Construction system for building walls

Abstract

The present invention relates to a construction system adapted for the construction of a low-carbon mortar wall which comprises 1) at least one formwork; and 2) at least one ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) panel having (i) a first main face and a second main face which are substantially parallel to each other, (ii) at least two lateral uprights each extending in the direction of the height of the UHPFRC panel and defining respectively the first lateral face and the second lateral face of the UHPFRC panel, which lateral faces each form a salient angle with the two main faces; and (iii) at least one cross member defining the base of the UHPFRC panel, which base is substantially perpendicular to the two main surfaces of the panel, where each lateral upright of the UHPFRC panel shares, with at least one formwork, at least one assembly means;so that after their assembly a free volume can be obtained in which at least one vertical post can be poured.

Description

Title of the invention: Construction system for the construction of walls Field of invention

[0001] The present invention applies to the general technical field of construction. More specifically, it relates to a construction system suitable for the construction of walls for collective housing. Prior art

[0002] The construction of buildings is inseparable from the settlement of humanity and constitutes as such a key stage in the history of humanity.

[0003] The first human constructions incorporated different materials, the main constituent of which was initially earth. Within these construction materials, earth was combined with other components, often local and natural (e.g. straw) as well as minerals (e.g. stones). One of these materials, known as rammed earth, uses raw earth compacted in a formwork or shuttering. To make a rammed earth wall, the earth is thrown into a formwork in thin layers of 10 cm to 1 m, then manually compacted in this formwork using a rammer. Rammed earth thus makes it possible to obtain an earth-based wall that is sufficiently porous to allow ideal breathing of the premises it delimits. Now, rammed earth, like all known earth-based materials, is very sensitive to erosion due to its porosity and therefore only offers very limited resistance over time.

[0004] Also, and for centuries, concrete has established itself as the benchmark construction material due to its ease of implementation combined with exceptional durability.

[0005] Concrete now has such an environmental impact that maintaining construction methods using this material for centuries to come is unthinkable today. As part of this awareness, new environmental regulations for new buildings, individual and collective housing, have emerged in France (RE 2020). This new regulation requires improving the environmental performance of a building by taking into account not only insulation but also the overall environmental impacts associated with this construction. It is therefore mandatory to take into account the overall impact of the construction site, and not just that of the building. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate, in addition to the details of the construction materials used, the energy and water consumption of the construction site, the water discharges from the site, or the evacuation and treatment of earthwork waste.

[0006] Such changes now require a thorough review of construction processes in order to optimize energy expenditure.

[0007] In this context, low-carbon construction mortars have appeared, in particular mortars using excavated earth from the construction site, such as those described in patent applications FR3108055 or FR3108054. While such mortars can considerably improve the carbon footprint of a construction site, their implementation characteristics limit them at this stage to individual housing only and therefore exclude their use in collective housing. Summary of the invention

[0008] The inventors have now developed a new process for manufacturing collective housing, ERP (Public Access Establishment) or industrial buildings allowing the use of any type of concrete or mortar, in particular mortars or concretes of lower resistance (e.g. site concrete) and “low carbon” mortars or concretes, without compromising the durability of the housing obtained and also allowing the production of housing whose cost is comparable to that of current collective housing.

[0009] To do this, the invention aims to enable the industrial prefabrication of load-bearing elements in BFUP, capable of receiving such mortar or earth concrete, as well as insulating panels, which prefabricated load-bearing elements make it possible to guarantee rapid execution on the construction site as well as the optimization of construction costs.

[0010] In addition, the load-bearing element is finally "embedded" within the wall, between insulating materials, which eliminates thermal bridges. In this structure, the mortar or concrete used is confined by the reinforced concrete chains and the BFUP panel to take only the heavy vertical loads: permanent and operating loads. Thus, this mortar or concrete used only works in compression, which allows the use of lower-strength mortars or concretes (e.g., site concrete), and in particular "low-carbon" mortars or concretes.

[0011] Finally, and depending on the mortar or concrete used, the method according to the invention potentially makes it possible to pour the structural mortar or concrete and the facade cladding in one go.

[0012] Thus, a first object of the invention relates to a construction system for the construction of a wall which comprises:

[0013] 1) at least one formwork, preferably at least two formworks; and

[0014] 2) at least one ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) panel which will constitute the soul of the wall and which includes:

[0015] - a first main face and a second main face which are substantially parallel to each other; these faces respectively define the interior surface and the exterior surface of the housing;

[0016] - at least two lateral uprights each extending in the direction of the height of the BFUP panel and respectively defining the first lateral face and the second lateral face of the BFUP panel, which lateral faces each form a salient angle with the two main faces; and

[0017] - at least one crosspiece defining the base of the BFUP panel, which base is substantially perpendicular to the two main surfaces of the panel;

[0018] Where each lateral upright of the BFUP panel shares, with at least one formwork, at least one assembly means; so as to obtain after their assembly a free volume in which to cast at least one vertical post.

