812results about "Casting safety devices" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy pouring processes, in particular to a magnesium alloy heterogeneous flow overall coordination pouring process which comprises the steps of conducting pouring numerical simulation through simulation software, optimizing pouring design and determining a composite flow guide structure, a mold temperature control scheme and an alloy component regulation and control strategy. Magnesium alloy smelting and refining are conducted; preheating the mold by using an intelligent temperature control system; during the period, the intelligent temperature control system monitors and adjusts the temperature of the mold, and the online alloy adding system and the impurity adsorption filtering device keep the components of the melt uniform and pure; and after pouring is completed, controlling the mold temperature according to a preset cooling curve to slowly and uniformly solidify the melt. The design of the bionic branch-shaped flow dividing structure, the dynamic adjustable flow guide plate and the like reduces casting defects, and the casting forming quality is improved. And on-line alloy adding and impurity adsorption filtering ensure that melt components are stable, and the casting performance is improved.

The invention discloses a reconfigurable casting process module hierarchical control method, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, acquiring a multi-source sensor data stream generated in a casting task execution process, the data comprising key process parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow velocity and the like; based on this data stream, an initial condition feature set for characterizing the dynamic condition is determined. And then, carrying out segmented working condition optimization processing on the feature set by utilizing a hierarchical decoupling regulation model, and obtaining an optimized working condition feature set through system coupling dissociation and random disturbance stripping. And finally, performing feature reconstruction processing on the optimization feature set, and generating an optimization control instruction accurately matched with the current casting process to adjust the pouring speed, the cooling rate or the pressure parameter in real time, thereby realizing closed-loop optimization control of the casting process. According to the method, the control precision and the process stability under complex working conditions are effectively improved.

The invention discloses an intelligent cooling system for rapidly cooling a casting, and relates to the technical field of casting cooling. An intelligent cooling system for rapidly cooling a casting comprises a geometric perception module, a cooling template module, a cooling execution module, a dynamic regulation and control module, a resource circulation module, a cooling template iteration module and a data precipitation module. According to the method, the geometrical characteristics of the casting are accurately sensed, heat conduction and heat dissipation function modeling are combined, an initial cooling template is established, and the pertinence and scientificity of a cooling strategy are improved; three cooling units of air cooling, spray cooling and liquid cooling are arranged, differentiated regulation and control are carried out based on a heat dissipation distribution diagram of a space partition, and accurate cooling control over multiple areas of a complex casting is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of casting automation control, and discloses a sand-box-free vertical parting casting casting automation control system and method. A data acquisition module of the system obtains casting process parameters such as a casting actual temperature value, a casting mold pressure value, a molten metal flow rate value and a parting surface state value; the dynamic modeling module constructs a casting field variable matrix based on the parameters and outputs dynamic casting correction parameters; the stability evaluation module calculates an actual casting resistance value by using the dynamic casting correction parameters, and generates a casting flow deviation index in combination with a preset target casting resistance value and an actual molten metal flow rate; and the closed-loop compensation module executes a double-channel compensation strategy according to the casting flow deviation index, outputs a pressure compensation value and a flow speed compensation value to compensate an actual casting resistance value, and feeds back a compensated result to the dynamic modeling module to realize dynamic adjustment. According to the system, through multi-module cooperation and closed-loop control, precise dynamic control over the casting process is achieved, and the quality stability of castings is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of precision casting, and discloses a high-precision control method for stainless steel castings, which comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials, recording component characteristics of the raw materials, designing a formula proportion of the raw materials, carrying out pouring process design, and setting a parameter control system in each link of pouring, according to the shape of the needed stainless steel casting, mold design and manufacturing and mold quality control are carried out, grinding tool design parameters are recorded, a stainless steel casting solidification process simulation model is established according to raw material component characteristics, a raw material formula proportion, a designed pouring process and the mold design parameters, and the casting solidification process is simulated in the model. The method comprises the following steps: predicting a defect area in a casting production process, carrying out advanced prevention and optimization treatment on the defect area according to the predicted defect area in the casting production process, strengthening a refining degassing operation in a casting process, further carrying out a metal solution purification step after refining degassing, and demolding the casting, and the mold is cleaned, checked and maintained in time.

