BUILDING AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION METHOD

Abstract

BUILDING AND METHOD OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION A building (1) comprises a support (4) with anchor points (3) and first building modules (2a) equipped with a floor (5) attached to first side walls (7a). The first building modules (2a) have a non-load-bearing ceiling (6) or no ceiling. The first side walls (7a) are made of a mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder. The mass content of particles is between 30% and 70%. The first building modules (2a) are supported by the support (4) solely by means of a load-bearing support between the first side walls (7a) and the support (4). First fixing plates (8a) are attached to the top of the first side walls (7a). The first tie rods (9a) connect the first fixing plates (8a) to the anchor points (3) to apply a vertical compressive force.

Description

Title of the invention: BUILDING AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A BUILDING technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a building and a method of assembling a building. State of the art

[0002] In order to accelerate the construction of buildings, it has become common to produce prefabricated elements in the form of walls or modules, that is to say an assembly comprising side walls and at least one floor or ceiling.

[0003] Once the prefabricated element is produced, it must be transported and then installed on the construction site, for example, using a crane. It is known to produce walls and modules from concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, or even wood. Using walls saves time on building assembly, but it does not reduce the time allocated to finishing work.

[0004] An interesting embodiment lies in the manufacture of prefabricated modules that can be functionalized, for example, prefabricated modules equipped with doors and windows, interior finishes, sanitary facilities, a kitchen, or a heating element before their delivery to the construction site. In addition to the dimensional issues that may necessitate transport by special convoy, there are also issues of weight and adaptability to specific needs.

[0005] Concrete or reinforced concrete modules are heavy, which complicates transport and requires the use of specially adapted cranes. Their thermal performance is poor, necessitating the installation of a substantial insulating layer. Metal-framed modules offer limited thermal and acoustic comfort. Here again, the use of an insulating material is necessary. Modules with a wooden frame also exist. The wooden frame allows for a lightweight module, facilitating transport, but its technical performance is limited, particularly in terms of mechanical performance. The wooden frame also exhibits poor fire resistance and acoustic performance.

[0006] It is also known from document EP4326951 that a building can be constructed by stacking several modules made from a mixture of a mineral binder and wood particles. The material used offers a very good compromise between a favorable carbon footprint, good mechanical performance, good acoustic performance, and good thermal performance. However, the joining of the different modules is achieved by pouring concrete to form beams on site. During the building design phase, it is necessary to di specify the recesses in the modules in order to produce beams with the dimensions required to address structural issues. Description of the invention

[0007] An object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks, and more particularly to provide a building made up of one or more modules and which can be implemented more quickly than prior art configurations, for example by avoiding a concrete pouring step.

[0008] These drawbacks are addressed by means of a building comprising: - a support equipped with a plurality of anchor points; - at least one first construction module comprising a floor fixed to first side walls, at least one first construction module comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling or being without a ceiling, the first side walls being made in a first mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder, a mass content of plant material particles being between 30% and 70%, at least one first construction module being supported by the support solely by means of a load-bearing support between the first side walls and the support; - the first fixing plates attached to the upper ends of the first side walls; - the first tie rods attached to the first fixing plates and anchor points, the first tie rods applying a vertical compressive force on the first side walls.

[0009] According to one aspect of the invention, the first tie rods comprise first rods attached to the anchor points and first nuts screwed to the first rods. The first fixing plates are screwed onto the first side walls and define a passage hole for the first rods. The first screwed nuts apply the compressive force to the first fixing plates, thereby applying the compressive force to the first side walls.

[0010] Preferably, the first rods are removable from the anchor points and detachable from the first fixing plates.

[0011] In a particular embodiment, said at least one first construction module comprises at least two first construction modules arranged side by side in a horizontal direction. A first mounting plate is attached to two adjacent first construction modules.

[0012] Advantageously, the first two adjacent construction modules are in contact or are separated by a distance less than the thickness of the first rod. The first two construction modules define a passage hole for the first rod between the anchor point and the first fixing plate.

[0013] In a particular embodiment, the building comprises: - at least one second building module comprising a floor fixed to second side walls, at least one second building module comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling or being without a ceiling, at least one second building module being supported by at least one first building module solely by means of a load-bearing support between the second side walls and the first side walls, the second side walls being made in the first mixture; - second fixing plates attached to the upper ends of the second side walls; - second tie rods attached to the second fixing plates and the first fixing plates, the second tie rods applying a vertical compressive force on the second side walls.

[0014] Preferably, the second tie rods comprise second rods and second nuts, the second rods being screwed into the first nuts of the first tie rods. The second nuts are screwed to the second rods. The second mounting plates are screwed to the second side walls of the second construction modules. The screwed-in second nuts apply the compressive force to the second mounting plates, thereby applying the compressive force to the second side walls.

[0015] In another development, the compressive force applied to the second lateral walls of the second construction modules is different from the compressive force applied to the first lateral walls of the first construction modules.

