Method and device for controlling powers of a three-phase ac grid through parallel hybridization with a control inverter and a DC source

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (1) for supplying electrical energy to an electrical load, the method (1) comprising the following steps: - measuring (10) a voltage between a voltage source and an electrical load and a current between the AC voltage source and the electrical load, - calculating (30) an apparent power value S in the main grid (110), - determining an apparent power dimensioning limit value Slim, - estimating (72) a required power value SLoad and a required active power value PLoad needed by the at least one electrical load (200), - if SLoad > Slim, and, if PLoad ≤ S, injecting (750) a reactive power complement Qsupp from the auxiliary grid into the main grid, - if lSLoad > Slim, and, if PLoad > S, injecting (752) a reactive power complement Qsupp and an active power complement Psupp from the auxiliary grid into the main grid, - otherwise, not carrying out injection from the auxiliary grid into the main grid.

Description

DESCRIPTION Title of the invention: Method and device for controlling the power of a three-phase alternating network by parallel hybridization with a controlled inverter and a DC source.

[0001] The invention relates to a method for managing the operation of an aircraft electrical power supply system comprising at least one electrical energy storage assembly.

[0002] Aircraft electrical machines are currently sized to take into account electrical overloads from the network as well as the abnormal case of loss of an on-board alternator. However, these design powers are in reality rarely reached and are most often short-lived. This oversizing in power impacts the masses and volumes of the electrical machines and therefore more generally the energy consumption and emissions from the aircraft.

[0003] In addition, the primary avionics electrical network involves variable power levels depending on the flight cycle and requirements. Also, the emergence of new electrical functions is placing particular constraints on this network. For example, electrical de-icing is a very high-power load, which can reach several hundred kilowatts, but which is only used temporarily throughout the flight cycle.

[0004] Therefore, electrical machines must be sized to withstand these overloads but also to respond to abnormal cases of theft such as the loss of a generator for example. However, these powers are rarely reached and consequently, the additional on-board mass resulting from oversizing can be seen as dead weight in most cases.

[0005] In addition, the variability of primary network power impacts the performance of the alternator, whose sizing is defined for nominal operation. Efficiency tends to decrease at lower power. However, the machines usually operate at these power levels.

[0006] One solution considered was to propose, in document WO 2018 / 051003 A1, a method for hybridizing a ram air turbine or RAT with a converter. The method described is a droop control strategy on the network voltage or frequency. However, this This process cannot be applied to aircraft main alternators since the latter independently control the bus voltage to a constant value while the turbine imposes the network speed.

[0007] However, such a method has many disadvantages, such as the fact that the alternator control unit must switch to a phase current limitation mode in order to lower the network voltage setpoint. This requires reaching a high overload regime before the auxiliary network acts.

[0008] In addition, static control involves degrading the network voltage, which has a slight impact on consumers since static loads will have to consume less power because the power is proportional to the square of the voltage.

[0009] And, knowing only one instantaneous quantity of the main source, such as voltage, does not allow intelligent control of power flows in the primary network.

[0010] Furthermore, the hybridization method according to WO 2018 / 051003 A1 requires a "frequency drop" which translates as a drop or decrease in frequency in the aircraft network. However, such a decrease is not desirable in a network that must be maintained at 400 hertz.

[0011] Finally, the document does not indicate what type of power is injected by the action of the RAT.

[0012] The invention aims to overcome all or part of the problems mentioned above by proposing a solution for supplementing power to the electrical network from a source other than traditional electrical machines such as a battery-type source and a converter.

[0013] To this end, the subject of the invention is a method for supplying electrical energy to at least one electrical load in an aircraft electrical system, the aircraft electrical system comprising a main network and an auxiliary network, the main network comprising: - at least one source of alternating voltage by mechanical sampling from a drive system connected to a control unit of current generation, the alternating voltage source being connected to the at least one electrical load, the auxiliary network comprising: - at least one electrical energy storage assembly, configured to provide an energy supplement to the at least one electrical load, - a converter arranged between the electrical energy storage assembly and the at least one electrical load, configured to convert a direct current into an alternating current, - a converter control module, configured to measure a voltage between the at least one alternating voltage source and the at least one electrical load and to measure an electrical voltage between the converter and the at least one electrical load, the power supply method comprising the following steps: - Measuring a voltage at the at least one alternating voltage source and a current between the at least one alternating voltage source and the at least one electrical load,- Calculation of an apparent power value S in the main network from the measurement of the voltage at the at least one alternating voltage source and the current between the at least one alternating voltage source and the at least one electrical load, - Determination of a limit apparent power value for design ^^, ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network, apparent power value, design limit ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ representing the maximum power value that the main network can supply to the at least one electrical load, - Estimation of a necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and of a necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ to the at least one electrical load, the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ representing the power value to be supplied to the at least one electrical load, the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ being composed of the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^, - If the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^detected is greater than the apparent power value limit for design ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network, and, if the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^estimated is lower than the apparent power S of the main network, injection of additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network into the main network, - If the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^detected is higher than the apparent power value limit of dimensioning ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network, and, if the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^estimated is greater than the apparent power S of the main network, injection of additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network into the main network and additional active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network into the main network, - Otherwise, no injection of the auxiliary network into the main network.

[0014] According to one aspect of the invention, the apparent power value S in the main network is defined such that: P being an active power value of the main network determined from the measurement of the voltage at the at least one alternating voltage source and the current between the at least one alternating voltage source and the at least one electrical load, ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ being a limit value of reactive power for sizing the main network.

[0015] According to one aspect of the invention, the power supply method comprises a step of regulating the powers of the main network, following the step of calculating an apparent power value S in the main network, the step of regulating the powers of the main network comprising the following steps: - Observation of the characteristics of the main network and of the auxiliary network, - Transformation of the active power value P of the main network and a reactive power value Q of the main network calculated according to a Park transformation, - Decoupling of the transformed active power value P of the main network and the transformed reactive power value Q of the main network, - Determination of a reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ in the main network, - Determination of a reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ in the main network, - Regulation of the active power P of the main network by the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and the reactive power Q of the main network by the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ .

[0016] According to one aspect of the invention, the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^of the main network determined is greater than the active power value P of the main network and the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the determined main network is greater than the reactive power value Q.

[0017] According to one aspect of the invention, the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network determined is greater than the active power value P of the main network and the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network determined is lower than the reactive power value Q of the main network.

