Photocurable as well as thermally curable compositions suitable for low temperature curing

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition comprising (i) at least one compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A), (ii) at least one thermal radical initiator (B) of formula (1) and (iii) at least one photoinitiator (C), to processes for the preparation of a cured layer or cured pattern using these compositions, to the cured layer and the cured pattern formed by the respective process, and to devices comprising at least one cured layer or cured pattern.

Description

[0001] Photocurable as well as Thermally Curable Compositions Suitable for Low Temperature Curing Description The present invention relates to photocurable as well as thermally curable compositions com- prising (i) at least one compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A), (ii) at least one thermal radical initiator (B) and (iii) at least one photoinitiator (C), to processes forming either a cured layer or a cured pattern on a substrate using these composi- tions, to the cured layer and the cured pattern, and to devices, preferably printed circuit boards, integrated circuits, color filter arrays, liquid crystal displays, organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays or white organic light emitting diode (WOLED) displays, comprising the cured layer or the cured pattern. Compositions that are photocurable as well as thermally curable usually comprise at least one photoinitiator, at least one thermal radical initiator and polymerizable monomers or oligomers carrying ethylenically unsaturated groups. These compositions have many applications for ex- ample as coating composition for wood or can coatings, as adhesive composition, as ink com- position, as 3D-printing composition and as photoresist composition. These compositions are usually first cured by light treatment followed by heat treatment. There is a growing demand for compositions, in particular for coating compositions and photo- resist compositions, that form layers, that are photocurable as well as thermally curable, and which layers can be cured in a process comprising a light treatment and a heat treatment step, wheren the heat treatment step can be performed at temperatures of below 150 °C, or even of below 120 °C. A rather low temperature in the heat treatment step, which is generally the step of highest temperature of the whole process, allows the use of heat sensitive substrates such as plastic substrates and / or heat-sensitive composition components such as heat-sensitive dyes. This is particularly important for photoresist compositions used in photolithographic processes for the preparation of components such as printed circuit boards (PCBs), integrated circuits (ICs) (also commonly called “chips”) and color filter arrays (CFAs) used in display applications such as liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays or white organic light emitting diode (WOLED) displays. Photolithographic processes are usually employed for forming patterns on a substrate. Photo- lithographic processes comprise the steps of application of the photoresist composition on a substrate to form a layer, light treatment of the layer through a mask, removing either the light- treated parts (positive photoresist) or the not light-treated parts (negative photoresist) of the layer by treatment with a developer to form a pattern, and heat treatment of the pattern on the substrate to increase the resistance, the stability as well as the mechanical strength of the pat- tern. The heat treatment step is commonly also referred to as “post-baking” step. Although it is desired that the temperature of the post-baking step is below 150 °C, or even of below 120 °C, the photoresist composition should also not cure under conditions usually used to remove any solvent prior to the light treatment step.

[0002] Color filter arrays are composed of various tiny color filters of different color, for example of red, green and blue, which are usually separated by a black matrix, on a transparent substrate. Each color filter array corresponds to one pixel of the displayed image. When preparing color filter arrays, for example a red, green, blue (RGB) color filter array, first a black matrix is usually formed on a transparent substrate in a photolithographic process using a black photo-resist composition, then red, green and blue color filters are formed, color-by-color, on the transparent substrate in the gaps of the black matrix in photolithographic processes using a red, a green and a blue, respectively, photoresist composition.

[0003] The preparation of color filter arrays using photoresist compositions is known in the art

[0004] JP 2003-015288 describes a colored photoresist composition for forming color filters, wherein the composition comprising azo compounds, organic peroxide or hydrogen peroxide as thermal radical initiator. In the exemplified preparation of the color filters, azobisbutyronitrile was used as thermal radical initiator and the post-baking step was performed at 150 °C for 30 minutes.

[0005] Resist compositions comprising aliphatic azo compounds, organic peroxide or hydrogen perox- ide as thermal radical initiator are often not stable and explosive, and thus, the storage and the transport of these compositions require additional safety measures.

[0006] JP2003-330184 describes a colored photoresist composition for forming color filters, wherein the composition comprises a thermal radical initiator having an oxadiazole structure or a triazine structure containing a trihalomethyl groups. In the exemplified preparation of the color filters, the post-baking step was performed at 200 °C for 30 minutes.

[0007] WO2010 / 108835 describes a photoresist composition for forming color filters, wherein the com- position comprises a hydroxylamine ester as thermal radical initiator. The exemplified blue color filter photoresist was post-baked at 180 °C for 30 minutes.

[0008] W02012 / 101245 describes photoresist composition for forming color filters, wherein the com- position comprises an oxime sulfonate as thermal radical initiator. The exemplified blue color filter photoresists were post-baked at temperatures of at least 180 °C, for example at 180 °C for 30 minutes.

[0009] Iminooxytriazine compounds are known in the art WO2014 / 064064 describes iminooxytriazine compounds and their use as radical initiator. Vari- ous radically polymerizabe compositions comprising iminooxytriazine compounds, but not pho- toinitiator, are exemplified. Compositions comprising oxime ester photoinitiators are also known in the art. US6596445, WO2002 / 100903, WO2012 / 045736 and US2015 / 0111152 describe compositions comprising oxime ester photoinitiators. It was the object of the present invention to provide compositions that are photocurable as well as thermally curable and which compositions can be cured in processes comprising a light treatment and a heat treatment step, wherein the heat treatment step is performed at a temper- ature of below 120 °C. This object is solved by the composition of claim 1, the processes of claims 11 and 12, the cured layer of claim 14, the cured pattern of claim 15, and the device of claim 16. The composition of the present invention comprises (i) at least one compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A), (ii) at least one thermal radical initiator (B) of formula wherein n is 1 or 2 R1and R2independently from each other are H, NR6R7, COR6, COOR6, CONR6R7, CN, Y- R10, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents se- lected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12- alkoxy, wherein Y is O or S, R10is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, R6and R7are independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6and R7together with the N-atom, to which R6and R7are connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsatu- rated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R1and R2together with the C-atom, to which R1and R2are connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic saturated or unsaturat- ed ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R3is F, Cl, -(L)m-X-R5, NR8R9or -O-N=CR1R2, X is O or S, R5is H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, L is C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12- cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, m is 0 or 1, R8and R9are independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8and R9together with the N-atom, to which R8and R9are connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsatu- rated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and If n is 1, R4is F, Cl, -(L)m-X-R5, NR8R9or -O-N=CR1R2, If n is 2, R4is a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol, and (iii) at least one photoinitiator (C). C1-12-alkyl, C1-18-alkyl and C1-20-alkyl can be branced or unbranched. Examples of C1-12-alkyl are methyl, ethyl, butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 1,1- dimethyl-3,3-dimethylbutyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and dodecyl. Examples of C1-18-alkyl are C1-12- alkyl and tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadecyl. Examples of C1-20-alkyl are C1-18-alkyl and nonadecyl and eicosyl. C2-18-alkenyl and C2-18-alkinyl can be branched or unbranched. Examples of C2-18-alkenyl are viny and allyl. Examples of C5-8-cycloalkyl are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl. Examples of C3-12-cycloalkyl are C5-8-cycloalkyl and cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl and cyclododecyl. Examples of C6-14-aryl are phenyl and naphthyl. Examples of C2-14-heteroaryl are thiophenyl, tetrahydrofuryl, . Examples of halogen are F, Cl, Br and I. Examples of C1-6-alkoxy are methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pent- oxy, isopentoxy and hexoxy. Examples of C1-12-alkoxy are C1-6-alkoxy, heptoxy, octoxy, 1,1- dimethyl-3,3-dimethylbutoxy, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and dodecyl. Examples of 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring formed by R6and R7together with the N-atom, to which R6and R7are connected, are . Examples of a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated rings formed by R1and R2together with the C-atom, to which R1and R2are connected, and which is marked with * are wherein R6and R11are independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy. Examples of C1-18-alkylene are methylene, ethylene, butylene, iso-butylene, sec-butylene, tert- butylene, pentylene, isopentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, 1,1-dimethyl-3,3- dimethylbutylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, tridecylene, tetradecylene, pentadecylene, hexadecylene, heptadecylene and octadecylene. Examples of C3-12-cycloalkylene are cyclopropylene cyclobutylene, cyclopentylene, cyclo- hexylene, cycloheptylene, cyclooctylene, cyclononylene, cyclodecylene, cycloundecylene and cyclododecylene. Examples of C6-14-arylene are phenylene and 1,2-napthylene. Examples of 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring formed by R8and R9together with the N-atom, to which R8and R9are connected, are . The compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A) can be any compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A). The compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A) preferably has an average weight molecular weight of below 1500 g / mol, more preferably below 1000 g / mol, and most preferably below 800 g / mol. The compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A) preferably does not carry acidic groups. Examples of acidic groups are COOH groups, SO3H groups and hydroxy aryl groups. The compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A) more preferably does not carry COOH groups. The ethylenically unsaturated group can be any ethylenically unsaturated group that can poly- merize by free radical mechanism. Examples of ethylenically unsaturated groups are acryloyl and methacryloyl groups as well as ethylenically unsaturated groups other than acryloyl and methacrylyol such as vinyl and allyl groups. The acryloyl group has formula -C(=O)-CH=CH2. The methacryloyl group has formula -C(=O)- C(CH3)=CH2. In the following, the term “(meth)acryloyl” comprises acryloyl and methacryolyl, the term “(meth)acrylate” comprises acrylate and methacrylate and the term “(meth)acrylic acid” com- prises acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. Examples of compounds or oligomers carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated groups are (meth)acryloyl groups, are: C1-20-alkyl (meth)acrylates such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (methacrylate), sec-butyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, isopentyl (meth)acrylate, 2-methylbutyl (meth)acrylate, amyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylbutyl (meth)acrylate, heptyl (methacrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-propylheptyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate), decyl (methacrylate), isodecyl (methacry- late), undecyl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acryte, tetradecyl (meth)acrylate, pentadecyl (meth)acrylate, hexadecyl (meth)acrylate, heptadecyl (meth)acrylate, octadecyl (meth)acrylate and nonadecyl (meth)acrylate, C1-20-alkyl (meth)acrylates, wherein the C1-20-alkyl carries at least one saturated or unsaturated carbocylic or heterocyclic ring system, such as benzyl(meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate and glycidyl (meth)acrylate, C1-20-alkyl (meth)acrylates, wherein the C1-20-alkyl carries at least one hydroxy group, such 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, C1-20-alkyl (meth)acrylates, wherein the C1-20-alkyl carries at least one C6-14-aryloxy group, such as 2-phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, C1-20-alkyl (meth)acrylates, wherein the C1-20-alkyl carries at least one C1-10-alkoxy(C1-10- alkoxy)0-5group, such as 2-methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 4-methoxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-(2-(2-methoxy- ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl (meth)acrylate, C1-20-alkyl (meth)acrylates, wherein the C1-20-alkyl carries at least one N(C1-10-alkyl)2 group or N(C1-10-alkyl)(C6-14aryl) group, such as N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate and N,N- diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, esters of a cyclic secondary alcohols with (meth)acrylic acid such as cyclopentyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, cycloheptyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate, 2-norbonyl (meth)acrylate, dihydrodicyclopentadienyl (meth)acrylate, 4-tetrahydropyranyl (meth)acrylate and 2-tetrahydropyranyl (meth)acrylate, esters of diols with (meth)acrylic acid such as 1,2-ethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,2-propyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,3-propyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,2-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,3-butanediol-di(meth)acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopen- tylglycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,7-heptandiol di(methacrylate), 1,8-octanediol di(methacrylate), 1,9-nonanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,10-decanediol di(methacrylate), 1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-cyclohexane di(methacrylate), 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)- cyclohexane di(methacrylate), 1,3-cyclopentane diol di(meth)acrylate, cyclohexan-1,2-diol di(meth)acrylate, cyclohexan-1,3-diol di(meth)acrylate, cyclohexan-1,4-diol di(meth)acrylate, hydroquinone di(meth)aceylate, 4,4’-dihydroxybiphenyl di(meth)acrylate, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane di(meth)acrylate, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane di(meth)acrylate, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane di(meth)acrylate, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene di(meth)acrylate, 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]methane di(meth)acrylate, 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene di(methacrylate), poly(ether) diols di(meth)acrylates such as diethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetrapropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycols di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene-polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, wherein the sequence of the ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units being blockwise or ran- dom, polytetramethyleneglycol di(meth)acrylate and poly(tetrahydrofuran) di(meth)acrylate, pol- yurethane diol di(meth)acrylate and polyester diol di(meth)acrylate, esters of mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) diols with (meth)acrylic acid such as [mono- or poly(propoxylated) 1,2-ethylenegycol] di(meth)acrylate, [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) 1,2-propyleneglycol] di(meth)acrylate, [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) 1,2-butanediol] di(meth)acrylate, [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) neopentylglycol] di(meth)acrylate, [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane] di(meth)acrylate and [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) bisphenol A] di(meth)acrylate, partial and full esters of polyols with (meth)acrylic acid, wherein hydroxy groups of the polyols not esterified with (meth)acrylic acid can be otherwise modified, for example by esterification with other carboxylic acids or diacids or by etherifcation with alcohols, such as glycerol di(meth)acrylate, glycerol tri(meth)acrylate, 1 ,1 ,1 -trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, 1 ,1 ,1 -trimethylolethane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol monooxalate tri(meth)acrylate, di(1 , 1 ,1 -trimethylolpropane) tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol di(meth)- acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythri- tol penta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol pen- ta(meth)acrylate mono(2-hydroxyethyl) ether, tripentaerythritol octa(meth)acrylate, tris(2- hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate, sorbitol tri(meth)acrylate, sorbitol tetra(meth)acrylate, sor- bitol penta(meth)acrylate, sorbitol hexa(meth)acrylate, triethanolamine tri(meth)acrylate, esters of novolacs with (meth)acrylic acid, esters of resols with (meth)acrylic acid, esters of polyvinyl alcohols with (meth)acrylic, esters of (meth)acrylic poymers carrying hydroxy groups, for exam- ple (meth)acrylic poymers comprising (hydroxy)alkyl (meth)acrylate derived units, with (meth)acrylic acid, esters of polyurethane polyol with (meth)acrylic acid, esters of polyester pol- yols with (meth)acrylic acid, partial and full esters of mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) polyols with (meth)acrylic acid such as [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) glycerol] tri(meth)acrylate, for example 1 ,1 ,1 -trimethylolpropane tri[(meth)acryloyloxypropyl)] ether, [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated)] 1 ,1 ,1 -trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) 1 ,1 ,1- trimethylolethane] tri(meth)acrylate, [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated)] pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) di(1 , 1 ,1 -trimethylolpropane)] tetra(meth)acrylate, [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) dipentaerythritol] penta(meth)acrylate and [mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) dipentaerythritol] hexa(meth)- acrylate, reaction products of compounds and polymers carrying epoxide groups with (meth)acrylic acid such as bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)methane di(meth)acrylate, 2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane di(meth)acrylate (also called 2,2-bis[4-{(2-hydroxy-3-(meth)acryloxy)propoxy}phenyl]propane),

[0010] 2.2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane di(meth)acrylate, 9,9-bis(4- glycidyloxyphenyl)fluorene di(meth)acrylate (also called 9,9-bis[4-{(2-hydroxy-3- (meth)acryloxy)propoxy}phenyl]fluorene), bis[4-(2-glycidyloxyethoxy)phenyl]methane di(meth)acrylate, 2,2-bis[4-(2-glycidyloxyethoxy)phenyl]propane di(meth)acrylate (also called

[0011] 2.2-bis[4-{(2-hydroxy-3-(meth)acryloyloxy)propoxyethoxy}phenyl]propane), 2,2-bis[4-(2- glycidyloxyethoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane di(meth)acrylate, 9,9-bis[4-(2- glycidyloxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene di(meth)acrylate (also called 9,9-bis[4-{(2-hydroxy-3- (meth)acryloxy)propoxyethoxy}phenyl]fluorene), bis[4-(2-glycidyloxypropoxy)phenyl]methane di(meth)acrylate, 2,2-bis[4-(2-glycidyloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane di(meth)acrylate, 2,2-bis[4-(2- glycidyloxypropoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane di(meth)acrylate, 9,9-bis[4-(2- glycidyloxypropoxy)phenyl]fluorene di(meth)acrylate, glycerol diglycidyl ether di(meth)acrylate, reaction products of resins carrying glycidyl groups an derived from novolacs with (meth)acrylic acid, and reaction products of polyurethanes carrying glycidyl groups with (meth)acrylic acid, Michael addition reaction products of polymers carrying NH2groups, for example polyamides carrying NH2 groups, with compounds or oligomers carrying several (meth)acrylate groups, (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrolein, and (meth)acrylamide as well as N-substituted or N,N-disubstituted (meth)acrylamide such as N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-diethyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dibutyl (meth)acrylamide, N-methyl (meth)acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-butyl (meth)acrylamide and N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine. Examples of compounds carrying at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups, which ethyleni- cally unsaturated group are not a (meth)acryloyl group, are: styrene, styrene carrying alkyl groups such as p-tert-butylstyrene, p-methylstyrene and o- methylstyrene, styrene carrying hydroxy groups such as 4-hydroxystyrene, styrene carrying halogen groups such as 2-chlorostyrene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, divinylstyrene, butadiene, iso- prene, chloroprene, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, cylopentene, cyclo- hexene, cyclododecene, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, N-vinyl formamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methyl formamide, N-vinyl-N-methyl-acetamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl caprolactam, ethylene glycol divinyl ether, di(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether, tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether, trimethylolpropane trivinyl ether, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol divinyl ether, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, tert-amyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol divinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, allyl acetate, diallyl phthalate, triallylcyanu- rate, trimethylolpropane triallyl ether, alpha, beta unsaturated C4-10-dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid and 2-methylenglutaric acid, esters of diols and polyols with alpha, beta unsaturated C4-10-dicarboxylic acids such as 1,2-ethylene glycol diitaconate, 1,2- propylene glycol diitaconate, 1,3-butanediol diitaconate, 1,4- butanediol diitaconate, tetrameth- ylene glycol diitaconate, sorbitol tetraitaconate, pentaerythritol diitaconate, dipentaerythritol triitaconate, dipentaerythritol pentaitaconate, dipentaerythritol hexaitaconate, 1,2-ethylene glycol dimaleate, triethylene glycol dimaleate, pentaerythritol dimaleate, sorbitol tetramaleate, alpha, beta unsaturated C4-10 carboxylic acids other than (meth)acrylic acid such as crotonic acid and cinnamic acid, and esters of diols or polyols with alpha, beta unsaturated C4-10carbox- ylic acids other than (meth)acrylic acid such as 1,2-ethylene glycol dicrotonate, tetramethylene glycol dicrotonate, pentaerythritol dicrotonate, unsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic acid and oleic acid, and alpha, beta unsaturated nitriles such as (meth)acrylonitrile.

[0012] Preferred compounds and oligomers (A) are compounds and oligomers carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated group is selected from the group consisting of acryloyl and methacryloyl groups.

[0013] More preferred compounds and oligomers (A) are compounds and oligomers carrying at least one acryloyl group.

[0014] Even more preferred compounds and oligomers (A) are compounds and oligomers carrying at least two acryloyl groups selected from the group consisting of esters of diols with acrylic acid, esters of mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) diols with acrylic acid, partial and full esters of polyols with acrylic acid, wherein hydroxy groups of the polyols not es- terified with acrylic acid can be otherwise modified, partial and full esters of mono- or poly(ethoxylated) and / or mono- or poly(propoxylated) polyols with acrylic acid, and reaction products of compounds and oligomers carrying epoxide groups with acrylic acid.

