Foamed pad

Abstract

The present invention relates to a foamed pad having a foamed pad main body made of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) with a density of at least 0.4 g / cm³ and not more than 0.8 g / cm³. The present invention also relates to orthopedic aids or sports aid devices comprising a pad according to the invention.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] Foamed pad

[0003] The present invention relates to a pad comprising a foamed pad base body made of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) with a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3 The present invention also relates to orthopaedic aids or sports aids comprising a pad according to the invention.

[0004] Pads are bodies that are typically used for medical or sports-supporting purposes for local compression, or to compress or hold tissue in place. They can also be used for padding. Orthopedic or sports aids are often equipped or upgraded with such pads. Pads are made of elastic materials, frequently silicone or polyurethane. The pads can be embedded in a casing. Pads are available in various designs and for various prophylactic and therapeutic applications. Various pads are disclosed, for example, in DE 27 22 563 C2, EP 0 598 291 A1, and EP 0 600 218 A2.

[0005] Pads must have a specific Shore hardness to function effectively as pressure vessels. Furthermore, pads should exhibit specific viscoelastic properties to optimally adapt to the user's body and fulfill their intended purpose.

[0006] Due to the material used, state-of-the-art silicone or TPE pads with the desired Shore hardness are comparatively heavy. Manufacturing costs are also comparatively high.

[0007] The technical problem underlying the invention is to provide a pad which has a suitable Shore hardness and viscoelastic properties, but is lighter than comparable pads from the prior art and / or is inexpensive or even cheaper to produce.

[0008] The present invention solves the underlying technical problem by a pad according to claim 1.

[0009] The present invention relates to a pad comprising a foamed pad base body, characterized in that the pad base body is formed from thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as the base component, has a hardness of at least 20 Shore 00 and at most 45 Shore 00 and a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3 has.

[0010] Preferred is a pad comprising a foamed pad base body, characterized in that the pad base body is formed from thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as the base component, has a hardness of at least 20 Shore 00 and at most 45 Shore 00, and a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3has a storage modulus of at least 0.15 MPa and at most 0.5 MPa in a temperature range of at least 18°C ​​and at most 40°C, a loss modulus of at least 0.015 MPa and at most 0.03 MPa in a temperature range of at least 10°C and at most 40°C and a loss factor tan delta of at least 0.05 and at most 0.25 in a temperature range of at least 10°C and at most 40°C.

[0011] Such pads advantageously have a suitable Shore hardness and, at the same time, a comparatively low density. It was thus shown that pads made of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as the base component with precisely this low density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3Soft yet dimensionally stable enough to achieve the desired effect when worn. Foaming during production also allows for uniform pore formation. By modulating the storage modulus, loss modulus, loss factor, density, Shore hardness, and bubble size, a foam can be created that meets the bedding and support requirements of orthopedic and sports technology for optimal performance for the user.

[0012] The thermoplastic elastomer forms the basic component of the pad base. This means that the thermoplastic elastomer is the key material forming the pad base, but that other materials and substances, such as oils and waxes, can also be contained in the pad base, even in large quantities. For example, thermoplastic elastomers such as styrene-ethyl-ene-butylene-styrene are processed as a gel consisting of a mixture that contains, in addition to the styrene-ethyl-ene-butylene-styrene, up to over 90 wt.% oil, for example, a white oil mixture. Even when this mixture is processed into a foamed article, in this case the pad base, the basic component is the thermoplastic elastomer.

[0013] The pad base body according to the invention preferably contains an oil or an oil mixture. The pad base body according to the invention preferably contains an oil or an oil mixture in a proportion of 0 wt.% to 95 wt.%. The pad base body according to the invention preferably contains an oil or an oil mixture in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 95 wt.%. The pad base body according to the invention preferably contains an oil or an oil mixture in a proportion of 50 wt.% to 95 wt.%. The pad base body according to the invention preferably contains an oil or an oil mixture in a proportion of 51 wt.% to 95 wt.%. The oil or oil mixture is preferably a white oil.

[0014] Preferably, the thermoplastic elastomer is selected from the group consisting of styrene block copolymers (TPS), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV), thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPA), thermoplastic copolyester elastomers (TPC) and mixtures thereof.

[0015] Preferred is a pad comprising a foamed pad base body, characterized in that the pad base body is formed from styrene block copolymer (TPS) as the base component, has a hardness of at least 20 Shore 00 and at most 45 Shore 00 and a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3 has.