[0016] The invention also relates to a method for constructing a building that is easier than prior art methods while allowing for rapid modification of the building's configuration and ensuring good load distribution. This problem is addressed by a building construction method comprising the following successive steps: - provide a support equipped with anchor points and at least one first building module placed on the support, at least one first building module comprising a floor fixed to first side walls, at least one first building module comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling or being without a ceiling, the first side walls being made of a first mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder, a mass content of plant material particles being between 30% and 70%, the first side walls being load-bearing on the support to support at least one initial construction module; - connect the first fixing plates to the anchor points by means of first tie rods and apply a vertical compressive force on the first side walls by means of the first tie rods, the first fixing plates being fixed to an upper end of the first side walls of at least one first construction module.

[0017] Preferably, several first construction modules are arranged on the support. The first tie rods pass between two adjacent first construction modules to fix the first tie rods to the anchor points.

[0018] Preferably, the first tie rods have first rods and first nuts. The first rods are fixed to the anchor points after at least one first construction module has been placed on the support. The first fixing plates define a through hole for the first rods, and the first fixing plates are fixed to the first side walls by screwing. The first nuts are screwed to the first rods to apply a compressive force to the first fixing plates and to the first side walls. Description of the drawings

[0019] Other advantages and features will become clearer from the following description of particular embodiments and implementations of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0020] [Fig. 1] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a building comprising several construction modules;

[0021] [Fig.2] schematically illustrates a perspective view of the first two construction modules intended to be installed on a support;

[0022] [Fig.3] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a first construction module placed on the support and another first construction module intended to be installed on the support;

[0023] [Fig.4] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two construction modules placed on the support above an anchor point;

[0024] [Fig.5] schematically illustrates a perspective view of the fixing of a first fixing plate on two first construction modules;

[0025] [Fig.6] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a first fixing plate attached to two first construction modules;

[0026] [Fig.7] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a first fixing plate attached to two first construction modules and a second module of construction placed on a first construction module;

[0027] [Fig.8] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two second construction modules placed on top of the first construction modules;

[0028] [Fig.9] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two second modules of construction placed on the first construction modules with removal of part of the second construction module;

[0029] [Fig. 10] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two second roof modules placed on the second construction modules with a roof fixing plate ready for fixing;

[0030] [Fig. 11] schematically illustrates a perspective view of two second roof modules placed on the second construction modules with a roof fixing plate attached;

[0031] [Fig.12] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a support with an anchor point, a first tie rod and a first construction module;

[0032] [Fig. 13] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a support supporting a first building module with a first tie rod fixed to an anchor point and passing through the first building module;

[0033] [Fig. 14] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a first construction module with a first fixing plate ready for fixing;

[0034] [Fig. 15] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a first construction module with a first fixing plate fixed, a first nut being fixed to the first rod of the first tie rod;

[0035] [Fig. 16] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a first building module surmounted by a second building module with a second tie rod passing through the second building module;

[0036] [Fig. 17] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a first construction module surmounted by a second construction module with a second tie rod passing through the second construction module, the second tie rod being attached to a first fixing plate;

[0037] [Fig. 18] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a second building module surmounted with a second tie rod and a roof fixing plate ready for installation;

[0038] [Fig. 19] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a second building module surmounted with a second tie rod ready for installation and a roof fixing plate attached;

[0039] [Fig.20] schematically illustrates a perspective view of a corner of a second construction module topped with a second tie rod and a roof mounting plate attached. Detailed description

[0040] Figures 1 to 20 represent different embodiments of a building 1 constructed by combining several building modules 2. Figure 1 represents a building 1 comprising seven building modules 2, divided into three first building modules 2a, two second building modules 2b, and two roof modules 2c. The building module 2 can have a length between 2 and 10 m and a width between 2 and 5 m.

[0041] The first building modules 2a define a first level, which may be a ground floor. The second building modules 2b define a second level. The second building modules 2b are placed directly on top of the first building modules 2a. The roof modules 2c represent the final modules in the stack. Depending on the configuration of building 1, a roof module 2c may be placed directly on top of a first building module 2a, on top of a second building module, or on top of another building module corresponding to a different level.

[0042] Building 1 may comprise one or more first building modules 2a, one or more second building modules 2b, and optionally one or more other building modules. Preferably, building 1 comprises one or more roof modules 2c that are better suited to form a terrace and / or that are better suited with regard to waterproofing issues.

[0043] It is possible to have a building 1 which has more than two levels, for example three or four levels or even more or fewer levels, i.e. only a first level.

[0044] The building 1 also includes anchor points 3 that are part of a support 4 intended to support the building module(s). The anchor points 3 are intended to be fixed to the ground. In the embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 1], the support 4 is a foundation that includes anchor points 3 for attaching several first building modules 2a. The support 4 is preferably made of concrete or reinforced concrete. The support 4 is configured to support one or more building modules arranged one on top of the other and to support this assembly of building modules by means of linear load-bearing supports.

