Casting mould and method for casting at least one cast part, and cast part

Abstract

The invention relates to a casting mould (1) for casting at least one cast part (18), in particular an at least substantially rotationally symmetrical cast part, in particular a brake disc (18) and / or brake drum, from a metal melt (S) with at least one mould cavity (5) describing the cast part (18) to be cast and at least one mould part (2, 3, 4) delimiting the mould cavity (5) at least in some portions. To enable the material properties of cast parts to be locally adjusted in a more time- and cost-saving manner, at least one structure-modifying means (11, 12) arranged at least in some portions in the mould cavity (5) and / or at least in some portions adjacent to the mould cavity (5) is provided in order to modify the structure of the cast part (18), in particular to form at least one intermetallic and / or intermediary phase, preferably at least partially by way of diffusion.

Description

[0001] Casting mold and method for casting at least one casting and casting

[0002] The invention relates to a casting mold for casting at least one, in particular at least substantially rotationally symmetrical, cast part, in particular a brake disc and / or brake drum, from a molten metal, having at least one mold cavity representing the cast part to be cast and at least one mold part delimiting the mold cavity at least in sections. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for casting at least one cast part from a molten metal using at least one casting mold, as well as to a cast part produced by such a method.

[0003] Casting molds for casting cast parts from molten metal are available in various designs. These molds typically have a mold cavity that represents the casting to be cast. During the casting process, the molten metal is fed into the mold cavity, where it then typically solidifies to form the casting. Casting molds with two or more mold cavities are also known, each representing a casting to be cast. This allows multiple castings to be cast in parallel using one mold.

[0004] Regardless of the number of mold cavities, casting molds typically have at least one mold part that at least partially delimits the at least one mold cavity. Frequently, several mold parts are provided that jointly delimit the mold cavity. Various types of mold parts are known. For example, so-called permanent mold parts are known, which are retained during and after casting and can thus be used repeatedly for castings. Permanent mold parts are often made at least substantially from a metallic and / or ceramic material. So-called lost mold parts are also known, which are made at least substantially from molding sand. Lost mold parts are typically destroyed during or after casting and can therefore usually only be used for one casting.

[0005] In practice, cast parts are often required to have certain material properties locally, for example on the surface, such as high wear and / or corrosion resistance. For example, brake discs and brake drums, particularly for motor vehicles, are regularly required to be particularly wear-resistant in the area of ​​their braking surfaces in order to ensure not only a long service life but also low particulate matter emissions. The latter is becoming increasingly important, particularly in light of increasingly strict legislative frameworks. In addition, there are increasingly frequent requirements for the braking surfaces of brake discs and brake drums to be highly corrosion-resistant. This applies in particular to brake discs and drums in electric vehicles, where a large proportion of the braking processes are often carried out purely electrically through recuperation of the braking energy. This is why the brake discs and drums are particularly suitable for vehicles with a high level of wear resistance.-drums are subjected to significantly less stress than in conventionally powered vehicles and therefore corrosion occurs more frequently in the area of ​​the braking surfaces.

[0006] Various methods are known in the art for locally influencing the material properties of metal products. For example, castings can be coated using deposition welding and / or electroplating. In addition, it is known for steel sheets to enrich the near-surface areas of the sheet with metals such as aluminum, chromium, or vanadium through thermochemical treatments in order to increase corrosion resistance in specific areas. This process is known as aluminizing, inchromizing, and vanadizing. However, these processes are time-consuming and costly.

[0007] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to design and further develop the casting mold, the method and the casting of the type mentioned at the outset and described in more detail above in such a way that the material properties of castings can be adjusted locally in a more time-saving and cost-effective manner.

[0008] This object is achieved in a casting mold according to the preamble of claim 1 in that at least one structure-changing means is provided, which is arranged at least partially in the mold cavity and / or at least partially adjacent to the mold cavity, for changing the structure of the casting, in particular for forming at least one intermetallic and / or intermediate phase, preferably at least partially by diffusion.

[0009] The stated object is also achieved according to claim 13 by a method for casting at least one, in particular at least substantially rotationally symmetrical, casting, in particular a brake disc and / or brake drum, from a molten metal by means of at least one casting mold having at least one mold cavity, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 12, in which at least one microstructure-changing agent is arranged at least in sections in the mold cavity and / or at least in sections adjacent to the mold cavity, in which the molten metal is supplied to the mold cavity and in which a change in the microstructure of the casting, in particular the formation of at least one intermetallic and / or intermediate phase, is brought about in regions by means of the at least one microstructure-changing agent arranged at least in sections in and / or adjacent to the mold cavity, in particular at least partially by diffusion.Furthermore, the above-mentioned object is achieved according to claim 18 by a cast part, in particular a brake disc or brake drum, produced by a method according to one of claims 13 to 17.

[0010] For the sake of clarity and to avoid unnecessary repetition, the casting mold, the method, and the casting are described jointly below, without distinguishing between the casting mold, the method, and the casting. However, the skilled person will be able to determine from the context which feature is preferred with regard to the casting mold, the method, and / or the casting.

[0011] With the at least one structure-modifying agent arranged at least partially in the mold cavity and / or adjacent to the mold cavity, a change in the structure of the casting can be achieved in a simple and time-saving manner during the pouring of the molten metal into the mold cavity and / or during the solidification of the molten metal in the mold cavity to form the casting, and thus the material properties in the relevant region of the casting can be influenced. Time-consuming and cost-intensive post-processing of the solidified casting to locally influence the material properties is therefore not necessary, even if this should not be ruled out in principle. For example, with the at least one structure-modifying agent, a higher corrosion resistance and / or higher hardness and thus higher wear resistance of the casting can be achieved in certain regions.

[0012] The change in the microstructure of the casting can be achieved simply and expediently by diffusion between the at least one microstructure-modifying agent and the molten metal. In this case, constituents of the at least one microstructure-modifying agent, in particular, diffuse into the molten metal and / or vice versa, thus contributing to the microstructure change of the casting. Fundamentally independent of such diffusion, the change in the microstructure of the casting can expediently comprise the formation of one or more intermetallic phases and / or one or more intermediate phases. Intermetallic and intermediate phases can be particularly hard and, moreover, chemically quite resistant. An intermetallic phase is understood, in particular, to be a compound of at least two metals.An intermediate phase is preferably understood to be a compound of at least one metal and one non-metal, such as cementite (Fe3C), the formation of which may be advantageous due to its high hardness.

