Vegetated wall with integrated formwork
The wall with integrated green formwork addresses energy consumption and CO2 emissions by incorporating a growing substrate and vegetation, reducing urban heat islands and air pollution, and improving local comfort.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2022001043
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-02-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-02-07
AI Technical Summary
Existing walls with integrated formwork consume significant energy and generate high CO2 emissions during manufacturing, contributing to urban heat islands and air pollution, and disrupt local comfort and rest.
A wall with integrated green formwork that includes a first and second skin connected by connection means, with an internal volume containing a growing substrate and primary/secondary holding means, and optionally an intermediate element with thermal insulation and drainage, allowing vegetation to grow on the exterior or interior surfaces.
Reduces the ecological impact of manufacturing by minimizing energy consumption and CO2 emissions, and mitigates urban heat islands and air pollution through natural means by integrating vegetation, enhancing local comfort.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: Integrated green formwork wall
[0001] The invention relates to a wall with integrated green formwork.
[0002] This invention relates to the field of construction and, more particularly, to the factory manufacture of walls with integrated formwork intended to be installed on a construction site for the construction of a building, a decorative work or a work to combat noise and / or pollution.
[0003] We already know of walls with integrated formwork which are used for the construction of buildings, particularly in urban or peri-urban environments.
[0004] Such an integrated formwork wall comprises at least, on the one hand, a first skin oriented towards the exterior of a building and usually made of concrete, on the other hand, a second skin oriented towards the interior of the building and made of concrete and, on the other hand, means for connecting these two skins.
[0005] It will be observed that such an integrated formwork wall is manufactured in a factory, from cement. The manufacture of this cement, on the one hand, requires the input of a significant amount of energy (particularly fossil) and, on the other hand, generates the emission of a significant amount of CO2. In addition, in a factory, the drying of the concrete of the skins of such an integrated formwork wall requires, again, the input of a significant amount of energy.
[0006] Once installed on site, such an integrated formwork wall, more particularly its first concrete skin, contributes to the creation of a highly mineralized urban environment which has the effect of defining urban heat islands. These heat islands, on the one hand and during the day, accumulate heat and create an overheated environment compared to the surrounding temperature and, on the other hand and at night, restore this accumulated heat while maintaining a high temperature. The presence of these heat islands harms the comfort of local residents and disrupts the night-time rest of its inhabitants.
[0007] The present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of integrated formwork walls of the state of the art.
[0008] This invention also aims to find a solution for limiting heat islands, for reducing the temperature of these heat islands, and for air-conditioning urban or peri-urban spaces, in a natural manner.
[0009] Another objective of this invention is to combat air pollution in urban environments, in particular by reducing the CO2 level.
[0010] Finally, the invention aims to reduce the ecological impact of the manufacture of factory-integrated formwork walls, particularly in terms of CO2 emissions.
[0011] To this end, the invention relates to a wall with integrated green formwork comprising, on the one hand, a first skin, which is intended to be oriented in a first direction, and which comprises at least one primary through opening, on the other hand, a second skin, which is intended to be oriented in a second direction opposite to the first direction, which is parallel to the first skin, and which is positioned at a determined distance from the first skin so as to define an internal volume and, on the other hand, connection means which are configured to connect the first skin and the second skin.This integrated green formwork wall is characterized by the fact that it comprises, on the one hand and at least inside at least one part of said internal volume, a growing substrate and, on the other hand, at least one primary holding means, which completes said at least one primary through opening, and which is configured to hold the growing substrate at least inside said at least one part of said internal volume.
[0012] According to another characteristic, the integrated formwork wall comprises at least one intermediate element, which is interposed between the first skin and the second skin, which is parallel to the first skin as well as to the second skin, and which is positioned at a determined distance from the first skin so as to define a first part of said internal volume which internally comprises the culture substrate.
[0013] An additional characteristic concerns the fact that said at least one intermediate element comprises at least one thermal insulating plate and / or at least one sealing or drainage means, in particular positioned between said thermal insulating plate and the first skin, or even attached to said at least one thermal insulating plate.
[0014] According to another characteristic, the second skin comprises at least one secondary through opening while the integrated vegetated formwork wall comprises at least one secondary holding means, which completes said at least one secondary through opening, and which is configured to hold the culture substrate inside said at least one part of said internal volume.
[0015] Another characteristic relates to the fact that said at least one primary holding means, respectively said at least one secondary holding means, comprises at least one perforated element which extends inside said at least one primary through-opening, respectively inside said at least one secondary through-opening, and / or through said at least one primary through-opening, respectively through said at least one secondary through-opening.