[0045] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the anchor point 3 comprises an anchor plate 3a fixed to the foundation body by anchoring elements 3b, for example screws, nuts or any other suitable means for achieving a removable or non-removable fixing between the anchor plate 3a and the support 4.

[0046] The anchor plate 3a may include an attachment point 3c optionally surmounted by an anchor nut 3d suitable for receiving one end of a first tie rod 9a. The anchor nut 3d may be removable from the anchor plate 3a to adapt the attachment section to the section of the first tie rod and / or to better adapt to the forces to be supported.

[0047] For example, the first tie rod 9a has a first rod 10a which is intended to be fixed to the anchor point 3.

[0048] The construction modules 2 are prefabricated elements, that is to say, elements formed at least partially at a production site and then transported to an operating site. The use of prefabricated modules allows for faster installation during construction, i.e., a shorter construction time.

[0049] The building modules 2 comprise a floor 5 and side walls fixed to the floor. The floor is a load-bearing element, that is to say, it is designed to support the weight of several people and equipment as in typical configurations.

[0050] The side walls are load-bearing elements. The side walls are in contact with the support 4 or the immediately lower building module 2. The side walls form the load-bearing bearing surfaces that support the building module as well as any other building modules placed on top of building module 2. The first building module 2a is supported by the support 4 solely by means of a load-bearing support between the first side walls 7a and the support 4. The load-bearing support represents at least 50% of the vertical face area between the support 4 and each first side wall 7a. Preferably, the load-bearing support extends over at least 50% of the length of the side wall, i.e., the longest horizontal dimension. More preferably, the load-bearing support extends over at least 75%, or even 85% or 90%, of the length of the side wall.The load-bearing support extends over at least 50% of the thickness of the side wall, i.e., the narrowest horizontal dimension. More preferably, the load-bearing support extends over at least 75%, or even 85% or 100%, of the thickness of the side wall. Even more preferably, the load-bearing support extends continuously over at least 50% of the length of the side wall.

[0051] The building module may include a ceiling 6 attached to the side walls, or the building module may have no ceiling 6. The ceiling is a non-load-bearing ceiling, that is, a material that is not capable of supporting the weight of another building module. In order to limit the mass of the building module, it is advantageous for the roof to be non-load-bearing, that is, to have resistance to the bending less than a threshold value suitable for supporting a building module placed above or a 2c roof module.

[0052] The material forming the side walls 7 is a first material comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder. The use of plant material particles makes it possible to form side walls with a lower heat storage capacity compared to an equivalent in cement, concrete, reinforced concrete, or any other mineral binder. The use of plant material particles embedded in the mineral binder ensures that the particles are completely coated by the mineral binder, thus ensuring mechanical cohesion between the particles and protecting them against external aggressions.

[0053] The first material has a first mass content of plant material particles between 30% and 70%, and preferably a volumetric content of plant material particles between 30% and 95%. More preferably, the plant material particles represent a larger volume than the mineral binder. The mass content of plant material particles corresponds to the mass of the plant material particles relative to the total mass of the first material after drying. The volumetric content of plant material particles corresponds to the volume of the plant material particles relative to the total volume of the other materials in the first material after drying, without taking into account the porosity of the material. The use of such a plant material particle content allows for a significant reduction in the mass of the side walls compared to an equivalent panel made exclusively of concrete or reinforced concrete.The first material is a porous material with open pores.

[0054] Preferably, the majority of the plant material particles have a length between 1 and 100 mm. Particularly advantageously, the average particle length is between 10 and 100 mm, preferably between 10 and 60 mm, and more preferably between 20 and 60 mm. The average length can be a simple average length. Using such a length range makes it possible to form a material with better-controlled porosity and surface roughness, particularly with microcavities and, above all, cavities with a larger volume. Using a mixture containing a majority of particles with a size preferably between 10 and 100 mm, preferably between 10 and 60 mm, and with a high mass and / or volume content of particles, makes it possible to form side walls with significant surface roughness.Even more preferably, the particles are wood chips with a thickness predominantly (in number) between 1mm and 5mm. Such a distribution in length and thickness makes it possible to form a support material for . Reduced density, with satisfactory mechanical resistance and a good compromise between porosity and surface roughness. Roughness corresponds to the maximum height between a peak and a trough on the surface.

[0055] The first material is a mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant-based material. The plant-based material may be wood, straw, cellulose, hemp, or cork. The plant-based material particles are preferably wood particles. Preferably, the plant-based material particles are predominantly wood particles (by volume) and preferably wood chips. Preferably, the mineral binder is chosen from cement, clay, a clay-based material, blast furnace slag, or lime. It is also possible to use concrete, which is a mixture containing water, a binder (for example, cement), and other elements, such as sand and possibly gravel. It is particularly advantageous for the mineral binder to contain a significant, and more preferably predominant, geo-sourced material.