[0015] Most preferred compounds and oligomers (A) are compounds and oligomers carrying at least three acryloyl groups selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentae- rythritol tetraacrylate, di(1 , 1 ,1 -trimethylolpropane) tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate and tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate.

[0016] Particular preferred compounds and oligomers (A) are dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate and di- pentaerythritol hexaacrylate.

[0017] The thermal radical initiator (B) is preferably of formula wherein nAis 1 or 2 R1Aand R2Aindependently from each other are H, COR6A, COOR6A, CONR6AR7A, CN, YA- R10A, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents se- lected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12- alkoxy, wherein YAis O or S, R10Ais C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R6Aand R7Aare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or sub- stituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Aand R7Atogether with the N-atom, to which R6Aand R7Aare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsatu- rated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R1Aand R2Atogether with the C-atom, to which R1Aand R2Aare connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group con- sisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R8Aand R9Aare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or sub- stituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8Aand R9Atogether with the N-atom, to which R8Aand R9Aare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsatu- rated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and if nAis 1, R4Ais F, Cl, -(LA)mA-XA-R5A, NR8AR9Aor -O-N=CR1AR2A, XAis O or S, R5Ais H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, LAis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12- cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, mAis 0 or 1, if nAis 2, R4Ais a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol, nBis 1 or 2 R6Band R7Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or sub- stituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Band R7Btogether with the N-atom, to which R6Band R7Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substi- tuted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R2Bis H, NR6BR7B, COR6B, COOR6B, CONR6BR7B, CN, YB-R10B, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubsti- tuted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein YBis O or S, R10Bis C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substit- uents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R7Band R2Btogether with the N-atom, to which R7Bis connected, and together with the C- atom, to which R2Bis connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered het- erocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R3Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, XBis O or S, R5Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, LBis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12- cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, mBis 0 or 1, R8Band R9Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or sub- stituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8Band R9Btogether with the N-atom, to which R8Band R9Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsatu- rated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and If nBis 1, R4Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, If nBis 2, R4Bis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol, ncis 1 or 2 R1cand R2cindependently from each other are H, COR6C, COOR6C, CONR6CR7C, CN, Y-R10C, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14- aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein YCis O or S, R10Cis C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R6Cand R7Care independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or sub- stituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Cand R7Ctogether with the N-atom, to which R6Cand R7Care connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsatu- rated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R1cand R2Ctogether with the C-atom, to which R1Cand R2Care connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, XCis O or S, R5cis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, Lcis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12- cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, mCis 0 or 1, and If ncis 1, R4Cis F, Cl, -(Lc)mc-X-R5cor -O-N=CR1cR2c, If ncis 2, R4cis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol, nDis 1 or 2 ZDis O or S, R7Dis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substit- uents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R2Dis H, COR6D, COOR6D, CONR6DR7D, CN, YD-R10D, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein YDis O or S, R6Dis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substit- uents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R10Dis C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents se- lected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12- alkoxy, R3Dis F, Cl or -O-N=C(ZDR7D)R2D, and If nDis 1, R4Dis F, Cl or -O-N=C(ZDR7D)R2D, If nDis 2, R4Dis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mer- captoalcohol. Examples of 4 to 12 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated rings formed by R7Band R2Btogether with the N-atom, to which R7Bis connected, and together with the C-atom, to which R2Bis connected, and which is marked with * are wherein R6and R11are independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy. Examples of 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring formed by R1Aand R2Atogether with the C-atom, to which R1Aand R2Aare connected, and which is marked with * are . In preferred thermal radical initiators (B) of formula 1A nAis 1 or 2 R1Aand R2Aindependently from each other are H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14- heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substitut- ed with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R1Aand R2Atogether with the C-atom, to which R1Aand R2Aare connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsub- stituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R8Aand R9Aare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14- heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substitut- ed with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8Aand R9Atogether with the N-atom, to which R8Aand R9Aare connected, form a 4 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and If nAis 1, R4Ais F, Cl, NR8AR9Aor -O-N=CR1AR2A, If nAis 2, R4Ais a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol. In more preferred thermal radical initiators (B) of formula 1A nAis 1 R1Aand R2Aindependently from each other are C1-18-alkyl or C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-12-alkyl, R1Aand R2Atogether with the C-atom, to which R1Aand R2Aare connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic saturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or sub- stituted with one or more substituted with one or more C1-12-alkoxy, R8Aand R9Aare independently from each other are C1-18-alkyl or C3-12-cycloalkyl, or R8Aand R9Atogether with the N-atom, to which R8Aand R9Aare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered hetero- cyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-12-alkyl, and R4Ais NR8AR9Aor -O-N=CR1AR2A. Most preferred thermal radical initiators (B) of formula 1A are (1A-a) and . In preferred thermal radical initiators (B) of formula 1B nBis 1 or 2 R6Band R7Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14- heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substitut- ed with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Band R7Btogether with the N-atom, to which R6Band R7Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 mem- bered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phe- nyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R2Bis H, NR6BR7B, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12- alkoxy or R6Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R7Band R2Btogether with the N-atom, to which R7Bis connected, and together with the C-atom, to which R2Bis connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy R3Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, XBis O or S, R5Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substit- uents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, LBis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, mBis 0 or 1, R8Band R9Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14- heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substitut- ed with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8Band R9Btogether with the N-atom, to which R8Band R9Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and If nBis 1, R4Bis F, Cl, XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, If nBis 2, R4Bis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol. In preferred thermal radical initiators (B) of formula 1C ncis 1 or 2 R1cand R2cindependently from each other are C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14- heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substitut- ed with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R1cand R2Ctogether with the C-atom, to which R1Cand R2Care connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group con- sisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, XCis O or S, R5cis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substit- uents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, Lcis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, mCis 0 or 1, and If ncis 1, R4Cis F, Cl, -(Lc)mc-X-R5cor -O-N=CR1cR2c, If ncis 2, R4cis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol. In more preferred thermal radical initiators (B) of formula 1C ncis 1, R1cand R2cindependently from each other are C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-12-alkyl, or R1cand R2Ctogether with the C-atom, to which R1Cand R2Care connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-12-alkyl, XCis O, R5cis C1-18-alkyl or C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, Lcis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-12-alkyl, mCis 0 or 1, R4Cis -(Lc)mc-X-R5cor -O-N=CR1cR2c. Particular preferred thermal radical initiators (B) of formulae 1C are

[0018] and . In preferred thermal radical initiators (B) of formula 1D nDis 1 or 2 ZDis S, R7Dis C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C6-14-aryl and C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R2Dis C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R3Dis F, Cl or -O-N=C(ZDR7D)R2D, and If nDis 1, R4Dis F, Cl or -O-N=C(ZDR7D)R2D, If nDis 2, R4Dis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol. In more preferred thermal radical initiators (B) of formula 1D nDis 1, ZDis S, R7Dis C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C6-14-aryl and C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R2Dis C1-18-alkyl, R3Dis -O-N=C(ZDR7D)R2D, and R4Dis -O-N=C(ZDR7D)R2D. A particular preferred thermal radical initiator (B) of formulae 1D is (1D-a) The thermal radical initiator (B) is more preferably of formula wherein R7B, R6B, R2B, R3B, R4Band nBare as outlined above. The thermal radical initiator (B) is even more preferably of formulae wherein nB”is 1 or 2 R6B”is H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R7B”and R2B”together with the N-atom, to which R7B”is connected, and together with the C- atom, to which R2B”is connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered hetero- cyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy R3B”is F, Cl, -(LB”)mB”-XB”-R5B”, NR8B”R9B”or -O-N=C(NR6B”R7B”)R2B”, XB”is O or S, R5Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substit- uents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, LB”is C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, mB”is 0 or 1, R8B”and R9B”are independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14- heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substitut- ed with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8B”and R9B”together with the N-atom, to which R8B”and R9B”are connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and If nB”is 1, R4B”is F, Cl, -(LB”)mB”-XB”-R5B”, NR8B”R9B”or -O-N=C(NR6B”R7B”)R2B”, If nB”is 2, R4B”is a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol, R6B#and R7B#are independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substi- tuted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6B#and R7B#together with the N-atom, to which R6B#and R7B#are connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R2B#is H, NR6B#R7B#, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12- alkoxy. The thermal radical initiator (B) is most preferably of formulae or nB”is 1 or 2 R6B”is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, and R7B”and R2B”together with the N-atom, to which R7B”is connected, and together with the C- atom, to which R2B”is connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered hetero- cyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl and C5-8-cycloalkyl, R3B”is F, Cl, -(LB”)mB”-XB”-R5B”or -O-N=C(NR6B”R7B”)R2B”, XB”is O, R5B”is C1-18-alkyl or C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, LB”is C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, mB”is 0 or 1, If nB”is 1, R4B”is F, Cl, -(LB”)mB”-XB”-R5B”or -O-N=C(NR6B”R7B”)R2B”, If nB”is 2, R4B”is a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol, R6B#and R7B#are independently from each other C1-18-alkyl and C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-12-alkyl, or R6B#and R7B#together with the N-atom, to which R6B#and R7B#are connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-12-alkyl, and R2B#is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl. The thermal radical initiator (B) is even most preferably of formulae wherein nB”is 1 or 2 R6B”is C1-18-alkyl or C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, and R7B”and R2B”together with the N-atom, to which R7B”is connected, and together with the C- atom, to which R2B”is connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered hetero- cyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is of formulae Wherein R11B” is is C1-18-alkyl or C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, R3B”is F, Cl, -(LB”)mB”-XB”-R5B”or -O-N=C(NR6B”R7B”)R2B”, XB”is O, R5B”is C1-18-alkyl or C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, LB” is C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, mB”is 0 or 1, If nB”is 1, R4B”is F, Cl, -(LB”)mB”-XB”-R5B”or -O-N=C(NR6B”R7B”)R2B”, If nB”is 2, R4B”is a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol, R6B#and R7B#are independently from each other C1-18-alkyl and C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-12-alkyl, or R6B#and R7B#together with the N-atom, to which R6B#and R7B#are connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is of formula and R2B#is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl. The thermal radical initiator (B) is in particular of formulae , , or

[0019] (1B-h) The thermal radical initiators (B) can be prepared by methods known in the art.

[0020] Thermal radical initiators (B) of formula

[0021] (D wherein n is 1 , R1and R2are as outlined above, and R3and R4are -O-N=CR1R2can be pre- pared, for example, by reacting an oxime of formula with a triazine derivative of formula wherein Y is halogen, preferably F or Cl.

[0022] Thermal radical initiators (B) of formula

[0023] (D wherein n is 2, R1and R2are as outlined above, and R3is -O-N=CR1R2and R4is difunctional group derived from a diol, can be prepared, for example, by reacting an oxime of formula with a triazine derivative of formula

[0024] (3-1) wherein Y is halogen, preferably F or Cl.

[0025] Thermal radical initiators (B) of formula

[0026] (D wherein n is 1 , R1and R2are as outlined above, and R3is NR8R9and R4is -O-N=CR1R2can be prepared, for example, by reacting an oxime of formula with a triazine derivative of formula wherein Y is halogen, preferably F or Cl, in the presence of NR6R6R7, wherein R6and R7are identical and as outlined above.

[0027] Thermal radical initiators (B) of formula

[0028] (D wherein n is 1 , R1and R2are as outlined above, R3is -(L)m-X-R5, wherein L, m, X and R5are as outlined above, and R4is -O-N=CR1R2can be prepared, for example, by reacting an oxime of formula with a triazine derivative of formula wherein Y is halogen, preferably F or Cl.

[0029] The preparation of thermal radical initiators (B) is also described on page 7, line 35 to page 9, line 2 of WO2014064064.

[0030] The photoinitiator (C) can be any photoinitiator.

[0031] Examples of photoinitiators are acetophenone, benzophenone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone, 2- methylbenzophenone, 3-methylbenzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone, 2-methoxycarbonyl- benzophenone, 4,4’-bis(chloromethyl)benzophenone, 4-chlorobenzophenone, 4-phenylbenzo- phenone, 3,3’-dimethyl-4-methoxy-benzophenone, [4-(4-methylphenylthio)phenyl]-phenyl- methanone, methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate, 3-methyl-4’-phenylbenzophenone, 2,4,6-trimethyl-4’- phenylbenzophenone, 4,4’-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4’-bis(diethyl- amino)benzophenone, alpha amino acetophenones such as (4-methylthiobenzoyl)-1-methyl-1 -morpholinoethane (Om- nirad® 907) of formula

[0032] (2-benzyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1-butanone) (Omnirad® 369) of formu- la

[0033] 2-(4-methylbenzyl)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1-butanone (Omnirad® 379) of formula as well as(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminobenzoyl)-1-benzyl-1 -dimethylaminopropane) and (3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-benzyl-1 -dimethylaminopropane, compounds carrying oxime ester groups,

[0034] [1-[4-[4-(benzofuran-2-carbonyl)phenyl]sulfanylphenyl]-4-methyl-pentylidene]amino] acetate, [4- [6-[(2)-2-acetoxyiminoheptanoyl]-9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole-3-carbonyl]phenyl] acetate, etha- none 1-[9-ethyl-6-(2-methyl-4-(2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3-dioxolanyl)methoxybenzoyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl]- l-(O-acetyloxime), [3-cyclopentyl-1-[9-ethyl-6-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)carbazol-3- yl]propylidene]amino] acetate, / V-acetoxy- / V-{3-[9-ethyl-6-(naphthalene-1-carbonyl)-9H-carbazol- 3-yl]-1-methyl-3-acetoxyimino-propyl}-acetamide, 9H-thioxanthene-2-carboxaldehyde 9-oxo-2- (O-acetyloxime), [[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-oxo-2-(4-phenylsulfanylphenyl)ethylidene]amino] cy- clopropanecarboxylate), [[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-oxo-2-(4- phenylsulfanylphenyl)ethylidene]amino] acetate, [1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-[9-ethyl-6-(thiophene-2- carbonyl)carbazol-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethylidene]amino] acetate, [1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-[9-ethyl-6- (furan-2-carbonyl)carbazol-3-yl]-2-oxo-ethylidene]amino] acetate, [1 -(o-tolyl)-2-oxo-2-(4- phenylsulfanylphenyl)ethylidene]amino] acetate, 1-[1-(4-benzoylphenyl)indole-3- carbonyl]heptylideneamino] acetate, 1-[9-(4-benzoylphenyl)carbazol-3-yl]propylideneamino] acetate, [5-(4-isopropylphenyl)sulfanyl-1-oxo-indan-2-ylidene]amino] acetate, 1-(9,9-dibutyl-7- nitro-fluoren-2-yl)ethylideneamino] acetate, [2-(9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)-1-methyl-2-oxo- ethylidene]amino] acetate, [(7-nitro-9,9-dipropyl-fluoren-2-yl)-(o-tolyl)methylene]amino] acetate, [2-(9,9-dibutylfluoren-2-yl)-1-(o-tolyl)-2-oxo-ethylidene]amino] acetate, peresters such as benzophenone tetracarboxylic peresters, for example as described in

[0035] EP126541, monoacyl phosphine oxides such as (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (Omni- rad® TPO), ethyl (2,4,6 trimethylbenzoyl phenyl) phosphinic acid ester, bisacylphosphine oxides such as bis(2,6-dimethoxy-benzoyl)-(2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl)phosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide (Omnirad® 819), bis(2,4,6- trimethylbenzoyl)-2,4-dipentoxyphenylphosphine oxide, trisacylphosphine oxides, bis(2,4,6- trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide (Omnirad® 819) of formula halomethyltriazines such as 2-[2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-4,6-bis-trichloromethyl-

[0036] [1 , 3,5]triazine, 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,6-bis-trichloromethyl-[1 , 3, 5]triazine, 2-(3,4-dimethoxy- phenyl)-4,6-bis-trichloromethyl-[1 ,3,5]triazine, 2-methyl-4,6-bis-trichloromethyl-[1 ,3,5]triazine, hexaarylbisimidazole I coinitiators system such as ortho-chlorohexaphenyl-bisimidazole com- bined with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, ferrocenium compounds, borate compounds or titano- cenes such as bis(cyclopentadienyl)-bis(2,6-difluoro-3-pyrryl-phenyl)titanium (Omnirad®784), a-hydroxycycloalkyl phenyl ketones such as 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone (Omni- rad®184), a-hydroxyalkyl phenyl ketones such as 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propanone (Omnirad®1173), 1-(4-dodecylbenzoyl)-1 -hydroxy-1 -methyl-ethane, 1-(4-isopropylbenzoyl)-1- hydroxy-1-methyl-ethane, 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1 -propan-1 -one (Omnirad®2959), 2-hydroxy-1-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)-benzyl]-phenyl}-2-methyl- propan-1-one (Omnirad®127) of formula 2-hydroxy-1-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-2-methyl-propan-1-one, dialkoxyacetophenones such as 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (benzil dimethyl ketal) (Omnirad® 651), oligomeric alpha hydroxyl ketones such as 2-hydroxy-1-{1-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)- phenyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-indan-5-yl}-2-methyl-propan-1-one, and oligomeric alpha amino ketones,

[0037] 1 -[4-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]sulfanylphenyl]-2-methyl-2-morpholino-propan-1 -one, 4-aroyl- 1 ,3-dioxolanes, benzoin alkyl ethers, phenylglyoxalic acid esters and derivatives thereof such methyl a-oxo benzeneacetate, oxo- phenylacetic acid 2-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-ethyl ester, dimeric phenylglyoxalic esters such as oxo- phenylacetic acid 1-methyl-2-[2-(2-oxo-2-phenyl-acetoxy)-propoxy]-ethyl ester (Omnirad® 754), ketosulfones, camphorquinone, thioxanthones, thioxanthone derivatives and polymeric thioxanthones.

[0038] Preferred photoinitiators (C) are compounds carrying at least one oxime ester group.

[0039] Photoinititaors carrying oxime ester groups are known in the art and are, for example, described in US6596445B1, W02002100903, WO2012045736, US20150111152, WO200762963, W02007071497, W02005080337, JP2019519518, US20210198193, WO2018196619, W02019120081 , CN110806676, CN109957349, CN109134710, W02019088055, JP2010- 049238, W02008078678, JP2010015025 and JP2010049238.

