Impregnation method, and an impregnation device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for impregnating a body (4) carrying at least one winding (41), in particular for an electric machine (1), for example for a rotor (3) or stator (2), wherein the body (4) is drizzled with an impregnation material (6), preferably containing resin, wherein a capacitance (30) between two phases (U, V, W) of the winding (41) is determined and / or wherein a capacitance (30) between one phase (U, V, W) of the winding (41) and earth potential (G) is determined, wherein a quantity of received impregnation material is determined by virtue of a change in the capacitance (30), wherein the body (4) is moved about a rotation axis (A) before and / or during and / or after the drizzling process, wherein current flows through the winding (41) before and / or during and / or after the drizzling process in order to heat the winding, wherein a metering quantity and / or a metering location and / or feeding of energy into the winding are / is adjusted in order to change a winding temperature, in particular of the individual phases, depending on the determined capacitance.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Impregnation process and an impregnation device

[0003] The invention relates to a method for impregnation and an impregnation device.

[0004] CH 499224 A discloses a trickle impregnation device for the winding of an electrical machine with means for adjustable current heating of the winding, characterized by a control device with a broadband ammeter having a linearly divided scale and provided with an adjustable fixed pointer, wherein the fixed pointer is designed in such a way as to control the heating current as a function of the winding temperature with the movable current pointer of the ammeter.

[0005] GB 1241416 A discloses a method for impregnating the winding of a rotor of a dynamo-electric machine, which method comprises impregnating the winding with a curable liquid impregnating agent by instilling the liquid impregnating agent into one end of the winding while the rotor is rotated about its axis, and thereafter generating heat by electrical means inside the impregnated winding of the rotor without interrupting the rotation of the rotor to raise the temperature inside the rotating rotor to a temperature required to cure the impregnating agent and to maintain the curing temperature during a predetermined curing period.

[0006] The impregnation of electric motors, in particular the immersion, dripping or coating of the rotors and / or stators with, preferably liquid, impregnating resin and the usually subsequent, in particular thermal, curing is a particularly energy-intensive step in the motor manufacturing process. Various impregnation processes are known, e.g. immersion, dripping or flooding. In this case, liquid resin is usually applied to the components to be impregnated. Subsequent drying and curing over several hours at approx. 150 °C is particularly time- and energy-intensive. In addition, an oven, for example in the form of a furnace section, is required for this. The components are then usually cooled in a cooling section in order to shorten cycle times and enable further processing. This also entails a high energy consumption.

[0007] In addition, the procedures known so far are not flexible and improvements during the ongoing process are not possible.

[0008] The invention is based on the object of improving the impregnation of electric motors.

[0009] The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, i.e. a method for impregnating a body carrying at least one winding, in particular for an electrical machine, for example for a rotor or stator, wherein the body is dripped with an impregnating material, preferably containing resin, wherein a capacitance between two phases of the winding is determined and / or wherein a capacitance between one phase of the winding and ground potential is determined, wherein a quantity of absorbed impregnating material is determined by a change in the capacitance, wherein the body is moved about an axis of rotation before and / or during and / or after the dripping, wherein current flows through the winding before and / or during and / or after the dripping in order to heat the winding, wherein a dosage amount and / or a dosage location and / or a feed of energy into the winding for changing a winding temperature,in particular of the individual phases, depending on the measured capacitance. A capacitance between two phases of the winding can be determined before and / or during and / or after the sprinkling.

[0010] The capacity can also be determined several times.

[0011] A capacitance between a phase of the winding and earth potential can be determined before and / or during and / or after sprinkling.

[0012] The capacity can also be determined several times.

[0013] Determining the capacity during the sprinkling process is particularly advantageous. This allows for subsequent adjustments.

[0014] Single-object measurements during the impregnation and curing processes are particularly advantageous, allowing for individual intervention during the ongoing process, for example, by changing the temperature and dosage. This conserves resources and enables high-quality impregnation.

[0015] A dosing location is, for example, a winding head (inside and / or outside, groove exit, different phases).

[0016] The process is particularly well-suited for rotors and / or stators of dynamoelectric rotary machines. Furthermore, the process is also suitable for impregnating electrical machines in general, e.g., transformers.

[0017] In the context of the present invention, impregnation advantageously means impregnation, solidification or electrical insulation.

[0018] The impregnation material preferably contains resin.