[0013] In principle, it may be sufficient for the casting mold to have only one structure-modifying agent. Preferably, however, several structure-modifying agents are provided. For example, a structure change can be easily effected in different, particularly separate, regions of the casting. Regardless of the number, the at least one structure-modifying agent can, in principle, only be arranged in sections within the mold cavity and / or adjacent to the mold cavity. However, it is preferred if the at least one structure-modifying agent is arranged at least substantially within the mold cavity and / or adjacent to the mold cavity.

[0014] The casting mold can have one or more mold parts. Particularly in the case of castings whose geometric design is subject to stringent requirements, it can be advantageous for the casting mold to have at least two, preferably at least three, mold parts. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one mold part can comprise, for example, at least one upper mold part, at least one lower mold part and / or at least one mold core. The lower mold part can delimit the mold cavity at least in sections at the bottom and / or the upper mold part can delimit the mold cavity at least in sections at the top. The mold core can in particular be provided to form a cavity, an undercut and / or an undercut in and / or on the casting. The arrangement of the at least one structure-modifying agent in and / or adjacent to the mold cavity can, for example, take place after the mold cavity has been formed.However, it is particularly simple and time-saving if the arrangement of the at least one structure-modifying agent, at least in sections, in and / or adjacent to the mold cavity and the formation of the mold cavity take place at least partially simultaneously. Then, for example, the at least one structure-modifying agent can first be arranged on at least one of at least two mold parts, and then the at least two mold parts can be arranged relative to one another in such a way that they delimit the mold cavity.

[0015] The molten metal can expediently be fed into the mold cavity after the at least one structure-modifying agent has been arranged in and / or adjacent to the mold cavity. Then, as a result of the feeding of the molten metal into the mold cavity, the at least one structure-modifying agent can be at least partially, preferably at least substantially, encased in the molten metal. Irrespective of this, the structural change of the casting can expediently be effected at least partially during the feeding of the molten metal into the mold cavity and / or during the solidification of the molten metal into the casting.

[0016] The molten metal can preferably be a cast iron melt. Cast iron is particularly suitable for the production of brake discs and brake drums, for example. Grey cast iron is particularly suitable for this purpose.

[0017] The cast part can, in particular, be a component for a brake, preferably a motor vehicle brake, in particular a passenger car brake and / or commercial vehicle brake. Such cast parts typically have to meet high requirements in practice, so the advantages of the invention are particularly evident. This applies in particular to the brake discs of disc brakes and the brake drums of drum brakes. As an alternative or in addition to a design as a brake component, it may also be appropriate, given the above-mentioned background, for the cast part to be at least substantially rotationally symmetrical.

[0018] In a first particularly preferred embodiment of the casting mold, the at least one structure-modifying agent comprises at least one structure-modifying coating that is applied to at least one molded part section of the at least one molded part. With a corresponding coating, a structure change can be brought about in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner in areas of the casting close to the surface. The at least one coating can be in powder form, for example. However, it is particularly expedient if the at least one coating is a wash that can be applied to the molded part in liquid or pasty form. Irrespective of this, it is fundamentally conceivable for the at least one coating to be applied not only to a molded part section of the at least one molded part, but to at least substantially the entire surface of the at least one molded part that bounds the mold cavity.In many cases, however, it is not only simple but also expedient if the surface of the at least one molded part delimiting the mold cavity is provided with the at least one coating only in sections.

[0019] Alternatively or in addition to a coating, the at least one structure-changing means can comprise at least one structure-changing insert. Although an insert is more complex than a coating, it enables structure changes in regions of the casting that are further away from the at least one molded part. Against this background, it can also be advantageous if the at least one insert is spaced at least partially, in particular at least substantially over the entire extent of the insert, from the at least one molded part, in particular from all molded parts of the casting mold. In order to hold the insert in the intended position, the at least one insert can be supported on the molded part via one or more support elements, for example in the form of so-called core supports.Regardless of any spacing from the molded part, the at least one insert can be fastened to the molded part, preferably in a form-fitting and / or material-fitting manner. In this way, the insert can be easily fixed in the intended position in the mold cavity, thus preventing undesired positional changes due to the forces exerted by the molten metal during the casting process. Alternatively or in addition to being fastened to the molded part, the at least one insert can be simply and conveniently inserted into the mold cavity. However, this is not absolutely necessary. The at least one insert can, for example, also be inserted into the mold cavity or introduced into the mold cavity in some other way.

[0020] For the sake of simplicity, the at least one insert can be formed at least substantially from a microstructure-modifying material for modifying the microstructure of the cast part. Alternatively, however, it may also be expedient for the at least one insert to have a base body to which a coating of a microstructure-modifying material for modifying the microstructure of the cast part is applied. In this case, the material of the base body and the material of the coating can be different, so that the materials can be adapted to different requirements. Irrespective of this, the coating can be applied to the base body simply and expediently, for example, by chrome plating, nickel plating, and / or plating.

[0021] Regardless of whether it is designed as a coating or insert, the at least one microstructure-modifying agent, in particular the microstructure-modifying material, can contain one or more metals. This can be useful with regard to the formation of intermetallic phases and / or intermediate phases, in particular carbides, in the casting, which are often particularly hard and also very chemically resistant. Suitable metals in this case are chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), bismuth (Bi) and / or tellurium (Te). Chromium and aluminum can contribute to high corrosion and wear resistance and are therefore particularly preferred. Chromium can also promote the formation of cementite (Fe3C), which is very hard and can therefore contribute to high wear resistance. Corrosion resistance can also be increased with vanadium, nickel and zinc.Bismuth and tellurium promote the whitening of cast iron, which can result in a very hard microstructure. Alternatively or additionally, for the reasons stated above, it may also be appropriate for the at least one microstructure-modifying agent, in particular the microstructure-modifying material, to contain one or more metal salts. In this case, the at least one metal salt can expediently comprise at least one chromium salt, aluminum salt, nickel salt, vanadium salt, zinc salt, bismuth salt, and / or tellurium salt. Independently of at least one metal salt, the at least one microstructure-modifying agent, in particular the microstructure-modifying material, can contain one or more carbide formers. The formation of carbides such as cementite (Fe3C) can increase the wear resistance of the casting. Possible carbide formers include, for example, chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), boron (B), tellurium (Te), arsenic (As), and / or magnesium (Mg).For the above reasons, it may be appropriate if the at least one structure-modifying agent, in particular the structure-modifying material, contains, based on its total weight, at least 1 wt. %, if necessary at least 5 wt. %, preferably at least 10 wt. %, in particular at least 15 wt. %, of chromium, aluminum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, bismuth, tellurium, molybdenum, manganese, boron, arsenic and / or magnesium. For the above reasons, a corresponding proportion of chromium is particularly preferred. Alternatively or additionally, a broad effect can be achieved if the at least one structure-modifying agent, in particular the structure-modifying material, contains not just one metal, one metal salt and / or one carbide former, but several, for example at least two, preferably at least three, in particular at least four, different metals, metal salts and / or carbide formers.Irrespective of this, the at least one metal, the at least one metal salt, and / or the at least one carbide former in the at least one coating can simply and conveniently be present in powder form. For the same reason, the at least one insert can be alloyed with the at least one metal and / or the at least one carbide former.

