VEHICLE GLAZING AND A VEHICLE WITH SUCH GLAZING

Abstract

The invention relates to a luminous and variable-tint laminated vehicle glazing with an optical insulating layer between the cell and the light guide. Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Glazing of a vehicle and a vehicle with such glazing

[0001] The present invention relates to glazing for a vehicle, in particular glazing for a road vehicle.

[0002] It is sought to have automotive glazing with electrically controlled multifunctions without harming the performance of each of the functions and without excessively complicating the manufacturing and / or architecture.

[0003] The present invention has sought in particular to develop vehicle glazing which is both luminous and variable in tint.

[0004] To this end, the present invention relates to a vehicle glazing, luminous (or illuminable) and with variable tint, in particular road (car, truck, public transport: bus, coach, etc.) or rail (train, metro, tram), preferably curved, in particular a windshield, or even a rear window, or even a side glazing, preferably a roof, comprising a laminated (curved) glazing - transparent at least in a window clear - comprising:

[0005] - a first sheet (curved, domed), transparent, in mineral glass even technically tempered, possibly tinted and even overtinted, in particular gray or green, with a first main face and a second main face bare or coated with a functional coating (transparent) in particular of at most 200nm, (in particular first face oriented towards the outside of the vehicle and even being the external face, often called face Fl and the second face being face F2) or even first sheet intended to be the internal sheet, for example first sheet with refractive index nv of at least 1.5 in the visible

[0006] - a second sheet (curved, domed), transparent, in particular made of mineral glass or organic, possibly polymer sheet, thermoplastic, preferably clear or extra-clear (colorless), with a third main face bare or even coated with a functional coating (transparent) of at most 200nm and a fourth main face (bare or even coated with a functional coating (transparent) of at most 200nm,) second sheet in particular intended to be the inner sheet, (in particular third face facing the inside often called face F3 of the vehicle and fourth face towards the passenger compartment called face F4), or second sheet intended to be the outer sheet, second sheet with refractive index n'v in the visible in particular of at least 1.5 and at most 1.54 (especially if glass)

[0007] preferably at least one of the first and second sheets intended to be the exterior glazing is made of mineral glass

[0008] - between the first and second sheets, a polymer lamination interlayer (transparent), multi-layer (in particular 2, 3 or 4 adhesive layers and even 2, 3, 4 adhesive films), comprising (in an upper part) a first upper adhesive layer on the side of (or even preferably in adhesive contact with) the second face (bare or coated), and (in a lower part) a first lower adhesive layer on the side of (or even in adhesive contact with) the third face (bare or coated), at least one of the first upper and lower adhesive layers being an adhesive layer made of crosslinked polymer material (preferably film, or even deposited on a flexible support, in particular the external face of the first electrically conductive support or of a polarizer bonded to the first support) in particular thickness of the first lower adhesive layer (film or layer) of at most 500 pm and even 300 pm,

[0009] - between the first upper and lower adhesive layers (and in contact with the main external faces of a liquid crystal cell containing an electroactive layer comprising a liquid solution of liquid crystals (with transparent spacers),

[0010] electroactive layer between a first upper support called electroconductive (curved, flexible) having an upper electrode (upper support preferably coated with an upper electrode layer, transparent) and a first lower support called electroconductive (curved, flexible) having a lower electrode (lower support preferably coated with a lower electrode layer, transparent), the electroactive layer being between the lower and upper electrodes,

[0011] - and in particular between (in contact with) the upper electrode (layer) and the layer electroactive, an upper alignment layer, between (in contact with) the lower electrode (layer) and the electroactive layer, a lower alignment layer, (alignment layers for fixing the orientation of the liquid crystals in the OFF state),

[0012] - a guide layer, preferably clear or extraclear, (multilayer or mo no-layer, in particular film(s)), with a refractive index nO in the visible, capable of guiding (visible) light by total internal reflection, guide layer formed by the second sheet and / or a transparent layer on the third face side, called the internal guide layer, or on the fourth face side, called the external guide layer

[0013] - between the liquid crystal cell and the guide layer, an insulating layer optical, optically isolating the liquid crystal cell from the guide layer, optical isolator layer with a refractive index ni in the visible, and with nO-nl which is at least 0.04 in the visible, and even at least 0.1, and with a thickness preferably of at least 500nm and even 800nm ​​(and preferably submillimeter).

[0014] The optical isolating layer is an adhesive layer made of crosslinked polymer material, forming part of the lamination interlayer (lower part), and is an additional layer under (and even in contact with) the first lower adhesive layer or formed by the first lower adhesive layer and preferably on (and even in contact with) the third face.

[0015] The glazing further preferably comprises a light source (peripheral, preferably offset from the clear glass, preferably diodes) optically coupled with the guide layer. The light source can be removable, added, sold separately or as a kit.

[0016] The glazing further preferably comprises light extraction means, extraction of light guided in the guide layer (light extraction means on or in the guide layer). The extraction means may be temporary (detachable stickers etc.) and therefore added or replaced, in particular on the fourth face side, or permanent, in particular on the third face side.

[0017] Naturally, the guide layer (second sheet, guide layer) is an active light guide once the light source and extraction means have been mounted. The guide layer (particularly internal) preferably has a thickness E0 of at most 2 mm (and even at most 1 mm) and at least 200 pm or even 400 pm. The thickness of the guide layer can be adapted (increased) for a mechanical contribution.

[0018] The guide layer (in particular internal) may be, for example, a polymer layer, in particular a thermoplastic adhesive film, a non-adhesive thermoplastic film or an (ultra-thin) glass film.

[0019] We can choose nO as a function of ni or vice versa.

[0020] The invention lies in the use of a transparent optical insulating adhesive layer, possibly tinted:

[0021] - making possible the combined use of the light function or the tint function variable

[0022] - having adhesion with the first and second sheets and even with others layers (interlayer if necessary) according to its mechanical performance.

[0023] The optical isolator layer may optically isolate the light guide from any tinted or absorbing element or which would be disturbed by light or would disturb the guiding of the light.

[0024] The optical isolator layer can be combined with one or more other thermoplastic and / or crosslinked polymer adhesive layers, while maintaining the most compact, mechanically efficient, and transparent interlayer possible if necessary.

[0025] The optical isolating layer is an optical glue (OCA for optically clear adhesive in English, LOCA if coating obtained by liquid method) chosen with sufficiently low ni.

[0026] The optical isolating layer may be a monolayer which is a self-supporting film or a coating on a support (for example thermoplastic, of higher index of re fraction, especially non-adhesive). It can be a multilayer (multi-deposits or a film and a deposit).

[0027] The optical isolating layer is preferably single-layer for simplicity or even multi-layer crosslinked polymer (all low index).

[0028] Preferably the second glass sheet and / or any lower layer which is between the extraction means and the observer of extracted light is clear, colorless (inside in the passenger compartment, or outside outside the vehicle) rather than tinted (and even over-tinted). It is preferable to avoid any layer which significantly absorbs the extracted light (mono or polychromatic).

[0029] In the present invention, the expression crosslinked polymer relates to the family of thermosetting polymers in the broad sense (any crosslinking route).

[0030] Preferably the refractive index of any layer according to the invention is defined for a reference value in a range going from 550 and 600nm.

[0031] Preferably, the optical isolator layer is in contact with the guide layer which is the inner guide layer or the second glass sheet and even the optical isolator layer is in contact with the guide layer.

[0032] Advantageously, for greater simplicity and compactness, the first lower adhesive layer comprises, and even forms, the optical isolator layer preferably with a thickness of at least 300 μm and even 500 μm. The lower part of the lamination interlayer may comprise only this optical isolator layer or in addition a second lower adhesive layer, in particular made of film.

[0033] In particular, the optical isolating layer is a film preferably with a thickness of at least 30 pm or the optical isolating layer is a coating preferably with a thickness of at least 1 pm and even with a thickness of at least 300 pm and even 500 pm and preferably at most 800 pm if it corresponds to the first lower adhesive layer.

[0034] The glazing according to the invention can be curved, generally bent in two directions. The liquid crystal cell, although flexible, must deform locally in two directions to fit the curved shape, which is difficult.

[0035] To preserve the liquid crystal cell, at least one of the first upper and lower adhesive layers is an adhesive layer made of crosslinked polymer material, thus helping to deform the liquid crystal cell. In particular, a single adhesive layer made of crosslinked polymer material with a thickness of at least 300 pm and even 500 pm and preferably at most 800 pm is used.

[0036] We can have:

[0037] - the first upper adhesive layer which is a thermoplastic film (PVB in particular UV filter etc) and the first lower adhesive layer which is a crosslinked polymer adhesive film (or coating), preferably forming the optical isolator layer.

[0038] - or the first upper adhesive layer which is crosslinked polymer, the material crosslinked polymer is preferably selected from a polymer based on acrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, silicone, and epoxy and the first lower adhesive layer is a crosslinked polymer adhesive film (or coating), preferably forming the optical isolator layer.

[0039] We can have one or even several adjacent or non-identical liquid crystal cells (two GH or TN cells etc.).

[0040] Advantageously, the optical isolator layer is in adhesive contact with the guide layer, in particular:

[0041] - in adhesive contact with the third face (bare or even coated for example with a low index transparent layer, or an adhesion primer), the second sheet being the guide layer

[0042] - in adhesive contact with the internal guide layer.

[0043] Alternatively, in particular for mechanical and / or adhesion reinforcement, the optical insulating layer is in adhesive contact with a second lower adhesive layer (transparent), made of thermoplastic material or crosslinked polymer in adhesive contact with the third face, in particular with a refractive index n2 in the visible such that n2>n1, second lower adhesive layer in contact with the guide layer preferably which is the second sheet.

[0044] In particular, the second lower adhesive layer (single or multi-layer, preferably a film or sheet) can guide part of the rays coming from the light source. In order not to absorb these rays, it is preferably colorless, in particular extra-clear.

[0045] In particular, the second lower adhesive layer is in adhesive contact with the third face (bare or coated) and preferably of thickness of at most 0.4 mm (to gain in compactness), in particular layer based on poly(vinyl butyral) PVB (preferably with plasticizers) or copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate of EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting) or based on thermoplastic polyurethane TPU.

[0046] The first upper adhesive layer (mono or multilayer, preferably at least one film or sheet) may be in adhesive contact with the second face and preferably have a thickness of at most 0.4 mm (to gain in compactness), in particular a layer based on PVB (preferably with plasticizers and even UV filter) or EVA (thermoplastic or thermosetting).

