accelerator system bis

Abstract

Accelerator system (second accelerator system) for motor vehicles comprising: - a mounting system for attaching the accelerator system to a vehicle, - a frame attached to the mounting system and defining an axis of rotation, - an actuator comprising a pedal pad, a connecting rod, and a mounting element fixed to a rotating shaft mounted to rotate relative to the chassis around the axis of rotation, and whose position relative to the pedal frame is detected by a position sensor, said position sensor being capable of generating a signal representative of the position of said actuator, - a control unit receiving the signal representative of the position of said actuator is configurable via an input interface in order to generate a signal representative of the position of said actuator according to several standards, said control unit is connectable via an output interface to an information communication network of a motor vehicle.and in that - the actuator can be fixed in at least two different axial positions relative to the axis of rotation. Figure for the abbreviation: Fig. 1,

Description

Title of the invention: bis accelerator system

[0001] 1. SCOPE OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to a motor vehicle system, more particularly to a motor vehicle accelerator system. TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

[0003] More specifically, the invention relates to a second accelerator system for a motor vehicle for controlling vehicle acceleration by foot from a location other than the original accelerator. The invention also relates to the kit corresponding to the complete second accelerator system, which includes the second accelerator system.

[0004] Acceleration control in a motor vehicle is one of its most critical functions. A failure, or even a simple malfunction, of the acceleration system can lead to a very serious accident. Therefore, the most reliable technological solutions are sought for acceleration control.

[0005] In the pursuit of ever-greater reliability, certain mechanical components, susceptible to wear and failure, are being replaced by electronic components. Indeed, the latter are less prone to wear and sudden breakage. At the electronic level, digital devices are preferred to analog devices. In fact, digital devices are less sensitive to wear, can be better controlled, and detected anomalies can be corrected in real time by embedded computers.

[0006] In the field of motor vehicle pedals, left-foot accelerator systems are known, particularly useful for people with disabilities in their right foot.

[0007] It is also known for complete dual pedal systems (accelerator / brake / clutch) for equipping driving school vehicles.

[0008] Automotive equipment is constantly evolving. As a result, new constraints are emerging for a secondary accelerator system. One such constraint stems from the limited space available for mounting a complete secondary accelerator kit. Increasingly, equipment occupies significant space under the driver's dashboard, requiring the complete secondary accelerator system to be highly compact and adaptable.

[0009] We seek to ensure that these second accelerator systems are adaptable to the maximum number of vehicle models, regardless of their specific features, and are practical and easy to install, remove and reinstall.

[0010] The technology used to manage acceleration on a vehicle has evolved, moving into a few decades of a purely mechanical solution based on rods and / or cables, to solutions increasingly based on the use of electronics.

[0011] Analog electronic solutions are in turn replaced by digital electronic solutions.

[0012] Left-foot accelerator systems are not compatible with the latest technologies, particularly the CAN (Controller Area Network) bus, a serial bus standard for digital communication increasingly used in newer automotive models. PWM is another commonly used bus standard for synthesizing pseudo-analog signals. Finally, the SAE J2716 SENT (Single Edge Nibble Transmission) protocol is a point-to-point scheme for transmitting signal values ​​from a sensor to a controller. It is designed to enable high-resolution data transmission at low cost.

[0013] Document FR 3003047 B1 is an example in which the repetition of pedal commands for a driving school is ensured using a hydraulic system.

[0014] However, such a repeating accelerator pedal is not compatible with a digitally designed pedal. Furthermore, such a device takes up a significant amount of space that is not available on recent vehicle models.

[0015] Current dual electronic accelerator pedal solutions are therefore not scalable and must be completely modified with each vehicle evolution. Furthermore, an analog signal, which is susceptible to degradation with wear of the analog sensor, is used in current dual electronic accelerator pedal systems.

[0016] The invention thus aims to provide a second digital accelerator system that is generic, reliable, miniaturized, and suitable or easily adaptable to most current and future vehicle models, regardless of the communication interface and vehicle configuration. This system must be able to handle new digital protocols with minimal adaptation.