[0022] Regardless of its composition, the at least one structure-modifying agent, in particular the at least one insert, can have at least one through-opening. This allows the molten metal to flow through the structure-modifying agent, which can be advantageous with regard to filling the mold cavity with the molten metal. In addition, a through-opening can increase the specific surface area of ​​the structure-modifying agent, which can be advantageous, for example, with regard to intensive diffusion between the structure-modifying agent and the molten metal and thus a pronounced structural change in the casting. For these reasons, it can be particularly suitable if the at least one structure-modifying agent has a plurality, preferably a multiplicity, of through-openings.For example, the at least one structure-changing agent can have at least 10, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40 or at least 50 through-openings. Regardless of the number, it can be advantageous not only with regard to good mold filling, but also with regard to a uniform structural change in the casting if the through-openings are distributed at least substantially uniformly over a surface of the structure-changing agent, in particular the insert. For the sake of simplicity, the at least one through-opening can be punched into the structure-changing agent. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one through-opening can, for example, have a round (e.g. circular), angular (e.g. square or diamond-shaped) or patterned (e.g. heart-shaped or arrow-shaped) cross-section. Different opening shapes can produce different patterns on the surface of the casting.This can increase the value of the casting.

[0023] To ensure unhindered flow of the molten metal through the at least one through-opening, it may be advantageous if the ratio of the minimum width of the at least one through-opening to its length is at least 0.5. This prevents the molten metal from solidifying over a substantial portion of the cross-section of the through-opening due to the cooling effect of the microstructure-modifying agent during casting, thus interrupting the flow of the molten metal through the through-opening. For the same reason, it may be particularly advantageous if the ratio of the minimum width to the length of the at least one through-opening is at least 1, preferably at least 2.Alternatively or additionally, in view of the above, it may also be appropriate if the ratio of the minimum width of the at least one through-opening to the thickness of the structure-changing agent in the region of the through-opening is at least 0.5, preferably at least 1, in particular at least 2. Irrespective of the ratio of the width of the through-opening to its length or to the thickness of the structure-changing agent, it may be expedient if the minimum width, in particular the maximum width, of the at least one through-opening is at most 30 mm, preferably at most 20 mm, in particular at most 15 mm. Alternatively or additionally, it may be appropriate if the minimum width of the at least one through-opening is at least 5 mm. In this way, it can be achieved that no structural change is brought about in the casting in the region around the center of the through-opening.This can be useful, for example, to create a bore in the corresponding area of ​​the casting, for example to produce a perforated brake disc. Against this background, a minimum width of the at least one through-opening of at least 8 mm, preferably at least 10 mm, can be particularly suitable. In order to achieve a uniform structural change in the casting without significantly weakening or even interrupting the structural change in the area of ​​the through-opening, it can alternatively be useful if the minimum width of the at least one through-opening is at most 5 mm. A uniform structural change in the area of ​​the through-opening can be achieved particularly reliably if the minimum width of the at least one through-opening is at most 3 mm, preferably at most 2 mm.For the same reason, it may also be appropriate, alternatively or additionally, for the maximum width of at least one through-opening to be correspondingly large. In principle, the minimum width of a through-opening refers in particular to the smallest cross-sectional extent of the through-opening. The maximum width of a through-opening refers in particular to the largest cross-sectional extent of the through-opening. The length of a through-opening is preferably understood to mean the extent of the through-opening perpendicular to a cross-section of the through-opening.

[0024] With regard to a large specific surface area and good flow, it may also be advantageous if the at least one structure-modifying agent, in particular the at least one structure-modifying insert, has an open area of ​​at least 5% based on the total area of ​​the structure-modifying agent, in particular the insert. For the reasons mentioned, it is particularly preferred if the proportion of the open area is at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 50%, of the total area of ​​the structure-modifying agent, in particular the insert.To ensure that the structure-modifying agent contains sufficient material for the desired structure change, the proportion of the open area can alternatively or additionally be at most 90%, preferably at most 85%, in particular at most 80%, of the total area of ​​the structure-modifying agent, in particular of the insert. The at least one open area does not necessarily have to be continuous. Rather, the open area can preferably be formed by many separate open partial areas. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one open area can expediently be formed by the at least one through-opening.The open area of ​​a structure-modifying agent preferably refers to the area that, when projected onto a projection plane, in particular parallel to the structure-modifying agent, is free from the projection and is at least partially, in particular at least substantially, bounded by the projection. The total area of ​​a structure-modifying agent preferably refers to the total area of ​​the projection of the structure-modifying agent onto a projection plane, in particular parallel to the structure-modifying agent, in particular the aforementioned projection plane.

[0025] With regard to a simple and at the same time expedient design, it may be advisable if the at least one structure-changing means, in particular the at least one insert, is designed to be at least substantially flat, at least in sections. In this case, at least one section of the structure-changing means, in particular of the insert, can extend at least substantially in one plane, wherein the at least one section can expediently be the section arranged in the mold cavity and / or adjacent to the mold cavity. Irrespective of this, it can be particularly simple if the at least one structure-changing means, in particular insert, is designed to be at least substantially flat, not only in sections, but at least substantially overall.

