System comprising vehicle glazing and a prism

Abstract

The invention relates to a glazing system comprising a vehicle window (100) including an optical device comprising a first prism (41) attached to the inner surface (12) of the window, the first entrance face (43) of the first prism (41) being arranged to receive a near-infrared LIDAR emission beam (70). According to the invention, the optical device includes a second prismatic optical device (42). The first and second prismatic optical devices (42) are adapted to increase the vertical angular aperture of the external field of view (FOV2) of the LIDAR beam external to the vehicle and to ensure that the angle of attack i' of the median direction of the LIDAR beam relative to the horizontal axis upstream of the first entrance face is negative. Figure for the abstract: Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: System comprising vehicle glazing and a prism

[0001] The present invention relates generally to the field of lidars placed behind inclined vehicle glazing.

[0002] Laser remote sensing (LIDAR or lidar), an acronym for the English expression "light detection and ranging" or "laser detection and ranging" (i.e., in French "détection et estimation de la distance par la lumière" or "par laser"), is being considered for road vehicles, particularly autonomous vehicles, to improve safety.

[0003] Recently, it has been proposed to place a lidar detection system behind the windshield of a road vehicle to protect the lidar from external conditions. However, this placement of the lidar behind a windshield, especially a sloping one, presents several difficulties. The lidar is generally installed in the upper part of the passenger compartment (upper area of ​​the windshield) so that the beams emitted and received by the lidar pass through the glazing in an area close to the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing.On the one hand, the lidar is quite bulky and must be positioned so as not to obstruct the driver's view. On the other hand, the lidar generates a near-infrared beam within a field of view that has a wide vertical and horizontal angle. Projecting this beam onto the glass requires reserving a specific area of ​​the glass for the transmission of this near-infrared beam (called the near-infrared transmission window). This reserved area should preferably be as small as possible, particularly in the vertical direction, to avoid obstructing vision through the glass.

[0004] In practice, the manufacturer of the LIDAR provides that the beam emitted by the lidar presents a given vertical field of view around a median direction of pointing.

[0005] A glazing system comprising a lidar directed towards the inner face of the inclined glazing of a road vehicle and a prism placed on the inner face of the glazing is known from document WO2023 / 274854, in order to increase the vertical opening of the lidar's field of view outside the vehicle. However, this system does not allow for easy adjustment of the lidar's pointing direction, which is limited by the prism. Furthermore, this system does not allow for a reduction in the lidar's size inside the passenger compartment.

[0006] One object of the invention is to provide a glazing system that both increases the vertical angular opening of the lidar's field of view outside the vehicle and reduces the lidar's bulk inside the vehicle.

[0007] In order to remedy the aforementioned drawback of the prior art, the present invention proposes a glazing system comprising vehicle glazing in particular road glazing, in particular windscreens, particularly curved, comprising: a first sheet of glass (particularly clear) intended to form the outer glazing with a first main external face (called face Fl) and a second main face (called face F2) oriented towards the passenger compartment, and, when the glazing is laminated (preferred embodiment), comprising a second sheet of glass intended to form the inner glazing with a third main face oriented (called face F3) towards the second main face and a fourth main face (called face F4) oriented towards the passenger compartment, and a laminate interlayer of polymer material (in particular polyvinyl butyral PVB or ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer EVA or thermoplastic polyurethane TPU) disposed between the second inner main face and the third main face, the glazing being intended to form a positive angle of inclination of less than 90 degrees,and even at most 60 or 50 degrees, particularly for a motor vehicle windshield, with a horizontal axis (X) in the vehicle, the angle of inclination from the glazing to the horizontal axis, especially glazing having an upper longitudinal edge and a lower longitudinal edge.

[0008] The glazing has a near-infrared transmission window (preferably peripheral) at a working wavelength LB1 in a near-infrared range, in particular a range from 800nm ​​to 1800nm, in particular from 850nm to 1600nm, in particular 905±30nm and / or 1550±30nm, the glazing being suitable for receiving an emission beam at said working wavelength from a lidar detection system intended to be disposed in the vehicle's passenger compartment, the emission beam having, in a reference plane which is a lateral section plane of the glazing (comprising said horizontal axis X), a median direction of pointing and extending over an internal field of view of determined internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 -inside the vehicle (upstream of the glazing), the reference plane comprising a normal to the glazing and a vertical axis (Z) in the vehicle normal to said horizontal axis),the emission beam exiting the glazing having an external field of view with external vertical angular aperture FOV2, ,

[0009] The system includes, in the near-infrared transmission window, an optical device attached to the glazing and transparent at the working wavelength, comprising a first optical device, which is a first prism, having a first entrance face arranged to receive the near-infrared emission beam and, in particular, a first exit face (fictitious if a single piece of two prisms), with a refractive index ni at the working wavelength and forming a first angle (al) with the vertical axis (Z) in the reference plane.

[0010] The optical device comprises a second prismatic optical device (in particular a second prism or multiprismatic element, preferably made of film or even a coating) which has a refractive index n2 at the working wavelength with ni greater than or equal to n2, with a second exit face (exterior or) oriented outwards from the glazing forming a second angle a2 with the vertical axis (Z) in the reference plane distinct from the first angle, and in particular with a first entrance face (fictitious if a single unit integrating the first and second prisms), a second prismatic optical device opposite and (at least) in optical contact with the first prism (or even forming a single unit integrating the first and second prisms), a second exterior exit face, in particular flush, flush with, or protruding from the first main face). The first prism may have another face (opposite the first entrance face) forming a first (non-functional) base.The second prism may have another face (opposite to the second exit face) forming a second (non-functional) base, or the prismatic element may have a plurality of prisms (microprisms), each with a second exit face and another face forming a second (non-functional, opposite the second exit face) base.

[0011] The first prism and the second prismatic optical device are arranged and configured to transmit the emitted beam by refraction from the first entrance face to the second exit face (successively through the first entrance face, the first exit face, including a connecting or dummy face, the glazing or a support or a means of connecting the inter-prisms, or the optical device being a single unit integrating the first and second prisms, the second entrance face, possibly a connecting or dummy face, and the second exit face) such that the external emitted beam (having a variable external pointing direction) presents an external field of view with a vertical angular aperture, referred to as the external field of view (FOV2), at the exit of the second exit face that is greater than the vertical angular aperture, referred to as the internal field of view (FOVL).

[0012] The first and second angles al, a2, preferably distinct from 0°, are such that the angle of attack i' of the median direction of beam pointing with respect to the horizontal axis upstream of the first input face is negative and at most - 0°, the angle of attack i' going from the horizontal axis to the median direction and that the angle of exit i of the median direction of beam pointing with respect to the horizontal axis at the exit of the second input face is 0°±5 , (the angle of exit going from the horizontal axis towards the median).

[0013] The second prismatic optical device in combination with the first prism allows a negative angle i' with an almost horizontal angle i while increasing the output FOV.

[0014] In the present text concerning a refractive index (at the working wavelength) or the (first, second) angles or the FOV, a numerical index or a standard numeral (neither or nor etc.) is used interchangeably; for degrees, deg. or the symbol ° are used interchangeably; the term film or sheet is used interchangeably. which refers to a self-supporting element (an interlayer sheet becomes an adhesive layer after lamination). The term layer includes a sheet or a coating.

[0015] In the present text, optical contact means a continuity of matter, without a gas layer or vacuum.

[0016] For simplicity, the first input face and the second output face are preferably planar (and even the first base and the second base opposite).

[0017] The first exit face and / or the second inlet face can be of geometric shape, in particular rectangular or trapezoidal.

[0018] The glazing can be monolithic and comprises a sheet of glass or polymer (PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), or polycarbonate (PC) or mineral. The glazing is preferably laminated.

[0019] Advantageously, the first and second angles (aia2) are such that the internal vertical angular opening FOV1 is at most equal to the minimum internal vertical angular opening FOVlmin +5° and even FOVlmin +2°.

[0020] The first and second angles (aia2) are in particular such that the difference between FOV2 and FOV1 is at least 5° and even at least 10°.

[0021] The first and second angles (“1«,) are in particular such that the negative angle of attack i' is at most - 0° +20° or even at most - 0° +10 or even - 0° +5°.

[0022] It is preferred that the first and / or second angle (al, a2) be at least - 0 degrees and preferably at most +60- 0 degrees.

[0023] It is preferred that the first angle be at most 15° or 10° or even 5° or negative and in particular at least -0 degrees. It is preferred that the second angle be at most 10° or even 5° or negative and in particular at least -0 degrees.

[0024] The refractive indices ni and / or n2 are preferably of at least 1.4 and at most 1.65, for more choice of materials.

[0025] The first prism has for example an optical refractive index of 1.20 to 1.8 preferably of at least 1.4 and at most 1.65 in particular 1.5+0.1. In particular it is a glass in particular extra clear or a plastic.

[0026] The second prismatic optical device (prism or multiprismatic) has for example an optical refractive index n2 of 1.20 to 1.8 preferably of at least 1.4 and at most 1.65 in particular 1.5+0.1. In particular it is a glass in particular extra clear or a plastic.

[0027] In particular the first prism and / or the second prismatic optical device is made of a material chosen from among extra-clear glass, PC, PMMA, polyacrylate.

[0028] The second optical device may be a second prism, the first and / or second prism comprising a part made of a material selected from PC, PMMA, preferably extra-clear glass, polyacrylate, and even a glass-adhesive material or polymer (“OCA”: silicone, acrylate). In particular, the first and second prisms form a monobloc made of material chosen from preferably extra-clear glass, PC, PMMA, polyacrylate, which is in a particularly peripheral area with a complete through hole in the glazing, particularly laminated.

[0029] In one example, the second output face, in particular planar, forms a second angle (a2) of equal 0° (±2° or even ±1°) with the vertical axis in the reference plane and the first input face forms a first angle (al) distinct from 0° with the vertical axis in the reference plane and nl>n2. And / or the first input face, in particular planar, forms a first angle (al) of equal 0° (±2° or even ±1°) with the vertical axis in the reference plane and the second output face, in particular planar, forms a second angle (a2) distinct from 0° with the vertical axis in the reference plane and nl-n2 less than 0.2.

[0030] The optical device is preferably peripheral, near the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing, in particular the windshield, especially in the central area and even the extended area of ​​an opaque masking layer.

[0031] The first entry face is preferably oriented towards the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing - the opposite face or first base (non-functional) is oriented towards the lower longitudinal edge of the glazing (and the lidar towards, or even onto, the upper longitudinal edge). And the second entry face is preferably oriented towards the lower longitudinal edge of the glazing - and the opposite face or second base (non-functional) is oriented towards the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing.

[0032] The second optical device can be a second prism (macroprism) preferably having a height of at least 5mm or preferably centimetric, the first and / or second prism is preferably of triangular section possibly truncated.

[0033] The first and second prisms (or second prismatic element) are in particular made of separate materials (two pieces). In particular, the first exit face and the second entrance face are joined by an adhesive (transparent at the working wavelength, and even forming a camouflage) or are joined, glued or in adhesive contact on either side of an intermediate element, in particular at least the first sheet of glazing or laminated glazing or a support, in particular multifunctional.

[0034] The first prism and the second prismatic optical device may be at least partially in a hole through the glazing, in particular forming a notch, preferably laminated glazing, and are linked to a support, in particular multifunctional, transparent at the working wavelength or linked by an adhesive transparent at the working wavelength.

[0035] The first prism has a face called the first base, for example a flat face, forming an edge with the first entrance face. For ease of supply, the first base preferably forms a third angle of 30° at 60° with the first exit face, and / or the second prism has a face called the second base, for example flat, forming an edge with the second entrance face. The second base forms a fourth angle preferably of 30 to 60° with the second entrance face.

[0036] Let hi be the height of the first prism along the Z-axis in the reference plane, li the length of the first prism along the X-axis in the reference plane, LB the height of the second prism along the Z-axis in the reference plane, and 12 the length of the second prism along the X-axis in the reference plane. Preferably, hl and / or h2 is greater than or equal to 5 mm, and even to 1 cm, and even to a maximum of 20 cm, 15 cm, or 10 cm. 11 may be less than LB.

[0037] In particular, the second prismatic optical device extends beyond the edge (in particular, the edge of the first exit face with the first base) of the first prism towards the lower longitudinal edge.

[0038] In simple terms, the first prism and / or the second prism, or the microprisms of the multiprism, have a triangular cross-section. The optical device can be truncated to facilitate its integration. A monoblock incorporating the first and second (triangular) prisms may include a central portion, in particular a straight section (with parallel lateral faces), used to fix the monoblock to an opening in a multi-function support or perforated glazing.

[0039] In particular, the section of the first and / or second prism is triangular and truncated (section with one, two or three bevels or chamfers, in the reference plane)

[0040] - in a non-functional part of the first input face or second face of exit - and / or in the first or second base - adjacent part of the first or second exit face-.

[0041] One may prefer an edge (a sharp angle) between the first or second input face and the first or second base rather than truncating the first or second input face (chamfering the edge, with a custom-chosen angle).

[0042] Instead of a second prism, for greater compactness, the second optical device may comprise (be) a multiprismatic element comprising a plurality of microprisms, preferably microprisms having a subcentimeter height, preferably less than 5mm or submillimeter in particular of at most 500pm or 200pm or 100pm, of at least 25pm.

[0043] Each microprism has a second inlet face, in particular a flat face, and a second outlet face, in particular a flat face, in particular forming an edge (preferably sharp, sharp angle or rounded) with the second inlet face, and each with said second angle (all identical for example).

[0044] The multiprismatic element is, for example, a partially textured polymer film or a substrate (glass, plastic), for example, of submillimeter thickness (transparent at the working wavelength) with a partially structured coating (organic resin etc) with said index n2, or the multiprismatic element is a (partially) structured coating directly on Fl or an external main face of a multifunctional support.

