Application system, method for producing a transfer roller and application process

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for an intermittent process for applying a transfer layer of a transfer film onto a substrate, the system being designed to prevent friction produced between the roller outer surface of a transfer roller and a transfer film rear side of the transfer film during the application process from creating a potential difference which is greater than the breakdown voltage of the transfer film, the roller outer surface of the transfer roller and / or the surrounding gas phase. The invention also relates to a process for producing the transfer roller, and to an application method.

Description

[0001] LEONHARD KURZ Foundation & Co. KG, Schwabacher Str. 482, 90763 Fürth

[0002] System for application, method for producing a transfer roller and application method

[0003] The invention relates to a system for application, a method for producing a transfer roller and an application method.

[0004] It is known to apply transfer foils, at least partially, to a substrate by application processes in which the substrate and transfer foil are pressed together between two rollers in the roller nip. When using transfer foils in application processes with foil timing, it is possible that tree-shaped defects and / or blistering may occur on the surface of the decorated substrate or the applied transfer layer.

[0005] This relevant error can be explained by the fact that when two different plastic surfaces come into contact and rub against each other, for example, the outer surface of a transfer roller and the back of a transfer film, which have different Fermi levels, these two surfaces become charged. Thus, during the application step, an electrostatic charge is generated by friction between the outer surface of the roller and the back of the transfer film. This electrostatic charge can be understood as a potential difference between the two surfaces. This rubbing leads to an electrostatic charge and an electrical potential difference between the two surfaces after they are separated. This results in uncontrolled charging, and the potential difference is measurable as an electrical voltage.

[0006] The surface with the lower Fermi level represents the electron donor, and the surface with the higher Fermi level represents the electron acceptor. Thus, the outer surface of the roller and the back of the transfer film become charged after the contacting, friction, and spacing steps. The potential difference increases over the course of the process. After a sufficiently high potential difference, an uncontrolled discharge eventually occurs, which can lead to the error pattern described above during the application process, particularly during the application step of the process. Especially with transfer rollers with soft outer surfaces, the risk of inducing a potential difference is increased because the contact area between the surfaces is larger.

[0007] There is therefore a need to avoid the error described above in a clocked application process.

[0008] The object of the invention is to provide a system that enables a timed application process in which the error pattern described above is avoided. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an improved transfer roller and an improved application process.

[0009] The object is achieved by a system for a timed application process of a transfer layer to a substrate, in particular by a system according to one of claims 1 to 21, comprising a transfer roller and a counterpressure roller, and a transfer film, wherein the transfer roller has an outer roller surface and the transfer roller and the counterpressure roller form a roller gap, wherein the transfer film has a carrier layer and a transfer layer that can be detached from the carrier layer, and the transfer film back side is formed by the carrier layer and the transfer film front side is formed by the transfer layer, wherein the transfer film back side is in contact with the outer roller surface of the transfer roller and the transfer film front side is in contact with the substrate in the roller gap, wherein the transfer layer is applied to the substrate at least in some areas, wherein the system is designed in such a way that it is avoided,that the friction between the outer surface of the roller and the back of the transfer film during the application process creates a potential difference that is greater than the breakdown voltage of the transfer film, the outer surface of the transfer roller and / or the surrounding gas phase.

[0010] Furthermore, the object is achieved by a method for producing a transfer roller with an outer roller surface according to one of claims 1 to 21, preferably by a method for producing a transfer roller according to claims 22 to 43, the method comprising the following steps, in particular in the order a), b), c), d) or a), c), b), d): a) providing a transfer roller, b) arranging a rubber layer on the transfer roller, c) arranging a functional layer on the rubber layer, d) obtaining a transfer roller, wherein the functional layer forms the outer roller surface of the transfer roller.

[0011] Furthermore, the object is achieved by a method, in particular by a method according to one of claims 44 to 47, for the synchronized application of a transfer layer to a substrate, in particular by means of a system according to one of claims 1 to 21, wherein a transfer roller with an outer roller surface and a counter-pressure roller form a roller gap, wherein the transfer film, which comprises a carrier layer and a transfer layer that can be detached from the carrier layer, is fed along the transfer roller into the roller gap, wherein the carrier layer forms the back of the transfer film and is in contact with the outer roller surface of the transfer roller, and wherein the transfer layer is brought into contact with the substrate in the roller gap, wherein the transfer layer is at least partially transferred to the substrate, wherein during the method a potential difference resulting from the friction between the outer roller surface of the transfer roller and the back of the transfer film,which is greater than the breakdown voltage of the transfer film, the outer surface of the transfer roller and / or the surrounding gas phase, is avoided.

[0012] Furthermore, it is also possible to provide a rubber layer or a rubber coating, in particular a printing blanket, which forms the outer surface of the roller, for use in the system according to one of claims 1 to 21.

[0013] A cycled process is understood to be a process in which individual process steps are carried out directly one after the other, whereby the process is carried out inline. To carry out a process, it is possible for the different process steps to be carried out in the same period of time. Depending on the respective process step, it may therefore be necessary to stop the feed - for example of a transfer film - at least locally. For example, in the application process, in particular in the process step of applying the transfer layer to the substrate, the feed of the transfer film in the roller gap can be stopped locally in order to make optimal use of the transfer film and ultimately to reduce costs and waste.This "transfer foil stopping" would be possible, on the one hand, by moving a dancer roller that is in contact with the transfer foil (foil storage) and / or by stopping an unwinding device for feeding the transfer foil. The subject matter of the present invention makes it possible to avoid or at least significantly reduce the potential differences generated between the roller surface and the carrier layer due to the different Fermi levels during the timed application process. As a result, this prevents uncontrolled discharges from occurring during the process and prevents the described defect pattern from occurring during the application process.

[0014] This offers the advantage of reducing the production of defective surfaces and thus waste. This allows the production process to be carried out more efficiently and with lower financial expenditure. Furthermore, by avoiding or at least reducing the potential difference, the risk of electric shocks to the responsible personnel (due to static charges) and / or damage to the system or equipment is minimized. Since electric shocks also represent a potential ignition source, the risk of a machine fire is also reduced if an ignitable environment is present.

[0015] A further advantage associated with reducing, minimizing or avoiding the potential difference is that the adhesion of dust or smaller particles to the surfaces of the device or product is significantly reduced.

[0016] Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

[0017] It is possible for the transfer roller to have a rubber layer comprising rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber. The transfer roller can have a printing blanket, a cover, or a coating, in particular wherein the rubber layer is formed from the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating. The cover and / or the printing blanket can be single-layered and / or multi-layered. The coating can be single-layered and / or multi-layered.

[0018] The roller gap is, in particular, the gap between the outer surface of the transfer roller and the counterpressure roller. Preferably, a clamping device is provided on the transfer roller, in which clamping aids are held and / or secured, in particular, in a force-fitting and / or form-fitting manner.

[0019] Preferably, a printing blanket or cover is provided as the rubber layer, wherein the functional layer is applied to the printing blanket or cover to obtain a printing blanket or cover comprising the functional layer. The printing blanket or cover is then placed on the roller.

[0020] It is also possible to provide a printing blanket or a cover as the rubber layer, which is arranged on the transfer roller. Furthermore, it is possible to apply a coating composition to the transfer roller, thereby obtaining a coating. A transfer roller comprising the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating is obtained. Subsequently, the functional layer is applied to the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating. In each of the alternatives described above, a transfer roller is obtained in which the functional layer forms the outer surface of the roller.

[0021] The printing blanket, cover, or coating preferably comprises rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber. The rubber layer, in particular the printing blanket, cover, or coating, is preferably compressible or incompressible, or is provided in such a manner. The printing blanket preferably has attached tensioning aids, in particular in the form of two metal strips. In particular, the printing blanket is attached to the transfer roller by means of the tensioning aids via a tensioning device located on the transfer roller. In particular, it is possible to use a printing blanket from an offset printing process or an offset printing device.

[0022] The cover is preferably in the form of a sleeve or tube. In particular, the cover is designed to be pulled over the transfer roller, with the diameter of the cover being adapted to the diameter of the transfer roller in such a way that it does not slip during the application process. It is possible to reduce the diameter of the cover by heat after it has been applied to the transfer roller, thus ensuring a precise fit.

[0023] It is possible to provide at least one coating composition which, after application on the transfer roller, results in at least one coating. The coating composition preferably comprises one or more of the following components, selected from the group consisting of reactive resins, in particular one-component systems, two-component systems, multi-component systems, polymer melts, polymer dispersions, polymer solutions, or combinations thereof. Preferably, a fabric is incorporated into the coating after or during application and before curing and / or drying. More preferably, the coating is vulcanized after application, even more preferably cold-vulcanized.

[0024] It is possible to provide the coating by means of a spray coating and / or by means of a corresponding adhesive process and / or by a shrink-fitting process. It is possible for the rubber layer, in particular the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating, to be multi-layered and have at least one fabric layer, or to be provided or applied in such a way. Alternatively, it is possible for the rubber layer, in particular the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating, to be single-layered or to be applied in such a way.