[0026] Alternatively or in addition to a flat design, the at least one structure-changing agent, in particular the at least one insert, can have at least one elevation and / or depression. In this way, the spread of the structure change of the casting can be influenced locally. In addition, an elevation and / or depression of the structure-changing agent can create a pattern on the surface of the casting, which can have a positive effect on the value of the casting. For these reasons, it can be particularly useful if the at least one structure-changing agent has not just one, but a plurality, preferably a multiplicity, of elevations and / or depressions. For example, the at least one structure-changing agent can have at least 10, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40 or at least 50 elevations or depressions.Irrespective of this, the elevations and / or depressions can expediently be arranged at least substantially uniformly distributed over a surface of the structure-modifying agent. With regard to simple production, it may be appropriate if the at least one elevation and / or depression is molded into the structure-modifying agent, for example by embossing. Alternatively or additionally, it may also be appropriate for the same reason if the at least one elevation is arranged opposite the at least one depression. If a plurality of elevations and depressions are provided, the elevations can each be arranged opposite one of the depressions and / or the depressions can each be arranged opposite one of the elevations.Regardless of an opposing arrangement, it may also be advantageous for ease of manufacture if the at least one elevation is formed adjacent to, preferably circumferentially around, the at least one through-opening and / or the at least one recess is formed by the at least one through-opening. Then, the at least one elevation and / or recess and the at least one through-opening can be manufactured together in a simple manner, for example in the form of a stamped perforation.

[0027] In order to avoid complete melting and detachment of parts of the structure-changing agent as a result of the heat input caused by the molten metal, it may be advisable for the at least one structure-changing agent to have a thickness of at least 0.2 mm. In this way, it can be ensured, particularly with the at least one insert, that the resulting structure change is brought about in the region of the casting intended for this purpose. Against this background, it is particularly preferred if the thickness is at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 1 mm. Irrespective of this, it may be expedient if the at least one structure-changing agent, in particular the at least one insert, has a thickness of at most 10 mm, preferably at most 5 mm. A thickness of at most 3 mm, preferably at most 2 mm, can be particularly expedient.Alternatively or additionally, for the reasons mentioned, it may also be appropriate if the at least one structure-changing means, in particular the at least one insert, has a corresponding minimum and / or maximum thickness not only in sections but at least substantially throughout.

[0028] The at least one coating can expediently have a thickness of at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.08 mm, in particular at least 0.1 mm, in particular at least substantially continuously. Alternatively or additionally, for the sake of simplicity, the at least one coating can have a thickness of at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm, in particular at most 0.5 mm, in particular at least substantially continuously.

[0029] The at least one structure-modifying agent, in particular the at least one insert, can simply and expediently be a metal product. Then, for the same reason, the metal product can be formed at least substantially from metal. Irrespective of this, it may be particularly suitable, given the above-mentioned background, for the metal product to be a sheet, perforated sheet, metal mesh, metal grid, and / or expanded metal. Perforated sheets, metal mesh, metal grid, and / or expanded metal also typically have a high specific surface area, which can be advantageous, for example, with regard to intensive diffusion between the structure-modifying agent and the molten metal.

[0030] Regardless of the design of the structure-changing agent, when the casting is designed as a brake disc or brake drum, it may be appropriate if the at least one structure-changing agent is arranged at least partially, preferably at least substantially, in the region of at least one braking surface, in particular the brake track, of the brake disc or brake drum to be cast. In this way, a structure change can be easily created in the region of the braking surface or brake track, where particularly high demands are typically placed on the material properties of the casting. For the same reason, when the at least one structure-changing agent is designed as a coating, it may be particularly appropriate if the at least one molded part section of the molded part provided with the coating delimits the mold cavity in the region of the braking surface, in particular the brake track, of the brake disc or brake drum to be cast.Regardless, a braking surface of the brake disc or brake drum preferably refers to a surface intended to be in frictional contact with a brake pad of the associated brake during a braking operation. A braking track preferably refers to the section of the braking surface along which the brake pad rubs against the braking surface during the braking operation.

[0031] The at least one molded part is preferably formed at least substantially from core sand. Core sand has greater strength than green sand and is therefore particularly suitable for arranging the at least one structure-modifying agent thereon. This applies even more so to the application of the at least one structure-modifying coating. The core sand can be bound, for example, using an organic or inorganic binder. A synthetic resin binder, for example, is a suitable organic binder. If the casting mold has multiple molded parts, it may be suitable, alternatively or additionally, for all molded parts of the casting mold to be formed at least substantially from core sand for the reasons mentioned.

[0032] In order to cast rotationally symmetrical castings with the casting mold, the mold cavity can be designed to be at least substantially rotationally symmetrical to a rotational symmetry axis. In practice, rotationally symmetrical castings often have high demands on their material properties, which is why the advantages of the invention are particularly evident in such castings.

[0033] To allow the molten metal to flow into the mold cavity, the mold cavity can expediently have at least one inlet opening. It may then be further advantageous if the projection of the inlet opening onto a projection plane perpendicular to the rotational symmetry axis of the mold cavity is arranged at least substantially centrally to the projection of the mold cavity onto the projection plane. A correspondingly central arrangement of the inlet opening can contribute to a rotationally symmetrical filling of the mold cavity with the molten metal. This can prevent uncontrolled flows of the molten metal in the mold cavity and thus impairments of the desired local structural change of the casting. Against the same background, it may also be advantageous, alternatively or additionally, for the inlet opening to be designed at least substantially rotationally symmetrically to the rotational symmetry axis of the mold cavity.Then, for example, for the sake of simplicity, the inlet opening can be designed to be at least substantially annular around the rotational symmetry axis of the mold cavity. Irrespective of a central arrangement and / or rotationally symmetrical design, the inlet opening can be arranged at least partially, preferably at least substantially, in the region of the lower or upper edge of the mold cavity. This can contribute to good mold filling and thus high workpiece quality, with an arrangement in the region of the lower edge of the mold cavity enabling particularly smooth mold filling and thus particularly high workpiece quality. For the same reasons, it may also be appropriate for the inlet opening to be adjacent to the lower or upper edge of the mold cavity and / or to form the lower or upper edge of the mold cavity at least in section.

[0034] In order to feed the molten metal to the mold cavity, the casting mold can expediently have at least one feed channel that is in fluid communication with the mold cavity. For the sake of simplicity, the feed channel can then be formed at least partially in the at least one mold part. For the same reason, the feed channel can alternatively or additionally be in fluid communication with the mold cavity via the inlet opening. Irrespective of this, it can be advantageous for the feed channel to extend at least partially, preferably at least in the section adjacent to the mold cavity, at least substantially along the rotational symmetry axis of the mold cavity. This can be advantageous in order to feed the molten metal to the mold cavity in a simple manner in the region of the rotational symmetry axis.

