Building structure
The building structure design addresses the energy intensity and assembly complexity of terracotta structures by using terracotta elements with reinforced concrete and biosourced or geosourced filling elements, resulting in a more efficient and cost-effective construction method.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2023000290
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-01-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-01-11
AI Technical Summary
The construction of building structures using terracotta materials is energy-intensive due to the high temperatures required for drying and cooking terracotta elements, and it also involves a complex and costly assembly process with many components.
A building structure design that incorporates terracotta elements with reinforced concrete, featuring hollow monolithic pillars and beams, which reduces the number of components needed for assembly and allows for the use of less energy-intensive filling elements made from biosourced or geosourced materials.
This design simplifies the assembly process by reducing the number of components and lowers energy consumption by using less energy-intensive materials for the filling elements, while maintaining mechanical resistance through reinforcement.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: Structure for a building Technical field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of building structures, in particular structures whose load-bearing elements are made of terracotta. Technological background
[0002] It is known from the prior art to construct buildings whose load-bearing elements are made of terracotta. Indeed, the use of brick in building construction for walls and load-bearing structural elements is common.
[0003] Terracotta makes it possible to produce building materials, such as bricks, with good mechanical performance and thermal insulation.
[0004] However, the construction of such structures requires a large amount of energy due to the massive use of terracotta materials, such as bricks. Indeed, producing terracotta elements requires the use of thermal energy to dry and then fire the products at temperatures between 850°C and 1150°C.
[0005] Furthermore, such a structure requires the assembly of a very large number of elements to create the walls and load-bearing elements of the structure, which complicates the assembly and represents a high labor cost. Summary of the invention
[0006] One idea underlying the invention is to facilitate the assembly of a building structure.
[0007] Another idea underlying the invention is to limit the energy consumption associated with the construction of a building.
[0008] According to one embodiment, the invention provides a building structure, the structure comprising a foundation and at least one structural wall fixed to the foundation, the structural wall comprising: - two load-bearing end pillars positioned at either end of the structural wall, defining a space between them intended to receive a plurality of infill elements, - a load-bearing crossbeam resting on the end load-bearing pillars, in which each end load-bearing pillar comprises a hollow monolithic pillar extending vertically and made of terracotta, and includes a reinforced concrete reinforcement arranged inside the hollow monolithic pillar, one end of the hollow monolithic pillar being situated against the foundation and a second end of the hollow monolithic pillar being situated against the load-bearing crossbeam, in which each load-bearing crossbeam comprises a hollow monolithic beam extending in a horizontal direction and made of terracotta, and comprises a reinforced concrete reinforcement arranged inside the hollow monolithic beam, a first end of the hollow monolithic beam being arranged on one of the end load-bearing pillars and a second end being arranged on the other of the end load-bearing pillars.
[0009] Thanks to these characteristics, the load-bearing elements of the structure, such as the end pillars and the crossbeam, are made using monolithic terracotta elements. This reduces the number of components to be assembled for the construction of a structural wall, thus simplifying its assembly. Furthermore, the use of reinforced concrete increases the mechanical strength of these elements and allows for vertical reinforcement in the end pillars and horizontal reinforcement in the crossbeam.
[0010] According to embodiments, such a structure may include one or more of the following characteristics.
[0011] According to one embodiment, the structural wall comprises a plurality of infill elements arranged between the two end load-bearing columns in the horizontal direction and between the foundation and the load-bearing beam in the vertical direction, each infill element cooperating with a plurality of adjacent infill elements.
[0012] According to one embodiment, the filling elements have a dimension in the thickness direction of the structural wall that is less than a dimension in the thickness direction of the structural wall of the hollow monolithic pillar, preferably 1.5 times less, more preferably 2 times less.
[0013] Thus, because the forces on the structure pass mainly through the end load-bearing pillars and the load-bearing crossbeams, it is possible to reduce the dimensions, in particular in thickness, of the infill elements and thus to significantly reduce the materials required for the construction of the structure.
[0014] According to one embodiment, the filling elements are made of terracotta.
[0015] According to one embodiment, the filling elements are made in a bio-based or geo-based material, preferably raw earth.
[0016] Thus, the structural wall largely comprises filling elements which require less energy for their production than terracotta elements.