[0018] According to one aspect of the invention, the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network determined is lower than the active power value P of the main network and the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^of the main network determined is lower than the reactive power value Q of the main network.

[0019] The invention also relates to a device for supplying electrical energy to at least one electrical load in an aircraft electrical system, the aircraft electrical system comprising a main network and an auxiliary network, the main network comprising: - at least one source of alternating voltage by mechanical sampling on a drive system connected to a current generation control unit, the at least one source of alternating voltage being connected to the at least one electrical load, the auxiliary network comprising: - at least one electrical energy storage assembly, configured to supply direct current to the at least one electrical load, - a converter arranged between the electrical energy storage assembly and the at least one electrical load, configured to convert a direct voltage into alternating voltage, - a converter control module,configured to measure a voltage and a current between the at least one alternating voltage source and the at least one electrical load and to measure an electrical voltage and a current between the converter and the at least one electrical load, the control module being configured to inject: - a reactive power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network into the main network if a power value necessary ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ to the at least one detected electrical load is greater than a limit apparent power value for design ^^, ^^ ^^ ^^of the main network, and, if a necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ to the at least one estimated electrical load is lower than an apparent power S of the main network, - a reactive power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and an active power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the auxiliary network in the main network if a necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ to the at least one electrical load is higher than the apparent power value limit of dimensioning ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network and if the active power value required ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^to at least one estimated electrical load is greater than the apparent power S of the main network.

[0020] According to one aspect of the invention, the at least one electrical energy storage assembly is a battery.

[0021] According to one aspect of the invention, the main network and the auxiliary network are three-phase networks.

[0022] According to one aspect of the invention, the at least one alternating voltage source is an alternator.

[0023] According to one aspect of the invention, the power supply device comprises a filter disposed between the converter and the at least one electrical load.

[0024] According to one aspect of the invention, the power supply device comprises a hybridization contactor configured to couple and decouple the main network and the auxiliary network.

[0025] The invention will be better understood and other advantages will appear on reading the detailed description of an embodiment given by way of example, a description illustrated by the attached drawing in which:

[0026] [Fig.1] Figure 1 represents a schematic view of a method for supplying electrical energy to at least one electrical load in an aircraft electrical system according to the invention;

[0027] [Fig.2] Figure 2 represents a schematic view of the electrical energy supply method of Figure 1;

[0028] [Fig.3] Figure 3 represents a schematic view of a device for supplying electrical energy to at least one electrical load in an aircraft electrical system according to the invention;

[0029] [Fig.4A] Figure 4A represents a schematic view of a first phase of a digital implementation of the feeding method of Figure 1;

[0030] [Fig.4B] Figure 4B represents a schematic view of a second phase of a digital implementation of the feeding method of Figure 1;

[0031] [Fig.5] Figure 5 represents a graph of the energy compensation observed through the feeding process of Figure 1;

[0032] [Fig.6] Figure 6 represents a graph of the decoupling of energy compensation between active and reactive power.

[0033] For the sake of clarity, the same elements will have the same references in the different figures.

[0034] Figure 1 thus represents a schematic view of a method 1 for supplying electrical energy to at least one electrical load 200 in an aircraft electrical system 300. An electrical load is an electrical component of the aircraft that consumes energy. The aircraft electrical system 300, as shown in Figure 3, comprises a main network 110 and an auxiliary network 120.

[0035] The main network 110 comprises at least one alternating voltage source 111 by mechanical sampling on a drive system 112 connected to a current generation control unit 113. The alternating voltage source 111 is thus connected to the at least one electrical load 200.

[0036] Preferably, the at least one alternating voltage source is a voltage-regulated alternating current source electrical machine 111.

[0037] The auxiliary network 120 comprises at least one electrical energy storage assembly 121 configured to provide an energy supplement to the electrical load to the at least one electrical load and capable of supplying direct current to the at least one electrical load 200. In other words, the electrical energy storage assembly 121 provides a direct electric current and is connected to the at least one electrical load 200.

[0038] The auxiliary network 120 also comprises a converter 122 arranged between the electrical energy storage assembly 121 and the at least one electrical load 200, configured to convert a direct current into an alternating current. The electrical energy storage assembly 121 thus supplies a direct current to the converter 122 which converts it.

[0039] The auxiliary network 120 also comprises a control module 123 of the converter 122, configured to measure a voltage between the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the at least one electrical load 200 and to measure an electrical voltage between the converter 122 and the at least one electrical load 200. The control module 123 of the converter 122 is also capable of measuring the electrical current between the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the at least one electrical load 200 and of measuring an electrical current between the converter 122 and the at least one electrical load 200.

[0040] The main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120 are therefore two separate electrical networks, both connected to at least one electrical load 200.

[0041] Optionally, the auxiliary network 120 may also comprise a filter 124 disposed between the converter 122 and the at least one electrical load 200 configured to eliminate the voltage harmonics linked to the switching of the converter 122 and to generate a sinusoidal three-phase voltage within the auxiliary network 120.

[0042] Optionally, the auxiliary network 120 may comprise a hybridization contactor 126 between the filter 124 and the main network 110 making it possible to isolate or couple the secondary network 120 to the main network 110, and thus to power the at least one electrical load 200 using the auxiliary network 120.

[0043] Preferably, the voltage and current measurement of the main network 110 is carried out by the control module 123 at the alternating voltage source 111 and, according to an ideal configuration, upstream of the parallelization of the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120. And, the voltage measurement of the auxiliary network 120 by the control module 123 is carried out between the converter 122 and the parallelization of the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120 and, ideally between the filter 124 and the hybridization contactor 126. Alternatively, the current measurement of the auxiliary network 120 can be made between the converter 122 and the filter 124.

[0044] The power supply method 1 comprises a first step 10 of measuring a voltage of the at least one alternating voltage source 111. It is also envisaged, during the measuring step 10, to measure, during this measuring step 10, a current between the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the at least one electrical load 200.

[0045] Following step 10, the power supply method 1 comprises a step 20 of measuring a second voltage at the terminals of the converter 122. And, similarly to step 10, it is also envisaged to measure, during this measurement step 20, a second current between the converter 122 and the at least one electrical load 200. Preferably, the measurement of the second voltage at the output of the converter 122 is observed only if the hybridization contactor 126 is in a closed position, i.e. allowing the connection between the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120.