[0035] In a first particularly preferred embodiment of the method, the at least one structure-modifying agent, in particular an insert, is partially melted. This can contribute to the desired structural change of the casting. The partial melting can take place simply and expediently after the structure-modifying agent has been arranged in and / or adjacent to the mold cavity. For the same reason, it can then also be appropriate if the partial melting of the at least one structure-modifying agent is brought about at least substantially by the heat input acting on the structure-modifying agent by the molten metal. Partial melting of a structure-modifying agent is preferably understood to mean that the structure-modifying agent is melted in sections and remains in a non-melted, in particular solid, state in sections.By not completely melting the at least one structural-changing agent, it can be ensured, particularly in the case of the at least one insert, that the resulting structural change is effected in the region of the casting intended for this purpose.

[0036] Regardless of the melting of the microstructure-modifying agent, it may be appropriate for the casting mold and / or the at least one microstructure-modifying agent to be moved in an oscillating manner. In this way, a relative movement between the molten metal located in the mold cavity and the at least one microstructure-modifying agent can be achieved. This, in turn, can enlarge the area of ​​the casting in which the microstructure change is effected and / or even out the resulting microstructure change. Against this background, it is expedient if the oscillating movement of the casting mold and / or the casting part takes place at least partially during and / or after the molten metal is fed into the mold cavity.Alternatively or additionally, it is suitable for the same reason if, during the oscillating movement of the casting mold and / or the at least one structure-modifying agent, the molten metal in the mold cavity is at least partially, preferably at least substantially, (still) flowable. Irrespective of this, for the sake of simplicity, the at least one structure-modifying agent can be moved in an oscillating manner by the oscillating movement of the casting mold.

[0037] The at least one oscillating movement of the casting mold and / or of the at least one structure-changing agent can, for example, comprise at least one translational oscillating movement. The at least one translational oscillating movement can, for example, occur at least substantially along a movement axis, which can, for example, be a rotational symmetry axis of the mold cavity. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one translational oscillating movement can occur at least substantially circularly around a movement axis, which can, for example, be arranged at least substantially parallel to a rotational symmetry axis of the mold cavity, in particular the aforementioned one. For example, a translational oscillating movement can occur both along a movement axis and circularly around a movement axis.Alternatively or in addition to the at least one translational oscillating movement, the at least one oscillating movement of the casting mold and / or of the at least one microstructure-changing means can comprise at least one rotational oscillating movement. The rotational oscillating movement can, for example, occur at least substantially around an axis of rotational symmetry of the mold cavity, in particular the aforementioned axis. With appropriate oscillating movements, the area of ​​the casting in which the microstructure change is effected can be enlarged in different directions and / or the microstructure change can be made uniform in different directions.

[0038] In order to effect the structural change over a relatively large area of ​​the casting and / or to uniform the structural change, it may be appropriate if the amplitude of the at least one oscillating movement of the casting mold and / or of the at least one structural-changing means is greater than 0.1 mm. For the same reason, it is particularly preferred if the amplitude is greater than 0.2 mm, preferably greater than 0.3 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the amplitude of the at least one oscillating movement of the casting mold and / or of the at least one structural-changing means can expediently be less than 10 mm. It may be particularly expedient if the amplitude is less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1 mm.This can also be useful with regard to the forces acting on the casting mould as a result of the oscillating movement, which is particularly relevant for lost casting moulds due to their lower stability compared to permanent moulds.

[0039] Regardless of the amplitude, the frequency of the at least one oscillating movement of the casting mold and / or of the at least one structure-changing agent can be at least 0.2 Hz. This ensures that, due to the inertial forces of the molten metal, a sufficient relative movement occurs between the molten metal and the at least one structure-changing agent. For the same reason, it may be all the more appropriate if the frequency is at least 0.5 Hz, preferably at least 1 Hz, in particular at least 2 Hz. Alternatively or additionally, the frequency of the at least one oscillating movement of the casting mold and / or of the at least one structure-changing agent can be at most 15,000 Hz, preferably at most 12,000 Hz, in particular at most 10,000 Hz. Corresponding frequencies can be realized with casting molds with high stability, such as permanent molds.Especially with less stable casting molds, such as lost molds, it can be all the more appropriate if the frequency is no more than 100 Hz. This way, the forces acting on the casting mold as a result of the oscillation can be kept low. Against this background, a frequency of no more than 50 Hz, preferably no more than 30 Hz, in particular no more than 10 Hz, is particularly preferred. In order to avoid uncontrolled flows of the molten metal that influence the desired structural change of the casting, it can be appropriate for the molten metal to spread in the mold cavity at least essentially rotationally symmetrical to a rotational symmetry axis of the mold cavity. For the sake of simplicity, the molten metal can then spread in the mold cavity in a radially outward direction relative to the rotational axis of the mold cavity.Regardless of rotationally symmetrical distribution, the molten metal can be fed into the mold cavity from above or below for the sake of simplicity. Alternatively or additionally, the molten metal can flow into the mold cavity near the lower edge or near the upper edge. This can contribute to good mold filling and thus high workpiece quality, with inflow near the lower edge also enabling very smooth mold filling and thus particularly high workpiece quality. Independently of this, the filling speed at which the mold cavity is filled with the molten metal can be expediently controlled. This can contribute to high workpiece quality and is particularly easy to achieve if the molten metal is fed into the mold cavity from below.

[0040] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing which merely represents an exemplary embodiment. In the drawing, each schematically shows

[0041] Fig. 1A-B a casting mold according to the invention and a detail of the casting mold each in a sectional view along a rotational symmetry axis of the casting mold,

[0042] Fig. 2A-D the casting mold from Fig. 1 in different states, each in the sectional view according to Fig. 1A-B, Fig. 3 a casting according to the invention, produced by a method according to the invention, in a sectional view along a rotational symmetry axis and

[0043] Fig. 4 shows a detail of a structure-changing means of the casting mold from Fig. 1 in the sectional view according to Fig. 1A-B.

