1k coating composition and coated article
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHERWIN WILLIAMS (GUANGDONG) NEW MATERIAL CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-06
AI Technical Summary
Current coating compositions that require acid and alkali resistance and salt spray resistance often contain phosphorus-based emulsifiers, which contribute to environmental pollution, and are complex to apply, requiring high-cost resins and curing agents, and strict storage and application conditions.
A 1K coating composition comprising at least one acrylic monomer, one epoxy resin, one silane coupling agent, and one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier, which provides excellent acid and alkali resistance, water resistance, and salt spray resistance without the need for phosphorus-based emulsifiers or curing agents.
The 1K coating composition achieves excellent storage stability, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and salt spray resistance, with the coating remaining stable for at least 180 days at room temperature and demonstrating no blistering for at least 500 hours in a salt spray test at 35℃.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024107492-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024107492-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024107492-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
1K COATING COMPOSITION AND COATED ARTICLETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to a 1K coating composition and a coated article, and more particularly to a 1K coating composition that is substantially free of phosphorus-based emulsifiers and has good storage stability and is capable of providing an excellent acid and alkali resistant coating.BACKGROUND
[0002] Various coating compositions have been designed in the coatings industry for coating a variety of substrates. Currently, in applications where acid and alkali resistant coatings are required and salt spray resistant coatings are more desirable, two-component coating compositions containing phosphorus-based emulsifiers are mostly used in the market. However, phosphorus is the “culprit” that leads to eutrophication and bloom of water bodies, which leads to the greatly reduced amount of dissolved oxygen in water of lakes, rivers and other water environments and causes plankton and aquatic animals such as fish to die due to lack of oxygen, resulting in the destruction of water environment and ecological imbalance. As a result, more and more countries and regions have issued regulations of “prohibiting phosphorus” or “limiting phosphorus” .
[0003] Moreover, the two-component coating composition usually requires high-cost resins and curing agents, and the strictly controlled storage conditions and application processes, otherwise it will easily suffer from the problems such as coating failure, short pot life, and unstable performance of paint film. For example, the process for applying two-component coatings is usually complicated and requires the two components to be blended on site at a stable blending ratio as needed. If the incorrect blending ratio happens to be used, the coating film may exhibit premature rust, blistering, or other types of failed coating films. Such failures typically result in expensive removal of the failed coating films and application of a new coating. Therefore, the properties of the final coating obtained from a two-component coating composition are susceptible to factors such as the formulation process, the skill level of the technicians, and the like. In addition, curing agents (such as isocyanate curing agents) often have relatively active chemical properties and structural fragments that are toxic to the human body.SUMMARY
[0004] In view of the foregoing, there is a need in the coating industry for a coating composition that is substantially free of phosphorus-based emulsifiers (for example, phosphoric acid ester-based emulsifiers and emulsifiers derived from phosphoric acid esters) , has good storage stability, and is relatively simple to apply, and enables obtaining excellent acid and alkali resistant coatings.
[0005] After intensive investigation, the inventors of the present application have found that the above object can be achieved by using the 1K (one-component) coating composition provided herein.
[0006] The first aspect of the present application provides a 1K coating composition comprising:
[0007] at least one acrylic monomer,
[0008] at least one epoxy resin,
[0009] at least one silane coupling agent, and
[0010] at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier.
[0011] The inventors have found that by using the 1K coating composition having the specific components / composition as described above, the resulting coating can exhibit good storage stability and excellent water resistance and excellent acid and alkali resistance, without using a phosphorus-based emulsifier and a curing agent. This is very surprising because, unlike mainstream coatings containing phosphorus-based emulsifiers, the 1K coating composition of the present application can provide excellent salt spray resistant coatings without the use of phosphorus-based emulsifiers, meeting the relevant regulations of “prohibiting phosphorus” or “limiting phosphorus” . It is particularly surprising that, in addition to storage stability, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, some preferred embodiments of the present application enable particularly excellent salt spray resistance, for example, to provide a coating that does not blister for at least 500 hours in a salt spray test at 35℃.
[0012] It is also surprising that, according to common knowledge in the art, epoxy resins need to be crosslinked with curing agents (i.e. forming two-component composition) in order to provide excellent coatings. However, the coating composition of the present application is present in one component, in which a curing agent is not necessary while a coating with excellent properties is still provided.
[0013] Moreover, the inventors of the present application have conducted numerous experimental studies and surprisingly found that a storage-stable coating composition can be obtained by combining a non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier, a waterborne epoxy resin, an acrylic monomer, and a silane coupling agent. The acrylic monomer having a reactive group and the epoxy resin contained in the 1K coating composition of the present application hardly participate in the reaction prior to curing, so that the 1K coating composition of the present application is stable at room temperature for at least 180 days. This excellent storage stability is very surprising and exceeds the expectations of those skilled in the art.
[0014] A second aspect of the present application provides a coated article comprising a substrate having at least one major surface; and a coating directly or indirectly applied on at least part of the major surface of the substrate, wherein the coating is formed from the above-described 1K coating composition according to the present application. Preferably, the substrate is selected from metal, wood, wood composite, paper, plastic, fabric, ceramic, cementitious material, or any combination thereof.
[0015] The inventors of the present application have surprisingly found that, particularly preferably, the coating in the present application is capable of not blistering for at least 500 hours in a salt spray test at 35℃.