The invention discloses a nickel-based single-crystal high-temperature alloy with high structure stability and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloys. The nickel-based single crystal high-temperature alloy provided by the invention is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 7 percent of Al, 7.5 to 10 percent of Co, 5 to 7 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Hf, 0 to 2 percent of Mo, 5.5 to 7.5 percent of Ta, 0 to 1 percent of Ti, 8 to 10 percent of W, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of C, 0.003 to 0.005 percent of B and the balance of Ni. According to the invention, by controlling the ratio of elements and avoiding the addition of Re, the precipitation temperature of a harmful TCP phase is obviously reduced to about 840 DEG C on the basis of maintaining a sufficient solid solution strengthening effect, and the long-term stability of the structure is greatly improved. The high-temperature mechanical property of the alloy provided by the invention reaches the level equivalent to that of a traditional Re-containing second-generation single-crystal alloy and is remarkably superior to that of foreign Re-free single-crystal alloys MD2 and Rene N500, and the nickel-based single-crystal high-temperature alloy with high structure stability successfully realizes the unification of low cost and high performance, and is suitable for industrial production. And a reliable material solution is provided for manufacturing the heavy-duty gas turbine blade with higher market competitiveness.

A method for predicting the mechanical properties of a casting part based on the flow distances of an aluminum alloy melt, a method for designing a casting die for mega casting, and an aluminum alloy casting part produced through the casting die thus designed. By applying the method, the mechanical properties of the large components produced by mega casting within a specified process parameter window, especially at a specified injection speed, can be predicted and controlled, thereby the automation in automobile manufacture is improved, and the design and properties of the mega-casting products are optimized.

The invention relates to a large-scale high-temperature alloy blank casting method capable of controlling the casting size, and belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy casting. Measuring a temperature curve of the sand mold after the high-temperature alloy is poured; a process model is created, simulation software is used for carrying out stress deformation simulation, a part model of the casting is created, the simulation result of the part model and the simulation result of the process model are compared, the reduced scale, correction and the machining amount are adjusted in real time, and the process model is obtained; manufacturing a process pattern according to the process model, and producing a sand mold by utilizing the process pattern; creating a sand core model, inputting sand mold temperature curve parameters into simulation software, carrying out sand core deformation stress simulation, measuring sand core deformation stress, and manufacturing a core box according to the sand core model; a core bar is manufactured according to the design, the manufactured core bar is placed in a core box, and a sand core is manufactured; demolding the sand core; combining the sand core with the sand mold to obtain a casting cavity; and molten steel is poured into a casting cavity, and a casting blank is formed after cooling and solidification.

The invention relates to a titanium alloy component preparation method and device and a flow guide pipe radius confirmation method, and relates to the technical field of negative pressure suction casting. The titanium alloy component preparation method comprises the steps that raw materials are smelted in stages based on the preset smelting power P1 of the raw materials till the heating temperature reaches the preset pouring temperature T, carrying out heat preservation on the smelted raw materials; based on the smelting power P2 of the blocking piece, the blocking piece is smelted in a staged mode till the blocking piece is completely smelted within a preset time period; and negative pressure is applied to a mold, and negative pressure mold filling is conducted on the mold through the molten blocking piece material and the molten raw materials. By adopting the technical scheme, the technical problems of long mold filling time and serious heat loss existing in an existing casting mode of combining smelting and crucible tilting weighting can be solved.

An AI system is adapted to receive at least one parameter to be optimized for an article or its production. The AI system processes the to-be-optimized parameter and generates an operating condition for a first phase of production. The AI system processes the operating condition, and generates an AI operating parameter for processing the aluminum. The production equipment associated with the first phase processes the aluminum accordingly, wherein there is an operating parameter for obtaining aluminum having an optimized quality characteristic at the end of the first phase, and wherein having the production equipment performing the AI parameter generates a deviation. Through the deviations over the different phases, the general production is prioritized over the phases of productions.