[0056] The plant-based particles are embedded in a mineral binder that ensures mechanical cohesion between the particles. The particles are coated with a layer of mineral binder to protect them from external aggressions. The particles are randomly assembled relative to one another, defining channels and / or cavities within the lateral walls.

[0057] When the plant material particles are wood particles and the mineral binder is cement or concrete, the density of the porous material is between 600 and 1200 kg / m³, preferably equal to 800 kg / m³ by varying the material composition. This results in a material lighter than raw concrete, i.e., concrete that does not contain wood elements and whose density is approximately 2300 kg / m³.

[0058] The use of the first material makes it possible to form building modules that have a lower mass than an equivalent module made solely of concrete and / or reinforced concrete. Such building modules have a higher mass than a module made of wood. However, the extra weight allows for installation with mobile cranes capable of lifting between 12 and 35 tonnes, thus facilitating assembly.

[0059] The use of a first material is particularly advantageous because it allows for side walls that offer good sound insulation and fire resistance. Since the first material is porous, the side wall is breathable, which allows for good humidity regulation inside building module 2.

[0060] The first material is a material exhibiting good compressive strength, which makes it a good load-bearing material, that is to say, a material suitable for to support significant loads. The use of the first material to form the side walls is particularly advantageous for constructing buildings with one to five stories. The building modules offer a good balance between mechanical performance and the mass of the building module. Using the side walls to create the load-bearing support for the building module is especially beneficial because it avoids excessively thick walls. The good compressive strength also provides effective bracing for each floor.

[0061] In the embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 1], a first building module 2a is supported on the foundation by means of its first side walls 7a. The second building module 2b is supported on the first side walls 7a by means of its second side walls 7b. The roof module 2c is supported on the second side walls 7b by means of its third side walls 7c.

[0062] The first side walls 7a support the weight of the second building module 2b and the roof module 2c. There is no load-bearing support between the floor of the roof module 2c and the ceiling 6 of the second building module 2b, nor between the floor of the second building module 2b and the ceiling 6 of the first building module 2b.

[0063] The construction module 2 is placed on the support 4. In the event of an earthquake, the energies involved cause the construction modules to move relative to the ground and to each other. It is therefore preferable to fix each construction module 2 to several anchor points 3, directly or indirectly, in order to limit as much as possible the movement between the construction module(s) 2 and the ground.

[0064] Advantageously, first fixing plates 8 are fixedly installed at the top of the first side walls 7a.

[0065] First tie rods 9a are used to attach the anchor points 3 to the first fixing plates 8 and to apply a vertical compressive force to the first side walls 7a. Applying a slight compressive force allows the building module to be pressed against its support. The tie rods may include metal rods that ensure the connection between the anchor point 3 and the first fixing plate 8a. The tie rods may be made of metal, composite material, a cable, or a chain. The cable or chain may be made of metal or another material suitable for withstanding the applied forces.

[0066] The tensile force which is applied on the different tie rods ensures the bracing of the floor.

[0067] The tie rod has a Young's modulus that is significantly greater than the modulus of Young of the material forming the side walls. By clearly superior, we mean at least twice as high, preferably at least 10 times higher, more preferably at least 50 times higher.

[0068] The first tie rods 9a are under slight tension. During a seismic shock, the forces applied by the ground to the building module 2 are absorbed by the first tie rods 9. The first tie rods 9a will reduce or prevent the displacement of the first side walls 7a relative to the support 4, thereby limiting the deformations that would cause the floor 5 to lift relative to the support 4. A similar effect can occur when the building module 2 is subjected to strong winds and, more generally, to bracing forces. The first tie rods 9a are capable of elastic deformation in one or more horizontal directions. The first tie rods allow deformation of the first building module 2a when significant forces are applied, and they force a return to the initial position in order to maintain the mechanical stability of the building 1.

[0069] It is advantageous to install first fixing plates 8 at the ends of each of the side walls 7. Each first fixing plate 8a is fixed to an anchor point 3 by a first tie rod 9a. First fixing plates 8 can also be fixed at other locations on one or more side walls 7.

[0070] As illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, it is particularly advantageous for a first fixing plate 8a to be attached to the first two side walls 7a of the first two construction modules 2a. The first fixing plate 8a ensures a better connection between the first two side walls 7a when they are subjected to different forces. The first tie rod 9a applies a compressive force that results in substantially identical displacements at the contact ends of the side walls.

[0071] Preferably, the first tie rods 9a comprise first rods 10a fixed to the anchor points 3 and first nuts 1a screwed to the first rods 10a. The first fixing plates 8 are fixed to the first side walls 7a by screws 12. The first fixing plates 8 define a through hole 13 for the first rods 10a. The first nuts 1a screwed onto the first rods 10a apply the compressive force to the first fixing plates 8 in order to apply the compressive force to the first side walls 7a.

[0072] The first fixing plates 8 can be made of any suitable materials, for example of metallic material.