[0040] Specific examples of photoinitiators carrying at least one oxime ester group are

[0041]

[0042] . More preferred photoinitiators (C) are compounds carrying (i)at least one oxime ester group of formula wherein R20is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl wherein said C1-18-alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsatu- rated ring, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsustituted or subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein R40, R41and R42are selected from the group consisting of H, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl and C2-14-heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halo- gen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12- alkyl can be subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein R21is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl wherein said C1-18-alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsatu- rated ring, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsubstituted or subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein R40, R41and R42are selected from the group consisting of H, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl and C2-14-heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halo- gen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12- alkyl can be subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, (ii) at least one group selected from the group consisting of wherein R23is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl wherein said C1-18-alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsatu- rated ring, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsubstituted or subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein R40, R41and R42are selected from the group consisting of H, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl and C2-14-heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halo- gen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12- alkyl can be subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, R24and R25are independently H, C1-18-alkyl, C2-18-alkenyl, C2-18-alkinyl or C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C1-18-alkyl, C2-18-alkenyl, C2-18-alkinyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, 5 to 8 membered het- erocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsubstituted or subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein R40, R41and R42are selected from the group consisting of H, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, and (iii) at least one keto-type C=O group or one -NO2group. Even more preferred photoinitiators (C) are compounds carrying (i) at least one oxime ester group of formula wherein R20is C1-18-alkyl or C6-14-aryl, wherein said C1-18-alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsustituted or subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein said C6-14-aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl can be subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein R21is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl or C6-14-aryl, wherein said C1-18-alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsubstituted or subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl and C6-14-aryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12- alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl can be subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, (ii) at least one group selected from the group consisting of , wherein R23is C1-18-alkyl or C6-14-aryl, wherein said C1-18-alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsubstituted or subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein said C6-14-aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl can be subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, R24and R25are independently H, C1-18-alkyl and C2-18-alkenyl, wherein said C1-18-alkyl and C2-18-alkenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substi- tutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12- alkyl, wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsubstituted or subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, and (iii) at least one keto-type C=O group or one -NO2group. Most preferred photoinitiaros (C) are compounds of formulae

[0043] wherein R20is C1-18-alkyl or C6-14-aryl, wherein said C1-18-alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C5-8-cycloalkyl, wherein said C6-14-aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein said C1-12-alkyl, and C1-12- alkoxy is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, R21is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl or C6-14-aryl, R23is C1-18-alkyl, R24and R25are independently C1-18-alkyl or C2-18-alkenyl, R26is C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl or wherein C6-14-aryl and C2-14-heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substi- tutents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and O-C(=O)-R43, wherein R43is C1-12-alkyl. The photoinitiator (C) is in particular a compound of formulae , ,

[0044] or . The preparation of the oxime esters photoinitiators is known in the art and is, for example, de- scribed in US6596445B1, WO2002100903, WO2012045736, US20150111152, WO200762963, WO2007071497, WO2005080337, JP2019519518, US20210198193, WO2018196619, WO2019120081, CN110806676, CN109957349, CN109134710, WO2019088055, JP2010- 049238, WO2008078678, JP2010015025 and JP2010049238. The photoinitiator C4 can be prepared according to the process described in example 1 of US6596445B1 using 1-(4-phenylsulfanyl-phenyl)-1-octanone in the first step and benzoyl chlo- ride in the second step. Photoinitiator C5 can be prepared according to the process described in example 1 of WO02100903 using ortho-toluoylchloride and octanoylchloride in the first step and benzoyl chloride in the first step. Photoinitiator C6 can be prepared according to the process described in example 18 of WO2012045736 using 4-(2,2-difluoro-3,3-difluoro-propyl)-benzoyl chloride. C22 can be repared as outlined in example 2 of US20150111152. The composition of the present invention preferably also comprises at least one oligomer or polymer (D), which is soluble in alkaline solution. Alkaline solution is a solution of a base in water. The alkaline solution has preferably a pH in the range from 9 to 12, more preferably in the range of 10 to 12. Oligomer and polymer (D) have preferably an average weight molecular weight of at least 800 g / mol, more preferably at least 1000 g / mol, and most preferably at least 1500 g / mol. The maxi- mum average wight molecular weight is 2000000 g / mol, more preferably 1000000 g / mol. The average weight molecular weight of oligomer and polymer (D) can be determined using gel permeation chromatography calibrated to a polystyrene standard. Oligomer and polymer (D) usually carry acidic groups that render them soluble in alkaline solu- tion such as COOH, SO3H, aromatic hydroxyl groups and anhydride groups. Oligomer and polymer (D) can optionally also carry ethylenically unsaturated groups. Examples of oligomer and polymer (D) are oligomers and polymers obtainable by polymeriza- tion of at least one ethylenically unsaturated anhydride and another ethylenically unsaturated monomer (Y) carrying no COOH groups. Examples of oligomer and polymer (D) carrying COOH groups are oligomer and polymer (D1) carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group and oligomer and polymer (D2) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups. Examples of oligomer and polymer (D) carrying aromatic hydroxyl groups groups are oligomer and polymer (D3) carrying aromatic hydroxyl groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group and no COOH group, and oligomer or polymer (D4) carrying aromatic hydroxyl groups and ethyleni- cally unsaturated groups and no COOH group. Oligomer and polymer (D1) carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group can be any oligomer and polymer carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group. Oligomer and polymer (D1) carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group can carry other groups such as SO3H and aromatic hydroxyl groups. These oligomers and polymers can, for example, be obtained by polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated mon- omer (X) carrying at least one COOH group with at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- mer (Y) not carrying a COOH group. Examples of ethylenically unsaturated monomers (X) carrying at least one COOH group are (meth)acrylic acid, COOH-group carrying esters of (meth)acrylic acid 2-carboxyethyl (meth)acrylic acid and 2-carboxypropyl (meth)acrylic acid, alpha, beta unsaturated C4-10 carbox- ylic acids other than (meth)acrylic acid such as crotonic acid and cinnamic acid, alpha, beta unsaturated C4-io-dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid and 2-methyleneglutaric acid, half esters of alpha, beta unsaturated C4-10 carboxylic acids such as maleic acid monomethylester, maleic acid monoethylester, maleic acid monobutylester, mono[2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl] maleate, mono[2-(meth)acryloyloxypropyl] ma- leate and mono[2-(meth)acryloyloxybutyl] maleate, (meth)acryoyl group carrying half esters of dicarboxylic acids other than alpha, beta unsaturated C4-10 carboxylic acids such as mono[2- (meth)acryloyloxyethyl] succinate, mono[2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl] adipate, mono[2- (meth)acryloyloxyethyl] phthalate, mono[2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl] hexahydrophthalate, mono[2- (meth)acryloyloxypropyl] succinate, mono[2-(meth)acryloyloxypropyl] adipate, mono[2- (meth)acryloyloxypropyl] phthalate, mono[2-(meth)acryloyloxypropyl] hexahydrophthalate, mono[2-(meth)acryloyloxybutyl] succinate, mono[2-(meth)acryloyloxybutyl] adipate, mono[2- (meth)acryloyloxybutyl] phthalate and mono[2-(meth)acryloyloxybutyl] hexahydrophthalate, 3- (alkylcarbamoyl)acrylic acids such as 3-(ethylcarbamoyl) acrylic acid, 3-(benzylcarbamoyl)2- methyl acrylic acid, a-chloroacrylic acid, o-carboxypolycaprolactone mono(meth)acrylate and unsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic acid and oleic acid.

[0045] Examples of ethylenically unsaturated monomers (X) carrying at least one COOH group are also bicyclic compounds such as 5-carboxybicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5,6- dicarboxybicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-carboxy-5-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-carboxy-6- ethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-carboxy-6-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and 5-carboxy-6- ethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene. Examples of ethylenically unsaturated monomers (X) carrying at least one anhydride group are cyclic bicompounds such as 5,6-dicarboxybicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2- ene anhydride.

[0046] Examples of ethylenically unsaturated monomers (Y) not carrying at least one COOH group are: esters of (meth)acrylic acid such methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, hydrox- yethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, hydroxy- butyl (meth)acrylate, glycerol mono(meth)acrylate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, allyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl (meth)acrylate, 4-methoxyphenyl (meth)acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, methoxydiethy- leneglycol (meth)acrylate, methoxytriethyleneglycol (meth)acrylate, 3-methoxypropyl (meth)acrylate, methoxydipropyleneglycol (meth)acrylate, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid tri(methylsilyl)silyl ester, isobornyl meth(acrylate), dicyclopen- tadienyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl (meth)acrylate, tricyclo[5.2.1.02’6]decan-8-yl (meth)acrylate, aminoethyl (meth)acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, aminopro- pyl (meth)acrylate, N,N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, 2- methylglycidyl (meth)acrylate, 3,4-epoxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 6,7-epoxyheptyl (meth)acrylate, and 1 -alkylcycloalkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid such as 1 -methylcyclopropyl (meth)acrylate, 1- methylcyclobutyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -methylcyclopentyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -methylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 1 -methylcycloheptyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -methylcyclooctyl (meth)acrylate, 1- methylcyclononyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -ethylcyclodecyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -ethylcyclopropyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -ethylcyclobutyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -ethylcyclopentyl (meth)acrylate, 1- ethylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -ethylcycloheptyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -ethylcyclooctyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -ethylcyclononyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -ethylcyclodecyl (meth)acrylate, 1- isopropylcyclopropyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isopropylcyclopentyl (meth)acrylate, 1- isopropylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isopropylcycloheptyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isopropylcyclooctyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isopropylcyclononyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isopropylcyclodecyl (meth)acrylate, 1- isobutylcyclopropyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isobutylcyclobutyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isobutylcyclopentyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isobutylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isobutylcyclooctyl (meth)acrylate, 1- isobutylcyclononyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isobutylcyclodecyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isopentylcyclopropyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isopentylcyclopentyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isopentylcyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 1- isopentylcycloheptanyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isopentylcyclooctyl (meth)acrylate, 1- isopentylcyclononyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isopentylcyclodecyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isooctylcyclopropyl (meth) acrylate, 1 -isooctylcyclobutyl (meth)acrylate,1 -isooctylcycloheptyl (meth)acrylate, 1- isooctylcyclooctyl (meth)acrylate, 1 -isooctylcyclononyl (meth)acrylate and 1 -isooctylcyclodecyl (meth)acrylate, allyl (meth)acrylate, amides of (meth)acrylic acid such as (meth)acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, N- methylolacrylamide, N-butoxy(meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-diethyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dibutyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-diethylhexyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N- dicyclohexyl (meth)acrylamide, N,N-diphenyl (meth)acrylamide, N-methyl-N-phenyl (meth)acrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl-N-methyl (meth)acrylamide, N-methyl (meth)acrylamide, N- ethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-propyl (meth)acrylamide, N-butyl (meth)acrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-heptyl (meth)acrylamide, N-octyl (meth)acrylamide, N-ethyhexyl (meth)acrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylamidecyclohexyl, N-benzyl (meth)acrylamide, N- phenyl (meth)acrylamide, N-tolyl (meth)acrylamide, N-hydroxyphenyl (meth)acrylamide, N- naphthyl (meth)acrylamide, N-phenylsulfonyl (meth)acrylamide, N-methylphenylsulfonyl (meth)acrylamide and N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine, oxetanes carrying a methacryloyloxyalkyl group such as 3-(methacryloyloxymethyl)oxetane, 3- (methacryloyloxymethyl)-3-ethyloxetane, 3-(methacryloyloxymethyl)-2-methyloxetane, 3- (methacryloyloxymethyl)-2-trifluoromethyloxetane, 3-(methacryloyloxynethyl)-2- pentafluoroethyloxetane, 3-(methacryloyloxymethyl)-2-phenyloxetane, 3- (methacryloyloxymethyl)-2,2-difluorooxetane, 3-(methacryloyloxymethyl)-2,2,4-trifluorooxetane, 3-(methacryloyloxymethyl)-2,2,4,4-tetrafluorooxetane, 3-(methacryloyloxyethyl)oxetane, 3- (methacryloyloxyethyl)-3-ethyloxetane, 2-ethyl-3-(methacryloyloxyethyl)oxetane, 3- (methacryloyloxyethyl)-2-trifluoromethyloxetane, 3-(methacryloyloxyethyl)-2- pentafluoroethyloxetane, 3-(methacryloyloxyethyl)-2-phenyloxetane, 2,2-difluoro-3- (methacryloyloxyethyl)oxetane, 3-(methacryloyloxyethyl)-2,2,4-trifluorooxetane and 3- (methacryloyloxyethyl)-2,2,4,4-tetrafluorooxetane, vinyl aromatic compounds such as styrene, hydroxystyrene, a-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, p- chlorostyrene, polychlorostyrene, fluorostyrene, bromostyrene, ethoxymethyl styrene, meth- oxystyrene, 4-methoxy-3-methystyrene, 1 ,3-dimethoxystyrene, vinylbenzyl methyl ether, vi- nylbenzyl glycidyl ether, 1-ethenyl-4-silyl-benzene, 1-ethenyl-4-trimethylsilyl-benzene, tert- buthyl dimethylsilyl p-vinyl phenyl ester, indene and 1 -methylindene, vinyl esters and allyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butylate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl trimethylacetate, vinyl diethylacetate, vinyl borate, vinyl caproate, vinyl chloroacetate, vinyl di chloroacetate, vinyl methoxyacetate, vinyl butoxy acetate, vinyl phe- nylacetate, vinyl acetate, vinyl acetoacetate, vinyl lactate, vinyl phenylbutylate, vinyl cyclohexyl- carboxylate, vinyl salicylate, vinyl chlorobenzoate, vinyl tetrachlorobenzoate and vinyl naphtho- ate, allyl acetate, allyl propionate, allyl butylate, allyl pivalate, allyl benzoate, allyl caproate, allyl stearate, allyl acetoacetate and allyl lactate, vinyl and allyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl hexyl ether, vinyl octyl ether, vinyl ethylhexyl ether, vinyl methoxyethyl ether, vinyl ethoxyethyl ether, vinyl chloroethyl ether, vinyl hydroxyethyl ether, vinyl ethylbutyl ether, vinyl hydroxyethoxyethyl ether, vinyl dime- thylaminoethyl ether, vinyl diethylaminoethyl ether, vinyl butylaminoethyl ether, [(eth- enyloxy)methyl]triethylsilane, vinyl benzyl ether, vinyl tetrahydrofurfuryl ether, vinyl phenyl ether, vinyl tolyl ether, vinyl chlorophenyl ether, vinyl chloroethyl ether, vinyl dichlorophenyl ether, vinyl naphthyl ether, vinyl anthryl ether and allyl glycidyl ether, vinyl compounds that are no vinyl esters or ethers such as vinyl triethoxysilane and vinylpyrroli- done, ethylenically unsaturated anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, endo-methylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl- endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, chlorendic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthaic anhydride and 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuryl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1 ,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, esters of alpha, beta unsaturated C4-10 carboxylic acids other than (meth)acrylic acid such as butyl crotonate, hexyl crotonate and glycerine monocrotonate, esters of alpha, beta unsaturated C4-io-dicarboxylic acids such as dimethyl itaconate, diethyl itaconate, dibutyl itaconate, dimethyl maleate and dibutyl fumarate, maleimide and substituted maleimides such as N-phenylmaleimide, N-(methylphenyl)maleimide, N-methoxyphenylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide and N-alkylmaleimide such as N-ethyl ma- leimide, isopropenyl ketones such as allyl isopropenyl ketone, proprenyl isopropenyl ketone and ethyl ispropenyl ketone, olefines such as ethylene, propylene, 1 -butene, 3-methyl-1 -butene, 4-methyl-1 -pentene, 3- methyl-1 -pentene, 1-heptene, 1-hexene, 1-decene and 1-dodecene, non-conjugated diene-type compounds such as dicyclopentadiene and 1 ,5-hexadiene, conjugated diene-type compounds such as butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene, polymethyl (meth)acrylate macromonomer, polystyrene macromonomer and norbornene and substituted norbornene compounds such as ethylidene norbornene, 2,3- bis(trimethylsilyloxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(triethylsilyloxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3- bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(trimethylgermyloxycarbonyl)-5- norbornene, 2,3-bis(triethylgermyloxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(tert- butyldimethylgermyloxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(benzyloxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(tetrahydrofurane-2-yloxycarbonyl)-5- norbornene, 2,3-bis(cyclopentyloxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(cyclohexyloxycarbonyl)-5- norbornene, 2,3-bis(cycloheptyloxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(1-methoxyethoxycarbonyl)- 5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(1-t-butoxyethoxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(1 - benzyloxyethoxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis[(cyclohexyl)(ethoxy)methoxycarbonyl]-5- norbornene, 2,3-bis(1-methyl-1-methoxyethoxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene, 2,3-bis(1-methyl-1- isobutoxyethoxycarbonyl)-5-norbornene and 2,3-bis[(benzyl)(ethoxy)methoxycarbonyl]-5- norbornene.

[0047] Preferred oligomers and polymers (D1) carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group are (meth)acrylic polymers carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group obtainable by polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid and at least one ester of (meth)acrylate and optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers not carrying a COOH group.

[0048] Examples of (meth)acrylic polymers carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group obtainable by polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid and at least one ester of (meth)acrylate and optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers not carrying a COOH group, are copolymers are copolymers of methyl (meth)acrylate and (meth)acrylic acid, copolymers of ben- zyl (meth)acrylate and (meth)acrylic acid, copolymers of methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate and (meth)acrylic acid, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and styrene, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and glycidyl (meth)acrylate, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and 3-(meth)acryl- oyloxymethyl)oxetane, copolymers of methyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and styrene, copolymers of methyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyl (meth)acrylate, copolymers of methyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, and polymethyl (meth)acrylate macromonomer, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and polymethyl (meth)acrylate macromonomer, copolymers of tetrahydro- furfuryl (meth)acrylate, styrene and (meth)acrylic acid, copolymers of methyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and polystyrene macromonomer, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and polystyrene macromonomer, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate and polystyrene macromonomer, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and polystyrene macromonomer, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate / (meth)acrylic acid, 2-hydroxy-3- phenoxypropyl (meth)acrylate and polymethyl (meth)acrylate macromonomer, copolymers of methyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate and polystyrene mac- romonomer, copolymers of benzyl (metha)crylate, (meth)acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate and polymethyl (meth)acrylate macromonomer, copolymers of N- phenylmaleimide, benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid and styrene, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, N-phenylmaleimide, mono-[2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl] succin- ate and styrene, copolymers of allyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, N-phenylmaleimide, mono-[2-(meth)acryloyloxyethyl] succinate and styrene, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, N-phenylmaleimide, glycerol mono(meth)acrylate and styrene, copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, o-carboxypolycaprolactone mono(meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, N- phenylmaleimide, glycerol mono(meth)acrylate and styrene, and copolymers of benzyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, N-cyclohexylmaleimide and styrene.

[0049] More preferred oligomers and polymers (D1) carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically un- saturated group are acrylic polymers carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group, obtainable by polymerization of acrylic acid and at least one ester of acrylate and option- ally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers not carrying a COOH group.

[0050] Examples of acrylic polymers carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group, obtainable by polymerization of acrylic acid and at least one ester of acrylate and optionally oth- er ethylenically unsaturated monomers not carrying a COOH group are copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid and styrene, copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid and benzyl acrylate, copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate and benzyl acrylate, copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid, benzyl acrylate and sty- rene, copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid, benzyl acrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid, benzyl acrylate, styrene and 2- hydroxyethyl acrylate, copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid, styrene and a- methylstyrene, copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid, N-phenylmaleimide, sty- rene and benzyl acrylate, and copolymers obtained by polymerization of tetrahydrofurfuryl acry- late, styrene and acrylic acid. Oligomer and polymer (D2) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups can be any compound, oligomer and polymer (D) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups. These compounds, oligomer and polymer can carry other groups such as SO3H and aromatic hydroxyl groups.

[0051] Oligomer and polymer (D2) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups can, for example, be obtained by reacting an oligomer or polymer (E) carrying epoxide groups with at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound (Z) carrying one COOH group, followed by reac- tion with at least one anhydride.

[0052] Preferred oligomers and polymers (E) carrying epoxide groups are reaction products of novolak resins with epichlorohydrine. The reaction can result in full or partial conversion of the aromatic hydroxyl groups of the novolak resin. Examples of novolak resins are resins obtained from phe- nol and formaldehyde and resins obtained from cresol and formaldehyde.

[0053] Preferred ethylenically unsaturated compounds (Z) carrying one COOH group are acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.

[0054] Anhydrides are usually derived from a compound carrying at least two COOH groups. Preferred anhydrides are ethylenically unsaturated anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, itaconic anhy- dride, citraconic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, endo-methylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl-endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, chlorendic anhydride, methyl- tetrahydrophthaic anhydride and 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuryl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1 ,2- dicarboxylic anhydride, aromatic anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and saturated anhydride such as succinic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexahydrphthali anhydride.

[0055] Examples of oligomer and polymer (D2) so-obtained are the reaction poducts obtained by first reacting the reaction product of novolak resin and epichlorohydrine with acrylic acid, followed by reaction with maleic anhydride.

[0056] Oligomer and polymer (D2) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups can, for example, also be obtained by reaction of part of the COOH groups of an oligomer and poly- mer (D1) carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsatuated groups with ethylenically un- saturated monomer (V) carrying one epoxide group. The oligomer and polymer (D1) carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group are described above.

[0057] Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (V) carrying one epoxide group are the monomers of formula V-1 to V-15 wherein R50 is hydrogen or methyl group, M3 is substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. An example of a compound of formula V-1 is glycidyl (meth)acrylate.

