SELF-REPAIRING MULTI-JUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL AND SELF-REPAIR METHOD FOR SUCH A CELL

Abstract

A photovoltaic cell configured to allow the use of first perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of a photovoltaic panel as an electrical generator on the sunlit side of the photovoltaic panel, while second perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the shaded side of the solar panel undergo a self-repair process during the day. A photovoltaic device comprising a photovoltaic panel (P) equipped with such photovoltaic cells and further comprising an electrical connection device (7) adapted to connect perovskite absorber stack electrodes on the sunlit side to create a multi-junction photovoltaic generator, said connection device (7) being adapted to connect the shaded-side stack electrodes of the solar panel to a regeneration module. Figure 2A

Description

Title of the invention: SELF-REPAIRING MULTI-JUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL AND METHOD FOR SELF-REPAIRING SUCH A CELL technical field

[0001] This disclosure falls within the field of photovoltaic renewable energies and concerns a new architecture for a multi-junction solar power generation unit. In the case of multi-junction photovoltaic cells based on thin films, particularly layers based on perovskite materials, these layers can exhibit reversible degradation and thus allow for self-repair of these layers and therefore of the cells. Previous technique

[0002] Silicon photovoltaic cells degrade slowly but irreversibly, and their average lifespan in production is around 40 years (considering a degradation rate of 0.5% per year and end of life at 80% of nominal power). New perovskite cell technologies, which will be used in perovskite / silicon multijunction modules to limit thermal loss and thus increase efficiency, are subject, according to ongoing studies, to a greater degradation rate that varies depending on the technologies studied (for example, on the order of 0.05% to 0.5% per day). However, some of this degradation, linked in part to the electronic and ionic nature of the charges in perovskite materials, is reversible, which makes it possible to envision self-repair of the perovskite layers in multijunction cells.

[0003] The reversible degradation of perovskite layers is notably linked to the movement of ions within the structure of these layers. Unlike the reference case of silicon, transient phenomena are observed under real-world conditions, for example during day-night cycles, and these phenomena can be exploited to reduce degradation and restore optimal cell performance. To date, self-repair in the case of reversible degradation is limited to recovery during nighttime periods, this recovery being akin to a period of cell rest. Technical problem

[0004] Currently, self-repair, which is limited to the duration of nighttime periods and is not controlled by an algorithm, may not take into account all the self-repair needs created by cell usage. Furthermore, self-repair is not optimized and does not, in particular, allow for the search and provision of an optimum regeneration rate necessary to return to the initial state of per- cell formation at each cycle / day. Description of the invention

[0005] In light of this situation, the objective of this disclosure is, firstly, to propose cells that optimize their self-repair and to produce photovoltaic modules equipped with such cells and, secondly, to provide methods and algorithms for controlling such photovoltaic modules in order to manage and maximize the self-repair of said cells. To this end, the present invention is based on photovoltaic assemblies configured to allow the use of first photovoltaic stacks as an electrical generator while a second photovoltaic stack undergoes a self-repair process during the day.

[0006] More specifically, the present disclosure proposes a photovoltaic cell provided with a photovoltaic assembly comprising, from a first face of the assembly to a second face of the assembly: - a first connecting electrode of a first transparent electrical contact layer on at least one first selective charge extraction layer of a first photovoltaic stack, - the first photovoltaic stack, - a second connecting electrode of a second transparent electrical contact layer on at least a second selective charge extraction layer of said first photovoltaic stack, - a first transparent insulating layer, - a third connecting electrode from a first transparent electrical contact layer to at least a second selective charge extraction layer from a second photovoltaic stack, - the second photovoltaic stack, - a fourth connecting electrode of a second transparent electrical contact layer on at least a first layer for selective charge extraction of said second photovoltaic stack, - a second transparent insulating layer, - a fifth connecting electrode of a first transparent electrical contact layer on at least one first selective charge extraction layer of a third photovoltaic stack, - the third photovoltaic stack, - a sixth connecting electrode of a second transparent electrical contact layer on at least a second selective charge extraction layer of said third photovoltaic stack, for which: - the first photovoltaic stack and the third photovoltaic stack are perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, - the second photovoltaic stack is a photovoltaic stack with an absorber of a material with a band gap lower than that of the first stack and that of the third stack, in particular a silicon absorber material, another perovskite, thin film absorber or other material, - said connecting electrodes of said transparent layers of electrical contact are independent of each other.