[0046] Indeed, it is necessary to know the electrical power that the at least one alternating voltage source 111 can provide in real time. Thus, the electrical power is determined from knowledge of the electrical voltage at the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the electrical current between the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the at least one electrical load 200.

[0047] The measurement 20 of the second voltage across the converter 122 and of the second current between the converter 122 and the at least one electrical load 200 can advantageously be implemented to synchronize the two networks, namely the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120, in voltage. Indeed, the fact that each network among the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120 does not have the same voltage induces an imbalance in the aircraft electrical system 300 during hybridization.

[0048] Thus, following the measurements, the power supply method 1 comprises a step 30 of calculating an apparent power value in the main network. The concept of apparent power is a maximum power value available to operate an electrical network. It is the trigonometric sum of the active power and the reactive power.

[0049] The calculation 30 of the apparent power value in the main network 110 is carried out from the voltage measured at the terminals of the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the current measured between the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the at least one electrical load 200.

[0050] Preferably, the apparent power can be defined according to the following formula: ^ ^ = � ^^² + ^^² (1)

[0051] Where P represents the value of active power in the main network 110 while Q represents the value of reactive power in the main network 110.

[0052] More precisely, apparent power is the trigonometric sum of two components, namely active power and reactive power. Active power allows work or heat to be generated, while reactive power is unproductive power but necessary for inductive and capacitive dipoles to generate a magnetic or electrostatic field respectively. In other words, active power allows action or movement to be caused. Active power can then be interpreted as “useful” power. Active power thus uses part of the energy made available by apparent power. Conversely, reactive power is power that does not allow action to be developed.

[0053] Alternatively, this calculation can be done using the following formula: ^^ = ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ for a single-phase network and ^^ = 3 ∗ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ (2) for a three-phase network as shown in Figure 3,

[0054] Where S represents the apparent power value available in the main network 110, ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ represents the measurable effective voltage value in the main network, and ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ represents the effective current value measurable in the main network. In a three-phase reference, ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ then represents the phase-neutral voltage value and ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ the effective phase current value.

[0055] However, any other means of calculating the value of the apparent power available in the main network 110 can be considered.

[0056] Furthermore, it may also be envisaged to directly measure this power value in addition to the voltage across the at least one AC voltage source 111 and the current between the at least one AC voltage source 111 and the at least one electrical load 200 in the first network 110.

[0057] After calculating the apparent power value of the main network 110, it is possible to determine and regulate, during a regulation step 40, the active power value P and the reactive power value Q.

[0058] To do this, preferably, the regulation step 40 comprises a step 45 of observing the physical characteristics of the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120. Indeed, in order to subsequently carry out a change of reference, it is necessary to observe the position of the main network 110 relative to the auxiliary network 120.

[0059] To do this, the power supply method 1 applies a phase-locked loop or PLL function which ensures that the current and voltage to the main network 110 connected to the auxiliary network 120 have the same frequency and phase.

[0060] This is followed by a transformation step 50 of the active power value P and the reactive power value Q according to a Park transformation. This involves making a change of reference in the Park vector reference frame. Therefore, in the Park vector reference frame, the active power value P and the reactive power value Q are written according to the following formulas:

[0061] Where d and q represent the two axes of the Park vector frame. ^^ ^^ thus represents the value of the first voltage, namely the voltage across the terminals of the at least one alternating voltage source 111, along the d axis while ^^ ^^represents the value of the first current, namely the electric current between the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the at least one electric load 200, along the d axis. And, ^^ ^^ thus represents the value of the first voltage, the at least one alternating voltage source 111, along the q axis while ^^ ^^ represents the value of the first current, namely the electric current between the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the at least one electric load 200, along the q axis.

[0062] In other words, the currents on the d axis of the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120 are the image of the active powers supplied by these two networks and the currents on the q axis of the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120 are the image of the reactive powers supplied by these two networks.

[0063] This is followed by a decoupling step 60 of the transformed active power value and the transformed reactive power value. To do this, the power supply method 1 applies a phase-locked loop or PLL function to the transformed active power value and the reactive power value. transformed. The PLL function allows to estimate the position of the main network 110 which, by Park transform, imposes the following condition: ^^ ^^ = 0

[0064] In other words, the PLL function allows to determine an angle imposing the voltage value on the axis of the vector coordinate system q such that ^^ ^^ = 0.

[0065] For information purposes, the PLL function used during step 45 may preferably be identical to the PLL function of the decoupling step 60.

[0066] Following step 50, the power supply method 1 comprises a step 70 of calculating an active power value in the main network 110 and a step 70' of calculating a reactive power value in the main network 110, the active power and the reactive power being the components of the apparent power calculated during step 30.

[0067] In fact, the transformed active power value and the transformed reactive power value are decoupled and only carried by the currents ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ , the value of the active power P can be calculated in step 70 according to the following formula:

[0068] And the value of reactive power Q can be calculated in step 70' according to the following formula:

[0069] Note that steps 70 and 70' can be performed simultaneously.

[0070] The power supply method 1 also comprises a step of determining a reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ in the main network 110.

[0071] The power supply method 1 also comprises a step of determining a reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ in the main network (110),

[0072] After determining a reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and a reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ , the feeding method comprises a step of regulating the active power P of the main network 110 by the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and the reactive power Q of the main network 110 by the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ .

[0073] The active power and the reactive power in the main network 110 are then regulated to a defined value so as to promote hybridization with the auxiliary network 120. Depending on these determined active power and reactive power values, additional active power and / or reactive power can be provided by the auxiliary network 120 during hybridization.

[0074] Furthermore, the determination and regulation, during step 40, of the active power P and the reactive power Q can be carried out differently than stated above.

[0075] Indeed, in a three-phase network configuration, the regulation step 40 can firstly comprise the calculation step 70 of the active power value according to the following formula: ^^ = ^^1^^1+ ^^2^^2+ ^^3^^3

[0076] Where, ^^1 represents a measurable voltage value between a first phase and the neutral and ^^1 represents a current value of the first phase, ^^2 represents a measurable voltage value between a second phase and the neutral and ^^2 represents a current value of the second phase and ^^3 represents a measurable voltage value between a third phase and the neutral and ^^3 represents a current value of the third phase.