[0017] Bio-based materials are materials partially or totally derived from biomass, such as wood, wood fibers, hemp, rapeseed, miscanthus, rice husks, straw, flax shives, cork, corn cobs, reeds, mammal wool, duck feathers, etc.
[0018] Geo-sourced materials are materials derived from mineral resources that have undergone little or no transformation, for example in the absence of firing, such as raw earth or dry stone.
[0019] According to one embodiment, the filling elements are made of a material selected from wood, wood fibers, hemp, rapeseed, miscanthus, rice husks, straw, flax shives, cork, corn cobs, reeds, mammal wool, dry stone, raw earth, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the filling elements are made of raw earth.
[0020] According to one embodiment, the filling elements are arranged in a plurality of rows parallel to each other, each row extending in the horizontal direction.
[0021] Thus, the forces exerted on the supporting cross member are not transmitted to the infill elements which have a lower mechanical strength than the supporting pillars, but directly to the supporting pillars.
[0022] According to one embodiment, the infill elements comprise end infill elements located near the end support pillars, the end support pillars having on a face located opposite the end infill elements a pillar groove extending in the vertical direction, the end infill elements comprising a lateral projection inserted into the pillar groove.
[0023] According to one embodiment, the filling elements have alveoli.
[0024] According to one embodiment, the filling elements comprise elements of current fillers, each current filler element having a lateral projection on a first lateral face and a lateral groove on a second lateral face opposite the first lateral face, the lateral projection cooperating with the lateral groove of an adjacent current filler element in the horizontal direction.
[0025] According to one embodiment, each current filling element comprises at least one stud projecting from a top face and at least one orifice opening onto a bottom face opposite the top face, the stud cooperating with the orifice of an adjacent current filling element in the vertical direction.
[0026] According to one embodiment, the structural wall includes an opening device delimiting the location of a door or window, the opening device comprising two hollow monolithic opening pillars extending in a vertical direction, spaced apart and made of terracotta, and a hollow monolithic lintel arranged on the two hollow monolithic opening pillars.
[0027] According to one embodiment, the structural wall comprises at least one additional load-bearing column located between the end load-bearing columns, the additional load-bearing column comprising a hollow monolithic column extending in a direction vertical and made of terracotta, and comprising a reinforced concrete structure placed inside the hollow monolithic pillar, one end of the hollow monolithic pillar being located against the foundation and the other end of the hollow monolithic pillar being located against the load-bearing crossbeam.
[0028] Thus, in the case of a structural wall with a significant horizontal dimension, the presence of one or more additional load-bearing pillars makes it possible to increase the resistance of the structural wall.
[0029] According to one embodiment, the structural wall comprises a gable cross member located on the load-bearing cross member, the assembly of the gable cross member and the load-bearing cross member having a substantially triangular shape and forming the gable of the structure intended to support a frame and a roof, the gable cross member being made of terracotta in a monolithic and hollow manner, the gable cross member having two wings inclined relative to each other so as to form a gable angle.
[0030] According to one embodiment, the structural wall comprises a base made of terracotta and fixed to the foundation, the base extending between the two end load-bearing pillars in the horizontal direction.
[0031] Thus, the terracotta base makes it possible in particular to protect the filling elements from moisture coming from the ground and to create a rigid terracotta frame for the structural wall.
[0032] According to one embodiment, the seat is made in a monolithic and hollow manner.
[0033] According to one embodiment, the seat comprises a plurality of seat elements as resembled each other.
[0034] According to one embodiment, the seat is interrupted at the level of an opening device.
[0035] According to one embodiment, the structure has a polyhedral shape and comprises a plurality of structural walls connected to each other on the foundation so as to form a closed internal space.
[0036] According to one embodiment, the structure includes an insulation layer, the insulation layer being located between the structural walls and the closed internal space or between the structural walls and the exterior.
[0037] According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a building comprising the aforementioned structure, a framework fixed to the structure, and a roof fixed to the framework. Brief description of the figures
[0038] The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more apparent from the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely by way of example. illustrative and not exhaustive, with reference to the attached drawings.
[0039] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a building structure according to one embodiment, partially shown, with only three of the structural walls, and before the installation of the load-bearing crossbeams.
[0040] Fig. 2 is a partial perspective view of a building structure according to one embodiment, during the installation of the gable crossbeams.
[0041] Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a building according to one embodiment, including the structure, the framework and the roof.