[0045] The multiprismatic element is, for example, a (partially textured) part formed by molding and fixed to the first main face of the glazing, for example, by an adhesive. The multiprismatic element (or the second prism) comprises, for example, a part molded in a clear optical adhesive (or OCA for "Optically clear adhesive" in Anglo-Saxon terminology).

[0046] In the case of a through hole in the glazing, the multiprismatic element or even the second prism, located in this area with the through hole, may be flush with the main external surface so as to form a continuous main external surface for the glazing or is recessed.

[0047] Preferably, the multiprismatic element is formed of a (partially) textured coating, in particular printed (by embossing or by inkjet printing, by 3D printing for example) using a resin, on the first face Fl or on a mineral substrate, in particular glass or polymer, in particular which may be polyester, including PET, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC) bonded to the face Fl.

[0048] The first prism as well as the second prismatic optical device (second prism, multiprismatic element) may have an anti-reflective coating at the working wavelength respectively on the first input face and on the second output face.

[0049] According to a particular aspect, all the microprisms of the multi-prismatic element form the same second angle a2 with respect to the vertical axis Z.

[0050] All or part of the edges of the first prism and / or the second prismatic optical device (prism, microprisms) are sharp-angled. Alternatively, all or part of the edges of the first prism and / or the second prismatic optical device (prism, microprisms) are rounded. Alternatively, all or part of the edges of the first prism and / or the second prismatic optical device (prism, microprisms) are chamfered.

[0051] The multiprismatic element is, in particular, unidirectional or bidirectional. It can be structured in a single direction, the series of prisms (unidirectional), having edges parallel to each other, notably along an axis of at most 10 or 5 degrees or 2 degrees with the longitudinal axis. It can be structured along at least two directions. The series of prisms (two-dimensional) has two-dimensional geometric shapes (polyhedra or pyramids). For example, the series of prisms forms protruding or indented pyramids arranged according to a two-dimensional lattice.

[0052] In one embodiment, the first exit face and the second entrance face are fictitious, the first prism and the second prismatic optical device which is a second prism form a monobloc (with refractive index ni) in an area of ​​the (peripheral) glazing preferably laminated having a complete through hole, partially in the complete through hole (in particular forming a notch), possibly protruding from the first face and / or the inner face of the glazing in particular face F4 if laminated glazing.

[0053] The lidar detection system is spaced from the first entry face by a maximum of 15cm, 8cm, or 5cm. In particular, the lidar detection system is fixed to the glazing and / or to a body and / or to a support, including multi-functional ones, or to a housing or cover (individual or shared with other sensors, or with one or more other cameras, for example).

[0054] The first prism may be on a main face of the glazing (face F2 or face F4), particularly laminated glazing, or the first prism (and even the second prismatic optical device) may be in a through-hole (complete) in the glazing, particularly forming a notch. The notch may be dedicated, individual (for this lidar window), or a (larger) common notch housing a support, particularly a multi-functional one (multi-transmission windows, multi-sensors, etc.).

[0055] The support (transparent or opaque in the visible and / or at the working wavelength LB1) in particular multifunctional can be fixed to the glazing (to face F4 or F2), for example by means of an adhesive, for example polyurethane.

[0056] The support, in particular multifunctional, includes one or more transmission windows in the visible, in the far infrared from 5pm to 20pm and even 8pm to 15pm, or even the mid-infrared or another window in the near infrared, transmission window(s) in particular adjacent to the near infrared transmission window for the lidar (in an upper and even central part of the glazing, of the windshield, in particular in a spare part of the peripheral masking layer framing the glazing) and / or carries one or more functional elements such as sensors (rain detector etc).

[0057] The (multifunctional) support can be, in particular, a plastic, especially an opaque one, particularly for color continuity with the peripheral masking layer framing the glazing (limiting the color difference). It is opaque throughout, filled with dyes, particularly black (filled with carbon, etc.), or the support can be transparent and have an opaque (black) layer with masking for transmission window(s).

[0058] The (multifunctional) support is, for example, made of plastic (obtained by opaque, black injection molding) such as polyamide 66 (PA66), or PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), or ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), or AS A (acrylonitrile styrene acrylate), or ABS / PC (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene / polycarbonate). It is preferably at least 1 mm thick and, for example, less than or equal to the thickness of the glazing, particularly when it is in the through-hole (especially the notch) of the laminated glazing. For example, it is a plastic of no more than 3 mm and / or at least 2 mm.

[0059] The (multifunctional) support can be glass (simple or even laminated) or transparent plastic at the working wavelength.

[0060] The (multi-function) support may include means for retaining (clips etc.) the LIDAR and / or sensors, cameras etc.

[0061] The near-infrared transmission window and / or any other transmission window of the medium may be a through opening (laterally) or closed.

[0062] The first exit face may be flat or curved, following the curvature of the glazing (curved, convex) or of a support (on face F4, or on face F2 in a partial hole of the laminated glazing or in a through hole of the laminated glazing). The first exit face may optionally be bonded to the main inner face of the first glass sheet (if single glazing) or of the second glass sheet if laminated glazing. The first exit face (forming the bonding face) may be bonded (to face F4, face F2, inner face of a support) with an adhesive layer (additional adhesive, film or coating, or interlayer) having a refractive index that differs by no more than 0.1 (in absolute value) from that of the first prism.

[0063] The first (and second) exit face can be of any shape, especially geometric, preferably rectangular or trapezoidal.

[0064] The second entrance face can be flat or curved, following the curvature of the glazing and on the outer face FL. The first exit face (forming the bonding face) can be glued (to the face Fl, outer face of a support) with an adhesive layer (additional glue, -film or coating- or intercalary layer) with a refractive index different by at most 0.1 (in absolute value) from that of the second prism.

[0065] The second exit face can be bare or protected by a protective and / or camouflage coating (transparent to LB1).

[0066] According to a particular embodiment, the glazing is laminated glazing comprising the first sheet of glass intended to form the outer glazing with the first external main face (called face Fl) and a second internal main face (called face F2) oriented towards the passenger compartment, a second sheet of glass intended to form the inner glazing with a third external main face (called face F3) oriented towards the second internal main face and a fourth internal main face (called face F4) oriented towards the passenger compartment, a polymer laminate interlayer disposed between the second internal main face and the third main face.

[0067] In a first configuration, the first exit face is bonded to the fourth main face by a local adhesive or is in adhesive contact with the fourth face main and / or second entrance face is connected to the first main face by a local glue or is in adhesive contact with the first main face (the local glue has a difference in refractive index of less than 0.1 with ni, respectively with n2).

[0068] In a second configuration, the lamination interlayer having an external principal face bonded to the second internal principal face and an internal principal face bonded to the third external principal face, the laminated glazing has a through hole in the thickness of the second sheet of glass, the glazing having a part (with parallel faces) disposed in the through hole, the part being made of a material, in particular mineral and even extra-clear glass, transparent at the working wavelength, the part having a main bonding surface (bonded by a layer of adhesive to the second internal principal face or to the internal principal face of the lamination interlayer), the part having an internal principal surface opposite the main bonding surface, the first exit face being bonded to the internal principal surface by a local adhesive or being in adhesive contact with the internal principal surface,(the second entrance face (46) is bonded to the first main face by a local adhesive or is in adhesive contact with the first main face, (the local adhesive has a difference in refractive index of less than 0.1 with ni, respectively with n2). ,

[0069] In a third configuration, the laminated glazing has a through hole in the thickness of the glazing (of the second sheet of glass and the lamination interlayer, of the second sheet), in particular forming a notch, the first prism and the second prismatic optical device are in the area of ​​said through hole, in particular linked to a support in particular multifunctional in said through hole, for example are on either side of the transparent support at the working wavelength or are at least partially in an orifice of the support linked together by an adhesive or forming a monobloc.

[0070] The glazing system may include a support, in particular transparent at the working wavelength, in particular extra-clear glass or polymer, comprising the near-infrared transmission window, possibly through an orifice, support possibly carrying the optical device, and comprising at least one other transmission window in the visible and / or in the infrared in particular mid- and / or far-infrared, support on the inner face of the glazing or in a through-hole area of ​​the glazing.

[0071] The second optical device, in particular a multiprismatic element, may be flush or sub-flush with the first main face.

[0072] The laminated glazing may have a through hole in the thickness of the second glass sheet and the lamination interlayer, and in which the first face the exit face is in adhesive contact with the internal main face of the lamination interlayer and in particular the second entry face is bonded to the first main face by a local adhesive or is in adhesive contact with the first main face.

[0073] According to another particular and interesting aspect, the glazing system comprises a peripheral masking layer (black enamel, black ink) bonded to, preferably on, the second main surface. The near-infrared transmission window is located in an opening (called a cutout) in the masking layer (an opening created by a through hole or by the layer's design). The cutout may be in a particularly central area of ​​the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing (windshield), whether through or not (towards the center of the glazing, windshield). The peripheral masking layer may be a mineral coating such as enamel, black on the second surface, or ink (black) on an interlayer, in particular PVB.And / or another masking layer is on a main surface of a substrate, particularly a multi-functional one, especially in a through (or even partial) hole in the laminated glass, and the substrate includes the near-infrared transmission window, possibly in an opening in the other masking layer and even in the substrate itself. The opening may be in a central area of ​​the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing (windshield), whether it is through or not (towards the center of the glazing, windshield).

[0074] Advantageously, in the near-infrared transmission window, the glazing comprises a functional layer which is a camouflage layer, in particular disposed within the opening or spared from a masking layer, in particular an adhesive camouflage layer, in particular:

[0075] - linking the first exit face to the main inner surface of the glazing or to the main face of a support, particularly a multi-functional one, in a hole passing through the glazing, particularly laminated glass

[0076] - and / or linking the second entrance face to the first main face of the glazing or to the main external face of a support in a through hole of laminated glass

[0077] - or linking the first exit face and the second entry face (in an area of hole through the glazing, especially laminated glazing).

[0078] The first entry face can be at least partially protruding from the inner surface of the glazing, preferably laminated (therefore from face F4, whether perforated or not) and even from the possible support (multifunctional) on face F4 or face F2 (if total hole).

[0079] Preferably, in the near-infrared transmission window, the glazing comprises a functional layer which is preferably a camouflage layer (or a heating layer), in particular disposed in the opening of a (peripheral) masking layer, for example downstream of the first prism (more towards the outside) and even upstream of the second prismatic optical device (second prism or multiprismatic element).

[0080] In particular the camouflage layer is adhesive (for example in cross-linked material), linking the first or second exit face to one of the main faces of the glazing or of a support in particular multifunctional in a hole through the laminated glazing or even of a part in a hole through the second sheet of the laminated glazing, the part being able to carry or form said first prism.

[0081] In the near-infrared transmission window, the glazing may include a functional layer, in particular a heating or hydrophobic layer, downstream of the first prism and even upstream of the second prismatic optical device (second prism or multiprismatic element).

[0082] Advantageously, the glazing system includes a lidar infrared detection system at said working wavelength, the infrared detection system comprising a light source and a detection device, the light source being capable of generating the near-infrared emission beam, the detection device being capable of detecting reflected radiation in at least a part of the external field of view, and in particular wherein the external vertical angular opening FOV2 is greater than the internal vertical angular opening FOV1 by at least 5 degrees and even by at least 10 degrees, the internal vertical angular opening FOV1 is preferably less than 30 degrees or less than or equal to 20 degrees.

[0083] There are different types of lidar depending on the angular aperture, spatial extent and / or scanning of the emission beam. The lidar emission beam can be emitted along a unidirectional optical axis that is scanned in two dimensions, or the emission beam extends along a sheet that is scanned in a transverse direction, or the emission beam is flash and illuminates a volume of space without beam scanning.

[0084] The lidar emission beam can scan a rectangular area.

[0085] The lidar infrared detection system can be placed in a housing, for example made of plastic or metal. This housing can form a cover for the Lidar and more broadly for a set of elements (sensor components, camera(s) in this area) and thus cover areas of camera(s), sensor(s).

[0086] The housing is fixed to the main inner face of the glazing, in particular the fourth face, or to a support, in particular a multi-function support (or plate), fixed to the glazing, in particular to the fourth main face. Advantageously, the housing is removable. The housing is fixed, for example by clipping, to said support or to the innermost main face of the glazing and / or to a component of the vehicle (the interior trim of the vehicle's passenger compartment and / or to the bodywork), for example, the roof of the vehicle. By example (in its upper part), the housing is fixed to the inner face of the glazing (face F4 for laminated glazing) through the bodywork which is drilled for this purpose.

[0087] The glazing may include (in particular by omitting the masking layer) one or more additional transmission windows in the near-infrared, in the visible spectrum (for example, to allow the use of a sensor operating in the visible spectrum, in which case no additional masking layer is added in the visible spectrum), and / or in the far-infrared spectrum (for example, to allow the use of a thermal camera or other far-infrared sensor). Preferably, these transmission windows are adjacent (in the central area and near the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing, in particular the windshield).

[0088] The glazing may optionally include one or more other transmission windows. In descending order of size, these may include: the Lidar transmission window, the window for a visible camera, the window for a thermal camera, and the window for a rain sensor.

[0089] The transmission window can be multispectral, in particular in the near-infrared and in the visible (for example to allow the use of a sensor operating in the visible and in this case, no camouflage layer is added in the visible) and / or in the far-infrared at a higher wavelength than the working wavelength of the lidar.

[0090] Of course, the different features, variants and embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other in various ways insofar as they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive.