[0019] The resin is preferably such that it cures upon increasing temperature. The impregnating material may comprise exclusively resin. The impregnating material may also be a resin-hardener mixture, in particular in the form of a multi-component resin system comprising at least two components, wherein a first component is a resin and a second component is a hardener.

[0020] The resin is preferably an epoxy resin.

[0021] The hardener is advantageously amine-based.

[0022] The body is moved around a rotation axis before and / or during and / or after the sprinkling.

[0023] The body advantageously does not undergo continuous rotation, but rather oscillates advantageously between two positions.

[0024] An advantageous design is one in which the capacity is determined cyclically.

[0025] Particularly advantageously, a cycle lasts at least two seconds and at most 20 seconds, preferably at least five and at most ten seconds.

[0026] This offers the advantage that, if measurements are taken every five to ten seconds, for example between heating phases, a fill level distribution over time can be determined.

[0027] An embodiment is advantageous according to which the body is rotated by a first angle in a first direction of rotation, preferably in a positive direction of rotation, wherein the body is rotated by the negative first angle or a second angle in a second direction of rotation, preferably in a negative direction of rotation.

[0028] In other words, this means that the body is rotated by a first angle in the forward direction, whereby the body is rotated by the first angle or a second angle in the backward direction.

[0029] The body rotates in a pendulum motion. The body does not exhibit continuous motion with a specific angular velocity.

[0030] Advantageously, the body is moved in the first direction of rotation, stopped (i.e. speed = 0) and then moved in the second direction of rotation.

[0031] An embodiment is advantageous according to which the body is moved in the first direction of rotation at a first rotational speed, wherein the body is moved in the second direction of rotation at a second rotational speed, wherein the first rotational speed is greater than the second rotational speed.

[0032] However, the first rotation speed and the second rotation speed can also be the same.

[0033] The rotation speed is preferably between 5 1 / min and 40 1 / min.

[0034] In this way, a particularly homogeneous distribution of the impregnation material can be achieved.

[0035] An advantageous design is one in which the rotational speed is adjusted depending on the determined capacity.

[0036] This offers the advantage that a good resin distribution is achieved.

[0037] A design that directs the impregnating material onto or toward the body via a dosing nozzle is advantageous. This ensures particularly effective and even application.

[0038] Two or more dosing nozzles can also be formed.

[0039] An embodiment is advantageous according to which a dosage amount applied to the body when it is moved in the first direction of rotation is greater than a dosage amount applied to the body when it is moved in the second direction of rotation.

[0040] In other words, this means that the dosage amount can, for example, reach a maximum during a full rotation of 360° in the forward direction and then reach a minimum in the reverse direction.

[0041] A transition from maximum to minimum can be abrupt.

[0042] A transition from maximum to minimum can also be smooth.

[0043] This can prevent dripping.

[0044] An advantageous design is one in which the impregnating material is directed to an axial end of the body.

[0045] This is particularly advantageous when the body is in a tilted position relative to the horizontal. The impregnating material, e.g. resin, is advantageously applied to the axial end of the body which is higher relative to the Earth's surface than the other axial end.

[0046] The inclined position advantageously allows the impregnating material to flow toward the other axial end or toward a point at which the impregnation is to end. The body can be fully or partially impregnated. It is particularly advantageous if the body rotates when the impregnating material is applied. In this way, a particularly homogeneous distribution of the impregnating material can be achieved.

[0047] Alternatively or additionally, the nozzle can be moved.

[0048] An advantageous embodiment is one in which the dosing nozzle is moved, preferably parallel to the body.

[0049] This has the advantage that every part of the body can be easily sprayed.

[0050] The nozzle can be moved while the body is rotated.

[0051] The nozzle can also be moved before the body is rotated and / or after the body has been rotated.

[0052] A design in which the body is tilted vertically relative to the horizontal is advantageous. A tilt angle of between 5° and 60° relative to the horizontal is advantageous.

[0053] An embodiment is advantageous according to which the first angle is n-360°, where n is a natural number.

[0054] Natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ....

[0055] The body preferably completes one full rotation. However, two or more full rotations are also possible. Rotations of less than 360° are also possible.

[0056] An embodiment is advantageous according to which the second angle lies between -(n-360° + 1°) and -(n-360° + 10°), preferably -(n-360° + 5°), where n is a natural number.