[0077] In other words, in a multi-phase configuration, the value of the active power can be defined according to the following generic formula: ^^ = � ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^= ^^ ^^ ^^

[0078] Where ^^ ^^ represents the set of voltage values ​​of each phase of the main 110 multiphase network and ^^ ^^ represents the set of current values ​​of each phase of the main network 110.

[0079] Thus, knowing the value of the apparent power S and the value of the active power P, it is possible to calculate the value of the reactive power Q at step 70' according to the following formula: ^^ = � ^^ 2 − ^^ 2

[0080] Then follows the step 45 of observing the physical characteristics of the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120 and more precisely the frequency and the phase of the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120. Also follows the step 50 of transforming the active power value P and the reactive power value Q according to the Park transformation and the step 60 of decoupling the transformed active power value and the transformed reactive power value as stated previously.

[0081] It should be noted that the regulation step 40 is also applicable in a single-phase network configuration in a similar manner. Indeed, during the decoupling step 60 of the transformed active power value and the transformed reactive power value for which the PLL function is applied, a single-phase type PLL function is applied, such as for example a SOGI-OSG PLL function.

[0082] Alternatively, it may be considered, during step 70, to calculate the active power according to the following formula: ^^ = ^^ ∗ ^^ ∗ cos ( ^^)

[0083] Where U represents the first voltage value measured in the main network 110, namely the voltage across the at least one AC voltage source 111, I represents the first current value measured in the main network 110, namely the electric current between the at least one AC voltage source 111 and the at least one electric load 200, and ^^ represents a phase shift.

[0084] And, similarly, it can be considered, during step 70', to calculate the reactive power according to the following formula: ^^ = ^^ ∗ ^^ ∗ sin ( ^^)

[0085] Where U represents the first voltage value measured in the main network 110, namely the voltage across the at least one alternating voltage source 111, I represents the first current value measured in the main network 110, namely the electric current between the at least one voltage source alternative 111 and at least one electrical load 200, and ^^ represents a phase shift.

[0086] Other formulas or methods may be considered to enable the calculation of the value of the active power and the value of the reactive power in the main network 110.

[0087] Thus, the determination of the active power P and the reactive power Q in the main network 110 can be envisaged in different ways, by first calculating a value of active power and reactive power then by carrying out a Park transformation in a determined reference frame or inversely by first carrying out the transformation, by imposing a current parameter and by calculating the values ​​of active power and reactive power.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment of the regulation step 40, the steps follow one another in the following manner: observation step 45, transformation step 50, decoupling step 60, calculation step 70 and calculation step 70'. However, in another embodiment, it may be envisaged that the steps follow one another in the following manner: calculation step 70, calculation step 70', observation step 45, transformation step 50 and decoupling step 60. This embodiment requires knowing the effective values ​​of the voltages and currents of the main network 110 and therefore greater computing power.

[0089] Following the regulation step 40, the power supply method 1 comprises a step 72 of estimating a necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^, a necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and a necessary reactive power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ for the at least one electrical load 200. This necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ thus represents the power value to be supplied to the at least one electrical load 200 in order to enable its operation. This estimate of the necessary power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^can be known upstream due to the technical characteristics of the at least one electrical load 200 connected to the main network 110, and more precisely, the dimensional characteristics of the main network 110, or by means of the control module 123. According to this configuration, the control module 123 is also then connected to the at least one electrical load 200.More precisely, the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^can be assimilated to a sum of a necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^being. given that this power allows the operation of at least one electrical load 200 and at a necessary reactive power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^.

[0090] In other words, the necessary active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and the necessary reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^, consumed by the at least one load 200 are identifiable by the superposition theorem so that the necessary active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ is equal to the set of active power values ​​P in the electrical network and the necessary reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ is equal to the set of reactive power values ​​Q in the electrical network. Therefore, when only the main network 110 is connected to the at least one electrical load 200, in a nominal operation of the aircraft electrical system 300, the necessary active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ is defined as: ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^= ^^

[0091] and the required reactive power is defined as: ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^= ^^

[0092] Thus, as previously stated, the contribution of the powers in the main network 110 is written as follows:

[0093] Preferably, the estimation of the necessary active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^, of the necessary reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^, and therefore of the necessary power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ to the at least one electrical load 200 comes from the measurements of active power P and reactive power Q on the main network 110.

[0094] Therefore, three power supply configurations can be envisaged depending on the powers available in the main network 110, i.e. the active power value P and the reactive power value Q, and the necessary power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the at least one electrical load 200.

[0095] A first configuration can be envisaged when the power to be supplied to the at least one electrical load 200, that is to say the necessary power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ is less than or equal to the sizing limit power of the alternating voltage source 111. Therefore, if the necessary power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ does not exceed the value of apparent power limit ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ specific to the main network 110, it is not necessary for the supply method 1 to provide any compensation from the auxiliary network 120. The apparent power value limits the design ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network 110 thus represents the maximum power value that the main network 110 can supply to at least one electrical load 200. This design limit power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ then depends on the sizing characteristics of the main network 110.

[0096] This apparent power value limits the sizing ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network 110 can be determined or estimated in parallel with the determination of the active power P and reactive power Q values ​​in the main network 110 and the regulation 40 of these power values.

[0097] So, if ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^≤ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ then the power supply method 1 does not draw power from the auxiliary network 120 and no compensation is carried out.

[0098] Stated differently, according to the first configuration, the necessary power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^of the at least one electrical load 200 is less than an apparent power limit for sizing the main network, that is to say that the following equation is respected:

[0099] Where, ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ sizing of the main network 110 and ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^represents the limit value of reactive power for sizing the main network 110.

[0100] So there is no need to add any power from the 120 auxiliary network.

[0101] Conversely, if the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^detected is greater than the apparent power limit ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network 110, the power supply method 1 then comprises a step 75 of injecting additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and / or active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120 into the main network 110.

[0102] Therefore, if ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^> ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^then the power to be supplied to the at least one electrical load 200 exceeds the sizing limit power of the alternating voltage source 111, and it is therefore necessary to add to the apparent power S of the main network 110 a supplement of reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and / or active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ coming from the auxiliary network 120. Therefore, the apparent power S of the main network, during the injection step 75, can be defined according to one of the following formulas:

[0103] The definition of the apparent power of the main network 110 during the injection step 75 can be done in a predetermined manner.

[0104] However, it can be envisaged that the definition of the apparent power during the injection step 75 is determined by the supply method 1.