[0047] Preferably, any PVB-based layer (in sheet form) comprises from 70% to 75% PVB, 25 to 30% plasticizer and less than 1% adjuvants. There are also PVB sheets with little or no plasticizer, such as the “MOWITAL LP BF” film from the company KURARAY.

[0048] A crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention (optical insulator layer, first or second lower and / or upper adhesive layer etc.) may contain at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% by weight of polymer(s) and even at most 20%, 10% 5% 2% 1% of additives.

[0049] A crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention may contain a main polymer (or base polymer) at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% by weight of polymer(s).

[0050] A crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention may comprise other additives (preferably less than 10% or 5% or 1% by weight of layer) such as at least one of the following:

[0051] - crosslinking agent for example photoinitiators (residual),

[0052] - plasticizers (for more flexibility)

[0053] - adhesion promoters

[0054] - additives for durability.

[0055] The polymerization or even crosslinking rate of a crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention is not necessarily 100%, the material according to can therefore include residual prepolymers, monomers, oligomers. The layer after crosslinking can be analyzed by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) in order to determine the polymerization rate.

[0056] Preferably, ni is at most 1.48 or 1.46 (or nO is at most 1.52 or even 1.5) and even nO-nl is at least 0.1 and even 0.15.

[0057] According to one characteristic, the internal guiding layer, in particular a polymer, thermoplastic or glass film or an adhesive layer (film or coating), is in contact with a lower low-index layer (coating or film), which is adhesive (thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer) or which is a coating, in particular silica, in particular porous on the third face. The lower low-index layer has a refractive index n' 1 in the visible, and with n0-n' 1 which is at least 0.04 in the visible, and preferably with a thickness of at least 100 nm. Preferably, n' 1 is at most 1.48 or 1.46 (or n0 is at most 1.52 or even 1.5) and even n0-n' 1 is at least 0.1 and even 0.15. Preferably in absolute value nl-nl' is at most 0.04 or even zero. A lower low index layer of crosslinked polymer adhesive of the same nature as the optical isolator layer (possibly less thick) may be preferred.

[0058] Between the optical insulating layer and the third face, the glazing may be free of a thermoplastic adhesive layer.

[0059] In one embodiment, the lower optical insulating and / or adhesive layer made of crosslinked polymer, for example with a refractive index of at most 1.46 or 1.4 or 1.35 or 1.3 and / or the lower low-index layer is made of crosslinked polymer adhesive, for example with a refractive index of at most 1.46 or 1.4 or 1.35 or 1.3.

[0060] The crosslinked polymer material of the optical insulating layer and / or of a lower adhesive low index layer between the optical insulating layer and the third face may preferably be chosen from a polymer based on (or essentially consisting of) polyacrylate (for example to have a refractive index ni or n'1 of at most 1.46 or 1.4), in particular fluorourethane acrylate (to have the lowest possible refractive index ni or n'1) or urethane acrylate or fluorosilicone acrylate, polysiloxanes or silicone (for example with a refractive index ni or n'1 of at most 1.4 or 1.3) in particular polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyester or even epoxy polymer, polyepoxides.

[0061] The crosslinked polymer material of the optical insulating layer / or of the lower adhesive low index layer is preferably chosen from an acrylate-based polymer, in particular urethane acrylate or silicone acrylate or silicone-based, and the polymer further having a fluorinated function.

[0062] A crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention may contain at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% by weight of polymer(s) and even at most 20%, 10% 5% 2% 1% of additives.

[0063] Regarding the optical properties, the optical insulating layer or even any crosslinked polymer or thermoplastic adhesive layer (lower and / or upper adhesive layer) may have a light transmission of at least 85% or 90% and / or a haze of less than 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%.

[0064] The glazing may have a transparency suitable for its use and even a haze of less than 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%.

[0065] Let nm be the average refractive index of the optical insulator layer over a range A of wavelengths from 380nm to 750nm, or x be the variation in refractive index of the optical insulator layer over the range A, x is at most 30% of the difference n0-nm and even at most 20% or at most 10%, this to control the color of the extracted light. This makes it possible in particular to limit colorimetric variations between the color (if polychromatic, white, etc.) of the injected light and that extracted and even better color homogeneity between different extraction patterns at various distances from the light source.

[0066] Preferably, the optical insulating layer or even more broadly any other crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention (first lower or upper adhesive layer; etc.) may preferably be photo-crosslinked by ultraviolet, for example comprises a polymer matrix photo-crosslinked by ultraviolet.

[0067] The polyacrylate described herein refers to any polymer containing repeating units derived from acrylate. The repeating unit may be substituted or unsubstituted within the permitted valence range. The acrylate polymer may be homopolymeric and / or copolymeric. In this text, the polyacrylate comprises one or more acrylates of po- lymethyl, polyethylene acrylate, polypropyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene methacrylate, polyethylene methacrylate, polypropyl methacrylate.

[0068] The epoxy polymer described herein refers to the polymer obtained after polymerization of substances containing epoxy bonds. The epoxy polymer comprises one or more bisphenol A epoxy, bisphenol A epoxy, halogenated phenolic epoxy, phenolic epoxy, cycloaliphatic epoxy, bisphenol S epoxy resin.

[0069] The crosslinked polymer material (of the optical insulator layer or even any other crosslinked polymer adhesive layer, lower and / or upper in particular) may preferably be based on (or essentially consisting of) a polymer associated with one or more other functions such as the acrylate function for photo-crosslinking (crosslinked polymer material based on urethane acrylate or based on silicone acrylate) and / or the fluorinated function to lower the refractive index in particular for the optical insulator layer (crosslinked polymer material based on fluoro-urethane acrylate or fluoro-silicone acrylate). Thus, it is preferred for the crosslinked polymer material of the optical insulator layer to be a polymer preferably based on acrylate, urethane acrylate, silicone, silicone acrylate, the polymer also having a fluorinated function.

[0070] Depending on the desired properties, the acrylate function can be used for photocrosslinking (for a urethane acrylate or a silicone acrylate). The acrylate function allows the photocrosslinking of the polymer, the skeleton of which is made up of other functions such as urethane.

[0071] The optical insulating layer (or even any other crosslinked polymer adhesive layer, lower and / or upper in particular) may in particular be a coating obtained by liquid means and obtained from a formulation preferably photocrosslinkable by UV (UVA) or even two-component crosslinking by chemical reaction. Crosslinking by UV(A) is preferred because crosslinking is faster and the equipment less expensive / more compact than by chemical reaction.

[0072] The optical insulating layer (and / or lower adhesive low index layer) may be a crosslinked polymer coating (deposited on the third face or on the support) and may preferably be based on urethane acrylate or fluoro urethane acrylate.

[0073] In a first example of an optical insulating layer (and / or lower adhesive low index layer) in the form of a coating, a crosslinkable UV resin based on acrylates is deposited on the second sheet (of mineral or organic glass) or on a polymer or glass support (UTG).

[0074] In a second example of an optical insulating layer (and / or lower adhesive low index layer) in the form of a coating, a single-component crosslinkable UV resin based on acrylates (urethane acrylate) is deposited on the second glass sheet. (mineral or organic) or on a polymer or glass support (UTG).

[0075] In a third example of an optical insulating layer (and / or lower adhesive low index layer) in the form of a coating, a crosslinkable silicone-based UV resin is deposited on the second glass sheet (mineral or organic) or on a polymer support.

[0076] The following resins may be mentioned as low-index crosslinkable liquid adhesive (for the optical insulator layer (and / or the lower adhesive low-index layer):

[0077] - based on urethane acrylate, for example from the company Norland, in particular the product called LOCA Norland NOA 1315 (ni = 1.315) which is an aliphatic urethane acrylate,

[0078] -based on fluorourethane acrylate, for example from the company Shin-A, in particular the product called SFA 335 (ni = 1.335-1.339) or SFA 387 (ni = 1.385-1.389),

[0079] - based on acrylate, for example in particular the product called UZ181A (ni = 1.47) from the company AKChemTeck, or the product called UVEKOL S15 (ni = 1.44) from the company Allnex.

[0080] Mention may be made of liquid COAs based on fluorourethane acrylate, for example from the company Shin-A, in particular the product called LOCA Shin-A 335 (ni = 1.335-1.339) or 387 (ni = 1.385-1.389).

[0081] The optical isolator layer or even more broadly any (other) crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention (lower or upper adhesive layer; lower low index adhesive layer, etc.) may comprise or even be a crosslinked polymer film, in particular of at least 30 pm or 40 pm or 50 pm.

[0082] In particular, the optical isolating layer and / or a lower and / or upper adhesive layer made of crosslinked polymer (and / or the lower low-index adhesive layer) is a film based on crosslinked polymer, in particular of at least 30 pm, in particular:

[0083] - pressure-sensitive film, and preferably chosen from polymers based on acrylate, urethane acrylate or fluoro urethane acrylate or silicone

[0084] - or a so-called post-adhesive film of partially photocrosslinked polymer before as assembly - and completely (photo)crosslinked after assembly -, and preferably a so-called photocrosslinked post-adhesive film based on acrylate.

[0085] The adhesive contact results from the continuation of photocrosslinking. Before the continuation of crosslinking, the assembled glazing is placed under vacuum for degassing, then placed in an autoclave under pressure - positive pressure of 2 to 4 bars - for example and possibly at a temperature above ambient.

[0086] In particular, the pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) film sticks by contact after applying mechanical pressure.

[0087] A pressure sensitive adhesive, abbreviated PSA and commonly referred to as a pressure sensitive adhesive, is an adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied to it so as to Bond the adhesive to the surface to be bonded. No solvent, water, or heat is required to activate the adhesive.

[0088] As the name "pressure sensitive" suggests, the degree of bonding between a given surface and the self-adhesive binder is influenced by the amount of pressure used to apply the adhesive to the target surface and the nature and density of the physical bonds formed between the adhesive and the substrate (mineral or organic glass sheet).

[0089] PSAs are generally designed to form a bond and maintain it at room temperature.

[0090] PSAs can be made of rubber, polyurethane, acrylic ester polymer, polysiloxane.

[0091] PSAs are generally elastomer based coupled with a suitable additional adhesive agent or "tackifying" agent (e.g., an ester resin).

[0092] The elastomers may preferably be based on:

[0093] - acrylates, which may be sufficiently tacky so as not to require a ta additional modifier.