Provided herein is a system and method for parameter value determination of direct chill casting using artificial intelligence. The system may employ one or more image sensors configured to capture images of a surface of a direct chill cast billet or ingot, where the images depict one or more casting anomalies. A first machine learning model configured to process images is configured to identify, within the images, casting anomalies along with metrics of the casting anomalies or anomalies can be directly input to the first machine learning model. The casting anomalies are identified by the first machine learning model, classified through conditional statements according to anomaly type and scale. A second machine learning model is configured to process the casting anomaly type and scale as an input along with most parameters and set-up conditions that can cause the anomaly to generate changes to parameter values of the direct chill casting process to reduce or eliminate the casting anomalies.

The invention discloses an automobile gearbox shell casting device, and relates to the technical field of automobile shell casting, the automobile gearbox shell casting device comprises a door-shaped support, the inner wall of the door-shaped support is fixedly provided with a lower mold through a plurality of connecting rods, the bottom surface of the lower mold is provided with a bottom plate, an upper mold is arranged above the lower mold, and the upper mold is fixedly connected with the door-shaped support. An air cylinder is fixedly installed on the top face of the door-shaped support, and the output end of the air cylinder is connected with the top face of the upper die. The cooling adjusting assembly is arranged in the lower mold, the cooling adjusting assembly comprises a main cooling pipe, the distance between the cooling pipe and the casting shell can be dynamically adjusted by arranging the cooling adjusting assembly, and the casting quality of the gearbox shell is remarkably optimized by combining real-time temperature and thickness detection; and aiming at the problem of local overheating or supercooling caused by wall thickness difference, the device can adaptively adjust the cooling intensity, so that a thick-wall area is quickly cooled, and a thin-wall area is prevented from being supercooled.

The invention relates to the technical field of investment mold shell casting, in particular to an investment mold shell casting system which comprises a rack, a slurry barrel, a roasting furnace, a cooling barrel and a slag collecting barrel are sequentially installed on the rack in the clockwise direction, and multiple sets of regularly-distributed elastic striking rods are installed on the inner wall of the slag collecting barrel. A loading and unloading station is arranged at the position, corresponding to the position between the slurry barrel and the slag collecting barrel, of the machine frame, a casting frame is installed on the machine frame in a liftable mode, a transmission unit is arranged on the casting frame, and the transmission unit is in transmission connection with a rotating station frame capable of periodically rotating by 72 degrees and a rotatable transmission gear ring. The casting equipment has the beneficial effects that casting links such as ceramic slurry coating, roasting, cooling and slag collecting are integrated into the same equipment, and the orderly circulation of a parison among the links is realized through the slurry barrel, the roasting furnace, the cooling barrel and the slag collecting barrel which are sequentially arranged on the rack in the clockwise direction and the rotary station frame capable of periodically rotating.

The invention discloses equipment and a process for producing a cast aluminum-magnesium alloy, and relates to the technical field of metal material casting, the equipment comprises a smelting unit, a casting unit and a demolding unit; according to the smelting unit, the alloy purity is improved through a resistance-type smelting furnace capable of accurately controlling the temperature, a rotary blowing device capable of efficiently degassing and the like; the casting unit optimizes the casting quality by using a magnetorheological fluid coating mold and an electromagnetic regulation and control device; the demolding unit reduces casting damage by means of multiple cooperative demolding means; the process comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, precise smelting, precise casting, reasonable demolding and the like. By means of the means, the problems that in a traditional technology, gas purification is not thorough, the casting process is difficult to control, and parts are prone to being damaged during demolding are effectively solved, the functions of improving the quality of aluminum magnesium alloy castings, improving the production efficiency and reducing the rejection rate are achieved, and remarkable economic and technical benefits are achieved.