[0073] Securing the first mounting plate 8a by screwing it in using the screws 12 allows the through hole 13 to be installed in the position most suitable for the configuration Installation diagram of the first construction module 2a in relation to the anchor point 3. Preferably, the anchor point 3 is positioned opposite the passage hole 13 in a vertical direction, then the first fixing plate 8a is fixed to the side wall 7 by the screws 12. Fixing the first fixing plate 8a after installing the first rod 10a in the passage hole 13 facilitates the installation and fixing of the first tie rod 9a and the first fixing plate 8a.

[0074] In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the first rods 10a are arranged to be detachable from the anchor points 3 and removable from the first fixing plate 8a and from at least one first construction module 2a, which facilitates the installation of the first construction module 2a. Preferably, the first rod 10a is fixed to the anchor point 3 by screwing.

[0075] In a preferred installation method illustrated in Figures 2, 3 and 4, a first building module 2a is installed on the support 4. The first rod 10a is preferably fixed to the anchor point 3 after the installation of the first building module 2a. An additional first building module 2a is installed on the support 4 and the first fixing plate 8a is fixed to the first side walls 7a of the two adjacent first building modules 2a.

[0076] The first rod 10a is preferably fixed to the first fixing plate 8a after fixing to the anchor point 3 and after fixing the first fixing plate 8a with the first side wall 7a. The first rod 10a can be fixed in an orientation where its longitudinal axis is purely vertical.

[0077] The anchor plate 3a may include a positioning member 3e which is configured to define the position of a part of the first building module 2a relative to the anchor plate 3a. For example, the anchor plate 3a has a protruding pin and the first building module 2a has a positioning plate 14 equipped with a hole for receiving the protruding pin, which makes it possible to limit the lateral displacement between the positioning member 3e, for example in the form of a protruding pin, and the edge of the hole in order to limit the displacements between the foundation and the first building module 2a.

[0078] The use of several positioning elements 3e fixed to the support 4 in cooperation with several positioning plates 14 arranged at the ends of the first construction module 2a allows the first construction module(s) 2a to be placed precisely.

[0079] Building 1 is particularly advantageous when it comprises several first building modules 2a. The first building modules 2a are arranged side by side in one or more horizontal directions. The first building modules 2a are fixed to the anchor points 3.

[0080] Advantageously, the first two construction modules 2a are attached to a single anchor point 3 by means of a single first tie rod 9a. It is advantageous for the first fixing plate 8a to be fixed to a first building module 2a and to the first adjacent building module 2a. Such an embodiment is illustrated in Figures 2 to 5.

[0081] In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2 to 4, an anchor point 3 is fixed to a foundation, and two first construction modules 2a partially cover the anchor point 3. It is advantageous to use positioning elements 3e to fix the position of the two construction modules 2a relative to each other. Each of the first two construction modules 2a can be equipped with a positioning plate 14 that defines a positioning element which cooperates with the positioning element 3e of the anchor point 3. The first rod 10a is arranged between the first two construction modules 2a.

[0082] Preferably, the first two adjacent construction modules 2a are in contact or are separated by a distance less than the thickness of the first rod 10a. It is advantageous to use the positioning elements 3e to fix the position of the two construction modules 2a relative to each other. The first two adjacent construction modules 2a define a through hole for the passage of the first rod 10a.

[0083] Preferably, at least one of the first two construction modules 2a defines a groove 15 and more preferably each of the first two construction modules 2a defines a groove 15 intended to receive the first rod 10a. The groove 15 receiving the first rod 10a opens opposite the attachment point 3c.

[0084] Figures 2, 3 and 4 illustrate a particular embodiment of a manufacturing process for a building 1. [Fig.2] illustrates the installation of a first building module 2a on the support 4. Then, as illustrated in [Fig.3], one end of the first rod 10a is hooked to the anchor point 3. In a subsequent step illustrated in [Fig.4], an additional first building module 2a is placed facing the anchor point 3 in the vertical direction ZZ.

[0085] As illustrated in [Fig. 4], the first two construction modules 2a are installed adjacently along a longitudinal direction XX and form a through hole for the passage of the first rod 10a. As illustrated in [Fig. 5], the first mounting plate 8a is installed at the top of the first side walls 7a. The other end of the first rod 10a passes through the through hole 13. The end is held in place or its movement is restricted in the horizontal directions by the edges that define the through hole 13. The first mounting plate 8a is fixed to the two adjacent side walls 7, for example, by means of the screws 12.

[0086] The screws 12 and the first fixing plate 8a help to limit movement between the two side walls 7. The first fixing plate 8a prevents the lifting of the ends of the two construction modules 2a relative to the anchor point 3.

[0087] As illustrated in [Fig.6], screwing a first nut 1a onto the end of the first rod 10a applies a compressive force on both ends of the first side walls 7a to press the first construction modules 2a against the support 4.

[0088] In the embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 1] and Figures 7 to 9, the first construction modules 2a can be surmounted by one or more second construction modules 2b. The second construction module(s) 2b form a level immediately above the level formed by the first construction modules 2a.

