Method for positioning a set of reconfigurable smart surfaces and associated electronic device

Abstract

Method for positioning a set E of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and associated electronic device The invention relates to a method for positioning a set E of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces associated with an access point (21) of a telecommunications network. The set comprises at least one reconfigurable intelligent surface called "intermediate surface" and at least one other reconfigurable intelligent surface called "main surface".The method comprises in particular a determination (S100) of positioning data of the intermediate and main surfaces so that signals emitted by the access point (21) are reflected by the intermediate surface () towards the main surface (20_i) to exchange data with at least one user terminal (23) located in the geographical area served by the main surface, but also so that a path gain of a path taken by said signals between the access point (21) and this user terminal (23) is greater than a predetermined or maximized threshold. Figure for the abstract: Fig. 3.

Description

Title of the invention: Method for positioning a set of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and associated electronic device Technical field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the general field of wireless communication systems. It relates more particularly to a method for positioning a set of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. It also relates to an electronic device configured to implement such a method. Prior art

[0002] In a manner known per se, a reconfigurable intelligent surface, hereinafter "RIS" (acronym for the English expression "Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface") for the sake of brevity, can be defined as a relay configured to receive an incident signal from a transmitter and reflect it in a specific direction. It is generally considered to be a "full duplex" type relay, i.e. one which allows simultaneous communication in the uplink and downlink.

[0003] For this purpose, a RIS comprises a large number of low-cost passive reflective elements, hereinafter referred to as "reflection elements", and whose respective reflection properties can be modified in order to improve the performance of a telecommunications network. In particular, the signals reflected by the RIS can be constructively combined to improve the power level of the signal received by a receiver. By deploying RISs in a network and intelligently configuring their reflections, the wireless propagation channels between the transmitter and the receiver can then be dynamically configured in order to obtain the desired distributions and gains. This configuration of the propagation channels makes it possible to improve the spectral efficiency and coverage of the network, but also to address the problem of interference and signal attenuation in a wireless network.

[0004] The following document describes in more detail the operation of a RIS: "Smart Radio Environments Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How it Works, State of Research, and Road Ahead", MD Renzo, A. Zappone, M. Debbah, M. Alouini, C. Yuen, JD Rosny, and S. Tretyakov, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, pages 2450-2524, 2020.

[0005] In practice, such a RIS is intended to reflect incident radio signals passively, i.e. without amplification of said incident radio signals by amplifiers (nor by low noise amplifiers, nor by power amplifiers). By modifying the reflection properties of each reflection element of the RIS, typically by individually modifying the phase shift introduced by each of these reflection elements, it is possible to influence the way in which incident radio signals are reflected by the RIS and, ultimately, to influence the propagation channel taken by these radio signals.

[0006] For this reason, a RIS constitutes an effective means of enabling data exchanges between a network access point such as a base station, and geographical areas which would otherwise remain poorly (or not at all) served. This aspect is for example illustrated by [Fig.l] which schematically represents an example of a wireless communication system using a RIS 12.

[0007] As illustrated in [Fig.l], the wireless communication system comprises a base station 11 installed on top of a building, which must exchange data (on a downlink and / or an uplink) with user terminals 13 located in a geographical area ZG to be served. In this example, the direct paths between the base station 11 and the geographical area ZG to be served are obstructed by buildings, so that the radio signals using these direct paths are strongly attenuated, or even blocked.

[0008] By placing the RIS 12 on an adjacent building, it is possible to introduce an additional reflection of the incident radio signals by the RIS placed on this adjacent building, and thus to create an indirect path between the geographical zone ZG and the base station 11, via the RIS 12. For this purpose, a management device (not shown in [Fig.l], and for example integrated into the base station 11), determines appropriate phase shifts of the reflection elements of the RIS 12 to enable the latter to serve the geographical zone ZG. Once determined, these phase shifts are transmitted to the RIS 12 via a backhaul network. A control module of the RIS 12 then makes it possible to control the reflection elements so that they introduce phase shifts corresponding to those determined by the management device.

[0009] The advantages of using a RIS are not limited to the possibility of serving areas that would otherwise remain poorly (or not at all) served. Indeed, the energy consumption of a RIS is negligible compared to that of a base station. In addition, a RIS is simpler to install from a technical and regulatory point of view. All these aspects justify the great interest in this technology as well as the desire of operators to accelerate its development, particularly in the context of the deployment of 5G-Advanced or 6G wireless communication systems, particularly suited to the context of spatial multiplexing of different user terminals ("multi-user multiple input multiple output", MU-MIMO in English terminology).

[0010] It nevertheless remains the case that the use of the RIS 12 alone to create an indirect path between the base station 11 and the geographical zone ZG may not be sufficient to allow a plurality of terminals to be served with sufficient quality of service.

[0011] Indeed, the base station 11 is typically equipped with an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas, and the maximum number of user terminals that can be spatially multiplexed, when the propagation channels are sufficiently decorrelated from each other, corresponds to the minimum between the number of antennas in the antenna array of the base station 11 and the number of reflection elements of the RIS 12.

[0012] In practice, the number of user terminals 13 that can actually be spatially multiplexed depends on the rank of the matrix of the propagation channel between the different user terminals 13 and the different antennas of the antenna array of the base station 11. However, in the case of the wireless communication system of [Fig.l] in which a RIS 12 is used to extend the coverage of a service in cases of very degraded propagation, this rank cannot be higher than the rank of the matrix of the propagation channel between the different antennas of the antenna array of the base station 11 and the different reflection elements of the RIS 12.However, this matrix of the propagation channel between the base station 11 and the RIS 12 may in practice have a fairly low rank, in particular in the case of frequencies above 30 GigaHertz (GHz) (for example for millimeter waves), or even above 1 TeraHertz (THz), and / or in the case where the RIS 12 is in a direct visibility situation ("line of sight", LOS, according to English terminology) with the base station 11. As is known, the transmission quality between a transmitter and a receiver is improved when they are in a direct visibility situation. Thus, in such a case, the propagation channel between the base station 11 and the RIS 12 acts as a bottleneck which can strongly limit the achievable performances in terms of spatial multiplexing gain.

[0013] To overcome these drawbacks, it has been proposed to position a plurality of RISs between a base station and a geographical area to be served in which user terminals are likely to be located. More particularly, said plurality of RISs comprises a so-called "main" RIS and a plurality of so-called "intermediate" RISs:

[0014] - the main RIS being arranged between the intermediate RISs and the zone geographical area to be served,

[0015] - the intermediate RISs being arranged between the base station and the main RISs.