The invention discloses a preparation control optimization method of a metal ytterbium target for an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display screen. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring impurity spectrum scanning data of a metal ytterbium raw material, analyzing impurity distribution characteristics and determining a melting control temperature; after a cast ingot is formed, the internal pore distribution condition is obtained, a pore density gradient field is constructed, a forging and pressing path planning vector is generated, and precise forging and pressing path design is achieved; in the forging and pressing process, forging and pressing vibration data and displacement data are collected in real time, the influence of vibration on cast ingot position deviation is analyzed, then vibration deviation correction is conducted on a forging and pressing path, and an optimized path plan is formed. And by iteratively optimizing the forging and pressing path, the density of the cast ingot is gradually improved and meets the preset requirement. The method effectively solves the problems of difficult impurity control, non-uniform pore distribution, forging and pressing deviation and the like in the preparation process of the metal ytterbium target material, and the purity and compactness of the target material are remarkably improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of resonant pouring castings, in particular to a method for improving the homogeneity of castings in all directions based on resonant pouring, which comprises the following steps: preparing a mold / casting mold, setting resonant parameters, pouring molten metal, maintaining resonance and solidifying, and detecting the homogeneity. Through the resonance effect, molten metal mold filling is uniform, the size qualification rate is increased, meanwhile, grain refinement can be promoted, the isotropic performance uniformity and stability of a casting are remarkably improved, the internal defect rate is greatly reduced, the comprehensive yield is increased, and energy consumption and cost are reduced.

The invention discloses a preparation device of a titanium hydrogen storage alloy for solid hydrogen storage, which comprises a vacuum induction melting system and an ultrasonic generation system, the vacuum induction melting system comprises a vacuum chamber, a melting mechanism and a heatable mold which are arranged in the vacuum chamber, and a vacuum pump communicated with the vacuum chamber; the ultrasonic generation system comprises an ultrasonic generator, an amplitude-change pole and an ultrasonic probe which are connected in sequence, one end of the ultrasonic probe extends into the vacuum chamber, and a mobile positioning system for controlling the position of the ultrasonic probe is arranged on the vacuum induction melting system; the invention further discloses a preparation method of the titanium hydrogen storage alloy for solid hydrogen storage. According to the device, the ultrasonic generation system is arranged, ultrasonic waves are applied in the raw material smelting process, segregation of the Ti element is effectively restrained, meanwhile, dendritic crystal arms are broken in the alloy solidification process, more nucleation sites are formed to refine grains, and the device is suitable for preparing the titanium hydrogen storage alloy for solid hydrogen storage.

The invention discloses a fine distinguishing method for the refining capacity of a grain refiner, and relates to the technical field of grain refiner preparation.The fine distinguishing method for the refining capacity of the grain refiner comprises the following steps that S1, a certain mass of aluminum, titanium and boron is dissolved in molten aluminum, stirred for 30 s and stood for 60 s, then a specific square mold is used for sampling, and the adding amount of aluminum, titanium and boron should be 0.1%; s2, after aluminum, titanium and boron are dissolved, a ceramic foam filter is added to filter molten aluminum, undissolved titanium and boron clusters and oxide inclusions are removed, and the purity of a melt is ensured; s3, a square mold with the inner wall sprayed with a boron nitride coating (smaller than or equal to 50 microns) is used and preheated to 200 DEG C, molten aluminum is injected after moisture is removed, adhesion is avoided, and demolding integrity is improved; according to the fine distinguishing method for the refining capacity of the grain refiner, a traditional conical mold is modified into a common square mold, so that machining is more convenient, meanwhile, errors are reduced, experimental raw materials are saved, and the experimental time is shortened.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal casting, and particularly discloses an adjustable and controllable cooling clean room which comprises a roller conveying main body, a clean room main body, and a displacement mechanism, a blowing mechanism, a temperature control system and the like which are integrated in the clean room main body. According to the working principle, after being fed into a chamber through a connecting rod type air bag sealing door, a mold is accurately positioned by a displacement mechanism synchronously driven by multiple rollers; the two groups of multi-degree-of-freedom blowing mechanisms are used for spraying uniform cooling airflow to the surface of the metal casting mold by adjusting the angle and the position of a spray head through four spatial axes; the movable dust removal vehicle sucks and removes falling dust in real time, the sensor and the temperature control body are linked to adjust environmental parameters, and waste gas is purified through cooperation of the three-stage filter and the exhaust fan. Through clamping-free conveying, directional dynamic cooling and closed-loop cleaning management, the problems of mold scratching, non-uniform cooling and dust pollution in the traditional technology are systematically solved, and the cooling efficiency and the product yield of the cooling clean room are improved to a certain extent.

