Vessels for use in energy handling systems

Abstract

A vessel (101) for use in an energy exchange unit (100) is described. The vessel (101) comprises an inner surface (150). At least a portion of the inner surface (150) is provided with a protective material (200) to prevent damage to a balloon (160) fixed within the vessel (101) and further contacting the inner surface (150) of the vessel (101) when the balloon (160) is expanded. In some embodiments, the protective material (200) prevents the balloon from entering an assembly gap between different parts forming the vessel.

Description

Technical field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy handling systems, and more specifically to vessels used in such systems, as well as corresponding energy conversion units and energy handling systems using them.Background of the invention

[0002] Energy handling systems, such as heat exchange units, are essential for the conversion, storage, and transmission of energy across various applications. A wide number of energy handling systems is available on the market, nevertheless, only few of them are really efficient. An example of a really efficient energy handling system is described in European patent application EP4224103, describing a system using a balloon mounted in a vessel to facilitate energy handling processes. The balloon functions by expanding and contracting, thereby enabling the system to handle energy efficiently through mechanisms like heat exchange, pressure regulation, and volume adjustment.

[0003] In the operation of the units, the balloons undergo repeated expansion and contraction cycles within the vessel. This dynamic interaction can introduce challenges related to mechanical stress and wear over time. Factors such as pressure fluctuations, temperature variations, and physical contact with the vessel's interior surfaces can affect the performance and longevity of these components.

[0004] Additionally, the design and construction of the vessel itself can influence the reliability of the energy exchange unit. Vessels are typically assembled from multiple parts, which may result in seams or gaps on the inner surface. During operation, these assembly gaps can become focal points for stress or movement that impact the balloons housed within.

[0005] Maintaining the integrity of the balloons is essential for the consistent and efficient operation of these energy exchange units. Wear and potential damage resulting from operational conditions pose ongoing concerns in the industry. Addressing these issues is important for enhancing the durability, safety, and overall performance of these energy exchange systems.

[0006] Hence, there is still a need for further advancements in the field to address at least some of these challenges.Summary of the Invention

[0007] It is an object of embodiments of the present invention to provide a vessel for an energy exchange unit that prevents damage to a balloon fixed within the vessel during operation. This objective is accomplished by aspects of the present invention.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a vessel for use in an energy exchange unit, the vessel comprising an inner surface, wherein at least a portion of the inner surface is provided with a protective material to prevent damage to a balloon which is fixed within the vessel and which is contacting the inner surface of the vessel when the balloon is expanded.

[0009] In embodiments, the protective material may comprise a rubber material vulcanized on the inner surface of the vessel. This ensures a strong bond between the protective material and the vessel wall. Furthermore, the protective material provides a soft surface so that contact with the balloon is smooth.

[0010] In embodiments, the protective material may have a thickness between 0,01 mm and 10 mm, for example between 0,01mm and 5mm, such as for example between 0,01mm and 3mm. This range provides adequate protection for the balloons while minimizing the impact on vessel volume.

[0011] In embodiments, the protective material may be positioned over an assembly gap between different parts of the vessel such that it prevents a balloon mounted in the vessel from entering the assembly gap. This prevents the balloon from getting caught or damaged in the gaps.

[0012] In embodiments, the protective material may at least partly fill an assembly gap between parts forming the vessel. This provides a smooth, continuous surface for the balloon to contact.

[0013] In embodiments, the protective material may be present over at least 75% of the entire inner surface of the vessel that may be in contact with the balloon during operation, e.g. over at least 90% of the entire inner surface of the vessel that may be in contact with the balloon during operation. This extensive coverage maximizes protection for the balloon.

[0014] In embodiments, the inner surface may not comprise holes for providing fluid to the vessel or for removing fluid from the vessel, and the protective material may be present over the entire inner surface of the vessel. This allows for complete coverage when fluid transfer holes are not needed.

[0015] The vessel may be assembled from multiple vessel components and may comprise at least one connection element extending along the full length of the vessel's longitudinal direction and assembling at least a plurality of said multiple vessel components. The at least one connection element may in some embodiments be positioned centrally within a volume of the vessel wherein typically an operational fluid is present.

[0016] The at least one connection element may comprise a rod-like structure.