[0016] By "main RIS arranged between the intermediate RISs and the geographical area to be served" is meant that, in the downlink direction (resp. in the uplink direction), radio signals originating from each intermediate RIS (resp. originating from the geographical area) reach the geographical area (resp. each intermediate RIS) via reflection on said main RIS. Similarly, by "intermediate RIS arranged between the base station and the main RIS" is meant that, in the downlink direction (resp. in the uplink direction), radio signals originating from the base station (resp. originating from the main RIS) reach the main RIS (resp. the base station) via reflection on an intermediate RIS.

[0017] It results in particular from these considerations that a main RIS is arranged closer to the geographical area to be served than the intermediate RISs. Such a configuration in which a plurality of RISs are used is for example illustrated in [Fig.2],

[0018] In Figure 2, and according to considerations similar to those described above for Figure 1, the wireless communication system comprises a base station 21 which must exchange data with user terminals located in a geographical area ZG to be served. The wireless communication system further comprises a plurality of RISs, namely a main RIS 20_j and three intermediate RISs 20_l, 20_2 and 20_3 (hereinafter denoted in the form 20_j = L3).

[0019] As illustrated by FIG. 2, at least some of the radio signals coming from the base station 21 can reach the geographical zone ZG by being previously reflected by the intermediate RISs 20__j = L3, then by the main RIS 20_ i, and vice versa, depending on the uplink or downlink direction considered.

[0020] The introduction of the intermediate RISs 20_j = 1..3 makes it possible to increase the rank of the matrix of the propagation channel between the base station 21 and the main RIS 20_i, by increasing the number of indirect paths that can be used between said base station 21 and said main RIS 20_i, each intermediate RIS 20_j = L3 making it possible to introduce a distinct indirect propagation path between said base station 21 and said main RIS 20_i.

[0021] In the state of the art, each intermediate RIS 20_j = L3 is configured to reflect signals towards the main RIS 20_ i on the basis of very general hypotheses relating to the respective positions of said intermediate RIS 20_ j = 1..3 and main RIS 20_ i. Statement of the invention

[0022] The present invention proposes a RIS positioning solution which makes it possible to improve the quality of service offered to users located in an area geographic area served by a network access point, such as a base station or a Wi-Fi hotspot.

[0023] To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for positioning a set E of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces associated with an access point of a telecommunications network, at least one reconfigurable intelligent surface of the set E, called "intermediate surface", being positioned between the access point and at least one other reconfigurable intelligent surface of the set E, called "main surface", configured to serve a given geographical area, the method being implemented by an electronic device and comprising: • a determination of positioning data for the intermediate and main surfaces so that: • signals emitted by the access point are reflected by the intermediate surface towards the main surface to exchange data with at least one user terminal located in the geographical area served by the main surface, • a path gain of a path taken by said signals between the access point and said at least one user terminal is greater than a predetermined or maximized threshold, said path gain being a function parameterized by distances between the access point, the intermediate surface and / or the main surface, and / or by angles of said signals coming from the access point and reflected by the intermediate surface towards the main surface; and • processing of said positioning data, so as to position said intermediate and main surfaces in accordance with said positioning data.

[0024] As is known per se, "path loss" corresponds to the attenuation that the power of an electromagnetic wave undergoes when it travels a certain distance. This attenuation is due to the dispersion of the power, but also to the obstacles encountered by the wave on the path (e.g., buildings, weather, the Doppler effect, etc.). "Path gain" is defined as the inverse of the propagation loss, and is generally expressed in the form of a ratio between an average reception power and an average transmission power, for omnidirectional and co-polarized transmission / reception antennas.

[0025] Determining the positioning of the RISs in this manner ensures that the RISs are positioned so that the propagation loss of a path between the access point and a user terminal is minimized, or in other words, so that the path gain is maximized.

[0026] By "processing of the positioning data" is meant, for example, the transmission, to the control modules of the different RIS, of an instruction aimed at adapting the orientations of the reflection elements of the different RIS in accordance with the determined positioning data. The processing may also comprise a display of a 2D or 3D representation of the environment in which the RISs must be positioned, and of the RISs in accordance with the determined positioning data, so as to allow an operator to position said RISs in the environment.

[0027] The first aspect of the invention relates to the case of a downlink, during which the signal is transmitted by an access point and intended for a user terminal. A second aspect of the invention relates to the case of an uplink, during which the signal is transmitted by a user terminal intended for an access point.

[0028] More specifically and according to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method for positioning a set E of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces associated with an access point of a telecommunications network, at least one reconfigurable intelligent surface of the set E, called "intermediate surface", being positioned between the access point and at least one other reconfigurable intelligent surface of the set E, called "main surface", configured to serve a given geographical area, the method being implemented by an electronic device and comprising: • a determination of positioning data for the intermediate and main surfaces so that: • signals emitted by at least one user terminal located in the geographical area served by the main surface are reflected by the main surface towards the intermediate surface to exchange data with the access point, • a path gain of a path taken by said signals between said at least one user terminal and the access point is greater than a predetermined or maximized threshold, said path gain being a function parameterized by distances between the access point, the intermediate surface and / or the main surface, and / or by angles of said signals coming from the main surface and reflected by the intermediate surface towards the access point; and • processing of said positioning data, so as to position said intermediate and main surfaces in accordance with said positioning data.

[0029] Generally speaking, it is considered that the steps of a method should not be interpreted as being linked to a notion of temporal succession.

[0030] In particular embodiments, the positioning method according to the first and / or second aspect may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in all technically possible combinations.

[0031] In particular embodiments, the positioning data includes a distance between the access point and the intermediate surface, a distance between the access point and the main surface, and / or between the intermediate surface and the main surface.

[0032] In particular embodiments, the positioning data includes an orientation of the intermediate surface and / or an orientation of the main surface.

[0033] In particular embodiments, said determination of positioning data is implemented by considering that each of the surfaces of the subset is an "intermediate surface" (eg, during a first time period), and also considering that each of the surfaces of the subset is a "main surface" (eg, during a second time period distinct from the first time period), each of said surfaces being associated with a given geographical area when it is a "main surface", each of said surfaces being configured to reflect an incident signal towards the main surface when it is an "intermediate surface".

[0034] These arrangements advantageously make it possible to consider different respective roles (intermediate, main) played by each of the surfaces of the set E during different periods of time, and a fortiori to improve the quality of service offered to users located in different geographical areas associated with the same access point.

[0035] The terms "first time period" and "second time period" are used by arbitrary convention to distinguish between different time periods, but without any particular chronology between these time periods.