[0007] Such an assembly makes it possible to produce panel cells for which the perovskite photovoltaic stacks can be isolated from the rest of the assembly in order to be regenerated.

[0008] In the assembly, the first and third photovoltaic stacks may each comprise: - one or more first protective and passivation layers of said perovskite absorber between said first selective electrical charge extraction layers and said perovskite absorber, - said perovskite absorber, - one or more second layers of protection and passivation of said absorbers between said one or more second layers of selective extraction of electrical charges and said perovskite absorber.

[0009] The present disclosure also proposes a photovoltaic device comprising a photovoltaic panel provided with photovoltaic assemblies described above and further comprising an electrical connection device adapted to connect the first electrode and the fifth electrode to the third electrode of said assemblies on the one hand and adapted to connect the second electrode and the sixth electrode to the fourth electrode of said assemblies and to realize a multi-junction photovoltaic generator, said connection device being adapted to selectively disconnect the electrodes of the first stack of said assemblies or the electrodes of the third stack from the electrodes of the second stack of said assemblies.

[0010] With one face of the panel oriented towards sunlight and a second face of the panel oriented towards shade, the electrical connection device is advantageously configured to connect the first and second photovoltaic stacks to form a first current / voltage generator, and to disconnect the third photovoltaic stacks from the first and second photovoltaic stacks to put said third photovoltaic stacks into a self-repair mode, and for which the second With the first face of the panel facing the sunlight and the second face of said panel facing the shade, the electrical connection device is configured to connect the third photovoltaic stacks and the second photovoltaic stacks to form a second current / voltage generator and to disconnect the first photovoltaic stacks from the second and third photovoltaic stacks to put the first photovoltaic stacks into a self-healing mode.

[0011] This disclosure further proposes a photovoltaic system comprising at least: - a photovoltaic device as described above, - a frame equipped with means for reversing the panel, - a converter module with MPPT regulation and - a regeneration module for said perovskite absorbers, for which the converter module includes means for monitoring irradiance perceived by the panel and means for monitoring weather data, means for monitoring the degradation of the perovskite absorbers and means for controlling said reversing means configured to reverse said panel in the event of degradation exceeding a defined threshold of those of said first or third photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers positioned on the sunlit side to position them on the shaded side and to position the other of said first and third photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlit side,The connection device is configured to disconnect the first and third photovoltaic stacks positioned on the shaded side of the converter module and to connect it to the regeneration module.

[0012] The regeneration module may include at least one of the following:

[0013] a device for short-circuiting the electrodes of a perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack connected to it,

[0014] a device for opening the electrodes of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack to which it is connected,

[0015] a device generating voltage pulses to the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack to which it is connected,

[0016] and include means for measuring current / voltage under darkness of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks connected to it.

[0017] This disclosure further proposes a method for controlling solar panels comprising photovoltaic assemblies in a system such as those described above:

[0018] one or more measurements of perceived irradiance and temperature at said at least one panel, and measurements of weather data;

[0019] a detection of the situation day or night;

[0020] if night is detected:

[0021] one or more recordings and analyses of the regeneration of the first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, estimation of the time required for maximum regeneration of said stacks and implementation of regeneration processes of said first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel;

[0022] if daylight is detected:

[0023] one or more sequences comprising the regeneration of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, the estimation of the expected performance of the sun-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, the measurement of the degradation of the sun-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks relative to said expected performance, and the estimation of the regeneration rate of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel relative to said expected performance in order to detect a regeneration rate giving a higher performance of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks than a performance of the sun-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks after degradation, and a detection such that,

[0024] if the regeneration of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks corresponds to a performance superior to that of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks after degradation, a reversal of said panel by control of said reversing means;

[0025] if the regeneration of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks remains lower than a performance of the degraded sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, the maintenance of the panel in its position.

[0026] This disclosure also relates to a panel control method in which the estimation of the regeneration rate of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the shade side of said panel includes current / voltage measurements in the shade.

[0027] The regeneration steps may include at least one of the following operations:

[0028] one or more applications of voltage pulses across the terminals of perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks,

[0029] one or more short-circuitings of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks and,

[0030] one or more open-circuiting of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks

[0031] Said sequence can be repeated during the operation of said panels.

[0032] The present disclosure further proposes a photovoltaic system comprising a processor associated with a program memory containing a program provided instructions for implementing said process.