[0094] - silicone, requiring special tackifying agents such as resins of "MQ" type silicate, composed of monofunctional trimethyl silane ("M") which has reacted with quadrifunctional silicon tetrachloride ("Q"), silicone-based PSAs are for example polydimethylsiloxane gums and resins dispersed in xylene or a mixture of xylene and toluene

[0095] or possibly:

[0096] - styrene-based block copolymers such as Styrene block copolymers butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene / propylene (SEP), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS),

[0097] - vinyl ethers.

[0098] - of nitriles.

[0099] PSA adhesives are marketed as rolls of double-sided adhesive with a liner on each side to protect the PSA film.

[0100] Silicone-based PSAs that may be mentioned include Dow Corning® adhesives such as 2013 Adhesive, 7657 Adhesive, Q2-7735 Adhesive, Q2-7406 Adhesive, Q2-7566 Adhesive, 7355 Adhesive, 7358 Adhesive, 280A Adhesive, 282 Adhesive, 7651 Adhesive, 7652 Adhesive, 7356 Adhesive or Taica adhesives such as OPT alpha GEL® such as K120E, K90E or MRK adhesives such as MR3050, MR3080.

[0101] Examples of acrylate-based PSAs that may be mentioned are Nitto adhesives such as CS98210U, CS98210UK or Tesa® adhesives such as OCA 69206, OCA 69208, OCA 69405.

[0102] As a low index PSA film (for the optical insulator layer and / or the lower adhesive low index layer) based on acrylate, mention may be made of the product called CS986 (ni =1.47) from the Nitto company.

[0103] As a low PSA index film (for the optical insulating layer and / or the lower adhesive low index layer) based on silicone, we can cite the product called Opt Alpha Gel from the company Taica (nl = 1.41).

[0104] Regarding the silicone, polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS or dimethicone, which is an organomineral polymer from the siloxane family, is preferred.

[0105] In an example of a crosslinked polymer adhesive layer in the form of an acrylate-based PSA film, mention may be made of the product called CS986 from Nitto with a refractive index n2 of 1.49.

[0106] The first upper adhesive layer may be a thermoplastic film, in particular PVB, and the first lower adhesive layer is a crosslinked polymer adhesive film or coating, preferably forming the optical isolator layer and even having a thickness of at least 300 pm and even 500 pm and for example at most 800 pm.

[0107] The first upper adhesive layer may be a crosslinked polymer, the crosslinked polymer material is preferably chosen from a polymer based on acrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, silicone, and epoxy and the first lower adhesive layer is a crosslinked polymer adhesive film, preferably forming the optical isolator layer and even having a thickness of at least 300 pm and even 500 pm and for example at most 800 pm.

[0108] The glazing comprises between the second face and the third face the following stack, possibly strict, as desired (the elements in parentheses are optional): - 1) first top layer preferably thermoplastic adhesive (film) PVB including UV filter / liquid crystal cell (including GH) / optical isolator layer (film or coating) / internal guide layer ( / lower low index (adhesive) layer, film or coating)

[0109] in particular internal guide layer polymer film (thermoplastic), glass or adhesive layer - 2) first top layer cross-linked polymer adhesive / crystal cell liquids (especially GH) / optical isolator layer (film or coating) / internal guide layer ( / lower low index (adhesive) layer)

[0110] in particular internal guide layer polymer film (thermoplastic), glass or adhesive layer - 3) first thermoplastic adhesive top layer, preferably PVB in particular UV filter / liquid crystal cell (in particular GH) / optical isolator layer (film or coating) / , the optical isolator layer preferably being in contact with the third face of the second sheet, second sheet forming a light guide - 4) first top layer cross-linked polymer adhesive / crystal cell liquids / optical isolator layer (film or coating), the optical isolator layer preferably being in contact with the third face of the second sheet, second sheet forming a light guide.

[0111] The stack may comprise 1 or 2 or 3 adhesive films, in particular 1 or 2 PSA or post-adhesive films and a PVB film.

[0112] For example, the lamination interlayer (mono or multilayer) may incorporate one or more functional elements (preferably functional films) in particular of subcentimetric thickness and even of at most 0.6 mm or 0.5 mm or 0.3 or 0.2 mm, and preferably of at least 30 or 40 or 50 μm, preferably chosen from at least one of the following functional films: - (in the upper part) an athermal film, reflecting infrared, and / or heating for example a polymer substrate with an electroconductive (transparent) coating, in particular with a thickness of at most 0.4 mm,

[0113] - an extractor film, in particular polymer (for example thermoplastic or thermoset), forming means of extracting guided light, for example with reliefs and / or diffusing in volume or on the surface (by a diffusing layer),

[0114] - and / or a so-called redirector film, in particular polymer (for example thermoplastic or thermoset), forming a means of redirecting light (coming from the light source on the fourth side or even offset from the glazing), local.

[0115] The polymer functional film (first electroconductive support, polymer support of the optical insulating layer, optical film: extractor, redirector, athermal etc.) is for example thermoplastic (flexible, curved following the curvature of the glazing), in particular non-adhesive to the glass, is for example: polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(butylene terephthalate) PBT, poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN),, polyimide (PI), polyurethane (PU) or cellulose triacetate (TAC), acrylic, polyolefin in particular polypropylene (PP) polycarbonate (PC) or PMMA, (coextruded) film in PET-PMMA poly(vinyl chloride) PVC.

[0116] For the athermal film, it is possible to use, for example, a clear coated PET film, for example XIR from the Eastman company, or a coextruded PET-PMMA film, for example of the SRF 3M® type.

[0117] Naturally, a polymer functional film can be multifunctional (support, barrier, optical, etc.).

[0118] The extractor film may have a custom-made extent. It may be local or cover at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% of the clear glass. The extractor film may have one or more local extraction zones (textured etc.) or occupying at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% of the clear glass (and / or at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% of the surface of the transparent film).

[0119] Furthermore, the first sheet may be tinted (preferably mineral glass) and / or one or more layers above the liquid crystal cell (or even the electrically conductive supports) may be tinted. The optical insulator layer itself may be tinted.

[0120] To do this, any tinted layer (optical insulator layer and / or layer above the liquid crystal cell) may contain (in a polymer matrix) a coloring agent (organic or inorganic), in particular a molecular dye or inorganic pigment. To be opaque, the coloring agent level can be increased.

[0121] A tinted film (crosslinked polymer adhesive coating support, adhesive layer, top, electrically conductive support) may have a light transmission of at most 50% or 40% or 30% or 20% and at least 5%.

[0122] The tinted optical insulating layer may have a light transmission of at most 50% or 40% or 30% or 20% and at least 5%.

[0123] It is possible to have several separate optical films distributed in the clear glass on the same face, for example. The optical film can be a thermoplastic or thermoset polymer film.

[0124] When an optical film is placed on the third face, it is preferred that it be local to increase the adhesive contact surface of the lamination interlayer (the optical insulator layer or the lower adhesive layer) with the third face.

[0125] Preferably the local redirecting optical film is at most 10cm wide or at most 5cm or even at most 2cm wide and in particular of a length similar to that of the linear light source (custom-made). It can be a rectangular strip with rounded corners for example.

[0126] The extent of the (local) extractor film may be significantly less than that of the second sheet. It advantageously represents less than 30%, preferably at most 25%, in particular between 1 and 10% of the extent of the second sheet. The extractor film may have any shape. It may cover the clear glass and even its edges are under the internal masking layer.

[0127] Alternatively, the local optical film (extractor or redirector) may be bonded to the guide layer (second sheet or internal guide layer) by a transparent adhesive fixing layer preferably having a refractive index close to n0.

[0128] The optical extractor or redirector film may be between the optical isolator layer and the lower adhesive layer, thermoplastic polymer or crosslinked polymer. The lower adhesive layer may be used to fix this film. The extent of the film is custom-made.

[0129] A liquid crystal cell comprises an electroactive layer (essentially and even solely) of liquid crystals, the liquid crystals having a predefined orientation or equilibrium direction. The liquid crystal cell is encapsulated between two supports (polymeric films or glass) which are maintained at a constant distance thanks to spacers (transparent, preferably point-shaped, 3D) such as beads (or cube or cylindrical circular base etc.) made of glass or polymer.

[0130] The thickness of the electroactive layer can be from 1 to 20 pm and even 5 to 15 pm.

[0131] Each support is provided with an electrode (transparent layer, for example conductive metal oxide or silver stack) and an alignment layer, in particular for planar or homeotropic anchoring.

[0132] When a preferably alternating voltage (for example 60Hz, with peak voltage of 5 to 30V and preferably with square signal) is applied to the electrodes, the cell changes from a clear state (weakly colored or even colorless) to a dark state (colored), or vice versa. The term "clear state, dark state" means that the glazing has in its clear state a light transmission in the visible greater than the light transmission it has in its dark state.

[0133] Depending on the intended application, the equilibrium orientation of the liquid crystals in interaction with the dichroic dyes when they are present, the light and dark states will correspond to an ON / OFF or OFF / ON state of energizing the electrodes. We will speak of a normally clear state of the glazing when the light transmission is the highest in the absence of voltage between the electrodes (OFF state), thus allowing vision through the glazing, while the dark state of said glazing will correspond to the energizing of the electrodes (ON state) causing a reorientation of the liquid crystals and a modification of the light transmission (the light transmission becoming lower). Conversely, we will speak of a normally dark state of a glazing when the light transmission is the lowest in the absence of voltage, while by applying a voltage, the glazing will become clear.

[0134] For example:

[0135] - in the clear state, the liquid crystal cell (especially host guests) and even the glazing can have a TL>30% or 45% or 70%

[0136] - in the dark state, the liquid crystal cell (especially host guests) and even the glazing can have a TL<20% or even 10% or 5% or 1%.

[0137] It is preferred that the liquid crystal cell (in particular host guests) and even the glazing have a haze of at most 3%, 2% or 1%.

[0138] It may be preferred that in the dark state, the liquid crystal cell (in particular host guests) and even the glazing has a neutral color defined by -4 <a<4 et -4<b<4.

[0139] For example, the liquid crystal cell (especially host guests) and even the glazing has a gray, black color.

[0140] As an example of a liquid crystal cell, we can cite those described in patent applications JP2018141891 or EP3990981.