[0042] Fig. 4 is a view of detail IV of Fig. 3, representing an assembly of infill elements near an end load-bearing pillar.
[0043] Fig. 5 is a view of detail V of Fig. 3, representing an assembly of filler elements near an opening device.
[0044] Fig. 6 represents a partial perspective view of an end load-bearing pillar assembled with infill elements according to one embodiment.
[0045] Fig. 7 represents a perspective view of a hollow monolithic pillar of an end load-bearing pillar according to one embodiment.
[0046] Fig. 8 represents a partial perspective view of an end load-bearing pillar assembled with infill elements and load-bearing crossbeams according to one embodiment, the hollow monolithic beams being shown in transparency.
[0047] Fig. 9 represents a perspective view of a hollow monolithic beam of a load-bearing cross member according to one embodiment.
[0048] Fig. 10 represents a perspective view of a common filler element according to one embodiment.
[0049] Fig. 11 represents a cross-sectional view along the cutting plane P of Fig. 8 representing a filling element. Description of the embodiments
[0050] The components of a structure 1 for building 2 and the assembly of these components to form such a structure 1 will be described later in relation to figures 1 to 11.
[0051] Figures 1 to 3 represent the assembly of structure 1 and then of building 2 according to an embodiment at different stages of assembly.
[0052] In [Fig. 1], it can be seen that the structure 1 comprises a foundation 3 in the form of a flat slab, which may, for example, be made of concrete. A plurality of structural walls 4 are fixed to this foundation 3 to define the outer perimeter of the structure 1. In the illustrated example, the structure 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape comprising four structural walls 4 connected to one another. Other embodiments could be considered with a a larger number of structural walls of 4 and varied shapes.
[0053] Each structural wall 4 has two end support columns 5 arranged respectively at one and the other of the two ends of the structural wall 4. Each end support column 5 is common to two adjacent structural walls 4 and forms a corner of the structure 1. Each structural wall 4 is intended to be filled by infill elements, which will be described in more detail later in the description, and which are arranged between the two end support columns 5 of a structural wall 4.
[0054] Each end support pillar 5 comprises a hollow monolithic pillar 6 extending vertically and made of terracotta. Each end support pillar 5 also comprises a reinforced concrete reinforcement 7 located inside the hollow monolithic pillar 6, intended to strengthen the end support pillar and serve as a vertical tie beam. One end of the hollow monolithic pillar 6 is fixed to the foundation 3, and a second end of the hollow monolithic pillar 5, opposite the first end, is intended to support a cross member, which will be described later.
[0055] Figures 6 and 7 illustrate in more detail a load-bearing end pier 5. Each hollow monolithic pier 6, in the illustrated example, has a square cross-section comprising four pier walls extending vertically and connected to each other to form an internal space 9, particularly visible in [Fig. 7]. It is in this internal space 9 that one or more steel bars 33, more particularly illustrated in [Fig. 8], are placed, and concrete is poured to form the reinforced concrete reinforcement 7. The operation of placing the steel bars and pouring the concrete is preferably carried out on site, that is, when the hollow monolithic pier 6 has been placed vertically on the foundation 3.
[0056] Each of the pillar walls 8 advantageously presents an alveolar structure composed of an outer skin and an inner skin connected by alveoli.
[0057] Two of the pillar walls 8 intended to be opposite the infill elements each have a pillar groove 10 extending in the vertical direction. The pillar grooves 10 are intended to accommodate a portion of the infill elements to facilitate their assembly, which will be described in more detail with reference to [Fig. 4].
[0058] Returning to [Fig.1], structure 1 also includes opening devices 11 allowing the openings of a building 2, such as doors or windows, to be delimited in the structural walls 4.
[0059] Each opening device 11 comprises two hollow monolithic pillars 12 spaced apart and made of terracotta, and a monolithic lintel hollow lithic 13 fixed on the two hollow monolithic pillars of opening 12. The hollow monolithic pillars of opening 12 and the hollow monolithic lintel 13 advantageously present an alveolar structure.
[0060] According to one embodiment, unlike the end load-bearing pillars 5, the hollow monolithic pillars with openings 12 and the hollow monolithic lintel 13 may be without reinforced concrete. However, in another embodiment, the hollow monolithic pillars with openings 12 and the hollow monolithic lintel 13 may include continuous reinforced concrete reinforcement between the hollow monolithic pillars with openings 12 and the hollow monolithic lintel 13 in order to increase the mechanical resistance of the opening device 11.