[0036] In particular embodiments, the determination is furthermore implemented so that the distance between the access point and the intermediate surface and / or the distance between the access point and the main surface and / or the distance between the main surface and the intermediate surface is limited.

[0037] This characteristic is advantageous in that it makes it possible to take into account spatial constraints relating to the positioning of these surfaces. Indeed, regulatory and / or contractual constraints may, for example, impose on a RIS manager - and which may correspond to a telecommunications operator - a restricted area in which the RISs can be deployed.

[0038] In particular embodiments, the determination is furthermore implemented so that at least one component of the angle between the access point and the main surface, and / or the angle between the access point and the intermediate surface, and / or the angle between the main surface and the intermediate surface is bounded.

[0039] Similar to the previous characteristic, this characteristic is advantageous in that it makes it possible to take into account spatial constraints relating to the positioning of these surfaces.

[0040] In particular embodiments, the path gain of the path between the access point and said at least one user terminal corresponds to the combination of an antenna gain resulting from the reflection, by the intermediate surface, of (incident) signals emitted by the access point towards the main surface, of a path gain of a path taken by said signals between the access point and the intermediate surface, and of a path gain of a path taken by said signals between the intermediate surface and the main surface,

[0041] and wherein the antenna gain is a function parameterized by angles of incidence and reflection of the signals, the path gain of the path between the access point and the intermediate surface is a function parameterized by a distance between the access point and the intermediate surface, and the path gain of the path between the intermediate surface and the main surface is a function parameterized by a distance between the intermediate surface and the main surface.

[0042] Determining the path gain in this way in the case of a downlink makes it possible to take into account the precise physical reality in which said intermediate surface is located.

[0043] This physical reality refers not only to the distances between the surfaces and the base station, but also to the "incidence" angles of the signals reaching the intermediate surface from the access point, and to the "departure" angles of signals reaching said at least one main surface from the intermediate surface.

[0044] In particular embodiments, the determination of positioning data is implemented by applying a constrained gradient descent algorithm.

[0045] In particular embodiments, the application of the constrained gradient descent algorithm provides a first local optimum, and the determination of positioning data further comprises, following the application of the constrained gradient descent algorithm: • an application of an iterative local search algorithm (eg, tabu search) having as parameter the first local optimum, so as to obtain at least a second local optimum; and • a selection of a local optimum from among said first and at least one second local optima, the selected local optimum corresponding to the determined positioning data.

[0046] In particular modes of implementation, the access point is in a situation of direct visibility with all or part of the intermediate surface, and / or the main surface is in a situation of direct visibility with all or part of the associated geographical area that it serves, and / or all or part of the main surface is in a situation of direct visibility with all or part of the intermediate surface.

[0047] In particular embodiments, a plurality of intermediate surfaces are to be positioned between the access point and the main surface, and the determination of positioning data is implemented such that the intermediate surfaces are arranged in different respective directions relative to the access point.

[0048] In particular embodiments, the method is implemented to position a plurality of intermediate surfaces between the access point and the main surface, and the determination of positioning data is implemented such that the intermediate surfaces are arranged in different respective directions relative to the main surface.

[0049] According to a third aspect, the invention relates to an electronic management device configured to implement the method for positioning a set E of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces according to the invention.

[0050] According to a fourth aspect, the invention relates to a wireless communication system comprising an access point, a plurality of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces associated with said access point, as well as an electronic management device according to the invention.

[0051] According to a fifth aspect, the invention relates to a computer program comprising instructions for implementing a positioning method according to the invention, when said program is executed by a processor.

[0052] This program may use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other desirable form.

[0053] According to a sixth aspect, the invention relates to a computer-readable recording medium on which the computer program according to the invention is recorded.

[0054] The information or recording medium may be any entity or device capable of storing the program. For example, the medium may comprise a storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a chip ROM microelectronics, or a magnetic recording medium, for example a hard disk.

[0055] On the other hand, the information or recording medium may be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which may be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means. The program according to the invention may in particular be downloaded from a network such as the Internet.

[0056] Alternatively, the information or recording medium may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method in question. Brief description of the drawings

[0057] Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the appended drawings which illustrate an exemplary embodiment thereof without any limiting character. In the figures:

[0058] [Fig-1] [Fig.l], already described, schematically represents an example of a system wireless communication according to the state of the art, in which a single RIS is used to serve a given geographic area;

[0059] [Fig.2] [Fig.2], already described, schematically represents an example of a wireless communication system according to the state of the art, in which a plurality of intermediate RISs and a main RIS are used to serve a given geographical area;

[0060] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] schematically represents a wireless communication system according to a particular embodiment of the invention;

[0061] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] is an alternative schematic representation of [Fig.3], in which RISs belonging to the wireless communication system are respectively associated with geographical areas to be served;

[0062] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] represents modules embedded in a management device, such as the management device belonging to the system of [Fig.3], according to an exemplary implementation of the invention;

[0063] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] schematically represents an example of hardware architecture of a management device belonging to the wireless communication system of [Fig.3];

[0064] [Fig.7] [Fig.7] represents, in the form of a flowchart, a particular mode of implementation of a positioning method, for example executed by the electronic device of [Fig.5]; and

[0065] [Fig.8] [Fig.8] is a geometric representation of a wireless communication system according to a particular embodiment of the invention. Description of the embodiments

[0066] [Fig. 3] schematically represents a wireless communication system 20 according to a particular embodiment of the invention.

[0067] The system 20 is based on the configuration already described above with reference to [Fig. 2]. Consequently, the elements mentioned in relation to [Fig. 2] are reproduced here with identical numerical references.

[0068] Thus, and as illustrated by FIG. 3, the system 20 comprises an access point taking the form of a base station 21, a main RIS 20_ i configured to serve a given geographical area ZG of said communication cell, as well as intermediate RISs 20_ j = 1..3. The plurality of RISs belonging to the system 20 form a set of RISs hereinafter referred to as "set E".

[0069] The integer index i is used here to designate the main RIS(s) of the set E, and the integer index j, between 1 and 3, designates the intermediate RIS(s) of the set E.

[0070] As mentioned previously, each intermediate RIS 20_j = L3 therefore makes it possible to establish a distinct indirect path between the base station 21 and the geographical zone ZG, the main RIS 20_ï being located on a plurality of such distinct indirect paths established by the different intermediate RISs 20_j = 1.3.

[0071] It should be noted that considering three intermediate RISs 20_j = L3 constitutes only a variant implementation of the invention. Generally speaking, no limitation is attached to the number of intermediate RISs that can be envisaged, for example more or less than three intermediate RISs, in particular a single intermediate RIS.