[0033] The present disclosure provides for a non-transient, computer-readable recording medium on which said program is recorded. Brief description of the drawings

[0034] Other features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments and from the analysis of the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0035] [Fig-1] shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a photo assembly Voltaic;

[0036] [Fig.2A], [Fig.2B] show schematic views of implementation of the assembly of the [Fig.1];

[0037] [Fig.3] shows an example of a logic diagram of a photovoltaic panel control method;

[0038] [Fig.4] shows a schematic view of the implementation of a panel of the present nighttime disclosure. Description of implementation methods

[0039] The drawings and description below contain elements that can not only serve to better understand the present invention, but also contribute to its definition, if necessary.

[0040] Reference is now made to [Fig. 1], which represents a first embodiment of a photovoltaic assembly of the present disclosure, comprising from a first face 1 of the assembly to a second face 2 of the assembly. - a first electrode cl which is connected to a first transparent electrical contact layer 32a, for example a contact grid or a conductive layer, in order to connect at least a first transparent charge-extraction layer 33a of a first photovoltaic stack 3, - the first photovoltaic stack 3, - a second electrode c2 which is connected to a second transparent electrical contact layer 32b, for example a contact grid or a conductive layer, in order to connect at least a second transparent charge-harvesting layer 33b of said first photovoltaic stack 3, - a first transparent insulating layer 61, - a third electrode c3 connected to a first transparent electrical contact layer 52a in order to connect at least one first transparent charge extraction layer 53a of a second photovoltaic stack, - the second photovoltaic stack 5, - a fourth electrode c4 connected to a second transparent electrical contact layer 52b in order to connect at least a second transparent charge-extraction layer 53b of said second photovoltaic stack 5, - a second transparent insulating layer 62, - a fifth electrode c5 which is connected to a first transparent electrical contact layer 42a in order to connect at least one first transparent charge extraction layer 43a of a third photovoltaic stack 4, - the third photovoltaic stack 4, - a sixth electrode c6 which is connected to a second transparent electrical contact layer 42b in order to connect at least a second transparent charge-extraction layer 43b of said third photovoltaic stack, for which: - the first photovoltaic stack 3 and the third photovoltaic stack 4 are photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber 31, 41, - the second photovoltaic stack 5 is a photovoltaic stack with a silicon absorber 51, another perovskite, a thin-film absorber, or an absorber of a material with a band gap lower than that of the first stack and that of the third stack, - said electrodes cl, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6 for connecting said extraction layers 33a, 33b, 43a, 43b, 53a, 53b through said conductive layers 32a, 32b, 42a, 42b, 52a, 52b are independent of each other.

[0041] This embodiment produces a photovoltaic cell, which has the possibility of being bifacial depending on the contact connections chosen, and whose stacks have separate output electrodes which allow the photovoltaic stack 4 shade side 11 to be isolated from the stacks 3 light side 10 and central 5, as in [Fig.2A], or the photovoltaic stack 3 shade side 11 to be isolated from the stacks 4 light side 10 and central 5, as in [Fig.2B], when the panel containing the cells of this disclosure is turned over.

[0042] Returning to [Fig.1], the first and third photovoltaic stack each comprise one or more first layers of protection and passivation 34a, 44a, 33b, 44b of said absorbers between said selective extraction layers 33a, 43a, 33b, 43b of electrical charges on each side of said perovskite absorber 31,41.

[0043] The selective extraction layers of the charges can in particular be layers known by the abbreviations ETL or HTL (according to the English name "electron transport layer" or "hole transport layer").

[0044] Electrically insulating and optically transparent layers 61, 62 are for example layers known in the field by the acronym EVA.

[0045] The assemblies shown are constituent elements of photovoltaic panels P, schematically represented for the first embodiment in [Fig. 2A] in a first position and in [Fig. 2B] in a position inverted relative to the first position, as seen above. According to the figures, two panel assemblies are shown to avoid complicating the drawing, but the panel may have a large number of them according to an x, y matrix. The assemblies are chosen according to the desired voltage and current output of the device, depending on the downstream electrical system. In the context of this disclosure, the electrodes of the first stacks 3, 3', ... are connected in parallel, the electrodes of the second stacks 5, 5', ... are connected in parallel, and the electrodes of the third stacks 4, 4', ... are connected in parallel.

[0046] For this configuration, the perovskite absorber stacks located on the light side 10 and the silicon absorber stacks receive light and can operate as generators, while the perovskite absorber stacks located under the panel, which receive virtually no light, can be put into regeneration mode even during the day.