[0058] Preferred oligomer and polymer (D2) so-obtained are products obtained by the reaction of co- polymers of styrene and acrylic acid with 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl acrylate, products obtained by the reaction of copolymers of styrene, a-methylstyrene and acrylic acid with 3,4- epoxycyclohexylmethyl acrylate, products obtained by the reaction of copolymers of methyl acrylate and acrylic acid with 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl acrylate, products obtained by the re- action of copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid and benzyl acrylate with glycidyl acrylate, products obtained by the reaction of copolymers obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate and benzyl acrylate with glycidyl acrylate.

[0059] The following formulae are examples of polymer (D2) so-obtained

[0060] wherein R is benzyl or methyl.

[0061] Oligomer and polymer (D2) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups can, for example, also be obtained by reaction of part or all of the COOH groups of an oligomer and polymer (D1) carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group with at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer (V) carrying one epoxide group, followed by reaction with at least one anhydride.

[0062] The oligomer and polymer (D1) carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group is described above. The ethylenically unsaturated monomer (V) carrying one epoxide group is also described above. Anhydrides are also described above.

[0063] Examples of oligomers and polymer (D2) so-obtained are reaction products obtained by first reacting a copolymer of acrylic acid and benzyl acrylate with glycidyl acrylate, followed by reac- tion with tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, reaction products obtained by first reacting a copolymer of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate with glycidyl acrylate, followed by reaction with tetrahydroph- thalic anhydride, reaction products obtained by first reacting a copolymer of acrylic acid, benzyl acrylate and methyl acrylate with glycidyl acrylate, followed by reaction with tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, reaction products obtained by first reacting a copolymer of acrylic acid, benzyl acry- late, methyl acrylate and styrene with glycidyl acrylate, followed by reaction with tetrahydroph- thalic anhydride.

[0064] The following formula is an example of a polymer (D2) so-obtained

[0065]

[0066] Oligomer and polymer (D2) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups can, for example, also be obtained by reaction of part of the COOH groups of an oligomer and poly- mer (D1) carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group with an ethylenically unsaturated compound (F) carrying one hydroxyl group. The oligomer and polymer (D1) carry- ing COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group are described above. An example of ethylenically unsaturated monomer (F) carrying at least one hydroxyl group is 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate.

[0067] Oligomer and polymer (D2) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups can, for example, also be obtained by reaction of oligomers and polymers (G) obtained by polymeri- zation of at least one ethylenically unsaturated anhydride and another ethylenically unsaturated monomer (Y) carrying no COOH groups, with at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound (F) carrying one hydroxy group. Examples of ethylenically unsaturated anhydride are given above. Ethylenically unsaturated monomer (Y) carrying no COOH groups are described above.

[0068] Oligomer and polymer (D2) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups can, for example, also be polyestes obtained by reaction of at least one ethylenically unsaturated diol (H) with at least one compound (I) carrying at least three COOH groups. Examples of ethyleni- cally unsaturated diol (H) are reaction product of Ci-so-diols with glycidyl (meth)acrylate. Exam- ples of compound (I) carrying at least three COOH groups are di(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ketone.

[0069] Oligomer and polymer (D2) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups can, for example, also be polyesters obtained by reaction of at least one ethylenically unsaturated diol (H) with at least one compound (I) carrying at least three COOH groups, followed by reac- tion with an anhydride.

[0070] The following formula is an example of a polymer (D2) so-obtained

[0071]

[0072] Oligomer and polymer (D2) carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups can also be polyimides carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups.

[0073] Examples of oligomer and polymer (D3) carrying aromatic hydroxyl groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group and and no COOH group are novolac resins, poly(4-hydroxystyrene), as wells as oligomers and polymers obtainable by polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer carrying a hydroxyl aryl group and no COOH group with other ethylenically unsaturat- ed monomers (Y) not carrying a COOH group. An example of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer carrying a hydroxyl aryl group and no COOH group is 4-hydroxystyrene. Examples of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers (Y) not carrying a COOH group are given above.

[0074] Preferred oligomer or polymer (D) are oligomer or polymer, which are soluble in alkaline solu- tion.

[0075] More preferred oligomer and polymer (D) are oligomers or polymers, which are soluble in alka- line solution, and which oligomers or polymers carry COOH groups.

[0076] Even more preferred oligomer and polymer (D) are oligomers or polymers, which are soluble in alkaline solution, which oligomers or polymers carry COOH groups, and which oligomers or pol- ymers have an acid number in the range of 50 to 600 mg KOH / g.

[0077] Most preferred oligomer and polymer (D) are oligomers or polymers, which are soluble in alka- line solution, which oligomers or polymers carry COOH groups, and which oligomers or poly- mers have an acid number in the range of 100 to 300 mg KOH / g.

[0078] The acid number can be determined by DIN EN 12634.

[0079] In particular preferred oligomer and polymer (D) are oligomers or polymers, which are soluble in alkaline solution, which oligomers or polymers carry COOH groups, and which oligomers or pol- ymers have an acid number in the range of 100 to 300 mg KOH / g and which are either (i) (meth)acrylic polymers carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group obtainable by polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid and at least one ester of (meth)acrylic acid and optionally other ethylenically unsaturated monomers not carrying a COOH group,

[0080] (ii) (meth)acrylic polymers carrying COOH groups and ethylenically unsaturated groups obtainable by treatment of (meth)acrylic polymers carrying COOH groups and no ethylenically unsaturated group, obtainable by polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid and at least one ester of (meth)acrylic acid and optionally other ethylenically un- saturated monomers not carrying a COOH group, with an ethylenically unsatuated compound carrying one epoxide group, optionally followed by treatment with an anhydride,

[0081] (iii) or mixtures thereof.

[0082] The composition can also comprise a solvent.

[0083] The term “solvent” comprises “single solvent” and “mixtures of solvents”.

[0084] Examples of solvents are ketones, lactams, ethers and esters and mixtures thereof.

[0085] Examples of ketones are methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl methyl ketone, 2-heptanone, 2- pentanone, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone.

[0086] An example of a lactam is N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0087] Examples of ethers are dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, eth- ylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dipropyl ether, propyl- ene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol di- ethyl ether, propylene glycol dipropyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene gly- col monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether.

[0088] Examples of esters are ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether ace- tate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, 2-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, 4- methoxybutyl acetate, 2-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, 3- ethyl-3-methoxybutyl acetate, 2-ethoxybutyl acetate, 4-ethoxybutyl acetate, 4-propoxybutyl ace- tate, 2-methoxypentyl acetate, 3-methoxypentyl acetate, 4-methoxypentyl acetate, 2-methyl-3- methoxypentyl acetate, 3-methyl-3-methoxypentyl acetate, 3-methyl-4-methoxypentyl acetate, 4-methyl-4-methoxypentyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propi- onate, butyl propionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, and ethyl lac- tate.

[0089] Preferred solvents are esters and mixtures of esters with ketones, lactams and ethers.

[0090] The composition can also comprise a least one additive.

[0091] Examples of additives are colorants, dispersing agents, polymeric synergists, surfactants, tex- ture improving agents, adhesion improving agents, photosensitizers, accelerators, additional thermal rqadical initiators, inhibitors and crosslinking agents.

[0092] The composition can also comprise at least one colorant.

[0093] The colorant can be any pigment or dye.

[0094] The term “pigment” includes “single pigments” as well as “pigment mixtures”.

[0095] Examples of pigments are red, gree, blue, black, yellow, magenta and cyan pigments.

[0096] Preferred red pigments are anthraquinone type pigments such as C. I. Pigment Red 177 and diketopyrolopyrole type pigments such as C. I. Pigment Red 254, mixtures of red anthra- quinone type pigments such as C. I. Pigment Red 177 and red diketopyrolopyrole type pigments such as C. I. Pigment Red 254, as well as mixtures consisting of at least one red pigment se- lected from the group consisting of red anthraquinone type pigment C. I. Pigment Red 177 and red diketopyrolopyrole type pigment such as C. I. Pigment Red 254 and at leat one bisazo type yellow pigment such C. I. Pigment Yellow 83 or at least one isoindoline type yellow pig- ment such as C. I. Pigment Yellow 139.

[0097] “C.l. is the abbreviation for “Colour Index”.

[0098] Further examples of red pigments are C.l. Pigment Red 9, 97, 105, 122, 123, 144, 149, 168, 176, 179, 180, 185, 202, 206, 207, 209, 214, 222, 224, 244, 255, 264, 272 and C.l. Pigment Yellow 12, 13, 14, 17, 20, 24, 31 , 53, 55, 83, 93, 95, 109, 110, 117, 128, 129, 138, 139, 150, 153, 154, 155, 166, 168, 180, 185, 199, 213 and C.l. Pigment Orange 38, 43, 64, 71, 72 and 73.

[0099] Preferred green pigments are halogenated phthalocyanine type pigments such C. I. Pigment Green 7, C. I. Pigment Green 36 and C.l. Pigment 58, as well as mixtures of at least one green pigment selected from the group consisting of C. I. Pigment Green 7, C. I. Pigment Green 36, C.l. Pigment Green 58, C.l. Pigment Green 59, C.l. Pigment Green 62 and C.l. Pigment Green 63, with at least one bisazo type yellow pigment such as C. I. Pigment Yellow 83, at least one quinophthalone type yellow pigment such as Pigment Yellow 138, at least one isoindoline type yellow pigment such as C. I. Pigment Yellow 139 or awith at least one metal complex type yel- low pigment such as C. I. Pigment Yellow 150.

[0100] Further examples of green pigments are C.l. Pigment Green 15, 25 and 37.

[0101] Preferred blue pigments are blue phthalocyanine type pigments such as C. I. Pigment Blue 15:6, and mixtures of at least one blue phthalocyanine type pigments such as C. I. Pigment Blue 15:6 with a dioxazine type violet pigmenst such as C. I. Pigment Violet 23.

[0102] Further examples of blue pigments are C. I. Pigment Blue 15, 15:1 , 15:2, 15:3, 15:4, 16, 22, 28, 60, 64 and 66., and C. I. Pigment Violet 1 , 1 :1 , 2, 2:2, 3, 3:1 , 5, 5:1 , 14,15, 16, 19, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 , 32, 37, 39, 42, 44, 47, 49, 50 and 177.

[0103] Examples of black pigments are carbon black, titanium black, iron oxide, lactone-type black pigment, lactame-type black pigment, black perylene-based pigments, C. I. Pigment Black 1 , 6, 7, 12, 20, 31 and 32, C. I. Mordant black 7 and C. I. Reactive black 5, and mixtures thereof.

[0104] The preferred black pigment is carbon black.

[0105] Examples of yellow pigments are bisazo type yellow pigment such C. I. Pigment Yellow 83, iso- indoline type yellow pigment such as C. I. Pigment Yellow 139, quinophthalone type yellow pigment such as Pigment Yellow 138 and metal complex type yellow pigments such as C. I. Pigment Yellow 150.

[0106] Examples of magenta pigments are C. I. Pigment Red 122, 144, 146, 169, 177, C. I. Pigment Violet 19 and 23.

[0107] Examples of cyan pigments are aluminum phthalocyanine pigments, titanium phthalocyanine pigments, cobalt phthalocyanine pigments, and tin phthalocyanine pigments.

[0108] When the composition is a color filter composition, the pigment usually has a mean particle size of below 400 nm, preferably below 100 nm. The mean particle size is usually determined using transmission electron microscopy.

[0109] Examples of dyes are red, green, blue, black, yellow, magenta and cyan dyes. Examples of red dyes are C. I. Solvent Red 25, 27, 30, 35, 36, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 72, 73, 83, 89, 100, 109, 122, 138, 140, 141, 149, 150, 160, 179, 218, 230, 237, 246, C. I. Di- rect Red 20, 28, 37, 39, 44, 83 and C. I. Acid Red 6, 8, 9, 13, 14, 18, 26, 27, 37, 51 , 52, 87, 88,

[0110] 89, 92, 94, 97, 111 , 114, 115, 134, 145, 151, 154, 180, 183, 184, 186, 198, 289, 388, C. I. Re- active Red 17, 120, C. I. Basic Red 1 , 8, 12, 13, 18, C. I. Mordant Red 7, C. I. Disperse Red 5,

[0111] 7, 13, 17, 58 and 60, and mixtures of red dyes with yellow and / or orange dyes.

[0112] Examples of green dyes are C. I. Acid Green 3, 9, 16, 25, C. I. Direct Green 28, 59, C. I. Basic Green 1 and 4.

[0113] Examples of blue dyes are methane type dyes, anthraquinone type dyes, azo type dyes, metal complex azo type dyes, triaryl methane type dyes and phthalocyanine type dyes.

[0114] Examples of blue dyes are C. I. Solvent Blue 11, 25, 37, 45,49, 68, 78, 94, C. I. Direct Blue 25, 86, 90, 108, C. I. Acid Blue 1, 3, 7, 9, 15, 29, 83, 90, 103, 104, 158, 161, 249, C. I. Basic Blue 1 , 3, 5, 7, 9, 24, 25, 26, 41, 105, C. I. Reactive blue 19, 49, and C. I. Disperse Blue 56, 60, 165, 198, C. I. Vat Blue 4, 5, and C. I. Mordant Blue 1.

[0115] Examples of yellow dyes are C. I. Solvent Yellow 2, 5, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21 , 33, 56, 62, 77, 83, 93, 162, 104, 105, 114, 129, 130, 162, C. I. Disperse Yellow 3, 4, 7, 31, 42, 54, 61 , 64, 201 , C. I. Reactive Yellow 2, C. I. Mordant Yellow 5, C. I. Direct Yellow 1 , 11, 12, 28, C. I. Acid Yellow 1, 3, 11, 17, 23, 38, 40, 42, 76, 98, C. I. Basic Yellow 1 ,

[0116] Examples of magenta dyes are C. I. Solvent Violet 2, 10, 13, 33, 45, 46, C. I. Disperse Violet 22, 24, 26, 28, 31, C. I. Acid Violet 9, 49, C. I. Basic Violet 1 , 2, 3, 7, 10, 14,

[0117] Examples of black dyes are Solvent Black 3, 5, 7, 27, 28, 29, 35, 45 and 46.

[0118] Examles of further dyes are C. I. Solvent Orange 1, 2, 5, 6, 37, 45, 62, 99, C. I. Acid Orange 1 , 3, 7, 8, 10, 20, 24, 28, 33, 56, 74, C. I. Direct Orange 1, 26, C. I. Disperse Orange 5, C. I. Direct Brown 6, 58, 95, 101, 173, C. I and Acid Brown 14, C. I.

[0119] Preferably, the colorant is a pigment.

[0120] More preferably, the colorant is a red, green, blue or black pigment.

[0121] The term “dispersing agent” comprises “single dispersing agents” and “mixtures of dispersing agnts”. The dispersing agent can be any dispersing agent, such as a polymeric dispersing agent.

[0122] Examples of polymeric dispersing agents are random, block or comb-type copolymers obtained by polymerization of suitable monomers such styrene derivatives, (meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylamides, and optional modification after polymerization. Further examples of polymer- ic dispersing agents are polyethylenimines, polyethyleneimines crafted to polyesters, polyam- ines, polyamines crafted to polyesters, polyurethanes and modified polyurethanes

[0123] Examples of polymeric dispersing agents are BYK’s DISPERBYK® 101 , 115, 130, 140, 160, 161 , 162, 163, 164, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171 , 180, 182, 2000, 2001 , 2009, 2020, 2025, 2050, 2090, 2091 , 2095, 2096, 2150, EFKA® 4008, 4009, 4010, 4015, 4046, 4047, 4050, 4055, 4060, 4080, 4300, 4310, 4330, 4340, 4400, 4401 , 4402, 4403, 4406, 4500, 4510, 4520, 4530, 4540, 4550, 4560, Ajisper PB®711 , 821 , 822, 823, 824, 827, SOLSPERSE® 1320, 13940, 17000, 20000, 21000, 24000, 26000, 27000, 28000, 31845, 32500, 32550, 32600, 33500, 34750, 36000, 36600, 37500, 39000, 41090, 44000, 53095 and mixtures thereof.

[0124] The dispersing agent is preferably a polymeric dispersing agent, and more preferably selected from the group consisting of EFKA® 4046, 4047, 4060, 4300, 4310, 4330, 4340, DISPERBYK® 161 , 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 2000, 2001 , 2020, 2050, 2090, 2091 , 2095, 2096, 2105, 2150, Ajisper PB®711 , 821 , 822, 823, 824, 827, SOLSPERSE® 24000, 31845, 32500, 32550, 32600, 33500, 34750, 36000, 36600, 37500, 39000, 41090, 44000, 53095 and mixtures thereof.

[0125] The term “polymeric synergist” includes “single polymeric synergists” as well as “polymeric syn- ergist mixtures”.

[0126] The polymeric synergist improves the dispersion stability of a pigment in the composition.

[0127] Examples of polymeric synergists are opper phthalocyanine derivatives such as EFKA® 6745, SOLSPERSE® 5000, 12000, BYK’s SYNERGIST 2100 and azo derivatives such as EFKA® 6750, SOLSPERSE® 22000 and SYNERGIST 2105.

[0128] The term “surfactant” includes “single surfactants” as well as “surfactant mixtures”.

[0129] The surfactant can be any surfactant.

[0130] Examples of surfactants are anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzene- or alkylnaphthalene- sulfonates, alkylsulfosuccinates or naphthalene formaldehyde sulfonates, cationic surfactants such as quaternary salts, for example benzyl tributyl ammonium chloride, amphoteric surfac- tants such alkyl betaines or amidopropyl betaines and non-ionic surfactants.

[0131] Examples of non-ionic surfactants are polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether and polyoxyethylene oleyl ether; polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether and polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether; polyethylene glycol diesters such as polyethylene glycol dilaurate and polyethylene glycol distearate, sorbitan fatty acid esters and fatty acid modified polyesters and tertiary amine modi- fied polyurethanes and polyethyleneimines.

[0132] The term “texture improving agent” includes “single texture improving agent” as well as “texture improving agent mixtures”.

[0133] The texture improving agent can be any texture improving agent.

[0134] Examples of texture improving agents are fatty acids such as stearic acid or behenic acid, fatty amines such as laurylamine or stearylamine, fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, polyols such as aliphatic 1 ,2-diols or epoxidized soybean oil, waxes, resin acids and resin acid salts.

[0135] The term “adhesion improving agent” includes “single adhesion improving agent” as well as “adhesion improving agent mixtures”. The adhesion improving agent can be any adhesion im- proving agent.

[0136] The adhesion improving agent usually increases the adhesion of the coated composition to the substrate. Examples of adhesion improving agents are silane coupling agents and titanium cou- pling agents.

[0137] The term “photosensitizer” includes “single photosensitizers” as well as “photosensitizer mix- tures”. The photosensitizer can be any photosensitizer.

[0138] Examples of photosensitizers are aromatic compounds such as benzophenone and derivatives thereof, thioxanthone and derivatives thereof, anthraquinone and derivatives thereof, coumarin and derivatives thereof, phenothiazine and derivatives thereof, 3-(aroylmethylene)thiazolines, rhodanines, camphorquinone, eosine, rhodamine, erythrosine, xanthene, thioxanthene, acri- dine, e.g. 9-phenylacridine, 1 ,7-bis(9-acridinyl)heptane, 1 ,5-bis(9-acridinyl)pentane, cyanine and merocyanine dyes.

