Electric machine having an electronics circuit board arranged in a stator housing

Abstract

Electric machine (10), in particular for adjusting movable parts in a motor vehicle, having a stator housing (22) which accommodates a stator (12) and a rotor (14), wherein the rotor (14) has a rotor shaft (16) on which a commutator (18), which can be energized by means of electrical brushes (20), is arranged, and the stator housing (22) has an axial opening (24) with an encircling edge (26) through which the rotor shaft (16) projects out of the stator housing (22), wherein an electronics circuit board (PCB) (30) is arranged transversely in relation to the rotor shaft (16), and the electronics circuit board (30), at its circumferential region (31), bears against the edge (26), and at least one microcontroller (84) is arranged on the electronics circuit board (30) radially within the edge (26), a position and direction of rotation evaluation means (85) for the rotor (14) being arranged in the microcontroller.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] title

[0003] The present invention relates to an electrical machine having an electronic circuit board arranged in a stator housing according to the preamble of the independent claim.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] DE 42 25 496 A1 discloses an electric drive unit in which an intermediate frame, into which a brush holder is integrated, is arranged between a pole pot and a gear housing. The drive unit has a modular design, whereby a separately designed plug can be arranged at different positions on the drive unit. This allows, for example, different variants with or without an electronics housing to be realized and, depending on the installation position of the drive unit, the plug connection can be adapted to the spatial conditions and the customer-specific mating plug. The electronics housing with the electronics circuit board housed therein is always arranged radially outside the pole housing. The disadvantage of this design is that the electronics circuit board with the various electronic components emits electromagnetic interference (EMC), which can interfere with other electronic functions in the vehicle.The object of the invention is to eliminate the need for an electronics housing that is arranged radially outside the pole housing. Disclosure of the invention.

[0006] The electric machine according to the invention with the features of independent claim 1 has the advantage that, by arranging the microcontroller on the electronics board within the motor housing, an additional electronics housing is unnecessary. Due to the optimal utilization of the surface of the electronics board radially within the peripheral wall of the stator housing, no additional plug-in electronics or an electronics housing flanged to the motor housing are required to implement various evaluation functions of the rotor position sensor. This allows the position and direction of movement of a part to be adjusted by the electric motor to be determined using the microprocessor located within the motor housing.As a result, such an electrical machine according to the invention is suitable for communication with a central control unit in the motor vehicle, wherein all essential functions for the operation of the electrical machine are realized in the microcontroller, which is arranged radially inside the stator housing on the electronic circuit board.

[0007] The measures listed in the dependent claims enable advantageous further developments and improvements of the embodiments specified in the independent claim. Since the rotor position sensor is arranged on the electronics board directly opposite a signal generator on the rotor shaft, the paths for the sensor signals to the microprocessor are very short. The sensor signals therefore do not have to be routed over long distances through the plug-in electronics to the microprocessor—or via a plug-in connection to an electronics board in a separate electronics housing. This makes the sensor signals less susceptible to interference and allows them to be processed more quickly in the immediately adjacent microcontroller.

[0008] This also eliminates the need for the sensor signals to be routed from the electronics board to a connector on the electric machine. A central control unit, however, can communicate directly via motor signals with the microprocessor, which is located radially inside the stator housing. For example, the rotor position signals can be directly evaluated in the microcontroller to implement an anti-pinch protection function, which thus has a particularly fast response time. The anti-pinch protection function prevents a vehicle occupant or other objects from being injured or damaged when adjusting a moving part. In the event of an unusual increase in the adjusting force, the anti-pinch protection function can stop or reverse the electric motor in order to release a trapped object.

[0009] By implementing a current-limiting function in the microcontroller radially within the stator housing, the need for a thermal circuit breaker within the motor housing can be eliminated. The current-limiting function can, for example, analyze and process various sensor signals within the motor housing in the microcontroller and use them to generate a temperature model for the electric machine. If there is a risk of the electric motor overheating, the motor current can then be limited or switched off without the need for hardware components. This also makes it possible, for example, to implement a soft stop when the part to be adjusted approaches a stop, preventing critical heating of the motor during block start-up.