[0016] Details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the following description and the accompanying drawings. Other features, objects, and advantages of the present application will become apparent from what is described in the application documents.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that is related to the embodiments of the present application. Apparently, the accompanying drawings described below are merely exemplary illustrations of some embodiments of the present application and are therefore non-limiting. A person of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
[0018] Fig. 1 shows the results in water resistance tests of cured coatings obtained according to an embodiment of the present application (Example 1, left panel) and according to Comparative Example 2 (right panel) , respectively.
[0019] Fig. 2 shows the results in salt spray resistance tests for 500 hours at 35℃ of cured coatings obtained on tin-plated iron according to an embodiment of the present application (Example 1, left panel) and according to Comparative Example 2 (right panel) , respectively.
[0020] Fig. 3 shows the results in salt spray resistance tests for 500 hours at 35℃ of a cured coating obtained on a cold-rolled steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present application (Example 1, left panel) and according to Comparative Example 2 (right panel) , respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] DEFINITION
[0022] As used herein, "a" , "an" , "the" , "at least one" and "one or more" can be used interchangeably unless otherwise stated. Thus, for example, a composition that comprises "an" additive can be interpreted to mean that the composition includes "one or more" additives.
[0023] Where a composition is described as comprising, including, containing, or having certain components, it is intended that the composition may include other optional components than the recited components expressly listed, and that the composition may consist of or be composed of the recited components; when a method is described as comprising, including, containing, or having certain steps, it is intended that the method may include other optional steps than the recited steps expressly listed, and that the method may consist of or be composed of the recited steps.
[0024] For the sake of brevity, only some numerical ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a range that is not explicitly described; and any lower limit may be combined with other lower limit to form an unspecified range; and any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to form an unspecified range. Further, although not explicitly specified, each point or single value between the endpoints of a range is included in the range. Thus, each point or single value can be combined with any other point or single value or combined with other lower or upper limits to form a range that is not explicitly specified.
[0025] As used herein, the term “substantially free" with respect to a component in a composition means that the component is not actively or intentionally added to the composition during the formulation, but that the component may be present as an impurity in an amount of less than about 2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition; Preferably, the component may be present in an amount of less than about 1 wt. %, more preferably less than 0.1 wt. %, even more preferably less than 0.05 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0026] As used herein, the term "direct-to-metal" (DTM) means that a coating composition is directly coated on the surface of a metal substrate, wherein the substrate has not been previously coated with a primer or other coating or not been subjected to a pretreatment. As used herein, the term "pretreatment" means that any organic coating is applied to the surface of a substrate prior to application of a paint or other protective coating, but such term does not include standard procedures and / or substances for cleaning or preparing the surface, for example, blasting and the like. Thus, a DTM coating that has not been subjected to a pretreatment can be applied to a sandblasted or cleaned surface or the like. Standard procedures and / or substances for cleaning or preparing the surface are not essential, thus are optional. Unless otherwise stated, the DTM coating does not require a prior pretreatment or an application of primer, or a subsequent application of topcoat.
[0027] Herein, "coating" may have the same meaning as "paint film" and is formed after applying and curing a coating composition.
[0028] In the context of the present application, the term "two-component coating composition” (also known as "2K coating composition" ) refers to a coating composition consisting of two or more separately stored components which are mixed together at the time of use and the resulting mixture can be dried and cured over an acceptable period of time to form a coating having desired mechanical properties, such as hardness.
[0029] In the context of the present application, the term "one-component coating composition" (also known as "1K coating composition" ) means that, unlike a "two-component coating composition" , the 1K coating composition is provided in the form of a one-component system in which all components are combined and stored in a single container.
[0030] In the context of the present application, the terms "storage stable" , “storage stability” and similar terms refer to a coating composition which, over a long period of time (e.g. over a period of more than 5 months under ambient conditions) , does not gel or consolidate but remains liquid and has a viscosity suitable for applying the coating composition.
[0031] In the context of the present application, the term "non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier" refers to an adduct formed via the addition of an epoxy resin (such as an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of 400 g / eq to 2500 g / eq) to a nonionic surfactant. In an embodiment of the present application, the non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier is an adduct formed by the addition of an epoxy resin and cardanol polyoxyethylene ether.
[0032] The term "epoxy equivalent" or "epoxy equivalent weight" when used with respect to "epoxy resin" and / or "non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier" refers to the mass of the relevant material containing 1 mol of epoxy groups. Generally, the lower the epoxy equivalent, the more epoxy groups contained in the relevant material, and the higher the reactivity. In embodiments of the present application, the epoxy equivalent weight of the epoxy resin and the non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier is typically provided by the supplier and can be determined using ASTM D1652.
[0033] The term " (methyl) " indicates that the methyl substituted compound is included in the class of compounds modified by that term. For example, the term (meth) acrylic acid represents acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Similar usage applies to other derivatives of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, such as (meth) acrylamide, (meth) acrolein, and the like.
[0034] As used herein, the term "paint" refers to a coating composition which may be applied to a metal substrate or other coatings and dried, crosslinked, or otherwise hardened to provide a tack-free continuous film sufficient adhesion to the substrate of the substrate or other coatings.
[0035] The terms "comprising" and "including" and variations thereof do not have a limiting meaning where these terms appear in the description and claims.
[0036] The terms “preferred” and “preferably” and any other variation thereof refer to embodiments of the present application that may provide certain advantages under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may also be preferred under the same or other circumstances. Additionally, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not indicate that other embodiments are not useful, and is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention.
[0037] The first aspect of the present application provides a 1K coating composition comprising:
[0038] at least one acrylic monomer,
[0039] at least one epoxy resin,
[0040] at least one silane coupling agent, and
[0041] at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier.