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum foil preparation, in particular to an ultrathin high-conductivity aluminum foil and a preparation method thereof.The aluminum foil comprises antimony, barium, iron, restrictive silicon and the balance aluminum and impurities, antimony element enrichment bands are distributed on the section of a matrix at intervals, the antimony content in the enrichment bands is remarkably higher than that of the matrix, and a directionally-arranged microcosmic conductive network is formed. The preparation method comprises the steps of alloy smelting purification, deep supercooling continuous casting grain refinement, structure optimization through multi-section temperature control hot rolling, induction of selective migration and enrichment of antimony atoms along a dislocation wall through pulse current auxiliary cold rolling, realization of directional arrangement of an enrichment zone through electromagnetic field constraint annealing, and ultrathin finish rolling. According to the method, element distribution and a microstructure are cooperatively regulated and controlled, the counterbalance contradiction between the conductivity and the mechanical property of a traditional aluminum foil is broken through, and the conductivity, the tensile strength and the ductility are synchronously improved in an ultrathin state.

The invention discloses a system for automatically adding casting spheroidizing process materials, which belongs to the technical field of metal casting and comprises an initial data acquisition module for acquiring initial state parameters of to-be-processed molten iron; the target instruction generation module generates a nodulizer total theoretical mass and a reference feeding instruction; the process monitoring module executes the reference feeding instruction to obtain a reaction process characteristic signal; the process correction module compares the reaction process characteristic signal with a reaction intensity target interval to generate a reaction state deviation correction reference feeding instruction; and the process monitoring module executes the corrected reference feeding instruction until the accumulated mass of the added spheroidizing agent reaches the total theoretical mass of the spheroidizing agent. The acousto-optic characteristics of the spheroidizing reaction process are monitored in real time and compared with the preset target interval, then the deviation degree is generated to correct the pulse feeding instruction in a closed-loop mode, self-adaptive accurate control over the spheroidizing process can be achieved, the reaction stability and the finished product quality are remarkably improved, and material consumption is reduced.

The invention discloses a method for constructing a periodic directional solidification structure based on modulated ultrasound, and relates to the technical field of metal material preparation. The method comprises the following steps: smelting a metal raw material to obtain a metal melt; the metal melt is subjected to directional solidification, and periodic modulation ultrasound is applied to the front edge of a liquid-solid interface of the metal melt in the directional solidification process; and after periodical modulation ultrasound is applied, a periodical directional solidification structure with the grain size controllable and columnar / equiaxed crystals alternately appearing is obtained. According to the method, the sound field characteristics at the front edge of the liquid-solid interface in the directional solidification process can be detected in real time, feedback adjustment is conducted, and it is guaranteed that multi-mode ultrasonic treatment is efficient, stable, accurate and controllable.

The invention relates to a process for casting a metal casting by using resin sand, which belongs to the technical field of casting modeling, and adopts silica sand and regenerated silica sand as resin sand materials, phenolic resin and urea resin as sand core resin, furan resin and alkaline phenolic resin as sand mold resin, benzenesulfonic acid and phosphoric acid as curing agents, and the resin sand materials and the resin sand materials are uniformly mixed. The adipic acid-epoxypropyl diethylene triamine copolymer, the methylsilanol-silicate ester cross-linked polymer and the hexa-polyricinoleate are adopted as auxiliary agents, a sand core and a sand mold are prepared by combining a specific technological method, good casting performance is achieved, indexes such as air holes, burnt-on sand, cracks and shrinkage porosity of a prepared casting piece are effectively improved, and the casting piece has the good application prospect. And higher performance and quality use requirements of automobile parts can be met.

The present invention discloses an intelligent temperature-controlled casting mold, which relates to the technical field of casting molds and includes a bearing base; further comprising: a cooling mechanism is fixedly arranged at the center position of the top surface of the bearing base, and the cooling mechanism includes a cooling frame, and the cooling frame is fixedly installed at the center position of the top surface of the bearing base; wherein, preheating mechanisms are fixedly arranged on the left and right sides above the bearing base, and the preheating mechanism includes a preheating frame, and the preheating frame is fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the top surface of the bearing base. For this intelligent temperature-controlled casting mold, during the merging process of the upper mold body and the lower mold body, the cavities on the upper and lower sides are heated through the flipping of the preheating mechanism, so as to avoid the excessive temperature difference with the material and affect the service life. At the same time, the temperature control module separates the cooling circulation pipe from the lower mold body through the closed partition of the cooling mechanism, avoiding cracks caused by rapid cooling and improving the precision of casting and the effect of temperature control.