[0019] Now, the assembly of two BFUP panels as described above, which assembly corresponds to that of one of their lateral uprights, also makes it possible to obtain a free volume in which to cast at least one vertical post. In this way, the assembly of two BFUP panels together can also constitute a construction system.

[0020] Alternatively, the construction system for the construction of a wall according to the invention comprises at least two ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) panels which will each constitute the core of the wall and which each comprise:

[0021] - a first main face and a second main face which are substantially parallel to each other; these faces respectively define the interior surface and the exterior surface of the housing;

[0022] - at least two lateral uprights each extending in the direction of the height of the BFUP panel and respectively defining the first lateral face and the second lateral face of the BFUP panel, which lateral faces each form a salient angle with the two main faces; and

[0023] - at least one crosspiece defining the base of the BFUP panel, which base is substantially perpendicular to the two main surfaces of the panel;

[0024] Where two lateral uprights each belonging to one of the two BFUP panels together form, after having been joined, a free volume in which to cast at least one vertical post.

[0025] This construction system allows the construction of walls on several floors, easily and economically, without the prior and tedious step of making mortar or concrete pillars. In fact, the panels are manufactured off-site and arrive on site to be installed directly. During their installation, the assembly of the panels with the formwork of the construction system allows the vertical support posts to be poured.

[0026] Advantageously, the construction system according to the invention further comprises:

[0027] 3) at least one system for fixing said at least one crosspiece defining the base of the BFUP panel with the support surface of the building on which it rests.

[0028] Advantageously, said construction system also integrates:

[0029] 4) at least one insulation panel; and

[0030] 5) a system for fixing said at least one insulation panel to said at least one BFUP panel.

[0031] Advantageously still, said construction system also further integrates:

[0032] 6) at least two formwork benches;

[0033] 7) at least one spacer; and

[0034] 8) at least one means of association / control of said at least one spacer with the two formwork panels.

[0035] A second object relates to the use of such a construction system for the production, in mortar or concrete, preferably in mortar or concrete of lower resistance and, in a particularly preferred manner, in “low carbon” mortar or concrete, of at least one wall of a dwelling, preferably of at least one wall of a collective dwelling, of an ERP (Public Access Establishment) building or of an industrial building.

[0036] A third subject of the invention relates to a method of constructing a dwelling using such a construction system, preferably a collective dwelling, an ERP (Public Access Establishment) building or an industrial building, which method comprises the steps of:

[0037] A) laying and wedging vertically, on a slab or a sole, a first BFUP panel to form a positioning reference, then fixing the latter to the slab or sole using suitable fixing means, such as mechanical dowels,

[0038] B) assembling a first formwork with one of the two lateral uprights of said BFUP panel so as to obtain a first free volume in which to cast a vertical post, preferably a reinforcement is prepositioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole;

[0039] C) assembling a second formwork with the second lateral upright of said BFUP panel so as to obtain a second free volume in which to cast a vertical post, preferably a reinforcement is prepositioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole;

[0040] D) pouring a mortar or concrete into said first and second free volumes so as to obtain two vertical posts on either side of this first BFUP panel;

[0041] E) remove the formwork on either side of the first BFUP panel;

[0042] F) place and wedge vertically, on the slab or sole, a new BFUP panel, one of the two lateral uprights of which rests laterally on a previously cast vertical post, so as to continue the construction of the wall, then fix this BFUP panel to the slab or sole using suitable fixing means,

[0043] G) assemble a formwork with the other lateral upright of said BFUP panel so as to obtain a free volume in which to cast a vertical post, preferably a reinforcement is prepositioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole;

[0044] H) pouring mortar or concrete into said free volume so as to obtain a vertical post framing this new BFUP panel;

[0045] I) remove the formwork; and

[0046] J) repeat steps F) to I) until the desired length of assembled BFUP panels is obtained;

[0047] K) installing at least two formwork panels on either side of the BFUP panels, after having possibly fixed to said BFUP panels insulators (e.g.: insulating panels) and / or reinforcements (e.g.: metal mesh), by means of at least one spacer and means for controlling said at least one spacer with said at least two formwork panels;

[0048] L) pouring a mortar or concrete between said at least two formwork panels, preferably a mortar or concrete of lower resistance and, particularly preferably, a “low carbon” mortar or concrete, and this up to the upper end of the lateral uprights of said BFUP panels; and

[0049] M) possibly the installation of a floor on the upper ends of the side uprights, preferably its association with the reinforcement of the vertical posts so as to secure all the load-bearing elements; and

[0050] N) removing said at least two formwork panels.