[0089] As illustrated in [Fig. 7], a second construction module 2b is placed on a first construction module 2a. The second construction module 2b partially covers the first fixing plate 8a. A second rod 10b of a second tie rod 9b is attached to the first fixing plate 8a and more preferably is attached to the first nut 11a and even more preferably is screwed with the first nut 11a.

[0090] The second tie rod 9b connects the second fixing plate 8b with the first fixing plate 8a. The second fixing plate 8b is fixed to the top of the second side wall 7b. The first fixing plate 8a acts as an anchor point vis-à-vis the second construction module(s) 2b.

[0091] Preferably, the second tie rod 9b has a second rod 10b, one end of which is fixed to the first fixing plate 8a and the other end passes through the through hole 13. A second nut 11b is screwed to the other end of the second rod 10b and applies a compressive force on the second side wall(s) 7b by means of the second fixing plate 8b.

[0092] It is advantageous that the second tie 9b is fixed directly to the first nut lia which is fixed to the first tie 9a and which defines the value of the compressive force applied to the first construction module(s) 2a. In these configurations the forces are more easily taken up by the anchor point 3.

[0093] As with the anchor point 3 and the first construction module 2a, it is advantageous that the first fixing plate 8a and the second construction module 2b have a positioning element 8p and a positioning plate 14 which are configured to place the second construction module 2b relative to the first fixing plate 8a in one or more horizontal directions.

[0094] As illustrated in [Fig. 8], the second rod 10b of the second tie rod 9b is preferably installed in a through hole defined by two adjacent second construction modules 2b. The second rod 10b may be inaccessible between its two ends as illustrated in Figures 8 and 9.

[0095] Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the installation and attachment of the roof modules 2c to the second building modules 2b according to the same construction principle as before. The roof module(s) 2c are installed on the second building module(s) 2b and cover the second fixing plate 8b. After the installation of the second roof module 2c, a third tie rod 9c is attached to the second fixing plate 8b, which then acts as an anchor point.

[0096] Once the third tie rod 9c is attached, the other roof module 2c is installed. A roof mounting plate 8c is connected to the first mounting plate 8a by means of a third tie rod 9c. The third tie rod 9c allows the application of a vertical compressive force on the roof module(s) 2c. It is advantageous for the third tie rod 9c to be provided with a third rod 10c, for the roof mounting plate 8c to define a through hole 13 for the passage of the third rod 10c, and for a third nut 1le to be screwed onto the end of the third rod 10c to apply the compressive force to the roof module(s) 2c.

[0097] When the roof mounting plate 8c defines a through hole 13 for the passage of the third tie rod. Once the third tie rod 10c of the third tie rod 9c passes through the through hole 13, the roof mounting plate 8c is fixed to the roof modules 2c. A third nut 1 is screwed onto the end of the third tie rod 10c to apply a compressive force to the third side walls 7c of the roof modules 2c.

[0098] With such an assembly, all the building modules 2 arranged one above the other in vertical alignment from an anchor point 3 to the top are mechanically connected with the anchor point 3. The multiple tie rods 9a, 9b and 9c are fixed in series to each other so as to achieve a transfer of force from the top of the building 1 to the anchor point 3.

[0099] The weights of the multiple construction modules are applied to the side walls 7a, 7b and 7c up to the support 4 which have sufficient compressive strengths and the other forces are taken up by the tie rods.

[0100] The multiple tie rods connected to the top of the building modules 2 allow each building module to be secured against the side walls of the building module immediately below it, or against the ground or foundation 4. When building 1 is subjected to seismic activity or wind loads, the multiple tie rods prevent a building module from being lifted relative to the building module immediately below it. The tie rods can be installed quickly, which facilitates the assembly of building 1. It is also possible to The tie rods can be easily dismantled, thus allowing for easy dismantling of building 1. According to the calculated conditions, the section of the tie rods can be adjusted to take up the forces without significantly altering the characteristics relating to the side walls.

[0101] While Figures 2 to 11 illustrate the assembly and fixing of side walls of several pairs of adjacent building modules which are each fixed to the same fixing plate, Figures 13 to 20 illustrate an identical assembly at one end of the building modules which is not shared with any other building module of the same level.

[0102] Figures 13 to 20 illustrate the assembly and fixing of a first building module 2a, a second building module 2b, and a roof module 2c using a first fixing plate 8a, a second fixing plate 8b, and a roof fixing plate 8c with the associated tie rods. The fixing plates and tie rods are installed at a corner of the building modules.

[0103] Figure 12 illustrates the installation of the first building module 2a on the foundation and the fixing of the first tie rod to the anchor point 3. It is advantageous to install the first building module 2a before fixing the first tie rod 9a. As with the previous embodiments, the first tie rod 9a is preferably removable relative to the anchor point 3. More preferably, the first rod 10a is screwed to the anchor point 3. It is also advantageous for the anchor point 3 and the first building module 2a to have positioning elements 3e and positioning plates 14.