[0017] The vessel components may comprise at least one of end caps, cylindrical sections, conical sections, complementary shaped parts and / or other suitably shaped parts allowing to fix a balloon between these parts by pressing them together.

[0018] The vessel may comprise sealing elements between adjacent vessel components.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to an energy exchange unit comprising a vessel according to any embodiments of the first aspect, and a balloon fixed within the vessel, wherein the balloon is configured to contact the inner surface of the vessel when expanded, and the protective material prevents damage to the balloon during expansion and contraction within the vessel.

[0020] In embodiments, the balloon may comprise a tube shaped portion for filling a volume between the balloon and the vessel with a fluid. This allows for efficient fluid transfer to control balloon expansion. The tube shaped portion may be arranged such that it allows transfer of fluid in a region outside the balloon but surrounded by the balloon.

[0021] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to use of a vessel according to any embodiments of the first or second aspects in an energy exchange unit, wherein the protective material on the inner surface of the vessel prevents damage to a balloon fixed within the vessel during expansion and contraction within the energy exchange process.

[0022] It is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that damage to the balloon is prevented during expansion and contraction within the vessel, enhancing the durability and longevity of the energy exchange unit. It is a further advantage of embodiments of the present invention that a protective material covering at least a portion, or substantially all, of the inner surface of the vessel provides a smooth barrier between the balloon and the vessel wall, minimizing wear and tear. It is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that filling assembly gaps between parts forming the vessel with protective material prevents the balloon from extending into these gaps, thereby reducing the risk of rupture. It is a further advantage of embodiments of the present invention that the use of a vulcanized rubber material adheres firmly to the inner surface of the vessel, providing a robust and long-lasting protective layer. It is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that the protective material can have a thickness optimized between 0.01 mm and 10 mm, e.g. 0.01mm and 3mm, balancing effective protection with minimal impact on the internal volume of the vessel. It is a further advantage of embodiments of the present invention that covering at least 75%, and preferably over 90%, of the inner surface that may contact the balloon ensures comprehensive protection during operation. It is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that by preventing damage to the balloon and maintaining its integrity, the reliability and efficiency of the energy exchange unit are improved, while efficient energy handling is maintained through controlled thermodynamic processes.

[0023] Another aspect relates to maintaining the vessel's rigidity and stability when integrating features that allow for fluid transfer. Modifications to the vessel wall, such as openings or ports, can introduce weaknesses or stress concentrations that compromise its structural strength. This can lead to issues such as deformation, leaks, or even catastrophic failure under operational conditions. Another concern is the potential for damage to the balloon caused by contact with the inner surface of the vessel. The interaction between the balloon material and the vessel wall can result in abrasion, punctures, or degradation over time. This not only reduces the lifespan of the balloon but can also lead to decreased performance or failure of the energy exchange unit. Protecting the balloon from such damage is crucial for the reliability and efficiency of the system.

[0024] Hence this aspect provides a balloon for use in an energy handling system based on a vessel and a balloon mounted therein, the balloon comprising a balloon wall defining an inner volume of the balloon to be filled with a balloon fluid and furthermore comprising at least one tubular shaped portion (also referred to as tube shaped portion) for transporting a fluid through a region outside of but surrounded by the inner volume of the balloon.

[0025] In embodiments, the balloon wall may comprise at least two or even more tube shaped portions for transporting a fluid through a region outside of but surrounded by the inner volume of the balloon.

[0026] In another aspect, an energy handling system is disclosed comprising an energy exchange unit comprising: a vessel, and a balloon according to the aspect described above, the balloon being fixed within the vessel.

[0027] In embodiments, the inner vessel wall that contacts the balloon when in operation may be completely covered by a protective layer. This decreases the risk of damage to the balloon by the vessel wall. The protective material may comprise a rubber material vulcanized on the inner surface of the vessel. This provides a durable and resilient protective layer. The protective material may have a thickness between 0.1 mm and 10 mm. This range offers an optimal balance between protection and space efficiency inside the vessel.

[0028] It is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that no filling holes are required in the vessel wall, which can enhance the rigidity and stability of the vessel. Moreover, it is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that the inner vessel wall of the vessel that contacts the balloon can be completely covered with a protective layer. This can be advantageous since the risk of damage to the balloon by the vessel wall can be decreased or even avoided.