[0072] Furthermore, and although a single main RIS 20„z is envisaged in the present embodiment, the invention still covers other embodiments in which several main RISs can be envisaged. For example, the number of main RISs can be less than or equal to the number of intermediate RISs, thus limiting the number of propagation channels between the main RISs and the user terminals to be served.

[0073] Following similar considerations, the system 20 may also comprise a plurality of base stations, and each base station may serve one or more communication cells. In practice, the principles described below may be extended by those skilled in the art to such configurations.

[0074] The base station 21 comprises an antenna array (not shown in the figures) comprising an integer number M > 1 of antennas. The antenna array is for example a uniform linear array (ULA) in which the M antennas are arranged with a constant spacing along one dimension, or a uniform rectangular planar array (URPA) in which the M antennas are coplanar and arranged in two dimensions with constant respective spacings.

[0075] Furthermore, it is considered in no way limiting that each user terminal is equipped, in the example envisaged here, with a single antenna. The invention is of course not limited to the case where each user terminal is equipped with a single antenna. Thus, nothing excludes the possibility of one or more user terminals located in the geographical zone ZG being equipped with several antennas.

[0076] A user terminal may, for example, take the form of a mobile telephone, such as a smart mobile telephone (also called a "smartphone" in English), a digital tablet, a laptop, a personal assistant, a connected watch, an electronic reader, etc. Generally speaking, no limitation is attached to the form taken by a user terminal.

[0077] Furthermore, each RIS comprises a control module (not shown in the figures) and reflection elements (not shown in the figures) whose reflection properties are modifiable by the control module so as to influence the way in which radio signals incident on said reflection elements are reflected by them.

[0078] The rank of the propagation channel matrix between the base station 21 and the main RIS 20_Z can be improved if the intermediate RISs 20_j = 1..3 are spatially distributed with respect to the base station 21 and / or with respect to the main RIS 20_z, i.e. if said intermediate RISs 20_ / = L3 are arranged in different respective directions with respect to:

[0079] - the base station 21, i.e. if the angle measured at the base station 21 between the directions of two intermediate RISs (eg, 20_ / = 1 and 20_ J = 2) is non-zero (e.g. greater than 5° or greater than 10°) for each pair of intermediate RISs; and / or

[0080] - the main RIS 20„i, that is to say if the angle measured at the level of the RIS main 20„ï between the directions of two intermediate RISs (eg, 20j=l and 20j=2) is non-zero (for example greater than 5° or greater than 10°) for each pair of intermediate RISs.

[0081] It should be noted that the direction of an intermediate RIS 20_j relative to the base station 21 (resp. relative to a main RIS 20_i) corresponds to the direction in which radio signals emitted by the base station 21 (resp. reflected by the intermediate RIS 20_ / ) arrive at the level of said intermediate RIS 20_ j (resp. leave the intermediate RIS 20_ J) to be reflected towards the main RIS 20_z. In other words, this is the direction of the vector connecting the base station 21 (resp. the intermediate RIS 20_j) to the intermediate RIS 20_j (resp. to the RIS main 20_f) in a direct visibility (LOS) situation. This vector can in particular be characterized angularly by means of different components (elevation, azimuth, and possibly polarization).

[0082] It should however be noted that, in the case where there is no direct path between the base station 21 (resp. the intermediate RIS 20__j) and the intermediate RIS 20_ j (resp. the main RIS 20_z), the direction between these two entities is then defined from the main indirect path (i.e. the most energetic) connecting them.

[0083] Preferably, in particular in the case where the data exchanges with the user terminals use high frequencies (for example greater than 30 GHz, or even greater than 1 THz):

[0084] - the base station 21 is in a line-of-sight (LOS) situation with all or part intermediate RISs 20_j, and / or

[0085] - the main RIS 20„i is in a line-of-sight (LOS) situation with all or part of the geographical area ZG to be served, and / or

[0086] - the main RIS 20_j is in a line-of-sight (LOS) situation with all or part of the intermediate RISs 20_j.

[0087] As explained in more detail below, optimal positions of the different RISs are determined, for example by solving an optimization problem. In this regard, within the scope of the present invention, it is considered that the RISs of the set E are mobile - that is to say that their position and / or orientation can vary. These changes in position and / or orientation are for example carried out manually by an operator, or by using means allowing the RISs to change position and / or orientation. By "change of position" is meant a movement of the RISs in a plane defined by the ground and / or a change in their height.Their respective positions result from such a procedure consisting of searching for suitable locations, while ensuring to maximize a path gain of a path taken by the signals between the base station 21 and the user terminals 23 (or at least to ensure that this gain is greater than a threshold value which may or may not be predetermined).

[0088] As indicated above, the wireless communication system 20 also comprises an electronic management device 22 configured to determine positioning data of the RISs of a set E of RISs, by implementing a positioning method according to the invention.

[0089] As illustrated in [Fig.3], the management device 22 is an electronic device distinct from the RISs of the set E as well as from the base station 21. In particular modes of implementation, the management device is a terminal which takes for example the form of a mobile telephone, such as a smart mobile telephone (also called a "smartphone" in English), a digital tablet, a laptop, or a personal assistant. Alternatively, this management device 22 is for example integrated into the base station 21.

[0090] [Fig.4] is an alternative schematic representation of [Fig.3], in which RISs belonging to the wireless communication system are respectively associated with geographical areas to be served.

[0091] As illustrated in Figure 4, the geographical zones ZG_r — L4 respectively associated with the RIS 20_r — 1..4 of the set E are distinct from each other. Furthermore, the RISs 20_r = 1..4 of the set E are connected to each other in Figure 4 by lines symbolizing indirect (distinct) paths between the base station 21 and the different geographical zones ZG_r — 1.4 depending on whether such or such RIS plays a role of intermediate RIS or of main RIS.

[0092] More precisely, to the extent that each RIS of the set E is capable of playing a role of main RIS, each of said RIS is associated with a given geographical area ZG (for example of a cell) covered by the base station 21 and is intended to serve the latter when the role of main RIS is actually assigned to it. The geographical areas ZG respectively associated with the RIS of the set E may be disjoint or overlap. Furthermore, each RIS whose role is determined as being that of an intermediate RIS is then associated with at least one RIS whose role is determined as being that of a main RIS, with a view to reflecting towards the latter incident signals coming from the base station 21 in the case of a downlink.

[0093] In order to be able to implement this configuration in which several geographical areas are covered, the roles respectively played by the deployed RISs (i.e. an intermediate RIS role or a main RIS role) are modified over time, for example by ensuring that a communication performance criterion is optimized for antennas located in the geographical area served by each surface whose role is determined as being that of main surface.