[0047] To achieve this, a connection device 7 is configured to allow the electrodes of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks under the panel to be disconnected from the electrodes of the other stacks which are connected in parallel. This allows the electrodes of the perovskite absorber stacks under the panel to be connected to a regeneration module 9, while the electrodes of the light-side perovskite absorber stacks 10 and the silicon absorber stacks are connected to an MPPT converter module 8, MPPT being the acronym for "Maximum Power Point Tracking".

[0048] In the case of [Fig. 2A], the electrodes of the photovoltaic stacks 4, 4' are located under the panel in the shade 11 of the panel when face 1a of the panel is facing the light and face 2a of the panel is facing the shade. These stacks with perovskite absorbers are then connected via the electrical connection device 7 to the regeneration module. In this case, the perovskite absorber stacks 3, 3' on the light side 11 and the silicon absorber stacks 5, 5' are connected together and connected to the MPPT converter module 8 via the electrical connection device 7.

[0049] In the case of [Fig. 2B], the panel has been inverted, and the electrodes of the photovoltaic stacks 3, 3' are located under the panel in the shaded area 11 when face 2a of the panel is facing the light and face la of the panel is facing the shaded area. These stacks are then connected via the electrical connection device 7 to the regeneration module. In this case, the perovskite absorber stacks 4, 4' on the light-facing side 11 and the silicon stacks 5, 5' are connected together and linked to the MPPT converter module 8 via the electrical connection device 7.

[0050] To do this, the electrical connection device may include two contact-carrying plates adapted to rotate relative to each other as in a rotary connector or may be an electronic device with electronic switches for example based on IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) or MOSFET (metal-oxide gate field-effect transistor) transistors configured to distribute the electrodes between the MPPT converter module 8 and the regeneration module 9 and controlled by the position of the panel.

[0051] This system therefore allows for self-repair or regeneration sequences of the perovskite absorber stacks located under the panel during the day while the panel supplies electricity by means of the multi-junction cells formed by the perovskite absorber stacks on the light side on the upper face and the central stacks, for example, of silicon absorbers in the panels.

[0052] To enable the operation of the panels P, P' as explained above, the latter are integrated into a photovoltaic system comprising said panels mounted in frames equipped with means 12 for turning the panels, the electrical connection devices 7 associated with the panels, preferably one per panel or one per group of assemblies according to a distribution by row or by column of assemblies on the panel, one or more converter modules 8 with MPPT regulation and one or more modules 9 for regeneration of said perovskite absorbers.

[0053] The converter module(s) are selectively connected to the panel outputs to connect only the active stacks. These converter modules preferably include means for monitoring the irradiance perceived by the panel and means for monitoring weather data.

[0054] According to this disclosure, the converter modules or associated monitoring modules are provided with means for monitoring the degradation of the perovskite absorbers 31, 41.

[0055] They include control means for said reversing means 12 configured to reverse the panels associated with them in the event of damage to greater than a defined threshold of those of said photovoltaic stacks 3, 4 with perovskite absorber of the panel positioned on the sunlit side 10 to position them on the shaded side and to position on the sunlit side the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber 4, 3 of the panel previously on the shaded side.

[0056] In parallel, during the flips, the connection device 7 of the panels is configured to disconnect those of the said first and third photovoltaic stack positioned on the shaded side of the converter module 8 and to connect them with the regeneration modules 9 associated with the flipped panels.

[0057] For the regeneration of perovskite absorbers related to ion movement and distribution, the regeneration modules comprise at least one of the following: - a device 91 for short-circuiting the electrodes of a photovoltaic stack with a perovskite absorber to which it is connected, - a device 92 for opening the electrodes of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack to which it is connected, - a device 93 generating voltage pulses towards the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack to which it is connected.

[0058] To measure the degradation and regeneration of the stacks, the regeneration module 9 includes means 94 for measuring current / voltage of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks under darkness.

[0059] These devices are used according to the degradation of said stacks to achieve a repositioning of the ions according to determined sequences including for example regeneration modes including in particular a short circuit of the stacks, an open circuit of the stacks, a generation of voltage pulses at the terminals of the stacks, the system being configured to autonomously evaluate whether the treatment is effective or switch to another mode.

[0060] It should be noted that during the day the stacks located under the panels are regenerated, while at night the stacks with perovskite absorbers on both sides of the panel are regenerated. To achieve this, the connector device can, as shown in [Fig. 4], include two additional groups of switches 71, 72 controlled by the converter module and the day / night detection means, for example from the weather monitoring means. These additional groups of switches 71, 72 allow all the stacks with perovskite absorbers to be connected to the regeneration device 9 and disconnected from the converter module 8.