[0029] Another aspect is related to assembling vessels from multiple components while maintaining structural integrity and ensuring proper alignment. The assembly process must account for the longitudinal stability of the vessel, especially in applications where the vessel is subject to varying pressures and temperatures. Ensuring that all components are securely connected along the full length of the vessel is essential to prevent leaks and mechanical failures.

[0030] In this aspect, a vessel for use in an energy handling system is described, the vessel being assembled from multiple vessel components and comprising at least one connection element extending along the full length of the vessel's longitudinal direction and assembling at least a plurality of said multiple vessel components.

[0031] In embodiments, the at least one connection element may be positioned within a volume of the vessel wherein typically an operational fluid is present. This allows for efficient assembly and structural integrity. The at least one connection element may be centrally positioned within the vessel. This provides a balanced and stable configuration.

[0032] The at least one connection element may be positioned outside a volume of the vessel wherein operational fluids are present. This prevents interference with the operational fluids. The vessel may comprise at least two connection elements positioned above and below the volume of the vessel wherein operational fluids are present. This provides additional structural support.

[0033] The at least one connection element may comprise a rod-like structure. This allows for easy insertion and removal. The at least one connection element may be detachably connected to the vessel components. This facilitates maintenance and replacement. The vessel components may comprise at least one of end caps, cylindrical sections, or conical sections. This enables customization of the vessel shape. The vessel may comprise at least two parts complementary in shape so as to be able to fix one end of a balloon the two parts by pressing the balloon in between the parts during assembly. This provides a secure and leak-proof connection.

[0034] The vessel may further comprise sealing elements between adjacent vessel components. This prevents leakage of operational fluids.

[0035] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method of assembling an energy exchange unit, the method comprising assembling a vessel from multiple vessel components by connecting at least a plurality of said multiple vessel components with at least one connection element extending along the full length of the vessel's longitudinal direction.

[0036] The method may further comprise fixing an elongated balloon at one end side in the vessel by pressing it between two complementary shaped parts. This provides a tight and secure balloon attachment. The method may further comprise fixing another end of the elongated balloon at another end of the vessel by also pressing it between complementary shaped parts. This completes the balloon attachment process. It is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that the vessel comprises at least two complementary-shaped parts that fix one end of the balloon by pressing it between them during assembly, ensuring secure attachment.

[0037] In embodiments, assembling the vessel may comprise positioning the at least one connection element within a volume to be defined by the balloon. This ensures proper alignment of the connection element. It is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that both ends of the elongated balloon can be fixed by pressing between complementary-shaped parts, providing stability and preventing leakage.

[0038] It is an advantage of some embodiments of the present invention that positioning the connection element within the volume determined by the balloon allows the balloon and vessel to surround it, enhancing structural integrity and efficient use of space. It is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that a centrally positioned connection element within the vessel can improve balance and support for the energy exchange unit. It is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that assembling the vessel with the connection element positioned within the volume defined by the balloon allows for streamlined assembly procedures and enhanced performance of the energy exchange unit.

[0039] Particular and preferred aspects of the invention are set out in the accompanying independent and dependent claims. Features from the dependent claims may be combined with features of the independent claims and with features of other dependent claims as appropriate and not merely as explicitly set out in the claims.

[0040] The different aspects may be combined with each other, resulting in optimized systems.

[0041] The above and other characteristics, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. This description is given for the sake of example only, without limiting the scope of the invention. The reference figures quoted below refer to the attached drawings.Brief description of the drawings

[0042] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an energy handling system wherein a balloon according to an embodiment of the present invention can be used. FIG. 2 illustrates a heat exchange unit as can be used in an energy handling system wherein balloons according to embodiments of the present invention can be used. FIG. 3 illustrates possible thermodynamic conditions as can be obtained using an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 illustrates a vessel with an assembly gap covered with protective material, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 illustrates a vessel wherein the full contact surface is covered with protective material, according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 illustrates an energy exchange unit with a balloon having a tube shaped portion for allowing transport of fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 illustrate vessels assembled from vessel components using connection elements, according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] In the different figures, the same reference signs refer to the same or analogous elements.Detailed description of Illustrative Embodiments

[0044] The present invention will be described with respect to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings but the invention is not limited thereto but only by the claims. The drawings described are only schematic and are non-limiting. In the drawings, the size of some of the elements may be exaggerated and not drawn on scale for illustrative purposes. The dimensions and the relative dimensions do not correspond to actual reductions to practice of the invention.