[0017] For this purpose, a new digital second accelerator pedal has been developed. Summary of the invention

[0018] Thus, the invention relates to a second accelerator system for a motor vehicle comprising:

[0019] - a fastening system for attaching the second accelerator system to a vehicle,

[0020] - a frame integral with the fastening system, and defining an axis of rotation,

[0021] - a frame integral with the fastening system, and defining an axis of rotation,

[0022] - an actuator comprising a pedal pad, a connecting rod, and an element of fixing fixed to a rotating shaft mounted to rotate relative to the chassis around the axis of rotation, and whose position relative to the pedal frame is detected by a position sensor, said position sensor being capable of generating a signal representative of the position of said actuator,

[0023] - a computer receiving the signal representing the position of said actuator is configurable via an input interface to generate a signal representative of the position of said actuator according to several standards, said computer is connectable via an output interface to an information communication network of a motor vehicle, and in that

[0024] - The actuator can be fixed in at least two different axial positions by relative to the axis of rotation.

[0025] The alternative accelerator system allows the accelerator to be operated with a foot like the original pedal but from a different location than the original location of the accelerator located at the level of the feet of a front passenger or driver of a vehicle.

[0026] Certain elements are generic, regardless of the vehicle: - the fastening system, - the position sensor, - the system generating a stop effect, - the configurable calculator.

[0027] A specific additional element is required: this is the actuator comprising a pedal pad and a connecting rod. Depending on the type of vehicle, the pad and the connecting rod will be custom-made.

[0028] Such a second accelerator pedal is useful:

[0029] - in the case of a vehicle driven by a driver with a disability affecting his right leg in order to provide more natural access to the accelerator for disabled drivers,

[0030] - or in the case of a driving school vehicle in order to give the instructor access to the accelerator when he is sitting next to the learner driver.

[0031] The fastening system corresponds to the system that allows the accelerator pedal bis to be fixed to the vehicle. The system may use one or more of the conventional fastening principles: gluing, screwing, etc.

[0032] The position sensor can generate an analog signal or a digital signal. Preferably, a digital signal is preferred because it is less susceptible to interference.

[0033] The computer is configurable by connecting it (wirelessly if necessary) to a computer. The configuration is saved using memory integrated into the computer. The computer has sufficient storage capacity and information processing speed to handle all known and future communication protocols.

[0034] Thanks to the presence of the computer placed on the vehicle's second acceleration system, it is possible to generate a signal which reproduces identically the original signal from the accelerator pedal.

[0035] Thanks to these provisions, it is possible to adapt the communication interface with any of the existing on-board vehicle data communication protocols, and to some extent with possible future protocols.

[0036] Thus the same accelerator pedal can be used regardless of the protocol used to transmit information downstream to the motor vehicle, without the interface with the vehicle requiring electronic modifications beyond the configuration of the configurable computer.

[0037] In addition, it is possible to adapt the position of the actuator according to the available space at the front of the vehicle's passenger compartment, thus allowing an ideal ergonomic positioning of the pedal, not constrained by the fixing point accessible under the dashboard.

[0038] Thus the same second accelerator pedal can be used regardless of the configuration of the passenger compartment, without the interface with the vehicle requiring structural modifications beyond the configuration of the configurable positioning of the connecting rod.

[0039] Depending on various aspects, it is possible to provide for one and / or the other of the provisions below.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the fixing element can be fixed on each lateral side of the frame actuator.

[0041] Thus, depending on the available space in the passenger compartment at floor level and lower part of the dashboard, the position of the accelerator pedal can be adjusted simply by choosing one of the configurations offered by the fixing element to fix the actuator on the sensor.

[0042] According to one embodiment, the computer is able to interface with the electronic architecture of the motor vehicle using a multiplexed signal.

[0043] Thus, the pedal will be able to interface with new generations of vehicles equipped with bus-based communication means allowing the exchange of multiplexed signals.

[0044] According to one embodiment, the computer is configurable to generate a multiplexed signal according to the ISO 11898 standard (CAN), or pulse width modulated (PWM), or transmitted by packet on a single edge according to the SAE J2716 standard (SENT), or analog.

[0045] ISO 11898 (CAN) is a standard that characterizes the CAN (Controller Area Network) data bus. The CAN bus is a serial system bus widely used in many industries, particularly the automotive industry.