[0091] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be implemented. The invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Therefore, it should be understood that when the features mentioned in the claims are followed by reference numerals, these numerals are included solely for the purpose of improving the intelligibility of the claims and do not in any way limit the scope of the claims.

[0092] On the attached drawings:

[0093] [Fig-1] schematically represents, in cross-sectional view, in a reference plane, a vehicle glazing with an optical device according to the invention with an infrared lidar detection system;

[0094] [Fig.l'] schematically represents, in partial front view, a vehicle glazing according to the present disclosure, with its near-infrared transmission window; and with an optical device according to the invention;

[0095] [Fig.2] shows curves illustrating the size of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam on the glazing as a function of the angle of the lidar emission beam incident on the glazing, respectively for a given angle of inclination of the glazing of 23 degrees (solid line curve) and 30 degrees (dashed line curve) relative to the horizontal;

[0096] [Fig.3] shows curves illustrating the size of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam pointing horizontally on the glazing as a function of the internal vertical angular opening of the field of view of the lidar emission beam incident on the glazing, respectively for an angle of inclination of the glazing of 23 degrees (dashed curve) and 30 degrees (solid curve) with respect to the horizontal;

[0097] [Fig.4] schematically represents, in cross-sectional view in the reference plane, a system comprising an optical device according to a first example of embodiment;

[0098] [Fig.5] shows curves illustrating the variations in the direction angle of the point internal of the emission beam as a function of the first angle al of the first entrance face of the first prism with respect to a vertical axis in the reference plane for a system such as illustrated in [Fig.4], respectively for an exit angle I of external pointing direction of the emission beam of -15 degrees, 0 degrees and +15 degrees respectively with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane;

[0099] [Fig.6] shows curves illustrating the maximum internal vertical angular opening of the lidar emission beam as a function of the angle al of the first entrance face with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system as illustrated in [Fig.4], respectively for different optical refractive indices n2 of the second prismatic optical device between 1.20 and 1.52;

[0100] [Fig.7] schematically represents, in cross-sectional view in the reference plane, a system comprising an optical device according to a second embodiment;

[0101] [Fig.8] shows curves illustrating the variations in the direction angle of pointing internal of the emission beam as a function of the first angle a of the first entrance face with respect to a vertical axis in the reference plane for a system as illustrated in [Fig.7], respectively for an external pointing direction angle of the emission beam of -15 degrees, 0 degrees and +15 degrees respectively with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane;

[0102] [Fig.9] shows curves illustrating the maximum internal vertical angular opening of the lidar emission beam as a function of the first angle a of the first entrance face with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system as illustrated in [Fig.7], respectively for different optical refractive indices n2 of the second prismatic optical device between 1.20 and 1.52;

[0103] [Fig. 10] schematically represents in cross-sectional view in the reference plane, a system comprising a first prismatic optical device and a second prismatic optical device according to a third embodiment, in which the first and second angles are not harmed and distinct;

[0104] [Fig. 11] shows curves illustrating the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the lidar emission beam as a function of the second angle a2 of the second output face relative to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system as illustrated in [Fig.10], respectively for different first angles ai of the first input face ranging from -15 degrees to +15 degrees;

[0105] [Fig. 12] shows curves illustrating the angle, with respect to a horizontal axis, of the median direction of the lidar emission beam pointed at the first entrance face as a function of the second angle a2 of the second entrance face with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system as illustrated in [Fig.10], respectively for different first angles ai of the first entrance face ranging from -15 degrees to +15 degrees;

[0106] [Fig. 13] shows points illustrating the second minimum angle a2 of the second output face as a function of the first angle ai of the first input face so that the median direction of the lidar emission beam points downwards (negative angle of attack i'), relative to a horizontal axis, on the first input face for a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10];

[0107] [Fig. 14] shows points corresponding to the extreme radii of the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the lidar emission beam as a function of the first angle ai of the first entrance face so that the median direction of the pointer points horizontally at the output (exit angle i zero), in a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10]

[0108] [Fig. 15] shows points illustrating the second minimum and maximum angles a2 of the second input face with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10] as a function of the first angle ai of the first input face allowing the internal vertical angular opening FOV1 to be reduced and the median direction to be oriented downwards (i' negative);

[0109] [Fig. 16] shows points corresponding to the extreme radii of the external vertical angular opening FOV2 for a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10] as a function of the first angle ai of the first entrance face for a given vertical angular opening FOV 1 and allowing the median direction to be oriented downwards;

[0110] [Fig. 17] shows regions illustrating the second angles a2 of the second entrance face with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10] as a function of the first angle ai of the first entrance face allowing the internal vertical angular opening FOV1 to be reduced and the median direction to be oriented downwards (i' negative), this for three angles of inclination 20, 30, 40 degrees and for ni and n2 being at 1.52;

[0111] [Fig. 18] shows regions illustrating the second angles a2 of the second entrance face with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10] as a function of the first angle ai of the first entrance face allowing the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 to be reduced and the median direction to be oriented downwards (i' negative), this for four refractive indices n2 with an angle of inclination of 30 degrees and for ni being at 1.52;

[0112] [Fig. 19] schematically represents in cross-sectional view in the reference plane, a system comprising a first prismatic optical device which is a prism and a prismatic film comprising a plurality of microprisms according to a fourth embodiment;

[0113] [Fig.20] schematically represents, in lateral section view, a laminated glazing of vehicle with an optical device (first prism on the fourth internal main face F4, second prism on the first external main face of the glazing or face Fl) and a lidar according to a first laminated embodiment in which the emitter and receiver of the lidar are arranged vertically in the passenger compartment;

[0114] [Fig.21] shows in lateral sectional view a glazing system which is a variant of that of [Fig. 19], in which the lidar transmitter and receiver are arranged side by side in the passenger compartment;

[0115] [Fig.22] schematically represents a lateral sectional view in the plane of reference, a system comprising a laminated vehicle glazing and a lidar according to a second laminated embodiment in which the inner glass sheet has a through hole and in which the first prism is partially inserted into the through hole and bonded to the inner principal face of the lamination interlayer;

[0116] [Fig.23] shows in lateral sectional view a glazing which is a variant of that of [Fig.22], in which the first prism is partially inserted into the through hole and linked to a thinned part of the lamination interlayer;

[0117] [Fig.24] shows in lateral sectional view a glazing which is another variant of that of [Fig.22], in which the first prism is partially arranged in the through hole extended by the complete hole of the lamination interlayer;

[0118] [Fig.25] shows in lateral sectional view a glazing which is a variant of that of [Fig.22], in which the first prism is partially arranged in the through hole extended by the complete hole of the lamination interlayer;

[0119] [Fig.26] shows in lateral sectional view a glazing system which is another variant of [Fig.22]; in which the first prism is partially disposed in the through hole extended by the full hole of the lamination interlayer and is in direct adhesive contact with the second face 12;

[0120] [Fig.27] schematically represents a vehicle window in a side section view according to a third embodiment in which the first prism is disposed in an opening of a multi-function support on an edge of the fourth main face;

[0121] [Fig.28] schematically represents a front view of the glazing of [Fig.26];

[0122] [Fig.29] schematically represents a vehicle window in a side section view according to a fourth embodiment in which the first prism is partially disposed in a partial notch on an edge of the second main face;

[0123] [Fig.30] schematically represents a vehicle window in a side section view according to a fifth embodiment in which the optical device is arranged in a through notch on an edge of the glazing;

[0124] [Fig.31] shows a front view of the glazing of [Fig.30]

[0125] [Fig.32] schematically represents a vehicle window in a side section view according to a sixth embodiment in which the optical device is arranged in a through notch on an edge of the glazing;

[0126] [Fig.33] shows front view of the glazing of [Fig.32].

[0127] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a vehicle glazing unit (preferably a road vehicle windshield) in a reference plane, for example, laminated glazing with a first principal face 11, designated Fl, the outermost face, and an inner principal face 12, designated F2, here single glazing. For clarity, the vehicle is assumed to be on a horizontal surface. The reference plane is the lateral (or transverse) cutting plane, thus taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. An orthonormal coordinate system XYZ is shown, in which the Z-axis is vertical, the X and Y axes are horizontal, and the X-axis lies in the reference plane. The reference plane includes a normal to the glazing and a vertical axis Z within the vehicle. The positive direction of the angles used in this disclosure, which is the trigonometric direction, is also shown in Figure 1.

[0128] The vehicle on which the glazing 1000 is installed or intended is, for example, a road vehicle (car, truck, public transport: bus, coach) or a railway vehicle (in particular with a maximum speed of 90 km / h or 70 km / h, especially subways and trams). Glazing 1000 finds applications particularly in windshields, rear windows, or even side windows. For clarity, flat glazing is shown in Figures 1, 4, 7, 10, and 19. However, the glazing may have at least one radius of curvature so as to be curved. The thickness of glazing 1000 is denoted by E. The thickness E is generally less than or equal to 1 cm, for example, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, or 6 mm, preferably at most 5 mm.

[0129] In all figures, the glazing 1000 to 1004, 100, 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600 is installed or intended to be installed on the vehicle at an angle The angle of inclination, denoted 0, is defined by a horizontal axis in the reference plane. The angle of inclination 0 is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, and at most 60 degrees. It is generally between 15° and 20° and preferably between 20° and 50°, for example, 23° or 30° for a motor vehicle windshield, and between 75° and 90° for road transport vehicles. As mentioned above, the angle of inclination 0 has a sign, which in this case is positive.

[0130] In all the figures, the glazing 1000 to 1004, 100, 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600 has an upper longitudinal edge 10 and a lower longitudinal edge 10'. The reference plane preferably passes through the midpoint M of the upper longitudinal edge 10 and the midpoint of the lower longitudinal edge 10'. An infrared lidar detection system 7 is placed inside the vehicle's passenger compartment, behind the glazing 1000 to 1004, 100, 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600, spaced from the first entrance face of a detailed optical device 41, 42. The median direction of the lidar emission beam pointing out of the glazing is oriented so that it is approximately parallel to the ground, i.e. horizontal.

[0131] According to this disclosure, the glazing 1000 to 1004, 100, 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600 comprises a first prismatic optical device 41 which is a first prism linked to the inner surface of the glazing 12 or 14 and a second prismatic optical device comprising a second prism 42 or a multiprismatic element 42' for example linked to the first external principal face 11 of the glazing 100.

[0132] In [Fig. 1], the first prism 41 has a first flat entrance face 43, a first exit face 45 connected to the inner surface 12 of the glazing 1000, and another face, referred to as the first base 47, which is non-functional. The first entrance face 43 forms a first edge with the first exit face 45. The first entrance face 43 is arranged to receive the near-infrared emission beam 70. The second prism 42 has a first entrance face 46 connected to the first external main face 11 of the glazing, a second flat exit face 44, and another face, referred to as the second base 48, which is non-functional. The second exit face 44 forms a second edge with the second entrance face 46.

[0133] The first prism 41, respectively the second prism 42, is linked to the glazing 1000 via its first exit face 45, respectively the second entrance face 46. For this purpose, an adhesive 6 is used for example.

[0134] The second prism 42 is arranged opposite the first prism 41, so as to transmit the near-infrared emission beam 70 by successive refractions through the first entrance face 43, the first exit face 45, the glazing 1000, the second entrance face 46 and the second exit face 44.

[0135] In [Fig. 1], the lidar 7 is shown with a median direction pointed at 30 inclined at an angle, denoted i', with respect to the horizontal and with the angular opening vertical F0V1. The first prism 41 and the second prism 42 are arranged and configured so as to receive the emission beam 70 and so as to angularly deviate the median direction of point 35 of the emission beam exiting the first external main face 11. The median direction of point 35 of the lidar beam emerging from the second prismatic optical device is horizontal.

[0136] As is known, the infrared lidar detection system 7 comprises a light source 71 and a detection device 72. The light source 71 is arranged and configured to generate a near-infrared emission beam 70. The emission beam 70 is emitted at a working wavelength, LB1, within a spectral range from 800 nm to 1800 nm, in particular from 850 nm to 1600 nm, notably 905 ± 30 nm and / or 1550 ± 30 nm. The detection device 72 is arranged next to the light source 71 and configured to detect reflected radiation in at least a portion of the lidar's field of view outside the vehicle. Depending on the type of lidar used, the emission beam 70 is emitted in a direction which is swept in two transverse dimensions or the emission beam 70 extends along a sheet which is swept in a single direction transverse to the sheet or the emission beam 70 is flash and does not use scanning.With or without scanning, the emission beam 70 has a determined vertical angular aperture and a determined horizontal aperture.

[0137] The lidar infrared detection system 7 is placed behind and is spaced from the glazing 1000 to 1004, 100, 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600 forming the windscreen of a motor vehicle, facing an area, here called the near infrared transmission window 111, which is preferably located in the central and upper part of the windscreen (alternatively the lower part, especially the central part, in the corners etc). Figures 4, 7, 10, 19 show examples of windscreen window 111 in four embodiments of the optical device as well as the arrangement and orientation of the lidar infrared detection system 7. The window 111 is transparent to the emission beam of the lidar infrared detection system 7. In this area, the lidar infrared detection system is oriented with a certain angle of incidence with respect to the surface of the windscreen, in particular the main inner face 14 of the laminated or single glazing.In particular, the light source 71 is oriented so that its median direction of incidence forms a negative angle of attack i' with respect to a direction parallel to the ground, i.e., approaching the glazing 100. In other words, the LIDAR light source 71 can be oriented downwards at a negative angle of attack i' with a field of view suitable for fulfilling its functions. The detection device 72 is generally oriented parallel to the light source 71.

[0138] The window 111 can be multispectral, in particular in the infrared at a lower wavelength than the working wavelength of the lidar and / or in the visible (for example to allow the use of a sensor operating in the visible and in this case, no camouflage layer 110 is added in the visible) and / or in the infrared at a higher wavelength than the working wavelength of the lidar (for example to allow the use of a thermal camera or other infrared sensor).