[0094] This communication performance criterion is for example representative of at least one of:

[0095] - a data rate that can be exchanged between the base station and the antennas located in the geographical area served by each main surface;

[0096] - a level of quality of service for data exchanges between the base station and the antennas located in the geographical area served by each main surface;

[0097] - energy efficiency of data exchanges between the base station and the antennas located in the geographical area served by each main surface; and

[0098] - a signal-to-noise ratio of the data exchanges between the base station and the antennas located in the geographical area served by each main surface.

[0099] [Fig.5] represents modules embedded in a management device, such as the management device 22 belonging to the system 20 of [Fig.3], according to an exemplary implementation of the invention.

[0100] As illustrated by [Fig.5], the management device 22 comprises in particular a module M0D_DET for determining positioning data of the intermediate and main surfaces, and a module MOD_PROC for processing said positioning data, the functionalities of which are described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

[0101] [Fig.6] schematically represents an example of hardware architecture of the management device 22 belonging to the system 20 of [Fig.3].

[0102] As illustrated by [Fig.6], the management device 22 has the hardware architecture of a computer. Thus, the management device 22 comprises, in particular, a processor 1, a random access memory 2, a read-only memory 3 and a non-volatile memory 4. It also has communication means 5.

[0103] The read-only memory 3 of the management device 22 constitutes a recording medium in accordance with the invention, readable by the processor 1 and on which is recorded a computer program PROG in accordance with the invention, comprising instructions for the execution of steps of the positioning method. The program PROG defines functional modules of the management device 22, which rely on or control the hardware elements 1 to 5 of the management device 22 cited above. These functional modules are illustrated in [Fig. 5] in a non-limiting manner, and are described in more detail below with reference to different modes of implementation.

[0104] In particular modes of implementation, the communication means 5 allow in particular the management device 22 to exchange data with any equipment of the wireless communication system 20, including in particular the intermediate RISs 20_J and the main RIS 20_i of the set E via a telecommunications network. For this purpose, the communication means 5 comprise a communication interface, wired or wireless, capable of implementing any suitable protocol known to those skilled in the art.

[0105] [Fig.7] represents, in the form of a flowchart, a particular mode of implementation of the positioning method executed by the management device 22.

[0106] In the present embodiment, the positioning method comprises a first step S100 of determining positioning data of the intermediate and main surfaces so that signals transmitted by the base station 21 are reflected by the intermediate surface 20_j towards the main surface 20_i to exchange data with antennas 23 located in the geographical area served by the main surface.

[0107] Furthermore, said positioning data are determined so that the path gain PGzi-*20_J-*20 i of a path taken by said signals between the base station 21 and the antennas 23 is greater than a predetermined or maximized threshold.

[0108] To do this, the path gain is considered to be a function parameterized by distances between the base station, the intermediate surface and / or the main surface, and / or by angles of the signals reflected by the intermediate surface towards the main surface.

[0109] Ultimately, the determination of the positioning data can be carried out by solving an optimization problem making it possible to determine the optimal deployment or installation positions of the RISs of the set E. These optimal positions include, for example, the distances between the RISs of this set E and the base station 21, the distances between the RISs themselves, the orientation of the RISs of this set E relative to the base station 21, and / or the orientation of the RISs of this set E relative to each other. This step S100 is, for example, implemented by the module M0D_DET of the management device 22.

[0110] The orientations are for example formalized in the form of "vector of angles of incidence" and "vector of angles of arrival" described in more detail below.

[0111] For the remainder of the description of the positioning method, the following notations are introduced.

[0112] ^^21-20 / (also noted a) denotes a vector, called "vector of angles incidence", corresponding to the direction of an incident wave coming from the base station 21 and directed towards an intermediate RIS 20_j. This vector has three components Ba 21—20 h $ -^^21-20 / corresponding respectively to the elevation, azimuth and polarization associated with said direction.

[0113] Wd20 / —20 î (also noted denotes a vector, called "vector of angles of departure", corresponding to the direction of a wave reflected by an intermediate RIS 20_ j towards the main RIS 20_ï. This vector has two components ^d. 20_j—20J, d,20_ / —20J corresponding respectively to the elevation and the azimuth associated with said direction.

[0114] d^ denotes a distance between entities a and b, each of these entities corresponding either to a base station or to a RIS.

[0115] x and z correspond to directions representative of the main directions in which an intermediate RIS extends, the direction noted being that orthogonal to the plane formed by the directions x and z. Thus, the axes carrying the directions x and z form a reference frame attached to the intermediate RIS 20- / .

[0116] Bx( «21-20j) = 810^ 21-2021-20_j^'(«.21-20j) = Sin^2l-20_jSinrt21-20jBz(a, 21—20j)

[0117] denotes a diagonal matrix representative of the phase shifts applied to each of the N2o_j reflection elements of an intermediate RIS 20_j, and can be expressed in the following form:

[0118] which : - i is the complex number which squared is equal to -1, - ^20_ / A corresponds to the phase shift introduced by the reflection element of index k of the Intermediate RIS 20d (k — 1, ..., N20 d). / \ \j4æ / U g 2Q j ^ a , where X corresponds to the wavelength, HAS sine ^ojB^ , where sine ^20 next: By corresponds to the cardinal sine function, and r corresponds to a reflection coefficient of each reflection element of the intermediate RIS 20_ j (this coefficient r is between 0 and 1, and is assumed to be constant for all the reflection elements in the present implementation mode). is equal to the quantity COS 02O_ / ^2O_ / C°8œ'21^20,^_ / ^20J-8ÎnW2H20.JCOS20 nut^ 1-*2O_ / Sin021-^20COStoo 1-^20. / 20¾ |^20_ / II.II 2 denotes the Euclidean norm.

[0119] For the sake of simplicity, this optimization problem can be expressed in two dimensions, when the base station 21 and the RISs of the set E are all at the same height. In this case, this optimization problem amounts to determining the distances and azimuths of the RISs, all the elevations then having the value 90°. Of course, this particular case in no way limits the scope of the invention. These aspects are notably represented schematically and by way of example only in [Fig.8].

[0120] According to a first embodiment, the optimization problem previously mentioned aims to determine the optimal installation positions of the RISs of the set E, so that the path gain PG2K20 / -»20 i of a path taken by said signals between the base station 21 and the antennas 23 via the intermediate and main RISs is maximized. In other words, this first embodiment aims to determine the optimal installation positions of the RISs of the set E, so that the energy of the incident signal coming from the base station 21 and reflected by the intermediate surface 20j towards the main surface 20_i is maximized.