[0025] Preferably, the rubber layer, preferably a volume unit of the rubber layer, in particular of the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating, comprises the components rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber, fabric, and gas. It is possible for the rubber layer, preferably the volume unit of the rubber layer, in particular of the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating, to have the following composition, wherein the composition is selected such that it totals 100 vol.%:

[0026] Rubber, especially soft rubber or hard rubber:

[0027] 30 vol% to 60 vol%, more preferably 35 vol% to 55 vol%, even more preferably 40 vol% to 50 vol%,

[0028] Tissue:

[0029] 30 vol% to 60 vol%, more preferably 35 vol% to 55 vol%, even more preferably 40 vol% to 50 vol%,

[0030] Gas:

[0031] 0 vol% to 25 vol%, more preferably 1 vol% to 15 vol%, even more preferably from 5 vol% to 15 vol%.

[0032] It is possible that the outer surface of the roller is or will be formed by a functional layer. Preferably, the outer surface of the roller does not contain any rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber. The outer surface of the roller is preferably understood to mean the outer surface of the transfer roller, which is more preferably formed by the functional layer.

[0033] It is possible for the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, to be designed in such a way that the charge generated by friction is removed. Preferably, the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, is conductive or dissipative, or is designed in such a way.

[0034] Preferably, the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, has a surface resistance R nselected from a range of 0.001 Q / n to 5000 Q / n, preferably from 0.01 Q / n to 500 Q / n, more preferably from 0.1 Q / n to 1 Q / n.

[0035] In particular, the surface resistance R n measured or determined using the 2-point method (2PP), and / or the 4-point method (4PP) and / or the Hall effect method and / or the Van der Pauw method, whereby all methods are electrical test methods used for the contact-based testing of the electrical parameter sheet resistance, in particular sheet resistance R n the functional layer, are applicable.

[0036] If, however, the sheet resistance Rn is to be measured contactlessly, it may be preferable to use the eddy current method, in which so-called eddy currents are induced in the conductive materials, which then lead to a secondary field opposite to the primary field, which then determines the sheet resistance, in particular the sheet resistance R n the functional layer.

[0037] The surface resistance R n Describes the electrical resistance measured on the surface of a layer and is expressed in units of Q / n (ohms per square). It is therefore fundamentally different from the volume resistance of a body. It is possible to calculate the surface resistance R n as a sheet resistor, especially a

[0038] In particular, the surface resistance R n the sheet resistance of the functional layer.

[0039] In this context, it should be emphasized that several industries rely on their own measurement standards for determining sheet resistance using eddy current.

[0040] One such standard is ASTM F1844-97(2016) (issue date: 2016-05), a standard method for measuring the sheet resistance of thin-film conductors used in flat panel display manufacturing. It is possible that the sheet resistance is determined using a method described in ASTM F1844-97(2016).

[0041] Conductive is understood when the layer has a surface resistance R n of less than 1x10 6 Q / n. Dissipative is understood when the layer has a surface resistance R n selected from the range of 1x10 6 Q / n up to 1x10 9 Q / n. The outer surface of the roller is considered non-conductive if it has a surface resistance R n of more than 1x10 9Q / n.

[0042] It is possible for the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, to have conductive or dissipative components. In particular, the functional layer comprises metals, in particular selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, tantalum, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, or mixtures and alloys thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the functional layer comprises aluminum. It is possible for the functional layer to have a metal alloy selected from the group consisting of iron-nickel, copper-nickel, nickel-copper, nickel-chromium, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, consists entirely of metal, in particular selected from the above group, or comprises a binder, in particular a polymer. The binder can be conductive, dissipative, or non-conductive.

[0043] Preferably, the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, comprises conductive or dissipative carbon modifications, in particular selected from the group consisting of graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphite, carbon black, or combinations thereof. It is possible for the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, to comprise conductive or dissipative polymers. It is possible for the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, to comprise a combination of metal, conductive or dissipative carbon modification, and / or conductive or dissipative polymers.

[0044] It is possible for the Fermi level of the outer roller surface, in particular of the functional layer, and the carrier layer to be and / or are adapted to one another. The difference between the Fermi levels of the outer roller surface, in particular of the functional layer, and the carrier layer is and / or is reduced. Adaptation can be achieved, for example, by selectively selecting the components of the outer roller surface, in particular of the functional layer, and the carrier layer. In particular, the Fermi level 0 of the outer roller surface of the transfer roller, in particular of the functional layer, and of the carrier layer is essentially the same, in particular in the cleaned state and / or under standard climate conditions. In particular, the outer roller surface, in particular the functional layer, is non-conductive or is designed to be non-conductive.

[0045] In particular, it is possible for the components of the outer roller surface, in particular the functional layer, and the carrier layer to be selected such that the work function of the outer roller surface, in particular the functional layer, and the carrier layer differs by at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 15%. The work function is the minimum energy that must be expended to release an electron from an uncharged solid, in particular the functional layer and / or the carrier layer.

[0046] According to DIN EN ISO 139:2011 -10 (“Textiles - Standard atmospheres for sample preparation and testing (ISO 139:2005 + Amd.1:2011); German version EN ISO 139:2005 + A1:2011”, issue date: 2011-10), standard atmosphere means a temperature of 20 °C and a relative humidity of 50% at an air pressure of 1013 mbar.

[0047] Preferably, the components of the outer roller surface, in particular the functional layer, and the carrier layer are selected such that they are close to one another with reference to the triboelectric series. In particular, the distance in the triboelectric series between the outer roller surface and the carrier layer is smaller than the distance between the outer roller surface and the carrier layer to the air or rubber layer. The triboelectric series indicates the electron affinity of a material on a surface. The closer the material is to the positive end of the series, the more electrons are released upon friction of the surface against the surface of a second material, which is further to the negative end of the series.

[0048] Preferably, the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, is or will be formed from the same polymer as the carrier layer.

[0049] It is possible for the polymer of the outer roller surface, in particular of the functional layer, and of the carrier layer to be selected from the group consisting of PFP, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyetherimide (PEI), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), cellophane, polylactide (PLA), cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate (CTA), biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BO-PET), starch blends, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or copolymers and / or blends and / or multilayer composites thereof. The polymer of the outer roller surface, in particular of the functional layer, is preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate, preferably biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate.

[0050] PFP is a paper-film-paper composite, which, in particular, comprises a plastic film as the core layer and two outer paper layers bonded to the core layer. PFP can be produced, in particular, by lamination from several prefabricated material layers, which can be bonded together, in particular, using adhesive.

[0051] Due to the outer paper surface, PFP has good printability and writable properties and is nevertheless more tear-resistant than a single paper layer.

[0052] BO-PET means biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate, in particular a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, and the carrier layer, in particular the backing of the transfer film, consist essentially of polyethylene terephthalate, preferably biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate. In a further preferred embodiment, the outer surface of the roller, in particular the functional layer, and the carrier layer, in particular the backing of the transfer film, consist essentially of polycarbonate.

[0054] It is possible that the outer surface of the roller, especially the

[0055] Functional layer formed from components having a dielectric strength selected from a range of 5 kV / mm to 800 kV / mm, preferably from 100 kV / mm to 350 kV / mm, more preferably from 150 kV / mm to 300 kV / mm, in particular measured under standard climate conditions and preferably on clean surfaces. In particular, the dielectric strength is determined according to a method described in DIN EN 60243-2 VDE 0303-22:2014-08 ("Electrical breakdown strength of insulating materials - Test methods", issue date: 2014-08).

[0056] The following Table 1 lists typical plastic materials and their dielectric strength at a temperature of 23 °C.

[0057] Table 1: Dielectric strength Ed of films made of typical plastic materials at a temperature of 23°C.

[0058] Dielectric strength is the maximum electric field strength that may prevail in a non-conductive body with a defined thickness without a voltage breakdown occurring, or the electric field strength at which the conductivity of an insulator increases by several orders of magnitude.

[0059] The potential difference at which the voltage breakdown occurs is called the breakdown voltage. According to the invention, the potential difference between the transfer film, the outer surface of the roller, and / or the surrounding gas phase must be below the breakdown voltage.

[0060] The value of the dielectric strength depends on various factors, in particular the thickness of the carrier layer, surface quality of the carrier layer, coating of the carrier layer, composition of the carrier layer, charge state of the carrier, humidity, temperature, pressure and composition of the gas phase surrounding the system, water absorption capacity of the carrier layer, compressibility of the layer that forms the outer surface of the roller and / or the carrier layer, as well as the adhesive properties of the adhesive on the substrate, which is necessary for the transfer of the carrier film layers, in particular the transfer layer, and inevitably influences the gas phase surrounding the system due to solvent or substance evaporation.

[0061] Preferably, the functional layer is in contact with the rubber layer, in particular with the printing blanket, the cover or the coating, or is arranged in such a way.

[0062] The functional layer can be single-layered or multi-layered. The functional layer is preferably arranged over the entire surface of the rubber layer.

[0063] It is possible for the functional layer to be deposited from the vapor phase, in particular with a layer thickness selected from the range of 5 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 200 nm, more preferably from 30 nm to 55 nm. In particular, conductive polymers or the aforementioned metals or metal alloys are deposited. In particular, a conductive or dissipative roller outer surface, in particular a functional layer, is obtained.

[0064] It is possible for the functional layer to be deposited from a salt solution, in particular with a layer thickness selected from the range of 5 nm to 600 nm, preferably from 20 nm to 300 nm, more preferably from 70 nm to 150 nm. In particular, a conductive or dissipative roller outer surface, in particular functional layer, made of the above-mentioned metals, in particular silver, is obtained.