[0010] Since the microcontroller is located in close proximity to the electric brushes, an H-bridge circuit can also be implemented within the microcontroller, which directly controls the motor current of the electric brushes. This reduces the generation of disruptive EMC radiation, which is generated by a motor current control in an externally located electronic unit. Since the contact elements for the brushes are located on the same electronic board as the microprocessor, their connecting lines for the motor current can be kept very short, which has a very positive effect on the EMC compatibility of the electric motor.

[0011] The rotor position sensor on the electronics board can be particularly advantageously designed as a magnetic Hall sensor, which can also be soldered directly onto the electronics board using SMD technology. To also detect the rotor's direction of rotation, a double Hall sensor is preferably used, preferably located on the circumference of the central opening in the electronics board. A ring magnet, which has different magnetic poles around its circumference, can be used very advantageously as the signal transmitter for the rotor shaft. The Hall sensor is preferably arranged radially opposite the ring magnet. However, an axially opposite arrangement is also possible.The rotor shaft - with the ring magnet attached to it - is inserted in the axial direction through the central opening in the circuit board, such that the electric brushes rest on the commutator, which is arranged axially adjacent to the ring magnet on the rotor shaft.

[0012] A shielding electronic circuit board can be realized particularly cost-effectively by arranging at least one continuously conductive conductor layer in the insulating substrate of the electronic circuit board, on which layer no defects are formed due to the formation of circuits or the connection of electronic components. Such continuously conductive conductor layers can be manufactured as standard during circuit board production, with two such flat conductive conductor layers being arranged as axially inner layers, and the circuits and electronic components being formed on two further outer conductor layers. The at least one flat conductive conductor layer is connected to at least one axial side surface of the circuit board by means of axial vias, which then bears axially conductively against the flange.

[0013] To ensure that the electronics board reliably rests against the flange over its entire circumference, the printed circuit board has a radial overlap area with the flange. This overlap area is designed to be electrically conductive on the axial underside of the electronics board towards the flange. To also shield the central opening in the electronics board with regard to EMC, a conductive ground contact area is formed around the central opening on the top side of the electronics board towards the bearing shield. This is preferably formed over a significant part of the circumference and is electrically connected to the metal rotor bearing component. The electrical connection can be achieved by an additional conductive adapter element or directly by forming an electrically conductive section on the bearing shield.

[0014] Tubular brushes or hammer brushes can be used to power the electric motor. The brushes are arranged on a separately manufactured brush holder component, which is attached to the underside of the electronics board and, in particular, is arranged axially completely within the stator housing. For electrical contact between the brushes, they are connected, in particular welded, to the contact elements of the electronics board using, for example, flexible current strands. The brush holder component is preferably made of plastic so that tubular brushes can be molded directly onto it as a single piece. For assembly, the brush holder component can first be electrically and mechanically connected to the electronics board and then inserted axially into the stator housing until the electronics board rests axially against the flange.Axially opposite the brush holder component, a bearing shield is attached to the top side of the electronics board. This bearing shield has a bearing seat for the rotor bearing. The rotor bearing is designed as a cylindrical or spherical bearing, particularly made of metal. The bearing shield can also be made of plastic, but has an electrically conductive area around the bearing seat that connects the rotor bearing to the ground contact area of ​​the electronics board. For this purpose, the bearing shield can have a conductive coating or a separately manufactured, electrically conductive adapter element that is axially clamped on the one hand against the rotor bearing and on the other hand against the ground contact area. The brush holder is axially connected to the bearing shield, which is arranged axially on the opposite top side of the electronics board.For this purpose, connecting elements in particular penetrate through the central opening so that the at least one flat conductive layer is not interrupted. For example, locking elements and / or clamping elements can be formed on the brush holder and / or the bearing shield, which interact with counter-locking elements and / or clamping elements of the bearing shield and / or the brush holder. As a result, the brush holder and the bearing shield with the electronics board in between are designed as a pre-assembled sandwich component. This sandwich component is centered relative to the stator housing by means of the brush holder and relative to the gearbox housing by means of the outer contour of the bearing mount of the bearing shield. The electronics board is positioned in the sandwich component through its central opening.