[0051] Alternatively, and in the case of a construction system using two joined BFUP panels, the invention relates to a method of constructing a dwelling using a BFUP panel, preferably a collective dwelling, an ERP (Public Access Establishment) building or an industrial building, which method comprises the steps of:

[0052] A) placing and wedging vertically, on a slab or a sole, a first BFUP panel to form a positioning reference, then fixing the latter to the slab or sole using suitable fixing means, such as for example mechanical dowels,

[0053] B) placing and wedging vertically, on the slab or sole, a second BFUP panel so as to assemble one of the two lateral uprights of the second BFUP panel with one of the two lateral uprights of said first BFUP panel and to obtain a first free volume in which to cast a vertical column, preferably a reinforcement is pre-positioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole;

[0054] C) placing and wedging vertically, on the slab or sole, a third BFUP panel so as to assemble one of the two lateral uprights of the third BFUP panel with one of the two lateral uprights of said first BFUP panel and to obtain a second free volume in which to cast a vertical post, preferably a reinforcement is prepositioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole;

[0055] D) pouring a mortar or concrete into said first and second free volumes so as to obtain two vertical posts on either side of this first BFUP panel;

[0056] E) placing and wedging vertically, on the slab or sole, a new BFUP panel so as to assemble one of the two lateral uprights of said new BFUP panel with one of the two lateral uprights of a BFUP panel already in place and to obtain a first free volume in which to cast a vertical post, preferably a reinforcement is prepositioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole

[0057] F) repeat step E) until the desired length of assembled BFUP panels is obtained;

[0058] G) installing at least two formwork panels on either side of the BFUP panels, after having possibly fixed to said BFUP panels insulators (e.g.: insulating panels) and / or reinforcements (e.g.: metal mesh), by means of at least one spacer and means for controlling said at least one spacer with said at least two formwork panels;

[0059] H) pouring a mortar or concrete between said at least two formwork panels, preferably a mortar or concrete of lower resistance and, particularly preferably, a “low carbon” mortar or concrete, and this up to the upper end of the lateral uprights of said BFUP panels; and

[0060] I) possibly the installation of a floor on the upper ends of the side uprights, preferably its association with the reinforcement of the vertical posts so as to secure all the load-bearing elements; and

[0061] J) removing said at least two formwork panels.

[0062] A fourth object of the invention relates to an ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) panel as described above.

[0063] A fifth subject of the invention relates to the use of such an ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UPFC) panel for the production, in mortar or concrete, preferably in mortar or concrete of lower resistance and, particularly preferably, in “low carbon” mortar or concrete, of at least one wall of a dwelling, preferably at least one wall of a collective dwelling, an ERP (Public Access Establishment) building or an industrial building. Brief description of the drawings

[0064] [Fig. 1] is a perspective view of an embodiment of the exterior face of a construction system according to the invention.

[0065] [Fig.2] is a perspective view of the same embodiment of a construction system according to the invention, but of the interior face thereof.

[0066] [Fig.3] is a top view of this same embodiment.

[0067] [Fig.4] is a front view of this same embodiment.

[0068] [Fig.5] corresponds to two side sectional views of this same embodiment.

[0069] [Fig.6] is a top view of a second embodiment in which the construction system uses assembled BFUP panels and without using formwork

[0070] Figures 7 to 10 show the different stages of manufacturing a wall using this embodiment of a construction system according to the invention. Detailed description of the invention

[0071] Formwork means a part which allows the casting of a vertical post which will be associated with at least one of the two lateral uprights of a BFUP panel.

[0072] Advantageously, this formwork is an elongated profile having a U, C, open square or open rectangle shape.

[0073] Said formwork can be made of any suitable material, whether metal (e.g. steel or aluminum) or plastic (e.g. PVC, polypropylene or polyethylene).

[0074] This formwork advantageously has a length of between 250 and 400 cm, preferably it has a length identical to the height of the BFUP panel to facilitate their assembly.

[0075] This formwork has a width greater than or equal to that of the lateral upright of the BFUP panel with which it is associated, preferably a greater width.

[0076] Ideally, the width of said formwork is between 11 and 80 cm, preferably between 16 and 50 cm.

[0077] More preferably, the assembly of the formwork with the lateral upright of the BFUP panel is carried out by interlocking and, in a particularly preferred manner, by overlapping the surfaces of the formwork on those of the lateral upright. The overlapping solution is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to simultaneously contribute to the sealing of the free volume in which the vertical post formed by this assembly is cast.

[0078] To facilitate the correct assembly of the formwork and one of the two side uprights of the BFUP panel, said formwork and said side upright of the BFUP panel each comprise at least one complementary element of an assembly forming at least one positioning means.

[0079] Such a positioning means can thus take the form of a projection (e.g. tongue or stud) present on said formwork or said lateral upright of the BFUP panel, which is complementary to a groove present on the other part of the construction system.

[0080] Preferably, the projection is present on the lateral upright of the BFUP panel. According to this configuration, the length of this projection is chosen so that it acts as a support (like the spacer mentioned later) for the formwork hip.

[0081] Ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) means a concrete as defined by the AFNOR NF P18-470 standard. These are concretes whose compressive strength exceeds 130 MPa, preferably 150 MPa, and whose flexural strength is approximately 35 MPa. Such concretes have specific formulations which are known to those skilled in the art and which incorporate fibrous fillers.