[0105] Indeed, as previously stated in step 72, it is possible to estimate the active power value required ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ for the at least one electrical load 200 and the reactive power value required ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ for the at least one electrical load 200.

[0106] However, if the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^estimated during step 72 does not exceed a combined value between the active power value ^^ of the main network 110 at the time and the limit reactive power value of dimensioning ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network 110, it is then possible to limit the apparent power of the main network 110 by injecting only additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120. This injection of additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120 has the advantage of not having an impact on the electrical energy storage assembly 121.

[0107] In other words, if the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^is less than or equal to the modulus of the sum of the active power P and the design limit reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network 110, the power supply method 1 comprises a step 750 of injecting additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120 into the main network 110. Thus, if and that ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^> ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ then the power supply method 1 allows an injection, according to step 750 of a reactive power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120 into the main network 110 and the apparent power in the main network 110, during the injection step 750, can be defined according to the following formula: Where ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^represents the sum of the reactive power value Q initially present in the main network 110 and the value of the reactive power complement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^. This sum can also be interpreted as a reference reactive power value to meet the two conditions mentioned above, namely ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^≤ ^^ and ^^^^ ^^ ^^> ^^.

[0108] Alternatively, the following conditions may be considered as a condition for the injection 750 of additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120 into the main network 110: ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^≤ ^^ and ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^> ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^

[0109] Therefore, the condition on the active power value required ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ for at least one electrical load 200 is simplified since the apparent power value S of the main network 110 is known.

[0110] This second configuration translates as the case in which the apparent power of the at least one electrical load 200 is greater than a limit apparent power but the active power of the loads is less than this same apparent power. Thus before compensation of the auxiliary network 120, it is possible to observe an excess of the power in the main network 110 compared to the limit apparent power of conceivable dimensioning. The aim is then to regulate the power of the network to reduce it to this limit power by injecting only reactive power from the auxiliary network 120 thus making it possible to limit the reactive power of the aircraft electrical system 300.

[0111] Otherwise, a third operating configuration can be envisaged. Indeed, if the power to be supplied to the at least one electrical load 200, that is to say the necessary power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^, exceeds the apparent power S available in the main network 110, and if the active power necessary ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ to the at least one load 200 also exceeds the apparent power S available in the main network 110 then the power supply method 1 allows an injection of a reactive power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and an active power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^.

[0112] In other words, if the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ is greater than the apparent power S of the main network 110, the supply method 1 comprises a step 752 of injecting additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120 into the main network 110 and additional active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120 into the main network 110.

[0113] So, if and that ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^> ^^ then the power supply method 1 allows an injection, according to step 752, of a reactive power complement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120 into the main network 110 and of an active power complement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120 into the main network 110 the apparent power in the main network 110. Thus, during the injection step 752, the apparent power can be defined according to the following formula: Where ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^represents the sum of the reactive power value Q initially present in the main network 110 and the value of the reactive power complement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^and ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ represents the sum of the active power value P initially present in the main network 110 and the value of the active power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^. The sum ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ can also be interpreted as a reference reactive power value while the sum ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ can also be interpreted as a reference active power value to meet the two conditions mentioned above, namely ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^>� ^^² ^^ ^^ ^^ + ^^² ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^> ^^.

[0114] Alternatively, the following conditions may be considered as a condition for the injection 752 of additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network 120 and additional active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ into the main network 110: ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^> ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^> ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^

[0115] Therefore, the condition on the active power value required ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^to at least one electrical load 200 is simplified since the apparent power value limits the sizing ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network 110 is known.

[0116] This third configuration translates as the case in which the necessary apparent power of the at least one electrical load 200 is greater than a limit apparent power of the main network 110 and the necessary active power of the at least one electrical load 200 is also greater than this same limit apparent power of the main network 110. Thus, before compensation by the auxiliary network 120, it may be observed that the power of the main network 110 exceeds the power limit accepted in the main network 110, characterized by the limit power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ . Similarly, it is possible to observe an excess of the active power of the main network 110 compared to the power limit accepted in the main network 110, characterized by the limit power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ .

[0117] In the third configuration, the additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ which is added fully compensates the reactive power Q that the main network 110 provides so that ^^ + ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ = 0. In fact this power is signed. As an indicative example, it is then possible to carry out a power factor correction (PFC).

[0118] In other words, in the second and third configuration, additional power must be supplied from the auxiliary network 120 to the main network. And so if ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^> ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ then there is a hybridization between the auxiliary network 120 and the main network 110. The nature of the additional power is then determined according to the second condition linked to the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^.

[0119] Thus, the power supply method has the advantage of allowing optimized management from one configuration to another configuration compared to the three configurations mentioned previously as a function of the apparent power S available in the main network 110, of the limit apparent power ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ linked to the sizing of the main network 110 and the power required ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^to at least one electrical load 200.

[0120] Indeed, when the necessary power of the at least one electrical load 200 exceeds the apparent power S of the main network 110, the power supply method 1 makes it possible to target the second configuration or the third configuration in relation to the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^.

[0121] Similarly, during active load shedding, i.e. when the at least one electrical load 200 no longer requires a certain amount of active power necessary ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ for its operation, in the third configuration, the power supply method 1 is advantageously capable of determining whether the main network 110 must be supplied according to the first configuration or the second configuration.

[0122] Figure 3 thus represents a device 100 for supplying electrical energy to at least one electrical load 200 in an aircraft electrical system according to the supply method 1. The supply device 100 is composed in particular of the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120. And, the main network 110 comprises the at least one source of alternating voltage 111 by mechanical tapping on the drive system 112 connected to the current generation control unit 113. And, as said previously, the at least one source of alternating voltage 111 is connected to the at least one electrical load 200.

[0123] And, as stated previously, the auxiliary network 120 includes: - The at least one electrical energy storage assembly 121 configured to supply direct current to the at least one electrical load 200, - the converter 122, arranged between the electrical energy storage assembly 121 and the at least one electrical load 200 and configured to convert the direct current delivered by the at least one electrical energy storage assembly 121 into an alternating current, - and the converter control module 123 configured to measure the voltage across the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the current between the at least one alternating voltage source 111 and the at least one electrical load 200. The converter control module 123 can also measure the electrical voltage across the converter 122 and the current between the converter 122 and the at least one electrical load 200.