[0139] In certain particular embodiments, the glazing is a glazing comprising a single sheet of glass (see for example glazing 1000, 1001, 102, 103, 1004 figures 1, 4, 7, 10, 19). In this case, the glazing has a first external main face 11 oriented towards the outside of the vehicle and an internal main face 12 oriented towards the interior of the vehicle.

[0140] In other specific embodiments, the glazing is laminated glazing comprising (see figures 20 to 33):

[0141] - a first sheet of glass (clear, extra-clear) 1 intended to form the glazing exterior with a first main external face 11 and a second main internal face 12 oriented towards the passenger compartment; for a motor vehicle, the first sheet of glass 1 preferably has a thickness of at most 4 mm, and even of at most 3 mm or 2.5 mm, in particular 2.1 mm, 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm and preferably of at least 0.7 mm or 1 mm;

[0142] - a laminate interlayer 3 made of polymer material having a main face 38 oriented towards the second internal main face 12 and a main face 39 opposite the main face 38; the laminate interlayer 3 is single- or multi-layered, optionally neutral, clear, extra-clear or tinted, particularly grey or green, made of polymer material, preferably thermoplastic and even better polyvinyl butyral (PVB), preferably for a road vehicle with a thickness of at most 1.8 mm, better at most 1.2 mm and even at most 0.9 mm (and better at least 0.3 mm and even at least 0.6 mm), the laminate interlayer 3 is optionally acoustic and / or optionally has a cross-section decreasing in a wedge shape from the top to the bottom of the laminated glazing (in particular a windshield) for a head-up display (HUD); and

[0143] - a second sheet of glass 2 intended to form the inner glazing with a third main face 13 oriented towards the second internal main face 12 of the first sheet of glass 1 and a fourth main face 14 oriented towards the passenger compartment.

[0144] In the case of laminated glazing, the first external principal face of the first sheet of glass 1 forms the first external principal face 11 of the glazing and the fourth principal face of the second sheet of glass 2 forms the internal principal face 14 of the glazing.

[0145] For a road vehicle, the second sheet of glass 2 is preferably thinner than the first sheet of glass 1, even by no more than 3mm or 2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - or even by no more than 1.3mm, and preferably by at least 0.7mm, the sum of the thicknesses of the first sheet of glass and the second sheet of glass preferably being strictly less than 5 or 4mm, even 3.7mm.

[0146] The first glass sheet 1, in particular based on silica, soda-lime, silica-soda-lime, aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2O3) by weight of not more than 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably not more than 0.03% (300 ppm) and not more than 0.015% (150 ppm), and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox potential of the first glass sheet is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, and in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. In particular, an OPTWHITE glass of 1.95 mm thickness is chosen.

[0147] Advantageously, at least in the near-infrared transmission window, the glass sheet or sheets are made of glass transparent in the near infrared, as for example described in patent documents WO2018015312 and / or WO2018178278.

[0148] In particular, in embodiments without a hole in the first or second sheet of glass, the first sheet of glass 1 is made of clear or extra-clear glass and the second sheet is also made of clear or extra-clear glass or plastic.

[0149] In the case with a through hole, the second perforated glass sheet 2 is optionally tinted. The second glass sheet 2, in particular based on silica, soda-lime, preferably silica soda-lime, or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, may optionally have a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2O3) by weight of at least 0.4% and preferably not more than 1.5%. The second glass sheet 2 is, for example, based on a glass manufactured by the Applicant called TSAnx (0.5 to 0.6% iron), TSA2+, TSA3+ (0.8 to 0.9% iron), TSA4+ (1% iron), TSA5+, for example, green. A TSA3+ glass 1.6 mm thick is chosen, for example.

[0150] The windshield of a road vehicle, in particular, is either flat (transport vehicle glazing) or curved (motor vehicle, in particular). In a conventional and well-known manner, the windshield is obtained by hot lamination of the first and second sheets of glass 1, 2 and the lamination interlayer 3. For example, a clear PVB of 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm is chosen.

[0151] Figure 1 schematically represents, in a partial front view, a laminated (or single) vehicle window according to the present disclosure, with its near-infrared transmission window 111 and with an optical device according to the invention (first prism and second prismatic optical device: second prism or multiprismatic element). It is a partial view of the upper and central part of a laminated window. on the inner face of the second sheet of glass 2 which is face F4 14. Here we see the first prism 41 of rectangular shape.

[0152] The laminated glazing 1,2,3 advantageously comprises a masking layer 5 forms a peripheral frame, with an enlarged central zone 50, positioned between the first glass pane 1 and the lamination interlayer 3. The masking layer 5 is opaque to visible and near-infrared radiation, for example, black, such as an enamel coating or lacquer. The masking layer 5 is particularly suitable for masking the lidar located outside the window. The masking layer 5 has a recess of appropriate dimensions. This recess (not visible) allows the lidar's emitted beam to pass outwards and the reflected beam towards the detection device. The recess in the masking layer may, for example, be rectangular (or trapezoidal, etc.) with two long horizontal sides and two short vertical sides.

[0153] The glazing system here comprises a support 80, which may be multifunctional, for example, a rectangular opaque or opacified plastic sheet with long horizontal edges 801, 802 and two short vertical edges 803, 804, attached to the fourth main face 14 and, for example, perforated or with a cutout in the near-infrared transmission window 111. The first prism is, for example, triangular in cross-section, which may have a first rectangular exit face within the opening or cutout 81 of the rectangular support 80 with long horizontal and vertical sides. The location of the edge 40 delimiting the first entrance face 43 and the base 47 of the prism depends on the angles of the prism.

[0154] The support 80 may optionally include one or more other transmission windows:

[0155] -in the visible (via an opening or a spare part if necessary), dedicated for one or several other devices, sensors, visible camera

[0156] - and / or a far-infrared transmission window (preferably via an orifice) with a dedicated insert (like a crystal), dedicated for a far-infrared sensor, a thermal camera

[0157] — and / or an (other) near-infrared or medium-infrared transmission window (, dedicated for a near-infrared or mid-infrared sensor.

[0158] The support can carry one or more rain sensors, humidity sensors, a rearview mirror.

[0159] The visible and / or far-infrared transmission windows (and / or the sensors, cameras, etc.) are, for example, arranged (around the periphery of support 80) around the first prism 4L. In descending order of size, we can have: 1a Lidar transmission window, 1a for the visible camera, 1a for the thermal camera, 1a for the rain sensor.

[0160] In all embodiments, the lidar is spaced away from the entrance face. A functional coating may be applied to the entrance face and / or the exit face if it is free. The coating forms, for example, an anti-reflective layer in the IR or an anti-reflective protection. scratches. Patent document WO2022 / 200735 describes, for example, such an anti-reflective coating in the IR.

[0161] In all embodiments, optionally, the glazing further comprises, in the transmission window 111, a functional heating layer transparent in the IR. Patent document WO2022 / 208025 describes, for example, a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, transparent in the IR, which allows for localized heating of the glazing. Patent document WO2022 / 219273 describes, for example, a camouflage layer disposed between the face F2 of a glazing and the front face of a part. Patent document WO2023 / 118710 describes, for example, an adhesive camouflage layer.

[0162] In all embodiments, the first prism 41 (and / or the second prismatic optical device: second prism 42 or multiprismatic element 42') may, for example, be made of a mineral material (in particular glass or glass-ceramic) transparent at least at the operating wavelength LB1 of the lidar. Patent document WO2022 / 175634 describes, for example, a suitable material for such a mineral component. Alternatively, the prism (and / or the second prismatic optical device: second prism 42 or multiprismatic element 42') is made of a polymer transparent at least at the operating wavelength LB1 of the lidar, for example PC or PMMA. Patent document WO2022 / 175635 describes, for example, another example of a polymer material. The prism is, for example, obtained by molding or machining.

[0163] In certain embodiments or variants, particularly the second and fourth embodiments shown here, to transmit the LIDAR beam, the second glass sheet 2 is perforated (by a through hole 4 in this sheet 2, in particular forming a partial notch in the glazing) and preferably a piece (insert) is disposed in the through hole and preferably protruding from the fourth principal face, connected to the second internal principal face 12 or to the edge of the glazing and forms the first prism 41

[0164] In particular, as an alternative to the second embodiment, the first prism 41 is linked (by gluing or direct adhesive contact to this part (on its main face oriented towards the passenger compartment), a part with parallel faces.

[0165] Alternatively or complementaryly, in certain embodiments or variants of the second embodiment, the lamination interlayer has a partial or through hole in the transmission window 111, the interlayer hole being aligned with the through hole 4 of the second glass sheet (see Figures 23 to 26). The first prism 41 is partially contained within this partial or through hole of the interlayer, bonded to the second internal main face 12. The second prism 42 (or multiprismatic element in variants) is bonded to the first face Fl 11 by an adhesive 6.

[0166] The first prism 41 is for example glued by PVB without plasticizer (thin PVB 31 (as in [Fig.23]), thermoplastic ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), by crosslinked adhesive layer including crosslinked EVA, polyacrylate (PSA film or coating).

[0167] The glazing according to the invention has a near-infrared transmission window of the lidar, in particular between 800 nanometers (nm) and 1550 nm.

[0168] As illustrated in figures 24 to 26, the glazing 201, 202, 203 is arranged so as to receive the near-infrared emission beam 70 from the lidar 7 in the transmission window 111 in particular in a sparing of the usual masking layer 5 and even of the usual solar control layer 15 (silver layer stacking) within the glazing (on the second internal main face 12 or the third internal main face 13 or on a carrier film).

[0169] In [Fig. 1], the infrared detection system 7 is shown in a position and orientation. The lidar 7 is shown with a median direction pointed 30 slightly inclined downwards at an angle, denoted 0, with respect to the horizontal and the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1. The vertical angular aperture of the emission beam 70 extends between the extreme lines or rays 301 and 302 in the reference plane (plane of [Fig. 1]). The internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 is the sum of the angle between the line 30 and the line 301 and the angle between the line 30 and the line 302. The internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 is the sum of the angle between the median direction 30 and the upper extreme ray 301 of the lidar beam 70 propagating inside the vehicle (also called the half-angle aperture 0).5*FOV1) and the angle between the median direction 30 and the lower extreme radius 302 of the lidar beam 70 propagating inside the vehicle (also called half-angle of aperture 0.5*FOV1).

[0170] Through conventional glazing, i.e. without the first prism and the second prismatic optical device of the present disclosure, the emission beam 70 is refracted through the glazing of thickness E, assumed to be constant in the reference plane, and emerges through the first external principal face 11 with its vertical angular aperture FOV1. The median direction of the beam is parallel to the median direction of the beam 30, and simply offset due to the refraction through the glazing 1000 of thickness E. The external vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the emission beam exiting the first external principal face 11 is then equal to the vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the emission beam 70 incident on the glazing.

[0171] Let L be the size of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam 70 onto the main internal face 14 of the glazing in the reference plane. The size L of the vertical window depends on the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1, and on the angle i' between a horizontal axis and the median direction of the lidar beam 30. L — U-tâ-ïl 9 | inside the passenger compartment, the angle of inclination 9 of the glazing and the distance d between the lidar and the main internal face 12 of the glazing according to the following formula: _______1—___, _______L_____ sin(9+i')+cos(0+Ota^^^ sii^&ri'j-cosl&ri'Jtan^y^

[0172] The distance d is taken along the median direction of point 30. More precisely, d represents the distance between the point source from which the LIDAR rays appear to originate and the glazing along the optical axis. This point source may be real or virtual, in the same location in space for the vertical and horizontal FOV or not.

[0173] Positioning and configuring the lidar as close as possible to the vehicle roof has the advantage of reducing its size inside the passenger compartment. The disadvantage of this position and configuration is the extent of the vertical window size L, which can reach 15 to 20 cm, for the vertical angular opening FOV1 of the emission beam 70.

[0174] Figure 2 illustrates the variations in the size L of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam onto the prismless glazing as a function of the angle i' of the lidar emission beam incident on the bare glazing. In these examples, the distance d is 5 cm. The minimum value of the size L is obtained for a beam angle i' equal to ir / 2-0, which corresponds to a minimum value of L equal to 2d.tan (FOV 1 / 2). When the lidar has a horizontal median pointing direction, the size L of the vertical window is 6.8 cm for a glazing tilt angle 0 of 23 degrees (solid line), and 11.2 cm for a glazing tilt angle 0 of 30 degrees (dashed line). The size L is at a minimum of approximately 2.7 cm when the lidar is oriented with its median pointing direction normal to the glazing.

[0175] The size L of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam 70 onto the inner main face of the prism-free glazing is thus significantly reduced when the median direction of the lidar beam 30 is close to the normal to the glazing in the absence of the first prism. According to this disclosure, the insertion of the first prism 41 makes it possible to reduce the size L of the vertical window on the inner main face of the glazing without bringing the lidar closer to the normal to the inner main face of the glazing. This configuration has the advantage of not increasing the size of the lidar inside the vehicle's passenger compartment.

[0176] Moreover, at the output of the second output face 44, the emission beam 70 advantageously presents an external field of view with a vertical angular aperture FOV2 greater than or equal to the vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the internal field of view.

[0177] Figure 3 illustrates the variations in the size L of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam onto the glazing as a function of the vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the field of view of the lidar emission beam incident on the glazing without of the first prism 41 and the second prismatic optical device 42, for an angle of inclination 0 of 23 degrees of the glazing (solid line curve), and for an angle of inclination 0 of 30 degrees (dashed curve), at a distance d of 5 cm.