The invention discloses a continuous casting roller fault prediction method based on a time convolution network-long and short term memory network, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: 1, constructing a continuous casting roller data set, and dividing the data set into a training set and a test set; step 2, establishing a fault prediction model; 3, training the sample fault prediction model constructed in the step 2 by adopting the training set divided in the step 1, and outputting a trained model; and 4, evaluating the model trained in the step 3 by using the test set divided in the step 1, and outputting a prediction result. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the fault of the continuous casting roller can be accurately predicted.

The utility model discloses a full-process intelligent metal ingot casting system, which relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metallurgical equipment and comprises a linear casting machine. A scooping spoon is arranged at the hand part of the casting robot; the scum removing robot is arranged on one side of the linear casting machine, and a scum removing plate is mounted on the hand of the scum removing robot; the input end of the chain conveyor corresponds to the lower part of the output end of the linear casting machine; the input end of the chain scraper conveyor corresponds to the output end of the chain conveyor; a laser coding machine, an appearance quality detection device, a trimming robot and a stacking robot are sequentially arranged on the side of the chain conveyor in the conveying direction. The palletizing robot corresponds to the output end of the chain conveyor; a full-automatic packaging machine, an automatic weighing device and an automatic labeling device are sequentially arranged on the chain scraper conveyor in the conveying direction; and the controller controls the operation of the casting system. According to the utility model, the ingot casting precision and the product quality can be improved, and unattended operation and automation and intelligentization of the whole process in the ingot casting process are realized.

The invention provides a preparation method of a cobalt-based alloy casting, which comprises the following steps: S1, raw material preparation: selecting the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-65% of cobalt, 20-30% of chromium, 5-15% of tungsten, 3-8% of nickel, 0.2-0.8% of carbon and the balance of inevitable impurities, pretreating the raw materials to remove impurities such as surface oil stains and oxides; s2, smelting: adding the pretreated raw materials into a vacuum induction smelting furnace; according to the preparation method of the cobalt-based alloy casting, the raw material ratio and pretreatment are accurately controlled, smelting is conducted under the vacuum condition, and electromagnetic stirring is combined, so that the uniformity of alloy components is effectively guaranteed, and the stability of the performance of the casting is improved; the reasonable casting process comprises proper casting temperature, casting mold preheating and a bottom pouring type casting mode, so that the defects of air holes, shrinkage porosity and the like are reduced, and the casting quality is improved.

The present invention relates to an electrostatic suspension step-triggered solidification method for regulating alloy phase selection, so as to realize active phase selection of solidification of residual liquid phase of alloy. The method first obtains the necessary density and specific heat data of the alloy; then derives the heat balance equation of liquid alloy under electrostatic suspension state, and solves the required heating power; at the first-order target temperature of step-triggered solidification, the primary phase of the alloy is solidified at the required temperature through an electrostatic suspension trigger device; then, the heat balance equation of solid-liquid coexistence alloy under electrostatic suspension state is derived, and the required heating power is solved; the second-order target temperature of step-triggered solidification is regulated, and the residual liquid phase in the alloy is solidified into the required phase composition through the trigger device. The electrostatic suspension step-triggered solidification method provided by the present invention can independently regulate the solidification supercooling of the primary phase and the residual liquid phase, thereby controlling the phase composition of the alloy.

A computer-implemented method of determining a material composition for manufacturing a product (500) is described. The method comprises receiving, at a computing device (100), one or more specification parameters (122) indicative of at least one of a material property, a manufacturing process for manufacturing the product, and a product property; determining one or more material composition recommendations for the material composition based on the received one or more specification parameters; and computing, for each material composition recommendation, one or more expected properties indicative of at least one of an expected material property of the respective material composition recommendation and an expected product property of the product manufactured from the respective material composition recommendation. The method further comprises computing, based on evaluating the one or more expected properties computed for each material composition recommendation against the received one or more specification parameter (122), a suitability measure indicative of a degree of suitability to manufacture the product (500) from the respective material composition recommendation.