this way, the cooling medium can be guided past the pinching points with minimal pressure loss.It is advantageous if the stator teeth are connected to one another via an annular stator yoke and each have a tooth end facing away from the stator yoke, which end is designed in particular as a tooth tip, wherein the stator slots have slot slots formed between the respective tooth ends, wherein a radially projecting web section is formed on a narrow side of the respective protective sleeve facing away from the stator yoke, which web section reaches into the respective useful slot and extends in the axial direction. In this way, a meandering flow guidance in the slot gap channels of the stator slots can be achieved. The web section locally closes the slot slot in the region of a clamping point, so that the flow must flow past the respective clamping point via a bypass in the slot base. This achieves better and / or more even cooling of the conductors of the stator winding.

[0019] It is further advantageous if at least one second stator sub-packet is provided in the stator core, which is arranged between first stator sub-packets of a set of first stator sub-packets and / or between two sets of first stator sub-packets and is oriented in the circumferential direction such that the conductors of the stator winding in each stator slot of the second stator sub-packet run along the stator slot at a distance from the two tooth flanks of the stator slot, thereby forming slot gap channels in the stator slots. In this way, the cooling medium can be guided through the stator slots with low pressure loss.

[0020] To seal the slot, a stator sleeve can be provided on the inner diameter of the stator core.

[0021] The invention further relates to an electrical machine with a stator according to the invention.

[0022] drawing

[0023] Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in simplified form in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description. They show:

[0024] Fig.1 is a sectional view of an electrical machine with a stator and a rotor,

[0025] Fig. 2 shows a partial view of a stator according to Fig. 1 with several twisted first stator sub-packets, in whose stator slots protective sleeves according to the invention are provided according to a first embodiment, Fig. 3 shows a single first stator sub-packet according to Fig. 2 with protective sleeves according to the invention according to a first embodiment,

[0026] Fig. 4 is a partial view of a stator according to Fig. 1 with several still untwisted first stator sub-packets, in whose stator slots protective sleeves according to the invention are provided according to a second embodiment,

[0027] Fig.5 shows a first variant of a protective sleeve according to the invention according to Fig.2 to Fig.4,

[0028] Fig.6 shows a second variant of a protective sleeve according to the invention according to Fig.2 to Fig.4 and

[0029] Fig.7 another view of the protective sleeve according to Fig.5.

[0030] Description of the embodiments

[0031] Fig.1 shows a sectional view of an electrical machine with a stator and a rotor.

[0032] The stator 1 of an electrical machine 2 according to the invention comprises a stator core 3, on which stator teeth 4 and stator slots 5 located between the stator teeth 4 are formed, and which extends around a stator axis 7. The stator 1 also comprises a stator winding 6 running in the stator slots 5. The stator core 3 is formed from a stack of laminations 8, in particular sheet metal laminations.

[0033] The stator teeth 4 are connected to one another via an annular stator yoke 9. The stator slots 5 each have a slot base 5g facing the stator yoke 9 and a slot 5s facing away from the slot base 5g and formed between tooth ends 4e. A single conductor 15 or a conductor bundle 29 comprising several conductors 15, in particular a stack of flat wire conductors, is provided in each of the stator slots 5 to form the electrical stator winding 6.

[0034] The electric machine 2 additionally has a rotor 26 rotatable about the stator axis 7 and a housing 27. An air gap 28 is formed between the stator 1 and the rotor 26.

[0035] For example, at least one supply path 30 can be formed in the stator core 3, which is provided for supplying the cooling medium to the cooling paths 17 and opens into the stator slots 5 via a respective slot inlet 5i. In the respective stator slot 5, for example, two cooling paths 17 running in opposite directions and in particular meandering are provided, starting from the respective slot inlet 5i, which exit as a free jet at the ends of the respective stator slot 5 via a slot outlet 5a.

[0036] Alternatively, the two winding heads of the stator winding 6 can each be arranged in a winding head cooling chamber 31 of the housing 27 which is closed off along the dashed lines, wherein the two winding head cooling chambers 31 are fluidly connected to one another by means of the cooling paths 15 leading through the stator slots 6 and in particular are meander-shaped.

[0037] Fig.2 shows a partial view of a stator according to Fig.1 with several twisted first stator sub-packets, in whose stator slots protective sleeves according to the invention are provided according to a first embodiment.

[0038] The stator core 3 contains at least one set 13 of three first stator sub-packages 3.1, which are rotated in opposite directions about the stator axis 7, for clamping the stator winding 6 at clamping points 10 of the stator slots 5. Two of the first stator sub-packages 3.1 of the respective set 13 are rotated in one circumferential direction by a rotation angle t|), and the remaining first stator sub-package 3.1 of the set 13 is rotated in the opposite direction by the rotation angle t|) about the stator axis 7. The laminations 8 of the respective first stator sub-package 3.1 are firmly connected to one another, in particular by adhesive bonding, stamping, welding, or baking.