[0065] Preferably, an aqueous salt solution is present, to which a reducing agent is added. The salt solution preferably comprises salts selected from the group consisting of AgNO3, NiSO4, CuSO4, K[AU(CN)2], Na3[Au(SO3)2], SnCl, or combinations thereof. Examples of metallization electrolytes (source: "Verfahren der Oberflächentechnik," 1st edition 2004, ISBN 9783446222281) include:

[0066] Ag deposition:

[0067] • 0.6 g silver nitrate

[0068] 50 ml distilled H2O

[0069] 0.8 g NaOH and 50 ml distilled H2O and a few drops of 25% NH4OH

[0070] Ni deposition:

[0071] • NiSO4■ 7 H2O 20 g / l to 30 g / l

[0072] NaH2PO2 ■ H2O 10 g / l to 20 g / l

[0073] Acetic acid 10 g / l with NaOH to pH 4.5

[0074] Thiourea 0.7 mg / l

[0075] • NiSO4■ 7 H2O 20 g / l

[0076] NaH2PO2■ H2O 15 g / l

[0077] Lactic acid 30 g / l

[0078] Propionic acid 3 g / l

[0079] Pb(NOs)2 1 mg / l with Na acetate to pH 4 to 5

[0080] • NiSO4■ 7 H2O 20 g / l

[0081] NaH2PO2■ H2O 15 g / l

[0082] Citric acid 15 g / l

[0083] Na2B4O7 ■ 10 H2O 15 g / l with NaOH to pH 9.5

[0084] Cu deposition:

[0085] • CuSO4■ 5 H2O 10 g / l

[0086] Methanal (formalin solution 30%) 20 ml / l

[0087] EDTA 16 g / l

[0088] NaOH 10 g / l • CuSO4■ 5 H20 5 bis 10 g / l

[0089] Methanal (Formalinlösung 30%) 35 ml / l

[0090] Kalium-Natriumtartrat KNaC^CM ■ 4 H2O 5 bis 10 g / l

[0091] Thioharnstoff 0.05 mg / l

[0092] NaOH 4 g / l to 5 g / l

[0093] Au-Abscheidung:

[0094] • K[AU(CN)2] 5 g / l bis 15 g / l

[0095] KBH412 g / l bis 17 g / l

[0096] KCN 10 g / l to 15 g / l

[0097] KOH 10 g / l to 13 g / l

[0098] • K[AU(CN)2] 5 g / l

[0099] COCI2■ 6 H2O 20 g / l

[0100] NiCl2■ 6 H2O 10 g / l

[0101] Thioharnstoff 25 g / l

[0102] Ammonium hydrogen citrate 20 g / l

[0103] • Na3[Au(SO3)2] 0.6 g / l

[0104] Methanal (Formalinlösung 30 %) 20 ml / l 0.3 g / l bis 0.5 g / l

[0105] Na2SO35 g / l

[0106] Ethylenediamine (50%) 0.85 g / l

[0107] Sodium citrate dihydrate 8 g / l

[0108] NH4CI 15 g / l

[0109] Sn deposition:

[0110] • SnCl2■ 2 H2O 7.5 g / l

[0111] Na2HPO2■ 7 H2O 2 g / l

[0112] EDTA 15 g / l

[0113] Sodium acetate 10 g / l

[0114] Benzenesulfonic acid 1 ml / l SnCl2■ 2 H2O 5 g / l

[0115] Thiourea 50 g / l H2SO4 20 g / l

[0116] It is possible that the functional layer is obtained using at least one of the above salt mixtures.

[0117] It is possible for the functional layer to be applied or present as a lacquer layer. Preferably, the lacquer layer is or will be applied with a layer thickness selected from the range of 2 μm to 100 μm, preferably from 10 μm to 25 μm. The functional layer is preferably applied as a print lacquer, spray lacquer, reactive lacquer, or a combination thereof.

[0118] It is possible that the functional layer, in particular the lacquer layer, is printed, in particular by a printing process and / or spraying process selected from the group consisting of letterpress printing, planographic printing, screen printing, gravure printing, inkjet printing or combinations thereof.

[0119] It is possible for the functional layer to be made of a conductive ink and applied as a conductive or dissipative ink layer. The conductive ink is, in particular, a silver conductive ink or conductive silver, a copper conductive ink, and / or a graphite conductive ink.

[0120] In particular, the conductive ink or the conductive or dissipative ink layer comprises one or more of the following particles, in particular nanoparticles: silver, copper, conductive carbon modifications, in particular graphene, carbon nanotubes or graphite, carbon black, gold, aluminum, and / or metal alloys. In particular, a conductive or dissipative roller outer surface, in particular a functional layer, is obtained.

[0121] The conductive ink preferably comprises a lacquer, a polymer dispersion, a polymer solution, or a synthetic resin as a binder. Synthetic resins are also preferably suitable as a conductive adhesive, i.e., in particular for forming an adhesive layer in the functional layer. The lacquer layer, in particular a conductive or dissipative lacquer layer, preferably comprises a polymer as a binder.

[0122] As an alternative to the conductive ink, it is possible to apply and / or use a non-conductive ink layer to selectively dissipate charges resulting from the clocking. The non-conductive ink layer preferably comprises a polymer dispersion, polymer solution, or synthetic resin as a binder. The non-conductive ink layer preferably comprises a non-conductive polymer as a binder. In other words, the ink layer contains no conductive or dissipative components.

[0123] Preferably, the non-conductive lacquer layer or its binder is or will be formed from the same polymer as the carrier layer. It is possible for the polymer of the non-conductive lacquer layer and the carrier layer to be selected from the group consisting of PFP, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, cellophane, polylactide, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, BO-PET, starch blends, polymethyl methacrylate, or copolymers and / or blends thereof. Preferably, the polymer of the non-conductive lacquer layer and the carrier layer is polyethylene terephthalate.

[0124] Preferably, the coating layer, in particular the conductive or dissipative coating layer or the non-conductive coating layer, comprises a solvent-based or water-based binder. The binder can be single-component, two-component, or multi-component.

[0125] The lacquer layer, in particular the conductive or dissipative lacquer layer or the non-conductive lacquer layer, is preferably single-layered or multi-layered. It is possible for the functional layer, preferably the lacquer layer, more preferably the conductive or dissipative lacquer layer or the non-conductive lacquer layer, to comprise multiple layers that differ in composition. It is also possible for the lacquer layer, in particular the conductive or dissipative lacquer layer or the non-conductive lacquer layer, to be or become configured as a layered composite. For example, the lacquer layer, in particular the conductive or dissipative lacquer layer, can be present in conjunction with one or more vapor-deposited metal layers or transparent oxide layers.

[0126] In one embodiment, it is possible for the functional layer to be provided as a film. The film is preferably laminated or embossed onto the printing blanket, the cover or the coating. Preferably, the film is a metal foil or is provided as such. Preferably, this film, in particular the metal foil, has a layer thickness in the range from 2 μm to 200 μm, preferably from 5 μm to 100 μm, more preferably from 20 μm to 40 μm, in particular where the layer thicknesses are layer thicknesses of the pure metal foil, without additionally applied layers. An adhesive layer, in particular for arranging the metal foil on the outer surface of the roller, preferably has a layer thickness in the range from 5 μm to 250 μm, preferably from 10 μm to 100 μm, more preferably from 20 μm to 50 μm.

[0127] More preferably, the film is a polymer film or is provided as such. This film, in particular the polymer film, preferably has a layer thickness selected from the range from 4 pm to 500 pm, preferably from 6 pm to 50 pm, more preferably from 6 pm to 12 pm, wherein the layer thicknesses are layer thicknesses of the pure polymer film without additionally applied layers. An adhesive layer, in particular for arranging the polymer film on the outer surface of the roll, preferably has a layer thickness in the range from 5 pm to 250 pm, preferably from 10 pm to 100 pm, more preferably from 20 pm to 50 pm.

[0128] If the film is provided as a polymer film, a non-conductive outer roller surface is preferably obtained. Preferably, the polymer film is or will be formed from the same polymer as the carrier layer, wherein the polymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of PFP, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, cellophane, polylactide, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, BO-PET, starch blends, polymethyl methacrylate or copolymers and / or blends thereof. Preferably, the polymer film is or will be provided from polyethylene terephthalate, preferably from biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate.

[0129] If the functional layer is provided as a metal foil, a conductive or dissipative roller outer surface is obtained, in particular from the metals or metal alloys described above.

[0130] Furthermore, it is also possible to provide a polymer film having a metal layer as the film, with the metal layer being arranged on the side of the film facing away from the roller. As a result, the metal layer, in particular made of the metals or metal alloys described above, forms the outer surface of the roller, resulting in a conductive or dissipative outer surface.

[0131] The polymer film preferably has a layer thickness in the range from 4 pm to 500 pm, preferably from 6 pm to 50 pm, more preferably from 6 pm to 12 pm. It is possible for the metal layer to be deposited from the vapor phase, in particular with a layer thickness in the range from 5 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 200 nm, more preferably from 30 nm to 55 nm. In particular, metals or metal alloys are deposited here, in particular selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, tantalum, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, or mixtures and alloys thereof.

[0132] It is possible for an adhesive layer to be arranged between the film, in particular the polymer film or the metal foil, and the rubber layer, in particular the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for the film, in particular the polymer film or the metal foil, to be provided with an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is arranged on the side of the film facing the roller. The adhesive layer is preferably arranged with or has a layer thickness selected from the range of 5 μm to 250 μm, preferably from 10 μm to 100 μm, more preferably from 20 μm to 50 μm.