[0061] Furthermore, in another embodiment not shown, the opening device 11 may have a dimension in the height direction equal to the hollow monolithic pillar 6 so that the load-bearing cross rests both on the end load-bearing pillars 5 and on the opening device 11.
[0062] Similar to the end-bearing pillars 5, the hollow monolithic pillars with opening 12 also have a pillar groove 10 on one of their walls located opposite one of the two pillar walls 8 having the pillar groove 10.
[0063] The structure 1 also advantageously comprises a base 14 made of terracotta and fixed to the foundation 3. The base 14 extends between the two end-bearing pillars 5 in the horizontal direction.
[0064] In the structural walls 4 comprising an opening device 11, the base 14 is interrupted and consists of several sections 15 located between an end load-bearing pillar 5 and the opening device 11, and optionally, when the opening device 11 accommodates a window, between the two hollow monolithic opening pillars 12. In the embodiment shown, each section 15 is made monolithically and hollow. In another embodiment not shown, each section 15 may be made by an assembly of a plurality of terracotta elements, such as bricks.
[0065] In structural walls 4 not including an opening device 11, as shown in [Fig. 1], the base 14 is continuous between the two end load-bearing pillars 5 and is monolithic and hollow. In another embodiment not shown, the base 14 can be made by assembling a plurality of terracotta elements, such as bricks.
[0066] Fig. 2 represents structure 1 of Fig. 1 at a more advanced stage of assembly.
[0067] Thus, as shown in [Fig.2], each structural wall 4 comprises a plurality of infill elements 16 which are arranged in a plurality of rows parallel horizontals. For clarity, the infill elements 16 of one of the structural walls 4 shown in [Fig. 2] have been omitted. Each infill element 16 cooperates with the adjacent infill elements to create a continuous assembly.
[0068] Each structural wall 4 comprises a load-bearing cross member 17 resting on the end load-bearing columns 5 of the structural wall 4. Each load-bearing cross member 17 comprises a hollow monolithic beam 18 extending in a horizontal direction and made of terracotta. Each load-bearing cross member 17 also comprises a reinforced concrete reinforcement 7 disposed inside the hollow monolithic beam 18.
[0069] The reinforcement 7 of the load-bearing crossbeams 17 is shown in [Fig. 2] for only one of the load-bearing crossbeams 17 for the sake of clarity. One end of the hollow monolithic beam 18 is positioned and fixed on one of the end load-bearing pillars 5 of the structural wall 4 and a second end is positioned and fixed on the other of the end load-bearing pillars 5 of the structural wall 4.
[0070] The hollow monolithic beam 18 is shown in detail in [Fig. 9]. Each hollow monolithic beam 18 thus has, in the illustrated example, a U-shaped cross-section comprising three beam walls 19 extending horizontally and connected to each other to form a trough 20 that is open upwards. The reinforced concrete reinforcement 7 of the cross member 17 is placed in this trough 20. Similar to the end support columns 5, one or more steel bars are placed in this trough 20 and concrete is poured to form the reinforced concrete reinforcement 7. The operation of placing the steel bars and pouring the concrete is preferably carried out on site, that is, when the hollow monolithic beam 18 has been placed horizontally on the end support columns 5.
[0071] Furthermore, advantageously, the steel bars 33 of the reinforcement 7 of the end support pillars 5 extend beyond the end support pillars 5 so as to protrude into the gutter 20, as seen in [Fig. 8]. Indeed, for this purpose, and as shown in [Fig. 9], the hollow monolithic beam 18 of the support cross member 17 has an opening 34 at each of its ends, allowing the steel bars 33 of the end support pillars 5 to pass through these openings 34 in the hollow monolithic beam 18.
[0072] Also as shown in [Fig. 8], the steel bars 33 of the reinforcement 7 of the load-bearing crossbeams 17 extend to the ends of the steel bars 33 of the two end load-bearing pillars 5 framing the load-bearing crossbeam 17 in order to form a continuous metal structure inside the monolithic terracotta structures. Finally, during the pouring of the concrete into the gutter 20, the ends of the steel bars 33 of the end load-bearing pillars 5 are also embedded in the concrete of the reinforcement 7 of the load-bearing crossbeams 17 so as to create continuity between the reinforcement 7 of the end load-bearing pillars 5 and the reinforcement 7 of the load-bearing crossbeams 17.