[0046] The CAN bus implements an approach known as multiplexing, which consists of connecting a large number of computers to the same cable (a bus), allowing them to communicate in turn. This technique eliminates the need to run dedicated lines for each piece of information to be transmitted (point-to-point connection).

[0047] As soon as a system (car, plane, telephone network, etc.) reaches a certain level of complexity, the point-to-point approach becomes complicated due to the immense amount of cabling to be installed and its cost (in terms of mass, materials, labor, maintenance).

[0048] The introduction of multiplexed buses (mainly CAN) in the automotive industry aimed to reduce the amount of wiring in vehicles (there may have been up to 2 km of wiring per car), but it has above all enabled the explosion in the number of computers and sensors distributed throughout the vehicle, and the corresponding services (reduced fuel consumption, pollution control, active / passive safety, comfort, fault detection, etc.), while reducing the lengths of wiring.

[0049] Signal transmission via CAN bus thus enables optimized communication on board a vehicle. This improves reliability because, in this embodiment, the interfaces using the CAN protocol are highly resistant to interference.

[0050] A PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal is a signal whose duty cycle varies. This type of signal is often used in applications with variable average values.

[0051] The SAE J2716 SENT (“Single Edge Nibble Transmission”) communication protocol is intended for safety-critical applications in the automotive field and the field of transport in general.

[0052] The SAE J2716 SENT communication protocol facilitates the replacement of analog signaling between sensors and microcontrollers.

[0053] Thus, the second accelerator pedal is compatible with the main modern digital communication standards deployed on mass-produced motor vehicles.

[0054] According to one embodiment, the calculator is configurable to generate a signal that reproduces the information of the movement of the original pedal according to all its dimensions, including acceleration speed of the pedal, complete acceleration stroke, position and / or limit position reached.

[0055] Thus, it is possible to reproduce all the information generated by the original accelerator pedal.

[0056] According to one embodiment, the sensor is a Hall effect sensor generating a digitized electronic signal.

[0057] Thus, reliability is improved because, in this embodiment, the sensor has no moving parts in contact, which prevents mechanical wear that can alter the signal.

[0058] According to one embodiment, the second accelerator system for motor vehicles includes a second removable fixing part for the connecting rod to the rotation shaft.

[0059] Thus, if it is necessary to stop using the second accelerator system on certain journeys and to use instead only the original accelerator pedal, it is possible to remove the pedal pad of the second accelerator system in order to neutralize the second accelerator system.

[0060] According to one embodiment, the frame comprises a base from which two parallel wings extend, defining a bearing for the rotation shaft, the base defining a housing for a casing housing the position sensor, the rotation shaft comprising a first housing adapted to receive at least partially the casing, and a second housing carrying a magnet opposite the first housing.

[0061] Driving school vehicle equipped with a driver's pedal assembly and the accelerator system bis for motor vehicle as defined above.

[0062] The accelerator system bis as defined above can be used as a left-foot accelerator pedal installed at the driver's seat of a vehicle adapted for a driver with a disability in the right leg.

[0063] The accelerator system bis as defined above can also be used as an accelerator pedal for an instructor installed at the front passenger seat of a driving school vehicle. Brief description of the drawings

[0064] Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, briefly described below:

[0065] [fig. 1] represents an exploded three-dimensional view of a disassembled bis pedal according to an embodiment from a viewpoint.

[0066] [fig.2] represents an exploded three-dimensional view of a disassembled bis pedal according to an embodiment from a different point of view than that of [fig.l].

[0067] [fig.3] represents the detail of [fig. 1] identified by the letter E.

[0068] In the drawings, identical references designate identical or similar objects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The accelerator system bis 1 includes a fixing system 2, a configurable computer 3, a stop system 4, a sensor 5 and an actuator 6.

[0070] The fastening system may comprise a backing plate 10 coated with a high-strength adhesive in contact with air and covered with a protective film, combined with three holes for the passage of three screws. By removing said protective film, in posi- By attaching this plate to a location on the floor of a vehicle previously stripped of any lining (insulating foam, floor mats, carpeting, etc.), the accelerator system 1 is fixed to the vehicle. To reinforce this fixing, screws can be driven into the three holes. The length of the screws must be greater than the thickness of the plate, and the diameter of the screw heads must be greater than the diameter of the holes in the plate. The backing plate 10 has, on the side opposite the adhesive-coated side, lugs positioned through the holes in the pedal frame 55. A reversible fastening means secures the backing plate to the pedal frame 55. The fastening system 2 is then fixed to the pedal frame 55.