[0178] The combination of the first prism (here linked to the main internal face of the glazing) and the second prismatic optical device (here linked to the main external face of the glazing) makes it possible to maintain or reduce the size L of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam on the glazing while increasing the vertical angular opening FOV2 of the field of view of the lidar emission beam passing successively through the first prism, the glazing and the second prismatic optical device.

[0179] Figure 4 schematically represents a first example of a system comprising a glazing, a first prism 41 and a second prismatic optical device, in the reference plane of the glazing 1001. In this first embodiment, the second prismatic optical device is a second prism 42.

[0180] The first prism 41 has a first flat entrance face 43, a first exit face 45 connected to the inner surface 12, 14 of the glazing 1001, and another face, referred to as the first base 47, which is non-functional. The first entrance face 43 forms a first edge with the first exit face 45. The first entrance face 43 is arranged to receive the near-infrared emission beam 70. In the angular coordinate system of [Fig. 4], the first angle α1 is positive. The second prism 42 has a first entrance face 46 connected to the first external main face 11 of the glazing, a second flat exit face 44, and another face, referred to as the second base 48, which is non-functional. The second exit face 44 forms a second edge with the second entrance face 46.

[0181] The first prism 41, respectively the second prism 42, is linked to the glazing 100 via its first exit face 45, respectively the second entrance face 46. For this purpose, an adhesive 6 is used for example.

[0182] The second prism 42 is arranged opposite the first prism 41, so as to transmit the near-infrared emission beam 70 by successive refractions through the first entrance face 43, the first exit face 45, the glazing 1001, the second entrance face 46 and the second exit face 44.

[0183] In the first embodiment, the first inlet face 43 forms a first non-zero angle al with the vertical axis Z in the reference plane and the second outlet face 44 forms a second zero angle a2 with the vertical axis Z in the reference plane.

[0184] We denote hi the height of the first prism 41 along the Z-axis in the reference plane, h the length of the first prism 41 along the X-axis in the reference plane, LB the height of the second prism 42 along the Z-axis in the reference plane and 12 the The length of the second prism 42 along the X-axis in the reference plane. The first prism 41 has a first refractive index ni and the second prism 42 has a second refractive index n2. We denote nv the refractive index of the glazing 100. For clarity, we consider here that the glazing 100 consists of a single sheet of glass, for example the first sheet of glass 1, as described above.

[0185] In the first embodiment, only the first angle al of the first prism 41 can be variable. The first prism 41 has a height hi of at least 2 cm, in particular ranging from 2 cm to 5 cm, a length h of at least 4 cm, in particular ranging from 4 cm to 7 cm, and preferably equal to 7 cm. The second prism 42 has a height LB of at least 2.5 cm, in particular ranging from 2.5 cm to 6 cm, and a length 12 of at least 5 cm, and even ranging from 5 cm to 10 cm.

[0186] In a third embodiment, illustrated in [Fig.10], where the second prism 42 is further permitted to have a second variable angle a2, the lower bounds are lower, the minimum height hi is 2mm (and for manufacturing at least 5mm or 1cm preferably), the minimum length liminimum is 3 mm (and for manufacturing at least 5mm or 1cm preferably), the minimum height LB is 2 mm (and for manufacturing at least 5mm or 1cm preferably), and the minimum length l2 is 3 mm (and for manufacturing at least 5mm or 1cm preferably).

[0187] Figure 4 also shows the angle of incidence of the emission beam 70 on the different surfaces and interfaces. We denote i' the angle of attack of the direction of the emission beam 70 incident on the first entrance face 43 with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane. The median direction of point 30, inclined at an angle to the horizontal, is denoted here as 0. We denote r”' the angle of incidence of the direction of the emission beam 70 with respect to the normal to the first entrance face 43. We denote r” the angle of incidence of the direction of the emission beam 70 with respect to the normal to the first exit face 45. We denote r' the angle of incidence of the direction of the emission beam 70 with respect to the normal to the second entrance face 46. We denote r the angle of incidence of the direction of the emission beam 70 with respect to the normal to the second exit face 44.We denote i the exit angle of the direction of the emission beam 70 exiting the second exit face 44 with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane, this horizontal axis being, in the first example, parallel to the normal to the second exit face 44. .

[0188] The angle i' of the direction of the emission beam 70 incident on the first input face 43 is related to the angle i of the direction of the emission beam 70 exiting the second output face 44 by the following relation:

[0189] i' = arcsin(n]Cos( arcsin( -^cos(6+arcsin(^sini) ) ) - 0-al) ) +al For the sake of simplicity, we consider the glazing 1001 to be a flat sheet of glass. In this case, the relationship between the angles i and i' does not depend on the refractive index of the glazing.

[0190] Figure 5 shows curves illustrating the variations of the angle i' of the emission beam with respect to a horizontal axis as a function of the first angle al of the first entrance face 43 for different angles i of the direction of the emission beam 70 exiting the second exit face 44, the angle i being respectively -15 degrees, 0 degrees, and +15 degrees with respect to a horizontal axis. The refractive indices of the first prism 41, the glazing 1001, and the second prism 42 are here equal to 1.52 (for example, for glass prisms 41 and 42). The dashed curve shows the vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the field of view of the emission beam incident on the first prism 4L. A system thus configured makes it possible to maintain the vertical angular aperture of the field of view of the emission beam from the second prism 42; in other words, FOV2 is equal to FOV1.For an exit angle i of the direction of the emission beam 70 exiting from the second exit face 44. With the angle equal to 0 degrees, a negative angle i' is observed for an inclination of the first entrance face 43 with a positive first angle al. The positive first angle al advantageously allows the direction of the emission beam 70 to be brought closer to the inner surface of the glazing 100, so that the lidar source points downwards into the passenger compartment while pointing horizontally outside the vehicle's passenger compartment. A similar effect is observed for exit angles i of +15 degrees and -15 degrees, the range of angle al being shifted by approximately +10 to +20 degrees compared to the range of negative angle al for an exit angle i equal to 0 degrees.

[0191] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a decrease in the refractive index n2 so that n2 is less than or equal to ni makes it possible to increase the vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the field of view of the emission beam from the second prism 42 relative to the vertical angular aperture FOV1, or, for a given vertical angular aperture FOV2, for example of 30 degrees, to decrease the vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the field of view of the emission beam 70 incident on the glazing.

[0192] Figure 6 shows curves illustrating the maximum internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the emission beam 70 as a function of the first angle al of the first entrance face 43 of the first prism 41 with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system according to the first embodiment, respectively for an optical refractive index n2 of the second prism 42 of 1.52, 1.40, 1.30 and 1.20, with ni = 1.52 and for an external vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the beam exiting the second output face 44 of 30 degrees (or + / -15 degrees around the horizontal axis), FOV2 being represented by dashed lines in [Fig. 6]. When the refractive index n2 is equal to 1.52, a reduction in the vertical angular aperture of the output beam is observed, the FOV1 curve corresponding to n2 = 1.52 being located above the dashed curve of FOV2. Conversely, when the refractive index n2 decreases, the curves of maximum internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 are observed to fall below the dashed curve, which corresponds to a decrease in the internal vertical angular aperture of the lidar beam compared to the achievable external vertical angular aperture, in the example above of 30 degrees.

[0193] To obtain both a lidar pointing direction downwards into the vehicle (i.e. negative angle i') and a reduction of the vertical angular aperture FOV1 for a given vertical angular aperture FOV2, one condition is that the refractive index n2 is less than or equal to the refractive index ni at the working wavelength LB1 of the lidar.To illustrate this aspect in the context of the first embodiment, the following Table I indicates, for different pairs of materials (Matl, Mat2), Matl being the material of the first prism 41 and Mat2 the material of the second prism 42, the optical refractive index n2 being less than the optical refractive index nh here at the wavelength LB1 of 905 nm, the vertical angular opening FOV2 being given for example equal to 30 degrees, the values ​​of: the minimum angle alm, the maximum angle alM, and respectively the optimal angle al0 of the first entrance face 43 to reduce the vertical angular opening FOV1, with the minimum angle alm allowing the median direction of the lidar pointed downwards, R indicating the operational range of values ​​of the first angle al and FOVm the minimum field of view FOV1 attainable in the operational range R.

[0194] In the following tables, PMMA is the acronym for polymethyl methacrylate, PC for polycarbonate, and OCA for a moldable silicone forming an optically clear adhesive (OCA stands for "Optically clear adhesive"). The difference between the refractive index n2 and the refractive index ni is less than 0.2. Each row in the table corresponds to a pair of materials (Mat1, Mat2). Matl ni Mat2 n2 alm (° ) °) «1m (°) (°) R(°) angles / FOVlm (°) PMM A 1.48 OCA 1.4 -18.6° 5.5° 29.5° 15.2° 15.2° - >29.5 O -12.6° -> 13.6° 26.3 Glass 1.52 PMM A 1.48 -15.1° 2.8° 20.7° 7.3° 7.3° -> 20.7° -13.6- > 14.2° Glass 1.52 OCA 1.4 -18° 7.7° 33.3° 20.3° 20.3° ->33.3 O -12.1°- > 13.3° PC 1.57 Glass 1.52 -14.9° 3.3° 21.5° 8.3° 8.3° -> 21.5° -13.4°- > 14° PC 1.57 PMM A 1.48 -16.5° 5.7 28 14.4 14.4° - >28° -12.6° -> 13.5° 26.1 PC 1.57 OCA 1.4 -16.4° 10.1 36.6 25.1 25.1°- >37.9 W -11.7°- > 13° 24.6

[0195] Table I: ranges of values ​​of the first variable angle al of the first prism 41 and of the ranges of vertical angular opening of the internal field of view, for different pairs (Matl, Mat2) of materials for this first example of embodiment.

[0196] The following Table II indicates, still within the framework of the first example, for the same pairs of materials (Mat1, Mat2) as in Table I, Mat1 being the material of the first prism 41 and Mat2 the material of the second prism 42, the refractive index n2 of the second prism 42 being less than the refractive index ni of the first prism 41, here at the wavelength LB1 of 905 nm, the vertical angular aperture FOV2 being given, for example, as 30 degrees, the values ​​of: the size LA of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam on the first entrance face 43, the size L4 of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam on the first exit face 45, the size Li of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam on the second entrance face 46, the size LB of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam on the second exit face 44,The length-to-height dimensions (lxh) of the first prism 41 and the length-to-height dimensions (l2xh2) of the second prism 42 in the reference plane. For comparison, the size L of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam onto the main internal face 14 of the glazing in the reference plane without the first prism is 6.8 cm. Matl ni Mat2 n2 R(deg •) La (cm ) L4 (cm ) Li (cm ) Lb (cm ) lixhj ( cm) l2xh2 ( cm) PMM A 1.48 OCA 1.4 15.2° ->29.5 O 2.5-> 3.7 3.6 -> 6.4 4.0 -> 6.7 2.8-> 4.8 4.1x2. 4->5. 6x3.2 4.8x2. 8-> 8. 3x4.8 Glass 1.52 PMM A 1.48 7.3°-> 20.7° 2.6-> 3.2 3.6 -> 5.3 4.1 -> 5.7 2.8-> 4.0 4.4x2. 5->5. 2x3.0 4.8x2. 8 -> 6. 9x4.0 Glass 1.52 OCA 1.4 20.3°- >33.3° 2.5-> 4.0 3.7 -> 7.1 4.0 -> 7.4 2.8-> 5.3 4.0x2. 3->6. 1x3.5 4.9x2. 8 -> 9. 2x5.3 PC 1.57 Glass 1.52 8.3°-> 21.5° 2.5-> 3.3 3.6 -> 5.4 4.2 -> 6.0 2.8-> 4.1 4.3x2. 5->5. 3x3.1 4.8x2. 8 -> 7. 1x4.1 PC 1.57 PMM A 1.48 14.4-> 28 2.5-> 3.7 3.6 -> 6.3 4.0 -> 6.7 2.7 -> 4.7 4.1x2. 4->5. 6x3.2 4.8x2. 7-> 8. 1x4.7 PC 1.57 OCA 1.4 25.l-> 37.9 2.5-> 4.3 3.8 -> 7.9 4.1 -> 8.2 2.9 -> 5.9 3.9x2. 2->6.9x4.0 5.0x2. 9->10.2x5.9

[0197] Table II: ranges of values ​​of lidar beam sizes on the different faces of the two prisms and dimensions of the two prisms for different pairs of materials for the first example.

[0198] The system according to the first example thus makes it possible to reduce the vertical angular opening of the internal field of view of the lidar compared to the vertical angular opening of the external field of view of the lidar while making it possible to orient the 70 near-infrared emission beam of the lidar so that it points downwards inside the vehicle, which makes it possible to improve the compactness of the lidar system inside the vehicle.

[0199] Figure 7 schematically represents a second example of a glazing system comprising a glazing 1002, a first prism 41 and a second prism 42, in the glazing's reference plane. The same elements are represented by the same reference symbols as in [Fig. 4]. The angle i' of the direction of the emission beam 70 incident on the first entrance face 43 with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane, this horizontal axis being, in the second embodiment, parallel to the normal to the first entrance face 43. The angle i of the beam direction The emission beam 70 exiting the second output face 44 is directed with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane. Consequently, the direction of the emission beam 70 exiting the second output face 44 forms an angle equal to i-a2 with the normal to the second output face 44. In the second example, the first input face 43 forms a first zero angle al with the vertical axis Z in the reference plane, and the second output face 44 forms a second non-zero angle a2 with the vertical axis Z in the reference plane.