[0133] It is possible that, if a printing blanket is used as the rubber layer and the functional layer is provided as a film, in particular polymer film and / or metal foil, the film is clamped onto the printing blanket via clamping aids, in particular in the form of two metal strips. For this purpose, in particular the printing blanket and the film are connected together by two clamping aids, preferably by two metal strips, in particular wherein the printing blanket is then fastened or stretched on the transfer roller via the two clamping aids and by means of a tensioning device located on the transfer roller. This results in a printing blanket which comprises the film, in particular polymer film and / or metal foil. Alternatively, the functional layer can be provided as a tube, sleeve or cover, which can be designed like the film described above, in particular polymer film and / or metal foil.In other words, the film can be configured as a tube, sleeve, or cover. The film preferably has a layer thickness in the range of 4 μm to 500 μm, preferably 6 μm to 50 μm, more preferably 6 μm to 12 μm, and is preferably a polymer film.

[0134] It is possible for the carrier layer to consist of a component selected from the group consisting of PFP, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, cellophane, polybutylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, or copolymers, polylactide, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, BO-PET, starch blends, and / or blends thereof. The carrier layer is preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate, more preferably of biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate, and is particularly non-conductive.

[0135] Furthermore, the carrier layer can be a coextrudate, a triextrudate, or a multiextrudate from the above group. Furthermore, the carrier layer can be filled or coated. It is possible for the carrier layer to be a multilayer composite and / or a fabric carrier. A biopolymer-based carrier layer is also possible.

[0136] It is possible that the carrier layer has or is provided with a layer thickness selected from the range of 4 pm to 5000 pm, preferably from 6 pm to 250 pm, more preferably from 9 pm to 23 pm.

[0137] It is possible for the carrier layer to have, or be provided with, surface properties selected from the group consisting of smooth, rough, fully or partially structured and / or microstructured, perforated, fully or partially coated, or combinations thereof. Furthermore, it is possible for the carrier layer to be colored and / or transparent or opaque. The transfer film or substrate can be provided as a roll or sheet.

[0138] The system according to the invention can preferably be arranged in a device, preferably a cold stamping device and / or a hot stamping device. The method performed with the system and / or the device or the application method according to the invention is preferably a cold stamping method or a hot stamping method.

[0139] Preferably, the device and / or the system comprises at least one or more devices for receiving film rolls, in particular the transfer film and / or the carrier layer and / or the substrate.

[0140] Preferably, the device and / or the system comprises an unwinding device with which the provided transfer film can be fed to the process and which is arranged in front of the roller gap in the feed direction.

[0141] Preferably, the device and / or system comprises a winding device with which the carrier layer can be removed from the process and which is arranged downstream of the roller nip in the feed direction. Preferably, the device comprises a clamping device for securing the clamping aids above the transfer roller.

[0142] The device preferably has one or more printing devices, in particular devices for letterpress, planographic printing, screen printing, gravure printing, inkjet printing or combinations thereof, which are arranged upstream of the system in the feed direction, in particular upstream of the roller nip. Preferably, in particular by at least one of the printing devices, an adhesive layer, in particular a cold stamping adhesive layer or a hot stamping adhesive layer, is applied to the substrate. The adhesive layer is preferably a UV-curable adhesive layer. It can be advantageous if the device has a curing device, in particular comprising a UV source, for curing the adhesive layer. This is advantageous if the device and / or the system is arranged in a cold stamping process or is a cold stamping device.

[0143] It is possible for the transfer roller and / or the counterpressure roller to be heatable, especially if a hot-stamping adhesive layer is present or arranged on the substrate or the transfer layer. The adhesive layer is preferably a hot-melt adhesive layer. This is advantageous if the device and / or system is arranged in a hot-stamping process or is a hot-stamping device.

[0144] In particular, the system and / or device comprises at least one control device for controlling the feed of the transfer film and / or the substrate to the roller nip. In particular, the feed of the transfer film in the roller nip is stopped by stopping the unwinding device and / or winding device of the transfer film, adjusting the film tension of the transfer film, and / or moving a dancer roller that is in contact with the transfer film.

[0145] It is possible for the amount of the maximum number of revolutions of the transfer roller of a point arranged on the outer surface of the roller to be in the range from 500 revolutions / h to 30,000 revolutions / h, preferably from 5,000 revolutions / h to 24,000 revolutions / h, more preferably from 15,000 revolutions / h to 18,000 revolutions / h, in particular with respect to the center of the roller.

[0146] Of course, the above-mentioned material features can also be applied equivalently in a process, or the above-mentioned process features can be applied in a product. The invention is explained below using several exemplary embodiments with the aid of the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments shown are therefore not to be understood as limiting.

[0147] Fig. 1 and 2 show schematic representations of a system.

[0148] Fig. 3a, b and 4a, b show schematic representations of an application method in which a potential difference is induced.

[0149] Fig. 5a, b show schematic representations of a

[0150] Application method in which no potential difference is induced.

[0151] Fig. 6a to 6f show schematic representations of roller outer surfaces.

[0152] Fig. 1 shows a system 1 according to the invention for a timed application method of a transfer layer 11 to a substrate 7. In particular, the system 1 shown in Fig. 1 can be used to carry out the method according to the invention for the timed application of a transfer layer 11 to the substrate 7. The system 1 comprises a transfer roller 2, which has an outer roller surface 4, and a counter-pressure roller 3. The transfer roller 2 and counter-pressure roller 3 together form a roller nip 5. The system 1 further comprises a transfer film 10, wherein the transfer film 10 comprises a carrier layer 12 and a transfer layer 11 that can be detached from the carrier layer 12. The back side 121 of the transfer film is formed by the carrier layer 12 and the front side of the transfer film is formed by the transfer layer 11.The transfer film back side 121 is in contact with the outer roller surface 4 and the transfer film front side in the roller gap 5 - gap between the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 and the counter-pressure roller 3 - with a substrate 7. In the roller gap, the transfer layer 11 is applied at least partially to the substrate 7.

[0153] The system 1 according to the invention is designed such that no potential difference is generated by the friction, in particular electrostatic charging induced by the friction, between the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 and the back of the transfer film 121 during the timing step between the application steps, in particular the application steps of the method, and in particular no electrical voltage is generated by the potential difference that exceeds the breakdown voltage of the transfer film 10, the outer roller surface 4 and / or the surrounding gas phase.

[0154] Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the process cycle in which the feed of the transfer film 10 into the roller gap 5—the gap between the outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 and the counterpressure roller 3—is stopped. This is possible, for example, in the process step of timing between the application of the transfer layer 11 to the substrate 7. This is possible by moving a dancer roller that is in contact with the transfer film 10, adjusting the film tension, and / or by stopping an unwinding device for feeding the transfer film 10.

[0155] It is possible for the transfer roller 2 to have a rubber layer 9 comprising rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber. The transfer roller 2 can have a printing blanket, a cover, or a coating, in particular wherein the rubber layer 9 is formed from the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating. The cover and / or the printing blanket can be single-layered and / or multi-layered. The coating can be single-layered and / or multi-layered. A tensioning device 14 is provided on the transfer roller 2, in which tensioning aids 13 are each held or fastened, in particular in a force-fitting and / or form-fitting manner.

[0156] The transfer roller 2 according to the invention with an outer roller surface is produced according to a method according to the invention, the method comprising the following steps, in particular in the order a), b), c), d) or a), c), b), d): a) providing a transfer roller 2, b) arranging a rubber layer 9 on the transfer roller 2, c) arranging a functional layer 6 on the rubber layer 9, d) obtaining a transfer roller 2, the functional layer 6 forming the outer roller surface 4.

[0157] Preferably, the printing blanket or cover is provided as the rubber layer 9, wherein the functional layer 6 is applied to the printing blanket or cover to obtain the printing blanket or cover comprising the functional layer 6. The printing blanket or cover is then arranged on the roller. The printing blanket preferably has tensioning aids 13, in particular in the form of two metal strips. In particular, the printing blanket is fastened to the transfer roller 2 via the tensioning aids 13 and by means of a tensioning device 14 located on the transfer roller, not shown in detail here. In the tensioning device 14, the tensioning aids 13 are each held or fastened in particular in a force-fitting and / or form-fitting manner.

[0158] The cover is preferably in the form of a sleeve or a tube. In particular, the cover is designed such that it can be pulled over the transfer roller 2, with the diameter of the cover being adapted to the diameter of the transfer roller 2 in such a way that it does not slip during the application process. It is possible for the diameter of the cover to be reduced by heat after placement on the transfer roller, thus ensuring a precise fit of the cover on the transfer roller.

[0159] Furthermore, it is possible to provide at least one coating composition, which, after application on the transfer roller 2, results in at least one coating. The coating composition preferably comprises one or more of the following components, selected from the group consisting of reactive resins, in particular one-component systems, two-component systems, multi-component systems, polymer melts, polymer dispersions, polymer solutions, or combinations thereof. Preferably, a fabric is incorporated into the coating after or during application and before curing and / or drying. Further preferably, the coating is vulcanized after application, even more preferably cold-vulcanized.

[0160] It is possible to provide the coating by means of a spray coating and / or by means of an appropriate adhesive process and / or by means of a shrink-fitting process.

[0161] It is possible for the rubber layer 9, in particular the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating, to be multi-layered and have at least one fabric layer, or to be provided or applied in such a way. Alternatively, it is possible for the rubber layer 9, in particular the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating, to be single-layered or to be applied in such a way.