[0016] Preferred is a pad comprising a foamed pad base body, characterized in that the pad base body is formed from styrene block copolymer (TPS) as the base component, has a hardness of at least 20 Shore 00 and at most 45 Shore 00, and a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3has a storage modulus of at least 0.15 MPa and at most 0.5 MPa in a temperature range of at least 18°C ​​and at most 40°C, a loss modulus of at least 0.015 MPa and at most 0.03 MPa in a temperature range of at least 10°C and at most 40°C and a loss factor tan delta of at least 0.05 and at most 0.25 in a temperature range of at least 10°C and at most 40°C. In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic elastomer is predominantly a styrene block copolymer (TPS). Surprisingly, it has been found that styrene block copolymers are particularly well suited for producing the pads with the desired Shore hardness and, at the same time, low density. When using styrene block copolymers, for example styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) and / or styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS), a very uniform pore formation can be achieved during foaming during production.

[0017] Preferably, the pad consists predominantly of a styrene block copolymer (TPS).

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the thermoplastic elastomer is a styrene block copolymer (TPS; also known as TPE-S).

[0019] Preferably, the pad consists predominantly of at least one styrene block copolymer (TPS) and an oil or oil mixture.

[0020] The pad base body according to the invention made from a styrene block copolymer (TPS) preferably contains an oil or an oil mixture. The pad base body according to the invention made from a styrene block copolymer (TPS) preferably contains an oil or an oil mixture in a proportion of 0 wt. % to 95 wt. %. The pad base body according to the invention made from a styrene block copolymer (TPS) preferably contains an oil or an oil mixture in a proportion of 1 wt. % to 95 wt. %. The pad base body according to the invention made from a styrene block copolymer (TPS) preferably contains an oil or an oil mixture in a proportion of 50 wt. % to 95 wt. %. The pad base body according to the invention made from a styrene block copolymer (TPS) preferably contains an oil or an oil mixture in a proportion of 51 wt. % to 95 wt. %. The oil or oil mixture is preferably a white oil.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the styrene block copolymer (TPS) is based on a copolymer selected from the group consisting of styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene / propylene-styrene (SEPS), styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer (SEEPS), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (MABS), methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS), and mixtures thereof. Other suitable styrene block copolymers are known to those skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the styrene block copolymer (TPS) is based on styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) and / or styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS).

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the styrene block copolymer (TPS) is based on styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) or styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS).

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the styrene block copolymer (TPS) is based on styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS).

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the styrene block copolymer (TPS) is formed on the basis of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS).

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the styrene block copolymer (TPS) is styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) and / or styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS).

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the styrene block copolymer (TPS) is styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS). In a preferred embodiment, the styrene block copolymer (TPS) is styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS). In a preferred embodiment, the styrene block copolymer (TPS) is styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS).

[0027] A pad comprising a foamed pad base body is preferred, characterized in that the pad base body is formed from styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) or styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) as the base component, has a hardness of at least 20 Shore 00 and at most 45 Shore 00 and a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3 has.

[0028] Preferred is a pad comprising a foamed pad base body, characterized in that the pad base body is formed from styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) or styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) as the base component, has a hardness of at least 20 Shore 00 and at most 45 Shore 00, and a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3has a storage modulus of at least 0.15 MPa and at most 0.5 MPa in a temperature range of at least 18°C ​​and at most 40°C, a loss modulus of at least 0.015 MPa and at most 0.03 MPa in a temperature range of at least 10°C and at most 40°C and a loss factor tan delta of at least 0.05 and at most 0.25 in a temperature range of at least 10°C and at most 40°C.

[0029] Suitable processes for producing foamed bodies made of thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), for example styrene block copolymers (TPS), such as the base bodies in this case, are known to those skilled in the art. A typical process is described in principle in the example of this application.

[0030] It is also generally known to foam thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) using blowing agents. WO2004108811A1, for example, describes processes for producing expandable thermoplastic elastomers.

[0031] The pad base body is preferably foamed during production. The pad base body is preferably formed from a foamed thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as the base component. The pad base body is preferably formed from a foamed styrene block copolymer (TPS) as the base component.