[0121] The optimization problem then consists of determining the optimization variables such as:

[0122] max v 21“*20J- $42l^_J$a20_M.0_? ^0.10 / ^20^ À

[0123] such that

[0124] PG2^20j-20J > v, V ï, j, i * j (C0_DL)

[0125] d^OJ^QJ = ^2H20J+ ^21-^2()J ' 2 < / 21^2OJ^21-»2O’ Al2 W20J) ’ V i' * j (Cl)

[0126] ^2H20J - ^20J-»20J + i-*2()J '2^2l-*20_X20J-*20_jcos( $W0J J' 1 * J (C2)

[0127] <?21-*20_j = ^20J-*20j+ ^1^20 / -2^20^20^21-^() / 008(^21^20^^ V (C3)

[0128] ^20j-*204 j,i^ j (C4)

[0129] . = Ô .^n , V i, j,i* j (C5) LJ '<120^a20_i~^2Q_f J 7

[0130] Constraints C1 to C3 correspond to geometric constraints for calculating distances in a plane. It is important at this stage to recall that the distances and angles referenced in constraints are notably represented schematically in [Fig.8].

[0131] Constraint C4 expresses the intuitive notion of symmetry of a distance, and is advantageous in that it allows the expressions to be simplified, and thus facilitates the resolution of this optimization problem.

[0132] Finally, constraint C5 expresses the fact that the azimuth of a wave reflected by the RIS 20_j and directed towards the RIS 20_ï is equal to the azimuth of an incident wave coming from the RIS 20_ï and directed towards the RIS 20_j.

[0133] The angle ^90 ^2o_j has no physical meaning in the case where the base station 21 is emitted, then reflected by the RIS 20_j (playing the role of intermediate RIS) towards the RIS 20_ï (playing the role of main RIS).

[0134] However, according to a particular implementation, the respective roles (eg, "intermediate", "main") played by the RISs of the set E can be modified. Each RIS whose role is determined as being that of an intermediate RIS is then associated with at least one RIS whose role is determined as being that of a main RIS, with a view to reflecting towards the latter incident signals coming from the base station 21. Furthermore, to the extent that each RIS of the set E is capable of playing a role of main RIS, each of said RIS is associated with a given geographical area ZG of the cell covered by the base station 21 and is intended to serve the latter when the role of main RIS is actually assigned to it. The geographical areas ZG respectively associated to the RIS of set E are distinct from each other. These aspects are notably represented schematically and as an example only in [Fig.8].

[0135] According to this particular implementation, this angle therefore takes all its direction when the wave is reflected by the RIS 20_ï (which then plays the role of intermediate RIS) towards the RIS 20__j (and which then plays for example the role of main RIS).

[0136] According to another particular implementation discussed in more detail below, the data transmission considered is not only a downlink communication, but a "full duplex" type communication, and this angle j therefore also takes on its full meaning in the case of an uplink, i.e., when the wave is reflected by the RIS 20_ï towards the RIS 20_ j in order to reach the base station 21.

[0137] According to a second embodiment, the previously mentioned optimization problem aims to determine the optimal installation positions of the RISs of the set E, so that the path gain PG2i~^20_j^20 i of a path taken by said signals between the base station 21 and the antennas 23 via the intermediate and main RISs is greater than a threshold value v, this threshold value being determined prior to the resolution of this optimization problem. In other words, this second embodiment aims to determine the optimal installation positions of the RISs of the set E, so that the energy of the incident signal coming from the base station 21 and reflected by the intermediate surface(s) 20_ j towards the main surface 20_ l is greater than a threshold value.

[0138] The optimization problem to be solved consists of finding ^21-^20^20^20^ 2 ^,2i-*20j ^«,20j-»20j' J' z * À so that :

[0139] woJ-20J >L Vi, J, i* j,

[0140] with the constraints C1 to C5 previously mentioned.

[0141] In other words, unlike the first embodiment in which the variable v was determined when solving this optimization problem, this variable v is this time determined prior to solving this optimization problem.

[0142] In particular embodiments, the distance between the base station 21 and the intermediate surface 20_j and / or the distance between the base station 21 and the main surface 20_i and / or the distance between the main surface 20_i and the intermediate surface 20_j is limited.

[0143] In this case, the optimization problem includes additional constraints referenced C6 to C8 below:

[0145] rf20j-20_jnun < d2Q_^J < d2^20jm^ v j'i * J' (C7)

[0146] d2i-20_jm.n< d2^20j < ^21-20.4^, vi, (C8)

[0147] In particular embodiments, the azimuths of the angle of incidence ^1-20 i of a wave coming from the base station 21 and directed towards the RIS 20_ï, of the angle (b, . of a wave emitted by the base station 21 towards the RIS 20 i, of the angle of incidence 20 i^2Q_j of a wave coming from the RIS 20_ï and directed towards the RIS20_j and the angle j of a wave emitted by the RIS 20_ï towards the RIS 2Q_j are limited.

[0148] In this case, the optimization problem includes an additional constraint referenced C9 below:

[0149] ​

[0150] The path gain PGïwq / -*20 i of a path taken by said signals between the base station 21 and the antennas 23 via the intermediate RIS 20_y and the main RIS 20_Z corresponds to the combination of an antenna gain (Goq y) resulting from the reflection, by the intermediate surface 20_ j, of incident signals emitted by the base station 21 towards the main surface 20„i, of a path gain taken by said signals between the base station 21 and the intermediate surface 20_y, and a path gain PG2q / ->20 i of a path taken by said signals between the intermediate surface 20_ j and the main surface 20_ï.

[0151] Furthermore, the antenna gain (G2o j) is a function parameterized by angles of incidence (2I-*20_J) and reflection (20_j—20_t) of the signals. Furthermore, the path gain (PG2) of the path between the base station (21) and the intermediate surface (20„j) is a function parameterized by a distance (d2H20 / ) between the base station 21 and the intermediate surface 20_j, and the path gain (PG2Q_j-^2ü i) of the path between the intermediate surface 20_ j and the main surface 20_Z is a function parameterized by a distance (^20.7-20 i) between the intermediate surface 20_ j and the main surface 20_i.