[0162] Preferably, the rubber layer 9, preferably a volume unit of the rubber layer 9, in particular of the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating, comprises the components rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber, fabric, and gas. It is possible for the rubber layer 9, preferably the volume unit of the rubber layer 9, in particular of the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating, to have the following composition, wherein the composition is selected such that it totals 100 vol.%:

[0163] Rubber, especially soft rubber or hard rubber:

[0164] 30 vol% to 60 vol%, more preferably 35 vol% to 55 vol%, even more preferably 40 vol% to 50 vol%,

[0165] Tissue:

[0166] 30 vol% to 60 vol%, more preferably 35 vol% to 55 vol%, even more preferably 40 vol% to 50 vol%,

[0167] Gas:

[0168] 0 vol% to 25 vol%, more preferably 1 vol% to 15 vol%, even more preferably from 5 vol% to 15 vol%.

[0169] It is possible that the roller outer surface 4 is or will be formed by a functional layer 6. Preferably, the roller outer surface 4 does not comprise any rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber.

[0170] The functional layer 6 is preferably in contact with the rubber layer 9, in particular with the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating, or is arranged in such a way. It is possible for the functional layer 6 to be or be formed as a single-layer or multi-layered layer. The functional layer 6 is or will preferably be arranged over the entire surface of the rubber layer 9.

[0171] It is possible for the roller outer surface 4, in particular the functional layer 6, to be designed such that the charge generated by friction is removed. Preferably, the roller outer surface 4 is conductive or dissipative, or is designed so. The roller outer surface preferably has a surface resistance Rn selected from a range of 0.001 Ω / n to 5000 Ω / n, preferably from 0.01 Ω / n to 500 Ω / n, more preferably from 0.1 Ω / n to 1 Ω / n.

[0172] In particular, the sheet resistance Rn can be measured or determined using the 2-point method (2PP) and / or the 4-point method (4PP) and / or the Hall effect method and / or the Van der Pauw method, whereby all methods are electrical test methods that are suitable for the contact-based testing of the electrical parameter sheet resistance, in particular sheet resistance R n the functional layer, are applicable.

[0173] If, however, the sheet resistance Rn is to be measured without contact, this can be done using the eddy current method, in which so-called eddy currents are induced in the conductive materials, which then lead to a secondary field opposite to the primary field, which then determines the sheet resistance, in particular the sheet resistance R n the functional layer.

[0174] It is possible that the outer surface 4 of the roller, in particular the functional layer 6, has conductive or dissipative components.

[0175] In particular, the functional layer 6 comprises metals, in particular selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, tantalum, copper, gold, silver, aluminum, or mixtures and alloys thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the functional layer 6 comprises aluminum.

[0176] It is possible for the functional layer 6 to comprise a metal alloy selected from the group consisting of iron-nickel, copper-nickel, nickel-copper, nickel-chromium, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the outer roller surface 4, in particular the functional layer 6, consists entirely of metal, in particular selected from the above group, or comprises a binder, in particular a polymer. The binder can be conductive, dissipative, or non-conductive.

[0177] Preferably, the outer surface 4 of the roller, in particular the functional layer 6, comprises conductive or dissipative carbon modifications, in particular selected from the group consisting of graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphite, carbon black, or combinations thereof. It is possible for the outer surface 4 of the roller, in particular the functional layer 6, to comprise conductive or dissipative polymers. It is possible for the outer surface 4 of the roller, in particular the functional layer 6, to comprise a combination of metal, conductive or dissipative carbon modifications, and / or conductive or dissipative polymers.

[0178] As an alternative to a conductive or dissipative functional layer, it is possible for the Fermi level of the outer roller surface 4, in particular the functional layer, and the carrier layer 12 to be and / or are adapted to one another. The difference between the Fermi levels of the outer roller surface, in particular the functional layer, and the carrier layer is and / or is reduced. Adaptation can be achieved, for example, by selectively selecting the components of the outer roller surface, in particular the functional layer, and the carrier layer. In particular, the Fermi level 0 of the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2, in particular the functional layer 6, and the carrier layer 12 is essentially the same, in particular in the cleaned state and / or under standard climate conditions. In particular, the outer roller surface 4, in particular the functional layer 6, is non-conductive or is designed to be non-conductive.In particular, it is possible that the components of the roller outer surface 4, in particular of the functional layer, and of the carrier layer 12 are selected such that the work function of the roller outer surface 4, in particular of the functional layer, and of the carrier layer 12 differs by at most 30%, preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 15%.

[0179] Preferably, the components of the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2, in particular the functional layer 6, and the carrier layer 12 are selected such that they are close to one another with respect to the triboelectric series. In particular, the distance in the triboelectric series between the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 and the carrier layer 12 is smaller than the distance between the outer roller surface and the carrier layer 12 and the air or rubber layer.

[0180] Preferably, the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2, in particular the functional layer 6, is or will be formed from the same polymer as the carrier layer 12.

[0181] It is possible for the polymer of the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2, in particular of the functional layer 6, and of the carrier layer 6 to be selected from the group consisting of PFP, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, cellophane, polybutylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactide, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, BO-PET, starch blends or copolymers and / or blends thereof. The polymer of the outer roller surface 4, in particular of the functional layer 6, is preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate, preferably biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate.

[0182] In a preferred embodiment, the outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2, in particular the functional layer 6, and the carrier layer 12, in particular the transfer film backing 121, consist essentially of polyethylene terephthalate, preferably of biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate. In a further preferred embodiment, the outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2, in particular the functional layer 6, and the carrier layer 12, in particular the transfer film backing 121, consist essentially of polycarbonate.

[0183] It is possible for the roller outer surface 121, in particular the functional layer 6, to be formed from components having a dielectric strength selected from a range of 5 kV / mm to 800 kV / mm, preferably from 100 kV / mm to 350 kV / mm, more preferably from 150 kV / mm to 300 kV / mm, in particular measured under standard climate conditions and preferably on cleaned surfaces. In particular, the dielectric strength is determined according to a method described in DIN EN 60243-2 VDE 0303-22:2014-08.

[0184] It is possible for the carrier layer 12 to consist of a component selected from the group consisting of PFP, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polylactide, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, BO-PET, starch blends, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, cellophane, polymethyl methacrylate, or copolymers and / or blends thereof. The carrier layer 12 is preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate, preferably biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate, and is particularly non-conductive.

[0185] Furthermore, it is possible for the carrier layer 12 to be a coextrudate, a triextrudate, or a multiextrudate from the above group. Furthermore, the carrier layer 12 can be filled or coated. It is possible for the carrier layer 12 to be a multilayer composite and / or a fabric carrier. Furthermore, a biopolymer-based carrier layer 12 is also possible. It is possible for the carrier layer 12 to have, or be provided with, a layer thickness in the range from 4 μm to 5000 μm, preferably from 6 μm to 250 μm, more preferably from 9 μm to 23 μm.

[0186] It is possible for the carrier layer 12 to have, or be provided with, surface properties selected from the group consisting of smooth, rough, fully or partially structured and / or microstructured, perforated, fully or partially coated, or combinations thereof. Furthermore, it is possible for the carrier layer 12 to be colored and / or transparent or opaque.

[0187] The transfer film 10 or the substrate 7 can be provided as roll goods or as sheets.

[0188] The system 1 according to the invention can preferably be arranged in a device, preferably a cold stamping device and / or a hot stamping device. The method performed with the system 1 and / or the device is preferably a cold stamping method and / or a hot stamping method.

[0189] The device and / or system 1 preferably has at least one or more devices for receiving film rolls, in particular the transfer film 10 and / or the carrier layer 12 and / or the substrate 7. The device and / or system 1 preferably has an unwinding device with which the provided transfer film 10 can be fed to the process and which is arranged upstream of the roller nip 5 - the gap between the outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 and the counter-pressure roller 3 - in the feed direction. The device and / or system 1 preferably has a winding device with which the carrier layer 12 can be removed from the process and which is arranged downstream of the roller nip 5 in the feed direction. The device preferably has a tensioning device 14 for fastening the tensioning aids 13 above the transfer roller.

[0190] The device preferably has one or more printing devices, in particular devices for letterpress, planographic printing, screen printing, gravure printing, inkjet printing, or combinations thereof, which are arranged upstream of the system 1 in the feed direction, in particular upstream of the roller gap 5—the gap between the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 and the counter-pressure roller 3. Preferably, an adhesive layer 8, in particular a cold stamping adhesive layer or a hot stamping adhesive layer, is applied to the substrate 7 by at least one of the printing devices. The adhesive layer 8 is preferably a UV-curable adhesive layer. It can be advantageous if the device has a curing device, in particular comprising a UV source, for curing the adhesive layer 8. This is advantageous if the device and / or the system 1 is arranged in a cold stamping process or is a cold stamping device.

[0191] It is possible for the transfer roller 2 and / or the counterpressure roller 3 to be heatable, particularly if a hot-stamping adhesive layer is present or arranged on the substrate 7 or the transfer layer 11. The adhesive layer 8 is preferably a hot-melt adhesive layer. This is advantageous if the device and / or the system 1 is arranged in a hot-stamping process or is a hot-stamping device.