[0071] To measure the pedal's displacement, a variation in a magnetic field is measured. For this purpose, a fixed element, attached to the pedal frame 55, and a movable element, attached to the actuator 6, interact magnetically. The pedal frame 55 defines an axis of rotation, in particular a transverse axis of rotation for the rotation of the actuator relative to the pedal frame. This may be a pivot joint.

[0072] The first fixed element is a sensor 5 positioned on a protrusion 30 of an electronic board 20 located in a lower plastic cover 40 that allows magnetic waves to pass through. This lower cover 40 is assembled to an upper cover 41 to completely enclose the electronic board 20. Thus, the electronic board 20 is protected from impacts and potential contact with electrically conductive parts that could cause short circuits. The electronic board 20 includes a configurable computer 3. The electronic board 20 is protected by the lower cover 40, which is fixedly mounted on the pedal frame 55. The pedal frame 55 thus includes a housing for the unit consisting of the lower cover 40 and the upper cover 41. Any change in the electromagnetic environment of the sensor 5 generates a change in the signal emitted by the sensor 5. This signal is transmitted to the configurable computer 3.

[0073] The second moving element is a magnet 90 positioned in a location enabling said magnet 90 to be fixed to a rotating shaft 95 of the actuator 6. When the actuator 6 is at rest, the magnet 90 is close to the sensor 5. The rotating shaft 95 is fixed to a connecting rod 96 of a curved pedal pad 185 covered by a pedal cap 97 adapted to cover the pedal pad 185. Therefore, when the pedal pad 185 is pressed, the rotating shaft 95 rotates about its axis of rotation, thus moving the magnet 90 away from the sensor 5.

[0074] One edge of the electronic board 20 includes a mini-USB female connector 70 for installing the configuration program for the accelerator system. Once certain components of the electronic board 20 are programmed, the electronic board 20 is capable of sending a signal via a six-conductor cable 80. sensing the pressure exerted on the pedal pad 185 thanks to the detection of the variation in the magnetic field surrounding the sensor 5.

[0075] The arrangement of the Hall effect sensor 5 is such that, when the pedal pad 185 is at rest, the magnet 90 is very close to said Hall effect sensor 5, for example, with an air gap of less than 1 mm. The more pressure is applied to the pedal pad, the further the magnet moves away from the sensor, thus modifying the magnetic field surrounding the Hall effect sensor 5. The Hall effect sensor 5 then generates, in real time, a signal representing the detected change in the magnetic field.

[0076] This signal is processed by the components of the electronic board 20. They form the configurable control unit 3 of the accelerator system bis 1. This processing depends on the programming of the printed circuit board, which is implemented via a mini-USB female connector 70. The printed circuit board includes traces that connect the sensor to the other components via a bus that can operate, for example, according to the CAN standard. The signal sent by the six-conductor cable 80 can be directly in CAN format, or in another standard. The program stored on the board manages the type of standard of the signal transmitted to the rest of the vehicle's communication system via the six-conductor cable 80.

[0077] An elastic system, comprising for example two springs 120, exerts a restoring force on the pad of the pedal 185.

[0078] The fastening system for the connecting rod and pedal pad assembly is in two parts according to a so-called "bayonet" principle. A first permanent fastening part 130 allows a connecting rod 170 to be fixed to the rotation shaft 95 by means of a screw 135. This first part includes a pin 150.

[0079] A second fastening part is removable. It comprises:

[0080] -a compression spring 155, threaded into the axis of the connecting rod 96 in a tube arranged in a first quick-fixing element 160, and which comes to rest against the connecting rod 170 configured to be able to enter the tube of the first quick-fixing element 160.

[0081] - A groove 180 positioned on the first quick-release fastener element 160, the shape has a turn which goes back towards the edge without reaching it after a first straight segment of the groove 180 near the edge of the first quick-release fastener element 160.