[0015] The stator housing advantageously has a flattened circular cross-section so that it can be installed even in limited space - for example in the side door of a vehicle. The circumference thus has two parallel, opposite, flat sections with two circular sections in between. The circumference of the electronics board particularly advantageously has the same circumference so that it extends radially over approximately the entire circumference beyond the dimensions of the axial opening in the stator housing to form the overlap area with the flange. This creates a mechanically stable and reliable electrically conductive flange connection. If the central opening in the electronics board is rectangular or square, this can simultaneously create an anti-rotation device between the brush holder plate, the bearing plate and the electronics board.

[0016] By arranging the separately manufactured connection plug radially outside the pole housing, the insertion direction and position of the corresponding customer-specific mating plug can be very easily adapted to the available installation space without changing the basic design of the brush holder plate, the bearing shield, or the electronics board. By creating a modular motor system with a consistently consistent brush holder component, the variation of the electronic functions, such as rotor position detection or electronic interference suppression, can be shifted exclusively to the easier-to-change electronics board. The consistent stator housing interface thus ensures consistently reliable positioning of the brushes relative to the commutator, while still allowing the electric motor to be adapted to a wide variety of customer requirements.This means that even with different versions of the electronics board and / or the connection plug, the interface between the stator housing, electronics board and gearbox housing can always be designed in the same way, so that the flanges of the stator housing and the gearbox housing are always reliably sealed.

[0017] By designing an electronics board with a radial extension that extends radially beyond the flange at an angle to the separately manufactured connector, separately manufactured connecting elements from the electronics board to the connector are eliminated. This allows both the power supply connection pins and the motor signal pins to be soldered directly to the radial extension of the electronics board. Furthermore, the electronics board rests more extensively on the flange of the stator housing at the peripheral area of ​​the radial extension, providing more space for arranging the microcontroller and / or other electronic components close to the connector.

[0018] The electronics board can be manufactured particularly cost-effectively using surface-mounted device (SMD) technology, in which all components to be assembled are soldered using SMD technology. For example, at least one interference suppression choke, a varistor, a capacitor, or a Hall sensor is soldered to the bottom and / or top using SMD technology. The contact elements for the carbon brushes are also advantageously designed as SMD components. This SMD technology allows the entire motor to be used even at higher temperatures, and the electronics are particularly vibration-resistant thanks to the SMD assembly.

[0019] The electronics board can be easily mounted axially between the flange of the stator housing and a mating flange of the gearbox housing using an axial assembly method. The gearbox housing can be made of plastic. For example, the two housing parts are connected using screws, crimping, or other material forming methods. Brief description of the drawings

[0020] The invention is explained in more detail in the following description using exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. They show:

[0021] Fig. 1 shows a section of an electrical machine according to a first

[0022] embodiment, and

[0023] Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of an electronic board of an electrical machine from above,

[0024] Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a sandwich component from above, and

[0025] Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of an electrical machine with a mounted sandwich component according to Fig. 3.