[0042] Monomer as a component can be broadly classified as a "hard monomer" or a "soft monomer" , depending upon the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the homopolymer prepared from the monomer. By varying the relative amounts of "hard" monomers (having higher Tg) and "soft" monomers (having lower Tg) , the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resulting copolymer is modulated, thereby adjusting the properties of paint film. Tg can be determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) .
[0043] Examples of hard monomer include styrene, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and cyclohexyl methacrylate. Preferably, the hard monomer is one or more selected from styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and cyclohexyl methacrylate.
[0044] Examples of soft monomer include butyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, and hexyl methacrylate. Preferably, the soft monomer is one or more selected from butyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and isooctyl acrylate.
[0045] Preferably, the mass ratio of hard monomer to soft monomer is from 1: 5 to 8: 1, preferably from 1: 3 to 3: 1. For example, the mass ratio of hard monomer to soft monomer may be about 1: 4, 1: 3, 1: 2, 1: 1.5, 1: 1.2, 1: 1, 1.2: 1, 1.5: 1, 1.8: 1, 2: 1, 2.5: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, or 8: 1. In some preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of hard monomer to soft monomer may be about 1: 2 to 2.7: 1, more preferably 1: 1.5 to 2.5: 1, particularly preferably 1: 1 to 2: 1. Other ranges formed from the above numerical values and / or the upper limits and / or the lower limits of the above ranges may also be used.
[0046] In some embodiments, suitable acrylic monomer is one or more selected from (meth) acrylic acid, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and hydroxymethyl (meth) acrylate. Preferably, the acrylic monomer comprises isooctyl acrylate. More preferably, isooctyl acrylate is present in an amount of from 20 wt. %to 60 wt. %, for example at least 25 wt. %, at least 28 wt. %, 30 wt. %, 33 wt. %, 34 wt. %, 35 wt. %, 38 wt. %, and 40 wt. %, no more than 45 wt. %, no more than 50 wt. %, and no more than 55 wt. %, based on the total weight of acrylic monomers. More preferably, isooctyl acrylate is present in an amount of from 30 wt. %to 40 wt. %, more preferably from 33 wt. %to 38 wt. %, based on the total weight of acrylic monomers. The inventors have found that when isooctyl acrylate is used in the above range, the overall properties of the cured coating (including, for example, water resistance, salt spray resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc. ) are further improved.
[0047] In some embodiments, based on total weight of the 1K coating composition, the acrylic monomer is present in an amount of from 5 wt. %to 60 wt. %, preferably from 10 wt. %to 55 wt. %. For example, based on total weight of the 1K coating composition, the acrylic monomer may be present in an amount of 8 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 15 wt. %, 20 wt. %, 25 wt. %, 29 wt. %, 30 wt. %, 35 wt. %, 40 wt. %, 45 wt. %, 50 wt. %, or 55 wt. %. Other ranges formed from the above numerical values and / or the upper limits and / or the lower limits of the above ranges may also be used.
[0048] The inventors have found that by adjusting the amounts of monomers and their relative weight ratio within the ranges described above, the overall properties of the cured coating (including, for example, water resistance, salt spray resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and the like) can be further improved.
[0049] Preferably, the 1K coating composition of the present application is a waterborne coating composition. This means that the 1K coating compositions of the present application have very low VOC and are environmentally friendly coatings. In some embodiments, the 1K coating composition of the present application comprises 30 wt. %or more of water, more preferably 40 wt. %or more of deionized water, based on the total weight of the 1K coating composition. In some embodiments, the 1K coating composition of the present application comprises 80 wt. %or less of water, more preferably 70 wt. %or less of deionized water. For example, based on total weight of the 1K coating composition, the deionized water may be present in an amount of 35 wt. %, 40 wt. %, 45 wt. %, 50 wt. %, 55 wt. %, 60 wt. %, 65 wt. %, 70 wt. %, 75 wt. %, or 80 wt. %. Other ranges formed from the above numerical values and / or the upper limits and / or the lower limits of the above ranges may also be used.
[0050] In addition to the acrylic monomer, the 1K coating composition of the present application may also comprise an epoxy resin. This combination of the acrylic monomer and the epoxy resin can provide a paint film having the advantages of both acrylic resin and epoxy resin, and retaining excellent salt spray resistance. The term "epoxy resin" refers to a polymer or oligomer containing two or more epoxy groups per molecule. Preferably, each molecule in the epoxy resin may comprise up to four epoxy groups. Preferably, each molecule in the epoxy resin may comprise two or three epoxy groups. Such resin component acts as a binder for providing adhesion of the coating to the substrate and for holding the components in the 1K coating composition together and imparting a certain cohesive strength to the paint film.
[0051] In some embodiments, the epoxy resin may have an epoxy equivalent weight that varies over a wide range, wherein the epoxy equivalent weight refers to the mass of the epoxy resin containing 1 mol of epoxy groups. Herein, the epoxy resin comprises an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent ranging from 200 g / eq to 2000 g / eq, preferably ranging from 220 g / eq to 1500 g / eq, more preferably ranging from 250 g / eq to 1000 g / eq. For example, the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin may be about 200 g / eq, 220 g / eq, 250 g / eq, 280 g / eq, 300 g / eq, 350 g / eq, 400 g / eq, 500 g / eq, 600 g / eq, 700 g / eq, 800 g / eq, 1000 g / eq, 1200 g / eq, or 1500 g / eq. Other ranges formed from the above numerical values and / or the upper limits and / or the lower limits of the above ranges may also be used.