[0016] According to a variant, said at least one primary holding means, respectively said at least one secondary holding means, comprises at least one tray which comprises at least one external part which extends or which is intended to extend to from said first skin, respectively from said second skin, and in the first direction, respectively in the second direction.
[0017] Yet another characteristic concerns the fact that the wall comprises securing means which are configured to secure said at least one primary holding means and said first skin, respectively said at least one secondary holding means and said second skin.
[0018] Alternatively, the wall comprises mounting means which are configured to mount said at least one tray on the first skin, respectively on the second skin.
[0019] Such mounting means are, more particularly, configured to mount said at least one tray in a movable manner relative to the first skin, respectively relative to the second skin, this between a folded position and a deployed position relative to this first skin, respectively relative to this second skin.
[0020] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such an integrated formwork wall.
[0021] Thus, the wall with integrated green formwork according to the invention comprises, on the one hand and at least inside at least one part of the internal volume, a growing substrate and, on the other hand, at least one primary holding means (respectively at least one secondary holding means) of this growing substrate at least inside said at least one part of this internal volume. Such a primary (respectively secondary) holding means advantageously makes it possible to prevent growing substrate (which is contained inside at least one part of the internal volume of the wall) from escaping from the wall (more particularly from the internal volume of this wall) and through said primary through opening (respectively through said secondary through opening) of this wall.Such a primary (respectively secondary) holding means also allows vegetation, sown or planted in said growing substrate, to extend outside the wall and the front of the first skin (respectively the front of the second skin) of this wall, either through such a primary (respectively secondary) holding means, more particularly when the latter takes the form of an openwork element, or inside such a primary (respectively secondary) holding means, more particularly when the latter takes the form of a tray.
[0022] The integrated green formwork wall also comprises means for mounting said at least one tray on the first skin (respectively on the second skin), this being movable relative to this first skin (respectively relative to this second skin), between a folded position relative to this first skin (respectively relative to this second skin) and a deployed position relative to this first skin (respectively relative to this second skin). This characteristic allows, advantageously and in the folded position of such a tray, such a tray to constitute a formwork element configured to define a primary through opening of the first skin (respectively to define a secondary through opening of the second skin), this within the framework of a manufacturing process of the integrated formwork wall.
[0023] Other aims and advantages of the present invention will appear during the description which follows relating to embodiments which are given only as indicative and non-limiting examples.
[0024] Understanding of this description will be facilitated by referring to the attached drawings in which:
[0025] [Fig-1] is a schematic and front view of a wall with integrated green formwork in accordance with the invention.
[0026] [Fig.2] is a schematic side view of the integrated green formwork wall which is illustrated [Fig.l] and which comprises at least one primary retaining means according to a first embodiment.
[0027] [Fig.3] is a schematic side view of the integrated green formwork wall which is illustrated [Fig.l] and which comprises at least one primary retaining means according to a second embodiment.
[0028] [Fig.4] is a schematic and perspective view of a primary holding means, which is in accordance with the second embodiment, and which is illustrated [Fig.3].
[0029] [Fig.5] is a schematic, partial, side view of the integrated green formwork wall which is illustrated [Fig.3] and which comprises at least one primary holding means in accordance with the second embodiment, this in the folded position.
[0030] [Fig.6] is a schematic, partial, side view of the integrated green formwork wall which is illustrated [Fig.3] and which comprises at least one primary holding means in accordance with the second embodiment, this in the deployed position.
[0031] [Fig.7] is a schematic and top view of the integrated green formwork wall which is illustrated [Fig.l].
[0032] The present invention relates to the field of construction and, more particularly, to the factory manufacture of walls with integrated formwork intended to be installed on a construction site for the construction of a building, a decorative work or a work to combat noise and / or pollution.
[0033] The invention then relates more particularly to a wall with integrated green formwork 1 which, in the remainder of the description and for reasons of brevity, will be referred to as “wall 1”.
[0034] Such a wall 1 comprises a first skin 2, which is intended to be oriented in a first direction, and which is made of a hydraulic material, more particularly concrete.
[0035] This first skin 2 comprises at least one primary through opening 20, or even (and preferably) a plurality of primary through openings 20. Such a primary through opening 20 is delimited by a lower edge 21, by an upper edge 22 and by lateral edges that the first skin 2 comprises.
[0036] Such a wall 1 also comprises a second skin 3, which is intended to be oriented in a second direction opposite to the first direction, which is parallel to the first skin 2, and which is positioned at a determined distance from the first skin 2 so as to define an internal volume 4. This second skin 3 is made of a hydraulic material, more particularly concrete.