[0139] Examples of thioxanthone derivatives are 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 1- chloro-4-propoxythioxanthone, 2-dodecylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 2,4- dimethylthioxanthone, 1 -methoxycarbonylthioxanthone, 2-ethoxycarbonylthioxanthone, 3-(2- methoxyethoxycarbonyl)-thioxanthone, 4-butoxycarbonylthioxanthone, 3-butoxycarbonyl-7- methylthioxanthone, 1-cyano-3chlorothioxanthone, 1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-chlorothioxanthone, 1- ethoxycarbonyl-3-ethoxythioxanthone, 1 -ethoxycarbonyl-3-aminothioxanthone, 1 - ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylsulfurylthioxanthone, 3,4-di-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxycarbonyl]- thioxanthone, 1 ,3-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-9Hthioxanthen-9-one 2-ethylhexylether, 1- ethoxycarbonyl-3-(1-methyl-1-morpholinoethyl)-thioxanthone, 2-methyl-6-di methoxymethyl- thioxanthone, 2-methyl-6-(1 ,1-dimethoxybenzyl)-thioxanthone, 2- morpholinomethylthioxanthone, 2-methyl-6-morpholinomethylthioxanthone, N-allylthioxanthone- 3,4-dicarboximide, N-octylthioxanthone-3,4-dicarboximide, N-(1 , 1 ,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)- thioxanthone-3,4-dicarboximide, 1 -phenoxythioxanthone, 6-ethoxycarbonyl-2- methoxythioxanthone, 6-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methylthioxanthone, thioxanthone-2-carboxylic acid polyethyleneglycol ester and 2-hydroxy-3-(3,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthon-2-yloxy)N,N,N- trimethyl-1-propanaminium chloride.

[0140] Examples of benzophenone derivatives are 4-phenyl benzophenone, 4-methoxy benzophe- none, 4,4’-dimethoxy benzophenone, 4,4’-dimethyl benzophenone, 4,4’-dichlorobenzophenone 4,4’-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4’-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4’- bis(methylethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4’-bis(p-isopropylphenoxy)benzophenone, 4-methyl benzophenone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone, 4-(4-methylthiophenyl)-benzophenone, 3,3’- dimethyl-4-methoxy benzophenone, methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate, 4-(2-hydroxyethylthio)- benzophenone, 4-(4-tolylthio)benzophenone, 1 -[4-(4-benzoyl-phenylsulfanyl)-phenyl]-2-methyl- 2-(toluene-4-sulfonyl)-propan-1-one, 4-benzoyl-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenemethanaminium chlo- ride, 2-hydroxy-3-(4-benzoylphenoxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium chloride monohydrate, 4-(13-acryloyl 1 ,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecyl)-benzophenone and 4-benzoyl-N , N-dimethyl-N-[2-(1 - oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]ethyl-benzenemethanaminium chloride.

[0141] Examples of coumarin derivatives are Coumarin 1 , Coumarin 2, Coumarin 6, Coumarin 7, Cou- marin 30, Coumarin 102, Coumarin 106, Coumarin 138, Coumarin 152, Coumarin 153, Couma- rin 307, Coumarin 314, Coumarin 314T, Coumarin 334, Coumarin 337, Coumarin 500, 3- benzoyl coumarin, 3-benzoyl-7-methoxycoumarin, 3-benzoyl-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, 3- benzoyl-5,7-dipropoxycoumarin, 3-benzoyl-6,8-dichlorocoumarin, 3-benzoyl-6-chloro-coumarin, 3,3’-carbonyl-bis[5,7-di(propoxy)coumarin], 3,3’-carbonyl-bis(7-methoxycoumarin), 3,3’- carbonyl-bis(7-diethylamino-coumarin), 3-isobutyloylcoumarin, 3-benzoyl-5,7-dimethoxy- coumarin, 3-benzoyl-5,7-diethoxy-coumarin, 3-benzoyl-5,7-dibutoxycoumarin, 3-benzoyl-5,7- di(methoxyethoxy)-coumarin, 3-benzoyl-5,7-di(allyloxy)coumarin, 3-benzoyl-7- dimethylaminocoumarin, 3-benzoyl-7-diethylaminocoumarin, 3-isobutyloyl-7- dimethylaminocoumarin, 5,7-dimethoxy-3-(1-naphthoyl)-coumarin, 5, 7-diethoxy-3-(1 -naphthoyl- coumarin, 3-benzoylbenzo[f]coumarin, 7-diethylamino-3-thienoylcoumarin, 3-(4-cyanobenzoyl)- 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, 3-(4-cyanobenzoyl)-5,7-dipropoxycoumarin, 7-dimethylamino-3- phenylcoumarin, 7-diethylamino-3-phenylcoumarin, the coumarin derivatives disclosed in JP09- 179299-A and JP09-325209-A, for example 7-[{4-chloro-6-(diethylamino)-S-triazine-2-yl}amino]- 3-phenylcoumarin.

[0142] Examples of 3-(aroylmethylene)-thiazolines are 3-methyl-2-benzoylmethylene-p- naphthothiazoline, 3-methyl-2-benzoylmethylene-benzothiazoline and 3-ethyl-2- propionylmethylene-p-naphthothiazoline.

[0143] Examples of rhodanines are 4-dimethylaminobenzalrhodanine, 4-diethylaminobenzalrhodanine, 3-ethyl-5-(3-octyl-2-benzothiazolinylidene)-rhodanine, the rhodanine derivatives, formulae [1], [2], [7], disclosed in JP08-305019A.

[0144] Further examples of photosensitizers are acetophenone, 3-methoxyacetophenone, 4- phenylacetophenone, benzil, 4,4’-bis(dimethylamino)benzil, 2-acetylnaphthalene, 2- naphthaldehyde, dansyl acid derivatives, 9,10-anthraquinone, anthracene, pyrene, aminopy- rene, perylene, phenanthrene, phenanthrenequinone, 9-fluorenone, dibenzosuberone, curcu- min, xanthone, thiomichler’s ketone, a-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene) ketones, e.g. 2,5-bis(4- diethylaminobenzylidene)cyclopentanone, 2-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene)-indan-1-one, 3-(4- dimethylamino-phenyl)-1-indan-5-yl-propenone, 3-phenylthiophthalimide, N-methyl-3,5- di(ethylthio)-phthalimide, N-methyl-3,5-di(ethylthio)phthalimide, phenothiazine, methylphenothi- azine, amines, e.g. N-phenylglycine, ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, butoxyethyl 4- dimethylaminobenzoate, 4-dimethylaminoacetophenone, triethanolamine, methyldiethanola- mine, dimethylaminoethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl benzoate, poly(propylenegylcol)-4- (dimethylamino) benzoate.

[0145] Preferred photosensitizers are selected from the group consisting of benzophenone and its de- rivatives, thioxanthone and its derivatives, anthraquinone and its derivatives, and coumarin and its derivatives.

[0146] The term “accelerator” includes “single accelerators” as well as “accelerator mixtures”. The ac- celerator can be any accelerator.

[0147] The accelerator usually accelerates the photopolymerization.

[0148] Examples of accelerators are amines, for example triethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, ethyl-p-dimethylaminobenzoate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl benzoate, 2-ethylhexyl-p- dimethylaminobenzoate, octyl-para-N,N-dimethylaminobenzoate, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl- para-toluidine or Michler’s ketone. The accelerative effect of the amines can be intensified by the addition of aromatic ketones of the benzophenone type. Examples of amines which can be used as oxygen scavengers are substituted N,N-dialkylanilines, as are described in EP339841. Other accelerators are thiols, thioethers, disulfides, phosphonium salts, phosphine oxides or phosphines, as described, for example, in EP438123, in GB2180358 and in JP KokaiHei 6- 68309.

[0149] The term “additional thermal radical initiator” includes “single additional thermal radical initiator” as well as “additional thermal radical initiator mixtures”.

[0150] The additional thermal radical initiator can be any thermal radical initiator different from the thermal radical initiator (B)

[0151] Examples of additional thermal radical initiators are organic peroxides, azo derivatives, benzoin derivatives, benzoin ether derivatives, acetophenone derivatives, hydroxylamine esters, oxime derivatives such as oxime sulfonates, and hydrogen peroxides.

[0152] Examples of peroxides are dilauroyl, 1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethylbutyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert- butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)-2-methylcyclohexane, 1 ,1-di(tert- hexylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, tert-butylperoxymaleic acid, tert-butyl peroxylaurate, tert-butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, tert-hexyl peroxybenzoate, tert-butyl peroxyace- tate, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, dicymyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert- butylperoxy)hexyne-3, 1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, 2,3- dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane, and the organic peroxides or hydroperoxides described in JP2003015288, JP10010718 and JP2013014675.

[0153] Examples of azo derivatives are 2,2’-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2’-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 1 , 1 ’-azobis(cyclohexane-1 -1 -carbonitrile), (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) , 1 -[(1 -cyano-1 - methylethyl)azo]formamide, 2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2’-azobis[N-(2- propenyl)-2-methylpropionamide], 2,2’-azobis(N-butyl-2-methylpropionamide), 2,2’-azobis[2-(2- imidazolin-2-yl)propane], 2,2’-azobis[2-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)propionamide], Dimethyl 2,2’- azobis(isobutyrate), and the azo compounds described in JP2003015288.

[0154] Examples of oxime sulfonates are described by W02012 / 101245 and W016 / 030790.

[0155] Examples of hydroxylamine esters are described by W02001090113, WO03029332 and WO1 0108835.

[0156] The composition of the present invention preferably does not include peroxide and aza com- pounds.

[0157] The term “inhibitor” includes “single inhibitator” as well as “inhibitor mixtures”. The inhibitor can be any inhibitor. Inhibitors usually prevent premature polymerization.

[0158] Examples of thermal inihibitors are hydroquinone, hydroquinone derivatives, p-methoxyphenol, P-naphthol and sterically hindered phenols, such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol.

[0159] Examples of inhibitors that increase the stability on storage in the dark are copper compounds, such as copper naphthenate, stearate or octoate, phosphorus compounds, for example tri- phenylphosphine, tributylphosphine, triethylphosphine, triphenyl phosphate or tribenzyl phos- phate, quaternary ammonium compounds, for example tetramethylammonium chloride or trime- thylbenzylammonium chloride, or hydroxylamine derivatives, for example N- diethylhydroxylamine.

[0160] Examples of inhibitors that exclude atmospheric oxygen during the polymerization by migrating to the surface in the beginning of polymerization and form a transparent surface layer which prevents the ingress of air, are paraffin or similar wax-like substances which, being of inade- quate solubility in the polymer.

[0161] Further examples of inhibitors are light stabilizers such as UV absorbers, for example those of the hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole, hydroxyphenyl-benzophenone, oxalamide or hydroxyphenyl-s- triazine type. These compounds can be used individually or in mixtures, with or without sterically hindered amines (HALS).

[0162] Inhibitors may also prevent deterioration of color properties like transparency. Examples of these inhibitors preventing deterioration are thermal inhibitors such as phenol derivatives and sterically hindered phenols as are described, for example, by US4994628, JP6128195, JP7206771 and WO0198249

[0163] Further examples of inhibitors are latent thermal inhibitors which are antioxidants and prevent premature polymerization or discoloration. The latent thermal inhibitors are usually compounds having a protective group capable of being desorbed by heating and developing an antioxidant function.

[0164] Preferred latent thermal inhibitors are compounds which are synthesized with a combination of phenol derivatives and acid anhydride, Boc reagent such as di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, acid chlo- ride, alkyl halide derivatives, allyl ether derivatives or cyclochloride derivatives such as decribed in W014021023W017043353, W02016056290, JP2017008219, JP2017066370, J P201513937 WO2018062105

[0165] The term “crosslinking agent” includes “single crosslinking agent” as well as “crosslinking agent mixtures”. The crosslinking agent can be any crosslinking agent. Examples of crosslinking agents which are activated by an acid or a base are those described in JP10221843, epoxy resins and oxetane compounds.

[0166] Examples of epoxy resind are bisphenol S type epoxy resins bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol F type epoxy resins, bisphenol fluorene type epoxy resins, diglycidyl phthalate resins, heterocyclic epoxy resins, bixylenol type epoxy resins, biphenol type epoxy resin, tetraglycidyl xylenoylethane resins, novolak type epoxy resins, novolak type epoxy resin of bisphenol A, che- late type epoxy resins, glyoxal type epoxy resins, rubber-modified epoxy resins, silicone- modified epoxy resins, as well as partially esterified products thereof

[0167] Examples of oxetane compounds are 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane (oxetane alcohol), 2- ethylhexyloxetane, xylene bisoxetane and 3-ethyl-3[[(3-ethyloxetane-3-yl)methoxy]- methyl]oxetane,

[0168] Further examples of crosslinking agents are crosslinking agents which generate acid or base thermally or by actinic radiation and which activates a crosslinking reaction,

[0169] Further examples of crosslinking agents are cationic photo- or thermal initiators such as sul- fonium-, phosphonium- or iodonium salts, for example Omnicat®250, cyclopentadienyl-arene- iron(ll) complex salts, for example (r|6-iso-propylbenzene)(r|5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(ll) hex- afluorophosphate, as well as oxime sulfonic acid esters, for example described in EP780729, pyridinium and / soquinolinium salts as described in EP 497531 and EP 441232 as well as imid- azole and its derivatives.

[0170] The composition of the present composition preferably comprises from

[0171] 2 to 80% by weight of compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A),

[0172] 0.1 to 20% by weight of thermal radical initiator (B), and

[0173] 0.1 to 20% by weight of photoinitiator (C) based on the weight of the solids of the composition of the present invention.

[0174] If more than one the components (A), (B) and (C), respectively, is pesent in the composition of the present invention, the percentage given above refers to the sum of all components (A), the sum of all components (B) and the sum of all components (C), respectively. Thus, “2 to 80% by weight of compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A) based on the weight of the solids of the composition of the present invention” means “2 to 80% by weight of all compounds or oligomers carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A) based on the weight of the solids of the composition of the present invention”.

[0175] The composition of the present composition more preferably comprises from 10 to 60% by weight of compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A),

[0176] 0.5 to 10% by weight of thermal radical initiator (B) and

[0177] 0.5 to 10% by weight of photoinitiator (C) based on the weight of the solids of the composition of the present invention.

[0178] The composition of the present invention preferably also comprises an oligomer or polymer (D) which is soluble in an alkaline solution. If the composition comprises an oligomer or polymer (D), which is soluble in alkaline solution, the composition preferably comprises from 2 to 98% by weight of oligomer and polymer (D) which is soluble in alkaline solution, more preferably from 4 to 90%, and most preferably from 5 to 75% by weight based on the weight of the solid of the composition. The amount of oligomer or polymer (D), which is soluble in alkaline solution, is usually in the range of 2 to 40% by weight if a pigment is present and in the range of 30 to 98% by weight if no pigment is present, based on the weight of the solid of the composition

[0179] The composition of the present invention usually also comprises a solvent. If the composition comprises a solvent, the composition preferably has a solid content in the range of from 5 to 50% by weight based on the weight of the composition, more preferably in the range of from 10 to 45% by weight.

[0180] If the composition of the present invention comprises a pigment, the composition of the present invention preferably also comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of dispersing agent, polymeric synergist and surfactant and mixtures thereof.

[0181] Compositions of the present composition comprising a pigment preferably comprise from 2 to 80% by weight compounds or oligomers carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A),

[0182] 0.1 to 20% by weight of thermal radical initiator (B)

[0183] 0.1 to 20% by weight of photoinitiator (C)

[0184] 2 to 40% by weight of oligomer or polymer (D), which is alkaline soluble

[0185] 5 to 65% by weight of pigment based on the weight of the solids of the composition of the present invention, and from

[0186] 1 to 80% by weight at least one additive selected from the group consisting of dispersing agent, polymeric synergist and surfactant and mixtures thereof, based on the weight of the pigment.

[0187] Compositions of the present composition comprising a pigment more preferably comprise from 10 to 60% by weight of compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A),

[0188] 0.5 to 10% by weight of thermal radical initiator (B)

[0189] 0.5 to 10% by weight of photoinitiator (C)

[0190] 2 to 20% by weight of oligomer or polymer (D), which is alkaline soluble 20 to 60% by weight of pigment based on the weight of the solids of the composition of the present invention, and from 10 to 60% by weight at least one additive selected from the group consisting of dispersing agent, polymeric synergist and surfactant and mixtures thereof, based on the weight of the pig- ment.

[0191] The compositions of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the at least one com- pound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A), the at least one thermal radical initiator (B) and the at least one photoinitiator (C). Preferably, component (A), (B) and (C) are mixed with at least one oligomer or oligomer (D), which is soluble in alkaline solution, and a solvent. If the composition of the present invention comprises at least one pig- ment, usually a pigment dispersion comprising pigment, solvent and additives such as dispers- ing agents and polymeric synergists is prepared first, and then components (A), (B), (C), (D) and optionally solvent are added to the pigment dispersion and dispersed.

[0192] The composition of the present invention is preferably suitable as photoresist composition. The composition of the present invention also comprising at least one oligomer or oligomer (D), which is soluble in alkaline solution, is preferably suitable as negative photoresist composition.

[0193] Also part of the present invention is a process for forming a cured layer on a substrate, which processes comprises the steps of

[0194] (i) applying the composition of the present invention on a substrate to form a layer

[0195] (ii) drying the layer of step (i)

[0196] (iii) treating the layer of step ((ii) with light, followed by heat treatment, or heating the layer of step (ii), followed by light treatment.

[0197] Preferably, in step (iii) the layer of step ((ii) is first treated with light, followed by heat treatment,

[0198] Also part of the present invention is a process for forming a cured pattern on a substrate, which processes comprises the steps of

[0199] (i) applying composition of the present invention on a substrate to form a layer

[0200] (ii) drying the layer of step (i)

[0201] (iii) treating the layer of step (ii) with light using a mask to form a layer comprising light- treated and not light-treated parts

[0202] (iv) treating the layer of step (iii) with a developer to form a pattern

[0203] (v) heating the pattern of step (iv).

[0204] The substrate can be any suitable substrate such as glass, or a plastic substrate such as poly- ethersulfone, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The composition of the present invention can be applied to the substrate by any technique known in the art. Preferably, the composition is applied by liquid processing techniques such as spin coating, knife coating, curtain pouring, brush application, blading, slot-die coating, drop- casting, spray-coating, ink-jetting, reverse roll coating, or soaking of the substrate in the compo- sition. In one embodiment, the composition is applied by spin-coating.

[0205] The layer is dried by part or complete removal of the solvent present in the layer. Drying is usu- ally performed, for example, by heating the substrate with the layer at a temperature in the range of 30 to 80°C, more preferably at a temperature in the range of 40 to 70°C, for 1 to 60 minutes, preferably for 5 to 20 minutes. The drying step can be performed, for example, using a convection oven.

[0206] The dried layer on the substrate can have a thickness in the range of 0.1 micrometer to 2000 micrometer, such as in the range of 0.5 to 500 micrometer, or in the range of 0.5 to 10 microme- ter.

[0207] The light used to treat the layer can have any suitable wavelength (or mixture of wavelengths). Preferably, the light has a wavelength in the range of from 150 to 2500 nm, more preferably in the range of from 200 to 650 nm, and most preferably in the rang of from 200 to 450 nm.

[0208] Any suitable light source or mixtue of light sources can be used. Examples of light sources are low-pressure mercury vapor lamps, medium-pressure mercury vapor lamps, high-pressure mer- cury vapor lamps, lasers, pulsed lamps (flashlight), halogen lamps, excimer lamps, arc lamps and light emitting diodes.

[0209] The total light exosure dose is normally chosen to yield sufficient curing. The total light exposure dose can be, for example, in the range of 5 to 3000 mJ / cm2, preferably in the range of 5 to 300 mJ / cm2, and as low as in the range of 50 to 150 mJ / cm2.

[0210] The developer can be any developer known in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the develop- er is an alkaline solution. The layer can be treated with the developer by any method known in the art, such as soaking the substrate with the layer in a developer bath or spraying the devel- oper onto the substrate. Usually, the developer is sprayed onto the layer. Usually, the treatment of the layer with the developer is performed at a temperature in the range of 18 to 40°C. Usual- ly, the treatment of the layer with the developer is performed for 1 second to 15 minutes.