[0052] Suitable epoxy resins include, for example, diglycidyl ethers of polyhydric phenols such as diglycidyl ethers of resorcinol, diglycidyl ethers of catechol, diglycidyl ether of hydroquinone, diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A, diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol F, diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol S, diglycidyl ethers of tetramethylbisphenol; diglycidyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols, such as diglycidyl ethers of aliphatic glycols and diglycidyl ethers of polyether glycols, such as diglycidyl ethers of C2-24 alkylene glycols, diglycidyl ethers of poly (ethylene oxide) glycols, or diglycidyl ethers of poly (propylene oxide) glycols; polyglycidyl ethers of phenolic resins, such as polyglycidyl ethers of phenol-formaldehyde resins, polyglycidyl ethers of alkyl-substituted phenol-formaldehyde resins, polyglycidyl ethers of phenol-hydroxybenzaldehyde resins, or polyglycidyl ethers of cresol-hydroxybenzaldehyde resins; or a combination thereof.
[0053] According to certain embodiments of the application, the epoxy resin is a diglycidyl ether of a polyhydric phenol, particularly preferably having the following structural formula (I) :
[0054] wherein D represents -S-, -S-S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -CO2-, -CO-, -O-or a divalent alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such as -CH2-or -C (CH3) 2-;
[0055] Each Y independently represents halogen, such as F, Cl, Br, or I, or optionally substituted monovalent C1-C10 hydrocarbyl groups, such as optionally substituted methyl, ethyl, vinyl, propyl, allyl or butyl;
[0056] each m independently represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and
[0057] n is an integer from 0 to 4, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
[0058] More preferably, the epoxy resin is a bisphenol A-type epoxy resin, a bisphenol S-type epoxy resin, or a bisphenol F-type epoxy resin having the structural formula (I) , wherein D represents -C (CH3) 2-, -SO2-or -CH2-, m represents 0 and n is an integer from 0 to 4.
[0059] Most preferably, the epoxy resin is a bisphenol A type epoxy resin having the structural formula (I) , wherein each D represents -C (CH3) 2-, m represents 0 and n is an integer from 0 to 4.
[0060] The epoxy resins disclosed above can be made, for example, using epichlorohydrin techniques well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Alternatively, as an example of an epoxy resin, any suitable commercially available product may be used, such as the solid epoxy resin NPES 901 available from Nan Ya Plastics.
[0061] In some embodiments according to the present application, the epoxy resin may be present in liquid form. In other embodiments according to the present application, the epoxy resin may also be present in solid form. The inventors have found that the overall properties of the cured coating (including, for example, water resistance, salt spray resistance, acid and alkali resistance, gloss, hardness, etc. ) can be further improved by using an epoxy resin present in solid form. Accordingly, preferably, the epoxy resin alone is present in solid form at normal temperature and pressure.
[0062] In some embodiments of the present application, based on the total weight of the 1K coating composition, the epoxy resin is present in a total amount of from 2 wt. %to 60 wt. -%, preferably from 3 wt. %to 55 wt. %, preferably from 5 wt. %to 50 wt. %, more preferably from 8 wt. %to 45 wt. %, still more preferably from 10 wt. %to 20 wt. %. For example, based on total weight of the 1K coating composition, the epoxy resin may be present in an amount of about 10 wt. %, 12 wt. %, 15 wt. %, 18 wt. %, 20 wt. %, 22 wt. %, 25 wt. %, 28 wt. %, 30 wt. %, 35 wt. %, 40 wt. %, or 45 wt. %. Other ranges formed from the above numerical values and / or the upper limits and / or the lower limits of the above ranges may also be used.
[0063] In some embodiments, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin and the acrylic monomer, the epoxy resin may be present in an amount of from 2 wt. %to 50 wt. %, such as 5 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 15 wt. %, 20 wt. %, 25 wt. %, 30 wt. %, 35 wt. %, 40 wt. %, and 45 wt. %. In some embodiments, a weight ratio of the acrylic monomer to the epoxy resin is in a range of from 5: 1 to 1: 5, preferably from 4: 1 to 1: 3, and more preferably from 3: 1 to 1: 1, for example 2.9: 1, 2.5: 1, 2: 1, and 1.5: 1.
[0064] In some embodiments, the silane coupling agent has a formula of Y (CH2) nSiX3, wherein n = 0, 1, 2 or 3, Y is or comprises one or more of alkenyl, (meth) acryloyloxy, aminoalkyl, isocyanatoalkyl, epoxyalkyl, and ureidoalkyl, and each X is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy or trimethylsiloxy, provided that at least one X is methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy or trimethylsiloxy.
[0065] Preferably, the silane coupling agent has a double bond and a large steric hindrance. In some embodiments, the silane coupling agent is one or more selected from vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, vinyl triisopropoxysilane, (meth) acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, (meth) acryloxypropyl triethoxysilane, (meth) acryloxypropyl methyldimethoxysilane, (meth) acryloxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane, (meth) acryloxypropyl tris (trimethylsiloxy) silane, γ-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, tris (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate, γ-isocyanatopropyl trimethoxysilane, γ-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl triethoxysilane, and diethoxymethyl [ (3-oxiranylmethoxy) propyl] silane. Preferably, the silane coupling agent is one or more selected from vinyl triisopropoxysilane, acryloxypropyl triethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyl triethoxysilane, γ-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane, and tris (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate.