[0044] Figs. 1A-B show a casting mold 1 in a sectional view along a rotational symmetry axis ASR of the casting mold 1. The illustrated and, in this respect, preferred casting mold 1 has three mold parts 2, 3, 4: a lower mold part 2, an upper mold part 3, and a mold core 4. The mold parts 2, 3, 4 are formed at least substantially from a resin-bonded core sand. The mold parts 2, 3, 4 together at least substantially define a mold cavity 5 that is at least substantially rotationally symmetrical to the rotational symmetry axis ASR.

[0045] The mold cavity 5 forms a cast part (not shown in Figs. 1A-B), which, in the illustrated and thus preferred embodiment, is an internally ventilated brake disc for a disc brake. The mold core 4 has a plurality of radially extending webs 6 distributed around the rotational symmetry axis ASR to form corresponding ventilation channels in the brake disc to be cast. As an alternative to a brake disc, the cast part to be cast could also be a brake drum for a drum brake.

[0046] In order to supply a molten metal S (not shown in Figs. 1A-B) to the mold cavity 5, the casting mold 1 has a supply channel 7, which in the present case is formed in sections in the upper mold part 3 and in sections in the mold core 4. In the illustrated and thus preferred embodiment, the supply channel 7 extends at least substantially over its entire length along the rotational symmetry axis ASR. The supply channel 7 opens into the mold cavity 5 via an inlet opening 8 that runs in a ring around the rotational symmetry axis ASR. The inlet opening 8 is arranged such that the projection of the inlet opening 8 is arranged perpendicular to an imaginary projection plane perpendicular to the rotational symmetry axis ASR, centrally to the projection of the mold cavity 5, perpendicular to the corresponding projection plane.In the illustrated and thus preferred embodiment, the inlet opening 8 also borders the lower edge 9 of the mold cavity 5. Alternatively, however, the inlet opening 8 could also be arranged in the region of the upper edge 10 of the mold cavity 5.

[0047] The illustrated and, in this respect, preferred casting mold 1 has a plurality of structure-modifying means 11, 12. In the present case, two of the structure-modifying means 11, 12 are designed as structure-modifying inserts 11, which extend in a circular ring around the rotational symmetry axis ASR in the region of opposite braking surfaces of the brake disc to be cast. The inserts 11 are flat perforated sheets 11. Alternatively, however, the inserts 11 could also be designed as metal mesh, metal grids, and / or expanded metal. The inserts 11 have a plurality of through-openings 13, in the present case circular, which are arranged at least substantially regularly distributed across the two opposite surfaces 14 of the associated insert 11. The through openings 13 of each insert 11 form an open area of ​​approximately 60% of the total area of ​​the respective insert 11.In the present case, the inserts 11 have a thickness dE of, for example, approximately 1.5 mm.

[0048] In the illustrated and thus preferred embodiment, the inserts 11 are alloyed with chromium, nickel, and vanadium. The chromium content of the inserts 11 is, for example, approximately 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the inserts 11. Alternatively or additionally, the inserts 11 could also be alloyed with nickel, zinc, bismuth, tellurium, molybdenum, manganese, boron, arsenic, and / or magnesium. In the present case, the inserts 11 are therefore formed at least substantially entirely from a microstructure-modifying material. Alternatively, the inserts 11 could also have a base body coated with a corresponding microstructure-modifying material.

[0049] In addition to the inserts 11, the structure-modifying agents 11, 12 in this case comprise two structure-modifying coatings 12, the thickness dU of which, for example, approximately 0.3 mm, is shown significantly enlarged for clarity. The coatings 12 are each applied to a mold section 15, 16 of the lower mold part 2 or the upper mold part 3. The mold sections 15, 16 provided with the coatings 12 extend in a circular ring around the rotational symmetry axis ASR in the region of the braking surfaces of the brake disc to be cast.

[0050] The coatings 12 contain chromium and aluminum powder. The coatings 12 also contain vanadium, zinc, and nickel, for example, also in powder form. Alternatively or additionally, the coatings could also contain bismuth, tellurium, molybdenum, manganese, boron, arsenic, and / or magnesium.

[0051] In Figs. 2A-D, the casting mold 1 is shown in different states, each in the sectional view according to Figs. 1A-B. In Fig. 2A, the casting mold 1 is shown in a disassembled state before casting, in which the mold parts 2, 3, 4 are arranged at a distance from one another. One of the insert parts 11 is inserted into the lower mold part 2 and the other of the insert parts 11 is inserted into the mold core 4. The coatings 12 can, for example, be applied in liquid or pasty form to the mold part sections 15, 16 of the lower mold part 2 and the upper mold part 3 and then dried.

[0052] To assemble the casting mold 1, the upper mold part 3 is placed on the mold core 4, and the mold core 4 is in turn placed on the lower mold part 2. In this process, the mold cavity 5 representing the brake disc to be cast is created, and at the same time, the inserts 11 are arranged in the mold cavity 5 and the coatings 12 are arranged adjacent to the mold cavity 5.

[0053] Fig. 2B shows the casting mold 1 in its assembled state prior to casting. In order to fill the mold cavity 5 with a molten metal S (not shown), the molten metal S is poured into a funnel-shaped sprue 17 of the feed channel 7 and then flows downward through the feed channel 7 in the direction of the inlet opening 8 of the mold cavity 5. In the present case, the molten metal S is therefore fed into the mold cavity 5 from above. Via the inlet opening 8, which runs annularly around the axis of rotational symmetry ASR, the molten metal S then flows into the mold cavity 5 in the region of the lower edge 9 of the mold cavity 5, so that the molten metal S spreads in the mold cavity 5 in a radial direction from the inside to the outside, at least substantially rotationally symmetrical to the axis of rotational symmetry ASR.

[0054] Fig. 2C shows the casting mold 1 during the feeding of the molten metal S, in this case made of gray cast iron, into the mold cavity 5. The mold cavity 5 is partially filled with the molten metal S. The insert 11 arranged on the lower mold part 2 and the coating 12 applied to the lower mold part 2 are in contact with the hot molten metal S. As a result, the metals contained in the coating 12, chromium, aluminum, vanadium, zinc, and nickel, diffuse into the molten metal S, resulting in the formation of intermetallic phases. The chromium and vanadium contained in the coating 12 also act as carbide formers and form carbides, such as cementite, with the carbon contained in the molten metal S. In this way, an increase in corrosion and wear resistance is achieved in the area of ​​the brake disc to be cast that is close to the surface and adjoins the mold section 15 of the lower mold part 2.Furthermore, the heat input caused by the molten metal S melts the insert 11 and dissolves the alloying elements contained in the insert 11, chromium, nickel, and vanadium, which thus also diffuse into the molten metal S and cause the formation of intermetallic phases and carbides. This also further distances the molded part section.