[0039] With a set 13 of first stator sub-packages 3.1, an axial support bearing area 14 can be formed in the stator pack 3. In each support bearing area 14 of the stator pack 3, the stator winding 6 is clamped locally at the clamping points 10 in all stator slots 5. The respective clamping point 10 is an axial area in the respective stator slot 5. According to the exemplary embodiment, several, for example two, three, or four, support bearing areas 14 are provided in the stator pack 3, which are spaced apart from one another, for example, in the axial direction.

[0040] In the stator slots 5 of the stator package 3, in the area of ​​the twisted first stator sub-packages 3.1, protective sleeves 11 are provided which protect the stator winding 6 from damage caused by the twisted first stator sub-packages 3.1 and which are designed in particular to be electrically insulating.

[0041] According to the invention, at least one of the protective sleeves 11 has at least one collar 12 that is angled relative to a groove section 11.1 of the protective sleeve 11. The collar 12 supports the protective sleeve 11 in the axial direction relative to the stator axis 7 on one of the stator teeth 4 of one of the first stator subpackages 3.1 and thereby determines the axial position of the protective sleeve 11 in the respective stator groove 5.

[0042] According to Fig.2 and Fig.4, at least one second stator sub-package 3.2 can be provided in the stator core 3, which is arranged between first stator sub-packages 3.1 of a set 13 of first stator sub-packages 3.1 and / or between two sets 13 of first stator sub-packages 3.1 and is aligned in the circumferential direction such that the conductors 15 of the stator winding 6 in each stator slot 5 of the second stator sub-package 3.2 run along the respective stator slot 5 at a distance from the two tooth flanks 4f of the stator slot 5, whereby slot gap channels 23 are formed in the stator slots 5. The laminations 8 of the respective second stator sub-package 3.2 are, for example, firmly connected to one another, in particular glued, stamped, welded or baked.

[0043] A cooling medium, in particular oil, can flow through the stator slots 5, each along a particularly meandering cooling path 17. Bypasses 24 can be provided on the protective sleeves 11 to bypass the clamping points 10, in particular as a depression or recess on one of the inner narrow sides 22, especially on an inner narrow side 22 facing or facing away from the stator yoke 9. A stator sleeve 25 can be provided on the inner diameter of the stator core 3 to seal the slot slots 5s.

[0044] Fig.3 shows a single first stator subpackage according to Fig.2 with protective sleeves according to the invention according to a first embodiment.

[0045] According to the first embodiment, the respective protective sleeve 11 extends in the axial direction only in one of the first stator sub-packages 3.1 of a set 13.

[0046] The collar 12 of the respective protective sleeve 11 is formed on at least one flank side 21 facing a tooth flank 4f of the respective stator slot 5 and / or on a narrow side 22 connecting the flank sides 21.

[0047] According to Fig.2 and Fig.3, the respective first stator sub-package 3.1 can have at least one end lamination 8e on at least one of the two end faces, the groove contours of which are set back with respect to the remaining laminations 8 in order to form a construction space for receiving the collar 12 of the respective protective sleeve 11. In addition, the collar 12 of the respective protective sleeve 11 can be clamped in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis 7 between laminations 8 of the stator pack 3.

[0048] Fig.4 shows a partial view of a stator according to Fig.1 with several still untwisted first stator sub-packets, in whose stator slots protective sleeves according to the invention are provided according to a second embodiment.

[0049] According to the second embodiment, the respective protective sleeve 11 extends in all first stator sub-packages 3.1 of the set 13, i.e. starting from collar 12 in the respective stator slot 5 over all first stator sub-packages 3.1 of the set 13.

[0050] According to a second exemplary embodiment, the collars 12 of several, in particular all, protective sleeves 11 of one of the first stator sub-packets 3.1 or of a set 13 of first stator sub-packets 3.1 can be connected in one piece to form a protective sleeve unit 16. The protective sleeve unit 16 has a lamination section 16.1 for connecting the protective sleeves 11. The lamination section 16.1 of the protective sleeve unit 16 is arranged in a plane between two laminations 8 of the stator pack 3. The protective sleeves 11 can be closed in the circumferential direction according to Fig. 5 or interrupted with slit(s) 18 according to Fig. 6. According to Fig. 6, for example, slits 18 are provided on edges 19 of the protective sleeves 11 running in the axial direction.

[0051] The groove section 11.1 of the protective sleeves 11 is designed, for example, according to the shape of the stator slots 5. Thus, the groove section 11.1 of the protective sleeves 11 can be trapezoidal, rectangular, sleeve-shaped, partially trapezoidal, partially rectangular, or U-shaped in cross-section.