[0032] Surprisingly, it was found that foaming thermoplastic elastomers allows for particularly effective and cost-effective production of pad bases and pads with the desired Shore hardness and, at the same time, low density. Since foaming thermoplastic elastomers, particularly with a blowing agent, is known to those skilled in the art as a common and cost-effective process, this process can also be readily applied in the present case. Surprisingly, this common process allows for the production of pads that meet the requirements for a pad and, in particular, have the desired Shore hardness and, at the same time, a comparatively low density.

[0033] Preferred is a pad comprising a foamed pad base body, characterized in that the pad base body is formed from foamed styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) and / or foamed styrene-ethyl ene-butyl ene-styrene (SEBS) as the base component, has a hardness of at least 20 Shore OO and at most 45 Shore OO and a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3 has.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the pad base body is formed by introducing a blowing agent. The blowing agent can be a physical blowing agent or a chemical blowing agent. The blowing agent is preferably a physical blowing agent.

[0035] The propellant can be, for example, a gas such as air, CO2, nitrogen or a mixture of gases.

[0036] The propellant is preferably CO2 and / or nitrogen. The propellant is preferably CO2 or nitrogen.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the propellant used for production is in the form of microspheres, i.e., a gas surrounded by a thermoplastic shell, such as a polymer shell. Heating increases the gas pressure inside the shell, which simultaneously softens. This increases the volume of the microspheres. However, the propellant remains permanently enclosed.

[0038] The propellant preferably comprises a gas, for example, air, CO2, nitrogen, or a mixture of gases, and a shell, for example, a polymer shell. The base body of the pad can thus also contain the components of the shell.

[0039] In an alternative embodiment, the propellant used for production is a granular or powdered propellant.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the blowing agent is introduced during the production of the pad base body in an amount of at least 0.1 vol.%, more preferably at least 0.5 vol.%. In a preferred embodiment, the blowing agent is introduced during the production of the pad base body in an amount of at most 8 vol.%, more preferably at most 5 vol.%.

[0041] The amount of propellant can have a beneficial effect on the density and thus the weight of the pad.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the pad base body has bubbles with a size of at least 30 pm. In a preferred embodiment, the pad base body has bubbles with a size of at most 300 pm. In a preferred embodiment, the pad base body has bubbles with a size of at least 35 pm. In a preferred embodiment, the pad base body has bubbles with a size of at most 275 pm. In a preferred embodiment, the pad base body has bubbles with a size of at least 40 pm. In a preferred embodiment, the pad base body has bubbles with a size of at most 250 pm.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the pad base body has bubbles ranging in size from 30 pm to 300 pm. In a preferred embodiment, the pad base body has bubbles ranging in size from 35 pm to 275 pm. In a preferred embodiment, the pad base body has bubbles ranging in size from 40 pm to 250 pm.

[0044] The pad base is preferably a solidified foam. The foam structure can be closed-cell and / or open-cell. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the cell density can be influenced by the choice of blowing agent. With a physical blowing agent, the foam structure is more likely to be closed-cell. With a chemical blowing agent, the foam structure is more likely to be open-cell.

[0045] The pad base body may contain, especially in small quantities, additives from the manufacturing process, such as polymers, oils and waxes.

[0046] The pad base body may contain polymers and / or oils and / or waxes. The pad base body may contain waxes in a weight proportion of up to 5 wt.%, in particular up to 2 wt.%.

[0047] The pad base body may contain a dispersing oil, in particular in a weight proportion of 0.1 wt.% to 4 wt.%, preferably up to 2 wt.%.

[0048] The pad base body may contain a carrier material for the propellant, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), wax, and / or polybutylene. The pad base body may contain the carrier material in a proportion of no more than 10 wt.%, preferably no more than 5 wt.%, in particular no more than 4 wt.%.

[0049] The pad base body may contain ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), preferably in a proportion of at most 10 wt.%, preferably of at most 5 wt.%, in particular of at most 3.5 wt.%.