[0045] The following terms are provided solely to aid in the understanding of the invention.

[0046] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term "energy handling system" refers to a system designed for transferring, storing, converting, or managing energy in various forms within applications such as power generation, heating and cooling, energy storage, or fluid processing installations.

[0047] Examples of specific embodiments of an "energy handling system" include thermal energy storage units, heat exchangers, compressed air energy storage systems and fluid processing systems where energy is managed through the use of vessels and operational fluids.

[0048] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term "protective material" refers to any substance applied to the inner surface of the vessel that serves to prevent physical harm to the balloon during its expansion and contraction, such as abrasion, puncture, or wear.

[0049] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the phrase "rubber material vulcanized on the inner surface" means a rubber composition that has been chemically cured and bonded directly onto the inner surface of the vessel through a vulcanization process, resulting in a durable and elastic protective layer. Examples of suitable rubber materials include natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (IIR), and silicone rubber, vulcanized under conditions such as temperatures between 140°C and 180°C and pressures sufficient to achieve proper adhesion and curing.

[0050] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term "vulcanization" refers to the chemical process of curing rubber or elastomeric materials by forming crosslinks between polymer chains, typically achieved by heating the rubber with sulfur or other equivalent curatives, thereby enhancing the material's elasticity, strength, and durability. Such processes are as such known by the person skilled in the art.

[0051] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the phrase "prevent damage" means to avoid or minimize any physical deterioration or adverse effects to the balloon caused by contact with the vessel's inner surface during normal operation, including tears, punctures, abrasions, or accelerated wear.

[0052] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term "vessel components" refers to the individual parts that are assembled together to form the complete vessel. They may including end caps, cylindrical sections, conical sections, or any modular segments designed to be connected. The vessel components may have a suitable shape for fixing the balloons thereto. Examples include hemispherical end caps that close off the ends of a vessel, straight or curved cylindrical sections forming the vessel's body, conical sections transitioning between different diameters, and flanges or fittings for assembly purposes.

[0053] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term "connection element" refers to an elongated structural component that extends along the vessel's longitudinal direction and serves to connect and secure multiple vessel components together, maintaining the assembled configuration of the vessel. Examples include rod-like structures such as tie rods, threaded rods, bolts, or elongated members capable of extending along the vessel's length to hold the vessel components together under tension or compression.

[0054] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the phrase "extending along the full length of the vessel's longitudinal direction" means that the connection element runs continuously from one end of the vessel to the opposite end, parallel to the vessel's central axis, traversing the entire length without interruption; .

[0055] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term "operational fluid" refers to any fluid medium intended to be present within the vessel during normal operation for energy transfer, storage, or functional processes, including gases or liquids under various conditions. Examples of specific embodiments of "operational fluid" include compressed air, hydrogen gas, nitrogen, hydraulic fluids, water, oil, and refrigerants stored or circulated within the vessel as part of its operational function.

[0056] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the phrase "within a volume of the vessel wherein typically an operational fluid is present" means that the connection element is located inside the internal space of the vessel where the operational fluid is stored or flows during normal use.

[0057] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term "balloon" refers to a flexible, expandable balloon that can inflate by being filled with a fluid, designed to occupy a volume within the vessel, serving functions like accommodating volume changes or separating fluids. Examples of specific embodiments include an elongated balloon made from elastomeric materials like rubber or synthetic polymers, expanding within the vessel when filled with gas or liquid, used in applications.

[0058] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term "elongated balloon" refers to a balloon with a length significantly greater than its cross-sectional dimensions, designed to extend along the vessel's longitudinal direction and capable of expanding or contracting along its length. Examples of specific embodiments include tubular balloons made from flexible materials, running the length of the vessel, used in applications like variable volume chambers in energy storage devices.

[0059] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term "energy exchange unit" refers to a device or assembly that facilitates the transfer, storage, or conversion of energy from one form to another or between systems, often involving fluids under pressure or temperature variations.