[0082] As examples of fibrous fillers that can be integrated into such formulations, mention may be made of metal fibers, polymer fibers, glass fibers or even carbon fibers.

[0083] The ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) panel has a thickness of between 20 and 50 mm between its two main surfaces, preferably between 30 and 40 mm.

[0084] The BFUP panel advantageously has a substantially parallelepiped shape with dimensions such as:

[0085] * its height is that of the height of a housing floor, generally between 250 and 400 cm, typically around 300 cm; and

[0086] * its width is between 150 and 400 cm, preferably between 190 and 320 cm.

[0087] The BFUP panel can be perforated so as to have a reduced weight, but without compromise its solidity. As such, the surface area of ​​the day or of all the days operated in the BFUP panel is less than or equal to 50% of the total surface area of ​​the BFUP panel, preferably less than or equal to 40% of the total surface area of ​​the BFUP panel.

[0088] Advantageously, the days are organized so that the panel can form in its center a structure of the Connecting Rod - Tie Rod type, which structure is similar to a Saint Andrew's cross inscribed in the frame formed by the vertical and horizontal chains in BFUP. The assembly makes it possible to ensure the bracing of the entire building.

[0089] Note that the BFUP panel can also have at least one opening, in particular for receiving a window or a door.

[0090] Concerning the at least two lateral uprights of said BFUP panel, they advantageously present:

[0091] * a width, corresponding to the depth of the panel, between 10 and 30 cm, preferably between 15 and 25 cm;

[0092] * a height between 250 and 400 cm, typically around 280.

[0093] * a thickness of between 20 and 50 mm, preferably between 30 and 40 m and, particularly preferably, a thickness identical to that between the two main surfaces of the BFUP panel.

[0094] Advantageously, the lateral uprights are positioned on the main face corresponding to the interior surface of the housing.

[0095] In addition to its function for casting the posts, the side uprights of the BFUP panel advantageously have a support / bearing function for the floor of the upper story.

[0096] To do this, the at least two lateral uprights of said UHPC panel advantageously stop before the upper end of the UHPC panel. Typically, said height of said lateral uprights is at least 15 cm lower than that of the UHPC panel, preferably 20 to 30 cm lower than that of the UHPC panel. After pouring the wall, a floor can thus rest on these lateral uprights. This floor could just as easily take the form of prefabricated (and potentially prestressed) floor slabs or correspond to a floor manufactured on site.

[0097] More preferably, the top of the BFUP panel will comprise, in the height where the lateral uprights are absent, at least one projection or at least one groove in the direction of the width of the BFUP panel. The function of this projection or groove is to facilitate the association of the floor with the BFUP panel and therefore to facilitate the transfer of horizontal forces from the floor to the BFUP panel.

[0098] Concerning the salient angle that the lateral faces form with the main faces, it corresponds to an angle between 0 and 180°. As an example of a salient angle, we can cite an acute angle (between 0 and 90°), a right angle (90°) or an obtuse angle (between 90 and 180°). Preferably, the salient angle is a right angle.

[0099] The profiles of the lateral surfaces are symmetrical to each other with respect to a central longitudinal axis of the BFUP panel.

[0100] Advantageously, each lateral upright of the BFUP panel forms, with the BFUP panel, an elongated profile having a U, C, open square or open rectangle shape.

[0101] Preferably, each lateral upright of the BFUP panel has an inner surface symmetrical to the inner surface of the formwork with which it is associated. After casting the post and removing the formwork, the lateral upright of a new BFUP panel can thus be associated with said post.

[0102] Advantageously, each at least two lateral uprights of said BFUP panel comprises at least one groove or at least one projection (e.g. tongue) in the direction of the height of the BFUP panel and which is positioned towards the inside of the panel and / or towards the outside of the BFUP panel, preferably at least one groove or at least a projection positioned towards the inside of the BFUP panel. Such a projection or groove makes it easier to connect the BFUP panel to the mortar (and possibly concrete) that would be poured or sprayed onto it.

[0103] Advantageously, said at least one groove or at least one projection has:

[0104] * a width, much less than that of the amount, between 1 and 5 cm, of preferably between 1 and 3 cm;

[0105] * a depth of between 1 and 5 cm, preferably between 1 and 3 cm; and

[0106] * a height between 250 and 400 cm, preferably a height corresponding to that of the amount.

[0107] The crosspiece defining the base of the BFUP panel is intended to improve the stability of the BFUP panel once it is in place.

[0108] Concerning the at least one crosspiece defining the base of the BFUP panel, it advantageously presents:

[0109] * a width, between 10 and 30 cm, preferably between 15 and 25 cm and particularly preferably a width identical to that of the at least two uprights of the BFUP panel;

[0110] * a length between 150 and 400 cm, preferably between 190 and 320 cm and, particularly preferably, a length identical to the width of the BFUP panel; and

[0111] * a thickness of between 20 and 50 mm, preferably between 30 and 40 m and, particularly preferably, a thickness identical to that between the two main surfaces of the BFUP panel.