[0050] According to the invention, the pad base body has a hardness of at least 20 Shore OO and at most 45 Shore OO. Preferably, the pad base body has a hardness of at least 23 Shore OO and at most 45 Shore OO. Preferably, the pad base body has a hardness of at least 23 Shore OO. Preferably, the pad base body has a hardness of at least 25 Shore 00 and at most 45 Shore 00. Preferably, the pad base body has a hardness of at least 25 Shore 00. Preferably, the

[0051] Pelotte base body has a hardness of at least 26 Shore 00. Preferably, the

[0052] Pelotte base body has a hardness of at least 27 Shore 00. Preferably, the

[0053] Pelotte base body has a hardness of at least 28 Shore 00. Preferably, the

[0054] Pelotte base body has a hardness of maximum 44 Shore 00. Preferably, the

[0055] Pelotte base body has a hardness of maximum 43 Shore 00. Preferably, the

[0056] Pelotte base body has a hardness of maximum 42 Shore 00. Preferably, the

[0057] The pad base body has a hardness of maximum 34 Shore 00.

[0058] The pad base body preferably has a hardness of at least 27 Shore 00 and at most 37 Shore 00. The pad base body preferably has a hardness of at least 28 Shore 00 and at most 34 Shore 00.

[0059] According to the invention, the pad base body has a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3 According to the invention, the pad base body preferably has a density of at least 0.5 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3 According to the invention, the pad base body preferably has a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.7 g / cm 3According to the invention, the pad base body preferably has a density of at least 0.5 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.7 g / cm 3 on.

[0060] Advantageously, pads can be provided that exhibit a suitable or desired viscoelasticity. Viscoelasticity is the time-, temperature-, and frequency-dependent elasticity of polymer melts or solids (plastics). Viscoelasticity is characterized by partially elastic, partially viscous behavior. Viscoelastic materials exhibit both a measurable storage modulus and a measurable loss modulus. If the storage modulus is greater than the loss modulus, they are referred to as solids; otherwise, they are referred to as liquids. The base pads can also be considered viscoelastic materials by specifying their storage and loss moduli, G ' and G", or their loss factor tan delta = G " / G '.

[0061] The pad base body preferably has a storage modulus of at least 0.15 MPa in a temperature range from 18°C ​​to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a storage modulus of at least 0.20 MPa in a temperature range from 18°C ​​to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a storage modulus of 0 to at most 0.5 MPa in a temperature range from 18°C ​​to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a storage modulus of at most 0.4 MPa in a temperature range from 18°C ​​to 40°C.

[0062] The pad base body preferably has a storage modulus of at least 0.15 MPa and at most 0.5 MPa in a temperature range from 18°C ​​to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a storage modulus of at least 0.15 MPa and at most 0.35 MPa in a temperature range from 18°C ​​to 40°C.

[0063] The pad base body preferably has a loss modulus of at least 0.013 MPa in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a loss modulus of at least 0.015 MPa in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a loss modulus of at least 0.020 MPa in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a loss modulus of at most 0.03 MPa in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a loss modulus of at most 0.027 MPa in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a loss modulus of at least 0.015 MPa and at most 0.03 MPa in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a loss modulus of at least 0.015 MPa and at most 0.03 MPa in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C.Preferably, the pad base body has a loss modulus of at least 0.013 MPa and at most 0.026 MPa in a temperature range of 10°C to 40°C.

[0064] The pad base body preferably has a loss factor tan delta of at least 0.05 in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a loss factor tan delta of at least 0.10 in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a loss factor tan delta of at most 0.25 in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a loss factor tan delta of at most 0.20 in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. The pad base body preferably has a loss factor tan delta of at least 0.05 and at most 0.25 in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. Preferably, the pad base body has a loss factor tan delta of at least 0.075 and at most 0.17 in a temperature range from 10°C to 40°C. Suitable rheological methods for measuring storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor are known to those skilled in the art.A measurement with the test parameters 1 Hz, 25 °C, and 10 pm is preferred. DIN EN ISO 6721-1 2 can be used for the selection of the measurement parameters.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, a casing and / or at least one active element are assigned to the pad base body. Suitable casings, for example made of fabric or plastic, are known to those skilled in the art. Casings such as those used for conventional pads can be used here. Suitable active elements, for example pressure and / or massage elements, are known to those skilled in the art. Active elements such as those used for conventional pads can be used here. Such elements are described, for example, in EP 0 496 071 A1 or DE 10 2019 212 740 B3. The pad according to the invention has the advantage that it can be used like a conventional pad or can replace one.

[0066] In the context of the present invention, a pad is understood to mean not only an orthopaedic pad or a sports pad but also a cushion or padding which is particularly associated with an orthopaedic aid or sports aid and which is used, for example, to exert pressure or for padding.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the pad is a knee pad, an ankle pad, a back pad, an elbow pad, a pad for the arm area, or a pad for the abdominal area. Suitable shapes and configurations are known to those skilled in the art.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, the pad is not a shoe insole, foot insole or shoe sole.