[0152] Thus, the path gain PG2i-*20J-*20 i is expressed as follows:

[0153] PG21-+20J^2QJ-G20jPG2\-+2Qj{d2\^2Qj)PG20J^20j(d20_J-*20_») (El)

[0154] with G20j = |#.( V|2

[0155] Considering that the intermediate RIS 20_j reflects, towards the main RIS 20_ / , incident signals coming from the base station 21, the expression then becomes:

[0156] ^.21-2()^ / , 1^^1^20^ / ( ^21-20J, Pd.2GJ^2üj} P

[0157] Furthermore, in order to simplify the resolution of this optimization problem, it can for example be considered that the electromagnetic waves propagate "in free space" between the base station 21 and the intermediate RIS 20j, and between the intermediate RIS 20j and the main RIS 20_i.

[0158] In this case, the path gain PG2i-»20_j( ^21-*20_j) is expressed as a function of / to \2. Thus, the path gain PG^i-^20_y (j) is \ 4774 / 21-^20 j / example equal to / 2 \2. \ 4:Ti / > l-»20J /

[0159] Symmetrically, the path gain PG^q^^O i(^20_j^20 / ) is Pæ" example equal to / A \2. \ 4.74 / 20_r-2ÜJ /

[0160] Any optimization method known to those skilled in the art for solving such a problem can be considered, the choice of a particular method only corresponding to a variant of implementation of the invention.

[0161] According to a particular mode of implementation, the determination S100 of positioning data is implemented by application S10 of a constrained gradient descent algorithm comprising the following steps:

[0162] - obtaining an initial positioning of the main and intermediate RISs. This initial positioning is for example predetermined, but can also be selected randomly;

[0163] - at each iteration k, an update of a vector Representative of all the previously mentioned optimization variables, using the gradient of the Lagrange function such that = Xk + Àk, with F^ the function of Lagrange, Ra step size, and 2*, F^ the Lagrange multipliers corresponding to the constraints in terms of inequality and equality at the iteration then an update of the Lagrange multipliers Fk, using for example the Karush- conditions Kuhn-Tucker.

[0164] The update steps are repeated until a stopping criterion is reached. This stopping criterion corresponds, for example, to a predetermined number of iterations to be reached or to a convergence criterion. According to a particular implementation, the convergence criterion is considered to be reached when the distance between a result obtained at iteration * and at least one other result obtained at a previous iteration, for example at iteration k -1, is less than a certain threshold. This distance corresponds, for example, to a Euclidean distance.

[0165] However, in certain implementations, the positioning data obtained by applying this constrained gradient descent algorithm do not necessarily correspond to an extremum ("global optimum" according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology), but rather to a local optimum (called "first local optimum" hereinafter). Indeed, the solution determined by a gradient descent algorithm is generally strongly linked to the initial positioning.

[0166] In this particular case, the determination S100 of positioning data further comprises a step S20 during which an iterative local search algorithm having as parameter the first local optimum is implemented, so as to obtain one or more second local optima.

[0167] This local search algorithm corresponds for example to a tabu search algorithm. In a known manner, a tabu search algorithm explores the neighborhood of a given position (here the first local optimum) and chooses for example the position in this neighborhood which maximizes a cost function.

[0168] Following the application of step 20, a local optimum is selected during a step S30 from among said first and second local optima, and the selected local optimum then corresponds to the positioning data determined during this step S100. The selected local optimum corresponds for example to that generating a most optimal cost function value.

[0169] The method for positioning a set E of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces finally comprises a step S200 during which the positioning data are processed, so as to position said intermediate 20_j and main 20_j surfaces in accordance with said positioning data. This step is for example implemented by the MOD_PROC module of the management device 22.

[0170] According to a particular implementation, this processing step comprises a transmission, to the control modules of the different RIS, of an instruction aimed at adapting the orientations of the reflection elements of the different RIS in accordance with the determined positioning data.

[0171] According to another particular implementation, the RISs are mobile and / or are positioned on means allowing the RISs to move. In this case, this processing step comprises a transmission, to the control modules of the different RISs, of an instruction aimed at adapting the positions of the different RISs in accordance with the determined positioning data.

[0172] According to another particular implementation, the processing comprises a display of a 2D or 3D representation of the environment in which the RISs must be positioned, and a superposition of the RISs on this representation, in accordance with the determined positioning data, so as to allow an operator to position said RISs in the environment.

[0173] It is important to note that, according to still other modes of implementation of the positioning method, the positions of the RISs can be determined by combining all or part of the optimization problems previously described. In other words, all the constraints C1 to C9 previously cited can be taken into account according to any technically effective combination.

[0174] The invention has so far been mainly described in the case of a downlink communication. But the invention nevertheless remains applicable in the case of an uplink or in the case of a "full-duplex" type communication. In the latter case ("full duplex"), the first embodiment previously mentioned then includes an additional constraint C0_UL:

[0175] PG2qJ-20J-21 > v, V i, J, i * j (C0_UL)

[0176] In addition, the path gain PG2i-^20_j-^20 i previously evoked (equation El) is then expressed for example as follows: PG21^-20.J-20J -G20^Df)PG2i-^20^DL)PG2QJ^2()_i(d2Q_j^20_i:

[0177] G^DL)= j. ^20«-«DL the wavelength descending.

[0178] Considering the downlink case in which the intermediate RIS 20„j reflects, towards the main RIS 20_z, incident signals coming from the base station 21, the expression then becomes:

[0179] 7^.21-20^ ^21)_jr*20J> ^DL) P = |

[0180] Furthermore, the path gain PG-^ ,-*20 / -*21 of the path traveled by the uplink wave is expressed for example as follows: PG2Q_i^20J^2l -G2Q_j{ÀUj^PG2Qj^2Qj(d2Q_r*20J- ^UL)PG2qJ-^21(d20J-»2b

[0181] with = |g, ( ^21-20 j |2 « iVL the wavelength rising.

[0182] Considering the case of the uplink during which the main RIS 20_j reflects, towards the intermediate RIS 20_ j, incident signals coming from the user terminal 23, the expression then becomes:

[0183] | g, (PJ, PJ^2 b Àul) | " = Nj | (Pa20J^i J' d,20 b / . ) | ”

[0184] The invention has so far been described in the case where the wireless communication system comprises only one intermediate RIS 20_ j. But the invention nevertheless remains applicable in the case where the system comprises a plurality of intermediate RIS, for example two intermediate RIS 20_ j = 1 and 20_ j = 2. In this particular case, in the case of a downlink, the positions are determined so that the signals transmitted by the base station 21 are reflected by a first intermediate surface (for example 20_ j = 1) towards a second intermediate surface (for example 20_ j = 2), then the signals are reflected by this second surface intermediate to the main surface 20_Z to exchange data with user terminals 23 located in the geographical area served by this main surface. In addition, the positioning data are also determined so that the path gain / ^21-^2(0=1-^20 j=2-*20 i of the path taken by said signals between the base station 21 and the user terminals 23 is greater than a predetermined or maximized threshold.