[0057] This has the advantage of ensuring even coverage. It is intended to prevent some steep slopes from being over-coated with waterproofing material, which could lead to dripping. The dripping of waterproofing material should be avoided.

[0058] A particularly homogeneous distribution of the impregnation material can be achieved by an exemplary sequence of angles: 360 ° , -365 ° , +370 ° , ...

[0059] An embodiment is advantageous according to which the body is moved alternately in the first direction of rotation by the first angle and in the second direction of rotation by the second angle, the second angle being at least «2 = - ( «i + 1 ° ) and at most «2 = - ( cg + 10 ° ), preferably «2 = - ( eg + 5 ° ).

[0060] It is advantageous to move the body in this way during the sprinkling.

[0061] Current flows through the winding before and / or during and / or after the sprinkling.

[0062] The Joule heating of the coil beneficially warms the entire body. Heating with an oven is then no longer necessary, saving time and money. It also saves energy.

[0063] The body can be warmed in this way before, during and after impregnation.

[0064] An advantageous embodiment is one in which a three-phase winding is passed through by three-phase alternating current, while a single-phase winding is passed through by single-phase alternating current.

[0065] Using the example of a stator with a three-phase winding, the following steps are advantageously carried out: The stator's supply lines are connected to the connecting lines provided by an impregnation device. This can be achieved, for example, using a clamping plate. Current tapping using sliding contacts is also possible. In this case, continuous rotation of the body is also possible.

[0066] However, since sliding contacts have many disadvantages, e.g. brush sparks, a design with permanently connected connecting cables, e.g. by means of flexible stranded conductors with a suitable cross-section, is preferred within the scope of the invention.

[0067] The cross-section of the stranded conductors is advantageously larger than the cross-section of the winding.

[0068] The connecting cables are connected or connectable to a power supply unit, which preferably provides power in the form of three-phase alternating current.

[0069] The three phases of the stator are energized, causing the windings to heat up. The windings are preferably constructed of copper.

[0070] The windings can be energized continuously. However, breaks are also possible.

[0071] Analogous to the example “stator”, a rotor or a transformer or another electrical machine can also be impregnated.

[0072] The object is further achieved according to claim 12 by an impregnation device for impregnating a body carrying at least one winding, in particular for an electrical machine, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising:

[0073] - a drive with a drive shaft, wherein the drive is designed to move the body about a rotational axis, wherein the drive shaft has at least one fastening element for releasably connecting the body to the drive shaft,

[0074] - a dripping unit, wherein the dripping unit is designed to drip the body with an impregnating material,

[0075] - a connection unit, wherein the connection unit is designed to connect the winding to an electrical power supply.

[0076] The connection unit can have a clamping plate to which the winding ends can be clamped.

[0077] Alternatively or additionally, the connection unit can also comprise individual conductors that can be connected to the winding ends.

[0078] Alternatively or additionally, the connection unit can also include sliding contacts.

[0079] An advantageous design is one in which the drive is designed to be vertically tiltable in relation to the horizontal.

[0080] An advantageous embodiment is one in which the trickling unit comprises a dosing nozzle for discharging the impregnating material.

[0081] The problem can also be solved by a rotor and / or stator impregnated by such a process.

[0082] The invention offers the advantage that impregnation can be carried out in a resource-efficient manner, since the amount of resin dripped onto the body can be precisely and individually dosed, for example, in comparison to known dipping processes.

[0083] It is possible to use multi-component resin systems, as already disclosed in EP 3 872 962 A2. These multi-component resin systems exhibit such high reactivity in the mixed state that gelation and curing are possible at room temperature or only slightly elevated temperatures.

[0084] The invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. They show:

[0085] FIG 1 a dynamoelectric rotary machine,

[0086] FIG 2 and 3 a body,

[0087] FIG 4 an impregnation device,

[0088] FIG 5 the procedure,

[0089] FIGS 6 and 7 a rotation,

[0090] FIGS 8 to 11 show the course of the absorption of the impregnating material,

[0091] FIG 12 to 14 a network,

[0092] FIG 15 a digital twin

[0093] Sof twareob j ekt .

[0094] FIG 1 shows a dynamoelectric rotary machine 1 with a stator 2, a rotor 3 and a shaft 31.

[0095] The rotor and / or stator were impregnated using the described method.

[0096] FIG 2 shows a body 4 carrying a winding 41 .