[0073] In the embodiment shown in [Fig.8], the concrete is poured first into the end support pillars 5 before the placement of the support beams 17, and then into the gutter 20 of the support beams 17. In another embodiment, the concrete for the reinforced concrete reinforcement 7 is poured all at once after the placement of the support beams 17, so as to be placed in the support beams 17 and the end support pillars 5 at the same time.
[0074] Each of the beam walls 19 advantageously presents a honeycomb structure composed of an outer skin and an inner skin connected by honeycombs.
[0075] The ends of the hollow monolithic beams 18 are preferably beveled at 45° to allow a mitered joint between two adjacent hollow monolithic beams 18. Thus, the ends of two adjacent hollow monolithic beams 18 are joined and fixed to the same end-bearing pillar 5, as seen in [Fig. 2].
[0076] The gutters 20 of the load-bearing crossbeams 17 form a continuous loop all around the structure 1 so that the reinforcement 7 of the load-bearing crossbeams 17 provides a horizontal tie beam for the structure 1
[0077] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, two of the opposing structural walls 4 each have a gable cross member 21 located on and fixed to one of the load-bearing cross members 17. The assembly of the gable cross member 21 and the load-bearing cross member 17 has a substantially triangular shape and forms the gable of the structure 1, which is intended to support the frame 22 and the roof 23, as seen in [Fig. 4]. In the example shown, the gable cross member 21 is made of terracotta in a monolithic, hollow form and has two flanges inclined relative to each other to form a gable angle. This gable angle defines the angle of inclination of the roof 23.
[0078] Fig. 3 represents building 2 according to an embodiment which includes the structure 1 as described above and on which the frame 22 and the roof 23 rest. Indeed, the frame 22 is fixed to the gable crossbeams 21 of the structure 1 and the roof 24 is fixed to the frame 22.
[0079] In [Fig.3], filler elements 16 have been deliberately omitted in order to illustrate their assembly in figures 4 and 5.
[0080] Indeed, [Fig.4] shows in particular a filling element 16 which is assembled with one of the end supporting pillars 5 while [Fig.5] shows in particular a filling element 16 which is assembled with an opening device 11 and in particular a hollow monolithic pillar with opening 12.
[0081] The filling elements 16 may comprise different types of elements filling 16 in order to adapt to the horizontal dimension of the structural wall 4.
[0082] Figures 10 and 11 show in isolation a filling element 16 called "common" which makes up the majority of the filling of the walls of structure 4. As can be seen in these two figures, the common filling element 16 is generally rectangular parallelepiped in shape comprising a top face 24, a bottom face 25 and four lateral faces 26, 27 connecting the top face 24 to the bottom face 25.
[0083] Among the four lateral faces 26, 27, it is possible to distinguish the two long lateral faces 26 which are located in the length direction of the filling element and the two short lateral faces 27 located perpendicular to this length direction.
[0084] The common filler element 16 comprises two protruding studs 28 from the upper face 24 and two openings 29 located directly above the studs 28 in the vertical direction and opening onto the lower face 25, as shown in Figures 8 and 9. The studs 28 and the openings 29 have complementary shapes so that a stud 28 of a first filler element 16 can be assembled by form cooperation with an opening 29 of a second filler element 16 located above the first. In the example shown, the studs 28 are thus cylindrical with a circular base and the openings 29 are also cylindrical with a circular base, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the stud 28. For example, the diameter of a stud 28 may be on the order of 70 mm while the diameter of an opening may be on the order of 76 mm.Different shapes and sizes could be used as long as they allow cooperation between a stud 28 and an orifice 29.
[0085] The current filler element 16 also includes a lateral projection 30 projecting from one of the short lateral faces 27 and a lateral groove 31 formed on the other of the short lateral faces 27, as shown in Figures 8 and 9. The lateral projection 30 and the lateral groove 31 have complementary shapes so that a lateral projection 30 of a first filler element 16 can be assembled by form cooperation to a lateral groove 31 of a second filler element 16 located next to the first. In the example shown, the lateral projection 30 is rectangular in shape and extends along a height direction of the filler element 16 corresponding to the vertical direction after assembly.The lateral groove 31 is also rectangular parallelepiped in shape and extends along the height direction of the filling element 16, the dimension of whose short side is slightly greater than the dimension of the short side of the lateral projection 30. Different shapes and sizes could be used as long as they allow cooperation between a lateral projection 30 and a lateral groove 31.