[0066] In some embodiments, the silane coupling agent may be present in an amount of from 0.1 wt. %to 10 wt. %based on the total weight of the 1K coating composition. For example, based on total weight of the 1K coating composition, the silane coupling agent may be present in an amount of about 0.5 wt. %, 1 wt. %, 1.2 wt. %, 1.5 wt. %, 1.8 wt. %, 2 wt. %, 2.5 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 3.5 wt. %, 4 wt. %, 5 wt. %, or 8 wt. %. Preferably, the silane coupling agent may be prsent in an amount of from 1.5 wt. %to 4 wt. %. Other ranges formed from the above numerical values and / or the upper limits and / or the lower limits of the above ranges may also be used.
[0067] This combination of double bond and large steric hindrance can not only allow the silane coupling agent to react with the film-forming resin and monomers during the film-forming process, but also help to improve the adhesion between the resin and the substrate. Moreover, for DTM applications, the silane coupling agents herein are beneficial to obtaining better adhesion on metal substrates with low surface treatment (e.g., no sanding) , and improving the performance of metal substrates in salt spray resistance tests.
[0068] In addition to the acrylic monomer, epoxy resin and silane coupling agent mentioned above, the 1K coating composition of the present application further comprises a non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier. The non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier is an adduct formed via the addition of an epoxy resin (e.g. an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of from 400 g / eq to 2500 g / eq) with a non-ionic surfactant, and can act as an emulsifier for the epoxy resin and have a suitable reactivity to enabling reacting with a curing agent, thereby reducing, or even avoiding, the risk of migration from the coating.
[0069] In some embodiments, at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier is derived from one or more of butyl glycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, cardanol polyoxyethylene ether, and cardanol glycidyl ether.
[0070] Preferably, the non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier is derived from cardanol polyoxyethylene ether. By way of illustration, the cardanol polyoxyethylene ether has a structure represented by the following formula (II) :
[0071] wherein n is in the range of from 10 to 60.
[0072] The inventors of the present application have found that in the cardanol polyoxyethylene ether used for forming the non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier described above having a hydrophilic segment composed of 10 to 60 EO / PO units, the hydrophobic segment has a large conjugated group, which increases intermolecular interaction. For this reason, the emulsifier can emulsify epoxy resin very well, and emulsify even solid epoxy resin very well. Therefore, the waterborne resin emulsion formed by using such emulsifier has the characteristics of suitable particle size and uniform particle size distribution.
[0073] In an embodiment according to the present application, the non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier has an epoxy equivalent in the range of from 10,000 g / eq to 40,000 g / eq, as determined according to ASTM D1652.
[0074] In an embodiment according to the present application, the non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier is present in solid form.
[0075] The above non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier can be prepared empirically by those skilled in the art. Alternatively, examples of the nonionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier described above may be any suitable commercially available product, such as the non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier under the GF-40 brand from Jiangsu Haian Petrochemical Plant.
[0076] In an embodiment according to the present application, based on the total weight of the 1K coating composition, the at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier is present in an amount in a range of from 0.1 wt. %to 10 wt. %. For example, based on total weight of the 1K coating composition, the at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier may be present in an amount of about 0.5 wt. %, 1 wt. %, 1.5 wt. %, 2 wt. %, 2.5 wt. %, 3 wt. %, 5 wt. %, or 8 wt. %. Preferably, the at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier may be used in an amount of from 1.5 wt. %to 3 wt. %. Other ranges formed from the above numerical values and / or the upper limits and / or the lower limits of the above ranges may also be used.
[0077] In an embodiment, weight ratio of the at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier to the at least one epoxy resin is in a range of from 1: 20 to 1: 1.2. Preferably, the weight ratio of the at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier to the at least one epoxy resin is in the range of from 1: 15 to 1: 1.5, more preferably in the range of from 1: 10 to 1: 2. For example, the weight ratio of the at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier to the at least one epoxy resin may be 1: 12, 1: 8, 1: 6, 1: 5, 1: 4, 1: 3, 1: 2, or 1: 1.8. Other ranges formed from the above numerical values and / or the upper limits and / or the lower limits of the above ranges may also be used.
[0078] By way of illustration, the above-described 1K coating composition may be formulated using the above-described epoxy resin, non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier, and deionized water via any method known to those skilled in the art suitable for formulating aqueous emulsions. However, in a preferred embodiment according to the present application, the above-described 1K coating composition is formulated in the following manner. Specifically, the at least one epoxy resin and the at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier are melted and mixed at a stirring speed of from 1400 rpm to 1600 rpm; deionized water is slowly added until phase inversion occurs, and the mixture is dispersed at a stirring speed of 1800 rpm to 2000 rpm; deionized water is then further added, thereby forming an emulsion of the 1K coating composition. The inventors of the present application have found that the 1K coating composition formulated by the above method has particularly excellent stability, including but not limited to high temperature stability and solvent stability. For example, a 1K coating composition formulated using the above method can be stored at an elevated temperature of 50 ℃ for 1 month or longer, or stable at room temperature for at least 180 days, without demulsification, and / or no demulsification occurs in the presence of a variety of organic solvents at high concentrations, including 30%dipropylene glycol butyl ether (DPnB) , dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPM) , propylene glycol propyl ether (PnP) , ethylene glycol butyl ether (BCS) , Texanol, ethanol, etc.
[0079] Preferably, the composition is substantially free of phosphorus-based emulsifiers, for example substantially free of phosphate-based emulsifiers.