[0185] The invention has also been described in the case where the RISs and the base station are all located in the same plane defined by the ground (two dimensions). The invention nevertheless remains applicable in the base station 21 and the RISs of the set E are at different heights - ie, the base station 21 and the RISs of the set E have variable elevations. In this particular case, the constraints C2 to C4 are then expressed for example using spherical coordinates, and new relative constraints are added which aim to limit the elevations of the base station 21 and the RISs.

[0186] Finally, the invention has also been described in the case where the optimization problem aims to determine relative distances as well as relative orientations between the entities of the wireless communication system. The invention nevertheless remains applicable in the case where only distances must be determined (the orientations then being for example fixed), but also in the case where only orientations must be determined (the distances then being for example fixed).

Claims

Claims

1. Method for positioning a set E of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces associated with an access point (21) of a telecommunications network, at least one reconfigurable intelligent surface (20_j = L3) of the set E, called "intermediate surface", being positioned between the access point and at least one other reconfigurable intelligent surface (20_i) of the set E, called "main surface", configured to serve a given geographical area (ZG), the method being implemented by an electronic device (22) and comprising: • a determination (S 100) of positioning data of the intermediate and main surfaces so that: • signals emitted by the access point (21) are reflected by the intermediate surface (20_j - L3) towards the main surface (20_i) to exchange data with at least one user terminal (23) located in the geographical area served by the main surface,• a path gain (PG21-»20 / ^-20 i) of a path taken by said signals between the access point (21) and said at least one user terminal (23) is greater than a predetermined or maximized threshold, said path gain being a function parameterized by distances between the access point, the intermediate surface and / or the main surface, and / or by angles of said signals coming from the access point and reflected by the intermediate surface towards the main surface; and • a processing (S200) of said positioning data, so as to position said intermediate (20_j = L3) and main (20_ï) surfaces in accordance with said positioning data.,

2. Method for positioning a set E of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (20_ / = L3) associated with an access point of a telecommunications network (21), at least one reconfigurable intelligent surface (20_j = 1.3) of the set E, called "surfaceintermediate", being positioned between the access point and at least one other reconfigurable intelligent surface (20_j) of the set E, called "main surface", configured to serve a given geographical area (ZG), the method being implemented by an electronic device (22) and comprising: • a determination (S 100) of positioning data of the intermediate and main surfaces so that: • signals emitted by at least one user terminal (23) located in the geographical area served by the main surface are reflected by the main surface (20_z) towards the intermediate surface (20_ j = L3) to exchange data with the access point (21), • a path gain (PGy) r^20.J-^21) of a path taken by said signals between said at least one user terminal (23) and the access point (21) is greater than a predetermined or maximized threshold, said path gain being a function parameterized by distances between the access point, the intermediate surface and / or the main surface, and / or by angles of said signals coming from the main surface and reflected by the intermediate surface towards the access point; and • processing (S200) of said positioning data, so as to position said intermediate (20_ j = 1..3) and main (20_i) surfaces in accordance with said positioning data.

3. A positioning method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the positioning data includes a distance between the access point and the intermediate surface (d^MO / ), a distance between the access point and the main surface (^21-^20 i)' and / or between the intermediate surface and the main surface ( < / 20_j-*20 i)-

4. A positioning method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the positioning data includes an orientation of the intermediate surface and / or an orientation of the main surface.

5. A positioning method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said determination of positioning data is implemented by considering that each of the surfaces of at least one subset of the set E is an "intermediate surface", and also considering that each of the surfaces of the subset is a "main surface", each of said surfaces being associated with a given geographical area when it is a "main surface", each of said surfaces being configured to reflect an incident signal towards the main surface when it is an "intermediate surface".

6. A positioning method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the determination (S 100) is further carried out such that the distance between the access point and the intermediate surface and / or the distance between the access point and the main surface and / or the distance between the main surface and the intermediate surface is bounded.

7. A positioning method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the determination (S 100) is further carried out such that at least one component of the angle between the access point (21) and the main surface, and / or the angle between the access point (21) and the intermediate surface, and / or the angle between the main surface and the intermediate surface is bounded.

8. Positioning method according to one of claims 1, or 3 to 7 in combination with claim 1, wherein the path gain ( / ^21-^20 / -»20 i) of the path between the access point (21) and said at least one user terminal (23) corresponds to the combination of an antenna gain (Gzq_j) resulting from the reflection, by the intermediate surface, of signals emitted by the access point (21) towards the main surface (20_l), of a path gain of a path taken by said signals between the access point (21) and the intermediate surface (20.. / ), and of a path gain (PG20 i) of a path taken by said signals between the intermediate surface (20_j) and the main surface (20_ï), and wherein the antenna gain (G2QJ) is a function parameterized by angles of incidence (21-*20_J) C( reflection (20_r*20_ / ) the signals, the path gain (PG2]^2iï_j) of the path between the access point (21) and the intermediate surface (20_j) is a function parameterized by a distance (rf21-*20 j) between the access point (21) and the intermediate surface (20_ j), and the path gain (PG20 j-^20 i) of the path between the intermediate surface (20__ / ) and the main surface (20_z) is a function parameterized by a distance (^20 >-*20 i) between the intermediate surface (20_ / ) and the main surface (20_z).

9. Positioning method according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which: • the access point (21) is in a situation of direct visibility with all or part of the intermediate surface (20_j), and / or • the main surface (20_z) is in a situation of direct visibility with all or part of the associated geographical area which it serves, and / or • all or part of the main surface (20_z) is in a situation of direct visibility with all or part of the intermediate surface (20_j).

10. A method according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method is implemented to position a plurality of intermediate surfaces (20_ j = L3) between the access point (21) and the main surface (20_ 1), and the determination (S 100) of positioning data is implemented such that the intermediate surfaces (20_ j = L3) are arranged in different respective directions relative to the access point (21).

11. A method according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the method is implemented to position a plurality of intermediate surfaces (20_j = L3) between the access point (21) and the main surface (20_Z), and the determination (S 100) of positioning data is implemented such that the intermediate surfaces (20_ j = L3) are arranged in different respective directions relative to the main surface (20_Z).

12. Electronic management device (22) configured to implement the method for positioning a set E of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. Wireless communication system (20) comprising an access point (21), a plurality of associated reconfigurable smart surfaces said access point (21), as well as an electronic management device according to claim 12.

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