[0026] Description of the embodiments

[0027] Fig. 1 shows an electric machine 10, such as is used, for example, for adjusting movable parts - preferably window panes, sunroofs or seat components - in a motor vehicle. A stator 12 is arranged in a stator housing 22, within which a rotor 14 is arranged, the rotor shaft 16 of which extends axially from the stator housing 22 into an axially adjoining gear housing 60. The stator 14 preferably has permanent magnets 13 which interact with an electrical winding 15 of the rotor 14. The drive torque is transmitted from the rotor shaft 16 to a gear arranged in the gear housing 60. An output element 17 - in particular a worm - is arranged on the rotor shaft 16 and interacts with other gear components. As a result, parts of a vehicle seat or a window pane in the motor vehicle, for example, are moved by means of a mechanism not shown.In the axial direction 8, a brush holder plate 55 is arranged between the pole housing 22 and the gear housing 60, which accommodates electric brushes 20 for supplying electrical current to a commutator 18 arranged on the rotor shaft 16. The brushes 20 can be designed as hammer brushes or, preferably, as quiver brushes. The brush holder plate 55 is manufactured, for example, as a plastic component and is preferably arranged radially entirely within the stator housing 22. Axially adjacent to the brush holder plate 55, an electronics board 30 (PCB = Printed Circuit Board) is arranged transversely to the rotor shaft 16. The electronics board 30 has a central opening 32 through which the rotor shaft 16 projects. At its radially outer circumference 31, the electronics board 30 rests electrically conductively on the stator housing 22.For example, a flange 28 is formed on an edge 26 of an axial opening 24 of the stator housing 22, against which the electronics board 30 rests in the axial direction 8. The electronics board 30 preferably has a substantially planar conductive conductor layer 36, which serves as a shield for EMC radiation from the electrical machine 10. Electronic components 44 are arranged on the electronics board 30. One electronic component 44 is designed as a microcontroller 84, which is arranged radially inside the stator housing 22. Contact elements 50 for the power supply of the electric brushes 20 are arranged as further components 44 on the electronics board 30. Furthermore, the electronics board 30 is connected by means of conductor elements 65 to a connection plug 64 for the power supply of the electrical machine 10, which is arranged radially outside the stator housing 22.Opposite the brush holder plate 55, on the other axial side of the electronics board 30, there is a bearing plate 56, which has a bearing receptacle 57 for a bearing component 58 of the rotor shaft 16. The bearing component 58 is designed, for example, as a cylindrical or spherical bearing made of metal. The bearing component 58 is electrically connected to the electronics board 30, for example, via an adapter element 82. The bearing plate 56 is preferably axially connected to the brush holder plate 55 by means of clips or clamping elements 98, so that the electronics board 30 is arranged between the brush holder plate 55 and the bearing plate 56 to together form a sandwich component 70. The extension of the electronics board 30 in the radial direction 7 is preferably greater than the radial extension of the brush holder plate 55.For example, the gear housing 60 is connected to the stator housing 22 by means of connecting elements 66, whereby the electronic circuit board 30 is firmly fixed between the stator housing 22 and the gear housing 60.

[0028] Fig. 2 shows a top side 42 of a further embodiment of an electronic circuit board 30, which has a radial extension 113 that projects radially beyond the flange 28 of the stator housing 22. On the top side 42, a conductive ground contact region 80 is formed around the central opening 32, which is interrupted at one point by a rotor position sensor 49, which is preferably designed as a Hall sensor 49. The microcontroller 84 is arranged on the top side 42 in the angular area 112 of the connection plug 64 and is electrically connected to the rotor position sensor 49 via conductor tracks 51. The microcontroller 84 incorporates a position and direction of rotation evaluation 85 of the rotor 14 and an anti-pinch function 86, for which purpose the rotor position signals from the rotor position sensor 49 are evaluated accordingly.Furthermore, a current limiting function 87 for the electric brushes 20 is implemented in the microcontroller 84. In this function, the brush current is reduced based on a signal evaluation in the microcontroller 84 using software if there is a risk of thermal overheating of the electric machine 10. At the angular area 112, where the separately formed connection plug 64 is arranged, the radial extension 113 of the electronics board 30 extends beyond the connector collar 74 of the connection plug 64. Because the microcontroller 84 is structurally arranged directly adjacent to the rotor position sensor 49 and the rotor position signals are processed directly in the microcontroller 84, it is not necessary to route the rotor position signals to the connection plug 64 in this embodiment.Further electronic components 44, for example for wiring the microcontroller 84 or further capacitors 47 or varistors 46 or interference suppression elements 45, 48, are arranged on the electronics board 30. Contact elements 50 for supplying power to the electric brushes 20 are soldered onto the electronics board 30 as further components 44. An electrically conductive overlap region 40 is formed on an underside 41 of the electronics board 30, which here extends in particular largely over the circumference of the flange 28 and axially bears against the flange 28 of the stator housing 22. For example, a plurality of through-contacts 38 are formed on the radially outer edge 31 of the electronics board 30 and / or on the central opening 32 in order to electrically connect the ground contact region 80 and / or the overlap region 40 to the at least one planar conductive conductor layer 36.On the radial extension 113, two areas 101, 102 with different electrical potentials are formed, each of which is directly connected to a corresponding connection pin 63 for the power supply of the electric machine 10. The connection pins 63 for the power supply are, for example, inserted directly into through-holes 115 of the electronics board 30—preferably soldered. Optionally, additional pins 116 for signal lines 79 to the microcontroller 84 can be inserted in the radial extension 113, by means of which the evaluated motor signals can be forwarded to one or more external control units. The connection pins 63 and the additional pins 116 extend axially into the connector collar 74 of the connection plug 64.In this embodiment, the bearing plate 56 (not shown) has a radial web 114 which radially covers the radial extension 113 and is connected to the connection plug 64 - in particular locked by means of locking elements 71.