[0141] The liquid crystal cell may have at least one of the characteristics following cumulative or alternative techniques:

[0142] - the electroactive layer contains at most 5% or 1% or 0% of polymer and precursor of polymer in the solution (excluding spacers)

[0143] - the liquid crystal cell is called “guest host” (GH), and the electroactive layer comprises at least one dichroic dye (the external faces of the first inner and outer supports are the external faces of the “host-guest” cell)

[0144] - or the liquid crystal cell is called TN (for twisted nematic, twisted nematic in English) and comprises an upper (tinted) polarizer on an upper external face of the first electrically conductive upper support and a lower (tinted) polarizer on a lower external face of the first electrically conductive lower support (the external faces of the polarizers are the external faces of the cell),

[0145] - the liquid crystal cell (GH or TN) has an aligned edge set back from the slice of the first sheet of glass, internal edge (slice) under an internal masking layer (enamel or ink) closer to the second face,

[0146] - one or the transparent supports are flexible are polymer for example of at most 200pm, or glass example of at most 400pm,

[0147] - the electrode layer (lower and / or upper) is an electro-coating conductor (functional layer stack which is a transparent conductive oxide for example ITO, IZO, AZO, SnO2:F or metallic (silver etc), these functional layers generally being interposed between dielectric layers based on oxides, nitrides and / or oxide nitrides) on the so-called front face oriented towards the electroactive layer, in particular the lower or upper electrode coatings are of identical nature and even of the same thickness and / or the transparent supports are of identical nature and even of the same thickness.

[0148] - the total thickness of the liquid crystal cell (GH or TN) is at most 1 mm and in particular host-guest cell of at most 500pm and even 30pm and TN cell of at most 600pm.

[0149] Furthermore, the glazing according to the invention may comprise an external, peripheral seal which surrounds the periphery of the edge of the liquid crystal cell, preferably an external seal which is a thermoplastic adhesive layer, in particular is in contact with

[0150] -the first adhesive top layer, protruding from the edge of the liquid crystal cell, external seal and first adhesive top layer are preferably based on PVB

[0151] - or in contact with the second face (bare or coated).

[0152] And optionally the external seal is in contact with the first lower adhesive layer, in particular forming the optical isolator layer, protruding from the edge of the liquid crystal cell, or in contact with the third face (bare or coated) and for example forming a framing layer (based on PVB for example) of the optical isolator layer.

[0153] The external seal is preferably at least a few mm wide.

[0154] The external seal may include an opaque area:

[0155] - masking a light injection zone, the light source (diodes) being under the second face, in particular housed between the second face and the third face (in a notch or a closed hole in the second sheet of the internal guide layer or in a groove) or in a notch or a closed hole in the second sheet of glass forming a guide

[0156] -or a light source on the fourth face, in particular emitting towards the main face of the guide layer (internal guide layer, second sheet).

[0157] The external seal is preferably wholly or partly offset by a window clear.

[0158] The outer seal may be in contact with an inner sealing seal preferably crosslinked polymer (epoxy etc.), which surrounds the periphery of the electroactive layer and in particular between the first and second electroconductive supports.

[0159] In particular, the first upper and / or lower adhesive layers (forming an optical isolator layer) protrude by at least 1 mm or 5 mm or 1 cm and by at most 5 cm or 2 cm from the (external) edge of the cell (GH or TN).

[0160] The edges of the first upper and / or lower adhesive layers may be aligned with an (external) edge of an external seal of the liquid crystal cell.

[0161] Another cell may be adjacent to said liquid crystal cell, and separated by an extension of the optical insulator layer or first upper adhesive layer (PVB in particular) or an external sealing joint (PVB in particular) which surrounds the periphery of the edge of the liquid crystal cell.

[0162] It is preferable and even generally essential that the glazing includes at least one transparent zone, called "glass clear" or daylight clear, not covered by an opaque (internal), peripheral masking layer. The glass clear is thus a central zone.

[0163] This clear glass generally represents at least 20%, preferably at least 50% and in particular at least 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% of the total surface area of ​​the glazing, including the areas covered by an encapsulation or seals. In other words, the opaque layer covers an area which generally represents at most 80%, preferably at most 50% and in particular at most 30% or 20 or 10% or 5% of the total surface area of ​​the glazing.

[0164] The optical density of the opaque layer is preferably at least 2 and even up to 5.

[0165] The lamination interlayer may occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or even 100% of the glazing surface.

[0166] The optical isolator layer preferably extends beyond the propagation zone, and can occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% of the surface area of ​​the glazing.

[0167] Concerning the extent of the elements, several configurations are possible, in particular the edge of the lamination interlayer (edge ​​of the optical insulator layer, of the first lower and / or upper adhesive layer) is not necessarily aligned with the edge of the first and / or second sheets and the edges of the layers of the interlayer itself are not necessarily aligned with each other.

[0168] The first upper adhesive layer may be set back from the edge of the first sheet by at most 10 mm or even at most 2 mm.

[0169] The first upper adhesive layer (and the optical isolator layer and the possible lower adhesive layer) can occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% of the surface of the glazing.

[0170] There may be several injection zones, several light sources, preferably peripheral.

[0171] The optical isolating layer may occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% of the surface area of ​​the glazing. The extraction means cover, for example, at most 90% of the surface area of ​​the glazing.

[0172] The liquid crystal cell may occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% of the surface area of ​​the glazing or a surface area smaller than 50% or 30%, for example being at least one peripheral strip for example along a lower or upper longitudinal edge of a windshield.

[0173] The glazing may therefore comprise between the second face (in particular F2) and the third face (in particular F3), an opaque, internal peripheral masking layer, in particular an enamel (black etc.) on the second face. This may be an opaque coating on the first upper thermoplastic adhesive layer, in particular PVB, for example an opaque coating based on PVB and with a coloring agent on a main face of a PVB layer (in particular upper adhesive layer) face oriented second or third face.

[0174] The internal masking layer may be 2mm or 3mm (less than 5mm) from the edge of the glazing or even up to the edge. The masking layer may be a strip framing the glazing (windshield, roof, etc.) in particular black. The entire periphery is opaque to hide bodywork elements or joints or to protect an adhesive for mounting on the vehicle. This internal masking layer delimits the clear glass. It may be advantageous for the external edge of the optical isolator layer or more broadly any adhesive layer of the lamination interlayer or the guide layer and the liquid crystal cell (and even the internal joint or the external joint) to be masked by the internal masking layer, not to be in the clear glass. of glass.

[0175] The width of the internal masking layer along the sides of a motor vehicle roof is generally less than that at the front or even the rear.

[0176] In the case where the first sheet is the exterior glazing, another masking layer, called the interior, may be on the fourth face called F4 on the passenger compartment side, in particular facing the internal masking layer (and even of an identical nature, for example an enamel, in particular black, on a second sheet of mineral glass). It may be adjacent to a possible transparent functional coating, in particular athermal, at least in the clear of the window.

[0177] In particular for an automobile roof (first sheet is the exterior glazing):

[0178] - the width of the internal (and even inner) masking layer along the edges longitudinal can be at most 30cm, especially 10-20cm.

[0179] - the width of the internal (and even inner) masking layer along the edge rear side may be at most 30cm, in particular at least 1 or 5cm, and along the front side edge at most 60cm, in particular at least 1 or 5cm.

[0180] The width of the inner masking layer is preferably greater than that of the inner masking layer.

[0181] The internal and / or interior masking layer may be an organic or mineral binder (fused glass frit) with an organic or inorganic coloring agent, in particular a molecular dye or inorganic pigment.

[0182] The internal and / or interior masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (flat with a solid edge or alternatively a gradient edge (set of patterns).

[0183] In a first case of light injection, the light source is coupled to the edge of the second sheet (or the internal guide layer) possibly in a peripheral opening notch. The light source can be housed in a polymer encapsulation as described in application WO2010049638 in particular in figure 15 or in figure 16 and even having a recess for removal, replacement of the source.

[0184] In a second case of light injection, the second sheet, in particular made of mineral glass, may comprise at least one peripheral hole (through or even blind in thickness, open on the fourth face side at least) under the internal masking layer (outside the clear glass) and the light source is coupled to the wall of the second sheet delimiting the hole, preferably housed in the hole. The light source, in particular the diodes, may be in the hole, may be associated with an optical element (light guide) between the injection wall and the light source in the hole or inside the passenger compartment. Examples of embodiments described in patents WO2018 / 178591 or WO 2013 / 110885 may be cited in particular.

[0185] The inner masking layer is for example on either side of said hole (of each hole).

[0186] The second sheet may have a plurality of (through) holes each delimited by an internal wall, and a light source (all identical or not, custom-made) is coupled to an internal wall and even housed in each (through) hole.

[0187] The hole (each hole) is preferably at most 50mm and at least 10mm wide and preferably spaced at most 200mm from the edge of the second sheet. The shape of the hole (each hole) may be oblong, circular.

[0188] The hole in the second sheet of glass (mineral) in which the light source (the diodes) is housed can advantageously be closed by a cover, preferably a removable cover, preferably integrated into a diode module, fixed on the internal edge of the hole and / or on the fourth main face (by reversible fixing means).

[0189] The through hole is obstructed by a cover, in particular forming a seal, which prevents moisture from penetrating into the window through the recess, on the third face, in particular a reflective metal sheet (aluminum, etc.) or a metallized film (plastic or mineral).

[0190] The cover also forms an optical shutter. The cover protrudes from the internal wall of the hole preferably by at most 30 mm. It can be placed on the third face or adhesively bonded and / or in adhesive contact with the interlayer (the optical isolator layer for example). The hole and / or the cover and / or the lid is for example at most 100 mm from the clear glass and preferably at least 10 or 20 mm.

[0191] In a third case of light injection, the light source is on the fourth face side, under (facing) the internal masking layer, and is coupled to the second sheet or to the internal guide layer via a redirecting optical film as already described on the third face or on the fourth face or on the internal guide layer.

[0192] The possible inner peripheral masking layer (on face F4) may include a recess so as not to block the optical coupling, in particular to allow the rays from the light source to pass towards the light redirection element.

[0193] The injection / coupling is via the light redirection element, in particular a textured redirection film on the second sheet (third or fourth face, for example a prismatic polymer film) or on the internal guide layer, the light source being opposite the fourth face, possibly off-center or even offset from this redirection film.

[0194] This redirecting film (transparent) is for example longitudinal in shape along the glazing or rounded in the corners, for example the length of the window clear. This redirecting film can have a thickness of at most 0.5 mm or 0.4 mm and in particular at least 100pm.