[0069] The present invention also relates to an orthopaedic aid or sports aid comprising a pad according to the invention.

[0070] The preferred orthopedic aid or sports aid is an orthosis or bandage.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, the orthosis or support is a knee orthosis or knee support, an ankle orthosis or support, a back orthosis or support, an elbow orthosis or support, an orthosis or support for the arm area, or an orthosis or support for the abdominal area. Preferably, the orthosis is an elastic knitted orthosis or the support is an elastic knitted bandage.

[0072] Further preferred objects of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the auxiliary claims.

[0073] The invention is described in more detail with reference to the following example, without the embodiments of the invention presented therein being understood as limiting.

[0074] Example

[0075] Production of a pad made of styrene block copolymers, for example styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) and / or styrene-ethyl ene-butyl lene-styrene (SEBS):

[0076] The starting material used is:

[0077] The base material used is a styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) and / or styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) as a gel-like mixture with a white oil in a weight proportion of 94% to 99.8%, for example a gel from Hexpol® such as Dryfl ex Gel, i.e. an SEBS-oil mixture consisting of approx. 10% SEBS and 90% medical white oil, as well as excipients.

[0078] Oil, for example dispersing oil in a weight proportion of 0.1% to 2%.

[0079] Blowing agent microspheres (5pm - 40 pm) in a weight fraction of 0.1% to 4%, for example Expancel® DU (951 DU 120) from Hoesch®.

[0080] In a process known to those skilled in the art, microspheres of a specific size are drummed onto the base material to be foamed using a dispersing oil. The surface of the granules of the base material is first wetted with a dispersing oil, and then the microspheres are powdered at a concentration of 0.1-4%. The oil-wetted surface of the granules causes the microspheres to adhere to the base material, creating coated granules.

[0081] During dispensing on an injection molding machine, the base material with the drum-mounted blowing agent is drawn into the cylinder via the screw, where it is melted and mixed. During dispensing and melting (160°C-230°C), the activation temperature (80°C-140°C) of the microspheres is exceeded, causing them to expand. The base material with drum-mounted blowing agent is converted into a melt-foam phase in the injector. The screw is then retracted slightly to allow the melt foam to expand (foam expansion factor: 5%-100%). The melt foam is then injection-molded into the mold cavity, creating the desired base body shape. The melt foam cools in the mold.

[0082] 40°C-20°C) and is then removed from the mold cavity. A pad base body in the desired shape with a hardness of approximately 30 to 35 Shore 00 and a density between 0.4 g / cm3 and 0.8 g / cm 3 receive.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Orthopaedic pad, comprising a foamed pad base body, characterized in that the pad base body is formed from thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as the base component, has a hardness of at least 20 Shore 00 and at most 45 Shore 00, a density of at least 0.4 g / cm 3 and not more than 0.8 g / cm 3 has a storage modulus of at least 0.15 MPa and at most 0.5 MPa in a temperature range of at least 18°C ​​and at most 40°C, a loss modulus of at least 0.015 MPa and at most 0.03 MPa in a temperature range of at least 10°C and at most 40°C and a loss factor tan delta of at least 0.05 and at most 0.25 in a temperature range of at least 10°C and at most 40°C.

2. Pad according to claim 1, wherein the pad base body has bubbles in a size of 30 pm to 300 pm.

3. Pad according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is selected from the group consisting of styrene block copolymers (TPS), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV), thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPA), thermoplastic copolyester elastomers (TPC) and mixtures thereof.

4. Pad according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is at least one styrene block copolymer (TPS).

5. Pad according to claim 4, wherein the styrene block copolymer (TPS) is formed on the basis of styrene / butadiene-styrene (SBS) and / or styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS).

6. Pad according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pad base body is formed by introducing a propellant.

7. Pad according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pad base body has bubbles in a size of 40 pm to 250 pm.

8. Pelotte according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a casing and / or at least one active element are assigned to the pelotte base body.

9. A pad according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pad is not a shoe insole or shoe sole.

10. An orthopedic aid or sports aid comprising a pad according to one of the preceding claims.

11. An orthopedic aid according to claim 10, wherein the orthopedic aid or the sports aid is an orthosis or bandage.

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