[0037] Said wall 1 also comprises connection means 5 which are configured to connect the first skin 2 and the second skin 3. Such connection means 5 comprise, on the one hand, a first end which is embedded inside the first skin 2, on the other hand, a second end which is embedded inside the second skin 3 and, on the other hand, an intermediate part, which extends between the first end and the second end. Such connection means 5 may take the form of rods or bars and / or be made of a metallic, polymer, synthetic or composite material (in particular fiberglass).
[0038] According to the invention, this wall 1 comprises, on the one hand and at least inside at least one part of said internal volume 4, a culture substrate S and, on the other hand, at least one primary holding means 6, which completes said at least one primary through opening 20, and which is configured to hold the culture substrate S at least inside said at least one part of said internal volume 4.
[0039] Such a primary holding means 6 then advantageously makes it possible to prevent this culture substrate S from escaping from the wall 1 (more particularly from the internal volume 4 of this wall 1), this through said at least one primary through opening 6.
[0040] A first type of embodiment of such a wall 1 corresponds, more particularly, to a wall which is configured to be used in the context of the construction of a building, in particular a residential building or a garage.
[0041] Such a wall 1 can, then, be of the load-bearing type or not.
[0042] In the attached figures, such a wall 1 has been illustrated which is, preferably, a load-bearing wall.
[0043] In such a wall 1, the first skin 2 is intended to be oriented in a first direction which corresponds to the exterior of the building while the second skin 3 is intended to be oriented in a second direction which corresponds to the interior of the building.
[0044] Such a wall 1 may then comprise at least one intermediate element 7, which is interposed between the first skin 2 and the second skin 3, which is parallel to the first skin 2 as well as to the second skin 3, and which is positioned at a determined distance from the first skin 2 so as to define a first part 40 of said internal volume 4 which internally comprises the culture substrate S.
[0045] Said at least one intermediate element 7 is crossed by said connection means 5.
[0046] According to another characteristic, such an intermediate element 7 comprises at least one thermal insulating plate 70.
[0047] Alternatively or (and preferably) additionally, such an intermediate element 7 comprises at least one sealing or drainage means 71.
[0048] Such a sealing or drainage means 71 may consist of a membrane, a film, a sheet or a plate.
[0049] When said at least one intermediate element 7 comprises a thermal insulating plate 70, such a sealing or drainage means 71 is positioned between this thermal insulating plate 70 and the first skin 2, or is even attached to said at least one thermal insulating plate 70.
[0050] Such a sealing or drainage means 71 is held in position relative to such a thermal insulating plate 70 (in particular applied against such a thermal insulating plate 70), this by means of collars which equip the connection means 5, by gluing or by stapling on this thermal insulating plate 70.
[0051] Yet another characteristic concerns the fact that said at least one intermediate element 7 comprises at least one stiffening means 72 which is configured to stiffen said at least one intermediate element 7.
[0052] As visible in [Fig.7], said at least one intermediate element 7 comprises grooves 73 of which at least one part comprises, internally, at least one such stiffening means 72.
[0053] In this regard, it will be observed that it is, more particularly, the thermal insulating plate 70 which comprises such grooves 73. These grooves 73 open out at the level of the face of the thermal insulating plate 70 which is oriented in the direction of the second skin 3 of the wall 1 or (and preferably) which is oriented in the direction of the first skin 2 of the wall 1. Preferably, these grooves 73 extend vertically and / or adopt a dovetail section.
[0054] With regard to said at least one stiffening means 72, this may comprise a plate, a beam or a girder, in particular made from a hydraulic mixture, more particularly from concrete.
[0055] In fact, such a hydraulic mixture is poured inside a groove 73 as described above and, after hardening, defines said at least one stiffening means 72.
[0056] According to another visible characteristic [Fig.7], the connection means 5 can pass through said at least one stiffening means 72 as well as said at least one intermediate element 7. This characteristic advantageously makes it possible to immobilize said at least one stiffening means 72 relative to the connection means 5 and, therefore, to immobilize said at least one intermediate element 7 relative to such connection means 5 and, due to the anchoring of these connection means 5 inside the first skin 2 and the second skin 3, to immobilize said at least one intermediate element 7 relative to the first skin 2 as well as relative to the second skin 3.
[0057] Yet another characteristic concerns the fact that said at least one intermediate element 7 is positioned at a determined distance from the second skin 3, this so as to define (between said at least one intermediate element 7 and the second skin 3) a second part 41 of said internal volume 4 intended to be filled with a hydraulic mixture or filled with such a hydraulic mixture, in particular concrete.
[0058] A second type of embodiment of the wall 1 according to the invention corresponds, more particularly, to a wall which is configured to be used in the context of the creation of a decorative work or a work to combat noise and / or pollution.