[0060] The invention will now be described by a detailed description of several embodiments of the invention. It is clear that other embodiments of the invention can be configured according to the knowledge of persons skilled in the art without departing from the technical teaching of the invention, the invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims.

[0061] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a vessel for use in an energy exchange unit. The vessel comprises an inner surface, wherein at least a portion of the inner surface is provided with a protective material to prevent damage to a balloon fixed within the vessel and contacting the inner surface when the balloon is expanded. Such protective material may comprise a rubber material vulcanized on the inner surface of the vessel. This ensures a strong bond between the protective material and the vessel wall. Examples of rubber materials that may be used, depending on the temperature range envisaged during use, are acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, ethylene oxide epichlorohydrin rubber, butyl rubber, fluorine rubber, although embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The effect of such a layer is that a soft surface is formed to be contacted by a balloon in the vessel, such that the risk of damage and hence rupture can be reduced. In embodiments, the protective material may have a thickness between 0,01 mm and 10 mm, for example between 0,01mm and 5mm, such as for example between 0,01mm and 3mm. This range provides adequate protection for the balloons while minimizing the impact on vessel volume. In some embodiments, the properties of the protective material may be such that

[0062] Vessels according to embodiments of the present invention have at least a portion of the inner surface provided with protective material. In some embodiments, at least 50%, e.g. at least 75%, e.g. at least 90%, e.g. at least 98% of the inner surface that may contact the balloon may be covered with protective material. In some embodiments, the full surface that may be contacted by the balloon may be covered with protective material. An exception in the full surface may be made for inlet openings or valves in the vessel inner surface, although in other embodiments it may even be avoided that such inlet openings or valves are present therein, as will be illustrated in a further aspect.

[0063] Vessels as described above may especially suitable for use in an energy handling system as described in European patent application EP4224103 or as described in International patent application WO2023 / 148229, although embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0064] For reasons of illustration, a schematic representation of an exemplary energy handling system 1 as described in WO2023 / 148229 is first illustrated. According to embodiments of the present invention, the vessel or vessels used therein thus may be characterized in that they have over at least a part of their surface a protective layer, as described above.

[0065] The energy handling system 1 is based on one or more units 100, which may be referred to as a HBVI-unit (Hydraulic Balloon Vessel Interface). The one or more units 100, e.g. heat exchange units, may be used for performing compression and / or expansion of a fluid, used in the energy handling action. Since in the units 100 typically heat will be exchanged, in the following examples and description reference also may be made to heat exchange units but it is to be noted that the invention is not limited to heat exchange and other types of energy also could be envisaged. The one or more units 100 may be controlled by a controller 2. Such a controller may comprise any suitable processor. In some embodiments, such a controller may be configured for controlling fluids in the one or more units, for inducing energy exchange. The controller 2 may be programmed for controlling the energy exchange process to occur under substantially isentropic, isobaric, isothermal and / or polytropic conditions, during at least 50% of the energy exchange process, advantageously during at least 60% of the energy exchange process or at least 75% of the energy exchange process or at least 90% of the energy exchange process. It is an advantage of at least some embodiments of the present invention that the conditions under which the energy exchange process can occur can be fully controlled, so that a substantially isothermal process, a substantially isentropic process, a substantially isobaric process, a polytropic process or a combination thereof can be selected and fully controlled. For controlling the fluids in the at least one energy exchange unit 100, the energy handling system 1 may comprise one or more pumping systems 3. It is to be noted that in systems according to embodiments of the present invention, particular temperature and pressure conditions can be maintained in the HBVI's used in the system for inducing an efficient process. FIG. 2 illustrates an energy exchange unit allowing for exchanging heat between a first substance 110 and a second substance 120. The first substance may in some embodiments be a liquid, e.g. water. The first substance may in some embodiments be a supercritical gas. The energy exchange unit 100 comprises a first inner compartment 130 and a second outer compartment 140. The first inner compartment 130 and the second outer compartment 140 are positioned adjacent each other and are separated by an energy exchange surface 150. The energy exchange surface 150, corresponding with the outer surface of the first inner compartment 130, is defined by the outer surface of a vessel. Since high pressures may be induced in the first inner compartment 130, the outer surface of the first inner compartment 130, i.e. the heat exchange surface 150, typically may be made of a pressure resistant material. The vessel may be substantially cylindrically shaped and the first inner compartment and the second outer compartment may be configured as substantially concentric compartments. The compartments may be substantially cylindrically shaped. Alternatively, the compartment also may have any other suitable shape. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a balloon 160 is being mounted in the first inner compartment 130 so as to form in the first inner compartment 130 a hermetically sealed volume 170 between the outer surface of the balloon 160 and the energy exchange surface 150. Advantageously, the balloon 160 is fixed at two positions in the first inner compartment 130 to form the hermetically sealed volume 170 but to further not touch the walls (or touch them as little as possible) of the first inner compartment 130 during the heat exchange process. The balloon 160 may be fixed in a pre-tensioned manner. The balloon 160 typically may be filled with a balloon fluid 180. The balloon fluid 180 may be oil, although embodiments are not limited thereto. The balloon fluid 180 may be pumped towards the balloon or away from the balloon 160 in the energy handling system. The balloon is configured such with respect to the inner compartment that it forms the hermetically sealed volume 170 that is filled with the first substance 110. In some embodiments, The second outer compartment 140 is, in embodiments according to the present invention, being filled with the second substance 130. The second substance may be a liquid. The second substance 140 may be a cold liquid or may be a warm liquid. In some embodiments, the second substance may be a gas. The second outer compartment 140 may in some embodiments be isolated from the outer world by an isolation tube 190. The isolation tube may be an isolation tube providing an additional cavity around the second outer compartment, whereby the additional cavity may be under vacuum or for example filled with an isolation fluid.