[0211] The heat treatment is usually performed at a temperature of below 150 °C, preferably at a tem- perature of below 120 °C, more preferably at a temperature in the range of 80 to 115 °C and most preferably at a temperature in the range of 90 to 110 °C. The heat treatment is usually performed for 1 to 300 minutes, preferably for 30 to 180 minutes. Also part of the present invention is a cured layer formed by the process of the present inven- tion. Also part of the present invention is a cured pattern formed by the processs of the present in- vention. Also part of the present invention is a device comprising at least one cured layer of the present invention or at least one cured pattern of the present invention. The device is preferably a print- ed circuit board, an integrated circuit, a color filter array, a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display or a white organic light emitting diode (WOLED) display. Also part of the present invention is the use of a thermal radical initiator (B) of formula wherein nBis 1 or 2 R6Band R7Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14- heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substitut- ed with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Band R7Btogether with the N-atom, to which R6Band R7Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 mem- bered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phe- nyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R2Bis H, NR6BR7B, COR6B, COOR6B, CONR6BR7B, CN, YB-R10B, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14- aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein YBis O or S, R10Bis C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12- alkoxy, or R6Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R7Band R2Btogether with the N-atom, to which R7Bis connected, and together with the C-atom, to which R2Bis connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R3Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, XBis O or S, R5Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3- 12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substit- uents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, LBis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, mBis 0 or 1, R8Band R9Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14- heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substitut- ed with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8Band R9Btogether with the N-atom, to which R8Band R9Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and If nBis 1, R4Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, If nBis 2, R4Bis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercap- toalcohol. in compositions comprising (i) at least one compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethyleni- cally unsaturated group (A) and (ii) at least one photoinitiator (C), which is a compound carrying at least one oxime ester group, for increasing the light induced curing of the ethylenically un- saturated groups. In a preferred use, the thermal radical initiator (B) is of formula or wherein nB", R6B", R7B", R2B", R3B", R4B" and R6B#, R7B#and R2B#are as outlined above.

[0212] In a preferred use, the photoinitiator (C) is a compound having a benzohenone skeleton and carrying at least one oxime ester group.

[0213] In a preferrd use, the ethylenically unsaturated groups of compound or oligomer (A) carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group are selected from the group consisting of acryloyl and methacryloyl groups.

[0214] The compositions of the present invention are advantageous in that the presence of a photoin- itiator (C) allows photopatterning of the layer formed from the composition. Thus, the composi- tions of the present invention are suitable for use in photolithographic processes.

[0215] The compositions of the present invention are advantageous in that they can form sufficiently cured layers or, in case of photolithographic processes, cured patterns on a substrate in a pro- cess comprising a light treatment and a heat treatment step, wherein the heat treatment step is performed at a temperature of below 120 °C, preferably at a temperature of below 110 °C. Thus, the compositions of the present invention allow the use of heat sensitive substrates such as plastic substrates and / or heat-sensitive composition components. In addition, the compos- tions allow the use of processes for forming a cured layer or cured pattern which processes re- quire less energy. The compositions of the present invention are also advantageous in that the layer formed from the compositions show a high effectiveness of the heat-initated curing, although the heat treat- ment step is performed at a temperature of below 120 °C, preferably at a temperature of below 110 °C. A high effectiveness of heat-initiated curing is advantageous as it leads to higher chemical re- sistance of the cured pattern and higher adhesion of the cured pattern to the substrate. In the production of color filter arrays, for example, which involves several photolithographic processes, a high chemical resistance of the cured pattern and high adhesion of the cured pat- tern to the substrate is of upmost importance in the alkaline development steps of subsequent photolithographic processes. The compositions of the present invention comprising at least a thermal radical initiator of for- mula 1B such as 1B-a, 1B-b, 1B-c, 1B-d, 1B-e, 1B-f, 1B-g, 1B-h, 1B-j and 1B-k, and at least one photoinitiator carrying at least one oxime ester group, such as C4, C5, C6 and C22, are in particular advantageous in that the effectiveness of the light-initiated curing is increased in the light-treatment step. Thus, the combination of at least one thermal radical initiator of formula 1B and at least one photoinitiator carrying at least one oxime ester group shows a synergistic effect regarding the effectiveness of light-initated curing. A higher effectiveness of light-initiated curing is advantageous as it allows the reduction of the amount of photoinitiator used in the composition and / or the reduction of the exposure dose of the light used in the light treatment step. Examples Abbreviations: PGMEA = propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate DPHA = mixture of dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate Example 1.1 Preparation of compound 2b Triethylamine (11.24 g, 0.11 mol) was added to a dispersion of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (7.64 g, 0.11 mol) in methanol (40 mL). After 5 minutes stirring the initially obtained suspension became a clear solution, which was then cooled to 0 °C. To the cooled solution a solution of N,N-Dimethyl-ethylen-chlorformamidiniumchloride (17.08 g, 0.1 mol) in dichloromethane (60 mL) was added and, parallel, triethylaminein (26 mL, 0.25 mol), both over 1 hour 20 minutes. During the addition of solutions, the temperature of the reaction mixture was kept below 5 °C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 5 °C, and then the sligthly yel- low suspension was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred for another 1 hour 15 minutes. Then, the suspension was added to demineralised water under stirring. After phase separation the aqueous phase was extracted two times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate.1 g of compound 2b was obtained with a purity of 62% (side product was N,N-dimethylimidazolinone). NaOH was added to the aqueous phase and the triethylamine was set free which was separated and discarded. The aqueos phase was extracte three times with dichloromethane and the combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated.2.75 g of compound 2b as white crystals were obtained with a purity of 75% (side product was N,N-dimethylimidazolinone).1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 3.14 ppm (s, 4H, NCH2), 2.88 (br., 6H, NCH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 157.67ppm, 45.07, 31.51. Example 1.2 Preparation of compound 2d Oxalylchloride (35.9 g, 0.27 mol) was dissolved in cyclohexane (100 mL) and cooled subse- quently to 0 °C. To this solution a solution of N,N-dimethylbenzamide (40.7 g, 0.27 mol) in di- chloromethane (16 mL) was added over 2 minutes. The resulting solution was kept at 0 °C for 1 hour 20 minutes. Subsequently, the mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature. After 1 hour the thick and non stirrable yellowish mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (150 mL) to yield a solution. This solution was stirred for further 18 hours at room temperature. Phase sepa- ration occured, and only the lower phase was used later. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (28.5 g, 0.41 mol) was dissolved in demineralised water (135 mL), triethylamine (41 g, 0.41mol) was added and the obtained solution was cooled to 10 °C. To this solution the above-mentioned lower phase was added very slowly, at the same time triethylamine (59.2 g, 0.59 mol) was add- ed. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The organic phase was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to yield 12.47 g (26% yield) com- pound 2d as white crystals.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 7.47-7.37 ppm (m, 5H, Ph), 2.70 (s, 6H, N(CH3)2).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 161.25 ppm, 131.46, 129.14, 128.71, 128.35, 39.09. Example 1.3 Preparation of compound 2e Ethyl acetohydroxamate (7.15 g, 0.069 mol) was mixed with morpholine (18.13 mL, 0.208 mol) and the resulting orange solution was heated to 85 °C under stirring for 24 hours. Morpholine and other solvents formed were evaporated and 9.5 g (95% yield) compound 2e was obtained and used without further purification.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 8.15ppm (br., 1H, OH), 3.60 (m, 4H, OCH2), 2.98 / 2.78 (m, 4H, E / Z-Isomer, NCH2), 1.86 / 1.85 (s, 3H, E / Z-Isomer, CH3). Example 1.4 Preparation of compound 2g Dimethylamine hydrochloride (42.03g, 0.5 mol) was dissolved in 170 mL DMF (170 mL), the resulting solution was cooled to 0°C. Then triethylamin (67.3 g, 0.66 mol) was added slowly in 30 minutes. The resulting slighly milky solution was stirred for 30 minutes at 0°C. o-Toluoyl chlo- ride (26.3 g) was added slowly in 15 minutes at 0°C. After stirring for further 15 minutes the then white suspension was warmed to room temperature. The suspension was added to a mixture of demineralized water (500 mL) and ethyl acetate (350 mL) under strong stirring. The organic phase was seperated, the aqueous phase was extracted 2 times with ethyl acetate. The com- bined organic phases were extracted five times with 200ml of brine and were then dried over magnesium sulfate. After evaporation of the solvent 20.35 g of a clear oil was obtained. The oil was extracted 3 times with brine, diluted afterwards with ethyl acetate, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated.12.7 g (47%) N,N-dimethyl-o-toluoylamide was obtained as clear oil.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 7.30-7.16 ppm (m, 4H, Ph), 3.15 (s, 3H, NCH3), 2.84 (s, 3H, NCH3), 2,30 (s, 3H, CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 171.51ppm, 136.77, 133.98, 130.31, 128.72, 125.90, 125.80, 38.36, 34.54, 18.89. Oxalylchloride (8.1 g, 0.06 mol) was added to dichloromethane (27 mL) and the colourless solu- tion was cooled to -10 °C. N,N-Dimethyl-2-toluoylamide (9.5 g, 0.06 mol) dissolved in dichloro- methane (3 mL) was added and the solution was stirred for 30 minutes at -10°C. Then the solu- tion was slowly warmed to room temperature, some evolution of gas could be observed. The solution was heated to 40 °C and stirred for 18 hours. Hydroxylamin hydrochloride (6.6 g, 0.09 mol) was suspended in methanol (31 mL), then triethylamin (9.5 g, 0.09 mol) was added at 0 °C. To the such-prepared white suspension the above prepared suspension was added slowly and simultaneously with triethylamine (13.7 g, 0.14 mol). After finishing the addition of com- pounds, the such-prepared suspension was slowly heated to room temperature. The white sus- pension was stirren into 1 L of demineralized water, the organic pase was extracted twice with water and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated.8.96 g of a clear yellowish oil was obtained which solidifies after standing over night. After recrystallisation from cyclohexane 3.68 g (33%) of the compound 2g were obtained as crystals.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 7.35-7.16 ppm (m, 4H, Ph), 6.67 (br., 1H, OH), 2.72 (s, 6H, N(CH3)2), 2,32 (s, 3H, CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 161.13 ppm, 136.12, 132.08, 129.93, 128.95, 127.82, 125.82, 38.25, 19.37. Example 1.5 Preparation of compound 2j 39.65 g (0.294 mol) of N-chlorosuccinimide was added in portions to a mixture of 17.72 g (0.3 mol) acetaldoxime in 60 mL DMF at 40°C. After stirring at 35 °C for 30 minutes, 41.40 g (0.33 mol) of p-toluenethiol was added to the mixture at 0°C, followed by slow addition of 46.49 g (0.33 mol) triethylamine over 1 hour. Then, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture was pured into 600 mL of demineralised water under strong stirring. The colourless precipitate was filtered off and dried under vacuum to yield 51.13 g (78%) 2j dihy- drate as colourless powder.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 9.23 ppm (br., 1H, =N-OH), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 2H), 4.79 (s, 4H, H2O)2.40 (s, 3H, CH3), 1.80 (s, 3H, CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 154.46 ppm, 140.00, 136.24, 130.07, 125.21, 21.2719.47. Exampe 2.1 Preparation of compound 3c Disodium phosphate (43.3 g, 0.299 mol) was added to iso-propanol (65 mL, 0.85mol) at room temperature. Then, cyanurchloride (37.6 g, 0.2 mol) was added to the stirred mixture, and the thick suspension was diluted with iso-propanol (5 mL). The obtained suspension was heated to 45 °C for 5 hours. The white mixture was cooled to room temperature and added to demineral- ised water (40 mL) under strong stirring. After standing some time at room temperature the or- ganic phase was separated and the aqueous phase extracted twice with tert-butyl methyl ether. The separated organic phase and the tert-butyl methyl ether extracts were combined and dried over sodium sulfate. tert-butyl methyl ether was evaporated, and 37.26 g (82% yield) compound 3c was obtained as clear liquid with a purity of 92% (NMR).1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 5.42 ppm (sept, 1H, CH(CH3)2), 1.45 (d, 6H, CH(CH3)2).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 172.48 ppm, 170.50, 74.95, 21.46. Example 2.2 Preparation of compound 3e 130 g (0.90 mol) disodium phosphate were added to 100 mL 2-butanol at 20 °C. To the stirred mixture 112.9 g (0.6 mol) cyanurchloride and 150 mL 2-butanol were added, and the white sus- pension was heated to 40 °C for 5 hours. After standing overnight at room temperature 1 L de- mineralised water was added to the white suspension.250 mL tert-butyl methyl ether was add- ed under stirring. After standing some time at room temperature the organic phase was seper- ated and the aqueous phase extracted twice with tert-butyl methyl ether. The seperated organic phase was added to the tert-butyl methyl ether solution and the combined organic phases were dried using magnesium sulfate. tert-butyl methyl ether was evaporated, the 120.5 g of the prod- uct were obtained as turbid liquid. The compound was distilled under vacuum and was obtained at an evaporation temperature of 134-136 °C at 20 mbar as a colourless liquid. Yield: 82.6 g (62%) colourless liquid, purity 98% (NMR).1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 5.26 ppm (sext, 1H, CHCH3CH2), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.41 (d, 3H, CHCH3), 1.00 (t, 3H, CH2CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 172.47 ppm, 170.78, 79.55, 28.52, 18.89, 9.46. Example 2.3 Preparation of compound 3f 1.50 g potassium carbonate was added portionwise during 10 minutes to a mixture of 2.20 g (11.9 mmol) cyanurchloride, 0.638 g (5.4 mmol) 3-methyl-1,5-pentandiol and 7.5 mL acetone. The mixture was stirred for 4 h at room temperature. The mixture was filtered, and the solvent of the filtrate was evaporated. The residue obtained was digerated in 10 mL of heptane during 10 min. The precipitae was filtered and the solvent of the filtrate was evaporated to obtain an oil which crystallized slowly upon standing to yield 0.727 g (33%) 3f as colourless crystals.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 4.56 ppm (m, 4H, O-CH2), 1.99-1.89 (m, 3H), 1.79-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.06 (d, 3H, CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 172.70ppm, 171.09, 68.68, 35.56, 26.77, 19.31.

[0216] Example 3.1 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1-a (1-a) Thermal radical initiator 1-a was prepared as described in example 1 of WO2014064064A1. Example 4.1 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1A-a (1A-a) Thermal radical initiator 1A-a was prepared as described in example 13 of WO2014064064A1. Example 4.2 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1A-b 5.22 g (28mmol) Cyanurchloride was added slowly to a stirred solution of 6.94 g (70 mmol) 2i in 20 mL acetone at -9 °C. Then, 30 mL acetone was added to dissolve the precipitate formed. After stirring for 10 minutes 9.16 g (89.6 mmol) triethylamine was added dropwise during 1 h at a temperature of about -2 to 0 °C. Stirring was continued for 2 h during which the temperature rose to 1 °C. The resulting orange brownish mixture was slowly heated to 49 °C and stirred at that temperature for 1 h 30 minutes. The mixture was left at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered, the obtained precipitate was washed with acetone and the solvent of the filtrate was evaporated. The resulting brownish oil was dissolved in dichloromethane, subse- quently extracted with demineralised water, 5% sodium hydroxide, 2% lithium hydroxide, and twice with demineralsed water and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent of the organic phase was evaporated, and a brownish residue was obtained. The residue was dispersed in tert-butyl methyl ether, filtered, and the solvent of the filtrate was almost evaporated. A precipi- tate was formed, which was filtered, washed with some tert-butyl methyl ether and dried to yield 2.52g (25%) 1A-b as lightly beige crystals.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 3.68 ppm (q, 4H, N-CH2), 2.70 (m, 4H, CH2), 2.59 (m, 4H, CH2), 1.81 (m, 8H, CH2), 1.80 (m, 1H), 1.20 (t, 6H, CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 173.95 ppm, 172.67, 166.71, 41.03, 31.63, 29.38, 25.14, 24.65, 12.97. Example 4.3 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1A-c A suspension of 9.30 g (0.05 mol) 3a in 80 mL acetonitrile was added slowly during 5 minutes to a suspension of 17.94 g (0.1575 mol) 2k in 70 mL acetonitrile at 0 °C. Then, 22.5 mL (0.16 mol) triethylamine was added so that 15 °C was not surpassed. After the addition the mixture was first stirred for 45 minutes and subsequently heated to 40 °C for 19 hours. Then, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and the precipitate was filtered off. The mother liquor was evaporated, and a brown oil was obtained. The oil was dissolved in dichloromethane and puri- fied by chromatography to yield 2.0 g (13%) of 1A-c in slightly impure form as sticky oil.1H-NMR(CDCl3) δ = 3.62 ppm (q, 4H, NCH2), 2.63 (m, 4H, CH2), 2.37 (m, CH2), 1.74-1.55 (m, 12H CH2), 1.14 (t, 6H, CH2CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 172.64 ppm, 167.22, 166.60, 41.01, 32.13, 26.82, 26.71, 25.72, 25.50, 12.91.

[0217] Example 5.1 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1B-a Compound 2b (2.7 g, 15.7mol, purity 75%), prepared as described in example 1.1, was dis- solved in a mixture of THF (10 mL) and demineralised water (10 mL). To this solution potassium carbonate (2.77 g, 15.7 mmol) was added and a turbid yellowish solution was obtained. Com- pound 3c (1.18 g, 5.2 mmol), prepared as described in example 2.1, was added, and the mix- ture was heated to 40°C for 48 hours. The mixture was poured into demineralised water and the resulting yellow solution was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The resulting yellow oil was washed with brine and the aqueous phase was discarded. The resulting oil was dissolved in dichloromethane, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated.0.94 g (46% yield) of thermal radcal initiator 1B-a was obtained as off-white crystals.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 5.39 ppm (sept, 1H, CH(CH3)2), 3.31-3.23 (m, 8H, N-CH2), 3.17 / 3.15 (s, 6H, N-CH3), 2.82 / 2.81 (m, 6H, N-CH3), 1.38 (d, 6H, CH(CH3)2).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 174.15 ppm, 172.77, 160.50, 71.28, 51.24, 49.10, 37.65, 34.23, 21.78. Example 5.2 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1B-b Compound 2b (15 g, 0.11 mol, purity 75%), prepared as described in example 1.1, was recrys- tallized from cyclohexane, and then suspended in THF (50 mL). Sodium carbonate (15.98 g, 0.15mol) was added together with THF (30 mL) and the thus formed yellowish suspension was stirred for 2 hours 15 min at around 40°C. After cooling to 8°C a solution of compound 3c (11.12 g, 0.05 mol), prepared as described in example 2.1 and purified by vacuum distillation (111-113 °C, 9 mbar), in THF (30 mL) was added for 10 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 40°C and then cooled to room temperature. The white precipitate was filtered off and washed with THF. The filtrate was evaporated and the thus formed yellow oil was dispersed in water (150 mL). The colourless precipitated was filtered off and dried to yield 3.79 g (25% yield) of thermal radical initiator 1B-b as slightly yellowish powder.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 5.39 ppm (sept, 1H, CH(CH3)2), 3.35-3.26 (m, 4H, N-CH2), 3.17 (s, 3H, N-CH3), 2.82 (m, 3H, N-CH3), 1.41 (d, 6H, CH(CH3)2).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 172.97 ppm, 172.45, 171.66, 160.88, 72.96, 51.27, 49.05, 37.55, 34.10, 21.62.

[0218] Example 5.3

[0219] Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1B-c

[0220] Thermal radical initiator 1B-c was prepared as described in example 11 of W02014064064A1.