[0112] Now, the crosspiece defining the base of the BFUP panel is particularly interesting in that it makes it possible to associate the BFUP panel and the bearing surface of the building on which it rests. Such a bearing surface conventionally constitutes a sole or a slab.

[0113] Also and advantageously, the construction system according to the invention further comprises 3) at least one system for fixing said at least one crosspiece defining the base of the BFUP panel with the support surface of the building on which it rests.

[0114] Such systems for fixing said at least one crosspiece to the bearing surface of the building are well known to those skilled in the art and can take multiple forms, whether in the form of liquid fixing (e.g. glue or adhesive mortar) or in the form of mechanical fixing (e.g. mechanical dowel).

[0115] Note that the crosspiece defining the base of the BFUP panel can be pre-drilled to facilitate the implementation of said 3) at least one fixing system.

[0116] Advantageously, the BFUP panel further comprises chains and / or sockets to facilitate lifting and handling of the BFUP panel.

[0117] According to a preferred embodiment, the construction system further comprises:

[0118] 4) at least one insulation panel; and

[0119] 5) a system for fixing said at least one insulation panel to said at least one BFUP panel.

[0120] By insulating panel, we mean a panel made of insulating material which may be of mineral origin (e.g. rock wool or glass wool), of vegetable origin (e.g. hemp panel, straw panel, wood wool, cotton wool, cellulose wadding panel), or of synthetic origin (e.g. expanded polystyrene or extruded polystyrene).

[0121] Said insulating panel is of a size suitable for covering the surface of the first main face or the second main face of the BFUP panel. Note that the BFUP panel can receive an insulating panel on each of these two main faces.

[0122] Regarding the thickness of the insulation panel, it depends on the insulating material used and the desired performance. Typically, the thickness of the insulation panel will be between 5 and 30 cm.

[0123] In connection with the system for fixing said at least one insulation panel to the BFUP panel, such systems are well known to those skilled in the art and can take multiple forms with systems:

[0124] - comprising flexible elements (plastic material), rigid elements (metallic), see mixed (flexible and rigid elements)

[0125] - to be screwed, struck and / or integrated (cast) into the BFUP panel

[0126] Examples of such fixing systems include fixing dowels for insulation (sometimes called insulation anchors or insulation anchors), fixing points (which are cast into the concrete), "insulation" fixings, or even screws or threaded rods associated with washers, washers, rosettes, or any other perforated or tapped plate to ensure the insulation panel is held in place.

[0127] Note that the insulation panel as well as the BFUP panel can be, independently of one another, pre-drilled, or not, to facilitate the implementation of the fixing system.

[0128] Now, the BFUP panel will preferably comprise at least one housing positioned on one of its two main faces, which housing will be through or not and which can accommodate such a fixing system. Such a housing can thus accommodate a threaded insert or a fixing dowel.

[0129] According to another preferred embodiment, the construction system also comprises:

[0130] 6) at least two formwork hips;

[0131] 7) at least one spacer; and

[0132] 8) at least one means of association / control of said at least one spacer with the two formwork hips.

[0133] Said at least two formwork hips positioned on either side of the two main faces

[0134] Said formwork hips can be made of any suitable material and, preferably, of metal (e.g. steel or aluminum).

[0135] Said two formwork hips have dimensions adapted to the formwork of the BFUP panel. Typically, said two formwork hips have a height and a width equal to or slightly greater than those of the BFUP panel with which they are associated.

[0136] Said spacer advantageously takes the form of a tube or a cone (e.g. hip cone) whose length corresponds to the thickness that the wall will have after pouring the mortar or concrete between the two formwork hips.

[0137] This spacer may be made of any suitable material, whether metal (e.g. steel or aluminum) or plastic (e.g. polypropylene or polyethylene).

[0138] Typically, said spacer will have a length of between 15 and 60 cm, preferably between 20 and 50 cm.

[0139] The day in the middle of the spacer allows the passage of at least one means which will allow the association / control of the two formwork hips between them.

[0140] Advantageously, the BFUP panel comprises at least one orifice allowing the passage of the spacer. Thus, the spacer will be able to pass through the BFUP panel so that each of its ends can be in contact with one of the two formwork hips.

[0141] As regards the association / control means, it can take different forms well known to those skilled in the art. Typically, said means will take the form of a threaded rod, preferably made of steel (e.g. stainless steel), and two wing nuts for each of its two ends.

[0142] Low carbon mortar or concrete means a mortar or concrete with a reduced or zero proportion of cement. Now, such a mortar will incorporate a binder comprising slag or metakaolin.

[0143] Slag is the slag formed during the melting or production of metal by liquid means. It is a mixture composed essentially of silicates, aluminates and lime with various metal oxides with the exception of iron oxides.

[0144] By metakaolin is meant the product of a calcination of kaolin and / or kaolinic clay.

[0145] Preferably, the binder comprises slag and, optionally, lime.