[0086] The filling elements 16 also include alveoli 32 allowing their mass to be reduced.
[0087] The filling elements 16 have been presented according to a particular embodiment allowing the different filling elements 16 to be fitted together in the height direction using the studs 28 and the holes 29. In another embodiment, the filling elements 16 may have flat upper and lower faces 24, 25 and be joined together in the thickness direction using a binder.
[0088] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the lateral projection 30 of the infill elements 16 adjacent in the horizontal direction to one of the end-bearing pillars 5 or to one of the hollow monolithic pillars with opening 12 is inserted into the pillar groove 10. Thus, in the same way as for a lateral groove 31, the lateral projection 30 has a complementary shape with the pillar groove 10 in order to allow their assembly.
[0089] As previously described, the infill elements 16 are assembled in successive horizontal rows along the entire height of a structural wall 4. Furthermore, as shown in [Fig. 4], the infill elements 16 of a first row are staggered with respect to the infill elements 16 of a second row located below the first row. Thus, a common infill element 16 of the first row has one of its orifices 29 inserted into a stud 28 of a first infill element of the first row and the other of its orifices 29 inserted into a stud 28 of a second infill element of the first row.
[0090] Furthermore, as can be seen in [Fig. 4], the infill elements 16 have a dimension in the thickness direction of the structural wall 4, or thickness, that is less than the thickness of the hollow monolithic columns 6, for example, half that. In the example shown, the square-section hollow monolithic column 6 has sides of the square on the order of 200 mm, while the thickness of an infill element 16 is on the order of 100 mm.
[0091] In the embodiment shown in [Fig. 5], the hollow monolithic pillar with opening 12 and consequently the hollow monolithic lintel 13 have a thickness equal to the thickness of a filling element, for example, on the order of 100 mm. However, in another embodiment not shown, the hollow monolithic pillar with opening 12 and the hollow monolithic lintel 13 may have a thickness equal to that of the hollow monolithic pillars 6, in order to increase the mechanical strength of the opening device 11.
[0092] As mentioned above, and as seen in [Fig.5], in order to complete the rows and adapt to the horizontal dimension of the structural wall 4, the filling elements 16 include so-called "special" filling elements which have differences with the regular filling elements.
[0093] Indeed, because the row of filling elements 16 must start with a lateral projection 30 and end with a lateral projection 30 to fit into a pillar groove 10 of an end supporting pillar 5 or of an opening device 11, or even of an additional supporting pillar (not shown).
[0094] Therefore, each row can advantageously include a special filling element 16 which differs from a regular filling element 16 in that it has two lateral projections 30, one made on one of the short side walls 27 and the other made on the other of the short side walls 27.
[0095] Furthermore, a special filling element 16 may also differ in its longitudinal dimension from a standard filling element 16. Therefore, in one embodiment, a special filling element 16 may have a longitudinal dimension half that of a standard filling element 16 and thus comprise only one stud 28 and one orifice 29.
[0096] These two differences can be combined on the same special filling element 16 as shown in [Fig.4] so that the special filling element 16 has two lateral projections 30 on either side of it as well as a single stud 28 and a single orifice 29 due to a longitudinal dimension half smaller than a regular filling element 16.
[0097] Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is clearly evident that it is by no means limited to them and that it includes all technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these fall within the scope of the invention.
[0098] The use of the verb "comprise", "comprendre" or "include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps than those stated in a claim.
[0099] In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses shall not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.