[0061] A method for controlling a photovoltaic system as described in [Fig. 3] may in particular include a sequence of:

[0062] one or more measurements of perceived irradiance and temperature at said at least one panel, and measurements of weather data;

[0063] a detection 110 of the situation day or night;

[0064] if night is detected:

[0065] one or more recording and analysis of the regeneration of the first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, estimation of the time required for maximum regeneration of said stacks and implementation of regeneration processes of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel 160;

[0066] if daylight is detected:

[0067] one or more sequences comprising the regeneration of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks 120, the estimation of the expected performance of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, the measurement of the degradation of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks relative to said expected performance, and the estimation of the regeneration rate of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel relative to said expected performance in order to detect a regeneration rate giving a higher performance of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks than a performance of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks after degradation 130 and a detection 140 such that,

[0068] if the regeneration of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks corresponds to a performance superior to that of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks after degradation, a reversal 150 of said panel by control of said reversing means 12;

[0069] if the regeneration of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks remains lower than a performance of the degraded sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, the maintenance of the panel in its position.

[0070] The estimation of the regeneration rate of the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorber on the shaded side of said panel includes current / voltage measurements in the shade.

[0071] The regeneration steps include at least one of the following operations:

[0072] one or more applications of voltage pulses across the terminals of perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks,

[0073] one or more short-circuitings of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks and,

[0074] one or more open circuits of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks.

[0075] Said sequence is notably repeated during the operation of said panels and the life of the system.

[0076] The invention is not limited to the examples described above, only as This is just one example, but it encompasses all the variations that a person skilled in the art might consider within the framework of the desired protection. In particular, the converter module, connector device, and regeneration module can be separate elements or grouped together in a controller device, either partially or entirely, and the process can be integrated into a management system for a photovoltaic panel array or groups of panels.

Claims

1. Demands Multi-junction photovoltaic cell comprising a photovoltaic assembly including, from a first face (1) of the assembly to a second face (2) of the assembly: - a first electrode (cl) for connecting a first transparent layer (32a) of electrical contact on at least one first layer for selective charge extraction (33a) of a first photovoltaic stack (3), - the first photovoltaic stack (3), - a second electrode (c2) for connecting a second transparent layer (32b) for electrical contact on at least one second selective charge extraction layer (33b) of said first photovoltaic stack, - a first transparent insulating layer (61), - a third electrode (c3) for connecting a first transparent layer (52a) of electrical contact to at least a second layer for selectively extracting charges (53a) from a second photovoltaic stack (5), - the second photovoltaic stack (5), - a fourth electrode (c4) for connecting a second transparent layer (52b) for electrical contact on at least one first selective charge extraction layer (53b) of said second photovoltaic stack, - a second transparent insulating layer (62), - a fifth electrode (c5) for connecting a first transparent layer (42a) of electrical contact to at least a first selective charge extraction layer (43a) of a third photovoltaic stack (4), - the third photovoltaic stack (4), - a sixth electrode (c6) for connecting a second transparent layer (42b) for electrical contact on at least one second selective charge extraction layer (43b) of said third photovoltaic stack, for which: the first photovoltaic stack (3) and the third em- photovoltaic stacks (4) are photovoltaic stacks with a perovskite absorber (31, 41), - the second photovoltaic stack is a photovoltaic stack with an absorber (51) of a material with a band gap lower than that of the first stack and that of the third stack, in particular of a silicon absorber material, another perovskite, thin film absorber or other material, - said electrodes (cl, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6) for connecting said transparent layers of electrical contact (32a, 32b, 42a, 42b, 52a, 52b) are independent of each other.

2. Photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the first and third photovoltaic stacks each comprise: - one or more first layers of protection and passivation (34a, 44a) of said absorbers between said first layers of selective extraction (33a, 43a) of electrical charges and said perovskite absorber, - said perovskite absorber (31, 41), - one or more second layers of protection and passivation (34b, 44b) of said absorbers between said one or more second layers of selective extraction (43a, 43b) of electrical charges and said perovskite absorber.