[0146] Now, the binder can integrate other components to modulate the setting of the low-carbon mortar such as a crystallizer.

[0147] Preferably, low-carbon mortar or concrete means a mortar or concrete that incorporates soils that may come from earthworks or excavation operations (quarry) or consist of crushed deconstruction materials (e.g. concrete, plaster, stone or mortar). It should now be noted that such soils obviously exclude topsoil. Preferably, said low-carbon mortar or concrete incorporates soils from earthworks or excavation operations which, ideally, will be those of the site on which the housing is built. It should be noted that said soils do not naturally come from sand quarries or aggregate quarries (virgin aggregates).

[0148] Such soils can therefore present a very great diversity of nature depending on the site from which they come. We can thus find soils incorporating gypsum, silt, limestone, silica, clay or even their mixture.

[0149] Furthermore, preference will be given to earths which have undergone at most one pretreatment by grinding, sorting (e.g. according to the color), sieving and / or drying before being mixed with the other components of the earth mortar.

[0150] Ideally, the low-carbon mortar or concrete used also includes a proportion of fibers.

[0151] By fibers is meant both synthetic fibers (e.g. polypropylene fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, etc.) and natural fibers (e.g. hemp), which fibers can be in any form (elongated or circular), preferably in an elongated form.

[0152] According to a preferred embodiment, the low-carbon mortar or concrete used is that described in patent applications FR3108055 or FR3108054.

[0153] Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the detailed description given below for information purposes.

[0154] Figures 1 and 2 show, in perspective, a first embodiment of a construction system according to the invention in which a BFUP panel (1) is assembled with two formworks (2). The base (11) of the BFUP panel (1) rests on a continuous sole (3) and is fixed thereto by means of mechanical dowels (6). The lateral uprights (12) of the BFUP panel (1) are each assembled with a formwork (2) so as to form a free volume in which a metal frame (4) is positioned, pending the casting of a post (5). This assembly is facilitated by at least one assembly means (121, 21) comprising at least one stud (121) on each upright (12), which stud (121) is complementary to a groove (21) present on each formwork (2). Now, this pad (121) also acts, in this embodiment, as a support for the formwork hips. Note that the side uprights (12) will not not up to the top of the BFUP panel (1) so that it can subsequently accommodate a floor which they will support.

[0155] The BFUP panel (1) comprises openings (13) which are positioned so as to lighten the weight of the panel without excessively affecting its structural properties.

[0156] [Fig.3] is a top view of the assembly between the BFUP panel (1) and the two formworks (2) showing the overlap of the walls of each formwork (2) on those of the lateral upright (12) of the BFUP panel (1) so as to allow their assembly. In this case, each formwork (2) forms with each lateral upright (12) of the BFUP panel (1) a volume whose square section will accommodate a post (5). This figure also shows a tab (122) in the direction of the height of the BFUP panel and which is positioned towards the inside of the panel, which tab makes it easier to join the BFUP panel and the mortar or concrete which will be poured or sprayed onto it.

[0157] Figures 4 and 5 show views along the axes F1, F2 and F3 of [Fig.3].

[0158] [Fig.6] represents a second embodiment of a construction system according to the invention in which BFUP panels (1) are assembled together at their lateral uprights (12), which assembly also makes it possible to form a free volume in which a post (5) is cast.

[0159] Figures 7 to 10 detail the following steps of the construction method using, as desired, the first or second embodiment of the construction system according to the invention.

[0160] Once the BFUP panel(s) (1) have been fixed to the sole (3) by means of mechanical dowels (6), and after having cast the posts (5) ensuring the maintenance of the assembly over time, [Fig.7] shows the step of fixing an insulation panel (15) to each BFUP panel (1) using fixing means in the form of threaded rods (161) and wing nuts associated with stainless steel plates (162). Simultaneously, the threaded rods (161) are held to each BFUP panel (1) by means of threaded end pieces (163) positioned in the latter.

[0161] Once the insulation panel (15) is fixed, [Fig.8] shows the installation of the hips (17), the waterproof spacers (18) and the control means in the form of threaded rods (191) and wing nuts (192). In this case, a reinforcement can be positioned on one and / or the other face of each BFUP panel (1). [Fig.8] shows the positioning of a metal mesh (TM) on the insulation panel (15).

[0162] Once the hips (17) are correctly positioned (resting on the spacers (18) and, in this case, on the pads (121) of the side uprights (12)), the mortar or concrete (preferably low-carbon mortar or concrete (MBC)) can be poured between the hips (17) as shown in [Fig.9].

[0163] [Fig. 10] shows the step which consists, once the mortar or concrete (MBC) has been poured until it reaches the upper end of the side uprights (12) and left to dry for the necessary time, of the step of laying the floor (PL) and its association with the expectations (4) so ​​as to secure all the load-bearing elements.

[0164] Once the stage of installing this floor is completed, the hips can be removed and it is possible to initiate the stage of constructing the upper wall.