[0055] 15 of the lower mold part 2 results in a significant increase in the corrosion and wear resistance of the brake disc to be cast.

[0056] While the molten metal S is fed into the mold cavity 5, the casting mold 1 and, together with it, the structure-changing means 11, 12 can be moved in an oscillating manner in order to bring about a relative movement between the molten metal S and the structure-changing means 11, 12 and thus to even out the change in the structure of the brake disc to be cast caused by the structure-changing means 11, 12. The casting mold 1 can be moved in a straight-line, translational, oscillating manner along a first movement axis AB1, which in this case is the rotational symmetry axis ASR. At the same time, the casting mold 1 can also be moved in a rotational oscillating manner about the rotational symmetry axis ASR. Furthermore, the casting mold 1 can be moved in a circular, translational, oscillating manner about a second movement axis AB2, which in this case is arranged parallel to and spaced from the rotational symmetry axis ASR.For example, the amplitude of the oscillating movements can be approximately 0.5 mm and the frequency approximately 5 Hz.

[0057] Fig. 2D shows the casting mold 1 after the mold cavity 5 has been filled with the molten metal S. The molten metal S is at least substantially still flowable. The insert 11 assigned to the upper mold part 3 and the coating 12 applied to the upper mold part 3 are now also in contact with the hot molten metal S. As a result, essentially the same microstructure-changing processes take place there as previously described for Fig. 2C and the insert 11 and coating 12 assigned to the lower mold part 2. The casting mold 1 can also continue to be moved in a translational oscillation along the first movement axis AB1 and in a circle around the second movement axis AB2, as well as in a rotational oscillation around the first movement axis ABI. For example, after a predetermined period of time, the oscillating movement of the casting mold 1 can then be stopped.After the molten metal S located in the mold cavity 5 has solidified at least substantially to form the casting (not shown), the casting is finally demolded from the casting mold 1, for example by destroying the mold parts 2, 3, 4.

[0058] Fig. 3 shows the solidified and demolded casting 18 in a sectional view along the rotational symmetry axis ASR. Radially extending ventilation ducts 19, formed by the webs 6 of the mold core 4 of the casting mold 1, are arranged at regular intervals around the rotational symmetry axis ASR. On opposite end faces, the brake disc 18 has one of the braking surfaces 20, 21 extending in a circular ring around the rotational symmetry axis. During braking, the brake disc 18 comes into frictional contact with brake pads (not shown) of the associated disc brake.

[0059] Fig. 4 shows a detail of one of the two insert parts 11, which in this case are at least substantially identically designed, in the sectional view according to Figs. 1A-B. The insert part 11 has a plurality of elevations 22 and depressions 23, which are arranged at least substantially regularly distributed over the two opposite surfaces 14 of the insert part 11. In this case, one of the elevations 22 and one of the depressions 23 are arranged opposite one another. Furthermore, in this case, the elevations 22 are each designed to surround one of the through-openings 13, and the depressions 23 are each formed by one of the through-openings 13.

[0060] In the illustrated and thus preferred embodiment, the through-openings 13 each have a minimum width bmin of, for example, approximately 1.5 mm and, in the region of the recesses 23, a maximum width bmax of, for example, approximately 4 mm. The length l of the through-openings 13 is, for example, approximately 3 mm in the present case. Thus, the ratio of the minimum width bmin of the through-openings 13 to their length l is, for example, approximately 0.5 in the present case. The thickness dE of the insert part 11, which is, for example, approximately 1.5 mm in the present case, is at least substantially constant. Thus, the ratio of the minimum width of the through-openings 13 to the thickness dE of the insert part in the region of the respective through-opening 13 is, for example, approximately 1. Fig. 4 does not represent the correct size relationships.

[0061] List of reference symbols

[0062] 1 mold

[0063] 2 mold base

[0064] 3 upper mold part

[0065] 4 mold core

[0066] 5 mold cavity

[0067] 6 bridge

[0068] 7 Feed channel

[0069] 8 Entrance opening

[0070] 9 lower edge

[0071] 10 upper edge

[0072] 11 structurally changing insert

[0073] 12 microstructure-changing coating

[0074] 13 Passage opening

[0075] 14 Surface

[0076] 15,16 molded part section

[0077] 17 Pouring

[0078] 18 Casting

[0079] 19 Ventilation duct

[0080] 20,21 braking surface

[0081] 22 Survey

[0082] 23 Deepening

[0083] ABI first movement axis

[0084] AB2 second movement axis

[0085] ASR rotational symmetry axis

[0086] S Metal melt bmax maximum width bmin minimum width dE,dU thickness

[0087] 1 length

Claims

Patent claims 1. Casting mold (1) for casting at least one, in particular at least substantially rotationally symmetrical, casting (18), in particular a brake disc (18) and / or brake drum, from a molten metal (S) with at least one mold cavity (5) representing the casting (18) to be cast and at least one mold part (2, 3, 4) delimiting the mold cavity (5) at least in sections, characterized in that at least one structure-changing agent (11, 12) is provided, which is arranged at least in sections in the mold cavity (5) and / or at least in sections adjoining the mold cavity (5) for changing the structure of the casting (18), in particular for forming at least one intermetallic and / or intermediate phase, preferably at least partially by diffusion.

2. Casting mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one structure-changing agent (11, 12) comprises at least one structure-changing coating (12), in particular in the form of a wash or in powder form, applied to at least one mold part section (15, 16) of the at least one mold part (2, 3, 4), and / or at least one structure-changing insert (11), in particular spaced at least in sections from the at least one mold part (2, 3, 4), and that, preferably, the at least one insert (11) is formed at least substantially from a structure-changing material or has a coating of a structure-changing material applied to a base body of the insert (11).

3. Casting mold according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one structure-changing agent (11, 12), in particular the structure-changing material, contains one or more metals, in particular chromium, aluminum, nickel, vanadium, zinc, bismuth and / or tellurium, and / or one or more metal salts, in particular chromium salt, aluminum salt, nickel salt, vanadium salt, zinc salt, bismuth salt and / or tellurium salt, and / or one or more carbide formers, in particular chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, manganese, boron, tellurium, arsenic and / or magnesium.