[0192] In particular, the system 1 and / or the device comprises at least one control device for controlling the feed of the transfer film 10 and / or the substrate 7 to the roller gap 5—the gap between the outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 and the counterpressure roller 3. In particular, the feed of the transfer film 10 in the roller gap 5 is stopped by stopping the unwinding device and / or winding device of the transfer film 10, adjusting the film tension of the transfer film 10, and / or by moving a dancer roller that is in contact with the transfer film 10.

[0193] It is possible that the amount of the maximum number of revolutions of the transfer roller 2 of a point arranged on the outer surface of the roller is in the range from 500 revolutions / h to 30,000 revolutions / h, preferably from 5,000 revolutions / h to 24,000 revolutions / h, more preferably from 15,000 revolutions / h to 18,000 revolutions / h, in particular with respect to the center of the roller.

[0194] Fig. 2 shows a simplified system 1, as is currently used in the prior art, in which the transfer roller 2 is brought into contact with the transfer film 10. The different positions A to D are marked to illustrate the process of forming a potential difference between the carrier layer 12 and the outer surface 4 of the roller. Position A shows the outer surface 4 of the roller and the carrier layer 12 before they come into direct contact in the roller nip 5 - the gap between the outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 and the counter-pressure roller 3 - contact. In position B, the outer surface 4 of the roller is in contact with the transfer film backing 121 of the carrier layer 12 in the roller nip 5, and the two surfaces are rubbed against one another. Position C shows the separation of the outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 and the carrier layer 12 after the roller nip 5.Position D shows a carrier layer 12 and a roller outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 after their surfaces have been separated.

[0195] Figs. 3a and 3b schematically show an example not according to the invention in which the Fermi level of the transfer film backing 121 of the carrier layer 12 is lower than the Fermi level of the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2. Furthermore, it can also be seen that the Fermi energy EF of the transfer film backing 121 of the carrier layer 12 and the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 are different. The carrier layer 12 and the outer roller surface are not conductive.

[0196] In position A according to Fig. 2, both surfaces come into contact in an uncharged state, or rather, they have a balanced number of positive and negative charges. Fig. 3b shows that at position A, i.e., immediately before the surfaces come into contact, all states up to the Fermi level are occupied and all higher energy states are unoccupied.

[0197] In position B, the carrier layer 12 and an outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 rub against each other. Due to the friction in the roller gap 5—the gap between the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 and the counterpressure roller 3—and the different Fermi levels or Fermi energies EF, a charge exchange occurs.

[0198] In the example described in Fig. 3a and 3b, the Fermi level 0 of the transfer film backing 121 is lower, with the result that the transfer film backing 121 of the carrier layer 12 represents the electron donor. The Fermi levels 0 of the two surfaces adapt through friction-induced charge exchange, so that both have the same Fermi level 0' or Fermi energy EF'. As a result, the transfer film backing 121 becomes positively charged due to the friction in the roller gap 5 in position B, and the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 becomes negatively charged. After the surfaces separate after the roller gap 5 in position C, a potential difference (denoted by AU) exists between the transfer film backing 121 and the outer roller surface 4. After a sufficient potential difference, a discharge can occur and generate the error pattern during the application process described above.

[0199] Figs. 4a and 4b schematically show another example not according to the invention in which the Fermi level 0 of the transfer film backing 121 of the carrier layer 12 is higher than the Fermi level of the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2. Furthermore, the Fermi energy EF of the transfer film backing 121 of the carrier layer 12 and the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 are also different. The carrier layer 12 and the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 are not conductive in this case.

[0200] Since in this embodiment the Fermi level of the outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 is lower than the Fermi level 0 of the back 121 of the transfer film, the outer surface 4 of the roller represents the electron donor. By passing through the positions A to D, the back 121 of the transfer film is negatively charged and the outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 is positively charged, whereby here too, after a sufficient potential difference, a discharge can take place and generates the error pattern described above during the application process.

[0201] Fig. 5a and 5b schematically show an embodiment of an example according to the invention, wherein the Fermi level 0 of the transfer film backing 121 of the carrier layer 12 and the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 have been adapted, in particular are the same. Furthermore, the Fermi energy EF of the transfer film backing 121 of the carrier layer 12 and the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 is also the same. By passing through the positions A to D according to Fig. 2, the transfer film backing 121 and the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2 do not charge to any significant differences. As a result, no significant potential difference is generated, so that a discharge and the error pattern described above during the application process can be avoided.

[0202] 6a to 6f show exemplary embodiments of roller outer surfaces 4, as they can be used or are present in the system 1 or application method according to the invention. Figs. 6a to 6f each show a functional layer 6 arranged on a rubber layer 9. As concrete exemplary embodiments, a printing blanket is provided as the rubber layer 9, which has clamping aids 13 at two opposite ends, in particular in the form of metal strips, with which the clamping aids can be arranged on the transfer roller 2, in particular with the aid of the clamping device 14. In particular, it is possible for the printing blanket of an offset printing process or an offset printing device to be used.

[0203] Fig. 6a shows a functional layer 6 deposited onto the rubber layer 9 from the vapor phase, in particular with a layer thickness in the range of 5 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 200 nm, more preferably from 30 nm to 55 nm. In particular, conductive polymers or the aforementioned metals or metal alloys are deposited. In particular, a conductive or dissipative outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2, in particular functional layer 6, is obtained.

[0204] Fig. 6b shows a functional layer 6 deposited from a salt solution onto the rubber layer 9, in particular with a layer thickness in the range from 5 nm to 600 nm, preferably from 20 nm to 300 nm, more preferably from 70 nm to 150 nm. In particular, a conductive or dissipative roller outer surface 4, in particular functional layer 6, made of the above-mentioned metals, in particular silver, is obtained. To deposit the functional layer 6, an aqueous salt solution is preferably provided, to which a reducing agent is added. The salt solution preferably comprises salts selected from the group consisting of AgNO3, NiSO4, CuSO4, K[AU(CN)2], Na3[Au(SO3)2], SnCl2, or combinations thereof.

[0205] Examples of metallization electrolytes (source: “Procedures of surface technology”, 1st edition 2004, ISBN 9783446222281 ) include: Ag deposition:

[0206] • 0.6 g silver nitrate

[0207] 50 ml distilled H2O

[0208] 0.8 g NaOH and 50 ml distilled H2O and a few drops of 25%

[0209] NH4OH

[0210] Ni deposition:

[0211] • NiSO4■ 7 H2O 20 g / l to 30 g / l

[0212] NaH2PO2■ H2O 10 g / l to 20 g / l

[0213] Acetic acid 10 g / l with NaOH to pH 4.5

[0214] Thiourea 0.7 mg / l

[0215] • NiSO4■ 7 H2O 20 g / l

[0216] NaH2PO2■ H2O 15 g / l

[0217] Lactic acid 30 g / l

[0218] Propionic acid 3 g / l

[0219] Pb(NOs)2 1 mg / l with Na acetate to pH 4 to 5

[0220] • NiSO4■ 7 H2O 20 g / l

[0221] NaH2PO2■ H2O 15 g / l

[0222] Citric acid 15 g / l

[0223] Na2B4O7 ■ 10 H2O 15 g / l with NaOH to pH 9.5

[0224] Cu deposition:

[0225] • CuSO4■ 5 H2O 10 g / l

[0226] Methanal (Formalinlösung 30%) 20 ml / l

[0227] EDTA 16 g / l

[0228] NaOH 10 g / l

[0229] • CuSO4■ 5 H2O 5 g / l bis 10 g / l

[0230] Methanal (Formalinlösung 30%) 35 ml / l

[0231] Kalium-Natriumtartrat KnaC4H4O4■ 4 H2O 5 g / l bis 10 g / l

[0232] Thioharnstoff 0.05 mg / l

[0233] NaOH 4 g / l to 5 g / l Au-Abscheidung:

[0234] • K[Au(CN)2] 5 to 15 g / l

[0235] KBH412 g / l bis 17 g / l

[0236] KCN 10 g / l to 15 g / l

[0237] KOH 10 g / l to 13 g / l

[0238] • K[AU(CN)2] 5 g / l

[0239] COCI2■ 6 H2O 20 g / l

[0240] NiCl2■ 6 H2O 10 g / l

[0241] Thioharnstoff 25 g / l

[0242] Ammonium hydrogen citrate 20 g / l

[0243] • Na3[Au(SO3)2] 0.6 g / l

[0244] Methanal (Formalinlösung 30 %) 20 ml / l 0.3 g / l bis 0.5 g / l

[0245] Na2SO35 g / l

[0246] Ethylenediamine (50%) 0.85 g / L

[0247] Sodium citrate dihydrate 8 g / L

[0248] NH4CI 15 g / l

[0249] Sn Farewell:

[0250] • SnCI2■ 2 H2O 7.5 g / L

[0251] Na2HPO2■ 7 H2O 2 g / l

[0252] EDTA 15 g / l

[0253] Sodium acetate 10 g / L

[0254] Benzene sulfonic acid 1 ml / L

[0255] • SnCI2■ 2 H2O 5 g / L

[0256] Thioharnstoff 50 g / l

[0257] H2SO420 g / l

[0258] It is possible for the functional layer to be obtained using at least one of the above salt mixtures. Fig. 6c and Fig. 6d show a rubber layer 9 on which a functional layer 6 has been or is present as a lacquer layer. Preferably, the lacquer layer is or will be applied with a layer thickness selected from the range from 2 μm to 100 μm, preferably from 10 μm to 25 μm. The functional layer 6 is preferably applied as a printing lacquer, spray lacquer, reactive lacquer or a combination thereof. It is possible for the functional layer 6, in particular a lacquer layer, to be printed on, in particular by a printing process and / or spraying process selected from the group consisting of letterpress printing, planographic printing, screen printing, gravure printing, inkjet printing or combinations thereof.