Claims

Claims

1. A construction system for the construction of a wall which comprises: 1) at least one formwork (2), preferably at least two formworks (2); and 2) at least one panel (1) made of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) which will constitute the core of the wall and which comprises: - a first main face and a second main face which are parallel to each other; - at least two lateral uprights (12) each extending in the direction of the height of the UHPC panel (1) and respectively defining the first lateral face and the second lateral face of the UHPC panel (1), which lateral faces each form a right angle with the two main faces; and - at least one crosspiece defining the base (11) of the UHPC panel (1), which base (11) is perpendicular to the two main surfaces of the panel (1); Where each lateral upright (12) of the BFUP panel (1) shares, with at least one formwork (2), at least one assembly means;so as to obtain after their assembly a free volume in which to cast at least one vertical post (5) and where the at least two lateral uprights (12) of said BFUP panel (1) stop before the upper end of the BFUP panel (1), the height of said lateral uprights (12) being at least 15 cm lower than that of the BFUP panel (1), preferably 20 to 30 cm lower than that of the BFUP panel (1).;

2. A construction system for producing a wall which comprises at least two panels (1) made of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) which will constitute the core of the wall and which each comprise: - a first main face and a second main face which are parallel to each other; - at least two lateral uprights (12) each extending in the direction of the height of each UHPC panel (1) and respectively defining the first lateral face and the second lateral face of each UHPC panel (1), which lateral faces each form a right angle with the two main faces; and - at least one crosspiece defining the base (11) of each BFUP panel (1), which base (11) is perpendicular to the two main surfaces of the panel (1); where two lateral uprights (12) each belonging to one of the two BFUP panels (1) together form, after being joined together, a free volume in which to cast at least one vertical post (5) and where the at least two lateral uprights (12) of each BFUP panel (1) stop before the upper end of said BFUP panel (1), the height of said lateral uprights (12) being at least 15 cm lower than that of said BFUP panel (1), preferably 20 to 30 cm lower than that of the BFUP panel (1).

3. The construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises 3) at least one system for fixing said at least one crosspiece defining the base (11) of the BFUP panel (1) with the bearing surface of the building on which it rests.

4. The construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises: 4) at least one insulation panel (15); and 5) a system for fixing said at least one insulation panel (15) to said at least one BFUP panel (1).

5. The construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises: 6) at least two formwork hips (17); 7) at least one spacer (18); and 8) at least one means of association / control of said at least one spacer (18) with the two formwork hips (17).

6. The construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top of the BFUP panel comprises, in the height where the lateral uprights are absent, at least one projection or at least one groove in the direction of the width of the BFUP panel.

7. The construction system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the at least two lateral uprights of said BFUP panel comprises at least one groove or at least one projection in the direction of the height of the BFUP panel and which is positioned towards the inside of the panel and / or towards the outside of the BFUP panel.

8. A use of a construction system as defined in any one of the preceding claims for the production, in mortar or concrete, and, particularly preferably, in “low carbon” mortar or concrete, of at least one wall of a dwelling, preferably at least one wall of a collective dwelling, an ERP (Public Access Establishment) building or an industrial building.

9. A method of constructing a dwelling using a construction system as defined in claim 1, which method comprises the steps of: A) placing and wedging vertically, on a slab or a sole (3), a first BFUP panel (1) to form a positioning reference, then fixing the latter to the slab or sole (3) using suitable fixing means, such as mechanical dowels (6): B) assembling a first formwork (2) with one of the two lateral uprights (12) of said BFUP panel (1) so as to obtain a first free volume in which to cast a vertical post (5), preferably a reinforcement (4) is prepositioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole (3);C) assembling a second formwork (2) with the second lateral upright (12) of said UHPFRC panel (1) so as to obtain a second free volume in which to cast a vertical post (5), preferably a reinforcement (4) is prepositioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole (3); D) pouring a mortar or concrete into said first and second free volumes so as to obtain two vertical posts (5) on either side of this first UHPFRC panel (1); E) removing the formwork (2) on either side of the first UHPFRC panel (1);F) placing and wedging vertically, on the slab or sole (3), a new BFUP panel (1), one of the two lateral uprights (12) of which rests laterally on a vertical post (5) previously cast, so as to continue the construction of the wall, then fixing this BFUP panel (1) to the slab or sole (3) using suitable fixing means, G) assembling a formwork (2) with the other lateral upright (12) of said BFUP panel (1) so as to obtain a free volume in which to cast a vertical post (5), preferably a reinforcement; prepositioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole (3); H) pouring a mortar or concrete into said free volume so as to obtain a vertical post (5) framing this new BFUP panel (1); I) removing the formwork (2); and J) repeating steps F) to I) until the desired length of assembled BFUP panels (1) is obtained; K) putting in place at least two formwork panels (17) on either side of the BFUP panels (1), after having possibly fixed to said BFUP panels (1) insulation (e.g. insulation panels (15)) and / or reinforcements (4) (e.g. metal mesh), by means of at least one spacer (18) and means for controlling said at least one spacer (18) with said at least two formwork panels (17);L) pouring a mortar or concrete between said at least two formwork panels (17) and, particularly preferably, a “low carbon” mortar or concrete, and this up to the upper end of the lateral uprights (12) of said BFUP panels (1); and M) possibly laying a floor on the upper ends of the lateral uprights (12), preferably its association with the reinforcement of the vertical posts (5) so as to secure all of the load-bearing elements; and N) removing said at least two formwork panels (5).;