[0221] Example 5.4

[0222] Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1B-d

[0223] Thermal radical initiator 1B-d was prepared as described in example 9 of W02014064064A1. Example 5.5

[0224] Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1B-e

[0225] Thermal radical initiator 1B-e was prepared as described in example 10 of W02014064064A1. Example 5.6

[0226] Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1B-f

[0227] A solution of compound 3a (1.47 g, 7.8 mmol) in THF (7 mL) was added over 15 min to a stirred solution of compound 2e (4.50 g, 31.2 mmol), prepared as described in example 1.3, in pyridine (16 mL) at 0 °C. The obtained yellow orange suspension was allowed to warm to room tempera- ture and then stirred for 19 hours. The orange-red suspension was poured into demineralised water and stirred for 30 minutes. The aqueous solution was extracted three times with ethyl acetate, the combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The resulting brownish oil was dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with 5% aqueous HCl and subsequently with demineralised water. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to afford 2 g (49% yield) of thermal radical initiator 1B-f as dark yellow crystals.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 3.75 ppm (m, 12H, OCH2), 3.39 (m, 12H, NCH2), 2.18 (s, 9H, CH3).13C- NMR (CDCl3) δ = 174.00 ppm, 163.15, 66.38, 45.85, 12.31. Example 5.7 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1B-g A solution of compound 3a (3.15 g, 0.0169 mol) in THF (27 mL) was added slowly over 45 min to a stirred solution of compound 2d (12.2 g, 0.0676 mol), prepared as described in example 1.2, in pyridine (34 mL) at -10 °C. The obtained yellow suspension was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 20 hours. The resulting slightly brownish suspension was poured into demineralised water and stirred for 30 minutes. The obtained precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and dried under vakuum at room temperature to yield 8.36 g (86% yield) thermal initiator 1B-g as white crystals.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 7.41-7.37 ppm (m, 9H, Ph), 7.29- 7.25 (m, 6H, Ph), 2.84 (s, 18H, N(CH3)2).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 174.03ppm, 166.11, 131.30, 129.38, 128.50, 128.20, 38.87. Example 5.8 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1B-h Compound 2g (3.50 g, 18.7 mmol), prepared as described in example 1.4, was dissolved in pyridine (9 mL) and the resulting yellowish solution was cooled to - 10°C. To this solution a solu- tion of compound 3a (0.88 g, 4.7 mmol) dissolved in THF (8 mL) was aded in 2 minutes while stirring. The yellow suspension was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours and 15 minutes and subsequently at 40 °C for 18 hours. The suspension was poured into diluted HCl and stirred for 30 minutes. The formed suspension was extracted three times with dichloromethane, the combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate and evapo- rated. The resulting oil was digerated in cyclohexane (10 mL) and left standing over night. The precipitate was filtered off and washed again with cyclohexane and dried under vacuum at room temperature.1.82g (64%) compound 1B-h was obtained as colourless crystals.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 7.28-7.07 ppm (m, 12H, Ph), 2.84 (br, 18H, NCH3), 2.23 (dd, 9H, CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 174.08 ppm, 165.16, 135.51, 131.72, 130.09, 129.02, 127.56, 125.83, 38.11, 19.33. Example 5.9 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1B-i (1B-i) 4.99 g (0.044 mol) potassium tert-butylate was added to a suspension of 5.74 g (0.044 mol) recrystallised 2b in 50 mL THF. The mixture was diluted with additional 100 mL THF, and the hardly stirrable mixture obtained was heated for 2 h 20 min at 38 °C. After cooling to room tem- perature 4.68 g (0.02 mol) 3e, obtained as described in example 2.2, was added slowly during 10 min at below 31 °C. The yellowish milky suspension thus formed was stirred at room tem- perature overnight. The solvent was evaporated. The yellow, semitransparent residue obtained was dissolved in 250 mL demineralised water, stirred, and extracted using dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The honey like residue obtained was dissolved in ethanol and precipitated by water. The colourless precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum to yield 4.89 g (57%) 1B-i as colourless powder.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 5.21 ppm (sext, 1H, CH(CH3)(CH2), 3.32-3.23 (m, 8H, N-CH2), 3.17 (s, 6H, N-CH3), 2.82 (s, 6H, N-CH3), 1.80 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.34 (d, 3H, CH(CH3), 0.96 (t, 3H, CH2(CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 174.06 ppm, 172.86, 160.54, 75.94, 51.25, 49.12, 37.67, 34.24, 28.77, 19.10, 9.72. Example 5.11 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1B-j 0.686 g (5.3 mmol) of 2b was added portionwise during 5 minutes to a solution of 0.50 g (1.2 mmol) 3f, obtained as described in example 2.3, in 10 mL dichloromethane. Subsequently 6 ml 1M NaOH was added during 6 minutes under vigorous stirring. The mixture was stirred for 3 h at 30 °C. After cooling to room temperature, the organic layer was separated and extracted with 10 mL water and subsequently three times with 10 mL 1N hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid fractions were combined, and the pH value was adjusted to around 10 by using 1M sodium hydroxide. The mixture was extracted two times with 15 mL of dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were extracted with 15 mL demineralized water and dried over sodium sulfate. After filtration the solvent was evaporated, and the resulting oil was purified by column chroma- tography on silicagel using acetone and dichloromethane as mobile phase to yield 0.583g (62%) 1B-j as colourless wax.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 4.45ppm (m, 4H, O-CH2), 3.25 (m, 16H, CH2), 3.15 (s, 6H, CH3), 2.79 (s, 6H, CH3), 1.88 (m, 3H), 1.65 (m, 2H), 0.99 (d, 3H, CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 174.16ppm, 173.35, 160.54, 66.27, 51.32, 49.17, 37.75, 35.67, 34.28, 26.81, 19.39. Example 6.1 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1C-a

[0228] Compound 2i (3.74 g, 36.6mmol) was suspended in 30 mL demineralized water, then sodium carbonate (3.99 g, 36.6 mmol) was added. The resulting turbid suspension was cooled to 10 °C, then compound 3d (3.51 g, purity 89%, 12.2 mmol) was added. The greenish suspension was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 23 hours. The beige suspension was fil- tered, washed with demineralized water and dried under vacuum at room temperature.0.93 g (20%) of compound 1C-a was obtained as white crystals.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 8.51 ppm (d, 2H, Ar), 6.97 (d, 2H, Ar), 3.92 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.79 / 2.70 (m, 8H, CH2), 1.90 (m, 8H, CH2).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 176.49 ppm, 174.74, 171.88, 164.38, 131.80, 126.34, 114.09, 55.54, 31.68, 29.74, 25.25, 24.63. Example 6.2 Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1C-b A solution of 4.99 g (44 mmol) potassium tert-butylate in 25 ml dried THF was added to a solu- tion of 4.41 g (44 mmol) 2i in 5 ml dried THF. The formed white suspension was diluted with 50 mL dried THF and cooled to 14 °C using an ice bath.4.68g of 3e, prepared as described in ex- ample 2.2, was added slowly during 10 min while keeping the temperature at around 15 °C. The resulting slightly reddish suspension was heated to 38 °C and stirred for 90 minutes. The heat- ing was discontinued, and the mixture was stirred over night at room temperature. The reddish mixture was evaporated, and the resulting brownish oil was dissolved in tert-butyl methyl ether. The solution was extracted with demineralized water, 2% lithium hydroxide and demineralized water. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to yield 2.07 g (28%) brownish resin containing 1C-b and some residual tert-butyl methyl ether.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 5.26 ppm (sext, 1H, CH(CH3)(CH2), 2.71 (m, 4H, CH2), 2.62 (m, 4H, CH2),1.85 (m, 8H, CH2), 1.80- 1.65 (m, 3H), 1.33 (d, 3H, CH(CH3), 0.98 (t, 3H, CH2(CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 175.35ppm, 173.92, 173.13, 31.57, 29.58, 28.72, 25.18, 24.62, 19.13, 9.59. Example 7.1 Preparation of blue photo-curable and thermally curable compositions comprising the thermal radical initiator of examples 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 6.1, 6.2 and 10.1 respectively, and photoinitiator C6 A blue pigment dispersion was prepared by mixing the following components and dispersing them by using a paint conditioner (SKANDEX): 5.6 parts by weight PB15:6, Blue E provided by Toyo Ink (blue pigment) 0.6 parts by weight PV23, Cromophtal Violet GA provided by BASF (violet pigment) 2.6 parts by weight Ajisper PB821 provided by Ajinomoto Fine Techno (dispersing agent) 0.4 parts by weight EFKA6745 provided by BASF (polymeric synergist)

[0229] 19.6 parts by weight PGMEA (solvent)

[0230] Blue photocurable and thermally curable compositions comprising thermal radical initiators of examples 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1 , 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 6.1 , 6.2 and 10.1 re- spectively, were prepared by adding the following components to the above blue pigment dis- persion and dispersing them by using a paint conditioner (SKANDEX):

[0231] 2.6 parts by weight Ripoxy SPC-2000, provided by Shoko Highpolymer (38.8% solution of an acrylic polymer (made from benzyl acrylate, methyl acylate, acrylic acid) carrying COOH groups (alkaline solution soluble polymer solution)

[0232] 41.9 parts by weight PGMEA (solvent) 5.0 parts by weight DPHA, provided by Sigma-Aldrich (compound A) 0.4 parts by weight

[0233] 0.7 parts by weight thermal radical initiator.

[0234] Photoinitiator C6 was prepared according to the process described in example 18 of WO2012 / 045736 using 4-(2,2-difluoro-3,3-difluoro-propyl)-benzoyl chloride.

[0235] Example 7.2

[0236] Preparation of blue photo-curable and thermally curable compositions comprising the thermal radical initiator 1B-a of example 5.1 and photoinitiator C2, C7 and C8, respectively Blue photo-curable and thermally compositions were prepared in analogy to example 7.1 using the thermal radical inititiator 1B-a of example 5.1 , and, instead of 0.4 parts by weight photoinitia- tor C6, 0.8 parts by weight of photoinitiators C2, C7 and C8, respectively, of formulae and

[0237] Example 7.3

[0238] Preparation of blue photo-curable and thermally curable compositions comprising the thermal radical initiator 1B-a of example 5.1 or the thermal radical initiator 1 B-j of example 5.10 and photoinitiator C4

[0239] Blue pigment dispersion was prepared by mixing the following components and dispersing them by using a paint conditioner (SKANDEX).

[0240] 5.6 parts by weight PB15:6, Blue E provided by Toyo Ink (blue pigment)

[0241] 0.6 parts by weight PV23, Cromophtal Violet GA provided by BASF (violet pigment)

[0242] 2.6 parts by weight EFKA6745 provided by BASF (dispersing agent) 0.4 parts by weight Solsperse S5000 provided by Lubrizol provided by BASF (polymeric synergist)

[0243] 19.6 parts by weight PGMEA (solvent)

[0244] Blue photocurable and thermally curable compositions comprising thermal radical initiators of examples 5.1 and 5.10 respectively, were prepared by adding the following components to the above blue pigment dispersion and dispersing them by using a paint conditioner (SKANDEX):

[0245] 6.0 parts by weight Ripoxy SPC-2000, provided by Shoko Highpolymer (37.8% solution of an acrylic polymer (made from benzyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid) carrying COOH groups (alkaline solution soluble polymer solution)

[0246] 41.9 parts by weight PGMEA (solvent)

[0247] 5.0 parts by weight DPHA, provided by Sigma-Aldrich (compound A)

[0248] 0.7 parts by weight photoinitiator C4 of formula

[0249] 0.7 parts by weight thermal radical initiator

[0250] Photoinitiator C4 was prepared according to the process described in example 1 of US6596445B1 using 1-(4-phenylsulfanyl-phenyl)-1-octanone in the first step and benzoyl chlo- ride in the second step.

[0251] Example 7.4

[0252] Preparation of blue photo-curable and thermally curable compositions comprising the thermal radical initiator of examples 5.1 and 5.10, respectively, and photoinitiator C22

[0253] A blue pigment dispersion was prepared by mixing the following components and dispersing them by using a paint conditioner (SKANDEX):

[0254] 5.6 parts by weight PB15:6, Blue E provided by Toyo Ink (blue pigment)

[0255] 0.6 parts by weight PV23, Cromophtal Violet GA provided by BASF (violet pigment) 2.6 parts by weight Ajisper PB821 provided by Ajinomoto Fine Techno (dispersing agent) 0.4 parts by weight EFKA6745 provided by BASF (polymeric synergist)

[0256] 19.6 parts by weight PGMEA (solvent)

[0257] Blue photocurable and thermally curable compositions comprising thermal radical initiators of examples 5.1 and 5.10, respectively, were prepared by adding the following components to the above blue pigment dispersion and dispersing them by using a paint conditioner (SKANDEX):

[0258] 2.6 parts by weight Ripoxy SPC-2000, provided by Shoko Highpolymer (38.8% solution of an acrylic polymer (made from benzyl acrylate, methyl acylate, acrylic acid) carrying COOH groups (alkaline solution soluble polymer solution)

[0259] 41.9 parts by weight PGMEA (solvent)

[0260] 5.0 parts by weight DPHA, provided by Sigma-Aldrich (compound A)

[0261] 0.4 parts by weight photoinitiator C22 of formula

[0262] 0.7 parts by weight thermal radical initiator.

[0263] C22 was prepared as outlined in example 2 of US2015 / 0111152.

[0264] Example 7.5

[0265] Preparation of blue photo-curable and thermally curable compositions comprising the thermal radical initiator 1B-a of example 5.1 or the thermal radical initiator 1 B-j of example 5.10 and photoinitiator C5

[0266] Blue pigment dispersion was prepared by mixing the following components and dispersing them by using a paint conditioner (SKANDEX).

[0267] 5.6 parts by weight PB15:6, Blue E provided by Toyo Ink (blue pigment)

[0268] 0.6 parts by weight PV23, Cromophtal Violet GA provided by BASF (violet pigment)

[0269] 2.6 parts by weight EFKA6745 provided by BASF (dispersing agent) 0.4 parts by weight Solsperse S5000 provided by Lubrizol provided by BASF (polymeric synergist)

[0270] 19.6 parts by weight PGMEA (solvent)

[0271] Blue photocurable and thermally curable compositions comprising thermal radical initiators of examples 5.1 and 5.10 respectively, were prepared by adding the following components to the above blue pigment dispersion and dispersing them by using a paint conditioner (SKANDEX):

[0272] 6.0 parts by weight Ripoxy SPC-2000, provided by Shoko Highpolymer (37.8% solution of an acrylic polymer (made from benzyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid) carrying COOH groups (alkaline solution soluble polymer solution)

[0273] 41.9 parts by weight PGMEA (solvent)

[0274] 5.0 parts by weight DPHA, provided by Sigma-Aldrich (compound A)

[0275] 0.7 parts by weight photoinitiator C5 of formula

[0276] 0.7 parts by weight thermal radical initiator

[0277] Photoinitiator C5 was prepared according to the process described in example 1 of

[0278] WO02100903 using orf / io-toluoylchloride and octanoylchloride in the first step and benzoyl chlo- ride in the first step.

[0279] Example 8.1

[0280] Analysis of the curing behaviour of the blue photo-curable and thermally curable compositions of example 7.1 and 7.4

[0281] All operations were carried out under yellow light. The blue photocurable compositions of ex- ample 7.1 were applied to a glass plate using a spincoater. The solvent was removed by heat- ing at 60 °C for 10 minutes in a convection oven. Exposure to light was carried out using a 250 W super high pressure mercury lamp (LISHIO, USH-250BY) at 15 cm. A total light exposure dose measured by an optical power meter (ORC UV Light Measure Model LIV-M02 with UV-35 detector) on the glass filter is 100 mJ / cm2. After light exposure, the exposed film is baked at 100 °C for 120 minutes in a forced convention oven. The amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the pho- tocured layer was determined by measuring the IR absorption at 810 cm-1with a FT-IR spec- trometer (FT / IR-6000, JASCO) before light treatment, after light treatment and after heat treat- ment, and the C=C conversion was calculated as follows:

[0282] Light initiated C=C conversion (%) is [1 - (amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the photocured layer / amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the layer before light treatment)] x 100%

[0283] Overall C=C conversion (%) is [1 - (amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the photocured layer after heat treatment / amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the layer before light treatment)] x 100%

[0284] Heat initiated C=C conversion (%) is overall C=C conversion (%) - light initiated C=C conversion (%) The results are outlined in table 1.

[0285] A comparative blue composition was prepared in analogy to the blue photocurable and thermal- ly curable compositions of example 7.1, but not comprising a thermal radical initiator.

[0286] Table 1

[0287] The compositions of example 7.1 comprising thermal radical initiator 1 -a, 1A-a, 1A-b, 1A-c, 1B- a, 1B-b, 1B-c, 1B-d, 1B-e, 1 B-f , 1B-g, 1B-h, 1 B-i, 1 B-j, 1B-k, 1C-a, 1C-b and 1D-a, respec- tively, and 2.25 weight% photoinitiator C6 based on the solids of the composition as well as the the compositions of example 7.4 comprising thermal radical initiator 1B-a and 1 B-j, respectively, and 2.25 weight% photoinitiator C22 based on the solids of the composition form layers on a substrate, wherein

[0288] - at least 10% of the the ethylenically unsaturated groups are cured in the heat treatment step (heat-initiated C=C conversion), and

[0289] - at least 2% of the ethylenically unsaturated groups are cured in the light treatment step

[0290] (light-initiated C=C conversion) in a process, wherein the exposure dose in the light treatment step is 100 mJ / cm2(15 cm dis- tance between lamp and substrate) and werein the heat treatment step is performed at 100 °C for 120 minutes.

[0291] The presence of a photoinitiator allows photopatterning of the layer. Thus, the compositions of the present invention are suitable for use in photolithographic processes.

[0292] The compositions of example 7.1 comprising the thermal radical initiator 1B-a, 1B-b, 1B-c, 1B-d 1B-e, 1 B-f , 1B-g, 1B-h, 1 B-i and 1 B-j, respectively, and 2.25 weight% photoinitiator C6 based on the solids of the composition as well as the the compositions of example 7.4 comprising thermal radical initiator 1B-a and 1 B-j, respectively, and 2.25 weight% photoinitiator C22 based on the solids of the composition not only form layers on a substrate, wherein

[0293] - at least 10% of the the ethylenically unsaturated groups are cured in the heat treatment step (heat-initiated C=C conversion), but also wherein

[0294] - at least 15% of the ethylenically unsaturated groups are cured in the light treatment step

[0295] (light-initiated C=C conversion) in a process, wherein the exposure dose in the light treatment step is 100 mJ / cm2(15 cm dis- tance between lamp and substrate) and werein the heat treatment step is performed at 100 °C for 120 minutes.

[0296] For comparison, the other compositions of example 7.1 comprising thermal radical initiator 1 -a, 1A-a, 1A-b, 1A-c, 1C-a, 1C-b and 1D-a, respectively, and 2.25 weight% photoinitiator C6 based on the solids of the composition form layers on a substrate, wherein

[0297] - only below 7.5% of the ethylenically unsaturated groups are cured in the light treatment step (light-initiated C=C conversion) in a process, wherein the exposure dose in the light treatment step is 100 mJ / cm2(15 cm dis- tance between lamp and substrate) and werein the heat treatment step is performed at 100 °C for 120 minutes.

[0298] For comparison, the comparative composition comprising no thermal radical initiator, but only 2.25 weight% photoinitiator C6 based on the solids of the composition form a layer on a sub- strate, wherein

[0299] - 7.5% of the ethylenically unsaturated groups are cured in the light treatment step (light- initiated C=C conversion) in a process, wherein the exposure dose in the light treatment step is 100 mJ / cm2(15 cm dis- tance between lamp and substrate).

[0300] Thus, the presence of thermal radical initiator of formula 1 B such as 1 B-a, 1 B-b, 1 B-c, 1 B-d 1 B-e, 1 B-f , 1 B-g, 1 B-h, 1 B-i and 1 B-j respectively in compositions comprising at least one pho- toinitiator carrying at least one oxime ester group, such as photoinitaitor C6 and C22, increases the effectiveness of the light-initiated curing of the ethylenically unsaturated groups, such as acryloyl groups, present in the composition.