[0104] The multiple positioning elements 3e installed on the ground or on the foundation, as well as the positioning plates 14 fixed to the first building module 2a, allow the first building module 2a to be precisely positioned relative to its support. The positioning accuracy can be on the order of 1 cm or 0.5 cm.

[0105] The construction module 2 is prefabricated and has well-controlled dimensions which allows the first construction module(s) 2a to be installed in precisely defined positions relative to the support 4. The positioning devices 3e / 8p and the positioning plates 14 allow the tie rods to be installed at a precise distance from the side walls.

[0106] Advantageously, the construction modules 2 define recesses at the lower and / or upper ends in order to allow the installation of the fixing plates 8 and the positioning plates 14. In the illustrated embodiments, recesses are defined only for the positioning plates 14.

[0107] The building modules 2 can be quickly stacked on top of each other to form a building 1. It is possible to quickly add or remove one or more building modules 2 to modify the building 1 to adapt to New requirements. A new building module 2 can be added to an existing building 1. Once the new building module 2 is installed, the top of the side wall 7 is fixed to the top of the side wall 7 of the immediately lower building module 2 by means of a tie rod 0 and the fixing plates 8 or the anchor point 3. The tie rod 9 applies a compressive force to the side wall 7 to press the new building module 2 against the immediately lower building module 2 and ensure the mechanical stability of the assembly.

[0108] The construction modules 2 have side walls 7 preferably formed by molding. A mold is provided, and the first mixture is poured into the mold. It is particularly advantageous to install the positioning device in the mold in order to fix it precisely to the side wall. Preferably, when the construction module 2 has a square or rectangular cross-section, positioning devices are fixed to the four corners of the square or rectangle. During molding, it is advantageous to define the groove 15 for receiving a tie rod.

[0109] The building modules 2 rest on each other by means of their side walls 7. The side walls 7 have compressive strength values ​​which define the number of floors that the building 1 can accommodate. Since the loads from the different floors are transferred by the side walls 7, the floor 5 of a floor is preferably free from direct contact with the ceiling 6 of the floor immediately below.

[0110] The mechanical performance of the ceilings 6 is reduced, which allows for greater freedom in the choice of materials. The ceiling materials 6 can be concrete, a mixture of concrete and particles of a plant-based material, a metallic material, a wooden frame, or a mixture of these.

[0111] The same applies substantially to the floors 5 which provide support for goods and people. The floor materials 5 can be concrete, a mixture of concrete and plant-based material particles, a metallic material, a timber frame, or a mixture of these. Floor 5 is preferably a mixture of concrete and wood particles reinforced by concrete beams, and more preferably by reinforced concrete beams.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment, the floor 5 and the side walls 7 are manufactured and then assembled. The assembly of the floor 5 with the side walls 7 can be carried out using adhesive mortar and / or by screwing in lag bolts.

[0113] It is then possible to add a layer of thermal insulation against the inner faces of the side walls 7 and possibly of the floor 5. Once the insulation is installed, a facing layer is laid, for example a layer of plaster.

[0114] It is also possible to install the joinery in the various openings defined by the side walls 7, for example doors and / or windows. Sealing work is also carried out for the various openings.

[0115] It is still possible to install an electrical and / or plumbing system inside the building module. Subsequently, interior finishing work can be carried out, such as painting and laying flooring. Interior furniture (cupboards, wardrobes, shelves, etc.) and sanitary fixtures can also be installed.

[0116] Finally, it is possible to install a false ceiling and temporary roof waterproofing.

[0117] The construction module 2 thus enhanced is moved from its place of manufacture to the place of construction of building 1.

[0118] The construction site has a support 4 equipped with a plurality of anchor points 3. A crane is used to lift the construction module 2 and place it on the support 4 at the chosen location. Once the first construction module 2a is in place, the first multiple tie rods 9a are attached to the anchor points 3, and the tops of the first side walls 7a are hooked to the first tie rods 9a by means of the first fixing plates 8a.

[0119] Preferably, a mortar adhesive or a bonding foam is placed on the support 4 prior to the installation of the first construction module 2a.

[0120] The process steps are repeated for the first multiple 2a building modules and for the multiple building modules of the subsequent floors.

[0121] In a particular embodiment, the mounting plates and the tie rods are attached together to secure the construction modules 2a. The installation and tensioning of the tie rods allows for the formation of a prefabricated module that can be lifted by a crane. The mounting plates are equipped with hooking rings that ensure the suspension of the prefabricated module. Figure 20 illustrates a hooking ring attached to a mounting plate. Since the material of the construction module 2a has greater compressive strength than tensile strength, it is preferable for the tie rods to be attached by plates fixed to the underside. The plates may be positioning plates with a threaded hole for screwing one end of a tie rod into them, or other means of attaching one end of a tie rod.

[0122] To lift the prefabricated module, the latter may be fitted with temporary tie rods which are used only during the lifting phases of the prefabricated module. The temporary tie rods may be attached to temporary or permanent fixing plates.