[0124] Optionally, the auxiliary network 120 may also comprise a filter 124 disposed between the converter 122 and the at least one electrical load 200 configured to eliminate the voltage harmonics linked to the switching of the converter 122 and to generate a sinusoidal three-phase voltage within the auxiliary network 120.

[0125] Optionally, the auxiliary network 120 may comprise a hybridization contactor 126 between the filter 124 and the main network 110 making it possible to isolate or couple the secondary network 120 to the main network 110, and thus to power the at least one electrical load 200 using the auxiliary network 120.

[0126] Furthermore, the at least one electrical energy storage assembly 121 is a battery. Alternatively, the at least one electrical storage assembly is a DC voltage source. For example, a DC voltage power supply, another source of AC or DC current coupled to power electronics regulating the output DC voltage may be envisaged.

[0127] Furthermore, preferably, the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120 are three-phase networks, as shown in Figure 3. However, the main network 110 and the auxiliary network 120 can also be single-phase alternating networks or even multi-phase networks. Therefore, the phase-locked loop function or PLL to the transformed active power value and to the reactive power value is adapted according to the number of phases of the network. main network 110 and auxiliary network 120. As an indicative example, a PLL function of the SOGI-OSG type can be envisaged in a situation of main network 110 and auxiliary network 120 single-phase alternating current in order to allow a transformation into a two-phase vector reference.

[0128] And, according to a preferred variant, the at least one alternating voltage source 111 is an alternator or a three-stage machine commonly used for the electrical generation of the aircraft network, the output voltage of which is regulated to a constant value independently of the speed of the rotating shaft.

[0129] Alternatively, any regulated voltage source such as a three-phase voltage inverter, a Park group can be considered.

[0130] Furthermore, the management of switches between one configuration and another configuration can be considered difficult in particular by the fact that, when the command arrives in permanent mode, the apparent power necessary for the at least one electrical load 200 is approximately equivalent to the limit apparent power ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network 110, that is to say that it oscillates numerically around the apparent power S. Therefore, switches, reflecting these oscillations, between the different configurations can be observed very closely. In addition, multiple load shedding of the at least one electrical load 200 can induce multiple configuration switches among the three power supply configurations of the power supply method 1.

[0131] Figures 4A and 4B schematically represent the linearization strategies of the three power supply configurations of the power supply method 1. These linearization strategies advantageously make it possible to calculate power references making it possible to compensate for the lack of active power or reactive power in the main network 110. The different linearization strategies can thus be defined according to two levels: a first level during which reference powers are determined, as shown in Figure 4A, and a second level during which a regulation of the current in the Park reference frame is determined, as shown in Figure 4B.

[0132] As previously observed, these linearization strategies allow a decoupling of control of the active power value P and the value of reactive power Q of the main network 110 on the two axes of the vector frame after Park transform during step 50. As stated previously, two axes are then identified according to the Park vector frame, namely the d axis and the q axis.

[0133] The control of the active power value P of the main network 110 provides information on the current directed on the d axis of the Park vector reference that the converter 122 must supply.

[0134] Each linearization strategy of the different configurations of the power supply method 1, namely the first configuration, the second configuration and the third configuration, thus makes it possible to define the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from so as to respect the conditions stated previously, as represented in figure 4A.

[0135] In the third configuration, the difference 1001 between the apparent power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ limit of the main network 110 and the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^is negative and a saturation makes it possible to impose a positive active current reference, by changing the sign of the active current for example. In other words, in the third configuration, the reactive power value Q of the main network is regulated to 0 and the active power value P is regulated to the apparent power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ limit of the main network so as to force the auxiliary network 120 to compensate all the reactive power by means of the reactive power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and provide the active power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ necessary to the main network 110.

[0136] Saturation allows to generate an active current reference in the inverter only when the difference 1001 between the apparent power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ main network limit 110 and the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ is negative, i.e. when the power supply method 1 is in the third configuration. Otherwise, when the power supply method 1 is in the first configuration or in the second configuration, the reference is set to 0.

[0137] The control of the reactive power value Q of the main network 110 informs about the current directed on the q axis in the Park frame that the converter 122 must supply according to the configuration of the power supply method 1.

[0138] The reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^corresponds, for its part, to the reference reactive power to allow the main network 110 to increase its available power to an apparent power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ limit knowing the active power, in the second configuration.

[0139] However, in the first power supply configuration of the power supply method 1, this power exceeds the reactive power value Q in the main network 110 and the saturation prevents any action of the converter 122.

[0140] And, according to the third power configuration of the power supply method 1, it is necessary to linearize the calculation of the reference reactive power value during the transient time of the regulation of the active power value. In established steady state, the reference reactive power is then zero.

[0141] Therefore, according to the first feeding configuration of the feeding method 1, the following conditions are defined: ^ ^lim ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≥ ^^

[0142] Indeed, the apparent power in the main network 110, image of the apparent power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^, being lower than the acceptable power limit for the main network 110, it is possible to define, according to a first linearization strategy, the active power P and the reactive power Q of the main network 110 as:

[0143] ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≥ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≥ ^^ => ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ − ^^ ≥ 0 ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ − ^^ ≥ 0

[0144] The two current references according to the Park frame can then be defined as follows, according to the first linearization strategy: ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^= 0 ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^= 0

[0145] Where ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and ^^^^ ^^ ^^ represent the reference currents along the d and q axes of the Park frame.

[0146] This first strategy of the first configuration then results in an absence of injection of compensation from the auxiliary network 120 and therefore a decoupling of the auxiliary network 120 and the main network 110 by the action of the hybridization contactor 126. The first linearization strategy therefore makes it possible to impose operation according to the first compensation configuration, by imposing ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≥ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≥ ^^ .

[0147] Regarding the second power configuration, the following conditions are defined: ^ ^lim

[0148] It is also possible to set the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^according to a second linearization strategy, through the following inequality: ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≥ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≤ ^^ => ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ − ^^ ≥ 0 ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ − ^^ ≤ 0

[0149] The two current references according to the Park frame can then be defined as follows, according to the second linearization strategy:

[0150] Where ^^ ^^ and ^^ ^^ represent coefficients of a known proportional-integral corrector. Alternatively, other correctors can also be considered.

[0151] In other words, the second linearization strategy according to the second power supply configuration makes it possible to impose a zero value on a current in the Park frame.

[0152] The objective is then to regulate the power of the aircraft electrical system 300 to lower it by injecting only reactive power, thus making it possible to limit the reactive power of the aircraft electrical system 300. The second linearization strategy thus allows operation according to the second compensation configuration by imposing ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≥ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≤ ^^ .