[0082] Thus, once the compression spring 155 is positioned, by inserting the pin 150 into the groove beyond the turn of said groove 180, the second quick-release fastener 170 can enter the first quick-release fastener 160 by following the groove. Upon passing the turn of the groove 180, the effect of the compression spring 155, combined with the pin positioned at the bottom of the groove 180, can lock the fastener 160 and the connecting rod 170 aligned to form an axis and a connecting rod 96.

[0083] It remains possible to separate these two fastening elements without tools, simply by applying pressure along the axis of the connecting rod 96 in order to compress the compression spring 155. Thus, the pin 150 follows the path of the groove 180 until it reaches the first straight segment of the groove 180. Once the pin 150 is in this first straight segment of the groove 180, the pedal pad 185 as well as the portion of the connecting rod 190 which connects it to the first quick-release fastener 160 and said first quick-release fastener 160 can be removed from the rest of the accelerator system bis.

[0084] In [fig. 1] and [fig. 2], the pedal pad 185 is shown in the position allowing the assembly between the first quick-release element 160 and the connecting rod 170 to be carried out, i.e. the position in which the pin 150 can enter the groove 180. The position of the pedal pad 185 as shown is therefore not that of its position of use once the connecting rod 170 has been duly fixed to the quick-release element 160.

[0085] Thanks to this fixing system, in case of wear of the pedal pad 185, it is easy to change to a new pedal pad.

[0086] It is also easy to mount a different model of pedal pad 185 and linkage rod 190 without tools when configuring the bis accelerator system for a particular vehicle.

[0087] Finally, if the vehicle is not to have a second pedal temporarily, with a simple tool-free operation, it is easy to remove the part of the second pedal which includes part of the connecting rod 96 and the pedal pad 185 in order to free the floor temporarily.

[0088] The rotating shaft 95 has a configuration that allows it to be fixed to the first mounting part 130 in two different positions. For example, a hole sized to the shaft is provided in the mounting part 130 at each end, and a nut 135 is screwed into the rotating shaft 95 through this hole, securing the first mounting part 130 to the rotating shaft 95 once screwed in. Alternatively, the nut 135 can be clipped in place in a reversible manner. Thus, when configuring the accelerator system bis 1, the operator has the choice of positioning the actuator 6 on one of the two sides of the accelerator system bis 1. Thus, depending on the available space and the shape of the floor at the front seats, one can choose the most suitable position to position the actuator 6 exactly in the most suitable place for the user.

[0089] Thus, in the embodiment presented, the rotation shaft 95 has at least one cylindrical portion around the axis of rotation, and cooperating with the frame of the The pedal 55 acts as a bearing to guide the rotation of the shaft 95 relative to the pedal frame 55 around the axis of rotation. In one embodiment, the pedal frame 55 has a transverse base from which extend two parallel wings, each with a cylindrical opening. These two cylindrical openings are coaxial and axially spaced to define a bearing for the shaft 95. A base also defines a housing for the casing containing the electronic board 20, which carries the sensor 5. The shaft 95 has a central recess that accommodates a portion of the lower cover 40 of this casing. This central recess is sized to allow the shaft 95 to rotate about the axis of rotation, with the portion of the lower cover remaining within the recess. The shaft 95 also includes a recess for the magnet 90.This accommodation is located near the central accommodation.

[0090] The rotating shaft 95 includes, at each axial end, a component for attaching it to the actuator. Thus, in the configuration shown, the actuator is attached to the right side of the frame. However, with the same components, the actuator could be attached to the left side of the frame. This would simply require attaching the connecting rod 170 to the left end of the rotating shaft 95 by means of the screw 135.

[0091] With the combination of these technical solutions, the total volume of the chassis of the pedal 55 is reduced compared to known models, which facilitates the integration of the accelerator system bis 1 under the dashboard, even in the case where there is little space available.

[0092] The activation and deactivation of the accelerator system bis 1 is controlled via the six-conductor cable 80. An activation and deactivation control (not shown) is mounted at the location of the usual controls, either on the dashboard or on the center console between the front seats. This control consists of a simple switch in the form of a button that illuminates when it is in the active position, for example. This control is connected to the rest of the vehicle's communication system, and the accelerator system bis 1 recognizes the signals sent by this control as activation and deactivation signals for said system 1.