[0029] Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a sandwich component 70, in which the electronic circuit board 30 is inserted axially between the brush holder plate 55 and the bearing plate 56. The electric brushes 20 are again arranged on the brush holder plate 55, which, when inserted into the axially open stator housing 22, then rest against the commutator 18 of the rotor shaft 16. From the brush holder plate 55, the clip or clamping elements 98 extend in the axial direction 8 through the central opening 32 in the electronics board 30 and engage on the other side of the electronics board 30 in corresponding receptacles 99 of the bearing plate 56. As a result, the electronics board 30 is axially firmly clamped between the brush holder plate 55 and the bearing plate 56, whereby the sandwich component 70 can be axially clamped as a pre-assembled unit between the stator housing 22 and the gear housing 60.The electronics board 30 protrudes over a substantial portion of its circumference 31 in the radial direction 7 beyond the brush holder plate 55 and the bearing plate 56, so that the radially outer region 31 of the electronics board 30 can be clamped axially between the flange 28 of the stator housing 22 and a counterflange 61 of the gear housing 60. The electronics board 30 rests on its underside 41 with its overlap region 40 against the metallic flange 28 to form a ground contact. The bearing plate 56 is connected to the ground contact region 80 on the top side 42 of the electronics board 30. For this purpose, in this embodiment, an electrically conductive adapter element 82 is arranged between the bearing component 58 and the top side 42 of the electronics board 30. The bearing component 58 is secured in a bearing seat 57 of the bearing plate 56, whereby the bearing plate 56 is in turn fixed in the gear housing 60. In Fig.3, the bearing plate 56 covers the radial extension 113 of the electronics board 30 in the angular area 112 of the connection plug 64 with a radial web 114. The connection plug 64 is fastened on the one hand to the radial extension 113 and on the other hand is connected to the radial web 114 of the bearing plate 56, for example by means of locking elements 71. In this embodiment, the microcontroller 84 is also arranged in the angular area 112 of the connection plug 64, but here partially protrudes in the radial direction 7 beyond the stator housing 22 into the radial extension 113 of the electronics board 30. As a result, the microcontroller 84 is particularly advantageously arranged very close to the pins 63, 116 of the connector collar 74. The rotor position sensor 49 is again arranged radially towards the central opening 32 on the electronic circuit board 30 and is directly connected to the microcontroller 84 by means of conductor tracks 51.The rotor position signals are evaluated in the microcontroller 84 by its position evaluation 85 and anti-pinch protection function 86. The rotor position signals are also fed to the current limiting function 87, which is located in the microcontroller 84. Furthermore, an H-bridge circuit 88 is implemented in the microcontroller 84, by means of which the current supply to the brushes 20 is controlled. In Fig. 3, in particular, a further microprocessor 83 and / or ASIC module is arranged, which, optionally together with the first microcontroller 84 and in particular with further electronic components 44 within the motor housing 22, accommodates the position detection 85 and / or the function of the anti-pinch protection 86 or the current limiting 87 or the thermal protection or the bridge circuit 88 of the motor 10.In this specific embodiment, the microcontroller 84 is located partially radially within the stator housing 22, and another portion extends radially beyond the peripheral wall of the stator housing 22 into the radial extension 113 of the electronic circuit board 30. The microcontroller 84 is connected to pins 63, 166 via signal lines 79, for example, to communicate with a central control unit and / or the on-board computer. In particular, additional electronic components 44 are arranged distributed around the circumference of the central opening 32, which serve, for example, to suppress interference and further detect sensor signals.