[0153] And, in the third configuration of feeding method 1, the following conditions are defined ^^lim < ^^ = � ^^² + ^^² ^^ ^^ ^^lim < ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^

[0154] However, the necessary apparent power of at least one electrical load 200 is greater than a limit apparent power ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and active power necessary of at least one electric load 200 is also greater than this same apparent power limit ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^. Thus, before compensation from the auxiliary network 120, it is possible to observe an excess of the power in the main network 110 compared to its design power limit. And, similarly, it is possible to observe an excess of the active power in the main network 110 compared to its design power limit.

[0155] Therefore, it is possible to define the active power P and the reactive power Q of the main network 110 as:

[0156] And, it is possible to define the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ according to a third linearization strategy, through the following inequality:

[0157] That is to say ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ − ^^ < 0 ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ − ^^ < 0

[0158] The two current references according to the Park reference can then be defined, in steady state, as follows:

[0159] The negative gain makes it possible to obtain a positive reference d-axis current and therefore a positive active power:

[0160] The third linearization strategy thus allows operation according to the third compensation configuration by imposing ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≤ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ≤ ^^ .

[0161] Each of the linearization strategies, namely the first linearization strategy, the second linearization strategy and the third linearization strategy, allowing to determine the active power references and reactive power, can be implemented according to a functional diagram shown in Figure 4A.

[0162] As shown in Figure 4B, following the determination of the energy compensation configuration, and therefore the linearization strategy and the active power and reactive power references, two nested loops in cascade make it possible to implement to control the converter 122: - A first external regulation loop 1010 which allows the control of the powers of the main network 110, that is to say the control of the active powers P and reactive powers Q of the network in order to limit the apparent power S. The external regulation loop 1010 provides current references at the output of the auxiliary network 120. In other words, the first external regulation loop 1010 imposes a current reference on the d axis and the q axis according to the Park reference frame at the level of the auxiliary network 120.For information purposes, the first internal control loop 1010 adds compensation terms related to the decoupling of the active power and reactive power values ​​and to the output voltage. - A second internal control loop 1020 which allows the control of the currents at the output of converter 122. More precisely, the second internal control loop 1020 comprises a first current regulator 1021 on the first axis of the Park frame, the d axis for example and a second current regulator 1022 on the second axis of the Park frame, the q axis.The first current regulator 1021 imposes a first control reference 1023 on the converter 122 along the first axis of the Park reference frame, the d reference frame, and the second current regulator 1022 imposes a second control reference 1024 on the converter 122 along the second axis of the Park reference frame, the q reference frame, so as to allow the converter 122, depending on the detected configuration, either the reactive power, or the reactive power and the active power, or no compensation to the at least one electrical load 200.

[0163] Figure 5 represents a graph of the energy compensation observed through feeding method 1 during a given period. According to the example represented by this graph, the apparent power ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^The limit of the main network 110 is 40 kVA. Thus, as long as the power demand, or in other words, the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^remains lower than the apparent power ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ limit of the main network 110, the power supply method 1 remains in the first configuration.

[0164] When the power demand, i.e. the value of the power required ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^to the at least one payload 200 exceeds the apparent power limit S set of the at least one AC voltage source 111 but the active power value required ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ remains less than or equal to the apparent power limit S set of the at least one AC voltage source 111, as illustrated in the intervals [0.5; 1.6] and [1.9; 2.5] in the graph of FIG. 5, the power supply method 1 then switches to an energy compensation configuration, i.e. the second configuration or the third energy compensation configuration in order to provide compensation in reactive power and possibly in active power from the auxiliary network 120.Therefore, an additional supply of reactive power can be observed from the auxiliary network 120 making it possible to extend, transiently, the apparent power value S beyond its base value. When switching to the second configuration or to the third configuration, the converter 122 provides power compensation by regulation as shown in FIG. 4B. This compensation not being instantaneous, the main network 110 observes a power transient whose value depends on the load impact, here 45kVA or 50kVA. This compensation is also carried out promptly so as to avoid any unwanted heating of the aircraft electrical system 300.

[0165] Conversely, if the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^is lower than the apparent power ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^limit of the main network 110, then the auxiliary network 120 provides no power and the power of the main network 110 provides all the power to the at least one electrical load 200, highlighting the first energy compensation configuration. This is the case on the intervals [0; 0.5], [1.6; 1.9] and [2.4; 2.7] on the graph of figure 5.

[0166] For reference, the power supply method 1 is in the second energy compensation configuration at the intervals [0.5; 0.8], [1.3; 1.6] and in the third configuration of energy compensation at the intervals [0.8; 1.3] and [1.9; 2.4].

[0167] The power supply method 1 also allows a reverse switch, i.e. a switch from the third power supply configuration to the second power supply configuration as shown at 1.3 seconds on the graph of Figure 5, and a switch from the second configuration to the first configuration when no compensation is necessary, as shown at 1.6 seconds on the graph of Figure 5. In addition, the power supply method 1 also allows a switch from the first configuration to the third configuration and vice versa during a large variation in the active power demand at the at least one electrical load 200, as shown at the interval [1.9; 2.4] on the graph of Figure 5.

[0168] Figure 6 illustrates the different compensation configurations in which the aircraft electrical system 300 can be found depending on the energy requirement of the at least one electrical load 200, and more precisely the application of the second configuration and the third energy compensation configuration. Thus, according to the second configuration, when the necessary active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^of the at least one electrical load 200 does not exceed the limit apparent power ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ The auxiliary network 120 only compensates a portion of the reactive power of the main network 110, as shown in the intervals [0.5; 0.8] and [1.4; 1.6] of the graph in Figure 6.

[0169] However, in the third configuration, the necessary active power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^of the at least one electrical load 200 exceeds the apparent power ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^limit. It is then possible to observe at the level of the auxiliary network 120 the fact that the auxiliary network 120 compensates, by means of the converter 122, all the reactive power of the main network 110, because of the regulation to 0 of the reactive power value in the main network 110 and provides the additional active power necessary to limit the network as illustrated on the interval [0.8; 1.4] of the graph in figure 6.

[0170] The power supply method 1, and the power supply device which applies the power supply method 1, thus have the advantage of making it possible to limit the powers of the main network 110, therefore seen by the electrical machine. It is then possible to size electrical machines that are sources of alternating current such as alternators as precisely as possible to accommodate average usage powers since the auxiliary network 120 can cope with occasional overloads subjected to the main network 110.