[0059] According to a first embodiment of this second type of embodiment, such a wall 1 comprises said first skin 2, said at least one primary through opening 20, said second skin 3, said internal volume 4, said connection means 5, said culture substrate S (at least inside at least one part of said internal volume 4) as well as said at least one primary holding means 6, which have the characteristics described above.
[0060] According to a second embodiment of this second type of embodiment, this wall 1 may comprise, in addition to the characteristics of the first embodiment, at least one secondary through opening, or even (and preferably) a plurality of secondary through openings, which the second skin 3 of this wall 1 comprises.
[0061] Here again, such a secondary through opening is delimited by a lower border, by an upper border and by lateral borders which the second skin 3 comprises.
[0062] This wall 1 also comprises at least one secondary holding means, which completes said at least one secondary through opening, and which is configured to hold the culture substrate S at least inside said at least one part of said internal volume 4.
[0063] With regard to said at least one primary holding means 6, according to a first embodiment notably illustrated [Fig.2], said at least one primary holding means 6 comprises at least one openwork element 8 which extends inside of said at least one primary through opening 20 and / or through said at least one primary through opening 20.
[0064] Additionally, said at least one secondary holding means also comprises at least one perforated element which extends inside said at least one secondary through opening and / or through said at least one secondary through opening.
[0065] Such an openwork element 8 can take the form of a grid or a plate provided with through holes.
[0066] It is, more particularly, through such an openwork element 8 that vegetation V extends which has been sown or planted inside the culture substrate S, this as visible [Fig.2]. This vegetation V then extends, depending on the case, in front of the first skin 2 or in front of the second skin 3.
[0067] According to a second embodiment, notably illustrated in Figures 3 to 6, said at least one primary holding means 6 comprises at least one tray 9 which comprises at least one external part 90 which extends or which is intended to extend from said first skin 2 and in the first direction.
[0068] As visible in figures 3 and 6 in the appendix, said at least one external part 90 of such a tank 9 extends in front of the first skin 2, laterally and / or projecting relative to the plane along which this first skin 2 extends.
[0069] Said at least one external part 90 of such a container 9 comprises culture substrate S inside which the vegetation V is sown or planted, which then extends in front of the first skin 2 as visible [Fig.3].
[0070] Additionally, said at least one secondary holding means also comprises at least one tray which comprises at least one external part which extends or which is intended to extend from said second skin 3 and in the second direction.
[0071] Said at least one external part of such a tank extends in front of the second skin 3, laterally and / or projecting relative to the plane along which this second skin 3 extends.
[0072] Said at least one external part of such a container comprises culture substrate S inside which vegetation V is sown or planted, which then extends in front of the second skin 3.
[0073] It will be observed that, compared to an openwork element 8, such a tray 9 has the advantage of offering more exposure to light and, thus, better growth of the vegetation V.
[0074] According to another characteristic, said at least one tray 9 can be made of a synthetic material, in particular polymer (for example ABS or PMA), more particularly by molding, injection or thermoforming. However, and according to a preferred embodiment, said at least one tray 9 is made of a material metallic and / or is made of a sheet (for example steel, particularly stainless steel, or iron, particularly zinc-plated, more particularly electro-galvanized, or even lacquered) folded or even welded.
[0075] Such a container 9 comprises a bottom 91 as well as a front wall 92 and side walls 93, or even a rear wall, these walls (92, 93) extending from this bottom 91.
[0076] Another characteristic concerns the fact that the wall 1 comprises securing means 10 which are configured to secure said at least one primary holding means 6 and said first skin 2.
[0077] Additionally, the wall 1 may also comprise securing means which are configured to secure said at least one secondary holding means and said second skin 3.
[0078] Also and when said at least one primary holding means 6 (respectively said at least one secondary holding means) comprises at least one openwork element 8, such securing means 10 may be constituted by embedding a part of such an openwork element 8 (more particularly of a peripheral edge that such an openwork element 8 comprises) inside the first skin 2 (respectively inside the second skin 3), more particularly inside the concrete of this first skin 2 (respectively of this second skin 3).
[0079] When said at least one primary holding means 6 (respectively said at least one secondary holding means) comprises at least one perforated element 8 or at least one tray 9, such securing means 10 may be constituted by fixing means (in particular in the form of at least one screw, at least one dowel, at least one stud or the like) of such a perforated element 9 or such a tray 9 on said first skin 2 (respectively on said second skin 3).
[0080] Alternatively to the securing means 10, said wall 1 may comprise mounting means 11 which are configured to mount said at least one tray 9, as the case may be, on the first skin 2 or on the second skin 3.