[0097] The body 4 is, for example, the rotor 3 or the stator 2 shown in FIG. 1. However, other bodies carrying a winding 41 can also be impregnated using the method. In the figure, the body 4 is impregnated by dripping impregnation material 6, in particular resin or a resin-containing mixture, onto it using a dosing nozzle 5.

[0098] The body 4 is moved around a rotation axis A before and / or during and / or after the sprinkling.

[0099] Current flows through the winding 41 before and / or during and / or after the sprinkling.

[0100] This is achieved in the figure by connecting stranded conductors LU, LV, LW. These are advantageously connected to a power supply unit (see reference numeral 25 in FIG. 4).

[0101] The flow of current and the resulting heat loss warm the body.

[0102] Reference symbol RI indicates that the body 4 is rotated by a first angle in a first direction of rotation, preferably in a positive direction. Reference symbol R2 indicates that the body is rotated by the negative first angle. This is illustrated in FIG. 6.

[0103] It is also possible for the body to be rotated by a second angle in a second direction, preferably in a negative direction. This is illustrated in FIG. 7.

[0104] It is advantageous during sprinkling if the body is moved alternately in the first direction of rotation by the first angle and in the second direction of rotation by the second angle, wherein the second angle is at least a2 = - (al + 1°) and at most a2 = - (al + 10°), preferably a2 = - (al + 5°).

[0105] FIG. 3 shows the body 4 tilted vertically relative to the horizontal. A tilt angle ß between 5° and 60° relative to the horizontal is advantageous. A tilt angle ß between 10° and 35° relative to the horizontal is particularly good.

[0106] FIG 4 shows an impregnation device 10 .

[0107] The impregnation device 10 for impregnating a body carrying at least one winding, in particular for an electrical machine 1, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, according to FIG. 4, comprises: a drive 11 with a drive shaft 12, the drive 11 being designed to move the body 4 about the rotation axis A. The drive shaft 12 has at least one fastening element 13 for detachably connecting the body 4 to the drive shaft 12.

[0108] The impregnation device 10 shown in the figure also has a dripping unit 51, wherein the dripping unit 51 is designed to drip the impregnation material 6 onto the body 4.

[0109] In the figure, the drip unit 51 has the dosing nozzle 5 and a reservoir 7 in which the impregnation material 6 is stored.

[0110] The trickling unit 51 can e.g. be moved along an axis B.

[0111] In addition, the impregnation device 10 shown has a connection unit 24, wherein the connection unit 24 is designed to connect the winding 41 to an electrical power supply. For this purpose, the power supply unit 25 is shown in the figure.

[0112] In the figure, winding 41 is connected to the power supply unit via the stranded conductors LU, LV, LW. In the figure, this is achieved by a terminal plate 23. This enables current flow through the winding.

[0113] The stranded conductors are advantageously flexible.

[0114] The stranded conductors are advantageously long enough to connect the winding 41 to the power supply unit 25, even after, for example, three full rotations of the body, and not to break or become detached. They can wrap around the drive shaft 12 during rotation and rest against it.

[0115] Depending on the application, the stranded conductors are long enough to allow between one and ten full turns.

[0116] If the body 4 is moved, for example, in the opposite direction, the stranded conductors LU, LV, LW wound on the drive shaft 12 are unwound again.

[0117] It is also possible to tap current from the power supply unit for the winding using sliding contacts. However, the embodiment shown in the figure is preferred.

[0118] The figure also shows a sensor 8 .

[0119] The figure shows an arm 20 and an arm 21 connected by a joint 22. This is an exemplary embodiment that allows vertical tilting of the drive 11 or the body 4 relative to the horizontal. Other shapes are also possible.

[0120] For example, a stator 2 or rotor 3 (see FIG. 1) is clamped onto the drive shaft 12 shown and fastened by means of the fastening element 13. Other receiving devices are also possible. A receiving device which is designed to rotate the body 4 about its longitudinal axis is advantageous. The impregnation material 6 is preferably liquid. In the case of a stator to be impregnated, the impregnation material 6 is, for example, dripped onto the winding heads and can be distributed drip-free and homogeneously in the winding head due to the rotational movement. The impregnation material can be advantageously drawn into existing grooves due to capillary forces.