Claims
Claims
1. Structure (1) for a building (2), the structure (1) comprising a foundation (3) and at least one structural wall (4) fixed on the foundation (3), the structural wall (4) comprising: - two end-bearing pillars (5) arranged at two ends of the structural wall (4) and defining between them a space intended to receive a plurality of filling elements (16), - a load-bearing crosspiece (17) resting on the end-bearing pillars (5), in which each end-bearing pillar (5) comprises a hollow monolithic pillar (6) extending in a vertical direction and made of terracotta, and comprises a reinforcement (7) of reinforced concrete arranged inside the hollow monolithic pillar (6), a first end of the hollow monolithic pillar (6) being located against the foundation (3) and a second end of the hollow monolithic pillar (6) being located against the load-bearing crosspiece (17),wherein each load-bearing crosspiece (17) comprises a hollow monolithic beam (18) extending in a horizontal direction and made of terracotta, and comprises a reinforcement (7) of reinforced concrete arranged inside the hollow monolithic beam (18), a first end of the hollow monolithic beam (18) being arranged on one of the end load-bearing pillars (5) and a second end being arranged on the other of the end load-bearing pillars (5).,
2. Structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein the structural wall (4) comprises a plurality of filling elements (16) arranged between the two end load-bearing pillars (5) in the horizontal direction and between the foundation (3) and the load-bearing beam in the vertical direction, each filling element (16) cooperating with a plurality of adjacent filling elements (16).
3. Structure (1) according to claim 2, in which the filling elements (16) are made from a bio-sourced or geo-sourced material.
4. Structure (1) according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the filling elements (16) are arranged in a plurality of rows parallel to each other, each row extending in the horizontal direction.
5. Structure (1) according to one of claims 2 to 4, in which the filling elements (16) comprise filling elements end members located near the end bearing pillars (5), the end bearing pillars (5) having on a face located opposite the end filling elements (16) a pillar groove (10) extending in the vertical direction, the end filling elements comprising a lateral projection (30) inserted into the pillar groove (10).
6. Structure (1) according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the filling elements (16) comprise current filling elements (16), each current filling element (16) comprising a lateral projection (30) on a first lateral face and a lateral groove (31) on a second lateral face opposite the first lateral face, the lateral projection (30) cooperating with the lateral groove (31) of an adjacent current filling element (16) in the horizontal direction.
7. Structure (1) according to claim 6, in which each current filling element (16) comprises at least one stud (28) projecting from an upper face (24) and at least one orifice (29) opening onto a lower face (25) opposite the upper face (24), the stud (28) cooperating with the orifice (29) of an adjacent current filling element (16) in the vertical direction.
8. Structure (1) according to one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the filling elements (16) have a dimension in the thickness direction of the structural wall (4) smaller than a dimension in the thickness direction of the structural wall (4) of the hollow monolithic pillar (6).
9. Structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the structural wall (4) comprises an opening device (11) delimiting the location of a door or a window, the opening device (11) comprising two hollow monolithic opening pillars (12) extending in a vertical direction, spaced from each other and made of terracotta, and a hollow monolithic lintel (13) arranged on the two hollow monolithic opening pillars (12).
10. Structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the structural wall (4) comprises at least one additional load-bearing pillar located between the end load-bearing pillars (5), the additional load-bearing pillar comprising a hollow monolithic pillar (6) extending in a vertical direction and made of terracotta, and comprising a reinforcement (7) of reinforced concrete arranged inside the hollow monolithic pillar (6), a first end of the hollow monolithic pillar (6) being located against the foundation (3) and a second end of the hollow monolithic pillar (6) being located against the load-bearing crosspiece (17).
11. Structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, in which the structural wall (4) comprises a gable crosspiece (21) located on the supporting crosspiece (17), the assembly of the gable crosspiece (21) and the supporting crosspiece (17) having a substantially triangular shape and forming the gable of the structure (1) intended to support a frame (22) and a roof (23), the gable crosspiece (21) being made of terracotta in a monolithic and hollow manner, the gable crosspiece (21) having two wings inclined relative to each other so as to form a gable angle.
12. Structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, in which the structural wall (4) comprises a base (14) made of terracotta and fixed to the foundation (3), the base (14) extending between the two end load-bearing pillars (5) in the horizontal direction.
13. Structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the structure (1) has a polyhedral shape and comprises a plurality of structure walls (4) connected to each other on the foundation (3) so as to form a closed internal space.
14. The structure (1) of claim 13, wherein the structure (1) comprises an insulation layer, the insulation layer being located between the structure walls (4) and the enclosed internal space or between the structure walls (4) and the exterior.
15. Building (2) comprising a structure (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, a frame (22) fixed to the structure (1), and a roof (23) fixed to the frame (22).