[0080] In an embodiment according to the present application, the 1K coating composition has a solid content of from 38 wt. %to 75 wt. %, preferably a solid content of from 40 wt. %to 70 wt. %, more preferably a solid content of from 45 wt. %to 65 wt. %.
[0081] In an embodiment according to the present application, in the 1K coating composition, the epoxy resin has an epoxy equivalent of from 900 g / eq to 1100 g / eq.
[0082] In an embodiment according to the present application, the 1K coating composition comprises particles having a particle size of less than 30 microns.
[0083] In some embodiments, the 1K coating composition according to the present application may further comprise pigments and fillers, aqueous media, and / or additional additives.
[0084] In an embodiment of the present application, "pigments and fillers" is a collective term for pigments and / or fillers.
[0085] According to the present application, a "filler" refers to any volume extender suitable for use in a coating composition, which may be inorganic, for example, in particulate form. There is no particular limitation on the shape of the particles, and they may have any suitable shape. The average particle size of the filler may vary over a wide range, for example in the range of about 10 nanometers to about 50 microns. Some fillers, in addition to acting as volume extenders, impart one or more desired properties to the composition and / or the coating formed from the composition. For example, some fillers may improve the chemical and / or physical properties, and in particular the mechanical properties of the coating resulting from the composition. In this case, such fillers are also referred to as "reinforcing fillers" . Suitable fillers may include, for example, silicates, sulfates, carbonates, and silica. Suitable exemplary fillers include, for example, porcelain clay, wollastonite, barite, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, talc, barium sulfate, magnesium aluminum silicate, silicon dioxide, and any combination thereof.
[0086] According to the present application, a "pigment" is an agent used to provide color and / or hue to a cured coating. Suitable pigments may include one or more of iron oxide, carbon black, lead oxide, lead carbonate, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, Ultramarine Blue, chromium green, or chromium oxide, or a combination thereof. As a special pigment, an "anti-rust pigment" further has the effect of preventing corrosion of metal substrates, including, but not limited to, zinc phosphate, zinc molybdenum phosphate, and aluminum tripolyphosphate. As examples of an anti-rust pigment, any suitable commercially available product may be used, such as HEUCOPHOS CAPP, HEUCOPHOS SAPP, HEUCOPHOS ZPA commercially available from Haibo, and the like. In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the 1K coating composition comprises titanium oxide, carbon black, anti-rust pigments, and combinations thereof.
[0087] According to certain embodiments of the present application, the total amount of pigments and fillers may vary within a wide range, for example in the range of about 5 wt. %to about 65 wt. %, preferably in the range of about 10 wt. %to about 60 wt. %, more preferably in the range of about 10 wt. %to 55 wt. %, based on the total weight of the 1K coating composition.
[0088] In embodiments according to the present application, the 1K coating composition may comprise any suitable aqueous medium. Suitable aqueous media include water-soluble organic solvents, water, and mixtures thereof.
[0089] In certain embodiments of the present application, the 1K coating composition may further comprise additional additives commonly used in an aqueous epoxy resin paint that do not adversely affect the coating composition or the cured coating resulting therefrom. Suitable additives include, for example, those that will improve the processability or manufacturability of the composition, enhance the aesthetics of the composition, improve certain functional properties or characteristics (such as adhesion to the substrate) of the coating composition or cured composition derived therefrom. Additives that may be included are, for example, dispersants, leveling agents, film-forming aids, co-solvents, bactericides, antifungal agents, chain extenders, lubricants, biocides, plasticizers, antifoaming agents, color developers, waxes, antioxidants, adhesion promoters, UV stabilizers, or combinations thereof. Each of optional ingredients is present in an amount sufficient to serve its intended purpose, but preferably, such an amount does not adversely affect the coating composition or the cured coating therefrom. In preferred embodiments of the present application, suitable additional additives include dispersing agents, leveling agents, film-forming aids, co-solvents, or any combination thereof.
[0090] Each of optional ingredients is present in an amount sufficient to serve its intended purpose, but preferably, such an amount does not adversely affect the 1K coating composition or the cured coating therefrom. According to certain embodiments of the present application, the total amount of additional additives may be in the range of about 0 wt. %to about 20 wt. %, preferably in the range of about 0 wt. to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the 1K coating composition.
[0091] The preparation of the 1K coating composition of the present application may be accomplished using any suitable mixing method known to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, the film-forming resin composition may be prepared by pre-mixing pigment and filler and aqueous medium, and then grinding and dispersing with a mill to obtain a homogeneous system, then adding the system with the waterborne resin emulsion, the remaining pigment and filler, and additional additives (if any) to a container, followed by stirring the resulting mixture uniformly.
[0092] The 1K coating composition may be applied using a variety of methods familiar to those skilled in the art, including spraying (for example, air-assisted, airless, or electrostatic spraying) , brushing, rolling, flooding, and dipping. In an embodiment of the application, the 1K coating composition is applied by spraying. The 1K coating compositions may be applied in various wet film thicknesses. In some preferred embodiments of the present application, the wet film thickness provides a dry film thickness of at least about 30 μm, more preferably a dry film thickness of 35 μm to about 200 μm, even more preferably from about 45 μm to about 100 μm. Curing may be achieved by air drying the applied coating or by accelerating curing in various drying devices familiar to those skilled in the art, such as an oven. The preferred heating temperature for curing the paint film is from about 60℃ to about 100℃, and more preferably from about 60℃ to about 80℃, and the preferred heating time is from at least three minutes to less than 60 minutes, less than 45 minutes, less than 40 minutes. The heating time will tend to decrease with increasing temperature or gas flow.