[0081] In fact, such mounting means 11 can be configured to mount said at least one tray 9 in a movable manner relative to the first skin 2, between a folded position relative to this first skin 2 ([Fig.5]) and a deployed position relative to this first skin 2 ([Fig.6]).
[0082] Additionally, such mounting means may also be configured to mount said at least one tray in a movable manner relative to the second skin 3, between a folded position relative to this second skin 3 and a deployed position relative to this second skin 3.
[0083] In this regard, it will be observed that, in the folded position of such a tray 9 ([Fig.5]), such a tray 9 can, advantageously, constitute a formwork element which is configured to define said at least one primary through opening 6 of the first skin 2 (respectively to define said at least one secondary through opening of the second skin 3), this within the framework of a manufacturing process of the wall 1 in the factory.
[0084] In the deployed position of such a tray 9 ([Fig.6]), at least a part of such a tray 9 (more particularly the aforementioned external part 90 of such a tank 9) extends from said first skin 2, in a direction opposite to that of the second skin 3, in front of the first skin 2, laterally and / or projecting relative to the plane along which this first skin 2 extends.
[0085] Additionally, in the deployed position of such a tray associated with the second skin 3, at least a portion of such a tray (more particularly the aforementioned external portion of such a tray) extends from said second skin 3, in a direction opposite to that of the first skin 2, in front of the second skin 3, laterally and / or projectingly relative to the plane along which this second skin 3 extends.
[0086] According to another characteristic, the mounting means 11 may comprise at least one guide means 110, which equips the first skin 2 (respectively which equips the second skin 3), and which is configured to guide said at least one tray 9 during its movement between the folded position ([Fig.5]) and the deployed position ([Fig.6]).
[0087] Such a guide means 110 may be constituted by a guide rail which equips the first skin 2, respectively the second skin 3, (more particularly the upper edge 22 which this first skin 2 comprises, respectively which this second skin 3 comprises) and which is configured to guide one of the side walls 93 of said tank 9.
[0088] Yet another feature concerns the fact that the mounting means 11 may comprise, on the one hand, the lower edge 21 (which comprises said first skin 2 and which delimits said at least one primary through opening 20) as well as the bottom 91 (which comprises said at least one tray 9 and which rests on said lower edge 21) and, on the other hand, at least one attachment means 111 (more particularly a attachment rim) which comprises or which equips (more particularly internally) the first skin 2 (more particularly which comprises the upper edge 22 which comprises said first skin 2 and which delimits said at least one primary through opening 20) as well as at least one complementary attachment means 112 (in particular in the form of a cutout, a hook, a tab, a finger or the like), which comprises said at least one tray 9 (more particularly which comprises a side wall 93 of such a tray 9), and which cooperates with said at least one attachment means 111.
[0089] Additionally, the mounting means may also comprise, on the one hand, the lower edge (which comprises said second skin 3 and which delimits said at least one secondary through opening) as well as the bottom (which comprises said at least one tray and which rests on said lower edge) and, on the other hand, at least one attachment means (more particularly a attachment rim) which comprises or which equips (more particularly internally) the second skin 3 (more particularly which comprises the upper edge which said second skin 3 comprises and which delimits said at least one secondary through opening) as well as at least one complementary attachment means (in particular in the form of a cutout, a hook, a tab, a finger or the like), which said at least one tray comprises (more particularly which comprises a side wall of such a tray), and which cooperates with said at least one attachment means.
[0090] Yet another characteristic concerns the fact that the wall 1 comprises, inside said at least one part of the internal volume 4, at least one retaining means 12 which is configured to vertically retain the culture substrate S contained in said at least one part of said internal volume 4.
[0091] Such a retaining means 12 comprises, on the one hand, an internal part which is embedded inside the first skin 2 and, on the other hand, an external part, which extends inside the internal volume 4, outside the first skin 2 and in the direction of the second internal 3. At least this external part extends in a substantially horizontal manner.
[0092] Additionally, such a retaining means may comprise, on the one hand, an internal part which is embedded inside the second skin 3 and, on the other hand, an external part, which extends inside the internal volume 4, outside the second skin 3 and in the direction of the first internal 2. At least this external part extends in a substantially horizontal manner.
[0093] Such a retaining means 12 is preferably set back relative to the second skin 3, respectively relative to the first skin 2 (or even relative to said at least one intermediate element 7), this so as to define a space between such a retaining means 12 and, as the case may be, the second skin 3, the first skin 2 and said at least one intermediate element 7.
[0094] Such a retaining means 12 may take the form of a plate or a grid.