[0052] The protective sleeves 11 can be made of plastic, in particular an elastomer or a thermoplastic elastomer, or of ceramic.

[0053] Fig.7 shows a further view of the protective sleeve according to Fig.5. The protective sleeves 11 can have a radially projecting web section 20 on a narrow side 22 facing away from the stator yoke 9, which extends into the respective useful slot 5s and extends in the axial direction.

Claims

Claims 1 . Stator of an electrical machine (2) with a stator core (3) comprising laminations (8), on which stator teeth (4) and stator slots (5) located between the stator teeth (4) are formed and which extends around a stator axis (7), and with a stator winding (6) running in the stator slots (5), wherein in the stator core (3) at least one set (13) of three oppositely rotated first stator sub-packets (3.1) is provided for clamping the stator winding (6) at clamping points (10) of the stator slots (5), wherein two of the first stator sub-packets (3.1) of the respective set (13) are rotated in one circumferential direction and the remaining first stator sub-packet (3.1) of the set (13) are rotated in the opposite direction around the stator axis (7), wherein in the stator slots (5) of the stator core (3) in the region of the rotated first Stator sub-packages (3.1) Protective sleeves (11) are provided which protect the stator winding (6) from damage by the twisted first stator sub-packets (3.1) and are in particular electrically insulating, characterized in that at least one of the protective sleeves (11) has at least one collar (12) which is angled relative to a groove section (11.1) of the protective sleeve (11) and is provided for axial support on one of the stator teeth (4) of one of the first stator sub-packets (3.1).

2. Stator according to claim 1, characterized in that the collar (12) of the respective protective sleeve (11) is formed on at least one flank side (21) facing a tooth flank (4f) of the respective stator groove (5) and / or on a narrow side (22) connecting the flank sides (21).

3. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective first stator sub-package (3.1) comprises at least one end lamination (8e) on at least one of the two end faces, the groove contours of which are set back with respect to the remaining laminations (8) to form a construction space for receiving the collar (12) of the respective protective sleeve (11), and / or that the collar (12) of the respective protective sleeve (11) is clamped between laminations (8) of the stator pack (3).

4. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the collars (12) of several, in particular all, protective sleeves (11) of one of the first stator sub-packets (3.1) or of a set (13) of first stator sub-packets (3.1) are connected in one piece to form a protective sleeve unit (16), wherein the protective sleeve unit (16) has a lamination section (16.1) for connecting the protective sleeves (11), wherein the lamination section (16.1) of the protective sleeve unit (16) is formed in a plane between two laminations (8) of the stator pack (3).

5. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective protective sleeve (11) extends in the axial direction only in one of the first stator sub-packets (3.1) of the respective set (13) or in all first stator sub-packets (3.1) of the set (13).

6. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protective sleeves (11) are closed in the circumferential direction or interrupted by slits (18), wherein the slits (18) are provided in particular on edges (19) of the protective sleeves (11) extending in the axial direction.

7. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groove section (11.1) of the protective sleeves (11) is designed according to the shape of the stator grooves (5), in particular trapezoidal, rectangular, sleeve-shaped, partially trapezoidal, partially rectangular or U-shaped in cross section.

8. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the respective protective sleeve (11) is a plastic, in particular an elastomer or thermoplastic elastomer, or a ceramic.

9. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator teeth (4) are connected to one another via an annular stator yoke (9) and each have a tooth end (4e) facing away from the stator yoke (9), which is designed in particular as a tooth head, wherein the stator slots (5) have slot slots (5s) formed between the respective tooth ends (4e), wherein a radially projecting web section (20) is formed on a narrow side (22) of the respective protective sleeve (11) facing away from the stator yoke (9), which extends into the respective useful slot (5s) and extends in the axial direction 10. Stator according to claim 9, characterized in that the stator slots (5) can each be flowed through by a cooling medium, in particular oil, along a cooling path (17), wherein bypasses (24) for bypassing the clamping points (10) are designed on the protective sleeves (11), in particular on one of the inner narrow sides (22) of the protective sleeves (11), especially in particular on an inner narrow side (22) facing or facing away from the stator yoke (9).

11. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one second stator sub-package (3.2) is provided in the stator core (3), which is arranged between first stator sub-packages (3.1) of a set (13) of first stator sub-packages (3.1) and / or between two sets (13) of first stator sub-packages (3.1) and is aligned in the circumferential direction such that the conductors (15) of the stator winding (6) in each stator slot (5) of the second stator sub-package (3.2) run along the stator slot (5) at a distance from the two tooth flanks (4f) of the stator slot (5), whereby slot gap channels (23) are formed in the stator slots (5).

12. Electrical machine (2) with a stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

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