[0121] Since the stator is heated by the current supply, the flowability of the impregnating material 6, preferably the resin, is improved. Furthermore, gelling and curing of the impregnating material 6 are particularly well achieved.

[0122] FIG 5 shows the process .

[0123] In a method step S 1 , current flows through the body 4 (see FIG. 4 ). The body 4 is thereby heated.

[0124] It is possible to wait a defined period of time before proceeding with process step S2. Alternatively, immediately after process step S2, impregnation material 6 is discharged via the dosing nozzle 5 to be sprinkled onto the body 4.

[0125] In a method step S3, the body 4 is rotated in the first direction of rotation RI and / or in the second direction of rotation R2. This can be repeated.

[0126] In a method step S4, a capacitance between two phases of the winding is determined. Alternatively or additionally, a capacitance between one phase of the winding and ground potential is determined, whereby the amount of absorbed impregnation material is determined by a change in the capacitance.

[0127] In a method step S5, a dosing quantity and / or a dosing location and / or a feed of energy into the winding is adjusted to change a winding temperature, in particular of the individual phases, depending on the determined capacity.

[0128] The dripping is completed in process step S6. The discharge of the impregnating material is stopped, and curing can begin.

[0129] However, the dosing nozzle 5 can also be moved while it is discharging impregnating material. The discharge of the impregnating material can also be stopped if the dosing nozzle is to be moved.

[0130] A combination of heating the winding (preferably made of copper) through the described current supply, the application of the impregnating material by dripping, and the pendulum motion of the body to be impregnated prevents the impregnating material from dripping off. This allows for a homogeneous distribution of the impregnating material, for example, in the winding head or in the slots of the rotor or stator.

[0131] In the process, a reversal speed, a position of the dosing nozzles, a temporary reduction of the dosing quantity before and during the reversal as well as a temporal variance of successive reversal processes can be varied - e.g. depending on the type and size of the body.

[0132] For example, the dosage can be maximized during a full rotation and then minimized during the reversal process to prevent dripping.

[0133] The reversal process can occur, for example, every 360° (or whole multiples thereof) or at variable rotation angles (e.g., 1. 360°, 2. -365°, 3. +370°, ...) to ensure the most homogeneous distribution possible. The connecting lines can also be designed to be so flexible and long that few or no reversals are necessary during the actual dosing process. The length and type of the connecting lines should be selected to minimize Joule losses in the connecting lines.

[0134] Particularly advantageous in this case are the described flexible stranded conductors with a suitable cross-section, which is, for example, significantly larger than the cross-section of the winding. However, other embodiments are also possible.

[0135] FIG 8 - FIG 11 show the process of absorption of the impregnating material, in particular resin absorption.

[0136] The abscissa indicates a time profile t, which includes the absorption of the impregnating material (see FIGS. 8 to 11) and cross-linking (see FIGS. 12 to 14). The ordinate indicates a capacity 30, in particular an increase in capacity in FIGS. 8 to 11 and a decrease in capacity in FIGS. 12 to 14.

[0137] An increase in capacitance 30 between phases U and V, V and W and U and W is shown (see M1), as well as an increase in capacitance between U to earth, V to earth and W to earth (shown by Ground G, see M2).

[0138] The absorption of the impregnating material 6 begins at t1 in FIG. 1, in that the nozzle 5 applies the impregnating material 6, preferably drop by drop, to the winding 41 or sprinkles it onto the winding 41. The winding 41 is advantageously arranged at least partially in grooves of the body 4, in particular the laminated core. Winding heads are advantageously formed at an axial front end and at an axial rear end.

[0139] In addition, another nozzle 5a can apply impregnating material 6a to another end of the winding 41. Figures 9-11 show that the winding has absorbed impregnating material 6. Saturation of the winding heads is achieved at t2, flow into the slot exit at t3, and saturation of the slots at t4.

[0140] FIG 11 also shows that by contacting individual sheets 39 a better resolution is possible and thus a capacitance of U against earth, V against earth and W against earth can be determined more effectively.

[0141] The invention is advantageous because it enables the measurement and processing of the electrical capacitances between individual phases U, V, and W, or the respective capacitances between the aforementioned phases and the iron sheet (earth). From the information obtained from this, advantageously in real time, parameters such as the metered quantity, metering location (in particular, the winding head inside and / or outside, slot exit, various phases), and winding temperature of the individual phases can be adjusted during the ongoing process.