[0259] The functional layer 6 shown in Fig. 6c is, in particular, a conductive or dissipative lacquer layer and is, in particular, produced from a conductive lacquer. The conductive lacquer is, in particular, a silver conductive lacquer or conductive silver, a copper conductive lacquer, and / or a graphite conductive lacquer. In particular, the conductive lacquer or the conductive or dissipative lacquer layer comprises one or more of the following particles, in particular nanoparticles: silver, copper, conductive carbon modifications, in particular graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black or graphite, gold, aluminum, and / or metal alloys. In particular, a conductive or dissipative roller outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2, in particular a functional layer 6, is obtained. The conductive lacquer preferably comprises a lacquer, a polymer dispersion, a polymer solution, or a synthetic resin as a binder. The lacquer layer, in particular a conductive or dissipative lacquer layer, preferably comprises a polymer as a binder.

[0260] As an alternative to the conductive lacquer, in order to preferably and specifically dissipate charges due to the clocking, it is possible to arrange or provide a non-conductive lacquer layer. This embodiment is shown in Fig. 6d. The non-conductive lacquer layer preferably comprises a polymer dispersion, polymer solution, or a synthetic resin as a binder. The non-conductive lacquer layer preferably comprises a non-conductive polymer as a binder. In other words, the lacquer layer has no conductive or dissipative components. The non-conductive lacquer layer or its binder is preferably formed from the same polymer as the carrier layer 12 of the system 1 according to Fig. 1.

[0261] It is possible that the polymer of the non-conductive lacquer layer and the carrier layer 12 is selected from the group consisting of PFP, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, cellophane, polybutylene terephthalate, polylactide, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, BO-PET, starch blends, polymethyl methacrylate, or copolymers and / or blends thereof. Preferably, the polymer of the non-conductive lacquer layer and the carrier layer is polyethylene terephthalate.

[0262] Preferably, the lacquer layer according to Figs. 6c and 6d, in particular the conductive or dissipative lacquer layer or the non-conductive lacquer layer, comprises a solvent-based or water-based binder. The binder can be single-component, two-component, or multi-component.

[0263] The lacquer layer, in particular the conductive or dissipative lacquer layer or the non-conductive lacquer layer, is preferably single-layered or multi-layered. It is possible for the functional layer 6, preferably the lacquer layer, more preferably the conductive or dissipative lacquer layer or the non-conductive lacquer layer, to comprise several layers that differ in composition. It is also possible for the lacquer layer, in particular the conductive or dissipative lacquer layer or the non-conductive lacquer layer, to be or become configured as a layer composite. For example, the lacquer layer, in particular the conductive or dissipative lacquer layer, can be present in conjunction with one or more vapor-deposited metal layers or transparent oxide layers. Figs. 6e, 6f, and 6g show functional layers 6 arranged on rubber layers 9, which are provided as a film.The film is preferably laminated or embossed onto the rubber layer 9. Preferably, the film is a metal foil or is provided as such. Preferably, the film, in particular the metal foil, has a layer thickness in the range from 2 μm to 200 μm, preferably from 5 μm to 100 μm, more preferably from 20 μm to 40 μm, wherein the layer thicknesses are layer thicknesses of the pure metal foil. A corresponding adhesive layer, in particular for arranging the metal foil on the outer surface 4 of the roller, preferably has a layer thickness in the range from 5 μm to 250 μm, preferably from 10 μm to 100 μm, more preferably from 20 μm to 50 μm.

[0264] The film is preferably a polymer film or is provided as such. This film, in particular the polymer film, preferably has a layer thickness in the range from 4 pm to 500 pm, preferably from 6 pm to 50 pm, more preferably from 6 pm to 12 pm, wherein the layer thicknesses are layer thicknesses of the pure polymer film without additionally applied layers. A corresponding adhesive layer, in particular for arranging the polymer film on the outer surface 4 of the roller, preferably has a layer thickness in the range from 5 pm to 250 pm, preferably from 10 pm to 100 pm, more preferably from 20 pm to 50 pm.

[0265] According to the embodiment of Fig. 6e, the film is provided as a polymer film. This results in a non-conductive roller outer surface 4. Preferably, the polymer film is or will be formed from the same polymer as the carrier layer 12, wherein the polymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of PFP, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, cellophane, polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, polylactide, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, BO-PET, starch blends, polymethyl methacrylate, or copolymers and / or blends thereof. Preferably, the polymer film is or will be provided from polyethylene terephthalate, in particular from biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate.

[0266] According to the embodiment of Fig. 6e, the foil is provided as a metal foil. This results in a conductive or dissipative outer surface 4 of the transfer roller 2, in particular made of the metals or metal alloys described above.

[0267] According to the embodiment of Fig. 6f, a polymer film is provided which has a metal layer. Furthermore, it is also possible for a polymer film to be provided which has a metal layer, wherein the metal layer is arranged on the side of the film facing away from the roller. As a result, the metal layer, in particular made of the metals or metal alloys described above, forms the outer roller surface 4 of the transfer roller 2, whereby a conductive or dissipative outer roller surface 4 is obtained. The polymer film preferably has a layer thickness in the range from 4 pm to 500 pm, preferably from 6 pm to 50 pm, more preferably from 6 pm to 12 pm.

[0268] It is possible for the metal layer to be deposited from the vapor phase, in particular with a layer thickness in the range from 5 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 200 nm, more preferably from 30 nm to 55 nm. In particular, metals or metal alloys are deposited, in particular selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, tantalum, copper, gold, silver, aluminum or mixtures and alloys thereof.

[0269] It is possible for an adhesive layer 8 to be arranged between the film and the rubber layer 9, in particular the printing blanket, the cover, or the coating. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible for the film, in particular the polymer film or the metal foil, to be provided with an adhesive layer 8, wherein the adhesive layer 8 is arranged on the side of the film facing the roller. The adhesive layer is preferably arranged with or has a layer thickness in the range of 5 μm to 250 μm, preferably from 10 μm to 100 μm, more preferably from 20 μm to 50 μm.

[0270] As an alternative to laminating or embossing the film onto the rubber layer 9, in particular by using an adhesive layer 8, it is possible for the film, in particular polymer film and / or metal foil, to be clamped onto the printing blanket via clamping aids 13, in particular in the form of two metal strips. For this purpose, the printing blanket and the film, in particular polymer film and / or metal foil, are connected together by two clamping aids 13, preferably by two metal strips, in particular wherein the printing blanket is then fastened or stretched onto the transfer roller 2 via the two clamping aids 13 and by means of a tensioning device located on the transfer roller 2. This results in a printing blanket which comprises the film.

[0271] These exemplary embodiments according to Figs. 6a to 6f are not to be understood as restrictive. Alternatively, the rubber layer 9 can also be provided as a cover or a coating, in particular arranged on a transfer roller 2. Furthermore, it is alternatively possible for the functional layer 6 to be provided as a tube, sleeve or cover, in particular wherein these can be designed like the films described in Figs. 6e to 6f. In other words, the film can be designed as a tube, sleeve or cover. Preferably, the film has a layer thickness in the range from 4 pm to 500 pm, preferably from 6 pm to 50 pm, more preferably from 6 pm to 12 pm, and is preferably a polymer film.

[0272] Of course, the listed variants can be combined with each other as desired and do not represent any limitation. List of reference symbols

[0273] 1 system

[0274] 2 Transfer roller 3 Counterpressure roller

[0275] 4 Roller outer surface

[0276] 5 Roller gap (gap between the transfer roller 2 and the counter-pressure roller 3)

[0277] 6 Functional layer 7 Substrate

[0278] 8 adhesive layers

[0279] 9 Rubber layer

[0280] 10 transfer foil

[0281] 11 Transfer layer 12 Carrier layer

[0282] 121 Transfer foil back

[0283] 13 clamping aids

[0284] 14 clamping device

Claims

Patent claims 1. System (1) for a timed application process of a transfer layer (11) onto a substrate (7), comprising a transfer roller (2) and a counterpressure roller (3), and a transfer film (10), wherein the transfer roller (2) has an outer roller surface (4) and the transfer roller (2) and the counterpressure roller (3) form a roller gap (5), wherein the transfer film (10) has a carrier layer (12) and a transfer layer (11) that can be detached from the carrier layer (12), and the transfer film back side (121) is formed by the carrier layer (12) and the transfer film front side by the transfer layer (11), wherein the transfer film back side (121) is in contact with the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2) and the transfer film front side is in contact with the substrate (7) in the roller gap (5), wherein the transfer layer (11) has at least is applied to the substrate (7) in regions, characterized in that the system is designed in such a way that it is avoidedthat the friction between the outer surface (4) of the transfer roller (2) and the back of the transfer film (121) during the application process creates a potential difference which is greater than the breakdown voltage of the transfer film (10), the outer surface (4) of the transfer roller (2) and / or the surrounding gas phase.

2. System (1 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the outer surface (4) of the transfer roller (2) is conductive or dissipative.

3. System (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the Fermi level of the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2) and the transfer film backside (121) are adapted to each other.

4. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2) is formed by a functional layer (6), in particular wherein the functional layer (6) has a layer thickness selected from the range from 5 nm to 500 pm, preferably from 10 nm to 200 nm, more preferably from 30 nm to 55 nm.

5. System (1) according to claim 1 or one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2), in particular the functional layer (6), is formed from the same polymer as the carrier layer (12).

6. System (1) according to claim 1 or one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the polymer of the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2), in particular of the functional layer (6), and of the carrier layer (12) is selected from the group consisting of PFP, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, polylactide, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, BO-PET, starch blends, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, cellophane, polymethyl methacrylate or copolymers and / or blends thereof.

7. System (1) according to claim 1 or one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2), in particular the functional layer (6), is formed from components which have a dielectric strength selected from a range of 5 kV / mm to 800 kV / mm, preferably from 100 kV / mm to 350 kV / mm, more preferably from 150 kV / mm to 300 kV / mm, in particular measured under normal climate and preferably on cleaned surfaces.

8. System (1) according to one of claims 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2), in particular the functional layer (6), is designed such that the charge generated by friction is removed.

9. System (1) according to one of claims 1, 2, 4 or 8, characterized in that the outer surface (4) of the transfer roller (2), in particular the functional layer (6), has a surface resistance R nin the range from 0.001 Q / n to 5000 Q / n, preferably from 0.01 Q / n to 500 Q / n, more preferably from 0.1 Q / n to 1 Q / n, in particular measured using the 2-point method (2PP) and / or the 4-point method (4PP) and / or the Hall effect method and / or the Van der Pauw method and / or the non-contact eddy current method.

10. System (1) according to one of claims 1, 2, 4 or 8 to 9, characterized in that that the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2), in particular the functional layer (6), has conductive components, in particular that the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2), in particular the functional layer (6), has metals selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, tantalum, copper, gold, silver, aluminum or mixtures and alloys thereof, and / or conductive carbon modifications, in particular selected from the group consisting of graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphite, carbon black or combinations thereof, and / or conductive polymers.

11. System (1) according to one of claims 1, 2, 4 or 8 to 10, characterized in that the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2), in particular the functional layer (6), consists entirely of metal or has a binder.

12. System (1) according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the functional layer (6) is single-layered or multi-layered.

13. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2) does not have any rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber.

14. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transfer roller (2) has a rubber layer (9) comprising rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber, wherein the Rubber layer (9) is preferably formed from a printing blanket, a cover or a coating.

15. System (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the rubber layer (9), in particular the printing blanket, the cover or the coating, is multi-layered and has at least one fabric layer.

16. System (1) according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the rubber layer, in particular the printing blanket, the cover or the coating, comprises the components rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber, fabric and gas.

17. System (1) according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the rubber layer (9), in particular the printing blanket, has a tensioning aid (13), in particular in the form of two metal strips.

18. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amount of the maximum number of revolutions of the transfer roller (2) of a point arranged on the outer surface of the roller is in the range from 500 revolutions / h to 30,000 revolutions / h, preferably from 5,000 revolutions / h to 24,000 revolutions / h, more preferably from 15,000 revolutions / h to 18,000 revolutions / h, in particular with respect to the center of the roller.

19. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier layer (12) consists of a component selected from the group consisting of PFP, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, polylactide, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, BO-PET, starch blends, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, cellophane, polymethyl methacrylate, or copolymers and / or blends thereof.

20. System (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier layer (12) has a layer thickness in the range from 4 pm to 5000 pm, preferably from 6 pm to 250 pm, more preferably from 9 pm to 23 pm.

21. System (1) according to one of claims 4 to 20, characterized in that the functional layer (6) is in contact with the rubber layer (9).

22. Method for producing the transfer roller (2) with an outer roller surface (4) according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps, in particular in the order a), b), c), d) or a), c), b), d): a) providing a transfer roller (2), b) arranging a rubber layer (9) on the transfer roller (2), c) arranging a functional layer (6) on the rubber layer (9), d) obtaining a transfer roller (2), wherein the functional layer (6) forms the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2).

23. Method according to claim 22, characterized in that that the rubber layer (9) is provided by a printing blanket or a cover or by at least one coating obtained from at least one coating composition.

24. Method according to one of claims 22 to 23, characterized in that the rubber layer (9), in particular the printing blanket, the cover or the coating, is provided or applied in multiple layers and has at least one fabric layer.

25. Method according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the rubber layer (9), in particular the printing blanket, the cover or the coating, comprises rubber, in particular soft rubber or hard rubber.

26. Method according to one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the rubber layer (9), in particular the printing blanket, the cover or the coating, is provided in a compressible or incompressible manner.

27. Method according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the functional layer (6) is deposited from the vapor phase, in particular with a layer thickness in the range from 5 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 200 nm, more preferably from 30 nm to 55 nm.

28. Method according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that that the functional layer (6) is deposited from a salt solution, in particular with a layer thickness in the range from 5 nm to 600 nm, preferably from 20 nm to 300 nm, more preferably from 70 nm to 150 nm.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that the salt solution comprises salts selected from the group consisting of AgNO3, NiSCM, CuSCM, K[Au(CN)2], Na3[Au(SO3)2], SnCl2 or combinations thereof.

30. Method according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the functional layer (6) is applied as a lacquer layer, in particular as a conductive or dissipative lacquer layer or as a polymer dispersion, in particular made of non-conductive polymers.

31. Method according to claim 30, characterized in that the lacquer layer is applied with a layer thickness in the range from 2 pm to 100 pm, preferably from 10 pm to 25 pm.

32. Method according to one of claims 30 to 31, characterized in that the functional layer (6) is printed, in particular by a printing process or spraying process selected from the group consisting of letterpress printing, planographic printing, screen printing, gravure printing, inkjet printing or combinations thereof.

33. Method according to one of claims 22 to 32, characterized in that that the functional layer (6) is formed in one layer or in multiple layers.

34. Method according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the functional layer (6) is provided as a film, in particular as a polymer film, as a metal film, or as a polymer film comprising a metal layer facing away from the roller.

35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that the polymer film has a layer thickness in the range from 4 pm to 500 pm, preferably from 6 pm to 50 pm, more preferably from 6 pm to 12 pm.

36. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that the metal foil has a layer thickness in the range from 2 pm to 200 pm, preferably from 5 pm to 100 pm, more preferably from 20 pm to 40 pm.

37. Method according to one of claims 34 to 36, characterized in that the functional layer (6) is laminated or embossed onto the rubber layer (9), in particular the printing blanket, the cover or the coating.

38. Method according to one of claims 34 to 37, characterized in that that the functional layer (6) is clamped onto the rubber layer (9), in particular the printing blanket, by means of a clamping aid (13), in particular by two metal strips.

39. Method according to one of claims 34 to 38, characterized in that the functional layer (6) is provided as a tube, sleeve or cover.

40. Method according to one of claims 34 to 39, characterized in that an adhesive layer (8) is arranged between the film and the rubber layer (9), in particular the printing blanket, the cover or the coating, or the film is provided with an adhesive layer (8) facing the transfer roller (2).

41. Method according to one of claims 34 to 40, characterized in that the adhesive layer (8) is arranged with a layer thickness in the range from 5 pm to 250 pm, preferably from 10 pm to 100 pm, more preferably from 20 pm to 50 pm.

42. Method according to one of claims 22 to 41, characterized in that the functional layer (6) is designed to be conductive, dissipative or non-conductive.

43. Method according to one of claims 22 to 42, characterized in that the roller outer surface (4), in particular the functional layer (6), metals selected from the group consisting of iron, Nickel, titanium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, tantalum, copper, gold, silver, aluminum or mixtures and alloys thereof, and / or conductive carbon modifications, in particular selected from the group consisting of graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphite, carbon black or combinations thereof, and / or conductive polymers.

44. Method for the synchronized application of a transfer layer (11) to a substrate (7), in particular by means of a system according to one of claims 1 to 21, wherein a transfer roller (2) with an outer roller surface (4) and a counter-pressure roller (3) form a roller gap (5), wherein the transfer film (10), which comprises a carrier layer (12) and a transfer layer (11) which can be detached from the carrier layer (12), is fed along the transfer roller (2) into the roller gap (5), wherein the carrier layer (12) forms the transfer film backside (121) and is in contact with the outer roller surface (4) of the transfer roller (2), and wherein the transfer layer (11) is brought into contact with the substrate (7) in the roller gap (5), wherein the transfer layer (11) is at least partially transferred to the substrate (7), characterized in that during the method a frictional force is generated between the outer roller surface (4) potential difference between the transfer roller (2) and the back of the transfer foil (121),which is greater than the breakdown voltage of the transfer film (10), the outer surface (4) of the transfer roller (2) and / or the surrounding gas phase, is avoided.

45. Method according to claim 44, characterized in that that the process is a cold stamping process or a hot stamping process.

46. ​​Method according to one of claims 43 to 45, characterized in that before applying a transfer layer (11), an adhesive layer (8), a UV-curable adhesive layer (8), is printed on the substrate at least in some areas.

47. Method according to claim 46, characterized in that the adhesive layer (8) is cured after application of a transfer layer (11), in particular by means of irradiation with a UV source.

48. Method according to one of claims 43 to 47, characterized in that the feed of the transfer film (10) in the roller gap (5) is stopped locally, in particular by moving a dancer roller which is in contact with the transfer film, adjusting the film tension of the transfer film (10) and / or by stopping an unwinding device of the transfer film (10).

Images