[0301] Thus, the combination of thermal radical initiators of formula 1 B and a photoinitiator carrying at least one oxime ester group, such as photoinitaitor C6 and C22, shows a synergistic effect re- garding the effectiveness of light-initated curing of ethylenically unsaturated groups, such as acryloyl groups.

[0302] Example 8.2

[0303] Analysis of the light curing behaviour of the blue photo-curable and thermally curable composi- tions of example 7.2

[0304] The blue photocurable and thermally compositions of example 7.2 were applied to a glass plate and treated with light in analogy to example 8.1.

[0305] Comparative blue compositions were also prepared in analogy to blue photocurable and ther- mally curable compositions of example 7.2, but not comprising the thermal radical initiator 1 B-a of example 5.1.

[0306] The amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the photocured layer was determined by measuring the IR absorption at 810 cm-1with a FT-IR spectrometer (FT / IR-6000, JASCO) before and after light treatment and the Light initiated C=C conversion was calculated as follows:

[0307] Light initiated C=C conversion (%) is [1 - (amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the photocured layer / amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the layer before light treatment)] x 100% The results are outlined in table 2.

[0308] Table 2

[0309] Table 2 also contains the results of table 1 for the Light-initiated C=C conversion of the compo- sition of example 7.1 comprising the thermal radical initiator 1B-a and photoinitiator C6.

[0310] Table 2 shows that thermal radical initiator 1B-a does not have an effect on the curing in the light treatment step for compositions comprising photoinitiator C2, C7 or C8. The light-initiated C=C conversion for compositions of example 7.2 comprising thermal radical initiator 1B-a and photoinitiator C2, C7 and C8, respectively, is about the same compared to the light-initiated C=C conversion of the same compositions but not comprising thermal radical initiator 1B-a. However, as also already shown in table 1 , thermal radical initiator 1B-a increases the effec- tiveness of the curing in the light treatment step for compositions comprising photoinitiator C6. The light-initiated C=C conversion for the composition of example 7.1 comprising thermal radi- cal initiator 1B-a and photoinitiator C6 is 31.3% whereas the light-initiated C=C conversion of the same compositions but not comprising thermal radical initiator 1B-a is 7.5%. This effect is achieved although the amount of photoinitiator in the composition of example 7.1 is 2.25% by weight based on the weight of the solids of the composition, whereas the amount of photoinitia- tor in the composition of example 7.2 is 5.0% by weight based on the weight of the solids of the composition.

[0311] Example 8.3

[0312] Analysis of the curing behaviour of the blue photo-curable and thermally curable compositions of example 7.3 and example 7.5

[0313] All operations were carried out under yellow light. The blue photocurable compositions of ex- ample 7.3 were applied to a glass plate using a spincoater. The solvent was removed by heat- ing at 60 °C for 10 minutes in a convection oven. Exposure to light was carried out using a 250 W super high pressure mercury lamp (LISHIO, USH-250BY) at 15 cm. A total light exposure dose measured by an optical power meter (ORC UV Light Measure Model LIV-M02 with UV-35 detector) on the glass filter is 150 mJ / cm2. After light exposure, the exposed film is baked at 100 °C for 120 minutes in a forced convention oven. The amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the pho- tocured layer was determined by measuring the IR absorption at 810 cm-1with a FT-IR spec- trometer (FT / IR-6000, JASCO) before light treatment, after light treatment and after heat treat- ment, and the C=C conversion was calculated as follows:

[0314] Light initiated C=C conversion (%) is [1 - (amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the photocured layer / amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the layer before light treatment)] x 100%

[0315] Overall C=C conversion (%) is [1 - (amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the photocured layer after heat treatment / amount of C=C bonds of DPHA in the layer before light treatment)] x 100%

[0316] Heat initiated C=C conversion (%) is overall C=C conversion (%) - light initiated C=C conversion (%)

[0317] A comparative blue composition was also prepared in analogy the blue photocurable and ther- mally curable compositions of example 7.3, but comprising no thermal radical initiator 1B-a or 1 B-j.

[0318] A comparative blue composition was also prepared in analogy the blue photocurable and ther- mally curable compositions of example 7.3, but comprising 0.7 weight parts of the photosensiz- izer 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) instead of 0.7 weight parts thermal radical initiator 1B-a or 1 B-j.

[0319] A comparative blue composition was also prepared in analogy the blue photocurable and ther- mally curable compositions of example 7.5, but comprising no thermal radical initiator 1B-a or 1 B-j.

[0320] The results are outlined in table 3.

[0321] Table 3

[0322] The compositions of example 7.3 comprising the thermal radical initiator 1B-a and 1 B-j, respec- tively and 4.5 weight% photoinitiator C4 or C5 based on the solids of the composition not only form layers on a substrate, wherein

[0323] - at least 10% of the the ethylenically unsaturated groups are cured in the heat treatment step (heat-initiated C=C conversion), but also wherein

[0324] - at least 15% of the ethylenically unsaturated groups are cured in the light treatment step

[0325] (light-initiated C=C conversion) in a process, wherein the exposure dose in the light treatment step is 150 mJ / cm2(15 cm dis- tance between lamp and substrate) and werein the heat treatment step is performed at 100 °C for 120 minutes.

[0326] The comparative composition comprising 4.5 weight% ITX based on the solids of the composi- tion instead of 1B-a or 1 B-j, and photoinitiator C4 form a layer on a substrate, wherein

[0327] - only 7.5% of the the ethylenically unsaturated groups are cured in the heat treatment step

[0328] (heat-initiated C=C conversion), in a process, wherein the exposure dose in the light treatment step is 150 mJ / cm2(15 cm dis- tance between lamp and substrate) and werein the heat treatment step is performed at 100 °C for 120 minutes.

[0329] For comparison, the comparative composition comprising no thermal radical initiator, but only 4.5 weight% photoinitiator C4 or C5 based on the solids of the composition form a layer on a substrate, wherein

[0330] - only below 7.5% of the ethylenically unsaturated groups are cured in the light treatment step (light-initiated C=C conversion) in a process, wherein the exposure dose in the light treatment step is 150 mJ / cm2(15 cm dis- tance between lamp and substrate).

[0331] Example 9.1

[0332] Preparation of a pattern on a substrate using blue photo-curable and thermally curable compo- sitions of example 7.1 comprising thermal radical initiator 1B-a, 1B-b, 1B-d, 1B-e, 1B-f and 1B- h, respectively

[0333] All operations were carried out under yellow light. The photocurable and thermally curable com- positions of example 7.1 comprising thermal radical initiator 1B-a, 1B-b, 1B-d, 1B-e, 1B-f and 1B-h, respectively, and photoinitiator C6 were applied to a glass substrate using a spincoater. The solvent was removed by heating at 60 °C for 10 minutes in a convection oven. The thick- ness of the dry film was approximately 1.5 p.m. A stepwise pattern mask with different light width from 3 p.m to 50 p.m is placed on the resist directly. Exposure to light was carried out using a 250 W super high pressure mercury lamp (LISHIO, USH-250BY, maximum output at wavelength 436, 405, 365 nm and 313 nm) at a distance of 15 cm. A total light exposure dose measured by an optical power meter (ORC UV Light Measure Model LIV-M02 with UV-35 detector) on the glass filter is 70 mJ / cm2. After light exposure, the exposed film is developed with an alkaline solution (5 % aqueous solution of DL-A4, YOKOHAMA OILS & FATS) for 30 seconds after break time at 25 °C by using a spray type developer (AD-1200, MIKASA). Break time is the de- velopment time of the unexposed region. A pattern on the glass substrate was obtained, which was baked at 100 °C for 120 minutes in a forced convection oven.

[0334] When using the comparative composition, which is identical to the composition of example 7.1 , but comprising no thermal radical initiator in the same process, no pattern remained on the glass after the development with alkaline solution.

[0335] Example 10.1

[0336] Preparation of thermal radical initiator 1 D-a

[0337] A solution of 1.51 g (8 mmol) of trichlorotriazine (3a) in 13 mL of THF was added dropwise to a solution of 4.1 g (32 mmol) 2j, prepared as described in example 1.5, in 16 mL of pyridine at 0 °C over 20 minutes. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 25 h and subse- quently at 40 °C for 3 h. The mixture was added to water and extracted with tert-butyl methyl ether. The organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated. The orange residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and filtered through silica gel and ex- tracted by means of ethyl acetate. The solvent was evaporated to yield 3.50 g (70%) 1D-a as orange solid.1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 7.45 ppm (m, 6H), 7.23 (m, 6H), 2.41 (s, 9H, CH3), 1.97 (s, 9H, CH3).13C-NMR (CDCl3) δ = 173.80 ppm, 164.34, 140.64, 136.22, 130.29, 124.57, 21.32, 20.09.

Claims

Claims 1. A composition comprising (i) at least one compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A), (ii) at least one thermal radical initiator (B) of formulawherein n is 1 or 2 R1and R2independently from each other are H, NR6R7, COR6, COOR6, CONR6R7, CN, Y-R10, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein Y is O or S, R10is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R6and R7are independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14- aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6and R7together with the N-atom, to which R6and R7are connected, form a 5 to 8 mem- bered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or sub- stituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, orR1and R2together with the C-atom, to which R1and R2are connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic saturated or un- saturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R3is F, Cl, -(L)m-X-R5, NR8R9or -O-N=CR1R2, X is O or S, R5is H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8- cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, L is C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, m is 0 or 1, R8and R9are independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14- aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8and R9together with the N-atom, to which R8and R9are connected, form a 5 to 8 mem- bered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or sub- stituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and If n is 1, R4is F, Cl, -(L)m-X-R5, NR8R9or -O-N=CR1R2, If n is 2, R4is a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercaptoalcohol, and (iii) at least one photoinitiator (C).

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one thermal radical initiator (B) is of for- mulawherein nAis 1 or 2 R1Aand R2Aindependently from each other are H, COR6A, COOR6A, CONR6AR7A, CN, YA- R10A, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein YAis O or S, R10Ais C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, R6Aand R7Aare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Aand R7Atogether with the N- atom, to which R6Aand R7Aare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy,or R1Aand R2Atogether with the C-atom, to which R1Aand R2Aare connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R8Aand R9Aare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8Aand R9Atogether with the N- atom, to which R8Aand R9Aare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and if nAis 1, R4Ais F, Cl, -(LA)mA-XA-R5A, NR8AR9Aor -O-N=CR1AR2A, XAis O or S, R5Ais H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, LAis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, mAis 0 or 1, if nAis 2, R4Ais a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mer- captoalcohol, nBis 1 or 2 R6Band R7Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Band R7Btogether with the N-atom, to which R6Band R7Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or sub-stituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R2Bis H, NR6BR7B, COR6B, COOR6B, CONR6BR7B, CN, YB-R10B, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is un- substituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consist- ing of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein YBis O or S, R10Bis C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R7Band R2Btogether with the N-atom, to which R7Bis connected, and together with the C- atom, to which R2Bis connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R3Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, XBis O or S, R5Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, LBis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, mBis 0 or 1, R8Band R9Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8Band R9Btogether with the N- atom, to which R8Band R9Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy,and If nBis 1, R4Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, If nBis 2, R4Bis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mer- captoalcohol, ncis 1 or 2 R1cand R2cindependently from each other are H, COR6C, COOR6C, CONR6CR7C, CN, Y- R10C, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein YCis O or S, R10Cis C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, R6Cand R7Care independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Cand R7Ctogether with the N- atom, to which R6Cand R7Care connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R1cand R2Ctogether with the C-atom, to which R1Cand R2Care connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic saturated or unsatu- rated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, XCis O or S, R5cis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, Lcis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, mCis 0 or 1, and If ncis 1, R4Cis F, Cl, -(Lc)mc-X-R5cor -O-N=CR1cR2c, If ncis 2, R4cis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mer- captoalcohol, nDis 1 or 2 ZDis O or S, R7Dis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R2Dis H, COR6D, COOR6D, CONR6DR7D, CN, YD-R10D, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstitut- ed or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein YDis O or S, R6Dis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R10Dis C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, R3Dis F, Cl or -O-N=C(ZDR7D)R2D, and If nDis 1, R4Dis F, Cl or -O-N=C(ZDR7D)R2D,If nDis 2, R4Dis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mer- captoalcohol.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one thermal radical initiator (B) is of for- mulawherein nBis 1 or 2 R6Band R7Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Band R7Btogether with the N-atom, to which R6Band R7Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or sub- stituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5- 8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R2Bis H, NR6BR7B, COR6B, COOR6B, CONR6BR7B, CN, YB-R10B, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is un- substituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consist- ing of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein YBis O or S, R10Bis C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, andR7Band R2Btogether with the N-atom, to which R7Bis connected, and together with the C- atom, to which R2Bis connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R3Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, XBis O or S, R5Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, LBis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, mBis 0 or 1, R8Band R9Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8Band R9Btogether with the N- atom, to which R8Band R9Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and If nBis 1, R4Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, If nBis 2, R4Bis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mer- captoalcohol.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one thermal radical initiator (B) is of for- mulaorwherein nB”is 1 or 2 R6B”is H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R7B”and R2B”together with the N-atom, to which R7B”is connected, and together with the C-atom, to which R2B”is connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy R3B”is F, Cl, -(LB”)mB”-XB”-R5B”, NR8B”R9B”or -O-N=C(NR6B”R7B”)R2B”, XB”is O or S, R5Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, LB”is C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or moresubstituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, mB”is 0 or 1, R8B”and R9B”are independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8B”and R9B”together with the N-atom, to which R8B”and R9B”are connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic satu- rated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and If nB”is 1, R4B”is F, Cl, -(LB”)mB”-XB”-R5B”, NR8B”R9B”or -O-N=C(NR6B”R7B”)R2B”, If nB”is 2, R4B”is a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercaptoalcohol, R6B#and R7B#are independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstitut- ed or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1- 12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6B#and R7B#together with the N-atom, to which R6B#and R7B#are connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R2B#is H, NR6B#R7B#, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy.

5. The composition of claim 4, wherein in formulae 1B” and 1B# nB”is 1 or 2 R6B”is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substi- tuted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, and R7B”and R2B”together with the N-atom, to which R7B”is connected, and together with the C-atom, to which R2B”is connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl and C5-8- cycloalkyl,R3B”is F, Cl, -(LB”)mB”-XB”-R5B”or -O-N=C(NR6B”R7B”)R2B”, XB”is O, R5B”is C1-18-alkyl or C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, LB”is C1-18-alkylene, C3-12- cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubsti- tuted or substituted with one or more substituents C1-12-alkyl, mB”is 0 or 1, If nB”is 1, R4B”is F, Cl, -(LB”)mB”-XB”-R5B”or -O-N=C(NR6B”R7B”)R2B”, If nB”is 2, R4B”is a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mercaptoalcohol, R6B#and R7B#are independently from each other C1-18-alkyl and C3-12-cycloalkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-12-alkyl, or R6B#and R7B#together with the N-atom, to which R6B#and R7B#are connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-12-alkyl, and R2B#is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl.

6. The composition of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition comprises 2 to 80% by weight of the compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically un- saturated group (A), 0.1 to 20% by weight of the thermal radical initiator (B), and 0.1 to 20% by weight of the photoinitiator (C) based on the weight of the solids of the composition.

7. The composition of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one ethylenically unsaturated group of compound or oligomer (A) carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, is selected from the group consisting of acryloyl and methacryloyl groups.

8. The composition of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one photoinitiator (C) is a compound carrying at least one oxime ester group.

9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the at least one photoinitiator (C) is a compound car- rying (i) at least one oxime ester group of formulawherein R20is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl wherein said C1-18-alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl,wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsustituted or sub- sitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein R40, R41and R42are selected from the group consisting of H, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl and C2-14-heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl can be subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein R21is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl wherein said C1-18-alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl,wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsubstituted or sub- sitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy,wherein R40, R41and R42are selected from the group consisting of H, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl and C2-14-heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C1- 12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl can be subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, (ii) at least one group selected from the group consisting ofwherein R23is C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl wherein said C1-18-alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl,wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsubstituted or sub- sitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein R40, R41and R42are selected from the group consisting of H, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl and C2-14-heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C1- 12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl, wherein said C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl can be subsitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, R24and R25are independently H, C1-18-alkyl, C2-18-alkenyl, C2-18-alkinyl or C3-12- cycloalkyl, wherein said C1-18-alkyl, C2-18-alkenyl, C2-18-alkinyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitutents selected from the group consisting of C5-8-cycloalkyl, 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy, S-C1-12-alkyl,wherein said C5-8-cycloalkyl, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl are unsubstituted or sub- sitituted with one or more halogen or C1-6-alkoxy, wherein R40, R41and R42are selected from the group consisting of H, C5-8-cycloalkyl, halogen, C1-12-alkoxy and S-C1-12-alkyl, and (iii) at least one keto-type C=O group or one -NO2 group.

10. The composition of any of claims 1 to 9, which also comprises at least one oligomer or polymer (D), which is soluble in alkaline solution.

11. A process for forming a cured layer on a substrate, which processes comprises the steps of (i) applying the composition of any of claims 1 to 10 on a substrate to form a layer (ii) drying the layer of step (i) (iii) treating the layer of step ((ii) with light, followed by heat treatment, or heating the layer of step (ii), followed by light treatment.

12. A process for forming a cured pattern on a substrate, which processes comprises the steps of (i) applying the composition of any of claims 1 to 10 on a substrate to form a layer, (ii) drying the layer of step (i) (iii) treating the layer of step (ii) with light using a mask to form a layer comprising light- treated and not light-treated parts (iv) treating the layer of step (iii) with a developer to form a pattern (v) heating the pattern of step (iv).

13. The process of claim 12, wherein the developer is an alkaline solution.

14. A cured layer formed by the process of claim 11.

15. A cured pattern formed by the process of claim 12 or 13.

16. A device comprising at least one cured layer of claim 14 or at least one cured pattern of claim 15.

17. The device of claim 16, wherein the device is a printed circuit board, an integrated circuit, a color filter array, a liquid crystal display, organic light emitting diode display or a white organic light emitting diode display.

18. Use of a thermal radical initiator (B) of formulawherein nBis 1 or 2R6Band R7Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Band R7Btogether with the N-atom, to which R6Band R7Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or sub- stituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R2Bis H, NR6BR7B, COR6B, COOR6B, CONR6BR7B, CN, YB-R10B, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is un- substituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consist- ing of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, wherein YBis O or S, R10Bis C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R6Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12- cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more sub- stituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R7Band R2Btogether with the N-atom, to which R7Bis connected, and together with the C- atom, to which R2Bis connected, and which is marked with *, form a 4 to 12 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and R3Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, XBis O or S, R5Bis H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, LBis C1-18-alkylene, C3-12-cycloalkylene or C6-14-arylene, wherein C3-12-cycloallykene and C6-14-arylene are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halo- gen and C1-12-alkoxy, mBis 0 or 1,R8Band R9Bare independently from each other H, C1-18-alkyl, C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl or C2-14-heteroaryl, wherein said C3-12-cycloalkyl, C6-14-aryl, C2-14-heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-12- alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, or R8Band R9Btogether with the N- atom, to which R8Band R9Bare connected, form a 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated ring, which ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substitu- ents selected from the group consisting of C1-12-alkyl, C5-8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, halogen and C1-12-alkoxy, and If nBis 1, R4Bis F, Cl, -(LB)mB-XB-R5B, NR8BR9Bor -O-N=C(NR6BR7B)R2B, If nBis 2, R4Bis a difunctional group derived from a diol, diamine, an aminoalcohol or mer- captoalcohol. in compositions comprising (i) at least one compound or oligomer carrying at least one ethylenically unsaturated group (A) and (ii) at least one photoinitiator (C), which is a com- pound carrying at least one oxime ester group, for increasing the light induced curing of the ethylenically unsaturated groups.

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