[0093] In an embodiment according to the present application, the 1K coating composition and the paint film formed therefrom exhibit desired coating stability and paint film properties, and preferably exhibit properties equivalent to or higher than conventional two-component polyurethane coatings when tested in one or more of the following tests including, but not limited to, coating stability, abrasive resistance, solvent impact resistance, fineness, drying speed, workability, acid and alkali resistance, salt spray resistance, flexibility and hardness.
[0094] Article
[0095] Another aspect of the present application provides an article, comprising: a substrate having at least one major surface; and a coating directly or indirectly applied on at least part of the major surface of the substrate, wherein the coating is formed from the 1K coating composition according to the present application.
[0096] As the substrate used to make the article of the present application, any suitable substrate known in the art may be used. By way of illustration, the substrate is selected from metal, wood, wood composite, paper, plastic, fabric, ceramic, cementitious material, or any combination thereof.
[0097] In an embodiment according to the present application, the substrate is preferably a metal substrate. By way of illustration, the metal substrate is selected from steel, iron, aluminum, zinc, and alloys thereof.
[0098] According to the present application, the article may be prepared, for example, by (1) providing an optionally polished metal substrate; (2) sequentially applying and curing one or more of the 1K coating compositions of the present application onto the metal substrate using an applying and curing process to provide corrosion resistance to the metal substrate.
[0099] According the present application, the metal articles thus obtained are optionally further treated with additional primers and anti-corrosion topcoats, and may be used in the following end applications including, but not limited to, refrigerated containers and unrefrigerated shipping containers (e.g., dry cargo containers) from suppliers or manufacturers including China International Marine Containers (CIMC) , Graaff Transportsysteme Gmbh, Maersk Line and others that will be familiar to persons having ordinary skill in the art, chassis, trailers including semitrailers, rail cars, truck bodies, ships, bridges, building skeletons, and other prefabricated or site-fabricated metal articles needing temporary indoor or outdoor corrosion inhibition during fabrication. Additional uses include metal angles, channels, beams (e.g., I-beams) , pipes, tubes, plates and other components that may be welded into these and other metal articles.
[0100] As mentioned above, the inventors of the present application have surprisingly found that by adding an acrylic monomer and a silane coupling agent to a film-forming resin composition comprising at least one epoxy resin and at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier, particularly a non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier derived from cardanol polyoxyethylene ether, in the formulation of a 1K coating composition, the thus obtained 1K coating composition can have significantly improved storage stability, for example being stable at room temperature for at least 180 days, and can have excellent salt spray resistance.
[0101] Accordingly, in yet another aspect, the present application provides a novel use, namely the use of at least one epoxy resin and at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier, in particular a non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier derived from cardanol polyoxyethylene ether, for improving the storage stability and salt spray resistance of a 1K coating composition. The preferred embodiments described above also apply here. For example, the 1K coating composition is preferably substantially free of phosphorus-based emulsifiers and curing agents.
[0102] EXAMPLES
[0103] The disclosure in the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. However, it is to be understood that the following examples of the present application are only intended to be illustrative of the present application, and are not intended to limit the invention, because it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the disclosure of the present application. Unless otherwise stated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are based on weight, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available, and can be directly used without further treatment.
[0104] Test methods:
[0105] Storage stability of coatings: a coating composition is put into a sealed container, stored at room temperature for 180 days, and after opening the lid of the container, the state of the coating is observed. Using the coating composition before storage as a reference, if the coating composition after storage is in normal state without any observed sedimentation, agglomeration and with normal fineness, then the coating composition has passed stability test.
[0106] Pencil hardness: is determined according to the standard ASTM D3363 using a pencil hardness tester.
[0107] Salt spray resistance: is tested according to ASTM B 117 using a salt spray box at 35℃.
[0108] Water resistance test and acid and alkali resistance test: a coating is tested using the test methods and test criteria in the standard HG / T 4566-2013.
[0109] Raw materials:
[0110] Epoxy resin: Epoxy resin NPES 901 commercially available from Nan ya Plastics, having an epoxy equivalent of from 450 to 500.
[0111] Non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier: A non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier GF-40 derived from cardanol polyoxyethylene ether commercially available from Jiangsu Haian Petrochemical Plant, being a light yellow solid having an epoxy equivalent of from 10,000 to 40,000 and a pH value of 5 to 8.
[0112] Styrene and acrylic monomers: isooctyl acrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and acetoacetoxy ethyl methacrylate, all being general industrial products and commercially available.
[0113] Silane coupling agents; commercially available vinyl trimethoxysilane.
[0114] Two-component polyurethane as a control: Bayhydrol A 145 commercially available from Covestro used as the main resin and Bayhydur 2655 commercially available from Covestro used as the curing agent.
[0115] Emulsifier as a control: Dowfax 100N50 commercially available from DOW Company, which is a non-ionic surfactant of the polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene copolymer (EO / PO copolymer) class and does not have epoxy functional group.
[0116] Preparation of coating compositions
[0117] According to the components and their amounts were shown in Table 1 below, the monomer, epoxy resin, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and water were mixed, homogeneously emulsified to obtain a pre-emulsion, and then water and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate were added. The temperature was raised to about 84℃. Sodium persulfate was then added and the reaction was carried out for 1 hour. The coating compositions of Examples 1-5 were obtained.