[0066] According to embodiments of the present invention, the area of the heat exchange surface 150 that is in contact with the first substance 110 and a second substance 140 remains substantially the same during the energy exchange process. This is caused by the balloon expanding without touching the wall of the vessel. By providing substantially the same heat exchange surface area during the energy exchange process, the energy conversion system can be performed with high efficiency, i.e. with high yield. Where reference is made to the surface area of the heat exchange surface being substantially the same during the energy exchange process, this means that at least during 90% (for example during 95% or during 98%) of the time of energy exchange in the system, the surface area of the heat exchange surface that is in contact with the first substance and the second substance varies less than 10% (for example varies less than 5%, for example less than 2%).

[0067] As indicated above, the energy handling system may be equipped with a controller and the heat exchange unit may be controlled to induce a heat exchange process at the heat exchange surface. The heat exchange process may be controlled to occur at a pressure in the range 200 to 700 bar, e.g. in the range 200 to 400 bar. Further as indicated above, the heat exchange process may be controlled to operate substantially isothermal process, a substantially isentropic process, a substantially isobaric process, a polytropic process or a combination thereof.

[0068] By way of illustration, embodiments not being limited thereto, an example of different thermodynamic processes is shown in FIG. 3. In the example shown on the left hand side of FIG. 3, a polytropic process is shown. In the central portion of FIG. 3, an isobaric process is shown, where the pressure can be kept substantially constant. Furthermore, on the righthand side of FIG. 3, an isothermal process is shown, where the temperature can be kept constant. As indicated above, it is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that particular temperature and pressure conditions can be maintained in the HBVI's used in the system for inducing an efficient process.

[0069] By way of illustration, embodiments of the present invention not being limited thereto, a number of exemplary embodiments will now further be described, illustrating standard and optional features of vessels according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0070] In a first example shown in FIG. 4, a vessel 101 is shown whereby a protective material 200 is provided at a position where normally an assembly gap 520 would be present formed by assembly of different vessel components. More particularly, FIG. 4 shows on the left hand side a vessel 101 built up of several components 510a, 510b, 510c whereby an assembly gap 520 is present between two components 510a, 510b. In such vessels 101, the balloon 160 may enter the assembly gap 520 and thus become prone to rupture. According to an embodiment of the present invention, protective material 200 may be positioned over such an assembly gap 520 and where appropriate at least partly in the assembly gap 520 as shown in FIG. 4 on the right hand side. The latter prevents a balloon 160 mounted in the vessel 101 from entering the assembly gap 520. The protective material 200 hence serves as protection material 200 for the balloon 160, resulting in that balloons 160 used in the vessel 101 see a smooth surface rather than an assembly gap 520. The latter results in the balloon 160 not being deformed locally by the gap 520 and hence being less prone to rupture.