[0093] The activation of the accelerator pedal system bis 1 can be done at each start of the vehicle, by pressing a dedicated button connected to the vehicle's on-board communication network, which sends a signal via the 6-conductor cable 80 to activate the accelerator system bis 1.

[0094] In the case of a driving school vehicle, the activation of the second accelerator pedal system 1 does not result in the neutralization of the original accelerator pedal.

[0095] On the other hand, in a vehicle dedicated to use by a disabled person of the right leg, the original accelerator pedal is deactivated when the accelerator system bis 1 is activated by the configurable computer 3.

[0096] The neutralization or non-neutralization of the original accelerator pedal when the bis accelerator system is implemented is a configurable option at the level of the configurable computer.

[0097] Fig. 3 represents the positioning of the sensor 5 on a protrusion 30 of the electronic board 20, the computer elements fixed on the electronic board 20, and the 6-conductor cable 80 which connects the computer elements of the electronic board 20 to the rest of the communication architecture of a vehicle.

[0098] When the pedal pad receives pressure from the foot, the compression spring is compressed. This creates a feeling of resistance at the user's foot when pressing the pedal pad. When the spring is fully compressed, the pedal pad can no longer travel. By releasing the pressure, the compression spring contributes to the return of the accelerator pedal pad to its rest position.

[0099] Neutralization of the second pedal via the bayonet system described above is possible: the second removable fixing part is removed.

[0100] The invention is not limited to the embodiments presented and other embodiments will be obvious to a person skilled in the art.

Claims

Claims

1. Accelerator system bis (1) for a motor vehicle comprising: - a fixing system (2) for fixing the accelerator system bis (1) to a vehicle, - a frame (55) integral with the fixing system, and defining an axis of rotation, - an actuator (6) comprising a pedal pad (185), a connecting rod (190), and a fixing element (130, 135) fixed on a rotation shaft (95) rotatably mounted relative to the pedal frame (55) around the axis of rotation, and the position of which relative to the frame (55) is detected by a position sensor (3), said position sensor (5) being capable of generating a signal representative of the position of said actuator (6), characterized in that: - a computer (3) receiving the signal representative of the position of said actuator (6) is configurable via an input interface in order to generate a signal representative of the position of said actuator (6) according to several standards,said calculator (3) is connectable via an output interface (80) to an information communication network of a motor vehicle, and in that - the actuator (6) can be fixed in at least two different axial positions relative to the axis of rotation.,

2. Accelerator system bis (1) for a motor vehicle according to claim 1, in which the fixing element (130) of the actuator (6) can be fixed on each lateral side of the frame (55).

3. A dual accelerator system for a motor vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the computer (1) is capable of interfacing with the electronic architecture of the motor vehicle using a multiplexed signal.

4. Accelerator system bis for a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the computer (1) is configurable to generate a multiplexed signal according to the ISO 11898 standard (CAN), or modulated in Pulse Width (PWM), or transmitted by packet on single front according to SAE J2716 standard (SENT), or analog.

5. Accelerator system bis (1) for a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the computer (3) is configurable to generate a signal which reproduces the information of the movement of the original pedal according to all dimensions of said movement, in particular acceleration speed of the pedal, complete acceleration stroke, instantaneous position and / or limit position reached.

6. Accelerator system bis (1) for a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the sensor (5) is a Hall effect sensor generating a digitized electronic signal.

7. Accelerator system bis (1) for a motor vehicle, according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a second removable fixing part of the connecting rod (96) to the rotation shaft (95).

8. Accelerator system bis (1) for a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which the frame (55) comprises a base from which extend two parallel wings defining a bearing for the rotation shaft, the base defining a housing for a casing housing the position sensor (5), the rotation shaft (95) comprising a first housing adapted to at least partially receive the casing, and a second housing carrying a magnet (90) opposite the first housing.

9. Driving school vehicle equipped with a driver's pedal assembly and a bis accelerator system (1) for a motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the accelerator system bis (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8 as an accelerator pedal for the left foot installed at the driver's seat of a vehicle adapted for a driver with a right leg disability.

11. Use of the accelerator system bis (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8 as an accelerator pedal for an instructor installed at the front passenger seat of a driving school vehicle.

Images