[0195] The redirection element / redirecting film and / or the light source is for example at most 100 mm from the window clear and / or preferably at least 10 or 20 mm.

[0196] By this redirecting film oriented towards the second face, the light passing through the second sheet (or the internal guide layer) is redirected into the second sheet (or into the internal guide layer) by reflection, or even diffusion. By this redirecting film on the fourth face (or oriented towards the third face for the internal guide layer), the light passing through the second sheet (or the internal guide layer) is redirected into the second sheet of glass (or the internal guide layer) by refraction, or even diffusion.

[0197] The optical redirecting film can be a textured and even prismatic film (with a smooth main surface (non-textured, non-functional) and an opposite textured, functional surface), flexible and therefore curved to adapt to the curvature of the glazing, a partially structured transparent plastic film forming (micro)prisms or a transparent (planar) plastic film with on a main surface a transparent layer with an arrangement of (micro)prisms. The prismatic film can be side and even on the third face (bare or coated) or side and even on the fourth face (bare or coated). The prismatic film side and even on the third face can be reflective and the reflective (micro)prisms are oriented towards the second face.

[0198] The (micro)prisms are for example oriented towards the second face.

[0199] The light extraction means may comprise:

[0200] - a texturing of a so-called textured element chosen from the internal guide layer or the second guide sheet, the optical isolator layer, the lower low index (adhesive) layer under the inner guide layer,

[0201] - or an extractor film on the internal guide layer or the second sheet forming a guide in particular in contact with the optical isolator layer

[0202] - or a diffusing layer comprising a binder and diffusing particles and / or pores, on the inner guide layer or the second guide sheet, in particular in contact with the optical isolator layer

[0203] - a local diffusing zone in the guide layer comprising dif particles fusing and / or pores, in particular laser engraving of a glass sheet (second sheet, internal guide layer).

[0204] The light extraction means may comprise an optical film between the optical isolator layer and the guide layer (inner guide layer, second sheet).

[0205] An example of a film with reflective reliefs, in particular a plastic film with a refractive index greater than or equal to nO with reflective reliefs (prisms) forming light extraction on the third face of an automobile roof, is described in patent WO2013 / 167832.

[0206] The reflective relief preferably has a low roughness so that the reflection is essentially of the specular type. The relief and roughness of the reflective interface are chosen so that the total widths at mid-height of the angular distribution of the light intensity emitted by the system are preferably between 30° and 60°.

[0207] Independently of the roughness of the reflective interface, a height or depth of the relief can be defined which is equal to the distance between the highest and lowest point of said relief. The height of the reflective relief is for example between 5 pm and 1 mm, preferably between 10 pm and 500 pm, in particular between 20 and 100 pm.

[0208] Such relief-textured polymer films are available on the market and we can cite for example the Vikuiti® Image Directing Film II film marketed by the company 3M

[0209] The optical extractor film may comprise a plurality of individual prisms, each consisting of an oblique surface and a surface substantially perpendicular to the general plane of the second sheet.

[0210] As an example of regular relief, we can cite a Fresnel lens type relief or a Fresnel prism type relief.

[0211] The relief may be reflective by a low index coating having a refractive index at least 0.04, preferably at least 0.1 lower than the index n0 of the second glass sheet or the index of the optical film with reliefs. The relief may be reflective by the optical isolator layer. The hollows of the reliefs may otherwise be filled by the optical isolator layer.

[0212] Alternatively or cumulatively, the extraction means may comprise a diffusing layer. This diffusing layer comprises diffusing elements in a matrix (transparent and even diffusing), in particular defining at least one first diffusing zone, for example with a width of at least 0.5 mm, in particular a first diffusing zone that is solid and / or comprising a set of discontinuous patterns.

[0213] The diffusing particles may have a size of the order of a micrometer in a binder, organic or mineral, allowing these particles to adhere to the surface of the second sheet or even of the interlayer. The particles may be made of metal or metal oxide.

[0214] The light extraction means may also be a textured area of ​​the optical isolator layer.

[0215] The extraction means on the third face may be completely opaque or remain transparent. On the fourth face, the extraction means have a non-zero light transmission.

[0216] The light source preferably comprises a set of light-emitting diodes nescents on a diode support, for example flexible, in particular printed circuit (like a PCB for "printed circuit board" in English), in particular elongated, linear support, a straight or curved strip. Several strips can be provided, connected to each other etc., along an edge etc.

[0217] The light source may be between the second and third faces (coupled to the internal guide layer). The diode support may be wholly or partly between the second and third faces, curved (flexible) to adapt to the curvature of the glazing and even the diode support (in particular if side-emitting diodes and / or support along the second or third face) protrude from the edge of the glazing.

[0218] The diode support and the diodes may be in an L-shaped or U-shaped profile which is wholly or partly between the second and third faces (in a groove, within a framing layer, etc.) in particular a curved (flexible) profile to adapt to the curvature of the glazing.

[0219] The light source may comprise an extractor optical fiber coupled with a primary light source (light-emitting diode(s) etc.).

[0220] Preferably the diodes are surface-mounted components on the front face of a diode support which is a printed circuit board called a PCB board (with conductive tracks).

[0221] Diodes have, for example, a Lambertian or quasi-Lambertian emission.

[0222] The width (or length) of a diode with a single semiconductor chip, generally a square-shaped diode, is preferably at most 5mm.

[0223] The width of the diode support (of the PCB board), in particular strip, is preferably at most 5cm, better still at most 2cm, and even at most 1cm.

[0224] One can have one or more light sources (peripheral, preferably offset from the window clear), several sets of diodes. The source(s) are elongated, linear over at least 10cm and / or more local, in particular in a hole or several holes separate from the guide layer or from a hole in a peripheral layer (framing layer).

[0225] One or more light sources (identical or not) may be used, for example electrical and / or consisting of electroluminescent devices (LEDs, etc.). The light source(s) may be monochromatic (emitting in blue, green, red, etc.) or polychromatic, or may be adapted or combined to produce, for example, white light, etc.; they may be continuous or discontinuous, etc.

[0226] The light source can be extended linearly (rectangular strip like a bar of diodes) along one side of the glazing (longitudinal edges) or split (with similar or distinct light, for example different color intensity, controlled independently or simultaneously) along both sides.

[0227] The light source, preferably comprising a set of light-emitting diodes- emerging, perhaps under the second face:

[0228] - bonded to the second face (by an upper adhesive layer or not, if layer upper adhesive more recessed)

[0229] -and even between the second face and the third face in particular linked to the second face or to the third face and / or linked to the internal guide layer (adhesive or with added glue).

[0230] The light source can be coupled to the edge of the guide layer and all or part of it can be external to the edge of the glazing. The light source (the diodes and even the diode support) can be housed in a polymer encapsulation such as that described in application WO2010049638, in particular in figure 15 or in figure 16 and even having a recess for removal, replacement of the source.

[0231] The injection of light, from the light source which preferably comprises a set of light-emitting diodes on a diode support, into the guide layer is preferably:

[0232] 1) by a slice of the guide layer (second glass sheet, guide layer internal, external)

[0233] 2) by wall delimiting a closed hole (blind or through) of the guide layer guide layer (second sheet of glass, internal guide layer), in particular light source in contact with or distant from said edge or wall (space or material in particular adhesive) of the guide layer, the light source preferably being under the second face and even between the second face and the third face.

[0234] Optionally, the light source is in a notch of the edge of the guide layer or is bonded or embedded or in a wall delimiting a closed hole (or in the vicinity) of a transparent framing layer (for optical coupling by the edge) possibly adhesive on the periphery of the edge of the guide layer (internal guide layer, second glass sheet,).

[0235] Or:

[0236] 2) by a light redirection element, local such as an optical redirection film, preferably on the third main face or fourth main face side, the light source then being opposite or offset from the fourth main face, in particular the light source and light redirection element offset by a window clear.

[0237] In particular, the optical coupling is direct or via an optic, in particular a light source and a light redirection element offset by a window clear and facing an internal masking layer.

[0238] The power supply to the light source (diodes) can be provided by a current supply integrated into the laminated glazing, for example an electric wire incorporated in the lamination interlayer, or this electric wire can be applied to the fourth main face of the second sheet (inner sheet, side passenger compartment), and possibly be protected by a cover.

[0239] The light source may be on the fourth face side, under (facing) the internal masking layer, and is coupled to the guide layer via a redirecting optical film as already described.

[0240] The light source on the fourth face may be associated with collimation optics. The light source with a possible collimator may be fixed on the fourth face, by direct gluing or by being spaced and on a peripheral support fixed on the fourth face.

[0241] The possible inner peripheral masking layer (on face F4) may include a recess so as not to block the optical coupling, in particular to allow the rays from the light source to pass towards the light redirection element.

[0242] This redirecting film (transparent) is for example longitudinal in shape along the glazing or rounded in the corners, for example the length of the window clear. This redirecting film can have a thickness of at most 0.5 mm or 0.4 mm and in particular at least 0.1 mm.

[0243] The redirecting film and / or the light source is for example at most 100mm from the window clear and / or preferably at least 10 or 20mm.

[0244] By this redirecting film on the second face side, the light passing through the guide layer is redirected into the guide layer by reflection, or even diffusion. By this redirecting film on the third face side, the light passing through the glass guide layer is redirected into the guide layer by refraction, or even diffusion.

[0245] The optical redirecting film can be a textured and even prismatic film (with a smooth main surface (non-textured, non-functional) and an opposite textured, functional surface), flexible and therefore curved to adapt to the curvature of the glazing, a partially structured transparent plastic film forming (micro)prisms or a transparent (plane) plastic film with on a main surface a transparent layer with an arrangement of (micro)prisms. The (micro)prisms are oriented towards the third face or towards the second face.

[0246] The prismatic film on the second face can be reflective and the reflective (micro)prisms are oriented towards the second face.

[0247] The thickness of the layer(s) between the second face and the third face is preferably at most 2 mm or 1.5 mm or 1 mm.

[0248] The thickness between the first face and the fourth face is preferably at most 9 mm or 7 mm, in particular for a road vehicle.

[0249] The first sheet is preferably made of mineral glass, possibly tempered, in particular if intended to be the outer sheet and if the second sheet is made of organic glass. In particular for road glazing, the first (outer) sheet is preferably with a thickness of at most 2.5mm, even at most 2.2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - and even with a thickness of at least 0.7mm /

[0250] In particular, the first sheet is the outer sheet and even made of mineral glass and the glazing is chosen from a roof, a windshield, a side window.