3. A photovoltaic device comprising a photovoltaic panel (P) provided with cells according to claim 1 or 2 and further comprising an electrical connection device (7) adapted to connect the first electrode (c1) and the fifth electrode (c5) to the third electrode (c3) of said assemblies on the one hand and adapted to connect the second electrode (c2) and the sixth electrode (c6) to the fourth electrode (c4) of said assemblies and to make a multi-junction photovoltaic generator, said connection device (7) being adapted to selectively disconnect the electrodes (c1, c2) of the first stack of said assemblies or the electrodes (c5, c6) of the third stack of the electrodes (c3, c4) of the second stack of said assemblies.

4.

5. Photovoltaic device according to claim 3, wherein, a first face (1a) of the panel (P) being disposed on the sunlight side (10) and a second face (2a) of the panel (P) being disposed on the shaded side (11), the electrical connection device (7) is configured to connect the first photovoltaic stacks (3) and the second photovoltaic stacks (5) to form a first current / voltage generator, and to disconnect the third photovoltaic stacks (4) from the first and second photovoltaic stacks to put said third photovoltaic stacks into a self-repair mode, and wherein, the second face (2a) of the panel (P) being disposed on the sunlight side (10) and the first face (1a) of said panel (P) on the shaded side (11),The electrical connection device (7) is configured to connect the third photovoltaic stacks (4) and the second photovoltaic stacks (5) to form a second current / voltage generator and to disconnect the first photovoltaic stacks (3) from the second and third photovoltaic stacks to put the first photovoltaic stacks into a self-repair mode. Photovoltaic system comprising at least: - a photovoltaic device according to claim 3 or 4, - a frame equipped with means (12) for reversing the panel (P), - a converter module (8) with MPPT regulation and - a module (9) for regenerating said perovskite absorbers, wherein the converter module (8) includes means for monitoring irradiance perceived by the panel and means for monitoring weather data, means for monitoring the degradation of the perovskite absorbers (31, 41), and means for controlling said reversing means (12) configured to reverse said panel in the event of degradation exceeding a defined threshold of those of said first or third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks (3, 4) positioned on the sunlit side (10) to position them on the shaded side and to position the other of said first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks (4, 3) on the sunlit side, the connection device (7) being configured to disconnect those of said first and third photovoltaic stacks positioned on the shaded side of the converter module (8) and to connect it with the regeneration module (9).

6. A photovoltaic system according to claim 5, wherein the regeneration module (9) comprises at least one of the following: - a device (91) for short-circuiting the electrodes of a perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack connected to it, - a device (92) for opening the electrodes of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack to which it is connected, - a device (93) generating voltage pulses to the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stack to which it is connected, - and includes means (94) for measuring current / voltage under darkness of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks which are connected to it.

7. Method for controlling a photovoltaic system according to claim 5 or 6 containing a sequence of: - one or more measurements of perceived irradiance and temperature at the level of said at least one panel, and measurements of weather data; - detection (110) of the day or night situation; a. if night is detected: i. one or more recordings and analyses of the regeneration of the first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, estimation of the time required for maximum regeneration of said stacks and implementation of regeneration processes of said first and third perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks of said panel (160); b. if daylight is detected: i. one or more sequences including the regeneration of shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks (120), the estimation of the expected performance of the photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlit side, the measurement of the degradation of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlit side relative to said expected performance and the estimation of the regeneration rate of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the shaded side of said panel relative to said expected performance in order to detect a regeneration rate giving a higher performance of photovoltaic stacks with absorbers on the shaded side than a performance of photovoltaic stacks with perovskite absorbers on the sunlit side after degradation (130) and a detection (140) such that, ii. if the regeneration of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks corresponds to a performance superior to that of the sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks after degradation, a reversal (150) of said panel by control of said reversing means (12); iii. if the regeneration of the shade-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks remains lower than the performance of the degraded sunlight-side perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, the panel should be kept in its position.

8. A method for controlling panels according to claim 7, wherein the estimation of the regeneration rate of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks on the shade side of said panel includes current / voltage measurements in the shade / in the dark.

9. A method for controlling panels according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the regeneration steps comprise at least one of the following operations: - one or more applications of voltage pulses across the terminals of the perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, - one or more short-circuiting of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks, and - one or more open-circuiting of said perovskite absorber photovoltaic stacks

10. A method for controlling panels according to claim 7, 8 or 9 wherein said sequence is repeated during the operation of said panels.

11. Photovoltaic system according to claim 5 or 6 comprising a processor associated with a program memory containing a program with instructions for implementing the method of any one of claims 7 to 10.

12. Non-transient, computer-readable recording medium on which the program of claim 11 is recorded.

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