10. A method of constructing a dwelling using a construction system as defined in claim 2, preferably a collective dwelling, an ERP (Public Establishment) building or an industrial building, which method comprises the steps of: A) laying and wedging vertically, on a slab or a sole (3), a first BFUP panel (1) to form a positioning reference, then fixing the latter to the slab or sole (3) using suitable fixing means, such as for example mechanical dowels (6), B) laying and wedging vertically, on the slab or sole (3), a second BFUP panel (1) so as to assemble one of the two lateral uprights (12) of the second BFUP panel (1) with one of the two lateral uprights (12) of said first BFUP panel (1) and obtaining a first free volume in which to cast a vertical post (5), preferably a reinforcement (4) is pre-positioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole (3); C) placing and wedging vertically, on the slab or sole (3), a third BFUP panel (1) so as to assemble one of the two lateral uprights (12) of the third BFUP panel (1) with one of the two lateral uprights (12) of said first BFUP panel (1) and to obtain a second free volume in which to cast a vertical post (15), preferably a reinforcement (4) is prepositioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole (3); D) pouring a mortar or concrete into said first and second free volumes so as to obtain two vertical posts (5) on either side of this first BFUP panel (1); E) placing and wedging vertically, on the slab or sole (3), a new BFUP panel (1) so as to assemble one of the two lateral uprights (12) of said new BFUP panel (1) with one of the two lateral uprights (12) of a BFUP panel (1) already in place and to obtain a first free volume in which to cast a vertical post (5), preferably a reinforcement (4) is prepositioned in said free volume and is also fixed to the slab or sole (3) F) repeat step E) until the desired length of assembled BFUP panels (1) is obtained; G) installing at least two formwork panels (2) on either side of the BFUP panels (1), after having possibly fixed to said BFUP panels (1) insulation (e.g.: insulation panels (15)) and / or reinforcements (4) (e.g.: metal mesh), by means of at least one spacer (18) and means for controlling said at least one spacer (18) with said at least two formwork panels; H) pouring a mortar or concrete between said at least two formwork panels (17), and, particularly preferably, a “low carbon” mortar or concrete, and this up to the upper end of the lateral uprights (12) of said BFUP panels (1); and I) possibly the installation of a floor on the upper ends of the side uprights (12), preferably its association with the frame (4) of the vertical posts (5) so as to secure all the load-bearing elements; and J) remove said at least two formwork panels (17).

11. A panel (1) made of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) which comprises: - a first main face and a second main face which are parallel to each other; - at least two lateral uprights (12) each extending in the direction of the height of the UHPC panel (1) and respectively defining the first lateral face and the second lateral face of the UHPC panel (1), which lateral faces each form a right angle with the two main faces; and - at least one crosspiece defining the base (11) of the UHPC panel (1), which base (11) is perpendicular to the two main surfaces of the panel (1); Where each lateral upright of the UHPC panel (1) shares, with at least one formwork (2) of a construction system as defined in claim 1, at least one assembly means;so as to obtain after their assembly a free volume in which to cast at least one vertical post (5) and where the at least two lateral uprights (12) of said BFUP panel (1) stop before the upper end of the BFUP panel (1), the height of said lateral uprights (12) being at least 15 cm lower than that of the BFUP panel (1).;

12. A panel (1) made of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) which comprises: - a first main face and a second main face which are parallel to each other; - at least two lateral uprights (12) each extending in the direction of the height of the UHPC panel (1), respectively defining the first lateral face and the second lateral face of the UHPC panel (1), which lateral faces each form a right angle with the two main faces, and where the at least two lateral uprights (12) of said UHPC panel (1) stop before the upper end of the UHPC panel (1), the height of said lateral uprights (12) being at least 15 cm lower than that of the UHPC panel (1), preferably 20 to 30 cm lower than that of the UHPC panel (1); and - at least one crosspiece defining the base (11) of the UHPC panel (1), which base (11) is perpendicular to the two main surfaces of the panel; where a side amount (12) forms together with the lateral upright (12) of a second BFUP panel (1) of a construction system as defined in claim 2, after having been attached to it, a free volume in which to cast at least one vertical post (5).

13. A use of a panel (1) made of ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPC) according to claim 11 or 12 for the production, in mortar or concrete, and, particularly preferably, in “low carbon” mortar or concrete, of at least one wall of a dwelling, preferably at least one wall of a collective dwelling, an ERP building or an industrial building.

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