[0071] In a second example shown in FIG. 5, the vessel 101 comprises a protective layer 200 over substantially the full inner vessel surface 150. This has the advantage that the balloon 160 is protected from sharp edges, gaps and alike that could be present in the inner vessel surface 150. Whereas inlet openings and valves could be present in the inner vessel surface 150 where no protective material 200 would be present, the example shown benefits from the fact that it operates with a balloon 160 with an inner tube 300 that can be used for filling / emptying the space between the balloon and the inner vessel surface. The latter will further be illustrated below, when discussing this aspect separately.

[0072] In one aspect, the present invention also relates to an energy handling system comprising a vessel as described in the first aspect. In embodiments, the energy handling system may be configured to store energy by compressing and expanding a fluid within the balloon, thereby enabling energy conversion, storage, and transmission within the system. Other features and characteristics may be as set out in the first aspect. The present invention also relates to the use of such a vessel in an energy handling system.

[0073] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a balloon for use in a energy handling system based on a vessel and a balloon mounted therein. The balloon thereby is provided with a tube shaped portion 300 for transporting a fluid through a region outside of but surrounded by the inner volume of the balloon. Such a tube shaped portion can be used for filling and / or emptying the space between the balloon and an inner vessel surface of a vessel wherein the balloon is mounted. It is to be noted that the balloon itself typically is also filled and emptied with a balloon fluid, which typically is a different fluid from that transported through the tube shaped portion. Whereas above a single tube shaped portion is described, also two or more tube shaped portions may be provided.

[0074] FIG. 6 illustrates examples of embodiments of the present invention. It shows an energy handling unit 100 based on a vessel 101 and a balloon 160 fixed therein. In FIG. 6 part (A), a unit 100 is shown wherein inlets 402 for filling and / or emptying the volume between the balloon and the vessel inner surface are provided in the vessel inner surface 150. FIG. 6 parts (B), (C) and (D) illustrate embodiments wherein a tube shaped portion 300, 301, 302 is provided in the balloon 160. The tube-shaped portion can e.g. connect a supply or fluid transport positioned at a side of the vessel, e.g. at a side of an elongated vessel, with the volume between the vessel inner surface and the balloon. It is an advantage of embodiments of the present invention that connection to a supply or fluid transport outside the vessel with the inner part of the vessel can be made at the side of the vessel, it is outside the area of the heat exchange surface of the vessel used.

[0075] The present invention also relates to an energy handling system comprising an energy exchange unit comprising a vessel and a balloon according to an embodiment of the aspect described above, whereby the balloon has a tube shaped portion. An energy exchange unit making use of such a balloon may also advantageously benefit from a vessel wherein the full area that comes into contact with the balloon is covered by protective material as described in the first aspect. The latter is especially advantageous since the protective material can be applied over the full surface and no exception areas are to be provided.

[0076] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a vessel for use in an energy handling system for converting, transmitting or storing energy making use of a vessel and a balloon mounted therein. Such a vessel may be especially suitable for use in an energy handling system as described in European patent application EP4224103 or as described in International patent application WO2023 / 148229, although embodiments are not limited thereto. According to embodiments, such a vessel is assembled from multiple vessel components and comprises at least one connection element extending along the full length of the vessel's longitudinal direction and assembling at least a plurality of said multiple vessel components. The at least one connection element may be positioned within a volume of the vessel wherein typically an operational fluid is present, e.g. centrally positioned within the vessel. Alternatively or in addition thereto, there may also be at least one connection element that is positioned outside a volume of the vessel wherein operational fluids are present. In some embodiments, at least two connection elements may be present, positioned above and below the volume of the vessel wherein operational fluids are present. The one or more connection elements may have any suitable structure, such as for example a rod-like structure, a bar-like structure, a pin-like structure. It may be detachably connected to some or all of the vessel components. This may in one example be performed by using a rod-like structure with a threaded portion and corresponding nuts. Other means to detachably connect also may be used. In some embodiments, the connection elements may be permanently fixed to some or all of the vessel components. The vessel components may comprise at least one of end caps, cylindrical sections, or conical sections. In some embodiments, the vessel may comprise at least two parts complementary in shape so as to be able to fix one end of a balloon the two parts by pressing the balloon in between the parts during assembly. The vessel also may comprise sealing elements between adjacent vessel components.