4. Casting mold according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one structure-changing means (11), in particular insert (11), has at least one through-opening (13), preferably a plurality, in particular a multiplicity of through-openings (13), and that, preferably, the ratio of the minimum width (bmin) of the at least one through-opening (13) to the length (l) of the through-opening (13) and / or to the thickness (dE) of the structure-changing means (11) in the region of the through-opening (13) is at least 0.5, preferably at least 1, in particular at least 2, and / or the minimum width (bmin), in particular maximum width (bmax), of the at least one through-opening (13) is at most 30 mm, preferably at most 20 mm, at most 15 mm, at most 5 mm, at most 3 mm or at most 2 mm, and / or at least 5 mm, preferably at least 8 mm, in particular at least 10 mm.

5. Casting mould according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the at least one structure-changing means (11), in particular insert (11), has an open area of ​​at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, formed in particular by the at least one through-opening (13). and / or at most 90%, preferably at most 85%, in particular at most 80%, based on the total area of ​​the structure-changing agent (11), in particular insert (11).

6. Casting mold according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one structure-changing means (11, 12), in particular insert part (11), is at least partially formed to be at least substantially flat and / or that the at least one structure-changing means (11, 12), in particular insert part (11), has at least one elevation (22) and / or depression (23), preferably a plurality, in particular a multiplicity, of elevations (22) and / or depressions (23), and / or that the at least one structure-changing means (11, 12), in particular insert part (11), preferably at least substantially continuously, has a thickness (dE, dU) of at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm, in particular at least 1 mm, and / or at most 10 mm, if necessary at most 5 mm, preferably at most 3 mm, in particular at most 2 mm.

7. Casting mold according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one structure-changing means (11), in particular insert (11), is a metal product, in particular sheet metal, perforated sheet metal, metal mesh, metal grid and / or expanded metal.

8. Casting mold according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one structure-changing means (11, 12) is arranged at least in sections in the region of at least one braking surface (20, 21), in particular brake track, of the brake disc (18) or brake drum to be cast and, preferably, that the at least one with the coating (12) provided molded part section (15,16) of the molded part (2,3,4) Mould cavity (5) in the area of ​​the braking surface (20,21), in particular Brake track of the brake disc (18) or brake drum to be cast.

9. Casting mold according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one mold part (2, 3, 4) is formed at least substantially from core sand.

10. Casting mold according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the mold cavity (5) is formed at least substantially rotationally symmetrical to a rotational symmetry axis (ASR).

11. Casting mold according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the mold cavity (5) has at least one inlet opening (8) for the molten metal (S) to flow into the mold cavity (5) and that, preferably, the projection of the inlet opening (8) onto a projection plane perpendicular to the axis of rotational symmetry (ASR) of the mold cavity (5) is arranged at least substantially centrally to the projection of the mold cavity (5) onto the projection plane and / or the inlet opening (8) is designed to be at least substantially rotationally symmetrical to the axis of rotational symmetry (ASR) of the mold cavity (5) and / or the inlet opening (8) is arranged at least in sections, in particular at least substantially, in the region of the lower or upper edge (9, 10) of the mold cavity (5).

12. Casting mold according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one feed channel (7), in particular formed at least in sections in the at least one mold part (2, 3, 4) and in fluid communication with the mold cavity (5), for feeding the molten metal (S) in the mold cavity (5) and that, preferably, the feed channel (7) extends at least in sections at least substantially along the rotational symmetry axis (ASR) of the mold cavity (5).

13. A method for casting at least one, in particular at least substantially rotationally symmetrical, casting (18), in particular a brake disc (18) and / or brake drum, from a molten metal (S) by means of at least one casting mold (1) having at least one mold cavity (5), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 12, in which at least one structure-changing agent (11, 12) is arranged at least in sections in the mold cavity (5) and / or at least in sections adjacent to the mold cavity (5), in which the molten metal (S) is fed to the mold cavity (5), and in which a change in the structure of the casting (18), in particular the formation of at least one intermetallic and / or intermediate phase, is brought about in regions by means of the at least one structure-changing agent (11, 12) arranged at least in sections in and / or adjacent to the mold cavity (5), in particular at least partially by diffusion.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the at least one structure-changing means (11, 12), in particular insert part, arranged at least in sections in and / or adjacent to the mold cavity (5), is melted preferably at least substantially by the heat input caused by the molten metal (S).

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein, preferably at least partially during and / or after the supply of the molten metal (S) into the mold cavity (5), the casting mold (1) and / or the at least one structure-changing means (11, 12) is moved in an oscillating manner and in which, preferably, the at least one oscillating movement of the casting mould (1) and / or of the at least one structure-changing means (11, 12) comprises at least one translationally oscillating movement, in particular at least substantially along and / or at least substantially circularly around a movement axis (AB1, AB2), and / or at least one rotationally oscillating movement, in particular at least substantially around a rotational symmetry axis (ASR) of the mold cavity (5).

16. Method according to claim 15, wherein the amplitude of the at least one oscillating movement of the casting mold (1) and / or of the at least one structure-changing means (11, 12) is greater than 0.1 mm, preferably greater than 0.2 mm, in particular greater than 0.3 mm, and / or less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, in particular less than 2 mm, particularly preferably less than 1 mm, and / or in which the frequency of the at least one oscillating movement of the casting mould (1) and / or of the at least one structure-changing means (11,12) is at least 0.2 Hz, if necessary at least 0.5 Hz, preferably at least 1 Hz, in particular at least 2 Hz, and / or at most 15,000 Hz, preferably at most 12,000 Hz, at most 10,000 Hz, at most 100 Hz, at most 50 Hz or at most 10 Hz.

17. Method according to one of claims 13 to 16, in which the molten metal (S) spreads at least substantially rotationally symmetrically to a rotational symmetry axis (ASR) of the mold cavity (5), in particular in the radial outward direction, in the mold cavity (5) and / or in which the molten metal (S) is fed into the mold cavity (5) from above or from below and / or flows into the mold cavity (5) in the region of the lower or upper edge (9, 10) of the mold cavity (5) and / or in which the filling speed with which the mold cavity (5) is filled with the molten metal (S) is regulated.

18. Cast part (18), in particular brake disc (18) or brake drum, produced by a method according to one of claims 13 to 17.

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