[0200] In this case, the angle of attack i' of the direction of the emission beam 70 incident on the first input face 43 with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane is related to the angle of exit i of the direction of the emission beam 70 exiting the second output face 44 with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane by the following relation:

[0201] i = arcsin(n1sin(y -0+arcsin [^sin( arcsin (^sin(i-a2) ) + «2 + 0- ) ] ) )

[0202] In the case where the first prism 41 and the second prism 42 have the same refractive index, denoted n, this relationship simplifies as follows:

[0203] i = arcsin (nsin(arcsin (|sin (i-a2)) + «2))

[0204] Figure 8 shows curves illustrating the variations of the angle i' of the emission beam with respect to a horizontal axis as a function of the angle a of the second exit face 44 for different angles i of the direction of the emission beam 70 exiting the second exit face 44, the angle i being respectively -15 degrees, 0 degrees, and +15 degrees with respect to a horizontal axis. The refractive indices of the first prism 41, the glazing 1002, and the second prism 42 are here equal to 1.52 (for example, for glass prisms 41 and 42). The dashed curve shows the vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the field of view of the emission beam incident on the first prism 4L. A system thus configured according to the second example makes it possible to maintain the vertical angular aperture of the field of view of the emission beam from the second prism; in other words, FOV2 is equal to FOV1.For an exit angle i of the direction of the emission beam 70 exiting the second exit face 44 equal to 0 degrees, a negative angle of attack i' is observed when the second exit face 44 is tilted with a second negative angle '2'. The first negative angle al of the first entrance face 43 advantageously brings the direction of the emission beam 70 closer to the inner surface of the glazing 100, so that the lidar source points downwards into the passenger compartment while pointing horizontally outside the vehicle's passenger compartment. A similar effect is observed for angles i of +15 degrees and -15 degrees, the range of the first angle al being shifted by approximately +10 to +20 degrees compared to the range of first negative angles al for an angle i equal to 0. degrees. However, a second negative angle of the second exit face 44 can result in an acute angle between the second exit face 44 and the other face called the second base 48.

[0205] As in the first example, a decrease in the refractive index n2 of the second prism 42, so that n2 is less than n^, makes it possible to increase the vertical angular opening FOV2 of the field of view of the emission beam from the second prism 42 relative to the vertical angular opening FOV1, or, for a given vertical angular opening FOV2, for example of 30 degrees, to decrease the vertical angular opening FOV1 of the field of view of the emission beam 70 incident on the glazing.

[0206] [Fig.9] shows curves illustrating the maximum internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the emission beam 70 as a function of the angle a of the second exit face 44 with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system according to the second example, respectively an optical refractive index n2 of the second prism of 1.52, 1.40, 1.30 and 1.20, for ni 1.52 and for a given external vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the beam exiting the second exit face 44, for example of 30 degrees (or + / -15 degrees around the horizontal axis), shown in dashed lines on [Fig.9]. When the optical refractive index n2 is equal to 1.52, a small reduction in the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the lidar beam is observed, the FOV1 curve corresponding to n2= 1.52 being located just below the dashed curve of FOV2.When the optical refractive index n2 decreases progressively, we observe that the curves of the maximum internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 allow a substantial decrease in the vertical angular aperture of the beam incident on the first prism 41 compared to the vertical angular aperture at the exit of the second prism 42. For example, for an optical refractive index n2= 1.30 we go from a vertical angular aperture of the beam incident on the first prism 41 of about 20 degrees to a vertical angular aperture of the beam exiting the second prism of about 30 degrees, which is considerable.In other words, the system described in the second example reduces the vertical angular aperture of the lidar's internal field of view relative to the vertical angular aperture of its external field of view, while simultaneously directing the lidar's near-infrared emission beam downwards into the vehicle, thus improving the lidar system's compactness. This allows the use of a lidar with a limited vertical angular aperture, which can then be enlarged using the two-prism system.

[0207] To obtain both a downward-pointing lidar direction (i.e., negative angle i') and a reduction in the vertical angular aperture FOV1 for a given vertical angular aperture F0V2, one condition is that the optical refractive index n2 of the second prism 42 is less than the optical refractive index ni of the first prism 41 at the working wavelength LB1 of the lidar. To illustrate this aspect in the context of the second example, the following Table III indicates, for different pairs of materials (Mat1, Mat2), Mat1 being the material of the first prism 41 and Mat2 the material of the second prism 42, the refractive index n2 of the second prism 42 being less than the refractive index ni of the first prism 41, here at the wavelength LB1 of 905 nm, the vertical angular aperture FOV2 being given for example as 30 degrees, the values ​​of: the minimum angle a2m, the maximum angle a2M, and respectively the optimal angle a20 of the second exit face 44 of the second prism 42 to reduce the vertical angular aperture FOV1,with the maximum angle aMi allowing the median direction of the lidar to be pointed downwards, R indicating the operational range of values ​​of the second angle a2, FOVlm the minimum achievable internal field of view FOV1 within the operational range R, and FOV10 the achievable internal field of view FOV1 while keeping the lidar horizontal. The difference between the refractive index n2 and the refractive index ni is less than 0.2. Each row in Table III corresponds to a pair of materials (Matl, Mat2). Matl ni Mat2 n2 a2m (° ) a2o (° ) a2M (°) «2M1 (°) R(°) FOVIm (°) FOV10 (°) PMM A 1.49 OCA 1.4 <-60° <-60° >60° -24.2° -60->- 24.2° -15° -> -8.9° -9.9->l 1.5 Glass 1.52 PMM A 1.49 <-60 <-60 >60 -6.3 -60->- 6.3 -28.8-> -22.5 -13.6-> 14.2 Glass 1.52 OCA 1.4 <-60 <-60 >60 -33 -60->- 33 -10.8-> -5.4 -7.9->9.7 PC 1.6 Glass 1.52 <-60 <-60 >60 -16.5 -60->- 16.5 -18.9-> -15.4 -ll,l-> 12.4 PC 1.6 PMM A 1.49 <-60 <-60 >60 -24.7 -60->- 24.7 -13.8-> -10.2 -9.2->- 10.9 PC 1.6 OCA 1.4 <-60 <-60 >60 -60 XXX

[0208] Table III: ranges of values ​​of the variable angle a of the second prismatic optical device 42 and of the vertical angular aperture ranges of the internal field of view, for different pairs (Matl, Mat2) of materials for the second example.

[0209] The following Table IV indicates, still within the framework of the second example, for different pairs of materials (Matl, Mat2), Matl being the material of the first prism 41 and Mat2 the material of the second prism 42, the optical refractive index n2 of the second prism 42 being less than the optical refractive index ni of the first prism 41, here at the wavelength LB1 of 905 nm, the vertical angular aperture FOV2 being given for example equal to 30 degrees, the values ​​of: the size LA of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam on the first entrance face 43 of the first prism 41, the size L4 of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam on the first exit face 45 of the first prism 41, the size Li of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam on the second entrance face 46 of the second prism 42,The size LB of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam onto the second exit face 44 of the second prismatic optical device 42, the length-by-height dimensions (lxh) of the first prism 41, and the length-by-height dimensions (l2xh2) of the second prism 42 in the reference plane. For comparison, the size L of the vertical projection window of the lidar emission beam onto the main internal face 14 of the glazing in the reference plane without the first and second prisms is 6.8 cm. Matl ni Mat2 n2 R(deg •) LA (cm) L4(cm) Li (cm) Lb (cm) hxhi (cm) l2xh2 (cm) PMM A 1.48 OCA 1.4 -60 -> -24.2° 0.6-> 2.0 0.5 -> 2.5 0.6 -> 2.8 0.2 -> 1.8 0.5x0.3 -> 3.3x 1.9 0.4x0.2 ->3.1x 1.8 Glass 1.52 PMM A 1.48 -60 -> -6.3 0.6-> 2.5 0.4 -> 3.2 0.8 -> 3.7 0.2 -> 2.4 0.5x0.3 -> 4.2x 2.4 0.4x0.2 -> 4.1x 2.4 Glass 1.52 OCA 1.4 -60 -> -33 0.5-> 1.6 0.4 -> 1.8 0.6 -> 2.1 0.2 -> 1.2 0.4x0.2 -> 2.3x 1.3 0.3x0.2 -> 2.2x 1.2 PC 1.57 Glass 1.52 -60 ->- 16.5 0.4 -> 2.4 0.2 -> 3.0 3.8 -> Inf 1.2 -> 2.3 0.3x0.2 -> 4.1x 2.4 2.1xl.2 -> 4.1x 2.3 PC 1.57 PMM A 1.48 -60 ->- 24.7 0.4 -> 2.0 0.2 -> 2.4 0.6 -> 3.0 0.2 -> 1.8 0.3x0.2 -> 3.2 x 1.9 0.3 x 0.2 -> 3.1 x 1.8

[0210] Table IV: Ranges of values ​​for the lidar beam sizes on the different faces of the two prisms and dimensions of the two primes for different pairs of materials, where Inf means infinity

[0211] The system according to the second example thus makes it possible to reduce the vertical angular opening of the internal field of view of the lidar compared to the vertical angular opening of the external field of view of the lidar while making it possible to orient the 70 near-infrared emission beam of the lidar so that it points downwards inside the vehicle, which makes it possible to improve the compactness of the lidar system inside the vehicle.

[0212] The first and second examples are advantageously combined in a third example to provide more degrees of freedom.

[0213] In the third example illustrated in [Fig. 10], the first inlet face 43 forms a first non-zero angle ai with a vertical axis parallel to the Z-axis in the reference plane, and the second outlet face 44 forms a second non-zero angle a2 with a vertical axis parallel to the Z-axis in the reference plane. The first and second angles ai and a2 may be equal or different. We always denote i' the angle of the direction of the emission beam 70 incident on the first inlet face 43 with respect to a horizontal axis in the reference plane. The direction of the emission beam 70 exiting the second outlet face 44 here forms an angle equal to i-a2 with the normal to the second outlet face 44.Adjusting the two angles ai and a2 allows us to find an optimum between a small vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the internal beam incident on the first prism and the orientation of the direction of the internal beam relative to the glazing 300. We denote 0 the angle of inclination of the glazing with respect to a horizontal axis. The relationships between the angles are defined here by the following equations: . - f1 ■ rar = arcsin ■—sm(i — a2) \n2 ■ a • / n^smr = npsmr TTx 2 / r" = arcsin n2 / tt — sin [ r + a-, + 0-- H4 V “ 2 r”1 - arcsin ( sin

[0214] in which r”' represents the angle of incidence of the median direction of the lidar beam on the first input face 43, r” represents the angle of incidence of the median direction of the lidar beam on the first output face 45, r' represents the angle of incidence of the median direction of the lidar beam on the second input face 46 and r represents the angle of incidence of the median direction of the lidar beam on the second output face 44.

[0215] Figure 11 shows curves illustrating the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the lidar emission beam as a function of the second angle α2 of the second output face relative to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system such as that illustrated in Figure 10, for different values ​​of the first angle αi of the first input face, respectively equal to -15 degrees, -10 degrees, -5 degrees, 0 degrees, +5 degrees, +10 degrees, and +15 degrees. The external vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the lidar emission beam is given here as 30 degrees. Figure 11 shows that, when the first angle αi is greater than or equal to -5 degrees (within the range indicated above), the FOV1 curves are all below the value of 30 degrees, indicated by a dashed line in Figure 11, which corresponds here to the value of FOV2.Therefore, as soon as the first angle ai is greater than or equal to -5 degrees, the reduction effect of the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 relative to the external vertical angular aperture FOV2 is observed. For values ​​of the first angle ai less than or equal to -10 degrees (i.e., -10 degrees and -15 degrees in [Fig. 1 1]), certain values ​​of the second angle a2 do not allow for a FOV1 value less than the 30-degree value of FOV2. In this case, the resulting FOV2 value is lower than FOV1. However, it is observed that for ai equal to -15 degrees, when a2 is less than approximately -5 degrees, the FOV1 value is indeed lower than the 30-degree value of FOV2. Similarly, for ai equal to -10 degrees, when a2 is less than approximately 0 degrees, the resulting FOV1 value is indeed lower than the 30-degree value of FOV2.

[0216] In [Fig. 12], curves are plotted representing the angle of attack i', with respect to a horizontal axis, of the median direction of the lidar emission beam on the first inlet face as a function of the second angle a2 of the second outlet face with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system such as illustrated in [Fig. 10], for different values ​​of the first angle ai of the first inlet face, respectively equal to -15 degrees, -10 degrees, -5 degrees, 0 degrees, +5 degrees, +10 degrees, and +15 degrees. It can be observed from these curves that, whatever the value of the first angle ai (in the range indicated above), there is always a value of the second angle a2 for which the value of the angle of attack i', with respect to a horizontal axis (dashed line in [Fig. 12]), is negative, i.e. that the median direction of the lidar, pointed at 30°, points downwards into the vehicle. This configuration allows the lidar to be brought closer to the glazing, thus reducing the size of the detection system inside the vehicle.

[0217] In [Fig. 13], points corresponding to the second minimum angle a2 of the second output face are shown as a function of the first angle ai of the first input face so that the median direction of the lidar emission beam points downwards, relative to a horizontal axis, on the first face for a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10]. At first glance, the relationship between the second minimum angle a2 and the first angle ai appears to be linear, for a value of angle ai between -30 degrees and +10 degrees, and for a value of the minimum angle a2 ranging from -15 degrees to +15 degrees.