[0030] Such a sandwich component 70 according to Fig. 3 is installed, for example, in an electrical machine 10 in Fig. 4. In Fig. 4, the stator 12 again has permanent magnets 13 that interact with the electrical winding 15 of the rotor 14. The electrical winding 15 is connected to the commutator 18, against which the brushes 20 rest radially. The brushes 20 are arranged in brush holders 54 and are pressed radially resiliently against the commutator 18. In the axial region of the electronics board 30, a ring magnet 77 is arranged on the rotor shaft 16 as a signal transmitter 76, which interacts with the rotor position sensor 49 on the electronics board 30. In this embodiment, an insertion cone 78 is formed adjacent to the ring magnet 77, which ensures that the brushes 20 are spread apart in the radial direction 7 when the sandwich component 70 is placed axially in order to be able to be pushed onto the commutator 18.Axially above the signal generator 76 is the bearing component 58, which is designed here as a spherical bearing that is pressed into the bearing seat 57 with a spring washer 59. The gear housing 60 is placed axially from above onto the stator housing 22 in such a way that the electronics board 30 is axially clamped between the flange 28 of the stator housing 22 and the counterflange 61 of the gear housing 60. For example, the gear housing 60 is attached to the flange 28 by means of connecting elements 66, which are designed as screws. The connection plug 64 of the sandwich component 70 is then arranged radially outside the stator housing 22. The microcontroller 84 is arranged, as shown in Fig. 3, in the angular area 112 of the connection plug 64, wherein here optionally a part of the microcontroller 84 overlaps with the connection plug 64 in the radial direction 7, wherein the other part of the microcontroller 84 is arranged radially inside the stator housing 22.The connector collar 74 is connected to the radial web 114 by means of the locking elements 71, with the electronics board 30 also being connected to the connector collar 74 by means of fixing elements 29. The microcontroller 84 is connected to the signal sensor 49 by means of conductor tracks 51, so that the position evaluation 85 and / or the anti-pinch function 86 and / or the current limiting function 87 are implemented in the microcontroller 84. An ELCO 81 for motor control is arranged on the underside 41 of the electronics board 30, in particular as an electronic component 44.

[0031] It should be noted that, with regard to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures and in the description, a wide variety of combinations of the individual features are possible. For example, the specific shape of the stator housing 22, the gear housing 60, and the connection plug 64 can be adapted to the corresponding application of the electric machine 10. For example, the electronics board 30 can also accommodate different electronic components 44 depending on requirements, with different functions being able to be implemented in the microcontroller 84. The position sensor 49 can also be designed as an inductive or optical sensor. The geometry and design of the electronics board 30 can also be varied and, for example, can be designed with fewer or more than four conductor layers 35, with at least one planar conductive conductor layer 36 being arranged in the electronics board 30.The electrical contacting of the overlap region 40 and / or the ground contact region 80 can be realized, for example, by means of a metallic coating on the electronic circuit board 30 or by exposing a conductor layer 35 of the electronic circuit board 30. The outer circumference of the electronic circuit board 30 can also have a true circular shape or any desired outer contour instead of a flattened circle. The invention is particularly suitable for adjusting moving parts or for driving pumps or units in motor vehicles, but is not limited to this application.

Claims

Claims 1 . An electrical machine (10), in particular for adjusting moving parts in a motor vehicle, comprising a stator housing (22) accommodating a stator (12) and a rotor (14), the rotor (14) having a rotor shaft (16) on which a commutator (18) is arranged, which can be energized by means of electric brushes (20), and the stator housing (22) having an axial opening (24) with a circumferential edge (26) through which the rotor shaft (16) projects from the stator housing (22), an electronic circuit board (PCB) (30) being arranged transversely to the rotor shaft (16), the electronic circuit board (30) bearing against the edge (26) at its circumferential region (31), and a microcontroller (84) containing a position and direction of rotation evaluation (85) of the rotor (14) being arranged on the electronic circuit board (30) at least partially radially inside the edge (26).