[0095] According to another characteristic, the wall 1 comprises, inside said at least a part of said internal volume 4, at least one means of irrigation 13 of the culture substrate S.
[0096] Such an irrigation means 13 may comprise at least one pipe, in particular a pierced one.
[0097] Such an irrigation means 13 may come to rest on said at least one means of restraint 12, or even be made integral with such a restraint means 12.
[0098] The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a wall 1 which has at least some of the characteristics described above.
[0099] According to a first embodiment, this manufacturing method comprises a step which consists of positioning, inside a mold, on the one hand, at least one formwork means which is configured to define at least a part of said at least one primary through opening 20 and, on the other hand, said at least one primary holding means 6.
[0100] In this regard, it will be observed that, when such a primary holding means 6 comprises at least one tray 9 as described above, said at least one tray 9, on the one hand, comprises at least one part (more particularly the bottom 91 and the side walls 93) which constitutes at least one part of said at least one formwork means and, on the other hand, is positioned inside the mold, this in the folded position.
[0101] The manufacturing process then comprises a step which consists of pouring, inside the mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the first skin 2.
[0102] This manufacturing method then comprises a step which consists of positioning the connection means 5, this inside the mold and so that a part of said connection means 5 (more particularly the first end of these connection means 5) is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture.
[0103] The manufacturing process then comprises a hardening step which consists of allowing or causing to harden (in particular by heating and / or inside an oven) the hydraulic mixture contained in the mold, in order to obtain the first skin 2.
[0104] This manufacturing process then comprises a step which consists of pouring, into another mold, a hydraulic mixture intended to constitute the second skin 3.
[0105] This manufacturing method then comprises a step which consists, on the one hand, in turning over an assembly which comprises at least the first skin 2 and the connection means 5 and, on the other hand, in embedding another part of the connection means 5 (more particularly the second end of these connection means 5) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in this other mold.
[0106] This manufacturing process finally comprises a hardening step which consists of allowing or causing to harden (in particular by heating and / or inside an oven) the hydraulic mixture contained in this other mold, in order to obtain the second skin 3.
[0107] It will be observed that, before pouring a hydraulic mixture into this other mold, the manufacturing method may further comprise a step which consists of positioning, inside this other mold, on the one hand, at least one formwork means which is configured to define at least a part of said at least one secondary through opening and, on the other hand, said at least one secondary holding means which may comprise at least one tray which is as described above and which, on the one hand, comprises at least one part (more particularly the bottom and the side walls) which constitutes at least one part of said at least one formwork means and, on the other hand, is positioned inside this other mold, this in the folded position.
[0108] According to a second embodiment, this manufacturing method comprises a step which consists of pouring, inside a mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the second skin 3.
[0109] This manufacturing method then comprises a step which consists of positioning the connection means 5, this inside the mold and so that a part of said connection means 5 (more particularly the second end of these connection means 5) is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture.
[0110] This manufacturing process then comprises a hardening step which consists of allowing or causing to harden (in particular by heating and / or inside an oven) the hydraulic mixture contained in the mold, in order to obtain the second skin 3.
[0111] This manufacturing method then comprises a step which consists of positioning, inside another mold, on the one hand, at least one formwork means which is configured to define at least one part of said at least one primary through opening 20 and, on the other hand, said at least one primary holding means 6.
[0112] When such a primary holding means 6 comprises at least one tray 9 as described above, said at least one tray 9, on the one hand, comprises at least one part (more particularly the bottom 91 and the side walls 93) which constitutes at least one part of said at least one formwork means and, on the other hand, is positioned inside this other mold, this in the folded position.
[0113] This manufacturing process then comprises a step which consists of pouring, into this other mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the first skin 2.
[0114] This manufacturing method then comprises a step which consists, on the one hand, in turning over an assembly which comprises at least the second skin 3 and the connection means 5 and, on the other hand, in embedding another part of the connection means 5 (more particularly the first end of these connection means 5) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in this other mold.
[0115] Finally, the manufacturing process includes a hardening step which consists of allowing or causing to harden (in particular by heating and / or inside an oven) the hydraulic mixture contained in this other mold, in order to obtain the first skin 2.
[0116] In this regard, it will be observed that the manufacturing method according to this second embodiment may also comprise, before the step which consists of pouring, inside a mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the second skin 3, a step which consists of positioning, inside this mold, on the one hand, at least a formwork means which is configured to define at least a part of said at least one secondary through opening and, on the other hand, said at least one secondary holding means which may comprise at least one tray which is as described above and which, on the one hand, comprises at least one part (more particularly the bottom and the side walls) which constitutes at least a part of said at least one formwork means and, on the other hand, is positioned inside the mold, this in the folded position.