[0123] Once building 1 has been erected, a subsequent step of installing external insulation can be used to conceal the tie rods and possibly the base plates if necessary. necessary.

Claims

Demands

1. Building (1) comprising: - a support (4) provided with a plurality of anchor points (3); - at least one first building module (2a) comprising a floor (5) fixed to first side walls (7a), the at least one first building module (2a) comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling (6) or being without a ceiling, the first side walls (7a) being made of a first mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder, a mass content of plant material particles being between 30% and 70%, the at least one first building module (2a) being supported by the support (4) solely by means of a load-bearing support between the first side walls (7a) and the support (4); - first fixing plates (8a) fixed to the upper ends of the first side walls (7a);- the first tie rods (9a) attached to the first fixing plates (8a) and to the anchor points (3), the first tie rods (9a) being subjected to a tensile stress to apply a vertical compressive force on the first lateral walls (7a).;

2. Building (1) according to claim 1 wherein the first tie rods (9a) have first rods (10a) attached to the anchor points (3) and first nuts (lia) screwed to the first rods (10a), wherein the first fixing plates (8a) are attached to the first side walls (7a) by screwing and define a through hole (13) for the passage of the first rods (10a) and wherein the first screwed nuts (lia) apply the compressive force on the first fixing plates (8a) to apply the compressive force on the first side walls (7a).

3. Building (1) according to any one of claims 1 and 2 in which the first rods (10a) are detachable from the anchor points (3) and removable from the first fixing plates (8a).

4. Building (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said at least one first building module (2a) comprises at least two first building modules (2a) arranged side by side in a horizontal direction and wherein a first fixing plate (8a) is attached to two adjacent first building modules (2a).

5. Building (1) according to claim 4 in which the first two adjacently arranged building modules (2a) are in contact or are separated by a distance less than a thickness of the first rod (10a) and in which the first two building modules (2a) define a passage hole for the first rod (10a) between the anchor point (3) and the first fixing plate (8a).

6. Building (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 comprising: - at least one second building module (2b) comprising a floor (5) fixed to second side walls (7b), the at least one second building module (2b) comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling (6) or being without a ceiling, the at least one second building module (2b) being supported by the at least one first building module (2a) solely by means of a load-bearing support between the second side walls (7b) and the first side walls (7a), the second side walls (7b) being made in the first mixture; - second fixing plates (8b) fixed to the upper ends of the second side walls (7b);- second tie rods (9b) attached to the second fixing plates (8b) and the first fixing plates (8a), the second tie rods (9b) applying a vertical compressive force on the second lateral walls (7b).;

7. Building (1) according to claim 6 wherein the second tie rods (9b) comprise second rods (10b) and second nuts (11b), the second rods (10b) being screwed into the first nuts (1a) of the first tie rods (9a) and wherein the second nuts (11b) are screwed to the second rods (10b), wherein the second fixing plates (8b) are fixed to the second side walls (7b) of the second building modules (2b) by screwing and wherein the screwed second nuts (11b) apply the compressive force on the second fixing plates (8b) to apply the compressive force on the second side walls (7b).

8. Building (1) according to claim 7 wherein the compressive force applied to the second side walls (7b) of the second building modules (2b) is different from the compressive force applied to the first side walls (7a) of the first building modules (2a).

9. A method for constructing a building (1) comprising the following steps following cessives: - provide a support (4) equipped with anchor points (3) and at least one first construction module (2a) placed on the support (4), the at least one first construction module (2a) comprising a floor (5) fixed to first side walls (7a), the at least one first construction module (2a) comprising a non-load-bearing ceiling (6) or being without a ceiling, the first side walls (7a) being made in a first mixture comprising a mineral binder and particles of a plant material embedded in the mineral binder, a mass content of plant material particles being between 30% and 70%, the first side walls (7a) being in load-bearing support on the support (4) to support the at least one first construction module (2a); - connect the first fixing plates (8a) to the anchor points (3) by means of first tie rods (9a) and apply a vertical compressive force on the first side walls (7a) by means of the first tie rods (9a), the first fixing plates (8a) being fixed to an upper end of the first side walls (7a) of at least one first construction module (2a).

10. Method of constructing a building (1) according to claim 9 wherein several first building modules (2a) are arranged on the support (4) and wherein the first tie rods (9a) pass between two adjacent first building modules (2a) to fix the first tie rods (9a) to the anchor points (3).

11. Method of constructing a building (1) according to any one of claims 9 and 10 wherein the first tie rods (9a) have first rods (10a) and first nuts (11a); - in which the first rods (10a) are fixed to the anchor points (3) after having placed at least one first construction module (2a) on the support (4); - wherein the first fixing plates (8a) define a through hole (13) for the first rods (10a) and the first fixing plates (8a) are fixed to the first side walls (8a) by screwing; and - in which the first nuts (lia) are screwed to the first rods (10a) to apply a compressive force on the first fixing plates (8a) and apply a compressive force on the first side walls (7a).