[0142] A particular advantage is that trickle-feed technology, particularly the ability to precisely adjust the amount of resin to be introduced with temporal and spatial resolution, as well as the ability to directly and individually adjust the winding temperature via the connected lines, in combination with knowledge of the resin fill quantity, particularly within the winding heads and the individual slots, allows for a highly precise, component-specific process. Furthermore, energy and resources can be saved.

[0143] The measurement of the capacities can be divided into two areas, a dosing area (see FIG 8 to FIG 11) and a gelling or hardening area (FIG 12 to FIG 14).

[0144] During the metered addition of the impregnating material 6 or 6a, the air in the interstices of the winding, particularly in the interstices between the enameled wires, is advantageously displaced by the, preferably liquid, impregnating material. Due to its high dielectric number (>10), this advantageously gradually increases the measured capacitance.

[0145] Here, a differentiation of the measuring points is important for the distribution of the impregnation material, which is shown in the figures.

[0146] An increase in the phase-to-phase capacitance advantageously indicates the fill level of the impregnating material in the winding heads (broken down by the individual winding head regions). An increase in the phase(s)-to-ground capacitance advantageously indicates the fill level in the individual slots.

[0147] It is also possible to tap the ground electrode on each individual sheet 39 (see FIG. 11) with a small measuring tip. This can further improve the resolution within the grooves.

[0148] By knowing which phase runs in which slot of the rotating stator, as well as in which areas of the winding head two of the three phases are adjacent to each other and thus significantly influence the capacitive structure, an optimal distribution of the impregnation material can be ensured in a targeted manner, particularly by synchronizing the rotation speed and thus the angular position of the critical areas with the dosage amount. By measuring temperature and capacitance simultaneously or in short sequences of, for example, five to ten seconds, e.g., between heating phases, a fill level distribution over time can be determined.

[0149] As the gelling or hardening of the distributed impregnation material, e.g. reactive resin, continues within the winding 41 (see FIGS. 12 to 14), the crosslinking advantageously leads to a reduction in the dielectric constant up to the final state of complete crosslinking, which, depending on the resin chemistry and the number and nature of the polar groups, has a dielectric constant advantageously between 2 and 5. This process is advantageously reflected in the measurement of the capacitances, whereby a measurement of the changing capacitances can be used to determine the degree of crosslinking and thus any remaining viscosity, which determines the time of the cycle in a trickle-coating system.

[0150] In particular, by means of the thermokinetic simulations, which are part of the European patent application with the application number 22183330 . 4, a process-technical advantage can be generated in that, for example, a necessary degree of gelation, which can vary depending on the component size and properties, can be determined during operation for each individual component and thus a component removal can be initiated or the curing reaction can be catalyzed specifically via single-phase current supply.

[0151] FIGS 12, 13, and 14 show a reduction in capacity 30. The reduction in capacity is essentially a result of gelation (crosslinking).

[0152] In t5 (see FIGS 12 and 13) there is a beginning of crosslinking, in t6 a gelling point, in t7 there is complete crosslinking at room temperature.

[0153] In the time window At56 , see FIG 14 , a drip-free stator is advantageously present, whereby this is particularly dependent on the cycle time and also on the variant.

[0154] Capacitance thresholds can indicate the degree of crosslinking, allowing cycle times to be optimized in situ. This is particularly successful when a capacity profile is known throughout the crosslinking process in correlation with the viscosity. Since the impregnating material, as a dielectric (preferably a liquid one), gradually displaces air during impregnation, the following advantageously applies:

[0155] Capacity ~ so£r geometry constant s r of air is 1 , s r of liquid resin is advantageously between 10 and 15 .

[0156] The combination of trickling, i.e. in particular the targeted dosing of a quantity of resin into specific areas of the stator, with the option of line connection (also called reverse trickling), offers the possibility of carrying out various measurements on the stator or another body with a winding during the ongoing process and of achieving targeted or partial heating of the winding. This means that for the first time, individual impregnation and curing can be carried out in a so-called one-piece flow, independent of variance. This offers the possibility of material and energy savings as well as cycle time optimization and thus productivity in production.

[0157] FIG. 15 shows a software object 400 functioning as a digital twin of a body 4 carrying at least one winding 41. The body 4 is impregnated by means of the described method.

[0158] A digital twin is advantageously a digital image or a data-technical equivalent of the body 4, for example the rotor and / or the stator.