[0117] Whatever the embodiment, the manufacturing method may also comprise a step which consists of constituting an assembly which comprises at least one intermediate element 7 (as described above) as well as the connection means 5 which pass through said at least one intermediate element 7, this before the step which consists of positioning these connection means 5 inside the mold so that a part of said connection means 5 is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture.
[0118] Also, regardless of the embodiment, the manufacturing method comprises a step which consists, on the one hand, in pouring a hydraulic mixture inside at least one groove 73 (as described above), which comprises said at least one intermediate element 7 (described above), and which is crossed by at least one of said connection means 5 and, on the other hand, in making or allowing the hydraulic mixture to harden. This step is carried out, as the case may be, after or (and preferably) before the step which consists in positioning these connection means 5 inside a mold so that a part of said connection means 5 is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture.
[0119] The wall 1 which has the characteristics described above and / or which is obtained by the manufacturing method described above is installed on a construction site.
[0120] On this site, when said at least one holding means (primary 6, or even secondary) comprises at least one tray 9, such a tray 9 is brought from the folded position to the deployed position, or even such a deployed tray 9 is filled with a culture substrate S.
[0121] On this site, at least part (or even all) of said internal volume 4 of the wall 1 is filled with a culture substrate S.
[0122] In this regard, it will be observed that, depending on the type of embodiment, the first part 40 of said internal volume 4 (first type of embodiment) or the entirety of this internal volume 4 (second type of embodiment) is filled.
[0123] This wall 1 then comprises a culture substrate S, at least inside at least part of this internal volume 4.
[0124] When the internal volume 4 comprises a second part 41, this second part 41 is filled with a hydraulic mixture (in particular concrete), this on the construction site.
[0125] The wall 1 then comprises a hydraulic mixture (in particular concrete), this inside the second part 41 of the internal volume 4 of the wall 1.
Claims
Claims
1. A wall with integrated green formwork (1) comprising: - a first skin (2), which is intended to be oriented in a first direction, and which comprises at least one primary through opening (20); - a second skin (3), which is intended to be oriented in a second direction opposite to the first direction, which is parallel to the first skin (2), and which is positioned at a determined distance from the first skin (2) so as to define an internal volume (4); - connection means (5) which are configured to connect the first skin (2) and the second skin (3); - a culture substrate (S) at least inside at least a part of said internal volume (4);- at least one primary holding means (6), which completes said at least one primary through opening (20), which is configured to hold the culture substrate (S) at least inside said at least one part of said internal volume (4), which comprises at least one tray (9) which comprises at least one external part (90) which extends or is intended to extend from said first skin (2) and in the first direction; - characterized in that it comprises mounting means (11) which are configured to mount said at least one tray (9) on the first skin (2), this in a movable manner relative to the first skin (2) as well as between a folded position and a deployed position relative to this first skin (2).;
2. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one intermediate element (7), which is interposed between the first skin (2) and the second skin (3), which is parallel to the first skin (2) as well as to the second skin (3), and which is positioned at a determined distance from the first skin (2) so as to define a first part (40) of said internal volume (4) which internally comprises the culture substrate (S).
3. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that said at least one intermediate element (7) comprises at least one thermal insulating plate (70) and / or at least one sealing or drainage means (71), in particular positioned between said thermal insulating plate (70) and the first skin (2), or even attached to said at least one thermal insulating plate (70).
4. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that said at least one intermediate element (7) comprises at least one stiffening means (72) which is configured to stiffen said at least one intermediate element (7).
5. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that said at least one intermediate element (7) is positioned at a determined distance from the second skin (3), this so as to define a second part (41) of said internal volume (4) intended to be filled with a hydraulic mixture or filled with such a hydraulic mixture.
6. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, on the one hand, the second skin (3) comprises at least one secondary through opening and, on the other hand, it comprises at least one secondary holding means, which completes said at least one secondary through opening, and which is configured to hold the culture substrate (S) inside said at least one part of said internal volume (4).
7. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to claim 1 or claim 6, characterized in that said at least one primary holding means (6) comprises at least one openwork element (8) which extends inside said at least one primary through opening (20) and / or through said at least one primary through opening (20) or that said at least one secondary holding means comprises at least one openwork element which extends inside said at least one secondary through opening and / or through said at least one secondary through opening.
8. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that said at least one secondary holding means comprises at least one tray which comprises at least one external part which extends or which is intended to extend from said second skin (3) and in the second direction.
9. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to claim 1 or claim 6, characterized in that it comprises means of securing means (10) which are configured to secure said at least one primary holding means (6) and said first skin (2) or that it comprises securing means which are configured to secure said at least one secondary holding means and said second skin (3).
10. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises mounting means (11) which are configured to mount said at least one tray on the second skin (3).
11. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the mounting means (11) are configured to mount said at least one tray (9) in a movable manner relative to the second skin (3), between a folded position and a deployed position relative to this second skin (3).
12. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to claim 1 or claim 11, characterized in that the mounting means (11) comprise at least one guide means (110), which equips the first skin (2), respectively which equips the second skin (3), and which is configured to guide said at least one tray (9) during its movement between the folded position and the deployed position.
13. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 10 to 12, characterized in that the mounting means (11) comprise, on the one hand, a lower edge (21) which comprises said first skin (2), respectively which comprises said second skin (3), and which delimits said at least one primary through opening (20), respectively said secondary through opening, as well as a bottom (91) which comprises said at least one tray (9) and which rests on said lower edge (21) and, on the other hand, at least one attachment means (111) which comprises or which equips the first skin (2), respectively which comprises or which equips the second skin (3), as well as at least one complementary attachment means (112), which comprises said at least one tray (9), and which cooperates with said at least one attachment means (111).
14. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, inside said at least one part of said internal volume (4), at least one retaining means (12) which is configured to retain vertically the culture substrate (S) contained in said at least one part of said internal volume (4).
15. Integrated green formwork wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, inside said at least one part of said internal volume (4), at least one means of irrigation (13) of the culture substrate (S).
16. A method of manufacturing a green integrated formwork wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, this manufacturing method comprises: - a step which consists in positioning, inside a mold, on the one hand, at least one formwork means which is configured to define at least a part of said at least one primary through opening (20) and, on the other hand, said at least one primary holding means (6) which comprises at least one tray (9), on the one hand, which comprises at least one part which constitutes at least a part of said at least one formwork means and, on the other hand, which is positioned inside the mold, this in the folded position; - a step which consists of pouring, inside the mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the first skin (2); - a step which consists of positioning the connection means (5), this inside the mold and so that a part of said connection means (5) is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture; - a hardening step which consists of leaving or hardening the hydraulic mixture contained in the mold, in order to obtain the first skin (2); - a step which consists of pouring, into another mold, a hydraulic mixture intended to constitute the second skin (3); - a step which consists, on the one hand, in turning over an assembly which comprises at least the first skin (2) and the connection means (5) and, on the other hand, in embedding another part of the connection means (5) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in this other mold; - a hardening step which consists of making or allowing to harden the hydraulic mixture contained in this other mold, in order to obtain the second skin (3).
17. Method for manufacturing a wall with integrated green formwork (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, this manufacturing method comprises: - a step which consists of pouring, inside a mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the second skin (3); - a step which consists of positioning the connection means (5), this inside the mold and so that a part of said connection means (5) is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture; - a hardening step which consists of leaving or hardening the hydraulic mixture contained in the mold, in order to obtain the second skin (3); - a step which consists in positioning, inside another mold, on the one hand, at least one formwork means which is configured to define at least a part of said at least one primary through opening (20) and, on the other hand, said at least one primary holding means (6) which comprises at least one tray (9), on the one hand, which comprises at least one part which constitutes at least a part of said at least one formwork means and, on the other hand, which is positioned inside this other mold, this in the folded position; - a step which consists in pouring, into this other mold, a hydraulic mixture which is intended to constitute the first skin (2); - a step which consists, on the one hand, in turning over an assembly which comprises at least the second skin (3) and the connection means (5) and, on the other hand, in embedding another part of the connection means (5) inside the hydraulic mixture contained in this other mold; - a hardening stage which consists of making or allowing to harden the hydraulic mixture contained in this other mold, in order to obtain the first skin (2).
18. Method for manufacturing a wall with integrated green formwork (1) according to any one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that it comprises a step which consists of constituting an assembly which comprises at least one intermediate element (7) as well as the connection means (5) which pass through said at least one intermediate element (7), this before the step which consists of positioning these connection means (5) inside the mold so that a part of said connecting means (5) is submerged inside the hydraulic mixture.
19. Method for manufacturing a wall with integrated green formwork (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that it comprises a step which consists, on the one hand, in pouring a hydraulic mixture inside at least one groove (73), which comprises said at least one intermediate element (7), and which is crossed by at least one of said connection means (5) and, on the other hand, in making or allowing the hydraulic mixture to harden, this after or before the step which consists in positioning these connection means (5) inside the mold so that a part of said connection means (5) is embedded inside the hydraulic mixture.