[0251] The first sheet may alternatively be the internal sheet and in particular, the glazing is chosen from a windshield, a side window, a rear window, a rear door glazing, and in particular the external sheet is made of mineral glass, in particular tempered glass.

[0252] The second mineral glass sheet in particular may be the second sheet intended to be the inner sheet, in particular with a thickness of at least 0.7 mm, possibly less than that of the first outer glass sheet, even at most 2.2 mm - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - or even at most 1.3 mm or at most 1 mm.

[0253] The total thickness of the first and second sheets (of mineral glass in particular) is preferably strictly less than 5 or 4 mm, even 3.7 mm.

[0254] The first and second sheets of glass (mineral in particular) may be of substantially identical size, for example generally rectangular shape. The first sheet (if external) may have a larger size than the second sheet (if internal), thus exceeding this second sheet over at least part of its periphery, possibly a smaller second sheet (passenger compartment side) with a recessed edge in particular of at most 10 or 5 cm from the edge of the first sheet of glass, on one edge or several edges (longitudinal and / or lateral) in particular or over the entire periphery.

[0255] The first sheet may be a clear glass with an athermal functional coating on the second side and the optional first top layer (adhesive, thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer) is tinted or clear.

[0256] The first mineral glass sheet may be based on silica, soda-lime, preferably silicosodo-lime, or even aluminosilicate, or even borosilicate. It may have a weight content of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe2O3) of at least 0.4% and preferably at most 1.5%.

[0257] The second mineral glass sheet may in particular be based on silica, soda-lime, silicosodo-lime, or aluminosilicate, or borosilicate. To limit absorption, it has a weight content of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe2O3) of at most 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300 ppm) and at most 0.015% (150 ppm) and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox of the second glass sheet is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15.

[0258] In the present text, the light transmission is calculated from the transmission spectrum between 380 and 780 nm taking into account the illuminant A and the observer CIE 1964 reference (10°).

[0259] The light transmission and tint of each of the glass sheets are adjusted by the chemical composition of the glass and the thickness of the glass sheet. The chemical composition of the glass comprises a colorless base, preferably soda-lime-silica (but other glasses may be used, in particular borosilicate or aluminosilicate glasses), as well as a coloring part. The coloring part comprises in particular one or more colorants chosen from transition metal oxides - in particular iron oxides (ferrous and ferric), cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, nickel oxide, rare earth oxides, in particular erbium oxide, and selenium.

[0260] A clear glass sheet is a sheet having, for example, a light transmission of at least 85%, or even at least 90%. It generally does not include any coloring part except for unavoidable impurities, in particular iron oxides, in a total content of between 0.005 and 0.200% by weight, in particular between 0.010 and 0.150% by weight, or even between 0.030 and 0.120% by weight.

[0261] A tinted glass sheet is a glass sheet having, for example, a light transmission of between 50 and 80%, in particular between 60 and 75%. It comprises a coloring part, for example consisting of iron oxides, in a total content of between 0.4 and 1.2% by weight, in particular between 0.6 and 1.1% by weight. The glasses obtained are then green, possibly yellowish or blueish-green depending on the proportion of ferrous iron. According to other examples, cobalt oxide, selenium and / or erbium oxide are added in order to impart a tint, for example blue or gray.

[0262] A sheet of over-tinted glass is a sheet of glass having, for example, a light transmission of between 5 and 50%, in particular between 8 and 40%. It comprises a coloring part, for example, consisting of iron oxides, in a total content of between 1.0 and 2.3% by weight, in particular between 1.1 and 2.0% by weight, as well as cobalt and chromium oxides and / or selenium. The coloring part comprises, for example, the following colorants, in the weight contents defined below: Fe2O3 (total iron) of 1.2 to 2.3%, in particular of 1.5 to 2.2%, CoO of 50 to 400 ppm, in particular of 200 to 350 ppm, Se of 0 to 35 ppm, in particular of 10 to 30 ppm. The redox is preferably between 0.1 and 0.4, in particular between 0.2 and 0.3. Redox is understood to mean the weight ratio between the ferrous iron content (expressed as FeO) and the total iron content (expressed as Fe2O3). The glasses obtained are in particular green or gray.

[0263] The second sheet may be made of organic glass, in particular based on polyurethane (PU) typically with n'v of approximately 1.47, polycarbonate (PC) typically with n'v of approximately 1.59, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) typically with n'v of approximately 1.47, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with n'v of approximately 1.54.

[0264] The second organic glass sheet may be flexible to follow the curvature of the first curved sheet or the second organic glass sheet may be preformed.

[0265] With organic glass such as PC or PMMA, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or a crosslinked polymer material is preferred (for greater chemical compatibility) to PVB as the lower thermoplastic adhesive layer. Thermoplastic or thermoset EVA can also be chosen.

[0266] The first sheet of glass may preferably be made of tempered glass if the second sheet is made of organic glass.

[0267] In the present invention, the expression tempered glass means thermally tempered glass in the absence of any precision, and preferably tempered glass during a glass bending operation.

[0268] The second face (in particular with a first colorless glass sheet and an upper tinted adhesive layer, first additional layer or other layer) may have a functional coating (stack of thin layers etc.) athermal or heating, comprising an electrically conductive coating, (low emissive, heating). The electrically conductive coating may be a stack of thin layers, with one or more metallic layers (silver etc.) between layers, for example of metal oxide or nitride or oxynitride. The electrically conductive coating is less than 200nm thick and even less than 160nm. The electrically conductive coating may be in contact with an optionally tinted layer which is:

[0269] - the first additional upper adhesive layer (thermoplastic or polymer crosslinked) - an additional adhesive layer, thermoplastic (PVB etc) or crosslinked polymer, non-adhesive thermoplastic film (PET etc).

[0270] In particular, the first sheet is made of clear or extra-clear mineral glass and the electroconductive coating is in contact with a tinted layer (such as those mentioned above).

[0271] A coating is low emissivity, in particular with the normal emissivity is preferably less than 0.50, in particular 0.30 and even 0.20 or even 0.10. It is preferably a stack of thin layers comprising at least one (in particular two, three or four) layer of silver (preferably on the second face or on a film between the second face and the liquid crystal cell, for example within the first upper additional layer) or a layer of a transparent conductive oxide (preferably on the F4 face), in particular chosen from indium tin oxides (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxides (AZO) or gallium-doped zinc oxides (GZO) or fluorine-doped tin oxides or antimony-doped tin oxides. These functional layers are generally interposed between dielectric layers based on oxides, nitrides and / or oxide nitrides.The thermal comfort of the occupants is further improved by the presence of such a stack, particularly for a roof, stacking in front F4 at base. of ITO.

[0272] The invention also relates to a vehicle, in particular a road or automobile vehicle, incorporating the glazing defined above.

[0273] In the mounted position in the motor vehicle, in the case of a laminated roof the fourth face is preferably the inner face of the motor vehicle, conventionally referred to as face F4. The roof can be opening or fixed.

[0274] The first sheet may be the outer sheet in particular, the glazing is chosen from a roof, a windshield, a side window, or the first sheet is the inner sheet in particular, the glazing is chosen from a windshield, a side window, a rear window, a rear door glazing.

[0275] Laminated glazing is generally curved, particularly in one or two directions, in order to integrate perfectly with the vehicle bodywork.

[0276] In the case of an interlayer comprising at least one thermoplastic adhesive film (in addition to an OCA film or even an OCA coating), for example the first upper adhesive layer, the method of manufacturing the glazing according to the invention may comprise lamination by autoclave treatment, for example at temperatures of 110 to 160°C and under a pressure ranging from 10 to 15 bars and even prior to the autoclave treatment, the air trapped between the glass sheets and the lamination interlayer is eliminated by calendering or by vacuum.

[0277] Other details and advantageous characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the

[0278] [Fig.l] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing for a motor vehicle according to the invention in a first embodiment.

[0279] [Fig.l'] represents a schematic front view of the glazing of [Fig.l].

[0280] [Fig.2] represents a schematic cross-sectional view of a guest host cell.

[0281] [Fig.2'] represents a schematic sectional view of a guest host cell al alternative.

[0282] [Fig.3] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing and variable tint of motor vehicle in a second embodiment.

[0283] [Fig.4] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing and variable tint of motor vehicle in a third embodiment.

[0284] [Fig.5] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing and variable tint of motor vehicle in a fourth embodiment.

[0285] [Fig.5'] represents a schematic front view of the glazing of [Fig.5].

[0286] [Fig.6] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing and variable tint of motor vehicle in a fifth embodiment.

[0287] [Fig.7] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing and variable tint of motor vehicle in a sixth embodiment.

[0288] [Fig.7'] represents a schematic front view of the glazing of [Fig.7].

[0289] [Fig.8] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a seventh embodiment.

[0290] [Fig.9] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in an eighth embodiment.

[0291] [Fig. 10] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a ninth embodiment.

[0292] [Fig. 11] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing for a motor vehicle in a tenth embodiment.

[0293] [Fig. 12] represents a view of a motor vehicle with different luminous and variable tint laminated glazing.

[0294] It should be noted that for the sake of clarity the various elements of the objects represented are not necessarily reproduced to scale.

[0295] [Fig.l] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing for a motor vehicle (or aeronautical or railway) according to the invention in a first embodiment.

[0296] [Fig.l'] represents a schematic front view of the glazing of [Fig.l].