[0159] The digital twin is thus advantageously a data set that directly or indirectly includes all the data 401 necessary to describe the relevant properties of the body 4. The properties are, for example, dimensions of the body.

[0160] The digital twin is particularly advantageous for the impregnation process. If the body 4 is dripped with an impregnating material 6, preferably containing resin, and a capacitance 30 between two phases of the winding is determined and / or a capacitance 30 between a phase of the winding 41 against ground potential G is determined and an amount of absorbed impregnating material is determined by a change in the capacitance 30, the body 4 can be moved about an axis of rotation A before and / or during and / or after the dripping, in particular in order to distribute the impregnating material well. The impregnating material can thus be easily absorbed into grooves, for example.

[0161] The digital twin makes it possible to determine how long the dripping process should continue or whether a rotational movement is necessary to achieve good results. Furthermore, the digital twin can provide information about the dosage amount and / or dosage location, and the amount of energy required to feed into the coil to change the coil temperature.

[0162] For example, a control system can be instructed to improve impregnation.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Method for impregnating a body (4) carrying at least one winding (41), in particular for an electrical Machine (1), for example for a rotor (3) or stator (2), wherein the body (4) is dripped with an impregnating material (6), preferably comprising resin, wherein a capacitance (30) between two phases (U, V, W) of the winding (41) is determined and / or wherein a capacitance (30) between one phase (U, V, W) of the winding (41) against ground potential (G) is determined, wherein a quantity of absorbed impregnating material is determined by a change in the capacitance (30), wherein the body (4) is moved about a rotational axis (A) before and / or during and / or after the dripping, wherein current flows through the winding (41) before and / or during and / or after the dripping in order to heat the winding (41), wherein a dosage amount and / or a dosage location and / or a feed of energy into the winding (41) is used to change a Winding temperature, especially of the individual phases, is adjusted depending on the determined capacity.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the capacity is determined cyclically.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein one cycle is at least two seconds and at most 20 seconds, preferably at least five and at most ten seconds.

4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the body (4) is rotated by a first angle (eg) in a first direction of rotation, preferably in a positive direction of rotation (RI), wherein the body (4) is rotated by the negative first angle - (cg) or a second angle («2) in a second direction of rotation (R2), preferably in a negative direction of rotation.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the body (4) in the first direction of rotation (RI) with a first rotational speed, wherein the body (4) is moved in the second rotational direction (R2) at a second rotational speed, wherein the first rotational speed is greater than the second rotational speed.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotational speed is adjusted depending on the determined capacity.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the impregnating material (6) is directed onto the body (4) or in the direction of the body (4) by means of a dosing nozzle (5).

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the impregnating material (6) is directed to an axial end of the body (4).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the dosing nozzle (5) is moved, preferably parallel to the body (4).

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the body (4) is tilted vertically with respect to the horizontal.

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first angle (eg) is n-360°, where n is a natural number.

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second angle («2) is between -(n-360° + 1°) and -(n-360° + 10°), preferably -(n-360° + 5°), where n is a natural number.

13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the body (4) is rotated alternately in the first direction of rotation (RI) by the first angle (eg) and in the second direction of rotation (R2) by the second angle («2), wherein the second angle is at least «2 = - («i + 1°) and at most «2 = - («i + 10°), preferably «2 = - (eg + 5°).

14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a three-phase winding is traversed by three-phase alternating current, wherein a single-phase winding is traversed by single-phase alternating current.

15. Impregnation device (10) for impregnating a body (4) carrying at least one winding (41), in particular for an electrical machine (1), in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - a drive (11) with a drive shaft (12), wherein the drive (11) is designed to move the body (4) about a rotation axis (A), wherein the drive shaft (12) has at least one fastening element (13) for releasably connecting the body (4) to the drive shaft (12), - a dripping unit (51), wherein the dripping unit (51) is designed to drip the body (4) with an impregnating material (6), - a connection unit (24), wherein the connection unit (24) is designed to connect the winding (41) to an electrical power supply (25).

16. Body comprising at least one winding, in particular rotor (3) and / or stator (2), impregnated by a method according to one of claims 1 to 14.

17. A method for generating a software object (400) acting as a digital twin of a body (4) carrying at least one winding (41), wherein the body (4) is impregnated by means of a method according to one of claims 1 to 14.

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