[0077] By way of illustration, embodiments of energy exchange units 100 according to the present invention are illustrated in FIG. 7 and 8. In FIG. 7 connection elements 700 are shown outside the volume wherein operational fluids are present, whereas in FIG. 8 a connection element 700 is shown inside the volume wherein operational fluids are present. In the example of FIG. 8, the connection element 700 runs through the balloon 160 which is itself positioned in the vessel.

[0078] In one aspect the present invention also relates to a method of assembling an energy exchange unit. The method comprises assembling a vessel from multiple vessel components by connecting at least a plurality of said multiple vessel components with at least one connection element extending along the full length of the vessel's longitudinal direction.The method further may also comprise fixing an elongated balloon at one end side in the vessel by pressing it between two complementary shaped parts. It furthermore may comprise fixing another end of the elongated balloon at another end of the vessel by also pressing it between complementary shaped parts. Both providing a connection element centrally through the portion of the unit wherein typically operational fluids are present as providing connection elements outside this volume may be performed.

Claims

1. A vessel (101) for use in an energy exchange unit (100), the vessel (101) comprising an inner surface (150); wherein at least a portion of the inner surface (150) is provided with a protective material (200) to prevent damage to a balloon (160) fixed within the vessel (101) and further contacting the inner surface (150) of the vessel (101) when the balloon (160) is expanded.

2. The vessel (101) according to claim 1, wherein the protective material (200) comprises a rubber material vulcanized on the inner surface (150) of the vessel (101).

3. The vessel (101) according to any one of the claims, wherein the protective material has a thickness between 0.01 mm and 10 mm.

4. The vessel (101) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the protective material is positioned over an assembly gap between different parts of the vessel (101) such that it prevents a balloon (160) mounted in the vessel (101) from entering the assembly gap.

5. The vessel (101) according to claim 4, wherein the protective material (200) at least partly fills an assembly gap between parts forming the vessel (101).

6. The vessel (101) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the protective material (200) is present over at least 75% of the entire inner surface (150) of the vessel (101) that may be in contact with the balloon (160) during operation, e.g. over at least 90% of the entire inner surface (150) of the vessel (101) that may be in contact with the balloon (160) during operation.

7. The vessel (101) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the inner surface (150) does not comprise holes for providing fluid to the vessel (101) or for removing fluid from the vessel (101), and wherein the protective material (200) is present over the entire inner surface (150) of the vessel (101).

8. The vessel (101) according to any of the previous claims, the vessel (101) being assembled from multiple vessel components and comprising at least one connection element extending along the full length of the vessel's longitudinal direction and assembling at least a plurality of said multiple vessel components.

9. The vessel according to claim 8, wherein the at least one connection element is positioned centrally within a volume of the vessel wherein typically an operational fluid is present.

10. The vessel according to any one of claims 8 to 9, wherein the at least one connection element comprises a rod-like structure.

11. The vessel according to any one of claims ,8 to 10, wherein the vessel components comprise at least one of end caps, cylindrical sections, conical sections and / or complementary shaped parts allowing to fix a balloon between these parts by pressing them together.

12. The vessel according to any one of claims 8 to 11, further comprising sealing elements between adjacent vessel components.

13. An energy handling system (1) comprising an energy exchange unit (100) comprising: - a vessel (101) according to any one of claims 1 to 12; - a balloon (160) fixed within the vessel (101); wherein the balloon (160) is configured to contact the inner surface (150) of the vessel (101) when expanded, and the protective material (200) prevents damage to the balloon (160) during expansion and contraction within the vessel (101).

14. The energy handling system (1) according to claim 13, wherein the balloon (160) comprises a tube shaped portion (300) for transporting a fluid through a region outside the balloon (160) but surrounded by the balloon (160).

15. Use of a vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in an energy handling system, wherein the protective material on the inner surface of the vessel prevents damage to a balloon fixed within the vessel during expansion and contraction within the energy exchange process.

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