[0297] This is a laminated glazing 100 which is here for example a car roof, rec tangular and domed, which includes:

[0298] - a first sheet 1, transparent, made of mineral glass, here forming an external sheet, for example rectangular (of dimensions 300X300 mm for example), with a composition for a tinted solar control function (Venus VG10 or TSA 4+ glass marketed by the company Saint-Gobain Glass) for example of thickness equal to 2.1 mm, or is a clear glass, with a first main face 11 corresponding here to the face Fl a second main face 12 interior side corresponding here to F2, coated with an athermal coating 16' or even heating etc, and an edge (longitudinal slices 10 and 10')

[0299] - a second sheet 1', transparent, for example mineral or organic glass, here of the same dimensions as the glass 1, forming internal glazing, passenger compartment side, having a third main face 11 corresponding to the face F3 and a fourth main face 12 which is here the face F4, and an edge (longitudinal slices 21 and 22 - of thickness equal for example to 2.1 mm or even thinner, of refractive index n'v for example of at least 1.5 in the visible

[0300] - between the first and second sheets, a polymer lamination interlayer, multi-layer, comprising a first upper adhesive layer 31 on the second face side and a first lower adhesive layer 32, on the third face side, at least one of the first upper and lower adhesive layers being an adhesive layer in crosslinked polymer material

[0301] - between the first upper and lower adhesive layers; a crystal cell liquids 2 containing an electroactive layer (details in [Fig.2] or 2')

[0302] - a guide layer, with a refractive index nO in the visible, capable of guiding a light by total internal reflection, guiding layer here formed by the second sheet 1'

[0303] - a light source 4 in optical coupling with the second sheet,

[0304] - guided light extraction means 6 in the second sheet,

[0305] - between the liquid crystal cell 2 and the guide layer, an insulating layer 31.2' optics, optically isolating the liquid crystal cell from the guide layer, optical isolator layer with a refractive index ni in the visible, and with nO-nl which is at least 0.04 in the visible,

[0306] The optical isolator layer 2' is an adhesive layer made of crosslinked polymer material, forming part of the lamination interlayer, here formed by the first lower adhesive layer 31.

[0307] For the first upper layer 31, a commercial ultraviolet PVB film can be chosen, for example the film marketed under the name Eastman RU41 of 0.76 mm. It provides protection at least in the ultraviolet radiation spectrum from 280 nm to 400 nm.

[0308] The second face 12 comprises an internal masking layer 7 forming a masking frame, for example a black enamel (deposited on the second face 12), delimiting a window clear 16 (daylight) here rectangular (see [Fig. 1] '). It may be desirable to have a peripheral, opaque internal masking layer on the fourth main face 14, in particular congruent or of a width less than the width of the internal masking layer 7 and adjacent to a possible athermal layer 15.

[0309] The second glass sheet 1' is preferably silico-calcic, colorless, in the same clear or extra-clear form as Diamant glass marketed by the company Saint-Gobain Glass, n'v being of the order of 1.52 to 550nm or Optiwhite glass of 1.95mm.

[0310] The second glass sheet 1' optionally comprises an athermal stack with ITO 15 on the fourth face 14 here F4.

[0311] The liquid crystal cell 2 is surrounded by an external sealing joint forming a frame 81. The frame 81 is for example made of PVB or epoxy resin. When the liquid crystal cell 2 does not extend over the entire surface of the glazing, the frame 81 serves as a spacer of the same thickness as that of the liquid crystal cell 2, to fill the empty space which would otherwise exist between the two layers 31 and 32. The internal edge 810 of the joint 81 is under the masking layer 7. Advantageously, said frame 81 preferably constitutes an ultraviolet filter.

[0312] We can cite as a liquid adhesive (photo)crosslinkable low refractive index (for the optical isolator layer) the following resins:

[0313] - based on urethane acrylate, for example from the company Norland, in particular the product called LOCA Norland NOA 1315 (refractive index 1.315) which is an aliphatic urethane acrylate,

[0314] - based on fluorourethane acrylate, for example from the company Shin-A, in particular product called SFA 335 (refractive index 1.335-1.339) or SFA 387 (refractive index 1.385-1.389),

[0315] - based on acrylate, for example in particular the product called UZ181A (index of refraction 1.47) from the company AKChemTeck, or the product called UVEKOL S15 (refractive index 1.44) from the company Allnex.

[0316] As an acrylate-based PSA film, mention may be made of the product called CS986 (refractive index 1.47) from the company Nitto.

[0317] As a silicone-based PSA film, we can cite the product called Opt Alpha Gel from the company Taica (refractive index 1.41).

[0318] Light-emitting diodes 4 extend along the longitudinal coupling edge 21 of the guide layer 1'. The light injection is peripheral and via the edge of the guide layer 1'. These are front-emitting diodes. Thus, these diodes 4 are aligned on a PCB support 5, for example a parallelepiped strip. The PCB support 5 is spaced and / or fixed, for example, by glue (or double-sided adhesive) to the glazing via the edge 21 and / or even to the face F4. The edge 21 may have a notch (housing the diodes and even the diode support).

[0319] Alternatively, the light source may be one or more primary sources (diodes, etc.) coupled directly to a guide, along the coupling edge 21, for example an extractor optical fiber with a light exit zone (texturing of the optical fiber, etc.).

[0320] The luminous glazing 100 may have a plurality of extraction zones 6 for the guided light, in particular of given geometry (rectangular, square, round, etc.).

[0321] The means of light extraction are for example:

[0322] - a texturing of a so-called textured element chosen from the second sheet forming guide, the optical isolator layer,

[0323] - an extractor film on the second sheet forming a guide in particular in contact with the optical isolator layer 1 or F4 side 14.

[0324] For example, for the light extraction means, this is a diffusing layer 6 (screen-printed for example an enamel on glass 1' or an ink) on the third face 13 or even fourth face 14. The layer 6 is here in the clear glass 16. Alternatively, it can be a local extractor film placed or glued locally on the third face 13 (in relief or with a diffusing layer or diffusing in mass).

[0325] The extraction means are in the clear view 16 but could be perished spherical, under the internal masking layer 7 and visible from the passenger compartment with a saving of a possible internal masking layer on the fourth face.

[0326] For example, the distance between the extraction 6 and the diodes 4 is at least 10 or 40 mm. For example, the extraction 6 occupies from 10 to 100% of the window clear 16. As shown in [Fig. 1] ', it is possible to have a set of disjoint diffusing patterns 6, for example of rectangular shape.

[0327] Several series of diodes 4 (one edge, two edges, three edges, over the entire periphery) can be provided, controlled independently and even of different colors. Diodes emitting white or colored light can be chosen for ambient lighting, reading lighting. Red light can be chosen for signaling, possibly alternating with green light. The diode support 5 can be glued to the edge 21.

[0328] Alternatively to glass for the second sheet, an organic glass can be used, for example PC, PMMA, or even a thermoplastic film (PET etc.) with a thickness of at most 500 or 300 μm, for example. Preferably, the first sheet of glass is then tempered.

[0329] The roof 100 can form, for example, a fixed luminous panoramic roof of a motor vehicle such as a car, mounted from the outside on a bodywork.

[0330] This glazing 100 can alternatively form a windshield with internal light signaling (pictogram etc.) in particular for driving assistance. The diffusing layer 6 (or any other extraction means) forms for example an anti-collision signal in particular along the lower longitudinal edge. For example, the light comes on (red) when a vehicle in front is too close.

[0331] This glazing 100 can alternately form a front or rear quarter light or even a front windshield with light decoration or external light signaling. The diffusing layer 6 forms, for example, a turn signal repeater or a LOGO. In these latter cases, the second colorless glass sheet (preferably mineral) is the exterior glazing (fourth face is face F1, third face is face F2) and the first glass sheet is the interior glazing (tinted or colorless) with the first face being face F4, and the second face being face F3.

[0332] The liquid crystal cell, in particular if a peripheral band, a local area in the clear view, can be opposite or offset from the light extraction means for the interior or the exterior.

[0333] [Fig.2] represents a schematic sectional view of a guest host cell 2 used in [Fig.l],

[0334] The liquid crystal cell 2 comprises the liquid mixture 22, two alignment layers 23 and 24, two transparent electrodes 25 and 26, two glass encapsulation substrates 27 and 28, and a sealing gasket 29. The two substrates glass encapsulation substrates 27 and 28 are kept spaced apart by glass spacers 22', and together with the sealing gasket 29 form a cavity accommodating the liquid crystal liquid volume 22. The sealing of the cell slice is achieved by the peripheral sealing gasket 29, for example made of epoxy resin or silicone. The spacers 22' are arranged throughout the cavity and preferably also the sealing gasket. The internal surface facing the cavity of each of the two encapsulation substrates 27 and 28 is covered with the electrode 25, respectively 26, for example made of ITO, itself covered with the alignment layer 23, respectively 24, the alignment layers 23 and 24 being in contact with the liquid volume 22. The liquid crystal cell 2 has a total thickness here of between 250 and 350 μm. The height of the cavity corresponds to the height of the spacers, the cavity having a height in particular of the order of 10 pm.

[0335] The two encapsulation substrates 27 and 28 of the liquid crystal cell 2 are made of thin glass. Preferably, they are made of chemically toughened glass. Each of the glass encapsulation substrates 27, 28 has a thickness of less than 1000 μm, in particular between 25 μm and 700 μm, preferably a thickness of less than 300 μm, or even less than 100 μm. The glass thickness of each encapsulation substrate is sufficiently thin to provide the liquid crystal cell with film-like flexibility when it comes to associating the cell with the glass substrates 10 and 11, all the more so when the latter are curved. In particular, the glass thickness of each glass encapsulation substrate 27, 28 is such that each glass encapsulation substrate has a minimum radius of curvature which is at least of the order of 600 mm and can even reach 200 mm.

[0336] The two encapsulation substrates 27 and 28 of the liquid crystal cell 2 are alternatively polymeric.

[0337] [Fig.2'] represents a schematic sectional view of a guest host cell which differs in that the peripheral sealing joint 29' is internal, between layers 27,28.

[0338] [Fig.3] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable tint laminated glazing 200 of a motor vehicle in a second embodiment.

[0339] The glazing 200 differs from the glazing 100 in that the first lower adhesive layer 32, in particular made of crosslinked adhesive polymer as possibly the first upper adhesive layer 31) is distinct from the underlying optical isolator layer 2' and in particular has a higher refractive index. For example, the first lower adhesive layer 32 is at least 300 pm or 500 pm thick and the optical isolator layer 2' is less thick.

[0340] [Fig.4] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing unit for a motor vehicle 300 in a third embodiment.

[0341] The glazing 300 differs from the glazing 100 in that a second lower adhesive layer 34 has been added under the optical isolator layer 2', 32. The second lower adhesive layer 34 is for example PVB (or better EVA or TPU if sheet 2 is made of organic glass such as PC, PMMA) or a crosslinked polymer layer with a higher index than the optical isolator layer 2', 32.

[0342] Furthermore, the first sheet 1 has an edge extending 121 above the light source fixed to the face F4 (L-shaped support 5) or possibly to the face 12.

[0343] For example, layer 15 was omitted and a diffusing extractor layer 6' was added on F4 14.

[0344] [Fig.5] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing and variable tint of motor vehicle 400 in a fourth embodiment. [Fig.5'] represents a schematic front view of the glazing of [Fig.5].