[0118] Referring to the preparation of Example 1, the coating compositions of Comparative Examples 2 to 3 were prepared according to the components and amounts shown in Table 1. In Comparative Example 1, a two-component polyurethane as a control was used instead of the 1K coating composition in Example 1. In Comparative Example 2, both epoxy resin and non-ionic reactive emulsifier were not used. In Comparative Example 3, the emulsifier as a control was used instead of the non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier in Example 1.
[0119] Then, the mixtures obtained in the above Examples (denoted by Ex. ) and Comparative Examples (denoted by CE. ) were tested for storage stability at room temperature, respectively. In addition, the hardness, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and salt spray resistance of the coating compositions according to the above Examples and Comparative Examples were measured. The results were summarized in Table 1 and were also shown in Figs. 1 to 3.
[0120] Table 1: Composition and coating stability of coating compositions, as well as properties of cured coatings
[0121] Table 2: Stability of coating composition and properties of cured coatings
[0122] From the results in Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the 1K coating compositions of the present application can be stable at room temperature for at least 180 days. Furthermore, compared to Comparative Example 1 using a two-component polyurethane, Comparative Example 2 containing an acrylic monomer but not containing an epoxy resin and a reactive emulsifier, and Comparative Example 3 containing no reactive emulsifier, the 1K coating compositions of the present application can provide coatings having good gloss and hardness, and excellent acid and alkali resistance after curing.
[0123] The cured coating of Example 1 showed a smooth surface and no abnormalities in the water resistance test, whereas the cured coating of Comparative Example 2 showed wrinkled, rough surface and exhibited a plurality of fine circular holes in the water resistance test under the same conditions, as shown in Fig. 1. Moreover, compared with the cured coating of Comparative Example 2, the cured coating of Example 1 exhibited significantly better salt spray resistance on both tin-plated iron and cold-rolled steel sheet, as shown in Figs. 2-3.
[0124] From the results of Examples 1 to 6, it can be seen that by adjusting the ratio of components, the cured coating obtained can have excellent salt spray resistance in addition to excellent water resistance and acid and alkali resistance.
[0125] While the invention has been described with reference to a number of embodiments and examples, those of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that other embodiments can be devised based on this disclosure without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Claims
1.A 1K coating composition comprising:at least one acrylic monomer,at least one epoxy resin,at least one silane coupling agent, andat least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier.2.The 1K coating composition according to claim 1, wherein the acrylic monomer is one or more selected from (meth) acrylic acid, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and hydroxymethyl (meth) acrylate.3.The 1K coating composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein based on the total weight of the 1K coating composition, the acrylic monomer is present in an amount of from 5 wt. %to 60 wt. %.4.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the epoxy resin is a diglycidyl ether of a polyhydric phenol having the following structural formula (I) : whereinD represents-S-, -S-S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -CO2-, -CO-, -O-or divalent C1-C10 alkylene,each Y independently represents halogen, or optionally substituted monovalent C1-C10 hydrocarbon group,each m independently represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,n is an integer from 0 to 4.5.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the epoxy resin alone is present in solid form at normal temperature and pressure.6.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the epoxy resin has an epoxy equivalent ranging from 200 g / eq to 2000 g / eq, preferably ranging from 220 g / eq to 1500 g / eq, more preferably ranging from 250 g / eq to 1000 g / eq.7.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein based on the total weight of the 1K coating composition, the at least one epoxy resin is present in a total amount of from 2 wt. %to 60 wt. %.8.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silane coupling agent has a formula of Y (CH2) nSiX3, wherein n = 0, 1, 2 or 3, Y is or comprises one or more of alkenyl, (meth) acryloyloxy, aminoalkyl, isocyanatoalkyl, epoxyalkyl, and ureidoalkyl, andeach X is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy or trimethylsiloxy, provided that at least one X is methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy or trimethylsiloxy.9.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the silane coupling agent is one or more selected from vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, vinyl triisopropoxysilane, (meth) acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, (meth) acryloxypropyl triethoxysilane, (meth) acryloxypropyl methyldimethoxysilane, (meth) acryloxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane, (meth) acryloxypropyl tris (trimethylsiloxy) silane, γ-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, tris (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate, γ-isocyanatopropyl trimethoxysilane, γ-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl triethoxysilane, and diethoxymethyl [ (3-oxiranylmethoxy) propyl] silane.10.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier is derived from one or more of butyl glycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, cardanol polyoxyethylene ether, and cardanol glycidyl ether.11.The 1K coating composition according to claim 10, wherein the cardanol polyoxyethylene ether has a structure represented by the following formula (II) : wherein n is in the range of from 10 to 60.12.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a weight ratio of the at least one non-ionic reactive epoxy resin emulsifier to the at least one epoxy resin is in a range of from 1: 20 to 1: 1.2.13.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composition is substantially free of phosphorus-based emulsifiers.14.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a weight ratio of the acrylic monomer to the epoxy resin is in a range of from 5: 1 to 1: 5.15.The 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the 1K coating composition is stable at room temperature for at least 180 days.16.A coated article, comprising:a substrate having at least one major surface; anda coating directly or indirectly applied on at least part of the major surface of the substrate,wherein the coating is formed from the 1K coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15.17.The coated article according to claim 16, wherein the substrate is selected from metal, wood, wood composite, paper, plastic, fabric, ceramic, cementitious material, or any combination thereof.18.The coated article according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the coating has a thickness of at least 30 μm.19.The coated article according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the coating does not blister for at least 500 hours in a salt spray test at 35℃.