[0218] In [Fig. 14], points corresponding to the extreme radii of the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the lidar emission beam are shown as a function of the first angle ai of the first entrance face such that the median direction of the pointer is horizontal at the exit, in a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10]. More precisely, for each value of the angle ai, the angle of the lower extreme radius of the vertical angular aperture FOV1 and the angle of the upper extreme radius of the vertical angular aperture FOV1 are shown, the difference between these two values ​​being equal to FOV1. The external vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the lidar emission beam is given here as 30 degrees (i.e., the extreme radii are inclined at -15 degrees and +15 degrees respectively with respect to a horizontal axis).For each value of the first angle ai, we find the second angle ai2 that allows us to point horizontally outwards, that is, for which the median direction of the point 35 is horizontal. We calculate the vertical angular aperture FOV1 between the extreme rays. For the value of the first angle ai equal to -15 degrees, the value of FOV1 thus obtained is approximately 25 degrees: we indeed obtain a reduction of the vertical angular aperture FOV1 compared to the vertical angular aperture FOV2 of 30 degrees. However, we observe that the higher the value of the first angle ai, the smaller the reduction of the vertical angular aperture FOV1. Indeed, for the value of the first angle ai equal to +15 degrees, the value of FOV1 thus obtained is practically equal to 30 degrees.

[0219] In [Fig. 15], points corresponding to the values ​​of the second minimum and maximum angles a2 of the second output face with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane are shown for a system such as that illustrated in [Fig. 10] as a function of the first angle ai of the first input face, allowing both a reduction in the vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the internal lidar emission beam and a downward orientation of the median direction of the lidar beam. More precisely, the The second minimum and maximum angles a2 are identified for which the downward-pointing effect of the lidar beam is obtained (i.e., negative angle i'). Next, the second minimum and maximum angles a2 are identified for which the reduction of the vertical angular aperture F0V1 of the internal lidar emission beam relative to the external vertical angular aperture F0V2 is obtained. From these minima and maxima, for each value of the first angle aH, the intersection domain is deduced that allows both the downward-pointing median orientation effect of the lidar beam and the reduction of the vertical angular aperture F0V1 of the internal lidar emission beam relative to the external vertical angular aperture F0V2, as illustrated in [Fig. 15]. This graph shows all the pairs of angles (ai, a2) for which the two effects indicated above are obtained.We observe that from the value of the first angle ai greater than or equal to -5 degrees, any pair of angles (ab a2) allows us to obtain both effects. Below the value of the first angle ai of -5 degrees, the range of values ​​for the second angle a2 is more limited to obtain both effects.

[0220] In [Fig. 16], points corresponding to the extreme radii of the external vertical angular aperture FOV2 for a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10] are shown as a function of the angle ai of the first entrance face for a given vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the internal lidar emission beam, allowing the median direction to be oriented downwards. More precisely, for each value of the first angle ai, the angle of the lower extreme radius of the vertical angular aperture FOV2 and the angle of the upper extreme radius of the vertical angular aperture FOV2 are shown, the difference between these two values ​​being equal to FOV2. The internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the lidar emission beam is given here as 15 degrees. For each value of the first angle ai, the second angle ai2 is sought that allows the amplitude of the vertical angular aperture FOV2 to be greater than or equal to FOV1, i.e., here, 15 degrees.If we vary only the value of the first angle ab, we observe on this graph that there is only one median direction of pointing that allows us to obtain a given angular opening. Varying the second angle a2 allows us to choose the median direction of pointing without changing the vertical angular opening FOV1 of the detection system.

[0221] Fig. 17 shows regions illustrating the second angles a2 of the second entrance face with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10] as a function of the first angle ai of the first entrance face allowing to reduce the internal vertical angular opening FOV1 and to orient the median direction downwards (i' negative), this for three angles of inclination 20, 30, 40 degrees and for ni and n2 being at 1.52.

[0222] The region widens (more possible second angles) by decreasing the angle of inclination.

[0223] We can choose the area common to all inclinations.

[0224] Fig. 18 shows regions illustrating the second angles a2 of the second entrance face with respect to the vertical axis in the reference plane for a system as illustrated in [Fig. 10] as a function of the first angle ai of the first entrance face allowing to reduce the internal vertical angular opening FOV1 and to orient the median direction downwards (i' negative), this for four refractive indices n2 with an angle of inclination of 30 degrees and for ni being at 1.52.

[0225] The region widens (more possible second angles) by decreasing n2.

[0226] We can choose the area common to all indices or at least from n2=l,52.

[0227] According to a fourth example illustrated in [Fig. 19], the glazing 1004 with the device The optical system comprises a first prism 41 and a second prismatic optical device, which is a multiprismatic film 42' comprising a plurality of microprisms. Each microprism 142 has a millimeter or submillimeter height, in particular of at least 25 pm and preferably less than 1 cm. Each microprism 142 has a second entrance face 146 and a second exit face 144, which are flat and form a second edge with the second entrance face 146. Each microprism 142 also has another face, called the second base 148, connected to its second exit face 144 and its second entrance face 146. In one example, the microprisms 142 are all of identical dimensions and have the same refractive index n2. The second prisms are advantageously arranged contiguously to one another in the reference plane. This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the bulk of the second prismatic device outside the passenger compartment.

[0228] Preferably the prismatic film comprises a substrate 420 transparent at the working wavelength and glued by an adhesive 6 possibly for camouflage to the first face 11 and the outer side comprising a partially structured coating (organic resin for example liquid deposition) forming the microprisms.

[0229] Such a multiprismatic film can also be used in embodiments with a partial or through hole (in particular notch) such as those described below.

[0230] Figures 20 to 33 show different ways of integrating the optical device into a laminated glazing. These figures have the following common elements. The laminated glazing 100, 100', 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600 comprises a first sheet of glass 1, a lamination interlayer 3 (possibly with a partial or through hole in the near-infrared transmission window) and a second sheet of glass 2 (or of plastic such as PC or PMMA).

[0231] The LIDAR infrared detection system 7 is housed in a cover 8 (black), for example, made of plastic or metal. The cover 8 is attached by a fastening means, for example, by clipping. The cover 8 is attached, for example, (fully) to the fourth main face 14 of the second glass pane 2 by the fastening means, for example, by clipping. Alternatively, the cover 8 is attached to a support 80, preferably multifunctional (multi-sensor, with antenna, etc.), which is attached (glued) to the fourth main face 14 of the second glass pane 2.According to another variant, the housing 8 is fixed to the face F4 or to the support 80 and also to an element of the vehicle, for example the roof of the vehicle, in particular to the interior trim of the vehicle passenger compartment and / or to the bodywork 160 which is glued to the periphery of the glazing (on face 14 or face 12 if partial hole or on the support 80 if through hole of the glazing) via an adhesive 60. A seal 161 (extruded etc) with preferably a lip 162 is between the bodywork 160 and the edge 10 of the glazing (or between the bodywork 160 and the support 80 where applicable, see figures 31 and 33).

[0232] According to various embodiments, the light source 71 and the detection device 72 are arranged side by side in the reference plane ([Fig. 22] for example), or in an oblique plane, in particular normal, to the reference plane ([Fig. 23] for example). The laminated glazing advantageously comprises a masking layer 5 disposed between the first glass sheet 1 and the lamination interlayer 3. The masking layer 5 is bonded to the second internal principal face 12 of the first glass sheet 1. The masking layer 5 is also bonded to the principal face 38 of the lamination interlayer 3 at least outside the near-infrared transmission window 111. The masking layer 5 is opaque to visible and near-infrared radiation, for example black, such as an enamel layer on face 12 or F2 or a lacquer (on face F2 or on the interlayer 3).The masking layer 5 may have a recess in the masking layer, for example, a rectangular or trapezoidal shape with two long horizontal sides 501, 502 and two short sides (see front view figures). This recess is created, for example, by a hole passing through the glazing (figures 30 to 33).

[0233] In figures 14, 22, 25, 27 the glazing system includes a multi-function support 80 bonded (PU glue etc) to the main rear face 14 of the laminated glazing, perforated in the near-infrared transmission window 111, thus having an orifice 81 in the extension of the masking layer 5. In figures 29 to 33, the support 80 is bonded (PU glue etc) to the face 12 if partial hole of the glazing or is in a through hole of the glazing.

[0234] The support 80 may be multifunctional, includes one or more transmission windows in the visible (via an orifice if necessary) and / or a far infrared transmission window (preferably via an orifice).

[0235] According to an example of an embodiment (figures 32 and 33), the support 80, itself in the through hole of the glazing 600, is transparent to the radiation of the lidar, the first prism 41 then being placed on the rear face of this support 80, on the passenger compartment side and the second prism 42 on the front face.

[0236] According to another embodiment (Figures 30, 31), the support 80, itself within the through-hole of the glazing, is opaque and absorbs lidar radiation. The support has a through-hole 81 in which the optical device is partially arranged, consisting of the first prism with a triangular cross-section (with a fictitious face of the triangle 45') and then a rectangular cross-section area (lateral edges 43', 47'). The first exit face 45 is bonded to the second entrance face by adhesive. Alternatively, a single piece is formed (with the lateral edges possibly flared outwards).

[0237] Figures 19 and 20 show, according to a first embodiment and its variant, a laminated glazing 100, 100' comprising a first prism 41 and a second prism 42 of triangular sections, in which the first exit face 45 is linked to the fourth main face 14 by an adhesive 6 transparent at the working wavelength forming a possible camouflage layer and in which the second entrance face 46 is linked to the first main face 11 of glass 2 by an adhesive 6 transparent at the working wavelength forming a possible camouflage layer.

[0238] This hole-free design has the advantage of not weakening the structure of the laminated glass. The shape of the first exit face 45 and second entrance face 46 is custom-made (in particular, it follows the shape of the masking layer 5).

[0239] On [Fig.20], the second face 12 of the glazing 100' has a camouflage layer 110 in the space delimited by the edges 501,502 of the masking layer 5.

[0240] Figures 22 to 26 schematically represent, in a side section view, a second embodiment with various variants, a laminated vehicle window with a through hole 4 in the second glass sheet 2, which is not sufficiently transparent. The prisms 41, 42 have a triangular cross-section. The shape of the first exit face 45 preferably follows the shape of the through hole.

[0241] The hole 4 is closed, i.e. away from the edge of the glazing. The prism 41 is disposed partly in the hole, sometimes on the main inner face 38 (opposite the outer face 39), protruding from the inner face 14 F4 and better from the possible support 80 (perforated).

[0242] According to the variant illustrated in [Fig. 23], the lamination interlayer 3 of the glazing 201, for example conventional PVB with at least 30% plasticizers, is locally thinned at the through hole 4, to form an upper interlayer layer 31 bonded on one outer face to the first glass pane 1 and on the opposite inner face at the exit face 28. Alternatively, one can have locally at the right of the through hole 4 a sheet of PVB with little or no plasticizer.

[0243] In the example illustrated in [Fig.24], the first prism 41 has a first exit face 45 which is bonded to an adhesive layer, for example, of PVB (with or without plasticizer) or EVA or OCA 31'. A camouflage film 110 is sandwiched between another adhesive layer (for example, identical or similar and even of the same thickness as the layer 31') on the face F2 12 and the adhesive layer 31'.

[0244] In the example illustrated in [Fig.25], the first prism 41 has an exit face 45 which is linked with the face F2 12 by a camouflage adhesive layer 110 (suitable PVB, suitable OCA etc).

[0245] In the example illustrated in [Fig.17], the first prism 41 has an exit face 45 which is in adhesive contact (directly) with the face F2 12.

[0246] It is preferred that the first prism 41 be spaced from the walls 401, 402 delimiting the through hole 4. It can be placed before lamination (especially if the interlayer is kept even if thinned) or after lamination (in particular if layer(s) of OCA glue especially PSA, i.e. pressure sensitive).

[0247] It is preferable to form a continuity (of black for example) between the masking layer 5 and the camouflage layer 110. The spare can be less than the perimeter of the through hole for example by at most 10 or 5 mm.

[0248] The first prism 41 can be used alternatively or cumulatively to form a camouflage element and / or the second prism 42.

[0249] As an alternative to the examples in Figures 22 to 26, an insert (in particular forming a camouflage element), in particular made of (extra-clear) glass, is placed, filling all or part of the through hole 4 onto which the first prism 41 is glued.

[0250] Figures 28, 31, and 33 show a front view of glazing according to third, fifth, and sixth embodiments. The edges 801, 802, 803, and 804 of the support 80 are visible, as are, optionally, the edges 401, 402, 403, and 404 of the through hole 4' in the glazing. In Figures 23 and 24, the first prism 41 is mounted on the support 80 inside the vehicle. The shape of the exit face 45 preferably follows the shape of the possible opening 81. In particular, the first prism 41 is shaped to be more easily fixed by means of a gasket or adhesive 61' in the opening 81 of the (opaque) support 80.

[0251] The support 80 is multifunctional, with two visible transmission windows 601, 603 and one 602 in the far-infrared, respectively for a sensor (rain / humidity sensor), a thermal camera, and a visible camera. The windows are, for example, arranged peripherally around the first prism 41 (see Figures 28, 33). The sensors are, for example, arranged peripherally around the lidar. Another near-infrared transmission window can also be provided for certain sensors (rain sensor, near-infrared camera, etc.) or even for mid-infrared.

[0252] The through hole 4 is, for example, trapezoidal in shape and comprises a first long side 401, or upper longitudinal edge, closest to the edge of the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing 10, preferably parallel to this edge 10, with a length of at most 20 cm, for example 8 cm, and spaced at least 5 cm or 6 cm from the edge 10; a second long side 402, or lower longitudinal edge (furthest from the edge of the upper longitudinal edge 10, near the central area), parallel to the first long side, with a length of at most 25 cm or 20 cm, and preferably greater than that of the first long side, for example 14 cm; and two short sides 403, 404, or straight or oblique lateral edges. The height (between the long sides 401 and 402) is at least 5 cm. The through hole 4 may have rounded corners.

[0253] The through hole 4 is advantageously located in a peripheral central region along the upper longitudinal edge 10 of the laminated windshield. The through hole 4, whether closed or open, may be located in another region of the windshield or even in another glazing of the vehicle, in particular the rear window.