2. Electrical machine (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that a rotor position sensor (49) is arranged on the electronic circuit board (30), which cooperates with a signal transmitter (76) on the rotor shaft (16), and from the rotor position sensor (49) conductor tracks (51) for the rotor position signals on the electronic circuit board (30) lead directly to the microcontroller (84) - in particular without being led to a connection plug (64) of the electrical machine (10).

3. Electrical machine (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an anti-pinch function (86) is arranged in the microcontroller (84), in which the rotor position signals can be evaluated in order to stop and / or reverse the electrical machine (10) in the event of an unforeseen increase in force when adjusting the movable part.

4. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a current limiting function (87) for the electric brushes (20) is arranged in the microcontroller (84) in order to prevent thermal overheating of the electrical machine (10) during operation - wherein in particular no thermal protection switch is arranged radially inside the stator housing (22).

5. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an H- or B-bridge circuit (88) for controlling the electric brushes (20) is integrated in the microcontroller (84, 83).

6. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor position sensor (49) is designed as a magnetic Hall sensor (49) - preferably as a double Hall sensor - which is arranged in particular radially directly opposite the signal transmitter (76), which is designed as a ring magnet (77).

7. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic circuit board (30) has a plurality of spaced-apart conductor layers (35, 36) in an insulating substrate in the axial direction (8), of which at least one is designed as a conductor layer (36) made essentially over its entire surface from conductive material without circuits, and the conductor layers (35, 36) are electrically connected to one another by means of a plurality of axial vias (38).

8. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronics board (30) axially bears conductively against a flange (28) formed on the edge (26) - in particular over a large part of the entire circumference (31) of the electronics board (30) - and the electronics board (30) completely covers the opening (24) of the stator housing (22) except for a central opening (32) in the electronics board (30) for the rotor shaft (16).

9. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a separately manufactured bearing plate (56) is arranged on an upper side (42) of the electronics board (30) facing away from the flange (28), in which bearing plate a bearing component (58) of the rotor shaft (16) is received - wherein in particular the bearing component (58) is connected by means of an electrically conductive adapter element (82) to a ground contact region (80) formed on the upper side (42) of the electronics board (30).

10. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that contact elements (50) for supplying current to the electrical brushes (20) are arranged on the underside (41) facing the flange (28), wherein the contact elements (50) are connected - in particular by means of stranded wires (52) - to the electrical brushes (20) of a separately manufactured brush holder plate (55).

11. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brush holder plate (30) is connected to the bearing plate (55) as a sandwich unit (70) by means of clips or clamping elements (98) through the central opening (32) of the electronic circuit board (30) via the adapter element (82) - and in particular the contact elements (50) are fastened to the electronic circuit board (30) by means of SMD technology.

12. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic circuit board (30) and also the axial opening (24) of the stator housing (22) have circular sections (72) and mutually parallel straight sections (73) - wherein the central opening (32) preferably has an approximately square cross-sectional area.

13. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic board (30) has a radial extension (113) which extends radially beyond the flange (28) at a peripheral region (112) to a separately manufactured plug collar (74) of a connection Plug (64) extends, and connection pins (63) of the connection plug (64) are inserted directly in the radial extension (113) of the printed circuit board (30) - wherein the plug collar (74) is connected in particular to a web (114) of the bearing plate (56) projecting radially beyond the flange (28).

14. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microcontroller (84) is arranged in the peripheral region of the connection plug (64) and / or on the radial extension (113) of the electronic circuit board (30), wherein the microcontroller (84) and all other electronic components (44) are contacted by means of SMD technology (Surface Mounted Devices) on the underside (41) and / or the top side (42) of the electronic circuit board (30).

15. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that axially opposite the stator housing (22) a gear housing (60) with a counter flange (61) rests on the electronic board (30) in order to clamp the sandwich component (70) axially between the stator housing (22) and the gear housing (60) - and preferably the gear housing (60) is screwed to the stator housing (22).

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