[0171] The solution is not intrusive and is completely separate from the main network control process 110.

[0172] The 1000 linearization strategy makes it possible to reduce the energy requirement of the 121 HVDC electrical energy storage element and therefore to reduce its mass on networks comprising inductive loads.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Method for supplying (1) electrical energy to at least one electrical load (200) in an aircraft electrical system (300), the aircraft electrical system (300) comprising a main network (110) and an auxiliary network (120), the main network (110) comprising: – at least one alternating voltage source (111) by mechanical tapping on a drive system (112) connected to a current generation control unit (113), the alternating voltage source (111) being connected to the at least one electrical load (200), the auxiliary network (120) comprising: – at least one electrical energy storage assembly (121), configured to provide an energy supplement to the at least one electrical load (200), – a converter (122) arranged between the electrical energy storage assembly (121) and the at least one electrical load (200), configured to convert a direct current into an alternating current,– a converter control module (123), configured to measure a voltage between the at least one AC voltage source (111) and the at least one electrical load (200) and to measure an electrical voltage between the converter (122) and the at least one electrical load (200), the power supply method (1) comprising the following steps: - Measurement (10) of a voltage at the at least one AC voltage source (111) and of a current between the at least one AC voltage source (111) and the at least one electrical load (200), - Calculation (30) of an apparent power value S in the main network (110) from the measurement of the voltage at the at least one AC voltage source (111) and of the current between the at least one AC voltage source (111) and the at least one electrical load (200), - Determination of a design limit apparent power value ^^, ^^ ^^ ^^of the main network (110), apparent power value limit for design ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ representing the maximum power value that the main network (110) can supply to the at least one electrical load (200) - Estimation (72) of a necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and of a necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ to the at least one electrical load (200), the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ representing the power value to be supplied to the at least one electrical load (200), the value of necessary power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^being composed in particular of the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^, - If the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^detected is greater than the apparent power value limit of dimensioning ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^of the main network (110), and, if the necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^estimated is lower than the apparent power S of the main network (110), injection (750) of a reactive power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network (120) into the main network (110), - If the necessary power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^detected is higher than the apparent power value limit of dimensioning ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^of the main network (110), and, if the estimated necessary active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ is greater than the apparent power S of the main network (110), injection (752) of a reactive power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the auxiliary network (120) into the main network (110) and of an active power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the auxiliary network (120) into the main network (110), - Otherwise, no injection of the auxiliary network (120) into the main network (110).

2. Power supply method (1) according to claim 1, in which the apparent power value S in the main network (110) is defined such that: P being an active power value of the main network (110) determined from the measurement of the voltage at the at least one alternating voltage source (111) and the current between the at least one alternating voltage source (111) and the at least one electrical load (200), ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^being a limit reactive power value for sizing the main network (110).

3. Power supply method (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising a step (40) of regulating the powers of the main network (110), following the step of calculating an apparent power value S in the main network (110), the step of regulating the powers of the main network (110) comprising the following steps: - Observation (45) of the characteristics of the main network (110) and of the auxiliary network (120), - Transformation (50) of the active power value P of the main network (110) and of a reactive power value Q of the main network (110) calculated according to a Park transformation, - Decoupling (60) of the transformed active power value P of the main network (110) and the transformed reactive power value Q of the main network (110), - Determination of a reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^in the main network (110), - Determination of a reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ in the main network (110), - Regulation of the active power P of the main network (110) by the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and the reactive power Q of the main network (110) by the reference reactive power value^^ ^^ ^^ ^^.

4. Power supply method (1) according to claim 3, wherein the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network (110) determined is greater than the active power value P of the main network (110) and the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network (110) determined is greater than the reactive power value Q.

5. Power supply method (1) according to claim 3, in which the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^of the main network (110) determined is greater than the active power value P of the main network (110) and the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network (110) determined is less than the reactive power value Q of the main network (110).

6. Power supply method (1) according to claim 3, wherein the reference active power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network (110) determined is lower than the active power value P of the main network (110) and the reference reactive power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^of the main network (110) determined is less than the reactive power value Q of the main network (110).

7. Device (100) for supplying electrical energy to at least one electrical load (200) in an aircraft electrical system (300), the aircraft electrical system (300) comprising a main network (110) and an auxiliary network (120), the main network (110) comprising: – at least one alternating voltage source (111) by mechanical sampling from a drive system (112) connected to a current generation control unit (113), the at least one alternating voltage source (111) being connected to the at least one electrical load (200), the auxiliary network (120) comprising: – at least one electrical energy storage assembly (121), configured to supply direct current to the at least one electrical load (200), – a converter (122) arranged between the electrical energy storage assembly (121) and the at least one electrical load (200), configured to convert a direct voltage into an alternating voltage, – a converter control module (123), configured to measure a voltage and an intensity between the at least one alternating voltage source (111) and the at least one electrical load (200) and to measure an electrical voltage and an intensity between the converter (122) and the at least one electrical load (200),the control module (123) being configured to inject: o additional reactive power ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ from the auxiliary network (120) into the main network (110) if a power value necessary ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ to the at least one detected electrical load (200) is greater than a limit apparent power value for design ^^, ^^ ^^ ^^ of the main network (110), and, if an estimated active power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ necessary to the at least one electrical load (200) is lower than an apparent power S of the main network (110), o a reactive power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ and an active power supplement ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ of the auxiliary network (120) in the main network (110) if a power value ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ necessary to the at least one electrical load (200) is higher than the design limit apparent power value ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^of the main network (110) and if the estimated active power value required ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^to the at least one electrical load (200) is greater than the apparent power S of the main network (110).

8. Power supply device (100) according to claim 7, wherein the at least one electrical energy storage assembly (121) is a battery.

9. Power supply device (100) according to claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the main network (110) and the auxiliary network (120) are three-phase networks.

10. Power supply device (100) according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the at least one alternating voltage source (111) is an alternator.

11. Power supply device (100) according to one of claims 7 to 10, comprising a filter (124) arranged between the converter (122) and the at least one electrical load (200).

12. Power supply device (100) according to one of claims 7 to 11, comprising a hybridization contactor (126) configured to couple and decouple the main network (110) and the auxiliary network (120).

Images