[0254] We observe the edges 501, 502, 503, 504 of the spare in the masking layer 5 and possibly the edges 401, 402, 403, 404 of the through hole in the case of the second embodiment.

[0255] Fig. 29 shows a glazing according to a fourth embodiment in which the laminated glazing has a partial hole 4 forming a partial notch 4' through the second sheet 2 of the glazing 400, possibly also of the lamination interlayer 3. The first prism 41 is partially inserted in the notch 4 (first exit face 45 bonded by adhesive 6 to the face 12 and even forming a camouflage layer) and is salient from the face F4 14.

[0256] The second prism 41 can alternatively be a multiprismatic element on the face Fl 11.

[0257] Figures 30 to 33 show glazing according to fifth and sixth embodiments in which the laminated glazing has a complete through hole 4 and even a notch 4' through all the glazing sheets 500, 600, in particular the two glass sheets 1, 2, the lamination interlayer 3 and the masking layer 5. The first prism 41 is partially inserted into the notch 4' and fixed to the multi-function support 80 inserted into the notch 4'. The second prism 41 is fixed on the outside of the multi-function support 80 inserted into the notch 4'.

[0258] The through hole 4' or notch passes through the first glass sheet 1, the lamination interlayer 3, and the second glass sheet 2 of the laminated glazing. The support 80 is shaped and arranged to close the through hole 4'. Preferably, the outer principal surface of the support 80 is flush or subflush with the outer principal surface 11 Fl of the first glass sheet 1 so as to form a continuous outer principal surface for the glazing 500, 600 (see [Fig. 21], 23).

[0259] The second prism 41 can alternatively be a multiprismatic element on the face Fl 11. The main external surface of the multiprismatic element can be flush or sub-flush with the main external surface 11 Fl of the first glass sheet 1.

[0260] The support 80 (too opaque for lidar) may have an orifice 81 to partially house the first prism 41 and / or second prism 42 ([Fig.30]).

[0261] The support 80 may have the near-infrared transmission window 111 for the lidar ([Fig. 32]). In this case, the support 80 comprises, for example, a plastic material or glass transparent at the operating wavelength of the lidar. The support 80 is monolithic or laminated, for example, laminated with a plastic sheet. The first exit face 45 of the first prism 41, for example, formed by molding, is fixed, for example, by an adhesive 6, for example, camouflage adhesive 110, to the inner face of the support 80. The second entrance face 46 of the second prism 42, for example, formed by molding, is fixed, for example, by an adhesive 6, for example, camouflage adhesive 110, to the outer face of the support 80.

[0262] According to an advantageous aspect, the support 80 arranged with a partially free external main face ([Fig. 30], 32) may include a hydrophobic external coating that prevents raindrops from pooling. Such a hydrophobic coating may, for example, be made of a fluoropolymer that provides self-cleaning, stain-resistant, and / or moisture-resistant properties.

[0263] The support 80 is fixed for example by gluing or by a seal 61 to the glazing.

[0264] According to a particular aspect applicable to embodiment 500 and especially to the mode 600 (with transparent backing), a masking layer 82 (coating) is applied to the backing 80 (possibly transparent), opaque in the visible and near-infrared spectrum, for example, black. The masking layer 82 protects against UV radiation, including the adhesive 60 if necessary.

[0265] According to a particular aspect applicable to all embodiments, a camouflage layer is applied over the surface of the masking layer 5 so as to ensure the continuity of the masking layer 5. The camouflage layer is opaque in the visible spectrum, for example black, and transparent in the near-infrared, particularly at the working wavelength. The camouflage layer is in the form of a sticky or non-sticky film or coating.

Claims

1. Demands A glazing system comprising a vehicle glazing unit (100, 200 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600, 1000 to 1004), the glazing comprising: a first sheet of glass (1) intended to form the outer glazing unit with a first external principal face (11) and a second principal face (12) facing the passenger compartment, and, when the glazing is laminated, comprising a second sheet of glass (2) intended to form the inner glazing unit with a third principal face (13) facing the second principal face (12) and a fourth principal face (14) facing the passenger compartment, and a lamination interlayer (3) made of polymer material disposed between the second internal principal face (12) and the third principal face (13), the glazing unit being intended to form a positive angle of inclination (0) of less than 90 degrees with respect to a horizontal axis in the vehicle, the angle of inclination (0) going from the glazing to the horizontal axis,the glazing being suitable for receiving an emission beam (70) at said working wavelength of a lidar (7) intended to be disposed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the glazing having a near-infrared transmission window (111) at a working wavelength LB1 in a near-infrared range, the emission beam (70) having in a reference plane which is a lateral section plane of the glazing, a median direction of point (30) and extending over an internal field of view of determined internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1), the reference plane comprising a normal to the glazing and a vertical axis (Z) in the vehicle, the emission beam (70) exiting the glazing having an external field of view of external vertical angular aperture (FOV2), in the near-infrared transmission window, an optical device attached to the glazing, and transparent at the working wavelength, which comprises a first prismatic optical device which is a first prism,having a first entrance face (43) arranged to receive the near-infrared emission beam (70) and in particular a first exit face (45), with a refractive index ni at the working wavelength and forming a first angle (al) with the vertical axis (Z) in the reference plane characterized in that: the optical device comprises a second prismatic optical device (42), in particular a second prism or an element, multiprismatic, with refractive index n2 at the working wavelength with ni greater than or equal to n2 and having at least one second output face (44,144) forming a second angle (a2) with the vertical axis (Z) in the reference plane distinct from the first angle and in particular at least one second input face (46, 146), second prismatic optical device facing and in optical contact with the first prism, second output face oriented towards the outside of the glazing, and in that the first prism and the second prismatic optical device are arranged and configured to transmit by refraction the emission beam (70) such that the external emission beam presents an external field of view with a vertical angular aperture called external (FOV2) at the output of the second output face greater than the vertical angular aperture called internal (FOV1) of the internal field of view, the first and second angles, (al,a2) with the vertical axis (Z) in the reference plane are such that the angle of attack i' of the median direction of beam pointing with respect to the horizontal axis upstream of the first input face is negative and at most - 0°, the angle of attack i' going from the horizontal axis to the median direction and that the angle of exit i of the median direction of beam pointing with respect to the horizontal axis at the exit of the second input face is 0°±5 .,

2. Glazing system according to claim 1 in which the first entry face and the second exit face are flat.

3. Glazing system according to any one of claims 1 or 2 wherein the first and second angles (aia2) are such that the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) is at most equal to the minimum internal vertical angular opening (FOVlmin) +5°.

4. Glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the first and / or second angle (al, a2), preferably each distinct from 0°, are at least - 0 degrees and preferably at most +60- 0 degrees.

5. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second exit face, in particular planar, forms a second angle (a2) equal to 0° with the vertical axis in the reference plane and the first entrance face forms a first distinct angle (a1) of 0° with the vertical axis in the reference plane and n1 > n2, or wherein the first entrance face, in particular planar, forms a first angle (al) equal to 0° with the vertical axis in the reference plane and the second exit face in particular planar, forms a second angle (a2) distinct from 0° with the vertical axis in the reference plane and nl-n2 less than 0.

2.

6. Glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the second optical device is a second prism, the first and / or second prism comprising a piece of material selected from preferably extra-clear glass, PC, PMMA, polyacrylate, in particular the first and second prisms form a monobloc of material selected from preferably extra-clear glass, PC, PMMA, polyacrylate, which is in a particularly peripheral area with a complete through hole of the glazing.

7. Glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the second optical device is a second prism, the first and / or second prism is preferably of triangular section, possibly truncated.

8. Glazing system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the second optical device comprises a prismatic element, in particular a multiprismatic element, unidirectional or bidirectional; comprising a plurality of microprisms.

9. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the first exit face and the second entrance face are bonded to the glazing, preferably laminated, the second entrance face is bonded to the first face by an adhesive or is in adhesive contact, in particular the first exit face is bonded to the second or fourth face, or wherein the first prism and the second prismatic optical device are at least partially in a through hole in the glazing, in particular forming a notch, preferably laminated glazing, and are bonded to a support, in particular multifunctional, transparent to the working wavelength or bonded by an adhesive transparent to the working wavelength.

10. Glazing system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the first exit face and the second entrance face are fictitious, the first prism and the second prismatic optical device which is a second prism form a monobloc in an area of ​​the glazing preferably laminated having a full through hole, partially in the full through hole, optionally protruding from the first face and / or an inner face of the glazing.

11.

12.

13. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the glazing is laminated, comprising a first sheet of glass (1) intended to form the outer glazing with the first outer principal face (11) and the second inner principal face (12) oriented towards the passenger compartment, a second sheet of glass (2) intended to form the inner glazing with a third outer principal face (13) oriented towards the second inner principal face (12) and a fourth inner principal face (14) oriented towards the passenger compartment, a lamination interlayer (3) made of polymer material disposed between the second inner principal face (12) and the third principal face (13), and wherein: - the first exit face (45) is bonded to the fourth main face (14) by a local adhesive or is in adhesive contact with the fourth main face - and / or the second entry face (46) is linked to the first main face (11) by a local glue or is in adhesive contact with the first main face. Glazing system according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the glazing is laminated comprising the first sheet of glass (1) intended to form the outer glazing with the first outer main face (11) and the second inner main face (12) oriented towards the passenger compartment, a second sheet of glass (2) intended to form the inner glazing with a third outer main face (13) oriented towards the second inner main face (12) and a fourth inner main face (14) oriented towards the passenger compartment, a lamination interlayer (3) of polymer material disposed between the second inner main face (12) and the third main face (13),and wherein the laminated glazing has a through hole (4) in the thickness of the second glass sheet (2) and the lamination interlayer (3), and wherein the first exit face (45) is in adhesive contact with an internal principal face (39) of the lamination interlayer (3), and in particular the second entry face (46) is bonded to the first principal face (11) by a local adhesive or is in adhesive contact with the first principal face. A glazing system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the glazing comprises laminated glazing including the first sheet of glass intended to form the outer glazing with the first outer principal face (11) and the second face

14. main internal face (12) oriented towards the passenger compartment, a second sheet of glass (2) intended to form the inner glazing with a third main external face (13) oriented towards the second main internal face (12) and a fourth main internal face (14) oriented towards the passenger compartment, a lamination interlayer (3) of polymer material disposed between the first sheet of glass and the second sheet of glass, the lamination interlayer having an main external face (38) bonded with the second main internal face (12) and an main internal face (39) bonded with the third main face (13), and in which the laminated glazing has a through hole (4) in the thickness of the second sheet of glass (2), the glazing having a part disposed in the through hole (4), the part (49) being of a material, in particular a mineral, transparent at the working wavelength,the part (49) having a main bonding surface (91) bonded by a layer of glue to the second main internal face (12) or to the main internal face (39) of the lamination interlayer (3), the part (49) having an internal main surface (92) opposite the main bonding surface (91) and in which the first exit face (45) is bonded to the internal main surface (92) by a local glue or is in adhesive contact with the internal main surface (92), Glazing system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the glazing comprises laminated glazing including a first sheet of glass (1) intended to form the outer glazing with the first outer principal face (11) and the second inner principal face (12) oriented towards the passenger compartment, a second sheet of glass (2) intended to form the inner glazing with a third outer principal face (13) oriented towards the second inner principal face (12) and a fourth inner principal face (14) oriented towards the passenger compartment, a lamination interlayer (3) made of polymer material disposed between the second inner principal face (12) and the third principal face (13), the lamination interlayer (3) having an outer principal face (38) bonded to the second inner principal face (12) and an inner principal face (39) bonded to the third outer principal face (13), the laminated glazing having a through hole (4') in the thickness of the glazing,in particular forming a notch, the first prism and the second prismatic optical device are in the area of ​​said through hole, in particular linked, to a support, in particular multifunctional ones in said through hole, for example are on either side of the transparent support at the working wavelength or are at least partially in an orifice of the support, joined together by glue or forming a monobloc.

15. Glazing system according to the preceding claim in which the second optical device, in particular a multiprismatic element, is flush or sub-flush with the first principal face.

16. Glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the glazing comprises a peripheral masking layer (5) linked to the second main face (12) and wherein the near-infrared transmission window is in an opening of the masking layer (5) and / or wherein another masking layer (82) is on a main surface of a support (9), in particular multifunctional, in particular in a through hole of the laminated glazing, and the support comprises the near-infrared transmission window optionally in an opening of the other masking layer (5) and even of the support.

17. Glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims wherein it comprises a support (80), in particular transparent at the working wavelength, in particular extra-clear glass or polymer, comprising the near-infrared transmission window, optionally through an orifice, support (80) optionally carrying the optical device, and comprising at least one other transmission window in the visible and / or in the infrared in particular mid- and / or far-infrared, support on an inner face of the glazing or in a through-hole area of ​​the glazing.

18. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the near-infrared transmission window, the glazing comprises a functional layer that is a camouflage layer, in particular disposed within the opening of a masking layer, in particular an adhesive camouflage layer, bonding the first exit face to the inner principal surface of the glazing or to the principal face of a support (80) in a through hole in the glazing and / or bonding the second entrance face to the first outer principal face of the glazing or to the outer principal face of a support (80) in a hole through the glazing or linking the first exit face and the second entry face.

19. Glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims wherein it comprises an infrared lidar detection system (7) at said working wavelength, the lidar detection system comprising a light source (71) and a detection device (72), the light source (71) being capable of generating the near-infrared emission beam (70), the detection device (72) being capable of detecting reflected radiation in at least a part of the external field of view.

20. A glazing system according to the preceding claim, wherein the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) is less than or equal to 20 degrees

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