[0345] The glazing 400 differs from the glazing 100 in that the second sheet of glass has a through hole 17 closed by a cover 50 on the face 13 side, a hole housing the diodes or even the diode support 5. A cover can close the hole and be fixed on the face 14. There can be two coupling holes for example along the front edge of the roof 400. The external seal 81 can be locally opaque (and sufficiently wide to) mask the cover 50, the hole 17, the source 4 from the outside in addition to the layer 7.

[0346] [Fig.6] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing and variable tint of motor vehicle 500 in a fifth embodiment.

[0347] The glazing 500 differs from the previous glazing 400 in that the external seal 81 (notably PVB) extends to the third face 13 F3 and, as a variant, also to the second face 12.

[0348] For example, layer 15 was omitted and a diffusing extractor layer 6' was added on F4 14.

[0349] [Fig.7] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing and variable tint of motor vehicle 600 in a sixth embodiment.

[0350] [Fig.7'] represents a schematic front view of the glazing of [Fig.7].

[0351] The glazing 600 differs from the glazing 100 in that the light source 4 is on the F4 14 side and a prismatic light redirection film 9 (prisms 91 and base 92), for example a reflector, is on the F3 13 face.

[0352] The external seal 81 may be locally opaque (and sufficiently wide to) mask the light points of the source 4 from the outside in addition to the layer 7.

[0353] [Fig.8] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing unit for a motor vehicle 700 in a seventh embodiment.

[0354] The glazing 700 differs from the glazing 100 in that the external seal 81 (notably PVB) extends to the third face 13 F3 and alternatively also to the second face 12

[0355] For example, layer 15 has been omitted and a diffusing extractor layer 6' has been added on F4 14.

[0356] [Fig.9] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing unit for a motor vehicle 800 in an eighth embodiment.

[0357] The glazing 800 differs from the glazing 100 in that the guide layer is an internal guide layer 3' for example a thin sheet of glass, thermoplastic, an adhesive layer. A lower low index adhesive layer 32' with a refractive index n' 1 in the visible has also been added. Here we choose the same crosslinked polymer material as the optical isolator layer and a lower thickness for example 50pm if in film and 5pm if in coating.

[0358] Alternatively it is a coating such as a layer of porous sol-gel silica on the F3 13 face for example of 400nm and n' 1 of 1.4.

[0359] For example, the diodes 4 are side-emitting and coupled to the 30' section of the internal guide layer 3'.

[0360] A diffusing extractor layer 6' was added on the F3 side of the internal guide layer 3'.

[0361] A masking layer 7' was added to the F4 14 face.

[0362] [Fig. 10] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous laminated glazing and variable tint motor vehicle 900 in a ninth embodiment.

[0363] The glazing 900 differs from the previous glazing 100 in that the internal guide layer 3 has an opening or notch 33' for housing the diodes (here with front emission) and the diode support 5.

[0364] [Fig. 11] represents a schematic sectional view of a luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing unit for a motor vehicle 1000 in a tenth embodiment.

[0365] The glazing 1000 differs from the glazing 900 in that the light source 4 is on the F4 side 14 and a prismatic light redirection film 9 (prisms 91 and base 92), for example a reflector, is on the internal guide layer 3' on the F2 face side 12.

[0366] [Fig. 12] represents a view of a 2000 motor vehicle with different luminous laminated glazing and variable tinting in particular showing the location of the liquid crystal cells:

[0367] - lower or upper longitudinal strips of a windshield 110,210,

[0368] - full surface (here in two adjacent zones 210, 220) of a roof

[0369] - full surface of a side window 310 and even of a quarter window 410.

[0370] The laminated glazing may comprise two adjacent GH or TN 2 cells, or one GH or TN cell and at least one other liquid crystal system. Between the two cells there may be the material of the optical insulating layer (by fining etc.) or even of the first upper adhesive layer, in particular PVB (by fining etc.) or another extension of the external seal 81 in particular PVB.

[0371] It may be desired to mask all the edges of liquid crystal cells by the internal masking layer 7.

Claims

1. Claims Vehicle glazing, particularly road glazing (100) comprising: - laminated glazing, preferably curved, comprising: - a first sheet (1), transparent, made of mineral glass, with a first main face (11) and a second main face (12) - a second sheet (1'), transparent, with a third main face (13) and a fourth main face (14), - between the first and second sheets, a multi-layer polymer lamination interlayer (3), comprising a first upper adhesive layer (31) on the second face and a first lower adhesive layer (32, 34) on the third face, at least one of the first upper and lower adhesive layers is an adhesive layer made of crosslinked polymer material - between the first upper and lower adhesive layers; a liquid crystal cell (2) containing an electroactive layer (22) comprising a liquid solution of liquid crystals, electroactive layer between a first upper support called electroconductive (27) having an upper electrode (25) and a first lower support called electroconductive (28) having a lower electrode (26), the electroactive layer being between the lower and upper electrodes - a guide layer, with a refractive index nO in the visible, capable of guiding light by total internal reflection, guide layer formed by the second sheet and / or a transparent layer (3') on the third face side, called the internal guide layer, or on the fourth face side, called the external guide layer, - preferably a light source (4) optically coupled with the guide layer, - preferably guided light extraction means (6, 6') in the guide layer, - between the liquid crystal cell and the guide layer, an optical isolator layer (31, 2'), optically isolating the liquid crystal cell from the guide layer, optical isolator layer with a refractive index ni in the visible, and with nO-nl which is at least 0.04 in the visible, the optical isolating layer (2') being an adhesive layer made of crosslinked polymer material, forming part of the lamination interlayer, and is an additional layer under the first lower adhesive layer or formed by the first lower adhesive layer (31).

2. Vehicle glazing according to the preceding claim characterized in that which is the internal guide layer (3) or the second glass sheet and even the optical isolator layer is in contact with the guide layer.

3. Vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that ni is at most 1.48 and even nO-nl is at least 0.1 and even 0.

15.

4. Vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first lower adhesive layer comprises, and even forms, the optical isolator layer preferably with a thickness of at least 300 pm and even at least 500 pm.

5. Vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical isolating layer is a film preferably with a thickness of at least 30 pm or the optical isolating layer is a coating preferably with a thickness of at least 1 pm.

6. Vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical isolating layer is in adhesive contact on the third face: - with the guide layer, in particular in adhesive contact with the third face, the second sheet being the guide layer or in adhesive contact with the internal guide layer, - or is in adhesive contact with a second lower adhesive layer, with a refractive index n2 in the visible such that n2>nl, made of thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer material, second lower adhesive layer in adhesive contact with the third face, the second sheet preferably being the guide layer.

7. Vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical insulating layer and / or the first lower adhesive layer of crosslinked polymer is a film based on crosslinked polymer, in particular of at least 30 μm, chosen from: - pressure-sensitive film, preferably chosen from polymers based on acrylate, urethane acrylate or fluoro urethane acrylate or silicone - a so-called post-adhesive film of partially crosslinked polymer before assembly, and preferably photocrosslinked and based on acrylate

8. Vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises between the second face and the third facing the following stack, possibly strict, as desired: - 1) first thermoplastic adhesive top layer preferably PVB in particular UV filter / liquid crystal cell / optical isolator layer / internal guide layer ( / lower low index layer) in particular internal guide layer polymer film, glass or adhesive layer - 2) first crosslinked polymer adhesive top layer / liquid crystal cell / optical isolator layer / internal guide layer ( / lower low index layer) in particular internal guide layer polymer film, glass or adhesive layer - 3) first thermoplastic adhesive top layer preferably PVB in particular UV filter / liquid crystal cell / optical isolator layer / , the optical isolator layer preferably being in contact with the third face of the second sheet,second light guide sheet - 4) first crosslinked polymer adhesive top layer / liquid crystal cell / optical isolator layer, the optical isolator layer preferably being in contact with the third face of the second sheet, second light guide sheet.,

9. Vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal guiding layer is in contact with a lower low index layer which is adhesive or a coating, lower low index layer with a refractive index n' 1 in the visible, and with nO-n' 1 which is at least 0.04 in the visible.

10. Vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crosslinked polymer material of the optical insulating layer and / or of a lower adhesive low index layer between the optical insulating layer and the third face, is chosen from polymers based on polyacrylate, in particular urethane acrylate or fluoro urethane acrylate or fluoro-silicone acrylate, polysiloxanes, silicone, in particular polydimethylsiloxane, epoxy polymer or polyepoxides, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, in particular the crosslinked polymer material of the optical insulating layer / or of the lower low adhesive index layer is preferably chosen from an acrylate-based polymer, in particular urethane acrylate or silicone acrylate or silicone-based, and the polymer further having a fluorinated function.

11. Vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an external, peripheral seal (81) surrounds the periphery of the edge of the liquid crystal cell, preferably is a thermoplastic adhesive layer, in particular is in contact with the first upper adhesive layer, protruding from the edge of the cell, external seal and first upper adhesive layer are based on PVB or in contact with the second face.

12. Vehicle glazing according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the external seal (81) comprises an opaque zone: - for masking a light injection zone, the light source being under the second face - or a light source on the fourth face.

13. Luminous vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an internal, peripheral, opaque masking layer (7) between the third face and the second face, and even covering the periphery of the optical isolator layer and the liquid crystal cell, in particular in contact with the second main face, in particular defining a window clear, and in that it optionally comprises, in particular when the second sheet is an internal glazing, an internal, peripheral, opaque masking layer on the fourth main face, in particular congruent or of a width less than the width of the internal masking layer.

14. Luminous glazing for a vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light extraction means (6, 6') comprise: - a texturing of a so-called textured element chosen from the internal guide layer or the second sheet forming a guide, the optical isolator layer, a lower low index layer under the internal guide layer, - or even an extractor film on the internal guide layer or the second sheet forming a guide, in particular in contact with the layer optical isolator - or a diffusing layer comprising a binder and diffusing particles and / or pores, on the inner guide layer or the second guide sheet, in particular in contact with the optical isolator layer - a local diffusing zone in the guide layer comprising diffusing particles and / or pores, in particular a laser etching of a glass sheet.

15. Vehicle glazing, in particular a road vehicle, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first sheet is the external sheet, in particular, the glazing is chosen from a roof, a windshield, a side window, or in that the first sheet is the internal sheet, in particular, the glazing is chosen from a windshield, a side window, a rear window, a rear door glazing, in particular the external sheet is made of mineral glass.

16. Vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, incorporating at least one glazing unit according to one of the preceding claims.

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